Previous work throughout the Ilo region of south coastal Peru has documented the existence of flood and debris-flow deposits produced by two El Niño events evidently much more severe than any in recent history. These two events have been dated to ca. AD 1300–1400 and AD 1607–08. The Late Pleistocene to Holocene record of older sedimentary deposits in this region is dominated by flood and debris-flow deposits of similar scale. These older deposits have been described and dated from three coastal, alluvial-fan sites. These deposits, which are as old as 38 200 years, are dominated by massive debris-flow deposits, several tens of cm thick, typically composed of cobble- and boulder-sized clasts in a matrix of silty sand, with characteristics indicating generation by heavy rainfall in an arid environment. Twenty-two radiocarbon dates and a single infrared-stimulated luminescence date show that particularly severe El Niño events occurred throughout the Late Pleistocene and two of three divisions of the Holocene with significantly different frequencies. The period of greatest activity was during the Early Holocene when at least six such events took place during a period of ca. 3600 years, beginning near the end of the Younger Dryas ca. 12 000 years ago. One of these events produced a debris flow that may have caused abandonment of the Paleo-Indian site at Quebrada Tacahuay, one of the oldest on the Andean coast. No severe events took place during the Middle Holocene between ca. 8400 and 5300 years ago, when a wide variety of other paleoclimate proxy records indicate that the El Niño–Southern Oscillation regime was particularly weak. Since ca. 5300 years ago, four of these severe events have taken place. The Late Pleistocene sequence is constrained by only two dates, which indicate that at least ten severe events took place between ca. 38 200 and 12 900 years ago. Mechanisms probably responsible for generating these large-scale deposits include: (1) ‘Mega-Niños’ that produced anomalously heavy rainfall along most or all of the central Andean coast; (2) El Niños that occurred shortly after great earthquakes that produced large amounts of sediment; or (3) El Niños that produced anomalously heavy local rainfall. The existence of these large-scale deposits in the Ilo region implies a level of hazard much higher than indicated by the historical record alone
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0031-0182(03)00271-2","issn":"00310182","usgsCitation":"Keefer, D.K., Moseley, M.E., and deFrance, S.D., 2003, A 38,000-year record of floods and debris flows in the Ilo region of southern Peru and its relation to El Niño events and great earthquakes: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 194, no. 1-3, p. 41-77, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-0182(03)00271-2.","productDescription":"37 p.","startPage":"41","endPage":"77","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234620,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208696,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0031-0182(03)00271-2"}],"volume":"194","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"554c8caae4b082ec541284b2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keefer, David K.","contributorId":77930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keefer","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moseley, Michael E.","contributorId":36846,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moseley","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"deFrance, Susan D.","contributorId":90902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"deFrance","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70026137,"text":"70026137 - 2003 - Managing troubled data: Coastal data partnerships smooth data integration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-10T15:08:56","indexId":"70026137","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1552,"text":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","onlineIssn":"1573-2959","printIssn":"0167-6369","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Managing troubled data: Coastal data partnerships smooth data integration","docAbstract":"Understanding the ecology, condition, and changes of coastal areas requires data from many sources. Broad-scale and long-term ecological questions, such as global climate change, biodiversity, and cumulative impacts of human activities, must be addressed with databases that integrate data from several different research and monitoring programs. Various barriers, including widely differing data formats, codes, directories, systems, and metadata used by individual programs, make such integration troublesome. Coastal data partnerships, by helping overcome technical, social, and organizational barriers, can lead to a better understanding of environmental issues, and may enable better management decisions. Characteristics of successful data partnerships include a common need for shared data, strong collaborative leadership, committed partners willing to invest in the partnership, and clear agreements on data standards and data policy. Emerging data and metadata standards that become widely accepted are crucial. New information technology is making it easier to exchange and integrate data. Data partnerships allow us to create broader databases than would be possible for any one organization to create by itself.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1023/A:1021372923589","issn":"01676369","usgsCitation":"Hale, S., Hale, M.A., Bradley, M., Belton, T., Cooper, L., Frame, M., Friel, C., Harwell, L., King, R., Michener, W., Nicolson, D., and Peterjohn, B., 2003, Managing troubled data: Coastal data partnerships smooth data integration: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v. 81, no. 1-3, p. 133-148, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1021372923589.","startPage":"133","endPage":"148","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":37226,"text":"Core Science Analytics, Synthesis, and Libraries","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234521,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208640,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1021372923589"}],"volume":"81","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4c99e4b0c8380cd69d7e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hale, S.S.","contributorId":64001,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hale","given":"S.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hale, Miglarese A.","contributorId":49152,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hale","given":"Miglarese","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bradley, M.P.","contributorId":20122,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"M.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Belton, T.J.","contributorId":75730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belton","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cooper, L.D.","contributorId":94468,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooper","given":"L.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Frame, M.T.","contributorId":6618,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frame","given":"M.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Friel, C.A.","contributorId":74551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friel","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Harwell, L.M.","contributorId":51506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harwell","given":"L.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"King, R.E.","contributorId":53998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Michener, W.K.","contributorId":59139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michener","given":"W.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Nicolson, D.T.","contributorId":42763,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nicolson","given":"D.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Peterjohn, B.G.","contributorId":25255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterjohn","given":"B.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70026151,"text":"70026151 - 2003 - Microbial cycling of mercury in contaminated pelagic and wetland sediments of San Pablo Bay, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-19T08:10:38","indexId":"70026151","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1539,"text":"Environmental Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Microbial cycling of mercury in contaminated pelagic and wetland sediments of San Pablo Bay, California","docAbstract":"San Pablo Bay is an estuary, within northern San Francisco Bay, containing elevated sediment mercury (Hg) levels because of historic loading of hydraulic mining debris during the California gold-rush of the late 1800s. A preliminary investigation of benthic microbial Hg cycling was conducted in surface sediment (0–4 cm) collected from one salt-marsh and three open-water sites. A deeper profile (0–26 cm) was evaluated at one of the open-water locations. Radiolabeled model Hg-compounds were used to measure rates of both methylmercury (MeHg) production and degradation by bacteria. While all sites and depths had similar total-Hg concentrations (0.3–0.6 ppm), and geochemical signatures of mining debris (as εNd, range: –3.08 to –4.37), in-situ MeHg was highest in the marsh (5.4±3.5 ppb) and ≤0.7 ppb in all open-water sites. Microbial MeHg production (potential rate) in 0–4 surface sediments was also highest in the marsh (3.1 ng g–1 wet sediment day–1) and below detection (<0.06 ng g–1 wet sediment day–1) in open-water locations. The marsh exhibited a methylation/demethylation (M/D) ratio more than 25× that of all open-water locations. Only below the surface 0–4-cm horizon was significant MeHg production potential evident in the open-water sediment profile (0.2–1.1 ng g–1 wet sediment day–1). In-situ Hg methylation rates, calculated from radiotracer rate constants, and in-situ inorganic Hg(II) concentrations compared well with potential rates. However, similarly calculated in-situ rates of MeHg degradation were much lower than potential rates. These preliminary data indicate that wetlands surrounding San Pablo Bay represent important zones of MeHg production, more so than similarly Hg-contaminated adjacent open-water areas. This has significant implications for this and other Hg-impacted systems, where wetland expansion is currently planned.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00254-002-0623-y","issn":"09430105","usgsCitation":"Marvin-DiPasquale, M., Agee, J., Bouse, R.M., and Jaffe, B.E., 2003, Microbial cycling of mercury in contaminated pelagic and wetland sediments of San Pablo Bay, California: Environmental Geology, v. 43, no. 3, p. 260-267, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00254-002-0623-y.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"260","endPage":"267","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234772,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California ","otherGeospatial":"San Pablo Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": 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C.","contributorId":6605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marvin-DiPasquale","given":"M. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Agee, J.L. jlagee@usgs.gov","contributorId":103452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Agee","given":"J.L.","email":"jlagee@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bouse, R. M.","contributorId":33709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bouse","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jaffe, B. E.","contributorId":88327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaffe","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70026217,"text":"70026217 - 2003 - Living with a large reduction in permited loading by using a hydrograph-controlled release scheme","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:22","indexId":"70026217","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1552,"text":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","onlineIssn":"1573-2959","printIssn":"0167-6369","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Living with a large reduction in permited loading by using a hydrograph-controlled release scheme","docAbstract":"The Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) for ammonia and biochemical oxygen demand for the Pee Dee, Waccamaw, and Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway system near Myrtle Beach, South Carolina, mandated a 60-percent reduction in point-source loading. For waters with a naturally low background dissolved-oxygen concentrations, South Carolina anti-degradation rules in the water-quality regulations allows a permitted discharger a reduction of dissolved oxygen of 0.1 milligrams per liter (mg/L). This is known as the \"0.1 rule.\" Permitted dischargers within this region of the State operate under the \"0.1 rule\" and cannot cause a cumulative impact greater than 0.1 mg/L on dissolved-oxygen concentrations. For municipal water-reclamation facilities to serve the rapidly growing resort and retirement community near Myrtle Beach, a variable loading scheme was developed to allow dischargers to utilize increased assimilative capacity during higher streamflow conditions while still meeting the requirements of a recently established TMDL. As part of the TMDL development, an extensive real-time data-collection network was established in the lower Waccamaw and Pee Dee River watershed where continuous measurements of streamflow, water level, dissolved oxygen, temperature, and specific conductance are collected. In addition, the dynamic BRANCH/BLTM models were calibrated and validated to simulate the water quality and tidal dynamics of the system. The assimilative capacities for various streamflows were also analyzed. The variable-loading scheme established total loadings for three streamflow levels. Model simulations show the results from the additional loading to be less than a 0.1 mg/L reduction in dissolved oxygen. As part of the loading scheme, the real-time network was redesigned to monitor streamflow entering the study area and water-quality conditions in the location of dissolved-oxygen \"sags.\" The study reveals how one group of permit holders used a variable-loading scheme to implement restrictive permit limits without experiencing prohibitive capital expenditures or initiating a lengthy appeals process.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1023/A:1021316705843","issn":"01676369","usgsCitation":"Conrads, P., Martello, W., and Sullins, N., 2003, Living with a large reduction in permited loading by using a hydrograph-controlled release scheme: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v. 81, no. 1-3, p. 97-106, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1021316705843.","startPage":"97","endPage":"106","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208715,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1021316705843"},{"id":234668,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"81","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a48c2e4b0c8380cd680ed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Conrads, P.A.","contributorId":57493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conrads","given":"P.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Martello, W.P.","contributorId":8654,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martello","given":"W.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sullins, N.R.","contributorId":40393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sullins","given":"N.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70026284,"text":"70026284 - 2003 - Structural localization and origin of compartmentalized fluid flow, Comstock lode, Virginia City, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:37","indexId":"70026284","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Structural localization and origin of compartmentalized fluid flow, Comstock lode, Virginia City, Nevada","docAbstract":"Bonanza-grade orebodies in epithermal-style mineral deposits characteristically occur as discrete zones within spatially more extensive fault and/or fracture systems. Empirically, the segregation of such systems into compartments of higher and lower permeability appears to be a key process necessary for high-grade ore formation and, most commonly, it is such concentrations of metals that make an epithermal vein district world class. In the world-class silver- and gold-producing Comstock mining district, Nevada, several lines of evidence lead to the conclusion that the Comstock lode is localized in an extensional stepover between right-lateral fault zones. This evidence includes fault geometries, kinematic indicators of slip, the hydraulic connectivity of faults as demonstrated by veins and dikes along faults, and the opening of a normal-fault-bounded, asymmetric basin between two parallel and overlapping northwest-striking, lateral- to lateral-oblique-slip fault zones. During basin opening, thick, generally subeconomic, banded quartz-adularia veins were deposited in the normal fault zone, the Comstock fault, and along one of the bounding lateral fault zones, the Silver City fault. As deformation continued, the intrusion of dikes and small plugs into the hanging wall of the Comstock fault zone may have impeded the ability of the stepover to accommodate displacement on the bounding strike-slip faults through extension within the stepover. A transient period of transpressional deformation of the Comstock fault zone ensued, and the early-stage veins were deformed through boudinaging and hydraulic fragmentation, fault-motion inversion, and high- and low-angle axial rotations of segments of the fault planes and some fault-bounded wedges. This deformation led to the formation of spatially restricted compartments of high vertical permeability and hydraulic connectivity and low lateral hydraulic connectivity. Bonanza orebodies were formed in the compartmentalized zones of high permeability and hydraulic connectivity. As heat flow and related hydrothermal activitv waned along the Comstock fault zone, extension was reactivated in the stepover along the Occidental zone of normal faults east of the Comstock fault zone. Volcanic and related intrusive activity in this part of the stepover led to a new episode of hydrothermal activity and formation of the Occidental lodes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Economic Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Berger, B.R., Tingley, J., and Drew, L., 2003, Structural localization and origin of compartmentalized fluid flow, Comstock lode, Virginia City, Nevada: Economic Geology, v. 98, no. 2, p. 387-408.","startPage":"387","endPage":"408","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234041,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"98","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9bfae4b08c986b31d1d5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Berger, B. R.","contributorId":77914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berger","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tingley, J.V.","contributorId":60823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tingley","given":"J.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Drew, L.J.","contributorId":69157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drew","given":"L.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70026339,"text":"70026339 - 2003 - Factors influencing the regeneration of the mangrove Bruguiera gymnorrhiza (L.) Lamk. on a tropical Pacific island","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:24","indexId":"70026339","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1687,"text":"Forest Ecology and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Factors influencing the regeneration of the mangrove Bruguiera gymnorrhiza (L.) Lamk. on a tropical Pacific island","docAbstract":"Mangrove swamps occupy approximately two-thirds of the shoreline on Kosrae, Federated States of Micronesia (FSM), and also border the island's most populated areas. Kosraeans depend on mangrove swamps for a supply of wood to support a growing handicraft industry, for a dependable source of fuelwood, and for habitat to support the harvest of fish and mangrove crabs. One of the more prominent mangrove species on Kosrae is Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, yet it is not the most preferred species for carving or cooking. To evaluate B. gymnorrhiza's persistence in the intertidal and to develop a better understanding of factors influencing its regeneration, we investigated predispersal insect colonization of propagules, postdispersal propagule predation by crabs, and the relative effects of natural and artificial shade, salinity, and tidal flooding on early tree seedling survival and growth. Predispersal insect colonization of propagules by boring insects was very high (93%), but the damage did not seem to influence seedling survival. Postdispersal predation of B. gymnorrhiza propagules by crabs was low (17%) and did not change in gap versus understory plots. Predation did vary by intertidal location (lower intertidal > middle intertidal = upper intertidal), with lower predation occurring in an intertidal location with a B. gymnorrhiza-dominated overstory. Shade and tidal inundation reduced seedling growth more than salinity in greenhouse investigations, but sunlight had less positive influence on seedling growth in the field. In general, regeneration and growth occurred successfully under a variety of conditions, indicating that none of the factors investigated serve as strong regulators to B. gymnorrhiza regeneration and early growth on Kosrae. ?? 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Forest Ecology and Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0378-1127(02)00219-0","issn":"03781127","usgsCitation":"Krauss, K., and Allen, J.A., 2003, Factors influencing the regeneration of the mangrove Bruguiera gymnorrhiza (L.) Lamk. on a tropical Pacific island: Forest Ecology and Management, v. 176, no. 1-3, p. 49-60, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1127(02)00219-0.","startPage":"49","endPage":"60","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234402,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208574,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1127(02)00219-0"}],"volume":"176","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0ecfe4b0c8380cd53633","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krauss, K. W. 0000-0003-2195-0729","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2195-0729","contributorId":19517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krauss","given":"K. W.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":409078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Allen, J. A.","contributorId":82644,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Allen","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1015309,"text":"1015309 - 2003 - Challenges to reestablishment of free-ranging populations of black-footed ferrets","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-26T16:26:28","indexId":"1015309","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1303,"text":"Comptes Rendus - Biologies","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Challenges to reestablishment of free-ranging populations of black-footed ferrets","docAbstract":"The black-footed ferret (Mustela nigripes) of North America is critically endangered due in part to its extreme specialization on formerly stable and abundant prairie dogs (Cynomys). Its close relative, the Siberian polecat (M. eversmannii) seems to have been subjected to a varying environment that was not conducive to specialization. One source of environmental variation in Asian steppes was plague (caused by Yersina pestis), which was absent from North America. Introduction of plague to North America presents serious challenges to ferret recovery. Partial solutions to other biological and political problems have been found, resulting in improved production in captivity, increased survival post-release, and thriving populations in plague-free South Dakota.
","language":"English, French","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S1631-0691(03)00046-5","usgsCitation":"Biggins, E., and Godbey, J.L., 2003, Challenges to reestablishment of free-ranging populations of black-footed ferrets: Comptes Rendus - Biologies, v. 326, no. Supplement 1, p. 104-111, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1631-0691(03)00046-5.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"104","endPage":"111","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132963,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"326","issue":"Supplement 1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-08-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e5e4b07f02db5e6dc1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Biggins, E.","contributorId":88303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biggins","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Godbey, Jerry L.","contributorId":58988,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Godbey","given":"Jerry","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70025971,"text":"70025971 - 2003 - Signatures of the seismic source in EMD-based characterization of the 1994 Northridge, California, earthquake recordings","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-25T15:55:11","indexId":"70025971","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Signatures of the seismic source in EMD-based characterization of the 1994 Northridge, California, earthquake recordings","docAbstract":"In this article we use empirical mode decomposition (EMD) to characterize the 1994 Northridge, California, earthquake records and investigate the signatures carried over from the source rupture process. Comparison of the current study results with existing source inverse solutions that use traditional data processing suggests that the EMD-based characterization contains information that sheds light on aspects of the earthquake rupture process. We first summarize the fundamentals of the EMD and illustrate its features through the analysis of a hypothetical and a real record. Typically, the Northridge strong-motion records are decomposed into eight or nine intrinsic mode functions (IMF's), each of which emphasizes a different oscillation mode with different amplitude and frequency content. The first IMF has the highest-frequency content; frequency content decreases with an increase in IMF component. With the aid of a finite-fault inversion method, we then examine aspects of the source of the 1994 Northridge earthquake that are reflected in the second to fifth IMF components. This study shows that the second IMF is predominantly wave motion generated near the hypocenter, with high-frequency content that might be related to a large stress drop associated with the initiation of the earthquake. As one progresses from the second to the fifth IMF component, there is a general migration of the source region away from the hypocenter with associated longer-period signals as the rupture propagates. This study suggests that the different IMF components carry information on the earthquake rupture process that is expressed in their different frequency bands.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Stanford","doi":"10.1785/0120010285","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Zhang, R., Ma, S., and Hartzell, S., 2003, Signatures of the seismic source in EMD-based characterization of the 1994 Northridge, California, earthquake recordings: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 93, no. 1, p. 501-518, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120010285.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"501","endPage":"518","numberOfPages":"18","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234651,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.20602416992188,\n 34.36894463006109\n ],\n [\n -118.28224182128906,\n 34.371211682026164\n ],\n [\n -118.38729858398436,\n 34.35193978491414\n ],\n [\n -118.40309143066405,\n 34.18738185995052\n ],\n [\n -118.22937011718749,\n 34.14306652783193\n ],\n [\n -118.13323974609374,\n 34.17431693701009\n ],\n [\n -118.11538696289062,\n 34.275375297643876\n ],\n [\n -118.17649841308594,\n 34.35023911062779\n ],\n [\n -118.20602416992188,\n 34.36894463006109\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"93","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8f10e4b08c986b318ce3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zhang, R.R.","contributorId":18942,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"R.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ma, S.","contributorId":59189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ma","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hartzell, S.","contributorId":12603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartzell","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70025059,"text":"70025059 - 2003 - Imaging spectroscopy: Earth and planetary remote sensing with the USGS Tetracorder and expert systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-03T16:20:38","indexId":"70025059","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2317,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Imaging spectroscopy: Earth and planetary remote sensing with the USGS Tetracorder and expert systems","docAbstract":"Imaging spectroscopy is a tool that can be used to spectrally identify and spatially map materials based on their specific chemical bonds. Spectroscopic analysis requires significantly more sophistication than has been employed in conventional broadband remote sensing analysis. We describe a new system that is effective at material identification and mapping: a set of algorithms within an expert system decision‐making framework that we call Tetracorder. The expertise in the system has been derived from scientific knowledge of spectral identification. The expert system rules are implemented in a decision tree where multiple algorithms are applied to spectral analysis, additional expert rules and algorithms can be applied based on initial results, and more decisions are made until spectral analysis is complete. Because certain spectral features are indicative of specific chemical bonds in materials, the system can accurately identify and map those materials. In this paper we describe the framework of the decision making process used for spectral identification, describe specific spectral feature analysis algorithms, and give examples of what analyses and types of maps are possible with imaging spectroscopy data. We also present the expert system rules that describe which diagnostic spectral features are used in the decision making process for a set of spectra of minerals and other common materials. We demonstrate the applications of Tetracorder to identify and map surface minerals, to detect sources of acid rock drainage, and to map vegetation species, ice, melting snow, water, and water pollution, all with one set of expert system rules. Mineral mapping can aid in geologic mapping and fault detection and can provide a better understanding of weathering, mineralization, hydrothermal alteration, and other geologic processes. Environmental site assessment, such as mapping source areas of acid mine drainage, has resulted in the acceleration of site cleanup, saving millions of dollars and years in cleanup time. Imaging spectroscopy data and Tetracorder analysis can be used to study both terrestrial and planetary science problems. Imaging spectroscopy can be used to probe planetary systems, including their atmospheres, oceans, and land surfaces.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/2002JE001847","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Clark, R.N., Swayze, G.A., Livo, K., Kokaly, R.F., Sutley, S.J., Dalton, J.B., McDougal, R.R., and Gent, C.A., 2003, Imaging spectroscopy: Earth and planetary remote sensing with the USGS Tetracorder and expert systems: Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets, v. 108, no. 12, p. 1-44, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JE001847.","productDescription":"Article 5; 44 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"44","costCenters":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236133,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"108","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-12-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3884e4b0c8380cd615cf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, Roger N. 0000-0002-7021-1220 rclark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7021-1220","contributorId":515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Roger","email":"rclark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":403639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Swayze, Gregg A. 0000-0002-1814-7823 gswayze@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1814-7823","contributorId":518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swayze","given":"Gregg","email":"gswayze@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":309,"text":"Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":403641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Livo, K. Eric 0000-0001-7331-8130","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7331-8130","contributorId":17886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Livo","given":"K. Eric","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kokaly, Raymond F. 0000-0003-0276-7101 raymond@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0276-7101","contributorId":150717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kokaly","given":"Raymond","email":"raymond@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":403643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sutley, Steve J.","contributorId":33774,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sutley","given":"Steve","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dalton, J. Brad","contributorId":90831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dalton","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Brad","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"McDougal, Robert R. rmcdouga@usgs.gov","contributorId":1812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDougal","given":"Robert","email":"rmcdouga@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Gent, Carol A.","contributorId":40646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gent","given":"Carol","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":1001863,"text":"1001863 - 2003 - Predator exclusion methods for managing endangered shorebirds: Are two barriers better than one?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-03-14T17:34:27.389673","indexId":"1001863","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3731,"text":"Waterbirds","onlineIssn":"19385390","printIssn":"15244695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predator exclusion methods for managing endangered shorebirds: Are two barriers better than one?","docAbstract":"Reproductive success of shorebirds can be improved by placement of predator exclosure fences along beaches or wire-mesh exclosure “cages” over nests. We predicted that these two types of exclosures used simultaneously might further improve reproductive success over that when cages alone are used. Field experiments were carried out on Piping Plovers (Charadrius melodus) on prairie alkali lakes in North Dakota and Montana. During 1996 and 1997, we compared success of nesting plover pairs provided with: (1) no protection, (2) cages that protected eggs in individual nests from both mammalian and avian predators, and (3) a combination of cages plus a temporary electric fence that excluded mammalian predators from the entire nesting beach where chicks were being reared. In 20 replicated trials, fledgling production rates were: no protection, 0.72 chicks/pair (95% CI: 0.29-1.15, N = 43 pairs); cage only, 1.73 (1.30-2.16, N = 46); fence plus cage, 2.06 (1.63-2.49, N = 50). Production by protected pairs was significantly greater than for unprotected pairs. However, no significant difference in production was detected between the two protection types. Temporary electric fences were relatively expensive to apply and added little to the effectiveness of cages, but may be appropriate in situations where cages cannot be used or where mammalian predation on chicks is a greater threat.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Waterbird Society","doi":"10.1675/1524-4695(2003)026[0156:PEMFME]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Murphy, R.K., Greenwood, R.J., Ivan, J., and Smith, K.A., 2003, Predator exclusion methods for managing endangered shorebirds: Are two barriers better than one?: Waterbirds, v. 26, no. 2, p. 156-159, https://doi.org/10.1675/1524-4695(2003)026[0156:PEMFME]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"156","endPage":"159","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130389,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana, North Dakota","county":"Divide County, McLean County, Mountrail County, Sheridan County, Ward County, Williams County","city":"Lostwood","otherGeospatial":"Williams Preserve","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -101.00006103515625,\n 47.48217672294507\n ],\n [\n -100.70102691650389,\n 47.48217672294507\n ],\n [\n -100.70102691650389,\n 47.58856790334661\n ],\n [\n -101.00006103515625,\n 47.58856790334661\n ],\n [\n -101.00006103515625,\n 47.48217672294507\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -102.7056884765625,\n 48.38817819201506\n ],\n [\n -102.1453857421875,\n 48.38817819201506\n ],\n [\n -102.1453857421875,\n 48.59341332926223\n ],\n [\n -102.7056884765625,\n 48.59341332926223\n ],\n [\n -102.7056884765625,\n 48.38817819201506\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -104.6832275390625,\n 47.97889140226657\n ],\n [\n -103.1781005859375,\n 47.97889140226657\n ],\n [\n -103.1781005859375,\n 48.99824008113872\n ],\n [\n -104.6832275390625,\n 48.99824008113872\n ],\n [\n -104.6832275390625,\n 47.97889140226657\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"26","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acfe4b07f02db67ff6e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Murphy, Robert K.","contributorId":67643,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Murphy","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":56253,"text":"Eagle Environmental, Inc","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":311977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Greenwood, R. J.","contributorId":74326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greenwood","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ivan, Jacob S.","contributorId":200243,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ivan","given":"Jacob S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smith, Karen A.","contributorId":77477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Karen","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70026002,"text":"70026002 - 2003 - Morphometric and histopathological parameters of gonadal development in adult common carp from contaminated and reference sites in Lake Mead, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-24T16:37:17.972046","indexId":"70026002","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2177,"text":"Journal of Aquatic Animal Health","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Morphometric and histopathological parameters of gonadal development in adult common carp from contaminated and reference sites in Lake Mead, Nevada","docAbstract":"This study examined the hypothesis that exposure to sublethal concentrations of contaminants alters the gonadal condition of feral common carp Cyprinus carpio. Adult common carp in Lake Mead, Nevada, were collected from a contaminated site (Las Vegas Bay) that receives municipal and industrial effluent and from a reference site (Overton Arm) with a relatively low level of contamination. Fish were sampled seven times over a 1-year period extending over two separate spawning seasons. Morphometric and histopathological parameters of gonadal and germ cell development were determined. In males, the pattern of seasonal changes in the gonadosomatic index (GSI) was similar between the sites and showed no clear association with site-specific seasonal temperature profiles. However, Las Vegas Bay males had consistently lower GSI values and, on one of the sampling dates, a lower proportion of sperm relative to other germ cell stages (determined histologically). Further, Las Vegas Bay males had a higher incidence of gonadal macrophage aggregates, which are putative tissue biomarkers of contaminant exposure in fishes. In females, seasonal GSI profiles, the frequency of fish with postovulatory follicles (an index of spawning activity), and the timing of new follicle recruitment all showed differences between sites, but these differences generally matched differences in water temperature profile. Also, the peak size-frequency of full-grown follicles did not differ between sites, and estimates of fecundity for the second spawning season indicated that females from the reference site unexpectedly produced a lower number of gametes. Overall, site differences in gonadal condition were observed in carp of both sexes but they seemed to be associated with site differences in contaminant levels only in males. The apparent lack of association between contaminant level and gonadal condition in female carp from mildly mesotrophic Lake Mead may indicate a lack of contaminant effects in females or a confounding effect of the higher nutrient loads in the Las Vegas Bay environment.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1577/1548-8667(2003)015<0055:MAHPOG>2.0.CO;2","issn":"08997659","usgsCitation":"Patino, R., Goodbred, S.L., Draugelis-Dale, R., Barry, C.E., Foott, J.S., Wainscott, M.R., Gross, T., and Covay, K., 2003, Morphometric and histopathological parameters of gonadal development in adult common carp from contaminated and reference sites in Lake Mead, Nevada: Journal of Aquatic Animal Health, v. 15, no. 1, p. 55-68, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8667(2003)015<0055:MAHPOG>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"55","endPage":"68","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234582,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Lake Mead","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.85931396484374,\n 36.07629718752892\n ],\n [\n -114.76867675781249,\n 36.07629718752892\n ],\n [\n -114.76867675781249,\n 36.132883744079486\n ],\n [\n -114.85931396484374,\n 36.132883744079486\n ],\n [\n -114.85931396484374,\n 36.07629718752892\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.43153381347656,\n 36.42183496700228\n ],\n [\n -114.30381774902344,\n 36.42183496700228\n ],\n [\n -114.30381774902344,\n 36.53060536411363\n ],\n [\n -114.43153381347656,\n 36.53060536411363\n ],\n [\n -114.43153381347656,\n 36.42183496700228\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"15","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5e60e4b0c8380cd709c8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Patino, R.","contributorId":39915,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patino","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goodbred, S. L.","contributorId":58232,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goodbred","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Draugelis-Dale, R. 0000-0001-8532-3287","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8532-3287","contributorId":86943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Draugelis-Dale","given":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":407460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Barry, C. E.","contributorId":46275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barry","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Foott, J. Scott","contributorId":28416,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Foott","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Scott","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wainscott, M. R.","contributorId":46276,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wainscott","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Gross, T. S.","contributorId":95828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gross","given":"T. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Covay, K.J.","contributorId":44948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Covay","given":"K.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70024966,"text":"70024966 - 2003 - Effects of carbaryl on green frog (Rana clamitans) tadpoles: Timing of exposure versus multiple exposures","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:05","indexId":"70024966","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of carbaryl on green frog (Rana clamitans) tadpoles: Timing of exposure versus multiple exposures","docAbstract":"The majority of studies on pesticide impacts have evaluated the effects of single exposures. However, multiple exposures to a pesticide may be more prevalent. The objective of our study was to determine how multiple exposures versus single exposure at different times during development affected survival to metamorphosis, tadpole survival, tadpole mass, and tadpole developmental stage of green frog (Rana clamitans) tadpoles reared at low and high density in outdoor cattle tank ponds. Tadpoles were exposed to carbaryl zero, one, two, or three times at 14-d intervals. We applied single doses of carbaryl at one of three times, specifically during early, mid, or late development. Overall, we found that multiple exposures had a greater impact than single exposures during development. More individuals reached metamorphosis in ponds exposed to multiple doses of carbaryl compared with controls, indicating that the presence of carbaryl stimulated metamorphosis. The presence of carbaryl in the aquatic environment also resulted in more developed tadpoles compared with controls. Tadpoles in control ponds did not reach metamorphosis and were less developed than individuals exposed to carbaryl; this effect indicates that, under ideal conditions, green frogs could overwinter in ponds so that greater size could be attained before metamorphosis in the following spring or summer. Our study demonstrated the importance of including realistic application procedures when evaluating the effects of a pesticide and that multiple exposures to a short-lived pesticide are more likely to affect an amphibian population.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1897/02-401","issn":"07307268","usgsCitation":"Boone, M., and Bridges, C., 2003, Effects of carbaryl on green frog (Rana clamitans) tadpoles: Timing of exposure versus multiple exposures: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 22, no. 11, p. 2695-2702, https://doi.org/10.1897/02-401.","startPage":"2695","endPage":"2702","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233077,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207838,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1897/02-401"}],"volume":"22","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-11-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a06a4e4b0c8380cd5134c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boone, M.D.","contributorId":31157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boone","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bridges, C.M.","contributorId":104652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bridges","given":"C.M.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":403285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70024934,"text":"70024934 - 2003 - The Pleistocene evolution of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet in the Prydz bay region: Stable isotopic evidence from ODP Site 1167","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:09","indexId":"70024934","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1844,"text":"Global and Planetary Change","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Pleistocene evolution of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet in the Prydz bay region: Stable isotopic evidence from ODP Site 1167","docAbstract":"Ocean Drilling Program Leg 188, Prydz Bay, East Antarctica is part of a larger initiative to explore the Cenozoic history of the Antarctic Ice Sheet through direct drilling and sampling of the continental margins. In this paper, we present stable isotopic results from Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 1167 located on the Prydz Channel Trough Mouth Fan (TMF), the first Antarctic TMF to be drilled. The foraminifer-based ??18O record is interpreted along with sedimentary and downhole logging evidence to reconstruct the Quaternary glacial history of Prydz Bay and the adjacent Lambert Glacier Amery Ice Shelf System (LGAISS). We report an electron spin resonance age date of 36. 9 ?? 3.3 ka at 0.45 m below sea floor and correlate suspected glacial-interglacial cycles with the global isotopic stratigraphy to improve the chronology for Site 1167. The ??18O record based on planktonic (Neogloboquadrina pachyderma (s.)) and limited benthic results (Globocassidulina crassa), indicates a trend of ice sheet expansion that was interrupted by a period of reduced ice volume and possibly warmer conditions during the early-mid-Pleistocene (0.9-1.38 Ma). An increase in ?? 18O values after ??? 900 ka appears to coincide with the mid-Pleistocene climate transition and the expansion of the northern hemisphere ice sheet. The ??18O record in the upper 50 m of the stratigraphic section indicates as few as three glacial-interglacial cycles, tentatively assigned as marine isotopic stages (MIS) 16-21, are preserved since the Brunhes/Matuyama paleomagnetic reversal (780 ka). This suggests that there is a large unconformity near the top of the section and/or that there may have been few extreme advances of the ice sheet since the mid-Pleistocene climate transition resulting in lowered sedimentation rates on the Prydz Channel TMF. The stable isotopic record from Site 1167 is one of the few available from the area south of the Antarctic Polar Front that has been linked with the global isotopic stratigraphy. Our results suggest the potential for the recovery of useful stable isotopic records in other TMFs. ?? 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Global and Planetary Change","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0921-8181(03)00118-8","issn":"09218181","usgsCitation":"Theissen, K., Dunbar, R., Cooper, A.K., Mucciarone, D., and Hoffmann, D., 2003, The Pleistocene evolution of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet in the Prydz bay region: Stable isotopic evidence from ODP Site 1167: Global and Planetary Change, v. 39, no. 3-4, p. 227-256, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0921-8181(03)00118-8.","startPage":"227","endPage":"256","numberOfPages":"30","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207901,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0921-8181(03)00118-8"},{"id":233183,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba88ce4b08c986b321cd7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Theissen, K. M.","contributorId":22119,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Theissen","given":"K. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dunbar, R. B.","contributorId":92834,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dunbar","given":"R. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cooper, A. K.","contributorId":50149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooper","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mucciarone, D.A.","contributorId":80865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mucciarone","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hoffmann, D.","contributorId":61555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffmann","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70024914,"text":"70024914 - 2003 - Evaluation of undiscovered natural gas in the Upper Cretaceous Ferron Coal/Wasatch Plateau Total Petroleum System, Wasatch Plateau and Castle Valley, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:11","indexId":"70024914","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of undiscovered natural gas in the Upper Cretaceous Ferron Coal/Wasatch Plateau Total Petroleum System, Wasatch Plateau and Castle Valley, Utah","docAbstract":"The Total Petroleum System approach was used to estimate undiscovered gas potential of the Wasatch Plateau and Castle Valley, central Utah. The Ferron Coal/Wasatch Plateau Total Petroleum System was geologically defined and subdivided into seven assessment units, six of which were formally evaluated. Geologic data considered in defining the assessment unit boundaries included thermal maturity, coal presence and thickness, overburden thickness, and faulting intensity. Historical production data were also used to estimate volumes of gas from undrilled areas. The one conventional assessment unit includes almost the entire area of the petroleum system and is characterized by known accumulations that occur in structural or combination traps in sandstone reservoirs. The estimated undiscovered conventional producible gas that may be added to reserves of this unit ranges from a low (F95) of 14.8 billion cubic feet (BCFG) [419 million cubic meters (Mm3)] of gas to a high (F5) of 82 BCFG [2321 Mm3] and a mean value of 39.9 BCFG [1130 Mm3]. Continuous gas accumulations are those in which the entire assessment unit is considered to be gas-charged. Within these assessment units, there may be wells drilled that are not economic successes but all are expected to contain gas. Coalbed gas is in this continuous category. Mean estimates of undiscovered gas for the five continuous assessment units are: (1) Northern Coal Fairway/Drunkards Wash-752.3 BCFG [21,323 Mm3]; (2) Central Coal Fairway/Buzzard Bench-536.7 BCFG [15,194 Mm3]; (3) Southern Coal Fairway-152.6 BCFG [4320 Mm3]; (4) Deep (6000 feet plus) Coal and Sandstone-59.1 BCFG [1673 Mm3]; (5) Southern Coal Outcrop-10.6 BCFG [300 Mm3]; and Joes Valley and Musinia Grabens-not assessed.The mean estimate of undiscovered gas for the entire TPS is 1551.2 BCFG [43,914 Mm3]. There is a 95% chance that at least 855.7 BCFG [24,225 Mm3] and a 5% chance that at least 2504 BCFG [70,888 Mm3] of undiscovered producible gas remain in the TPS. ?? 2003 Published by Elsevier B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Coal Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0166-5162(03)00073-9","issn":"01665162","usgsCitation":"Henry, M.E., and Finn, T., 2003, Evaluation of undiscovered natural gas in the Upper Cretaceous Ferron Coal/Wasatch Plateau Total Petroleum System, Wasatch Plateau and Castle Valley, Utah: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 56, no. 1-2, p. 3-37, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-5162(03)00073-9.","startPage":"3","endPage":"37","numberOfPages":"35","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207703,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0166-5162(03)00073-9"},{"id":232863,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"56","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0d02e4b0c8380cd52daf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Henry, M. E.","contributorId":103734,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henry","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Finn, T.M. 0000-0001-6396-9351","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6396-9351","contributorId":65495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finn","given":"T.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70024874,"text":"70024874 - 2003 - Historic range of variability in landscape structure in subalpine forests of the Greater Yellowstone Area, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:11","indexId":"70024874","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2602,"text":"Landscape Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Historic range of variability in landscape structure in subalpine forests of the Greater Yellowstone Area, USA","docAbstract":"A measure of the historic range of variability (HRV) in landscape structure is essential for evaluating current landscape patterns of Rocky Mountain coniferous forests that have been subjected to intensive timber harvest. We used a geographic information system (GIS) and FRAGSTATS to calculate key landscape metrics on two ???130,000-ha landscapes in the Greater Yellowstone Area, USA: one in Yellowstone National Park (YNP), which has been primarily shaped by natural fires, and a second in the adjacent Targhee National Forest (TNF), which has undergone intensive clearcutting for nearly 30 years. Digital maps of the current and historical landscape in YNP were developed from earlier stand age maps developed by Romme and Despain. Maps of the TNF landscape were adapted from United States Forest Service Resource Information System (RIS) data. Key landscape metrics were calculated at 20-yr intervals for YNP for the period from 1705-1995. These metrics were used to first evaluate the relative effects of small vs. large fire events on landscape structure and were then compared to similar metrics calculated for both pre- and post-harvest landscapes of the TNF. Large fires, such as those that burned in 1988, produced a structurally different landscape than did previous, smaller fires (1705-1985). The total number of patches of all types was higher after 1988 (694 vs. 340-404 before 1988), and mean patch size was reduced by almost half (186 ha vs. 319-379 ha). The amount of unburned forest was less following the 1988 fires (63% vs. 72-90% prior to 1988), yet the number of unburned patches increased by nearly an order of magnitude (230 vs. a maximum of 41 prior to 1988). Total core area and mean core area per patch decreased after 1988 relative to smaller fires (???73,700 ha vs. 87,000-110,000 ha, and 320 ha vs. 2,123 ha, respectively). Notably, only edge density was similar (17 m ha-1 after 1988) to earlier landscapes (9.8-14.2 m ha-1). Three decades of timber harvesting dramatically altered landscape structure in the TNF. Total number of patches increased threefold (1,481 after harvest vs. 437 before harvest), and mean patch size decreased by ???70% (91.3 ha vs. 309 ha). None of the post-harvest landscape metrics calculated for the TNF fell within the HRV as defined in YNP, even when the post-1988 landscape was considered. In contrast, pre-harvest TNF landscape metrics were all within, or very nearly within, the HRV for YNP While reference conditions such as those identified by this study are useful for local and regional landscape evaluation and planning, additional research is necessary to understand the consequences of changes in landscape structure for population, community, ecosystem, and landscape function.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Landscape Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1023/A:1026156900092","issn":"09212973","usgsCitation":"Tinker, D., Romme, W., and Despain, D.G., 2003, Historic range of variability in landscape structure in subalpine forests of the Greater Yellowstone Area, USA: Landscape Ecology, v. 18, no. 4, p. 427-439, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1026156900092.","startPage":"427","endPage":"439","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232860,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207701,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026156900092"}],"volume":"18","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3162e4b0c8380cd5dea3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tinker, D.B.","contributorId":39163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tinker","given":"D.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Romme, W.H.","contributorId":89307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Romme","given":"W.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Despain, Don G.","contributorId":31147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Despain","given":"Don","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":402969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70024869,"text":"70024869 - 2003 - Geology and geochemistry of the Reocín zinc-lead deposit, Basque-Cantabrian Basin, Northern Spain","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-27T18:56:17.425921","indexId":"70024869","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geology and geochemistry of the Reocín zinc-lead deposit, Basque-Cantabrian Basin, Northern Spain","docAbstract":"The Reocín Zn-Pb deposit, 30 km southwest of Santander, Spain, occurs within Lower Cretaceous dolomitized Urgonian limestones on the southern flank of the Santillana syncline. The Reocín deposit is one of the largest known strata-bound, carbonate-hosted, zinc-lead deposits in Europe. The total metal endowment of the deposit, including past production and remaining reserves, is 62 Mt of ore grading 8.7 percent Zn and 1.0 percent Pb. The epigenetic mineralization consists of sphalerite and galena, with lesser marcasite and trace pyrite with dolomite as gangue. Microprobe analyses of different generations of dolomite revealed nonstoichiometric compositions with various amounts of iron (up to 14 mol % of FeCO 3). Replacement of host dolomite, open-space filling of fractures, and cementation of breccias derived from dissolution collapse are the principal types of ore occurrence. Detailed cross-section mapping indicates a stratigraphic and structural control on the deposit. A stratiform morphology is present in the western part of the orebody (Capa Sur), whereas mineralization in the eastern part is highly discordant but strata bound (Barrendera). Stratigraphic studies demonstrate that synsedimentary tectonic activity, related to the rifting of the North Atlantic (Bay of Biscay), was responsible for variation in sedimentation, presence of unconformities (including paleokarsts), local platform emergence and dolomitization along the N60 fault trend. In the Reocín area, two stages of dolomitization are recognized. The first stage is a pervasive dolomitization of the limestone country rocks that was controlled by faulting and locally affected the upper part of the Aptian and the complete Albian sequence. The second dolomitization event occurred after erosion and was controlled by karstic cavities. This later dolomitization was accompanied by ore deposition and, locally, filling of dolomite sands and clastic sediments in karstic cavities. The circulation of hydrothermal fluids responsible for sulfide deposition and the infilling of karst cavities were broadly contemporaneous, indicating a post-Albian age. Vitrinite reflectance data are consistent with previously measured fluid inclusion temperatures and indicate temperatures of ore deposition that were less than 100°C. Carbon and oxygen isotopic data from samples of regional limestone, host-rock dolostone and ore-stage dolomite suggest an early hydrothermal alteration of limestone to dolostone. This initial dolomitization was followed by a second period of dolomite formation produced by the mixing of basinal metal-rich fluids with local modified seawater. Both dolomitization events occurred under similar conditions from fluids exhibiting characteristics of basinal brines. The δ 34S values of sulfides are between -1.8 and +8.5 per mil, which is consistent with thermochemical sulfate reduction involving organic matter as the main source of reduced sulfur. Galena lead isotope compositions are among the most radiogenic values reported for Zn-Pb occurrences in Europe, and they are distinct from values reported for galena from other Basque-Cantabrian deposits. This suggests that a significant part of the lead was scavenged from the local underlying Asturian sediments. The stratigraphic and structural setting, timing of epigenetic mineralization, mineralogy, and isotopic geochemistry of sulfide and gangue minerals of the Reocín deposit are consistent with the features of most of Mississippi Valley-type ore deposits.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.98.7.1371","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Velasco, F., Herrero, J.M., Yusta, I., Alonso, J.A., Seebold, I., and Leach, D., 2003, Geology and geochemistry of the Reocín zinc-lead deposit, Basque-Cantabrian Basin, Northern Spain: Economic Geology, v. 98, no. 7, p. 1371-1396, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.98.7.1371.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"1371","endPage":"1396","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":387492,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Spain","otherGeospatial":"northern Spain","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -9.3603515625,\n 41.21172151054787\n ],\n [\n 3.427734375,\n 41.21172151054787\n ],\n [\n 3.427734375,\n 43.96119063892024\n ],\n [\n -9.3603515625,\n 43.96119063892024\n ],\n [\n -9.3603515625,\n 41.21172151054787\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"98","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a22e3e4b0c8380cd57411","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Velasco, Francisco","contributorId":58060,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Velasco","given":"Francisco","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Herrero, Jose Miguel","contributorId":92019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herrero","given":"Jose","email":"","middleInitial":"Miguel","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Yusta, Inaki","contributorId":8261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yusta","given":"Inaki","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Alonso, Jose Antonio","contributorId":45871,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alonso","given":"Jose","email":"","middleInitial":"Antonio","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Seebold, Ignacio","contributorId":43537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seebold","given":"Ignacio","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Leach, David","contributorId":41076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leach","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":1008393,"text":"1008393 - 2003 - Movements of Gulf sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi) in nearshore habitat as determined by acoustic telemetry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-06T16:46:31.896384","indexId":"1008393","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1873,"text":"Gulf of Mexico Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Movements of Gulf sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi) in nearshore habitat as determined by acoustic telemetry","title":"Movements of Gulf sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi) in nearshore habitat as determined by acoustic telemetry","docAbstract":"Gulf sturgeon were tagged with telemetry tags and were tracked and relocated in fall and early winter of 1996 and 1998 to determine migration patterns and winter feeding habitats after they emigrated from the Suwannee River, Florida, into the Gulf of Mexico. We hypothesized that their migration would generally follow the drowned Suwannee River channel across the West Florida shelf. Fish left the river in late Oct. or early Nov., about the time river water temperatures fell below 20 C. Tracked and relocated fish moved slowly and remained offshore of Suwannee Sound in nearby shallow (<6 m) marine-estuarine habitats until at least mid or late Dec. The relatively small area (~115km2) within which fish were consistently relocated in 1998 probably is a critically important feeding habitat because adult Gulf sturgeon, which do not feed while in the river, occupy it for up to half their short (4-5 mo) marine residency. The fish left the area in late Dec. or early Jan., most likely in response to powerful cold front-generated weather conditions (under which, boat-based acoustic tracking is infeasible). A large (1,760 km2) adjacent area was searched for sonic-tagged sturgeon in early Jan. 1999, but only one was relocated (~50 km northwest of the Nov.-Dec. area). Although we were unable to address the hypothesis that their migration follows the Suwannee paleochannel, the results do indicate that Gulf sturgeon move to yet unknown, distant, late-winter feeding areas of the Gulf of Mexico before returning to the river in spring.
","language":"English","publisher":"University of Southern Mississippi","doi":"10.18785/goms.2101.05","usgsCitation":"Edwards, R.E., Sulak, K., Grimes, C.B., and Randall, M., 2003, Movements of Gulf sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi) in nearshore habitat as determined by acoustic telemetry: Gulf of Mexico Science, v. 21, no. 1, p. 59-70, https://doi.org/10.18785/goms.2101.05.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"59","endPage":"70","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":486964,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.18785/goms.2101.05","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":132693,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Mexico, Suwannee Reef, Suwannee River, Suwannee Sound","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -83.49609375,\n 29.08977693862319\n ],\n [\n -82.97561645507812,\n 29.08977693862319\n ],\n [\n -82.97561645507812,\n 29.354648639004846\n ],\n [\n -83.49609375,\n 29.354648639004846\n ],\n [\n -83.49609375,\n 29.08977693862319\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"21","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b02e4b07f02db698c57","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Edwards, R. E.","contributorId":92211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sulak, K. J. 0000-0002-4795-9310","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4795-9310","contributorId":76690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sulak","given":"K. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grimes, Craig B.","contributorId":68261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grimes","given":"Craig","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Randall, M.","contributorId":106060,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Randall","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70026004,"text":"70026004 - 2003 - Modelling hydrologic responses in a small forested catchment (Panola Mountain, Georgia, USA): A comparison of the original and a new dynamic TOPMODEL","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:24","indexId":"70026004","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modelling hydrologic responses in a small forested catchment (Panola Mountain, Georgia, USA): A comparison of the original and a new dynamic TOPMODEL","docAbstract":"Preliminary modelling results for a new version of the rainfall-runoff model TOPMODEL, dynamic TOPMODEL, are compared with those of the original TOPMODEL formulation for predicting streamflow at the Panola Mountain Research Watershed, Georgia. Dynamic TOPMODEL uses a kinematic wave routing of subsurface flow, which allows for dynamically variable upslope contributing areas, while retaining the concept of hydrological similarity to increase computational efficiency. Model performance in predicting discharge was assessed for the original TOPMODEL and for one landscape unit (LU) and three LU versions of the dynamic TOPMODEL (a bare rock area, hillslope with regolith <1 m, and a riparian zone with regolith ???5 m). All simulations used a 30 min time step for each of three water years. Each 1-LU model underpredicted the peak streamflow, and generally overpredicted recession streamflow during wet periods and underpredicted during dry periods. The difference between predicted recession streamflow generally was less for the dynamic TOPMODEL and smallest for the 3-LU model. Bayesian combination of results for different water years within the GLUE methodology left no behavioural original or 1-LU dynamic models and only 168 (of 96 000 sample parameter sets) for the 3-LU model. The efficiency for the streamflow prediction of the best 3-LU model was 0.83 for an individual year, but the results suggest that further improvements could be made. ?? 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrological Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/hyp.1128","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Peters, N., Freer, J., and Beven, K., 2003, Modelling hydrologic responses in a small forested catchment (Panola Mountain, Georgia, USA): A comparison of the original and a new dynamic TOPMODEL: Hydrological Processes, v. 17, no. 2, p. 345-362, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.1128.","startPage":"345","endPage":"362","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208694,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.1128"},{"id":234616,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-01-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5c6be4b0c8380cd6fca2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peters, N.E.","contributorId":33332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peters","given":"N.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Freer, J.","contributorId":61975,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freer","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Beven, K.","contributorId":25320,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beven","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1000996,"text":"1000996 - 2003 - Planning and executing a lampricide treatment of the St. Marys River using georeferenced data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:45","indexId":"1000996","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Planning and executing a lampricide treatment of the St. Marys River using georeferenced data","docAbstract":"The St. Marys River is believed to be the primary source of sea lampreys (Petromyzon marinus) in Lake Huron. Planning or evaluating lampricide treatments required knowing where lampricides could effectively be placed and where larvae were located. Accurate maps of larval density were therefore critical to formulating or evaluating management strategies using lampricides. Larval abundance was systematically assessed with a deepwater electrofishing device at 12,000 georeferenced locations during 1993 to 1996. Maps were produced from catches at those locations, providing georeferenced detail previously unavailable. Catches were processed with a geographic information system (GIS), to create a map of larval density. Whole-river treatment scenarios using TFM (3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol) were evaluated by combining the map with one of lethal conditions predicted by a lampricide-transport model. The map was also used to evaluate spot treatment scenarios with a granular, bottom-release formulation of another lampricide, Bayluscide (2',5-dichloro-4'-nitro-salicylanilide). Potential high-density plots for Bayluscide treatment were selected from the map and estimates of area, cost, and larval population were developed using the GIS. Plots were ranked by the cost per larva killed. Spot treatments were found to be more cost effective than a conventional TFM treatment and Bayluscide was applied to 82 ha in 1998 and 759 ha in 1999. Effectiveness was estimated with stratified-random sampling before and after treatment in 1999 at 35%. Ten percent already had been removed in 1998, for a total reduction of 45% percent. This marked a change in how research and planning were combined in sea lamprey management to minimize treatment costs and evaluate success.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"Out-of-print","usgsCitation":"Fodale, M.F., Bergstedt, R.A., Cuddy, D.W., Adams, J.V., and Stolyarenko, D.A., 2003, Planning and executing a lampricide treatment of the St. Marys River using georeferenced data: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 29, p. 706-716.","productDescription":"p. 706-716","startPage":"706","endPage":"716","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133634,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad9e4b07f02db68521e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fodale, Michael F.","contributorId":18309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fodale","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bergstedt, Roger A. rbergstedt@usgs.gov","contributorId":4174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergstedt","given":"Roger","email":"rbergstedt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":310134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cuddy, Douglas W.","contributorId":77474,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cuddy","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Adams, Jean V. 0000-0002-9101-068X jvadams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9101-068X","contributorId":3140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Jean","email":"jvadams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":310133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stolyarenko, Dimitri A.","contributorId":8813,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stolyarenko","given":"Dimitri","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":1000992,"text":"1000992 - 2003 - Historic and modern abundance of wild lean lake trout in Michigan waters of Lake Superior: Implications for restoration goals","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-23T09:08:07","indexId":"1000992","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Historic and modern abundance of wild lean lake trout in Michigan waters of Lake Superior: Implications for restoration goals","docAbstract":"Populations of lake trout Salvelinus namaycush in Lake Superior collapsed in the late 1950s due to overfishing and predation by sea lampreys Petromyzon marinus. A binational effort to restore the lean morphotype of lake trout began with the stocking of hatchery-reared fish followed by the chemical control of sea lampreys and closure of the commercial fishery. Previous comparisons of the contemporary abundance of wild lean lake trout with that from historic commercial fishery statistics indicate that abundance was higher historically. However, this conclusion may be biased because several factors—the inclusion of siscowet (the “fat” morphotype of lake trout) in the catch statistics, the soak time of nets, seasonal effects on catch per effort, and the confounding effects of effort targeted at lake whitefish Coregonus clupeaformis—were not accounted for. We developed new indices of historic lean lake trout abundance that correct for these biases and compared them with the assessment data from 1984 to 1998 in Michigan waters of Lake Superior. The modern (1984–1998) abundance of wild lean lake trout is at least as high as that during 1929–1943 in six of eight management areas but lower in one area. Measures to promote and protect naturally reproducing populations have been more successful than previously realized.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8675(2003)023<0100:HAMAOW>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Wilberg, M.J., Hansen, M.J., and Bronte, C.R., 2003, Historic and modern abundance of wild lean lake trout in Michigan waters of Lake Superior: Implications for restoration goals: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 23, no. 1, p. 100-108, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(2003)023<0100:HAMAOW>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"100","endPage":"108","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128498,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae1e4b07f02db68863d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilberg, Michael J.","contributorId":36494,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilberg","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hansen, Michael J. 0000-0001-8522-3876 michaelhansen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8522-3876","contributorId":5006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"Michael","email":"michaelhansen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":310105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bronte, Charles R.","contributorId":83050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bronte","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70179381,"text":"70179381 - 2002 - Toxicity of selenium and other elements in food organisms to razorback sucker larvae","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-03T11:29:11","indexId":"70179381","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":874,"text":"Aquatic Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Toxicity of selenium and other elements in food organisms to razorback sucker larvae","docAbstract":"Elevated selenium concentrations documented in water, sediment, and biota in irrigation drain water studies by U.S. Department of the Interior agencies and academia have raised concerns that selenium may be adversely affecting endangered fish in the upper Colorado River basin. The objective of the study was to determine the effects on endangered razorback sucker (Xyrauchen texanus) larvae from exposure to selenium and other trace elements in water and zooplankton collected from sites adjacent to the Colorado River near Grand Junction, CO. A 30-day study was initiated with 5-day-old larvae exposed in a 4×4 factor experiment with four food and four water treatments, and the biological endpoints measured were survival, growth, development, and whole-body residues of selenium. Mean selenium concentration in reference water (24-Road) was <0.7 μg/l, in reference food (brine shrimp) was 3.2 μg/g, at Horsethief was 1.6 μg/l in water and 6.0 μg/g in zooplankton, at Adobe Creek was 3.4 μg/l in water and 32 μg/g in zooplankton, and at Walter Walker was 13 μg/l in water and 52 μg/g in zooplankton. Although there were differences in concentrations of inorganic elements in water and biota among the three sites, selenium was apparently the only element elevated to concentrations of concern. Effects on survival were more prominent from dietary exposure compared to waterborne exposure. Selenium concentrations of ≥4.6 μg/g in food organisms adversely affected the survival of razorback sucker larvae. The onset of mortality in larvae exposed to food and water from Walter Walker seemed delayed compared to mortality in larvae exposed to food and water from Horsethief, which has been observed in two other studies. Elevated arsenic in one food source seemed to interact with selenium to reduce the toxic effects of selenium.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0166-445X(01)00257-0","usgsCitation":"Hamilton, S., Holley, K.M., Buhl, K.J., Bullard, F.A., Weston, L.K., and McDonald, S.F., 2002, Toxicity of selenium and other elements in food organisms to razorback sucker larvae: Aquatic Toxicology, v. 59, no. 3-4, p. 253-281, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-445X(01)00257-0.","productDescription":"29 p.","startPage":"253","endPage":"281","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":332659,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Colorado River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -108.80790710449219,\n 39.075443328963026\n ],\n [\n -108.80790710449219,\n 39.18516705856361\n ],\n [\n -108.62182617187499,\n 39.18516705856361\n ],\n [\n -108.62182617187499,\n 39.075443328963026\n ],\n [\n -108.80790710449219,\n 39.075443328963026\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"59","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58662f1ce4b0cd2dabe7c4df","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hamilton, Steven J.","contributorId":174108,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hamilton","given":"Steven J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Holley, Kathy M.","contributorId":177031,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Holley","given":"Kathy","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Buhl, Kevin J. 0000-0002-9963-2352 kevin_buhl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9963-2352","contributorId":1396,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buhl","given":"Kevin","email":"kevin_buhl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":656999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bullard, Fern A.","contributorId":176674,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bullard","given":"Fern","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Weston, L. Ken","contributorId":177032,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Weston","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"Ken","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"McDonald, Susan F.","contributorId":33285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDonald","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70157407,"text":"70157407 - 2002 - Mercury loading and methylmercury production and cycling in high-altitude lakes from the Western United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-26T08:28:23","indexId":"70157407","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-04T08:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3729,"text":"Water, Air, and Soil Pollution: Focus","onlineIssn":"1573-2940","printIssn":"1567-7230","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mercury loading and methylmercury production and cycling in high-altitude lakes from the Western United States","docAbstract":"Studies worldwide have shown that mercury (Hg) is a ubiquitous contaminant, reaching even the most remote environments such as high-altitude lakes via atmospheric pathways. However, very few studies have been conducted to assess Hg contamination levels of these systems. We sampled 90 mid-latitude, high-altitude lakes from seven national parks in the western United States during a four-week period in September 1999. In addition to the synoptic survey, routine monitoring and experimental studies were conducted at one of the lakes (Mills Lake) to quantify MeHg fluxrates and important process rates such as photo-demethylation. Results show that overall, high-altitude lakes have low total mercury (HgT) and methylmercury (MeHg) levels (1.07 and 0.05 ng L-1, respectively), but a very good correlation of Hg to MeHg (r2= 0.82) suggests inorganic Hg(II) loading is a primary controlling factor of MeHg levels in dilute mountain lakes. Positive correlations were also observed for dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and both Hg and MeHg, although to a much lesser degree. Levels of MeHg were similar among the seven national parks, with the exception of Glacier National Park where lowerconcentrations were observed (0.02 ng L-1), and appear to be related to naturally elevated pH values there. Measured rates ofMeHg photo-degradation at Mills Lake were quite fast, and this process was of equal importance to sedimentation and stream flow for removing MeHg. Enhanced rates of photo-demethylation are likely an important reason why high-altitude lakes, with typically high water clarity and sunlight exposure, are low in MeHg.
","language":"English","publisher":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","doi":"10.1023/A:1020162811104","usgsCitation":"Krabbenhoft, D.P., Olson, M.L., DeWild, J.F., Clow, D.W., Striegl, R.G., Dornblaser, M.M., and Van Metre, P., 2002, Mercury loading and methylmercury production and cycling in high-altitude lakes from the Western United States: Water, Air, and Soil Pollution: Focus, v. 2, no. 2, p. 233-249, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1020162811104.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"233","endPage":"249","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":308394,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Colorado, Montana, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Glacier National Park, Grand Teton National Park, Lassen Volcanic National Park, Rocky Mountain National Park, Sequoia National Park, 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,{"id":70045625,"text":"70045625 - 2002 - Fluorspar","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-27T15:27:54","indexId":"70045625","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2755,"text":"Mining Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fluorspar","docAbstract":"In 2001, one mine in Utah produced a small quantity of fluorspar. The majority of fluorspar consumed in the United States continued to come from imports or material purchased from the US National Defense Stockpile (NDS). In addition, a small amount of synthetic fluorspar (CaF2) was produced from industrial waste streams.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mining Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"SME","usgsCitation":"Miller, M., 2002, Fluorspar: Mining Engineering, v. 54, no. 6, p. 28-29.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"28","endPage":"29","costCenters":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271528,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"54","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"517cf368e4b0d8907b2881bf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, M.","contributorId":13178,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70006924,"text":"70006924 - 2002 - Effects of dietary methylmercury on reproduction of fathead minnows","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-07-07T01:01:38","indexId":"70006924","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T11:07:02","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of dietary methylmercury on reproduction of fathead minnows","docAbstract":"We examined effects of dietary methylmercury (MeHg) on reproduction of fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas). Juvenile fish were fed one of four diets until sexual maturity (phase 1): a control diet (0.06 μg Hg g-1 dry weight) and three diets contaminated with MeHg at 0.88 (low), 4.11 (medium), and 8.46 μg Hg g-1 dry weight (high). At sexual maturity, male and female fish were paired, again fed one of the four diets, and allowed to reproduce (phase 2). To assess effects of MeHg during gametogenesis, some fish were fed diets during phase 2 that differed from those during phase 1. Spawning success of pairs fed the same diet during phases 1 and 2 was 75% for controls and 46%, 50%, and 36% for the low-, medium-, and high-MeHg treatments, respectively. Spawning success of pairs fed a contaminated diet during phase 1 and a control diet during phase 2 was 63%, 40%, and 14% for the low-, medium-, and high-MeHg treatments, respectively, whereas exposure to dietary MeHg only during phase 2 did not reduce spawning success. Dietary MeHg delayed spawning, and days to spawning was positively correlated with concentration of total mercury in the carcasses of test fish. MeHg reduced the instantaneous rate of reproduction of fish fed the same diets during phases 1 and 2. Both the gonadosomatic index and reproductive effort of female fish were inversely correlated with mercury in carcasses, whereas developmental and hatching success of embryos, 7-d survival, and 7-d growth of larvae were unrelated to mercury concentrations in parental fish or their diets. MeHg decreased reproduction of adult fathead minnows at dietary concentrations encountered by predatory fishes in aquatic systems with MeHg-contaminated food webs, implying that exposed fish populations could be adversely affected by this widespread contaminant.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Science and Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1021/es011120p","collaboration":"Abstract has subscript/superscript to be fixed","usgsCitation":"Hammerschmidt, C., Sandheinrich, M., Wiener, J., and Rada, R., 2002, Effects of dietary methylmercury on reproduction of fathead minnows: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 36, no. 5, p. 877-883, https://doi.org/10.1021/es011120p.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"877","endPage":"883","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":258239,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":258227,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es011120p","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"36","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-01-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a06cee4b0c8380cd5140f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hammerschmidt, C.R.","contributorId":86625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hammerschmidt","given":"C.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sandheinrich, M.B.","contributorId":76263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sandheinrich","given":"M.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wiener, J.G.","contributorId":44107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiener","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rada, R.G.","contributorId":7651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rada","given":"R.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70006719,"text":"70006719 - 2002 - PCR und ELISA - Alternativen zum Maustest für die Analyse des Botulismus-Neurotoxin-C1 Giftbildungspotentiales in Umweltproben? [PCR and ELISA - in vitro alternatives to the mouse-bioassay for assessing the botulinum-neurotoxin-C1 production potential in environmental samples?]","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-17T13:51:10","indexId":"70006719","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":616,"text":"ALTEX","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"PCR und ELISA - Alternativen zum Maustest für die Analyse des Botulismus-Neurotoxin-C1 Giftbildungspotentiales in Umweltproben? [PCR and ELISA - in vitro alternatives to the mouse-bioassay for assessing the botulinum-neurotoxin-C1 production potential in environmental samples?]","docAbstract":"Botulism is one of the most important bird diseases world-wide and is caused by the intoxication with Botulinum-Neurotoxin-C1 (BoNt-C1), which is produced by toxigenic clostridia under appropriate conditions. Avian botulism leads regularly to large losses among the migrating bird populations breeding and resting at the saltwater pools of the Austrian national park Neusiedler See-Seewinkel. Despite of its ethical dubiousness and its high technical expense the mouse-bioassay is still used as the routine standard method for the detection of BoNt-C1. According to the 3R-concept, in vitro alternative methods for the qualitative detection of BoNt-C1 (immunostick-ELISA) and a corresponding BoNt-C1 gene fragment (nested-PCR) were established. In order to estimate the BoNt-C1 production potential the methods were tested with sediment samples from different saltwater pools subjected to cultivation conditions appropriate for in vitro BoNt-C1-production. With the mouse-bioassay, 52 out of 77 samples were found to have a positive toxin production potential. The immunostick-ELISA showed a similar sensitivity as the mouse-bioassay and exhibited a highly significant positive correlation (r=0.94; p<0.001) with the mouse-bioassay in detecting BoNt-C1. The nested-PCR approach revealed higher numbers of positive BoNt-C1 gene fragment detections as compared to the direct toxin analysis approaches. A weak correlation (r=0.21; p=0.07) with the mouse-bioassay was discernible, no correlation was found with the immunostick-ELISA (r=0.09; p=0.46). Obviously, the PCR approach detected the BoNt-C1 gene fragment in some of the samples where no toxin expression has occurred. Thus it is suggested that the qualitative immunostick-ELISA represents a potential in vitro alternative to the mouse-bioassay for assessing the BoNt-C1 production potential in environmental samples. In contrast, qualitative BoNt-C1 gene fragment detection via PCR led to an overestimation of the actual toxin production potential.
","language":"German","publisher":"Society ALTEX Edition","publisherLocation":"Kuesnacht ZH, Switzerland","usgsCitation":"Zechmeister, T., Farnleitner, A., Rocke, T., Pittner, F., Rosengarten, R., Mach, R., Herzig, A., and Kirschner, A., 2002, PCR und ELISA - Alternativen zum Maustest für die Analyse des Botulismus-Neurotoxin-C1 Giftbildungspotentiales in Umweltproben? [PCR and ELISA - in vitro alternatives to the mouse-bioassay for assessing the botulinum-neurotoxin-C1 production potential in environmental samples?]: ALTEX, v. 19, no. 1/02, p. 49-54.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"49","endPage":"54","numberOfPages":"6","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263413,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":263412,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.altex.ch/en/index.html?id=50&iid=68&aid=14"}],"country":"Austria","otherGeospatial":"Neusiedler See-Seewinkel National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 16.803245544433594,\n 47.831365449807485\n ],\n [\n 16.798095703124996,\n 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