Gravity data were collected between 1999 and 2002 along transects in the Talkeetna Mountains of south-central Alaska as part of a geological and geophysical study of the framework geology of the region. The study area lies between 61° 30’ and 63° 45’ N. latitude and 145° and 151° W. longitude. This data set includes 408 gravity stations. These data, combined with the pre-existing 3,286 stations, brings the total data in this area to 3,694 gravity stations. Principal facts for the 408 new gravity stations and the 15 gravity base stations used for control are listed in this report.
\nDuring the summer of 1999, a gravity survey was conducted in the western Talkeetna Mountains. Measurements at 55 gravity stations were made. One gravity base station was used for control for this survey. This base station, STEP, is located at the Stephan Lake Lodge on Stephan Lake. The observed gravity of this station was calculated based on an indirect tie to base station ANCL in Anchorage. The temporary base used to tie between STEP and ANCL was REGL in Anchorage.
\nDuring the summer of 2000, a gravity survey was conducted in the western Talkeetna Mountains. Measurements at 56 gravity stations were made. One gravity base station was used for control for this survey. This base station, GRHS, is located at the Gracious House Lodge on the Denali Highway. The observed gravity of this station was calculated based on multiple ties to base stations D87, and D57 along the Denali Highway.
\nDuring the summer of 2001, a gravity survey was conducted in the western Talkeetna Mountains. Measurements at 90 gravity stations were made. One gravity base station was used for control for this survey. This base station, HLML, is located at the High Lake Lodge. The observed gravity of this station was calculated based on multiple ties to base stations ANCU in Anchorage, PALH in Palmer, WASA in Wasilla, and TLKM in Talkeetna.
\nAlso during the summer of 2001, a gravity survey was conducted in the vicinity of Tangle Lakes. Measurements at 86 gravity stations were made. The Tangle Lakes area is located about 25 km west of Paxson and north of the Denali Highway. One gravity base station was used for control for this survey. This base station, TLIN, is located at the Tangle Lakes Inn. The observed gravity of this station was calculated based on multiple ties to base stations ANCU in Anchorage, PALH in Palmer, BD27 in Gulkana, B-07 on the Richardson Highway, and base stations D42, and D57 along the Denali Highway. During the summer of 2002, measurements at an additional 107 gravity stations were made in the vicinity of Tangle Lakes. Base station TLIN at the Tangle Lakes Inn was again used for control. Additional ties to base stations ANCU and B-07 were made.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr0327","usgsCitation":"Morin, R.L., and Glen, J., 2003, Principal facts for 408 gravity stations in the vicinity of the Talkeetna Mountains, south-central Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-27, Report: 19 p.; 2 Figures: 11.0 x 8.5 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr0327.","productDescription":"Report: 19 p.; 2 Figures: 11.0 x 8.5 inches","numberOfPages":"21","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":179310,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":285256,"rank":2,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0027/data.ascii"},{"id":285255,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0027/data.xls"},{"id":285252,"rank":4,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0027/pdf/of03-27.pdf"},{"id":4498,"rank":7,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0027/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":285254,"rank":6,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0027/pdf/fig2.pdf","text":"Figure 2"},{"id":285253,"rank":5,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0027/pdf/fig1.pdf","text":"Figure 1"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Talkeetna Mountains","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -151.0,61.5 ], [ -151.0,63.75 ], [ -145.0,63.75 ], [ -145.0,61.5 ], [ -151.0,61.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aaae4b07f02db668ca2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morin, Robert L.","contributorId":82671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morin","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":243751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Glen, Jonathan M. G.","contributorId":45756,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glen","given":"Jonathan M. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":243750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":51493,"text":"ofr0338 - 2003 - Alaska resource data file: Taku River quadrangle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-21T18:18:52.845832","indexId":"ofr0338","displayToPublicDate":"2003-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-38","title":"Alaska resource data file: Taku River quadrangle","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr0338","usgsCitation":"Barnett, J.C., and Miller, L.D., 2003, Alaska resource data file: Taku River quadrangle: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-38, 52 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr0338.","productDescription":"52 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":486310,"rank":4,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0038/ofr0338.pdf","text":"Report","size":"274 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 03-38 PDF"},{"id":179161,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":389496,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_54431.htm"},{"id":4492,"rank":3,"type":{"id":18,"text":"Project Site"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P96MMRFD","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Taku River quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -134.0,\n 58\n ],\n [\n -132.0,\n 58\n ],\n [\n -132.0,\n 59\n ],\n [\n -134.0,\n 59\n ],\n [\n -134.0,\n 58\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699bfe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barnett, John C.","contributorId":95558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnett","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":243734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, Lance D.","contributorId":30287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Lance","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":243733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":51506,"text":"ofr0322 - 2003 - Occurrence of the diamondback terrapin (Malaclemys terrapin littoralis) at South Deer Island in Galveston Bay, Texas, April 2001-May 2002","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T16:42:16","indexId":"ofr0322","displayToPublicDate":"2003-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-22","title":"Occurrence of the diamondback terrapin (Malaclemys terrapin littoralis) at South Deer Island in Galveston Bay, Texas, April 2001-May 2002","docAbstract":"One-hundred thirty-five terrapins were captured (116 individuals, 19 recaptures) in occurrence and nesting and basking surveys at South Deer Island in Galveston Bay, Texas, during April 2001–May 2002. Along the southern shore of the island, terrapins were captured in crab traps placed in shallow water offshore; in the lagoon on the island, terrapins were captured by hand while walking along the shore. In the nesting and basking surveys, areas of the island with continuous patches of exposed shell typically were checked twice a day for nesting and basking terrapins, except during the last 2 months of the study, when more intensive monitoring was conducted. The occurrence surveys resulted in 119 terrapins captured in crab traps and nine captured by hand around the lagoon. The nesting and basking surveys yielded seven terrapins. Only one was nesting, although the nest is believed to be the first documented terrapin nest found in Texas. Three terrapins were captured swimming near shell beaches, and three more were captured basking on shell beaches. The most terrapins were captured during April–May 2001 and April–May 2002. Biometric data collected on terrapins captured showed size dimorphism on the basis of sex. The median female straight-line carapace length was 17.8 centimeters, 1.4 times larger than the median male carapace length, 13.1 centimeters. The median female mass was 1,021 grams, 2.9 times larger than the median male mass, 354 grams. Intra-specific variation occurred in the colorations and markings of terrapins captured. Anomalies - lesions, deformities, barnacles, and algae - were common among terrapins captured. Both lesions and deformities were more common among males than females. Dominant vegetation or substrate associated with terrapin habitat included saltwort, slender seapurslane, seabeach orache, shell, and woody debris.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr0322","collaboration":"In cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Hogan, J.L., 2003, Occurrence of the diamondback terrapin (Malaclemys terrapin littoralis) at South Deer Island in Galveston Bay, Texas, April 2001-May 2002: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-22, HTML Document; Report: iv, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr0322.","productDescription":"HTML Document; Report: iv, 24 p.","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":179383,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr0322.JPG"},{"id":333411,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/ofr03-022/pdf/03-022.pdf","text":"Report","size":"11.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":4501,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/ofr03-022/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Galveston Bay, South Deer Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.98916625976562,\n 29.250160096125988\n ],\n [\n -94.98916625976562,\n 29.31514119318728\n ],\n [\n -94.89166259765625,\n 29.31514119318728\n ],\n [\n -94.89166259765625,\n 29.250160096125988\n ],\n [\n -94.98916625976562,\n 29.250160096125988\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af4e4b07f02db6920ae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hogan, Jennifer L.","contributorId":51812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hogan","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":243763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":51511,"text":"ofr036 - 2003 - Principal facts for gravity stations in the Dry Valley area, west-central Nevada and east-central California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-23T15:09:26.510101","indexId":"ofr036","displayToPublicDate":"2003-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-6","title":"Principal facts for gravity stations in the Dry Valley area, west-central Nevada and east-central California","docAbstract":"In June, 2002, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) established 143 new gravity stations and 12 new rock samples in the Dry Valley area, 30 miles north of Reno, Nevada, on the California - Nevada border (see fig. 1). This study reports on gravity, magnetic, and physical property data intended for use in modeling the geometry and depth of Dry Valley for groundwater analysis. It is part of a larger study that aims to characterize the hydrologic framework of several basins in Washoe County. Dry Valley is located south of the Fort Sage Mountains and south-east of Long Valley, on USGS 7.5’ quadrangles Constantia and Seven Lakes (fig. 2). The Cretaceous granitic rocks and Tertiary volcanic rocks that bound the sediment filled basin (fig. 3) may be especially important to future modeling because of their impact on groundwater flow. The granitic and volcanic rocks of Dry Valley exhibit densities and magnetic susceptibilities higher than the overlaying sediments, and create a distinguishable pattern of gravity and magnetic anomalies that reflect these properties.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr036","usgsCitation":"Sanger, E.A., and Ponce, D.A., 2003, Principal facts for gravity stations in the Dry Valley area, west-central Nevada and east-central California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-6, Report: 21 p.; 7 Plates: 8.50 x 11.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr036.","productDescription":"Report: 21 p.; 7 Plates: 8.50 x 11.00 inches","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":285218,"rank":9,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0006/pdf/7_pro.pdf","text":"Plate 7","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":285217,"rank":8,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0006/pdf/6_pro.pdf","text":"Plate 6","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":285216,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0006/pdf/5_mag.pdf","text":"Plate 5","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":285215,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0006/pdf/4_iso.pdf","text":"Plate 4","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":285214,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0006/pdf/3_geol.pdf","text":"Plate 3","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":285213,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0006/pdf/2_topo.pdf","text":"Plate 2","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":285212,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0006/pdf/1_index.pdf","text":"Plate 1","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":285211,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0006/pdf/of03-6.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":178555,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr036.jpg"},{"id":4518,"rank":10,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0006/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Dry Valley area","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -120.25,39.875 ], [ -120.25,40.125 ], [ -119.75,40.125 ], [ -119.75,39.875 ], [ -120.25,39.875 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db667e1a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sanger, Elizabeth A.","contributorId":50219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanger","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":243778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ponce, David A. 0000-0003-4785-7354 ponce@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4785-7354","contributorId":1049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ponce","given":"David","email":"ponce@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":243777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":51508,"text":"ofr0320 - 2003 - 40Ar/39Ar dating studies of minerals and rocks in various areas in Mexico : USGS/CRM scientific collaboration. Part 1","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-31T10:09:03","indexId":"ofr0320","displayToPublicDate":"2003-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-20","title":"40Ar/39Ar dating studies of minerals and rocks in various areas in Mexico : USGS/CRM scientific collaboration. Part 1","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr0320","usgsCitation":"Iriondo, A., Kunk, M.J., Winick, J.A., and Consejo de Recursos Minerales, 2003, 40Ar/39Ar dating studies of minerals and rocks in various areas in Mexico : USGS/CRM scientific collaboration. Part 1: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-20, 79 leaves : ill. (chiefly col.), col. maps ; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr0320.","productDescription":"79 leaves : ill. (chiefly col.), col. maps ; 28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":179286,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":4515,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/ofr-03-020/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4931e4b0b290850eef78","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Iriondo, Alexander","contributorId":23619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iriondo","given":"Alexander","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":243769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kunk, Michael J. 0000-0003-4424-7825 mkunk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4424-7825","contributorId":200968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kunk","given":"Michael","email":"mkunk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":243768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Winick, Jeffrey A.","contributorId":38218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winick","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":243771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Consejo de Recursos Minerales","contributorId":127967,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Consejo de Recursos Minerales","id":532117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":51490,"text":"ofr0341 - 2003 - Geochemistry of natural gas, North Slope, Alaska: Implications for gas resources, NPRA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-07T18:29:32.064643","indexId":"ofr0341","displayToPublicDate":"2003-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-41","title":"Geochemistry of natural gas, North Slope, Alaska: Implications for gas resources, NPRA","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr0341","usgsCitation":"Burruss, R.A., Lillis, P.G., and Collett, T.S., 2003, Geochemistry of natural gas, North Slope, Alaska: Implications for gas resources, NPRA (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-41, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr0341.","productDescription":"HTML Document","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":179158,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":406328,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_54429.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":4489,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/of03-041/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"North Slope","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -161.88,\n 69\n ],\n [\n -148.1667,\n 69\n ],\n [\n -148.1667,\n 71.39\n ],\n [\n -161.88,\n 71.39\n ],\n [\n -161.88,\n 69\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ee4b07f02db6aaa3e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burruss, Robert A. 0000-0001-6827-804X burruss@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6827-804X","contributorId":558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burruss","given":"Robert","email":"burruss@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":243728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lillis, Paul G. 0000-0002-7508-1699 plillis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7508-1699","contributorId":1817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lillis","given":"Paul","email":"plillis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":243730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Collett, Timothy S. 0000-0002-7598-4708 tcollett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7598-4708","contributorId":1698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collett","given":"Timothy","email":"tcollett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":243729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":51481,"text":"ofr0357 - 2003 - Results of elemental and stable isotopic measurements, and dietary composition of Arctic grayling (Thymallus arcticus) collected in 2000 and 2001 from the Fortymile River Watershed, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-22T11:30:44","indexId":"ofr0357","displayToPublicDate":"2003-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-57","title":"Results of elemental and stable isotopic measurements, and dietary composition of Arctic grayling (Thymallus arcticus) collected in 2000 and 2001 from the Fortymile River Watershed, Alaska","docAbstract":"We report the results of the elemental and stable isotopic analyses, as well as the composition of stomach contents, of Arctic grayling (Thymallus arcticus), an ecologically important resident freshwater sport and subsistence fish in the Fortymile River Mining District of the Interior Highlands Ecoregion in eastern Alaska. These data are presented here as a data compilation with minimal interpretation or discussion. Further analyses of the data will be presented elsewhere. The study area has been mined for placer gold for over a century and is currently experiencing renewed mineral exploration activity. The results for the analysis of 40 inorganic elements are reported for grayling muscle (fillet) tissue, liver tissue, and stomach contents from 34 individuals caught at 11 sites within the watershed. The 11 sites were classified as occurring within the following lithologies: metavolcanic (7 sites), metasedimentary (3 sites), and granitic intrusion (1 site). This information (along with fish tissue stable isotope data) is critical in the assessment of the influence of regional lithology on the fish chemical composition, especially the trace metal content. We report the nitrogen, carbon, and sulfur stable isotope composition of muscle samples. Nitrogen isotopes appear homogeneous (d15N = 7.6 to 9.7 permil) whereas carbon and sulfur isotope compositions of the same samples span a range from d 13C = ?33.1 to ?25.8 permil, and d 34S = ?8.4 to 8.2 permil. Stomach content material was examined for the occurrence and frequency of macroinvertebrate composition and diversity in three individual fish. Results showed a high degree of diversity with 9 to 15 invertebrate taxa; both aquatic and terrestrial forms were represented.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr0357","usgsCitation":"Crock, J., Seal, R., Gough, L.P., and Weber-Scannell, P., 2003, Results of elemental and stable isotopic measurements, and dietary composition of Arctic grayling (Thymallus arcticus) collected in 2000 and 2001 from the Fortymile River Watershed, Alaska (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-57, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr0357.","productDescription":"28 p.","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":178248,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":4482,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/ofr-03-057/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a49e4b07f02db6246e4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crock, J.G.","contributorId":58236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crock","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":243703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Seal, R.R. II","contributorId":102097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seal","given":"R.R.","suffix":"II","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":243706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gough, L. P.","contributorId":64198,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gough","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":243704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Weber-Scannell, P.","contributorId":97981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weber-Scannell","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":243705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":51492,"text":"ofr0339 - 2003 - Brookian stratigraphic plays in the National Petroleum Reserve - Alaska (NPRA)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:30","indexId":"ofr0339","displayToPublicDate":"2003-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-39","title":"Brookian stratigraphic plays in the National Petroleum Reserve - Alaska (NPRA)","docAbstract":"The Brookian megasequence in the National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska (NPRA) includes bottomset and clinoform seismic facies of the Torok Formation (mostly Albian age) and generally coeval, topset seismic facies of the uppermost Torok Formation and the Nanushuk Group. These strata are part of a composite total petroleum system involving hydrocarbons expelled from three stratigraphic intervals of source rocks, the Lower Cretaceous gamma-ray zone (GRZ), the Lower Jurassic Kingak Shale, and the Triassic Shublik Formation. The potential for undiscovered oil and gas resources in the Brookian megasequence in NPRA was assessed by defining five plays (assessment units), one in the topset seismic facies and four in the bottomset-clinoform seismic facies.\r\n\r\nThe Brookian Topset Play is estimated to contain between 60 (95-percent probability) and 465 (5-percent probability) million barrels of technically recoverable oil, with a mean (expected value) of 239 million barrels. The Brookian Topset Play is estimated to contain between 0 (95-percent probability) and 679 (5-percent probability) billion cubic feet of technically recoverable, nonassociated natural gas, with a mean (expected value) of 192 billion cubic feet.\r\n\r\nThe Brookian Clinoform North Play, which extends across northern NPRA, is estimated to contain between 538 (95-percent probability) and 2,257 (5-percent probability) million barrels of technically recoverable oil, with a mean (expected value) of 1,306 million barrels. The Brookian Clinoform North Play is estimated to contain between 0 (95-percent probability) and 1,969 (5-percent probability) billion cubic feet of technically recoverable, nonassociated natural gas, with a mean (expected value) of 674 billion cubic feet.\r\n\r\nThe Brookian Clinoform Central Play, which extends across central NPRA, is estimated to contain between 299 (95-percent probability) and 1,849 (5-percent probability) million barrels of technically recoverable oil, with a mean (expected value) of 973 million barrels. The Brookian Clinoform Central Play is estimated to contain between 1,806 (95-percent probability) and 10,076 (5-percent probability) billion cubic feet of technically recoverable, nonassociated natural gas, with a mean (expected value) of 5,405 billion cubic feet.\r\n\r\nThe Brookian Clinoform South-Shallow Play is estimated to contain between 0 (95-percent probability) and 1,254 (5-percent probability) million barrels of technically recoverable oil, with a mean (expected value) of 508 million barrels. The Brookian Clinoform South-Shallow Play is estimated to contain between 0 (95-percent probability) and 5,809 (5-percent probability) billion cubic feet of technically recoverable, nonassociated natural gas, with a mean (expected value) of 2,405 billion cubic feet.\r\n\r\nThe Brookian Clinoform South-Deep Play is estimated to contain between 0 (95-percent probability) and 8,796 (5-percent probability) billion cubic feet of technically recoverable, nonassociated natural gas, with a mean (expected value) of 3,788 billion cubic feet. No technically recoverable oil is assessed in the Brookian Clinoform South-Deep Play, as it lies at depths that are entirely in the gas window. \r\n\r\nAmong the Brookian stratigraphic plays in NPRA, the Brookian Clinoform North Play and the Brookian Clinoform Central Play are most likely to be objectives of exploration activity in the near-term future because they are estimated to contain multiple oil accumulations larger than 128 million barrels technically recoverable oil, and because some of those accumulations may occur near existing infrastructure in the eastern parts of the plays. The other Brookian stratigraphic plays are not likely to be the focus of exploration activity because they are estimated to contain maximum accumulation sizes that are smaller, but they may be an objective of satellite exploration if infrastructure is extended into the play areas. The total volumes of natural gas estimated to occur in B","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr0339","usgsCitation":"Houseknecht, D.W., 2003, Brookian stratigraphic plays in the National Petroleum Reserve - Alaska (NPRA) (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-39, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr0339.","productDescription":"19 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":179160,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":4491,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/of03-039/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb33b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Houseknecht, David W. 0000-0002-9633-6910 dhouse@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9633-6910","contributorId":645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Houseknecht","given":"David","email":"dhouse@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":243732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":47828,"text":"fs01503 - 2003 - A proposal for upgrading the National-Scale Soil Geochemical Database for the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-14T19:38:20.160741","indexId":"fs01503","displayToPublicDate":"2003-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"015-03","title":"A proposal for upgrading the National-Scale Soil Geochemical Database for the United States","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/fs01503","usgsCitation":"Smith, D., Goldhaber, M.B., Wilson, M.A., and Burt, R., 2003, A proposal for upgrading the National-Scale Soil Geochemical Database for the United States (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 015-03, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs01503.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":4034,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/fs-015-03/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":120222,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_015_03.jpg"}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a916c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, David B. 0000-0001-8396-9105 dsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8396-9105","contributorId":1274,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"David B.","email":"dsmith@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":236327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goldhaber, Martin B. 0000-0002-1785-4243 mgold@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1785-4243","contributorId":1339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldhaber","given":"Martin","email":"mgold@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":236328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wilson, Michael A.","contributorId":66335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Burt, Rebecca","contributorId":41500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burt","given":"Rebecca","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70185210,"text":"70185210 - 2003 - Natural gas hydrate in oceanic and permafrost environments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-16T11:34:57","indexId":"70185210","displayToPublicDate":"2003-02-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"title":"Natural gas hydrate in oceanic and permafrost environments","docAbstract":"THE BEGINNINGS OF HYDRATE RESEARCH Until very recently, our understanding of hydrate in the natural environment and its impact on seafloor stability, its importance as a sequester of methane, and its potential as an important mechanism in the Earth's climate change system, was masked by our lack of appreciation of the vastness of the hydrate resource. Only a few publications on naturally occurring hydrate existed prior to 1975. The first published reference to oceanic gas hydrate (Bryan and Markl, 1966) and the first publication in the scientific literature (Stoll, et a1., 1971) show how recently it has been since the topic of naturally occurring hydrate has been raised. Recently, however, the number of hydrate publications has increased substantially, reflecting increased research into hydrate topics and the initiation of funding to support the researchers. Awareness of the existence of naturally occurring gas hydrate now has spread beyond the few scientific enthusiasts who pursued knowledge about the elusive hydrate because of simple interest and lurking suspicions that hydrate would prove to be an important topic. The first national conference on gas hydrate in the U.S. was held as recently as April, 1991 at the U.S. National Center of the U.s. Geological Survey in Reston Virginia (Max et al., 1991). The meeting was co-hosted by the U.s. Geological Survey, the Naval Research Laboratory, and the U.S.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","usgsCitation":"Max, M.D., 2003, Natural gas hydrate in oceanic and permafrost environments, 378 p.","productDescription":"378 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":337726,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"tableOfContents":"Natural Gas Hydrate: Background and History of Discovery
Pages 9-16
Practical Physical Chemistry and Empirical Predictions of Methane Hydrate Stability
Pages 17-28
Thermal State of the Gas Hydrate Reservoir
Pages 29-42
Permafrost-Associated Gas Hydrate
Pages 43-60
Oceanic Gas Hydrate
Pages 61-76
The Role of Methane Hydrate in Ocean Carbon Chemistry and Biogeochemical Cycling
Pages 77-90
Deep Biosphere: Source of Methane for Oceanic Hydrate
Pages 91-104
Movement and Accumulation of Methane in Marine Sediments: Relation to Gas Hydrate Systems
Pages 105-122
Natural Gas Hydrate as a Potential Energy Resource
Pages 123-136
Climatic Impact of Natural Gas Hydrate
Pages 137-148
Potential Role of Gas Hydrate Decomposition in Generating Submarine Slope Failures
Pages 149-156
The U.S. Atlantic Continental Margin; the Best-Known Gas Hydrate Locality
Pages 157-170
Gas Hydrate in the Arctic and Northern North Atlantic Oceans
Pages 171-182
Cascadia Margin, Northeast Pacific Ocean: Hydrate Distribution from Geophysical Investigations
Pages 183-198
The Occurrence of BSRs on the Antarctic Margin
Pages 199-212
Gas Hydrate Potential of the Indian Sector of the NE Arabian Sea and Northern Indian Ocean
Pages 213-224
Hydrate as a Future Energy Resource for Japan
Pages 225-238
A Note on Gas Hydrate in the Northern Sector of the South China Sea
Pages 239-244
Introduction to Physical Properties and Elasticity Models
Pages 245-260
Geophysical Sensing and Hydrate
Pages 261-274
Seismic Methods for Detecting and Quantifying Marine Methane Hydrate/Free Gas Reservoirs
Pages 275-294
Ground Truth: In-Situ Properties of Hydrate
Pages 295-310
GHASTLI — Determining Physical Properties of Sediment Containing Natural and Laboratory-Formed Gas Hydrate
Pages 311-322
Laboratory synthesis of pure methane hydrate suitable for measurement of physical properties and decomposition behavior
Pages 323-348
Economic Perspective of Methane from Hydrate
Pages 349-360
Hydrate Resource, Methane Fuel, and a Gas-Based Economy?
Pages 361-370
Sea Floor Venting and Gas Hydrate Accumulation
Map Scale: 1:24,000
Map Type: colored geologic map
The Hiller Mountains Quadrangle straddles Virgin Canyon in the eastern part of Lake Mead. Proterozoic gneisses and granitoid rocks underlie much of the quadrangle. They are overlain by upper Miocene basin-filling deposits of arkosic conglomerate, basalt, and the overlying Hualapai Limestone. Inception of the Colorado River followed deposition of the Hualapai Limestone and caused incision of the older rocks. Fluvial gravel deposits indicate various courses of the early river across passes through highlands of the Gold Butte-Hiller Mountains-White Hills structural block. Faults and tilted rocks in the quadrangle record tectonic extension that climaxed in middle Miocene time.
Map Scale: 1:24,000
Map Type: colored geologic map
A 1:24,000-scale, full-color geologic map of the Willow CreekReservoir 7.5-minute SE Quadrangle in Elko, Eureka, and LanderCounties, Nevada, with two cross sections and descriptions of 24 rock units. Accompanying text discusses the geology, paleogeography, and formation of the Ivanhoe Hg-Au district.
No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geosciences Institute ","issn":"1087-3015 ","usgsCitation":"Tepordei, V.V., and Naghdi, F., 2003, USGS's top aggregate producers list: Aggregates Manager, v. 7, no. 10, p. 28-30.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"28","endPage":"30","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":335710,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58a6c83ce4b025c4642862e2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tepordei, Valentin V.","contributorId":94295,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tepordei","given":"Valentin","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Naghdi, Feri","contributorId":181812,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Naghdi","given":"Feri","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70169864,"text":"70169864 - 2003 - Mitochondrial phylogeography of moose (Alces alces) in North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-08T15:49:53.133627","indexId":"70169864","displayToPublicDate":"2003-02-10T11:30:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2373,"text":"Journal of Mammalogy","onlineIssn":"1545-1542","printIssn":"0022-2372","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Mitochondrial phylogeography of moose (Alces alces) in North America","title":"Mitochondrial phylogeography of moose (Alces alces) in North America","docAbstract":"Nucleotide variation was assessed from the mitochondrial control region of North American moose (Alces alces) to test predictions of a model of range expansion by stepping-stone dispersal and to determine whether patterns of genetic variation support the current recognition of 4 subspecies. Haplotypes formed a star phylogeny indicative of a recent expansion of populations. Values of nucleotide and haplotype diversity were low continentwide but were greatest in the central part of the continent and lowest in peripheral populations. Despite low mitochondrial diversity, moose exhibited a high degree of differentiation regionally, which was not explained by isolation by distance. Our data indicate a pattern of colonization consistent with a large central population that supplied founders to peripheral populations (other than Alaska), perhaps through rare, long-distance dispersal events (leptokurtic dispersal) rather than mass dispersal by a stepping-stone model. The colonization scenario does not account for the low haplotype diversity observed in Alaska, which may be derived from a postcolonization bottleneck. Establishment of peripheral populations by leptokurtic dispersal and subsequent local adaptation may have been sufficient for development of morphological differentiation among extant subspecies.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Mammalogists","publisherLocation":"Provo, UT","doi":"10.1644/1545-1542(2003)084<0718:MPOMAA>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Hundertmark, K.J., Bowyer, R., Shields, G.F., and Schwartz, C.C., 2003, Mitochondrial phylogeography of moose (Alces alces) in North America: Journal of Mammalogy, v. 84, no. 2, p. 718-728, https://doi.org/10.1644/1545-1542(2003)084<0718:MPOMAA>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"718","endPage":"728","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488265,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1644/1545-1542(2003)084<0718:mpomaa>2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":319545,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"North 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America\"}}]}","volume":"84","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56fa55ffe4b0a6037df0ab3c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hundertmark, Kris J.","contributorId":150026,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hundertmark","given":"Kris","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":625375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bowyer, R. Terry","contributorId":9533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowyer","given":"R. Terry","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":625376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shields, Gerald F.","contributorId":149916,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shields","given":"Gerald","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":13117,"text":"Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":625377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schwartz, Charles C.","contributorId":124574,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schwartz","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":5119,"text":"Retired from U.S. Geological Survey, Interagency Grizzly Bear Study Team, Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center, 2327 University Way, suite 2, Bozeman, MT 59715","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":625378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70181826,"text":"70181826 - 2003 - Geologic map of the Bobs Flat Quadrangle, Eureka County, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-14T14:39:20","indexId":"70181826","displayToPublicDate":"2003-02-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Geologic map of the Bobs Flat Quadrangle, Eureka County, Nevada","docAbstract":"Map Scale: 1:24,000
Map Type: colored geologic map
A 1:24,000-scale, full-color geologic map of the Bobs Flat Quadrangle in Eureka County with one cross section and descriptions of 28 geologic units. Accompanying text describes the geologic history and structural geology of the quadrangle.
Fluvial erosion of bedrock occurs during occasional flood events when boundary shear stress exceeds a critical threshold to initiate incision. Therefore efforts to model the evolution of topography over long timescales should include an erosion threshold and should be driven by a stochastic distribution of erosive events. However, most bedrock incision models ignore the threshold as a second‐order detail. In addition, climate is poorly represented in most landscape evolution models, so the quantitative relationship between erosion rate and measurable climatic variables has been elusive. Here we show that the presence of an erosion threshold, when combined with a well‐constrained, probabilistic model of storm and flood occurrence, has first‐order implications for the dynamics of river incision in tectonically active areas. First, we make a direct calculation of the critical shear stress required to pluck bedrock blocks for a field site in New York. Second, we apply a recently proposed stochastic, threshold, bedrock incision model to a series of streams in California, with known tectonic and climatic forcing. Previous work in the area has identified a weak relationship between channel gradient or relief and rock uplift rate that is not easily explained by simpler detachment‐limited models. The results with the stochastic threshold model show that even low erosion thresholds, which are exceeded in steep channels during high‐frequency flood events, fundamentally affect the predicted relationship between gradient and uplift rate in steady state rivers, in a manner consistent with the observed topography. This correspondence between theory and data is, however, nonunique; models in which a thin alluvial cover may act to inhibit channel incision in the low uplift rate zone also provide plausible explanations for the observed topography. Third, we explore the broader implications of the stochastic threshold model to the development of fluvial topography in active tectonic settings. We suggest that continued field applications of geomorphic models, including physically meaningful thresholds and stochastic climate distributions, are required to advance our knowledge of interactions among surficial, climatic, and crustal processes.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2001JB001655","usgsCitation":"Snyder, N.P., Whipple, K.X., Tucker, G., and Merritts, D., 2003, Importance of a stochastic distribution of floods and erosion thresholds in the bedrock river incision problem: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 108, no. B2, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JB001655.","productDescription":"15 p.","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478366,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2001jb001655","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":357790,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","volume":"108","issue":"B2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-02-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10ed10e4b034bf6a803a85","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Snyder, Noah P.","contributorId":198029,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Snyder","given":"Noah","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":746399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Whipple, Kelin X.","contributorId":138503,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Whipple","given":"Kelin","email":"","middleInitial":"X.","affiliations":[{"id":12431,"text":"ASU","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":746400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tucker, Gregory E.","contributorId":39280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tucker","given":"Gregory E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":746401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Merritts, D.J.","contributorId":73766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merritts","given":"D.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":746402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70202122,"text":"70202122 - 2003 - Compositional analyses of lunar pyroclastic deposits","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-11T13:03:50","indexId":"70202122","displayToPublicDate":"2003-02-01T13:02:10","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Compositional analyses of lunar pyroclastic deposits","docAbstract":"The 5-band Clementine UVVIS data at ∼100 m/pixel were used to examine the compositions of 75 large and small lunar pyroclastic deposits (LPDs), and these were compared to representative lunar maria and highlands deposits. Results show that the albedo, spectral color, and inferred composition of most LPDs are similar to those of low-titanium, mature lunar maria. These LPDs may have consisted largely of fragmented basalt, with substantial components of iron-bearing mafic minerals (pyroxenes, olivine) and smaller amounts (if any) of volcanic glass. Several smaller LPDs also show substantial highland components. Three classes of very large deposits can be distinguished from most LPDs and from each other on the basis of crystallinity and possible titanium content of their pyroclastic components. One class has spectral properties that are dominated by high-titanium, crystallized “black beads” (e.g., Taurus–Littrow), a second consists of a mixture of high-titanium glasses and beads with a higher glass/bead ratio (Sulpicius Gallus) than that of Taurus–Littrow, and a third has a significant component of quenched iron-bearing volcanic glasses (Aristarchus) with possible moderate titanium contents. Although areally extensive, these three classes of very large pyroclastic deposits compose only 20 of the 75 deposits studied (∼27%), and eruption of such materials was thus likely to have been less frequent on the Moon.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0019-1035(02)00036-2","usgsCitation":"Gaddis, L.R., Staid, M.I., Tyburczy, J.A., Hawke, B.R., and Petro, N.E., 2003, Compositional analyses of lunar pyroclastic deposits: Icarus, v. 161, no. 2, p. 262-280, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0019-1035(02)00036-2.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"262","endPage":"280","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":361138,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Moon","volume":"161","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gaddis, Lisa R. 0000-0001-9953-5483 lgaddis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9953-5483","contributorId":2817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaddis","given":"Lisa","email":"lgaddis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":756964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Staid, Matthew I.","contributorId":79761,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Staid","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":756965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tyburczy, James A.","contributorId":213119,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tyburczy","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":756966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hawke, B. Ray","contributorId":76570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hawke","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"Ray","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":756967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Petro, Noah E.","contributorId":193909,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Petro","given":"Noah","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":756968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":40090,"text":"ofr02490 - 2003 - Correlation of the Klamath Mountains and Sierra Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-23T15:21:04.454118","indexId":"ofr02490","displayToPublicDate":"2003-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-490","title":"Correlation of the Klamath Mountains and Sierra Nevada","docAbstract":"This report graphically portrays the broadly parallel tectonic development of the Klamath Mountains and Sierra Nevada from early Paleozoic to Early Cretaceous time. It is dedicated to J.S. Diller of the U.S. Geological Survey who, during his pioneer field studies a century ago, recognized significant similarities between these two important provinces. The report is based mainly on the numerous published reports of the field and laboratory studies by various geologists and students during the last century, and to a lesser extent on my own field work which has been substantial in the Klamath Mountains but minimal in the Sierra Nevada. For brevity, required by the format of this report, little of the extensive literature pertaining to these two provinces is referenced. This report is preliminary in nature and was prepared as an aid to further study of the tectonic relations between the Klamath Mountains and Sierra Nevada. This report consists of two sheets: Sheet 1, Map showing accreted terranes and plutons of the Klamath Mountains and Sierra Nevada, and Sheet 2, Successive accretionary episodes of the Klamath mountains and northern part of Sierra Nevada, showing related plutonic, volcanic, and metamorphic events. The map on Sheet 1 was compiled and modified from two Open-File maps (Irwin and Wooden, 1999 and 2001) which had been compiled and modified mainly from Jennings (1977), Harwood (1992), Irwin (1994), Jayko (1988), Graymer and Jones (1994), Edelman and Sharp (1989), Schweickert and others (1999), Saucedo and Wagner(1992), Saleeby and Sharp (1980), Wagner and others (1981), and various other sources. For detailed lists of the sources for the isotopic age data used in Sheets 1 and 2, see Irwin and Wooden (1999 and 2001). On Sheet 2, the accretionary episodes are shown sequentially from left to right in two tiers of figures. Episodes for the Klamath Mountains are in the upper tier; correlative episodes of the Sierra Nevada are directly below in the lower tier. The sequence shown for the Klamath Mountains is modified from Irwin and Mankinen (1998) and Irwin and Wooden (1999). The episodes are named for the accreting terranes of the Klamath Mountains, but those names may not be suitable for reference to the correlative episodes of the Sierra Nevada. In the figure for each episode, a heavy black line represents the active suture that separated oceanic crustal rocks on the left from the earlier accreted terranes on the right. Plutons are particularly useful for timing the accretionary episodes. The preaccretionary plutons, which commonly represent the roots of oceanic volcanic arcs, are shown in the accreting oceanic crustal rocks to the left of the heavy black line. The accretionary plutons consist of rock that has been subducted and remobilized as magma during the accretionary process and injected into an overlying earlier accreted terrane on the right of the heavy black line. Thus, isotopic dating of the accretionary plutons (preferably U/Pb dates measured on zircon extracted from the plutonic rock) provides a useful basis for assigning ages to the accretionary episodes. Many plutons are rootless at depth, as they tend to be truncated by the subduction zone sutures of younger accreting terranes. Volcanic deposits resulting from accretionary episodes apparently are uncommon except for those deposited on the backstop terranes. In the Klamath Mountains, the Eastern Klamath terrane, which consists of the Yreka, Trinity and Redding subterranes, was the backstop for the Central Metamorphic and younger accretionary episodes, and displays a remarkable record of sedimentation, volcanism and plutonism from Silurian-Devonian to Jurassic time. In the Sierra Nevada, the correlative backstop was the Northern Sierra terrane which shows a similar long record of volcanism in the Taylorsville, Permian, and Jurassic volcanic arc sequences. During some accretionary episodes the subducting oceanic rocks were dynamically metamorphosed to schist along the suture zone beneath the overriding accreted terranes. Examples of this in the Klamath Mountains are the Devonian Salmon and Abrams Schists of the Central Metamorphic terrane, the Triassic(?) schist of the Fort Jones terrane , and the Early Cretaceous South Fork Mountain Schist that structurally underlies Klamath Mountains terranes along much of the western edge of the province. The Fort Jones terrane and South Fork Mountains Schist were metamorphosed under blueschist-facies conditions. In the Sierra Nevada, schist that is correlative with the Central Metamorphic terrane is present in patches along the Feather River terrane (see Hacker and Peacock, 1990); the Triassic(?) Red Ant Schist is correlative with the Fort Jones terrane; but a correlative of the South Fork Mountain Schist is not present. In addition to the similarities in the sequences of accretion, plutonism, volcanism, and metamorphism, strong ties between the two provinces are also provided by paleontologic data. The Permian McCloud fusulinid fauna of the Redding subterrane also is present in the Northern Sierra terrane. Rare Tethyan fusulinids are found in Permian limestone of the Eastern Hayfork terrane of the Klamath Mountains and also in limestone blocks in the Central Belt of the Sierra Nevada. Ichthyosaur fossils have been collected from the Triassic of both the Redding subterrane and Northern Sierra terrane. Jurassic ammonites and the pelecypod Buchia concentrica occur in both the Galice Formation of the western Klamath Mountains and the Mariposa Formation of the western Sierra Nevada. Events that preceded the Central Metamorphic episode prior to Silurian-Devonian time are not clearly understood and are not shown in the succession of diagrams on Sheet 2. The oldest rocks of the Klamath Mountains are Neoproterozic and they predate the Central Metamorphic episode by possibly a hundred million years or more. They include ophiolitic rocks of the Trinity subterrane and the Antelope Mountain Quartzite of the Yreka subterrane (see Mankinen and others, 2002). In the Sierra Nevada, correlatives of the ancient ophiolitic rocks may be part of the Feather River terrane. Although Neoproterozoic fossils have not yet been found in the Sierra Nevada, petrologic study shows the quartzite of the Lang sequence is closely similar to the Antelope Mountain Quartzite (see Bond and Devay, 1980). Correlation of the two quartzite formations is also suggested by the similarity of their positions in the accretionary sequence.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr02490","usgsCitation":"Irwin, W., 2003, Correlation of the Klamath Mountains and Sierra Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-490, 2 Plates: 39.10 x 38.30 inches and 39.35 x 33.80 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr02490.","productDescription":"2 Plates: 39.10 x 38.30 inches and 39.35 x 33.80 inches","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":169671,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr02490.jpg"},{"id":285188,"rank":2,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0490/of02-490_s2.eps"},{"id":285187,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0490/of02-490_s1.eps"},{"id":3542,"rank":6,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0490/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":110383,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_54412.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"54412"},{"id":285185,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0490/pdf/of02-490_s1.pdf","text":"Plate 1","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":285186,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0490/pdf/of02-490_s2.pdf","text":"Plate 2","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"1000000","country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Klamath Mountains, Sierra Nevada","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.0,34.75 ], [ -124.0,43.0 ], [ -117.0,43.0 ], [ -117.0,34.75 ], [ -124.0,34.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad7e4b07f02db684563","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Irwin, William P.","contributorId":12889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Irwin","given":"William P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":222964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":47416,"text":"fs01203 - 2003 - ANSS: Advanced National Seismic System; advancing national seismic safety-accomplishments FY2002","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:24","indexId":"fs01203","displayToPublicDate":"2003-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"012-03","title":"ANSS: Advanced National Seismic System; advancing national seismic safety-accomplishments FY2002","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/fs01203","usgsCitation":"McCarthy, J., 2003, ANSS: Advanced National Seismic System; advancing national seismic safety-accomplishments FY2002 (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 012-03, 1 sheet ([2] p.) : col. maps ; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs01203.","productDescription":"1 sheet ([2] p.) : col. maps ; 28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":122014,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_012_03.bmp"},{"id":3980,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/fs-012-03/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a48cd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCarthy, Jill jmccarthy@usgs.gov","contributorId":2732,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCarthy","given":"Jill","email":"jmccarthy@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":235280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":47413,"text":"fs15802 - 2003 - Coal-bed gas resources of the Rocky Mountain region","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":30686,"text":"fs11001 - 2001 - Coal-bed gas resources of the Rocky Mountain region","indexId":"fs11001","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"title":"Coal-bed gas resources of the Rocky Mountain region"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":47413,"text":"fs15802 - 2003 - Coal-bed gas resources of the Rocky Mountain region","indexId":"fs15802","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"title":"Coal-bed gas resources of the Rocky Mountain region"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:23","indexId":"fs15802","displayToPublicDate":"2003-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"158-02","title":"Coal-bed gas resources of the Rocky Mountain region","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/fs15802","usgsCitation":"Schenk, C.J., Nuccio, V., Flores, R.M., Johnson, R.C., Roberts, S.B., Finn, T., and Ridgley, J., 2003, Coal-bed gas resources of the Rocky Mountain region (Supersedes Fact Sheet 110-01): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 158-02, 1 sheet ([2] p.) : col. ill., col. map ; 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F.","contributorId":7713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nuccio","given":"V. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":235268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Flores, R. M.","contributorId":106899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flores","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":235274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johnson, R. C. 0000-0002-6197-5165","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6197-5165","contributorId":101621,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"R.","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":235273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Roberts, S. B.","contributorId":25143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roberts","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":235269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Finn, T.M. 0000-0001-6396-9351","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6396-9351","contributorId":65495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finn","given":"T.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":235270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ridgley, J.","contributorId":95547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ridgley","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":235272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":50866,"text":"ofr0315 - 2003 - A Rapid Array Mobilization Procedure (RAMP) agreement for the central United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:29","indexId":"ofr0315","displayToPublicDate":"2003-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-15","title":"A Rapid Array Mobilization Procedure (RAMP) agreement for the central United States","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr0315","usgsCitation":"Bodin, P., Pavlis, G., Schweig, E., and Gomberg, J., 2003, A Rapid Array Mobilization Procedure (RAMP) agreement for the central United States (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-15, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr0315.","productDescription":"21 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":178311,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":4635,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/ofr-03-015","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4965e4b0b290850ef1f9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bodin, Paul","contributorId":104142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bodin","given":"Paul","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pavlis, Gary","contributorId":101319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pavlis","given":"Gary","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schweig, Eugene","contributorId":21942,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schweig","given":"Eugene","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gomberg, Joan","contributorId":77919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gomberg","given":"Joan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":51495,"text":"ofr0334 - 2003 - Rainfall and groundwater level monitoring data (1981-1984) at Weeks Creek landslide, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:30","indexId":"ofr0334","displayToPublicDate":"2003-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-34","title":"Rainfall and groundwater level monitoring data (1981-1984) at Weeks Creek landslide, California","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr0334","usgsCitation":"Wieczorek, G.F., 2003, Rainfall and groundwater level monitoring data (1981-1984) at Weeks Creek landslide, California (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-34, table of data, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr0334.","productDescription":"table of data","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":179234,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":4494,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/of03-034/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db649880","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wieczorek, Gerald F.","contributorId":81889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wieczorek","given":"Gerald","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":243736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":51500,"text":"ofr0329 - 2003 - Design and construction of a gamma-ray spectrometer system for determining natural radioelement concentrations in geological samples at the U.S. Geological Survey in Reston, Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-26T08:46:57","indexId":"ofr0329","displayToPublicDate":"2003-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-29","title":"Design and construction of a gamma-ray spectrometer system for determining natural radioelement concentrations in geological samples at the U.S. Geological Survey in Reston, Virginia","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr0329","usgsCitation":"Snyder, S.L., and Duval, J.S., 2003, Design and construction of a gamma-ray spectrometer system for determining natural radioelement concentrations in geological samples at the U.S. Geological Survey in Reston, Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-29, Online Only, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr0329.","productDescription":"Online Only","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":179239,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":4497,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/of03-029/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa9e4b07f02db667ed4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Snyder, Stephen L. ssnyder@usgs.gov","contributorId":4753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snyder","given":"Stephen","email":"ssnyder@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":5068,"text":"Midwest Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":243746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Duval, Joseph S.","contributorId":22314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duval","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":243747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":50867,"text":"ofr0317 - 2003 - Preliminary soil-slip susceptibility maps, southwestern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-23T15:17:41.159722","indexId":"ofr0317","displayToPublicDate":"2003-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-17","title":"Preliminary soil-slip susceptibility maps, southwestern California","docAbstract":"This group of maps shows relative susceptibility of hill slopes to the initiation sites of rainfall-triggered soil slip-debris flows in southwestern California. As such, the maps offer a partial answer to one part of the three parts necessary to predict the soil-slip/debris-flow process. A complete prediction of the process would include assessments of “where”, “when”, and “how big”. These maps empirically show part of the “where” of prediction (i.e., relative susceptibility to sites of initiation of the soil slips) but do not attempt to show the extent of run out of the resultant debris flows. Some information pertinent to “when” the process might begin is developed. “When” is determined mostly by dynamic factors such as rainfall rate and duration, for which local variations are not amenable to long-term prediction. “When” information is not provided on the maps but is described later in this narrative. The prediction of “how big” is addressed indirectly by restricting the maps to a single type of landslide process—soil slip-debris flows.
\nThe susceptibility maps were created through an iterative process from two kinds of information. First, locations of sites of past soil slips were obtained from inventory maps of past events. Aerial photographs, taken during six rainy seasons that produced abundant soil slips, were used as the basis for soil slip-debris flow inventory. Second, digital elevation models (DEM) of the areas that were inventoried were used to analyze the spatial characteristics of soil slip locations. These data were supplemented by observations made on the ground. Certain physical attributes of the locations of the soil-slip debris flows were found to be important and others were not. The most important attribute was the mapped bedrock formation at the site of initiation of the soil slip. However, because the soil slips occur in surficial materials overlying the bedrocks units, the bedrock formation can only serve as a surrogate for the susceptibility of the overlying surficial materials.
\nThe maps of susceptibility were created from those physical attributes learned to be important from the inventories. The multiple inventories allow a model to be created from one set of inventory data and evaluated with others. The resultant maps of relative susceptibility represent the best estimate generated from available inventory and DEM data.
\nSlope and aspect values used in the susceptibility analysis were 10-meter DEM cells at a scale of 1:24,000. For most of the area 10-meter DEMs were available; for those quadrangles that have only 30-meter DEMs, the 30-meter DEMS were resampled to 10-meters to maintain resolution of 10-meter cells. Geologic unit values used in the susceptibility analysis were five-meter cells. For convenience, the soil slip susceptibility values are assembled on 1:100,000-scale bases. Any area of the 1:100,000-scale maps can be transferred to 1:24,000-scale base without any loss of accuracy. Figure 32 is an example of part of a 1:100,000-scale susceptibility map transferred back to a 1:24,000-scale quadrangle.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Menlo Park, CA","doi":"10.3133/ofr0317","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the California Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Morton, D.M., Alvarez, R.M., Campbell, R., Bovard, K.R., Brown, D.T., Corriea, K.M., and Lesser, J.N., 2003, Preliminary soil-slip susceptibility maps, southwestern California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-17, Report: 14 p.; 7 Plates: 41.0 x 36.0 inches or smaller; Readme; Metadata, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr0317.","productDescription":"Report: 14 p.; 7 Plates: 41.0 x 36.0 inches or smaller; Readme; Metadata","numberOfPages":"46","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":178312,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr0317.jpg"},{"id":4636,"rank":12,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0017/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":110376,"rank":13,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_54144.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"54144"},{"id":285239,"rank":11,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0017/README.doc"},{"id":285250,"rank":10,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0017/pdf/plate7.pdf","text":"Plate 7","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":285249,"rank":9,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0017/pdf/plate6.pdf","text":"Plate 6","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":285248,"rank":8,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0017/pdf/plate5.pdf","text":"Plate 5","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":285247,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0017/pdf/plate4.pdf","text":"Plate 4","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":285246,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0017/pdf/plate3.pdf","text":"Plate 3","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":285245,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0017/pdf/plate2.pdf","text":"Plate 2","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":285244,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0017/pdf/plate1.pdf","text":"Plate 1","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":285240,"rank":3,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0017/sus_met.txt"},{"id":285238,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0017/pdf/of03-17.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"100000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection","country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -121.0,32.5 ], [ -121.0,35.5 ], [ -115.0,35.5 ], [ -115.0,32.5 ], [ -121.0,32.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67c0ae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morton, Douglas M. scamp@usgs.gov","contributorId":4102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morton","given":"Douglas","email":"scamp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":242500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Alvarez, Rachel M.","contributorId":74451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alvarez","given":"Rachel","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Campbell, Russell H.","contributorId":91074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"Russell H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bovard, Kelly R.","contributorId":49009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bovard","given":"Kelly","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Brown, D. T.","contributorId":34196,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Corriea, K. M.","contributorId":81981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Corriea","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lesser, J. N.","contributorId":102563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lesser","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":51497,"text":"ofr0332 - 2003 - Water-quality, bed-sediment, and biological data, for streams in the upper Prickly Pear Creek watershed, Montana, 2001","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-05T10:49:24","indexId":"ofr0332","displayToPublicDate":"2003-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-32","title":"Water-quality, bed-sediment, and biological data, for streams in the upper Prickly Pear Creek watershed, Montana, 2001","docAbstract":"The upper Prickly Pear Creek watershed encompasses the upstream 15 miles of Prickly Pear Creek, south of Helena, Montana (fig. 1). The headwaters of Prickly Pear Creek and its tributaries (Beavertown Creek, Clancy Creek, Dutchman Creek, Golconda Creek, Lump Gulch, Spring Creek, and Warm Springs Creek) are primarily in the Helena National Forest, whereas the central part of the watershed primarily is within either Bureau of Land Management (BLM) or privately owned property. Three mining districts are present in the upper Prickly Pear Creek watershed: Alhambra, Clancy, and Colorado. Numerous prospects, adits, tailings piles, mills, dredge piles, and mines (mostly inactive) are located throughout the watershed. These districts contain polymetallic (Ag, Au, Cu, Pb, Zn) vein deposits and precious-metal (Au-Ag) vein and disseminated deposits that were exploited beginning in the 1860’s. Placer Au deposits in the major streams were extensively mined in the late 1800’s and early 1900’s.
As part of a cooperative effort with Federal land management agencies, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is currently using an integrated approach to investigate two mining impacted watersheds in the western United States (the Animas River in Colorado and the Boulder River in Montana). These studies provide the USDA Forest Service and BLM scientific data for implementing informed land-management decisions regarding cleanup of abandoned mine lands within each watershed. A similar integrated-science approach will be used to characterize the upper Prickly Pear Creek watershed with respect to water and streambed sediment chemistry, aquatic biota, and geologic framework. This integrated database presents data that will be used to identify important pathways of metals movement and biological impacts, thereby guiding resource management decisions of land-managers in several publications that are in preparation. Watershed-level characterization in terms of water quality, streambed sediment chemistry, and fish health will facilitate determinations of whether removal of contaminated materials or other cleanup activities are necessary, planning of short- and long-term restoration efforts, and development of a monitoring plan to document cleanup effectiveness.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr0332","usgsCitation":"Klein, T.L., Thamke, J., Harper, D., Farag, A.M., Nimick, D.A., and Fey, D.L., 2003, Water-quality, bed-sediment, and biological data, for streams in the upper Prickly Pear Creek watershed, Montana, 2001: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-32, 103 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr0332.","productDescription":"103 p.","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":179236,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":4495,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/ofr-03-032/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Upper Prickly Pear Creek Watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -113.148193359375,\n 45.21687321093267\n ],\n [\n -113.148193359375,\n 46.494610770689384\n ],\n [\n -110.731201171875,\n 46.494610770689384\n ],\n [\n -110.731201171875,\n 45.21687321093267\n ],\n [\n -113.148193359375,\n 45.21687321093267\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db69928a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Klein, Terry L. tklein@usgs.gov","contributorId":1244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klein","given":"Terry","email":"tklein@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":243742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thamke, Joanna N. 0000-0002-6917-1946 jothamke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6917-1946","contributorId":1012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thamke","given":"Joanna N.","email":"jothamke@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":243740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harper, David D.","contributorId":102946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harper","given":"David D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":243743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Farag, Aida M. 0000-0003-4247-6763 aida_farag@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4247-6763","contributorId":1139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farag","given":"Aida","email":"aida_farag@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":243741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nimick, David A. dnimick@usgs.gov","contributorId":421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nimick","given":"David","email":"dnimick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":573,"text":"Special Applications Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":243738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Fey, David L. dfey@usgs.gov","contributorId":713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fey","given":"David","email":"dfey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":243739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ]}