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","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs15702","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, and Uinta-Piceance Assessment Team, 2003, Assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources of the Uinta-Piceance Province of Colorado and Utah, 2002 (Version 1.0; Supersedes Fact Sheet 026-02): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 157-02, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs15702.","productDescription":"2 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":408130,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_54571.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":122012,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_157_02.jpg"},{"id":3977,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/fs-157-02/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, Utah","otherGeospatial":"Uinta-Piceance Province","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.654296875,\n 39.36827914916014\n ],\n [\n -107.40234375,\n 39.36827914916014\n ],\n [\n -107.40234375,\n 40.713955826286046\n ],\n [\n -110.654296875,\n 40.713955826286046\n ],\n [\n -110.654296875,\n 39.36827914916014\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0; Supersedes Fact Sheet 026-02","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66cf91","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":531740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Uinta-Piceance Assessment Team","contributorId":127879,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Uinta-Piceance Assessment Team","id":531739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70157060,"text":"70157060 - 2003 - On-orbit performance of the Landsat-7 ETM+ radiometric calibrators","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-10T11:14:42","indexId":"70157060","displayToPublicDate":"2003-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2068,"text":"International Journal of Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"On-orbit performance of the Landsat-7 ETM+ radiometric calibrators","docAbstract":"The Landsat-7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) incorporates two new devices to improve its absolute radiometric calibration: a Full Aperture Solar Calibrator (FASC) and a Partial Aperture Solar Calibrator (PASC). The FASC is a diffuser panel, typically deployed once per month. Initial FASC absolute calibration results were within 5% of the pre-launch calibrations. Over time, the responses of the ETM+ to the FASC have varied with the location viewed on the panel, suggesting a localized degradation or contamination of the panel. On the best part of the panel, the trends in response range from m 1.4% y m 1 (band 4) to +0.6% y m 1 (band 7), with band 5 showing the least change at m 0.4% y m 1 . Changes in the panel reflectance due to UV exposure are believed to be the origin of these trends. The PASC is a set of auxiliary optics that allows the ETM+ to image the Sun through reduced apertures. PASC data have normally been acquired on a daily basis. Unlike the FASC, the PASC has exhibited significant anomalies. During the first six months of operation, responses to the PASC increased up to 60%, sending bands 2, 3 and 8 into saturation (band 1 was saturated at launch). The short-wave infrared (SWIR) band individual detectors have shown variations up to - 20% in response to the PASC. The variation is different for each detector. After the first six months, the responses to the PASC have become more stable, with much of the variation related to the within-scan position of the solar image. Overall results to date for all calibrators and comparisons with vicarious calibrations indicate that most of the response variations have been due to the calibrators themselves and suggest that the instrument has been stable with changes in response of less than 0.5% y m 1 .
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/01431160304974","usgsCitation":"Markham, B.L., Barker, J.L., Kaita, E., Seiferth, J., and Morfitt, R., 2003, On-orbit performance of the Landsat-7 ETM+ radiometric calibrators: International Journal of Remote Sensing, v. 24, no. 2, p. 265-285, https://doi.org/10.1080/01431160304974.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"265","endPage":"285","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307917,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-11-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55e96f3fe4b0dacf699e7894","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Markham, Brian L. 0000-0002-9612-8169","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9612-8169","contributorId":121488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Markham","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":571386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barker, J. L.","contributorId":115996,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barker","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":571387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kaita, E.","contributorId":73777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaita","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":571388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Seiferth, J.","contributorId":147347,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Seiferth","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":571389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Morfitt, Ron 0000-0002-4777-4877 rmorfitt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4777-4877","contributorId":4097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morfitt","given":"Ron","email":"rmorfitt@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":571390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":51495,"text":"ofr0334 - 2003 - Rainfall and groundwater level monitoring data (1981-1984) at Weeks Creek landslide, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:30","indexId":"ofr0334","displayToPublicDate":"2003-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-34","title":"Rainfall and groundwater level monitoring data (1981-1984) at Weeks Creek landslide, California","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr0334","usgsCitation":"Wieczorek, G.F., 2003, Rainfall and groundwater level monitoring data (1981-1984) at Weeks Creek landslide, California (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-34, table of data, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr0334.","productDescription":"table of data","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":179234,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":4494,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/of03-034/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db649880","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wieczorek, Gerald F.","contributorId":81889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wieczorek","given":"Gerald","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":243736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":50867,"text":"ofr0317 - 2003 - Preliminary soil-slip susceptibility maps, southwestern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-23T15:17:41.159722","indexId":"ofr0317","displayToPublicDate":"2003-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-17","title":"Preliminary soil-slip susceptibility maps, southwestern California","docAbstract":"This group of maps shows relative susceptibility of hill slopes to the initiation sites of rainfall-triggered soil slip-debris flows in southwestern California. As such, the maps offer a partial answer to one part of the three parts necessary to predict the soil-slip/debris-flow process. A complete prediction of the process would include assessments of “where”, “when”, and “how big”. These maps empirically show part of the “where” of prediction (i.e., relative susceptibility to sites of initiation of the soil slips) but do not attempt to show the extent of run out of the resultant debris flows. Some information pertinent to “when” the process might begin is developed. “When” is determined mostly by dynamic factors such as rainfall rate and duration, for which local variations are not amenable to long-term prediction. “When” information is not provided on the maps but is described later in this narrative. The prediction of “how big” is addressed indirectly by restricting the maps to a single type of landslide process—soil slip-debris flows.
\nThe susceptibility maps were created through an iterative process from two kinds of information. First, locations of sites of past soil slips were obtained from inventory maps of past events. Aerial photographs, taken during six rainy seasons that produced abundant soil slips, were used as the basis for soil slip-debris flow inventory. Second, digital elevation models (DEM) of the areas that were inventoried were used to analyze the spatial characteristics of soil slip locations. These data were supplemented by observations made on the ground. Certain physical attributes of the locations of the soil-slip debris flows were found to be important and others were not. The most important attribute was the mapped bedrock formation at the site of initiation of the soil slip. However, because the soil slips occur in surficial materials overlying the bedrocks units, the bedrock formation can only serve as a surrogate for the susceptibility of the overlying surficial materials.
\nThe maps of susceptibility were created from those physical attributes learned to be important from the inventories. The multiple inventories allow a model to be created from one set of inventory data and evaluated with others. The resultant maps of relative susceptibility represent the best estimate generated from available inventory and DEM data.
\nSlope and aspect values used in the susceptibility analysis were 10-meter DEM cells at a scale of 1:24,000. For most of the area 10-meter DEMs were available; for those quadrangles that have only 30-meter DEMs, the 30-meter DEMS were resampled to 10-meters to maintain resolution of 10-meter cells. Geologic unit values used in the susceptibility analysis were five-meter cells. For convenience, the soil slip susceptibility values are assembled on 1:100,000-scale bases. Any area of the 1:100,000-scale maps can be transferred to 1:24,000-scale base without any loss of accuracy. Figure 32 is an example of part of a 1:100,000-scale susceptibility map transferred back to a 1:24,000-scale quadrangle.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Menlo Park, CA","doi":"10.3133/ofr0317","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the California Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Morton, D.M., Alvarez, R.M., Campbell, R., Bovard, K.R., Brown, D.T., Corriea, K.M., and Lesser, J.N., 2003, Preliminary soil-slip susceptibility maps, southwestern California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-17, Report: 14 p.; 7 Plates: 41.0 x 36.0 inches or smaller; Readme; Metadata, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr0317.","productDescription":"Report: 14 p.; 7 Plates: 41.0 x 36.0 inches or smaller; Readme; Metadata","numberOfPages":"46","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":178312,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr0317.jpg"},{"id":4636,"rank":12,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0017/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":110376,"rank":13,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_54144.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"54144"},{"id":285239,"rank":11,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0017/README.doc"},{"id":285250,"rank":10,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0017/pdf/plate7.pdf","text":"Plate 7","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":285249,"rank":9,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0017/pdf/plate6.pdf","text":"Plate 6","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":285248,"rank":8,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0017/pdf/plate5.pdf","text":"Plate 5","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":285247,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0017/pdf/plate4.pdf","text":"Plate 4","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":285246,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0017/pdf/plate3.pdf","text":"Plate 3","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":285245,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0017/pdf/plate2.pdf","text":"Plate 2","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":285244,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0017/pdf/plate1.pdf","text":"Plate 1","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":285240,"rank":3,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0017/sus_met.txt"},{"id":285238,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0017/pdf/of03-17.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"100000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection","country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -121.0,32.5 ], [ -121.0,35.5 ], [ -115.0,35.5 ], [ -115.0,32.5 ], [ -121.0,32.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67c0ae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morton, Douglas M. scamp@usgs.gov","contributorId":4102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morton","given":"Douglas","email":"scamp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":242500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Alvarez, Rachel M.","contributorId":74451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alvarez","given":"Rachel","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Campbell, Russell H.","contributorId":91074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"Russell H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bovard, Kelly R.","contributorId":49009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bovard","given":"Kelly","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Brown, D. T.","contributorId":34196,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Corriea, K. M.","contributorId":81981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Corriea","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lesser, J. N.","contributorId":102563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lesser","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":40090,"text":"ofr02490 - 2003 - Correlation of the Klamath Mountains and Sierra Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-23T15:21:04.454118","indexId":"ofr02490","displayToPublicDate":"2003-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-490","title":"Correlation of the Klamath Mountains and Sierra Nevada","docAbstract":"This report graphically portrays the broadly parallel tectonic development of the Klamath Mountains and Sierra Nevada from early Paleozoic to Early Cretaceous time. It is dedicated to J.S. Diller of the U.S. Geological Survey who, during his pioneer field studies a century ago, recognized significant similarities between these two important provinces. The report is based mainly on the numerous published reports of the field and laboratory studies by various geologists and students during the last century, and to a lesser extent on my own field work which has been substantial in the Klamath Mountains but minimal in the Sierra Nevada. For brevity, required by the format of this report, little of the extensive literature pertaining to these two provinces is referenced. This report is preliminary in nature and was prepared as an aid to further study of the tectonic relations between the Klamath Mountains and Sierra Nevada. This report consists of two sheets: Sheet 1, Map showing accreted terranes and plutons of the Klamath Mountains and Sierra Nevada, and Sheet 2, Successive accretionary episodes of the Klamath mountains and northern part of Sierra Nevada, showing related plutonic, volcanic, and metamorphic events. The map on Sheet 1 was compiled and modified from two Open-File maps (Irwin and Wooden, 1999 and 2001) which had been compiled and modified mainly from Jennings (1977), Harwood (1992), Irwin (1994), Jayko (1988), Graymer and Jones (1994), Edelman and Sharp (1989), Schweickert and others (1999), Saucedo and Wagner(1992), Saleeby and Sharp (1980), Wagner and others (1981), and various other sources. For detailed lists of the sources for the isotopic age data used in Sheets 1 and 2, see Irwin and Wooden (1999 and 2001). On Sheet 2, the accretionary episodes are shown sequentially from left to right in two tiers of figures. Episodes for the Klamath Mountains are in the upper tier; correlative episodes of the Sierra Nevada are directly below in the lower tier. The sequence shown for the Klamath Mountains is modified from Irwin and Mankinen (1998) and Irwin and Wooden (1999). The episodes are named for the accreting terranes of the Klamath Mountains, but those names may not be suitable for reference to the correlative episodes of the Sierra Nevada. In the figure for each episode, a heavy black line represents the active suture that separated oceanic crustal rocks on the left from the earlier accreted terranes on the right. Plutons are particularly useful for timing the accretionary episodes. The preaccretionary plutons, which commonly represent the roots of oceanic volcanic arcs, are shown in the accreting oceanic crustal rocks to the left of the heavy black line. The accretionary plutons consist of rock that has been subducted and remobilized as magma during the accretionary process and injected into an overlying earlier accreted terrane on the right of the heavy black line. Thus, isotopic dating of the accretionary plutons (preferably U/Pb dates measured on zircon extracted from the plutonic rock) provides a useful basis for assigning ages to the accretionary episodes. Many plutons are rootless at depth, as they tend to be truncated by the subduction zone sutures of younger accreting terranes. Volcanic deposits resulting from accretionary episodes apparently are uncommon except for those deposited on the backstop terranes. In the Klamath Mountains, the Eastern Klamath terrane, which consists of the Yreka, Trinity and Redding subterranes, was the backstop for the Central Metamorphic and younger accretionary episodes, and displays a remarkable record of sedimentation, volcanism and plutonism from Silurian-Devonian to Jurassic time. In the Sierra Nevada, the correlative backstop was the Northern Sierra terrane which shows a similar long record of volcanism in the Taylorsville, Permian, and Jurassic volcanic arc sequences. During some accretionary episodes the subducting oceanic rocks were dynamically metamorphosed to schist along the suture zone beneath the overriding accreted terranes. Examples of this in the Klamath Mountains are the Devonian Salmon and Abrams Schists of the Central Metamorphic terrane, the Triassic(?) schist of the Fort Jones terrane , and the Early Cretaceous South Fork Mountain Schist that structurally underlies Klamath Mountains terranes along much of the western edge of the province. The Fort Jones terrane and South Fork Mountains Schist were metamorphosed under blueschist-facies conditions. In the Sierra Nevada, schist that is correlative with the Central Metamorphic terrane is present in patches along the Feather River terrane (see Hacker and Peacock, 1990); the Triassic(?) Red Ant Schist is correlative with the Fort Jones terrane; but a correlative of the South Fork Mountain Schist is not present. In addition to the similarities in the sequences of accretion, plutonism, volcanism, and metamorphism, strong ties between the two provinces are also provided by paleontologic data. The Permian McCloud fusulinid fauna of the Redding subterrane also is present in the Northern Sierra terrane. Rare Tethyan fusulinids are found in Permian limestone of the Eastern Hayfork terrane of the Klamath Mountains and also in limestone blocks in the Central Belt of the Sierra Nevada. Ichthyosaur fossils have been collected from the Triassic of both the Redding subterrane and Northern Sierra terrane. Jurassic ammonites and the pelecypod Buchia concentrica occur in both the Galice Formation of the western Klamath Mountains and the Mariposa Formation of the western Sierra Nevada. Events that preceded the Central Metamorphic episode prior to Silurian-Devonian time are not clearly understood and are not shown in the succession of diagrams on Sheet 2. The oldest rocks of the Klamath Mountains are Neoproterozic and they predate the Central Metamorphic episode by possibly a hundred million years or more. They include ophiolitic rocks of the Trinity subterrane and the Antelope Mountain Quartzite of the Yreka subterrane (see Mankinen and others, 2002). In the Sierra Nevada, correlatives of the ancient ophiolitic rocks may be part of the Feather River terrane. Although Neoproterozoic fossils have not yet been found in the Sierra Nevada, petrologic study shows the quartzite of the Lang sequence is closely similar to the Antelope Mountain Quartzite (see Bond and Devay, 1980). Correlation of the two quartzite formations is also suggested by the similarity of their positions in the accretionary sequence.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr02490","usgsCitation":"Irwin, W., 2003, Correlation of the Klamath Mountains and Sierra Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-490, 2 Plates: 39.10 x 38.30 inches and 39.35 x 33.80 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr02490.","productDescription":"2 Plates: 39.10 x 38.30 inches and 39.35 x 33.80 inches","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":169671,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr02490.jpg"},{"id":285188,"rank":2,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0490/of02-490_s2.eps"},{"id":285187,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0490/of02-490_s1.eps"},{"id":3542,"rank":6,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0490/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":110383,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_54412.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"54412"},{"id":285185,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0490/pdf/of02-490_s1.pdf","text":"Plate 1","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":285186,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0490/pdf/of02-490_s2.pdf","text":"Plate 2","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"1000000","country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Klamath Mountains, Sierra Nevada","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.0,34.75 ], [ -124.0,43.0 ], [ -117.0,43.0 ], [ -117.0,34.75 ], [ -124.0,34.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad7e4b07f02db684563","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Irwin, William P.","contributorId":12889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Irwin","given":"William P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":222964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":47394,"text":"b2197 - 2003 - Velocity ratio and its application to predicting velocities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:40","indexId":"b2197","displayToPublicDate":"2003-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2197","title":"Velocity ratio and its application to predicting velocities","docAbstract":"The velocity ratio of water-saturated sediment derived from the Biot-Gassmann theory depends mainly on the Biot coefficient?a property of dry rock?for consolidated sediments\r\nwith porosity less than the critical porosity. With this theory, the shear moduli of dry sediments are the same as the shear moduli of water-saturated sediments. Because the velocity ratio depends on the Biot coefficient explicitly, Biot-Gassmann theory accurately predicts velocity ratios with respect to differential pressure for a given porosity. However, because the velocity ratio is weakly related to porosity, it is not appropriate to investigate the velocity ratio with respect to porosity (f).\r\nA new formulation based on the assumption that the velocity ratio is a function of (1?f)n yields a velocity ratio that depends on porosity, but not on the Biot coefficient explicitly. Unlike the Biot-Gassmann theory, the shear moduli of water-saturated sediments depend not only on the Biot coefficient but also on the pore fluid. This nonclassical behavior of the shear modulus of water-saturated sediment is speculated to be an effect of interaction between fluid and the solid matrix, resulting in softening or hardening of the rock frame and an effect of velocity dispersion owing to local fluid flow. The exponent n controls the degree of softening/hardening of the formation. Based on laboratory data measured near 1 MHz, this theory is extended to include the effect of differential pressure\r\non the velocity ratio by making n a function of differential pressure and consolidation. However, the velocity dispersion and anisotropy are not included in the formulation.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/b2197","usgsCitation":"Lee, M.W., 2003, Velocity ratio and its application to predicting velocities (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 2197, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/b2197.","productDescription":"15 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":170924,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":3974,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/b2197/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a13e4b07f02db6022dd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, Myung W. mlee@usgs.gov","contributorId":779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Myung","email":"mlee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":235211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":51503,"text":"ofr0325 - 2003 - A spatial database of bedding attitudes to accompany Geologic map of the greater Denver area, Front Range Urban Corridor, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:30","indexId":"ofr0325","displayToPublicDate":"2003-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-25","title":"A spatial database of bedding attitudes to accompany Geologic map of the greater Denver area, Front Range Urban Corridor, Colorado","docAbstract":"This digital map shows bedding attitude symbols display over the geographic extent of surficial deposits and rock stratigraphic units (formations) as compiled by Trimble and Machette 1973-1977 and published in 1979 (U.S. Geological Survey Map I-856-H) under the Front Range Urban Corridor Geology Program. Trimble and Machette compiled their geologic map from published geologic maps and unpublished geologic mapping having varied map unit schemes. A convenient feature of the compiled map is its uniform classification of geologic units that mostly matches those of companion maps to the north (USGS I-855-G) and to the south (USGS I-857-F). Published as a color paper map, the Trimble and Machette map was intended for land-use planning in the Front Range Urban Corridor. This map recently (1997-1999), was digitized under the USGS Front Range Infrastructure Resources Project (see cross-reference).\r\n In general, the mountainous areas in the west part of the map exhibit various igneous and metamorphic bedrock units of Precambrian age, major faults, and fault brecciation zones at the east margin (5-20 km wide) of the Front Range. The eastern and central parts of the map (Colorado Piedmont) depict a mantle of unconsolidated deposits of Quaternary age and interspersed outcroppings of Cretaceous or Tertiary-Cretaceous sedimentary bedrock. The Quaternary mantle is comprised of eolian deposits (quartz sand and silt), alluvium (gravel, sand, and silt of variable composition), colluvium, and few landslides. At the mountain front, north-trending, dipping Paleozoic and Mesozoic sandstone, shale, and limestone bedrock formations form hogbacks and intervening valleys.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr0325","usgsCitation":"Trimble, D.E., Machette, M., Brandt, T.R., Moore, D., and Murray, K., 2003, A spatial database of bedding attitudes to accompany Geologic map of the greater Denver area, Front Range Urban Corridor, Colorado (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-25, map, 27 by 34 inches and accompanying text (9 p.), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr0325.","productDescription":"map, 27 by 34 inches and accompanying text (9 p.)","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":179311,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":4499,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/ofr-03-025/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":110384,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_54457.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"54457"}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b17e4b07f02db6a63a3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Trimble, Donald E.","contributorId":75910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trimble","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":243756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Machette, Michael N.","contributorId":28963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Machette","given":"Michael N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":243753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brandt, Theodore R. 0000-0002-7862-9082 tbrandt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7862-9082","contributorId":1267,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brandt","given":"Theodore","email":"tbrandt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":243752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Moore, David W.","contributorId":63835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"David W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":243755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Murray, Kyle E.","contributorId":31825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murray","given":"Kyle E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":243754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70159617,"text":"70159617 - 2003 - Landsat TM and ETM+ thermal band calibration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-11-13T09:23:22","indexId":"70159617","displayToPublicDate":"2003-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1175,"text":"Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Landsat TM and ETM+ thermal band calibration","docAbstract":"Landsat-5 has been imaging the Earth since March 1984, and Landsat-7 was added to the series of Landsat instruments in April 1999. The Landsat Project Science Office and the Landsat-7 Image Assessment System have been monitoring the on-board calibration of Landsat-7 since launch. Additionally, two separate university teams have been evaluating the on-board thermal calibration of Landsat-7 through ground-based measurements since launch. Although not monitored as closely over its lifetime, a new effort is currently being made to validate the calibration of Landsat-5. Two university teams are beginning to collect ground truth under Landsat-5, along with using other vicarious calibration methods to go back into the archive to validate the history of the calibration of Landsat-5. This paper considers the calibration efforts for the thermal band, band 6, of both the Landsat-5 and Landsat-7 instruments. Though stable since launch, Landsat-7 had an initial calibration error of about 3 K, and changes were made to correct for this beginning 1 October 2000 for data processed with the National Landsat Archive Production System (NLAPS) and beginning 20 December 2000 for data processed with the Landsat Product Generation System (LPGS). Recent results from Landsat-5 vicarious calibration efforts show an offset of 0.7 K over the lifetime of the instrument. This suggests that historical calibration efforts may have been detecting errors in processing systems rather than changes in the instrument. A correction to the Landsat-5 processing has not yet been implemented but will be in the near future.
","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Aeronautics and Space Institute","doi":"10.5589/m02-087","usgsCitation":"Barsi, J., Schott, J.R., Palluconi, F., Helder, D., Hook, S., Markham, B.L., Chander, G., and O’Donnell, E.M., 2003, Landsat TM and ETM+ thermal band calibration: Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing, v. 29, no. 2, p. 141-153, https://doi.org/10.5589/m02-087.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"141","endPage":"153","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":311289,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-06-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"564717cce4b0e2669b313118","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barsi, J. A.","contributorId":24085,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barsi","given":"J. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":579731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schott, J. R.","contributorId":16613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schott","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":579732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Palluconi, F. D.","contributorId":80854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Palluconi","given":"F. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":579733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Helder, D. L. 0000-0002-7379-4679","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7379-4679","contributorId":51496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helder","given":"D. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":579734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hook, S.J.","contributorId":21711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hook","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":579735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Markham, B. L.","contributorId":88872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Markham","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":579736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Chander, G.","contributorId":51449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chander","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":579737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"O’Donnell, E. M.","contributorId":149839,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"O’Donnell","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":579738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70185126,"text":"70185126 - 2003 - Hydrogeology Journal in 2002","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-15T11:15:49","indexId":"70185126","displayToPublicDate":"2003-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1923,"text":"Hydrogeology Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrogeology Journal in 2002","docAbstract":"Hydrogeology Journal appeared in six issues containing a total of 674 pages and 47 major articles, including 22 Papers and 24 Reports, as well as Technical Notes and Book Reviews. The final issue of 2002 also contained the annual volume index. Hydrogeology Journal (HJ) is an international forum for hydrogeology and related disciplines. Authors in 2002 were from about 30 countries. Articles advanced hydrogeologic science and described hydrogeologic systems in many regions worldwide. These articles focused on 22 countries: Afghanistan, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, China, India, Israel, Japan, Jordan, Mexico, New Zealand, Nigeria, Portugal, Qatar, Switzerland, Syria, Turkey, UK, and the USA. The Guest Editors of the 2002 HJ theme issue on \"Groundwater Recharge\", Bridget R. Scanlon and Peter G. Cook, assembled a highly relevant and sought-after collection of papers from eminent authors on wide-ranging aspects of the subject.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/s10040-003-0248-6","usgsCitation":"Olcott, P., Schneider, R., and Voss, C., 2003, Hydrogeology Journal in 2002: Hydrogeology Journal, v. 11, no. 1, p. 1-2, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-003-0248-6.","productDescription":"2 p. ","startPage":"1","endPage":"2","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478368,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-003-0248-6","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":337597,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-01-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ca52d2e4b0849ce97c86da","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Olcott, Perry","contributorId":188041,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Olcott","given":"Perry","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schneider, Robert","contributorId":102460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schneider","given":"Robert","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Voss, Clifford","contributorId":63150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voss","given":"Clifford","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70164405,"text":"70164405 - 2003 - Response to comment on \"Pharmaceuticals, hormones, and other organic wastewater contaminants in U.S. streams, 1999-2000: A national reconnaissance\"","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-26T08:31:42","indexId":"70164405","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-23T13:45:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Response to comment on \"Pharmaceuticals, hormones, and other organic wastewater contaminants in U.S. streams, 1999-2000: A national reconnaissance\"","docAbstract":"Till (1) raised concerns that several aspects of how we handled the data in our study (2) may have caused unintended bias. First, Till (1) considers the “median detectable concentrations” listed in Table 1 (2) to be misleading because “higher median concentrations than is actually the case” were suggested. We interpret this concern raised by Till (1) to be that some readers may misinterpret our median detectable concentration to be an overall median concentration. Our intention was to provide the reader with information that could not easily be determined independently. For example, by examining the frequency of detection (2), it could easily be determined that the overall median concentration was less than the reporting level for all but six compounds (those having a detection frequency of>50%). Our goal for providing a median detectable concentration was to give a better sense of the concentrations when a particular compound was detected. Thus, we felt the combination of frequency of detection (how often a compound was found), median detectable concentration (median concentration when a compound was detected), and maximum concentration (highest concentration measured) would provide the greatest benefit to the readers. In future reports, we will modify the table headings to ensure that overall median concentration and median detectable concentration are clearly differentiated.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/es0202356","usgsCitation":"Kolpin, D.W., Furlong, E.T., Meyer, M.T., Thurman, E.M., Zaugg, S.D., Barber, L.B., and Buxton, H.T., 2003, Response to comment on \"Pharmaceuticals, hormones, and other organic wastewater contaminants in U.S. streams, 1999-2000: A national reconnaissance\": Environmental Science & Technology, v. 37, no. 5, p. 1054-1054, https://doi.org/10.1021/es0202356.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"1054","endPage":"1054","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":316524,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-01-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56b33323e4b0cc79997f3448","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kolpin, Dana W. 0000-0002-3529-6505 dwkolpin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3529-6505","contributorId":1239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolpin","given":"Dana","email":"dwkolpin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":597157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Furlong, Edward T. 0000-0002-7305-4603 efurlong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7305-4603","contributorId":740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Furlong","given":"Edward","email":"efurlong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":597158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Meyer, Michael T. 0000-0001-6006-7985 mmeyer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6006-7985","contributorId":866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"Michael","email":"mmeyer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":597159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thurman, E. Michael","contributorId":9636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurman","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":597160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Zaugg, Steven D. sdzaugg@usgs.gov","contributorId":768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zaugg","given":"Steven","email":"sdzaugg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":597161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Barber, Larry B. 0000-0002-0561-0831 lbbarber@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0561-0831","contributorId":921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barber","given":"Larry","email":"lbbarber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":597162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Buxton, Herbert T. hbuxton@usgs.gov","contributorId":1911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buxton","given":"Herbert","email":"hbuxton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":5056,"text":"Office of the AD Energy and Minerals, and Environmental Health","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":597163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70175104,"text":"70175104 - 2003 - Tidal wetland fluxes of dissolved organic carbon and sediment at Browns Island, California: initial evaluation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-28T16:18:28","indexId":"70175104","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Tidal wetland fluxes of dissolved organic carbon and sediment at Browns Island, California: initial evaluation","docAbstract":"Carbon and sediment fluxes from tidal wetlands are of increasing concern in the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta (Delta), because of drinking water issues and habitat restoration efforts. Certain forms of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) react with disinfecting chemicals used to treat drinking water, to form disinfection byproducts (DBPs), some of which are potential carcinogens. The contribution of DBP precursors by tidal wetlands is unknown. Sediment transport to and from tidal wetlands determines the potential for marsh accretion, thereby affecting habitat formation.
Water, carbon, and sediment flux were measured in the main channel of Browns Island, a tidal wetland located at the confluence of Suisun Bay and the Delta. In-situ instrumentation were deployed between May 3 and May 21, 2002. Water flux was measured using acoustic Doppler current profilers and the index-velocity method. DOC concentrations were measured using calibrated ultraviolet absorbance and fluorescence instruments. Suspended-sediment concentrations were measured using a calibrated nephelometric turbidity sensor.
Tidally averaged water flux through the channel was dependent on water surface elevations in Suisun Bay. Strong westerly winds resulted in higher water surface elevations in the area east of Browns Island, causing seaward flow, while subsiding winds reversed this effect. Peak ebb flow transported 36% more water than peak flood flow, indicating an ebb-dominant system. DOC concentrations were affected strongly by porewater drainage from the banks of the channel. Peak DOC concentrations were observed during slack after ebb, when the most porewater drained into the channel. Suspended-sediment concentrations were controlled by tidal currents that mobilized sediment from the channel bed, and stronger tides mobilized more sediment than the weaker tides. Sediment was transported mainly to the island during the 2-week monitoring period, though short periods of export occurred during the spring tide. Future deployments will characterize the seasonal variability of these fluxes.
Abstract not available
","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Resource Selection","conferenceTitle":"1st International Conference on Resource Selection","conferenceDate":"January 13-15, 2003","conferenceLocation":"Laramie, WY","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Petersen, J., Tiffan, K., and Rondorf, D., 2003, Conditions for growth and survival of bull trout in Beulah Reservoir, Oregon. Annual report 2002, in Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Resource Selection, Laramie, WY, January 13-15, 2003, p. 141-150.","productDescription":"10 p. ","startPage":"141","endPage":"150","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":333479,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5881dedde4b01192927d9f99","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Petersen, J.H.","contributorId":72154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petersen","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tiffan, K.F.","contributorId":19327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tiffan","given":"K.F.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":659099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rondorf, D.W.","contributorId":80789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rondorf","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":659100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70175102,"text":"70175102 - 2003 - Preliminary assessment of DOC and THM precursor loads from a freshwater restored wetland, an agricultural field, and a tidal wetland in the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-18T09:04:42","indexId":"70175102","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Preliminary assessment of DOC and THM precursor loads from a freshwater restored wetland, an agricultural field, and a tidal wetland in the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta","docAbstract":"Water exported from the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta supplies drinking water to more than 22 million people in California. At certain times of the year, Delta waters contain relatively high concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and bromide. During these times, chlorination of Delta water for drinking water disinfection will form disinfection byproducts, such as trihalomethanes (THMs), that can exceed the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's maximum contaminant level for THMs of 80 mg/L. Important sources of DOC and THM precursors (types of DOC that form THMs when chlorinated) to the Delta include rivers, drainage water from peat islands, water from wetlands and areas with extensive riparian vegetation, and in-channel growth of algae and macrophytes. Due to proposed ecosystem restoration and creation of wetlands in the Delta, there is an urgent need for information on the relative loads of DOC and THM precursors produced from three different land uses: restored wetlands constructed for subsidence mitigation, tidal wetlands, and agricultural operations.
We have been conducting research in the Delta to provide this information. A restored wetland and agricultural field located on Twitchell Island, and a tidal wetland on Browns Island have been monitored for flow, DOC, and THM precursors. Initial results indicate that the loads of DOC and THM precursors are similar for the restored wetland (surface water only) and the agricultural field. These land uses produce DOC loads of about 14 and 11 g C/m2/yr, respectively, and THM precursor loads of about 1.7 and 1.0 g THM/m2/yr, respectively. Estimates of DOC and THM precursor loads for the tidal wetland site on Browns Island and seepage associated with the restored wetland are being developed.
The Antarctic Climate Evolution (ACE) project is a new international research initiative to study the climate and glacial history of Antarctica by linking climate and ice sheet modeling studies with geophysical surveys and geological studies on and around the Antarctic continent (Fig. 1). The rationale for the ACE programme, outlined herein, was developed and refined, before, during and after the Antarctic Earth Science Symposium in Erice, Italy, in September 2001 (Cooper et al., 2002, Florindo et al., 2003).
","language":"English","publisher":"Terra Antartica Publication","usgsCitation":"Florindo, F., Dunbar, R.B., Siegert, M., DeConto, R., Barrett, P.J., Cooper, A.K., Escutia, C., Janecek, T., Larter, R., Naish, T., and Powell, R., 2003, Antarctic Climate Evolution (ACE) Research Initiative: Terra Antarctica, v. 9, p. 127-132.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"127","endPage":"132","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":371039,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Antarctica","volume":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Florindo, F.","contributorId":49205,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Florindo","given":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dunbar, R. B.","contributorId":192914,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dunbar","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Siegert, M","contributorId":220263,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Siegert","given":"M","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"DeConto, R.","contributorId":91711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeConto","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Barrett, P. J.","contributorId":96347,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barrett","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cooper, Alan K. acooper@usgs.gov","contributorId":2854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooper","given":"Alan","email":"acooper@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Escutia, C.","contributorId":88514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Escutia","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Janecek, T.R.","contributorId":221601,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Janecek","given":"T.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Larter, R.D.","contributorId":8765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larter","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Naish, T.R.","contributorId":9168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naish","given":"T.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Powell, R.D.","contributorId":74015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70248026,"text":"70248026 - 2003 - Potential of airborne geophysical capabilities discussed","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-01T13:23:13.408849","indexId":"70248026","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-07T09:54:55","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":7458,"text":"Eos Science News","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Potential of airborne geophysical capabilities discussed","docAbstract":"Antarctica is a key element in Earth's geodynamic and climatic systems. Nevertheless, on the eve of the 50th anniversary of the International Geophysical Year, we lack fundamental geologic and geophysical data from the deep interior of this vast continent. Meager exposures record the 3500-million-year history of a continent that participated in the formation and breakup of both the Rodinia and Gondwana super-continents. It continues to be tectonically active today although its kinematic relationship to the global plate circuit and its role as sub- strate to the world's major ice sheets remain in question.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2003EO010005","usgsCitation":"Finn, C.A., Anandakrishnan, S., Goodge, J.W., Panter, K.S., Siddoway, C., and Wilson, T., 2003, Potential of airborne geophysical capabilities discussed: Eos Science News, v. 84, no. 1, p. 4-4, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003EO010005.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"4","endPage":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":498853,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2003eo010005","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":420367,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Antarctica","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 179.9,\n -84.32540348044958\n ],\n [\n 179.9,\n -58.55007029994493\n ],\n [\n -179.9,\n -58.55007029994493\n ],\n [\n -179.9,\n -84.32540348044958\n ],\n [\n 179.9,\n -84.32540348044958\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"84","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-06-03","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Finn, Carol A. 0000-0002-6178-0405 cfinn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6178-0405","contributorId":1326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finn","given":"Carol","email":"cfinn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":881549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anandakrishnan, Sridhar","contributorId":29307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anandakrishnan","given":"Sridhar","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":881550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Goodge, John W.","contributorId":20414,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goodge","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":881551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Panter, Kurt S.","contributorId":36943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Panter","given":"Kurt","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":881552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Siddoway, Christine","contributorId":193451,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Siddoway","given":"Christine","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":881553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wilson, Terry","contributorId":33618,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Terry","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":881554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70207684,"text":"70207684 - 2003 - Evidence for orbitally controlled size variations of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet during the late Miocene","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-08T20:41:31.896554","indexId":"70207684","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-06T12:03:07","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence for orbitally controlled size variations of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet during the late Miocene","docAbstract":"Ocean Drilling Program Site 1165 penetrated drift sediments on the East Antarctic continental rise and recovered sediments from a low-energy depositional environment. The sediments are characterized by prominent alternations between a green to greenish-gray diatom-bearing hemipelagic facies and gray to dark gray hemiturbiditic facies. Our investigation of an upper Miocene section, using high-resolution color spectra, multisensor core logs, and X-ray fluorescence scans, reveals that sedimentation changes occur at Milankovitch orbital frequencies of obliquity and precession. We use this finding to derive an astronomical calibrated time scale and to calculate iron mass-accumulation rates, as a proxy for sediment-accumulation rates. Terrigenous iron fluxes change by as much as 100% during each obliquity cycle. This change and an episodic pattern of enhanced ice-rafted debris deposition during times of deglaciation provide evidence for a dynamic and likely wet-based late Miocene East Antarctic Ice Sheet (EAIS) that underwent large size variations at orbital time scales. The dynamic behavior of the EAIS implies that a significant proportion of the variability seen in oxygen isotope records of the late Miocene reflects Antarctic ice-volume changes.
","language":"English","publisher":"GSA","doi":"10.1130/G19574.1","usgsCitation":"Grutzner, J., Rebesco, M., Cooper, A.K., Forsberg, C., Kryc, K., and Wefer, G., 2003, Evidence for orbitally controlled size variations of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet during the late Miocene: Geology, v. 31, no. 9, p. 777-780, https://doi.org/10.1130/G19574.1.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"777","endPage":"780","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478369,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://epic.awi.de/id/eprint/20819/1/Gru2003a.pdf","text":"External Repository"},{"id":371008,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"East Antarctic","volume":"31","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grutzner, J.","contributorId":221588,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grutzner","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":778929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rebesco, M.","contributorId":199250,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rebesco","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":35487,"text":"OGS (Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale), Borgo Grotta Gigante 42/C - 34010 Sgonico (TS), Italy.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":778930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cooper, Alan K. acooper@usgs.gov","contributorId":2854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooper","given":"Alan","email":"acooper@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":778931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Forsberg, C.F.","contributorId":221587,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Forsberg","given":"C.F.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27452,"text":"Norwegian Geotechnical Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":778932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kryc, K.A.","contributorId":93383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kryc","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":778933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wefer, G.","contributorId":221589,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wefer","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":778934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70207683,"text":"70207683 - 2003 - Introduction to ‘Antarctic Cenozoic palaeoenvironments: Geologic record and models’","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-08T20:30:15.401169","indexId":"70207683","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-06T11:45:30","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2996,"text":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology","printIssn":"0031-0182","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Introduction to ‘Antarctic Cenozoic palaeoenvironments: Geologic record and models’","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0031-0182(03)00405-X","usgsCitation":"Florindo, F., Cooper, A.K., and O’Brien, P.E., 2003, Introduction to ‘Antarctic Cenozoic palaeoenvironments: Geologic record and models’: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 198, no. 1-2, p. 1-9, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-0182(03)00405-X.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"9","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":371007,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Antarctic","volume":"198","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Florindo, F.","contributorId":49205,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Florindo","given":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":778926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cooper, Alan K. acooper@usgs.gov","contributorId":2854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooper","given":"Alan","email":"acooper@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":778927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"O’Brien, P. E.","contributorId":91271,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"O’Brien","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":778928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70198853,"text":"70198853 - 2003 - Arsenic thermodynamic data and environmental geochemistry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-20T19:01:47","indexId":"70198853","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T19:00:11","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Arsenic thermodynamic data and environmental geochemistry","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Arsenic in ground water: Geochemistry and occurrence","language":"English","publisher":"Kluwer Academic","publisherLocation":"Boston","isbn":"978-0-306-47956-4","usgsCitation":"Nordstrom, D.K., and Archer, D., 2003, Arsenic thermodynamic data and environmental geochemistry, chap. of Arsenic in ground water: Geochemistry and occurrence, p. 1-25.","productDescription":"25 p. ","startPage":"1","endPage":"25","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":356643,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b98cdd6e4b0702d0e846dc2","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Welch, A. H.","contributorId":14836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Welch","given":"A. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":743102,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stollenwerk, Kenneth G. kgstolle@usgs.gov","contributorId":578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stollenwerk","given":"Kenneth","email":"kgstolle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":743103,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Nordstrom, D. 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Nestling dispersal occurred between 9 September and 6 December (n = 24), mostly 14 September-21 October, and did not differ among regions or years. Most eagles made stopovers of 4-28 days during migration. Migration occurred 9 September-18 January, mostly along previously described routes, taking 4-116 days to complete (n = 18). Eagles averaged 47.8 km/day excluding stopovers; 22.9 km/day including stopovers. The mean degrees of latitude spanned during migration was: Kamchatka, 2.1; Magadan, 11.6; Amur, 7.3; and Sakhalin, 1.1. Eagle winter range sizes varied. Eagles concentrated in 1-3 subareas within overall winter ranges. The mean size of the first wintering subareas was 274 km2, the second 529 km2, and the third 1181 km2. Second wintering areas were south of first wintering areas. Spring migration started between 2 February and 31 March. Two eagles from Magadan were tracked onto summering grounds, well south of their natal areas. Both had early and late summering areas. One bird was followed for 25 months. It initiated its second autumn migration in the first half of October and arrived on its wintering grounds on 26 December. The second autumn migration covered 1839 km (20.9-22.4 km/day). Unlike its first winter when it used two subareas, this bird used only one subarea in 1998-99, but this was located near wintering areas used in 1997-98. It left its wintering ground between 13 April and 13 May, and arrived on its summering grounds between 7 June and 8 July. Unlike most satellite radiotracking studies, data are presented from a relatively large number of birds from across their breeding range, including new information on eagle movements on the wintering grounds and during the second year","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ibis","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"Hoboken, NJ","doi":"10.1046/j.1474-919X.2003.00153.x","collaboration":"None","usgsCitation":"McGrady, M., Ueta, M., Potapov, E., Utekhina, I., Marterov, V., Ladyguine, A., Zykov, V., Cibor, J., Fuller, M.R., and Seegar, J., 2003, Movements by juvenile and immature Steller's Sea Eagles Haliaeetus pelagicus tracked by satellite: Ibis, v. 145, no. 2, p. 318-328, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1474-919X.2003.00153.x.","productDescription":"p. 318-328","startPage":"318","endPage":"328","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":260247,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":260243,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1474-919X.2003.00153.x","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"145","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-03-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5f5de4b0c8380cd70eec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McGrady, M.J.","contributorId":23735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGrady","given":"M.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ueta, M.","contributorId":106359,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ueta","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Potapov, E.R.","contributorId":101132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Potapov","given":"E.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Utekhina, I.","contributorId":23004,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Utekhina","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Marterov, V.","contributorId":56084,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marterov","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ladyguine, A.","contributorId":104325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ladyguine","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Zykov, V.","contributorId":7545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zykov","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Cibor, J.","contributorId":26179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cibor","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Fuller, Mark R. 0000-0001-7459-1729 mark_fuller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7459-1729","contributorId":2296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"Mark","email":"mark_fuller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":354943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Seegar, J.K.","contributorId":97364,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seegar","given":"J.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70200407,"text":"70200407 - 2003 - A summary of the San Francisco tidal wetlands restoration series","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-03-16T17:23:38.696934","indexId":"70200407","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T16:01:45","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3331,"text":"San Francisco Estuary and Watershed Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A summary of the San Francisco tidal wetlands restoration series","docAbstract":"The four topical articles of the Tidal Wetlands Restoration Series summarized and synthesized much of what is known about tidal wetlands and tidal wetland restoration in the San Francisco Estuary (hereafter “Estuary”). Despite a substantial amount of available information, major uncertainties remain. A major uncertainty with regard to fishes is the net benefit of restored tidal wetlands relative to other habitats for native fishes in different regions of the Estuary given the presence of numerous invasive alien species. With regard to organic carbon, a major uncertainty is the net benefit of land use change given uncertainty about the quantity and quality of different forms of organic carbon resulting from different land uses. A major challenge is determining the flux of organic carbon from open systems like tidal wetlands. Converting present land uses to tidal wetlands will almost certainly result in increased methylation of mercury at the local scale with associated accumulation of mercury within local food webs. However, it is unclear if such local accumulation is of concern for fish, wildlife or humans at the local scale or if cumulative effects at the regional scale will emerge. Based on available information it is expected that restored tidal wetlands will remain stable once constructed; however, there is uncertainty associated with the available data regarding the balance of sediment accretion, sea-level rise, and sediment erosion. There is also uncertainty regarding the cumulative effect of many tidal restoration projects on sediment supply. The conclusions of the articles highlight the need to adopt a regional and multidisciplinary approach to tidal wetland restoration in the Estuary. The Science Program of the CALFED effort provides an appropriate venue for addressing these issues.
","language":"English","publisher":"University of California","doi":"10.15447/sfews.2003v1iss1art6","usgsCitation":"Brown, L.R., 2003, A summary of the San Francisco tidal wetlands restoration series: San Francisco Estuary and Watershed Science, v. 1, no. 1, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.15447/sfews.2003v1iss1art6.","productDescription":"13 p.","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478370,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.15447/sfews.2003v1iss1art6","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":358443,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay, Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.01391601562499,\n 38.06106741381201\n ],\n [\n -123.0908203125,\n 37.95719224376526\n ],\n [\n -122.62939453125001,\n 37.714244967649265\n ],\n [\n -122.4920654296875,\n 37.17344871200958\n ],\n [\n -122.23388671874999,\n 36.954281585675965\n ],\n [\n -121.2615966796875,\n 37.783740105227224\n ],\n [\n -121.48681640624999,\n 38.591113776147445\n ],\n [\n -123.01391601562499,\n 38.06106741381201\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"1","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-10-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10ed10e4b034bf6a803a89","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, Larry R. 0000-0001-6702-4531 lrbrown@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6702-4531","contributorId":1717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Larry","email":"lrbrown@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":748735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70235701,"text":"70235701 - 2003 - Guidelines for finding nests of passerine birds in tallgrass prairie","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-15T19:51:20.966845","indexId":"70235701","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T15:50:58","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3111,"text":"Prairie Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Guidelines for finding nests of passerine birds in tallgrass prairie","docAbstract":"The productivity of birds is one of the most critical components of their natural history affected by habitat quality. Birds might occur at high densities in a given habitat patch but have low nesting success. Such \"population sinks\" would not be detected if observers relied solely on estimates of bird density. Therefore, it is essential to monitor nests and determine their outcomes. Although interest in grassland-nesting passerines has increased greatly during the last decade, we still know little about factors affecting their nesting success. To stimulate more research in this area, we summarize several methods for nest-searching and provide suggestions for optimizing its success in tall grass prairie. As a case study, we provide some data from a study on grassland-nesting birds in the northern tallgrass prairie.
","language":"English","publisher":"Great Plains Natural Science Society","usgsCitation":"Winter, M., Hawks, S.E., Shaffer, J.A., and Johnson, D.H., 2003, Guidelines for finding nests of passerine birds in tallgrass prairie: Prairie Naturalist, v. 35, no. 3, p. 197-211.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"197","endPage":"211","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":405159,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":405158,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usgsnpwrc/160/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"35","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Winter, Maiken","contributorId":174790,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Winter","given":"Maiken","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":848969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hawks, Shawn E.","contributorId":295249,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hawks","given":"Shawn","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":33353,"text":"University of Minnesota, Crookston","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":848970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shaffer, Jill A. 0000-0003-3172-0708 jshaffer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3172-0708","contributorId":3184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shaffer","given":"Jill","email":"jshaffer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":848971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johnson, Douglas H. 0000-0002-7778-6641 douglas_h_johnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7778-6641","contributorId":1387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Douglas","email":"douglas_h_johnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":848972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70199505,"text":"70199505 - 2003 - Potential for increased mercury accumulation in the estuary food web","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-03-16T17:29:28.976809","indexId":"70199505","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T15:47:47","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3331,"text":"San Francisco Estuary and Watershed Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Potential for increased mercury accumulation in the estuary food web","docAbstract":"Present concentrations of mercury in large portions of San Francisco Bay (Bay), the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta (Delta), and the Sacramento and San Joaquin rivers are high enough to warrant concern for the health of humans and wildlife. Large scale tidal wetland restoration is currently under consideration as a means of increasing populations of fish species of concern. Tidal wetland restoration activities may lead to increased concentrations of mercury in the estuarine food web and exacerbate the existing mercury problem. This paper evaluates our present ability to predict the local and regional effects of restoration actions on mercury accumulation in aquatic food webs. A sport fish consumption advisory is in place for the Bay, and an advisory is under consideration for the Delta and lower Sacramento and San Joaquin rivers. Mercury concentrations in eggs of several water bird species from the Bay have exceeded the lowest observed effect level. A variety of mercury sources, largely related to historic mercury and gold mining, is present in the watershed and has created a spatially heterogeneous distribution of mercury in the Bay-Delta Estuary. Mercury exists in the environment in a variety of forms and has a complex biogeochemical cycle. The most hazardous form, methylmercury, is produced at a relatively high rate in wetlands and newly flooded aquatic habitats. It is likely that distinct spatial variation on multiple spatial scales exists in net methylmercury production in Bay-Delta tidal wetlands, including variation within each tidal wetland, among tidal wetlands in the same region, and among tidal wetlands in different regions. Understanding this spatial variation and its underlying causes will allow environmental managers to minimize the negative effects of mercury bioaccumulation as a result of restoration activities. Actions needed to reduce the uncertainty associated with this issue include a long term, multifaceted research effort, long term monitoring on local and regional scales, and careful evaluation of individual restoration projects with regard to potential increase of food web mercury.
","language":"English","publisher":"John Muir Institute of the Environment","doi":"10.15447/sfews.2003v1iss1art4","usgsCitation":"Davis, J.A., Yee, D., Collins, J.N., Schwarzbach, S.E., and Luoma, S.N., 2003, Potential for increased mercury accumulation in the estuary food web: San Francisco Estuary and Watershed Science, v. 1, no. 1, 37 p., https://doi.org/10.15447/sfews.2003v1iss1art4.","productDescription":"37 p.","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478371,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.15447/sfews.2003v1iss1art4","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":357511,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sacramento River, Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, San Francisco Bay, San Joaquin River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.57196044921875,\n 39.08743603215884\n ],\n [\n -121.78344726562499,\n 39.04265287290379\n ],\n [\n -121.96746826171875,\n 38.914544497799476\n ],\n [\n -121.915283203125,\n 38.81617117607388\n ],\n [\n -121.651611328125,\n 38.72194763292809\n ],\n [\n -121.66259765625001,\n 38.67478920520597\n ],\n [\n -121.7120361328125,\n 38.34381037525605\n ],\n [\n -121.827392578125,\n 38.27700093565902\n ],\n [\n -121.73675537109374,\n 37.98533963422239\n ],\n [\n -121.56372070312499,\n 37.77288579232439\n ],\n [\n -121.35498046875,\n 37.77505678240509\n ],\n [\n -121.168212890625,\n 37.53368798315969\n ],\n [\n -120.92651367187499,\n 37.568528265476075\n ],\n [\n -121.20391845703125,\n 37.84015683604136\n ],\n [\n -121.30828857421875,\n 38.156156969924915\n ],\n [\n -121.45935058593749,\n 38.494443887725055\n ],\n [\n -121.1407470703125,\n 38.666211605156704\n ],\n [\n -121.20391845703125,\n 38.72194763292809\n ],\n [\n -121.44287109374999,\n 38.659777730712534\n ],\n [\n -121.46759033203125,\n 39.02131757437681\n ],\n [\n -121.57196044921875,\n 39.08743603215884\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"1","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-10-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5befe5bee4b045bfcadf7f50","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davis, Jay A.","contributorId":208018,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Davis","given":"Jay","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":745623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yee, Donald","contributorId":191127,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yee","given":"Donald","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":745624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Collins, Joshua N.","contributorId":150531,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Collins","given":"Joshua","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":12703,"text":"San Francisco Estuary Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":745625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schwarzbach, Steven E. steven_schwarzbach@usgs.gov","contributorId":1025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwarzbach","given":"Steven","email":"steven_schwarzbach@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":745626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Luoma, Samuel N. 0000-0001-5443-5091 snluoma@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5443-5091","contributorId":2287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"Samuel","email":"snluoma@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":745627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70235700,"text":"70235700 - 2003 - Historical and recent records and first nest records of Henslow's sparrow in North Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-15T19:46:20.419438","indexId":"70235700","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T15:46:08","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3111,"text":"Prairie Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Historical and recent records and first nest records of Henslow's sparrow in North Dakota","docAbstract":"The northwestern limit of the Henslow's sparrow (Ammodramus henslowii) breeding distribution occurs in southern Minnesota and central Wisconsin. In North Dakota, observations of Henslow's sparrows are reported infrequently, and there are no published nest records in the state. Herein, we summarize and review previous reports of Henslow's sparrows in North Dakota and document the first two nest records of Henslow's sparrow in the state.
","language":"English","publisher":"Great Plains Natural Science Society","usgsCitation":"Shaffer, J.A., Igl, L.D., and Vanhove, F., 2003, Historical and recent records and first nest records of Henslow's sparrow in North Dakota: Prairie Naturalist, v. 35, no. 2, p. 81-94.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"81","endPage":"94","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":405157,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":405156,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usgsnpwrc/159/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"North 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