We surveyed Marbled Murrelets (Brachyramphus marmoratus) daily from small boats in Auke Bay and Fritz Cove, Alaska, from May through August 1992 and 1993. Differences in numbers of juveniles and in the timing of their presence in the study area between the two years indicated that breeding phenology was late and productivity was low in 1992 compared to 1993. This difference was consistent with variability in the physical environment. Of 99 fish identified in the bills of fish-holding adult murrelets, 81 (82%) were Pacific Sand Lance (Ammodytes hexapterus). Counts of fish-holding adult murrelets were significantly higher in the evening than at any other time of day. Time of day had no significant effects on counts of fledglings, indicating that juveniles were moving into and out of the study area during the day. Murrelets were predominantly found in groups of two or more, even during incubation, suggesting that murrelets incur an appreciable benefit, such as increased foraging efficiency, from foraging in groups. For both summers, there was no correlation between counts of murrelets on the water and numbers of murrelet detections in the adjacent forest. We suggest that many behavior patterns of the Marbled Murrelet (displaying, choosing of mates, and pair-bonding, finding of nest sites and successful foraging of juveniles) may be socially facilitated.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Waterbird Society","doi":"10.1675/1524-4695(2003)026[0266:DTSSOM]2.0.CO;2","issn":"15244695","usgsCitation":"Speckman, S., Piatt, J.F., and Springer, A.M., 2003, Deciphering the social structure of Marbled Murrelets from behavioral observations at sea: Waterbirds, v. 26, no. 3, p. 266-274, https://doi.org/10.1675/1524-4695(2003)026[0266:DTSSOM]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"266","endPage":"274","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235730,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe04e4b0c8380cd4ea8d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Speckman, Suzann G.","contributorId":88217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Speckman","given":"Suzann G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Piatt, John F. 0000-0002-4417-5748 jpiatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4417-5748","contributorId":3025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatt","given":"John","email":"jpiatt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":404300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Springer, Alan M. ams@ims.uaf.edu","contributorId":172461,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Springer","given":"Alan","email":"ams@ims.uaf.edu","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70025126,"text":"70025126 - 2003 - An analytical formulation of two‐dimensional groundwater dispersion induced by surficial recharge variability","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T12:35:43","indexId":"70025126","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An analytical formulation of two‐dimensional groundwater dispersion induced by surficial recharge variability","docAbstract":"A predominant cause of dispersion in groundwater is advective mixing due to variability in seepage rates. Hydraulic conductivity variations have been extensively researched as a cause of this seepage variability. In this paper the effect of variations in surface recharge to a shallow surficial aquifer is investigated as an important additional effect. An analytical formulation has been developed that relates aquifer parameters and the statistics of recharge variability to increases in the dispersivity. This is accomplished by solving Fourier transforms of the small perturbation forms of the groundwater flow equations. Two field studies are presented in this paper to determine the statistics of recharge variability for input to the analytical formulation. A time series of water levels at a continuous groundwater recorder is used to investigate the temporal statistics of hydraulic head caused by recharge, and a series of infiltrometer measurements are used to define the spatial variability in the recharge parameters. With these field statistics representing head fluctuations due to recharge, the analytical formulation can be used to compute the dispersivity without an explicit representation of the recharge boundary. Results from a series of numerical experiments are used to define the limits of this analytical formulation and to provide some comparison. A sophisticated model has been developed using a particle‐tracking algorithm (modified to account for temporal variations) to estimate groundwater dispersion. Dispersivity increases of 9 percent are indicated by the analytical formulation for the aquifer at the field site. A comparison with numerical model results indicates that the analytical results are reasonable for shallow surficial aquifers in which two‐dimensional flow can be assumed.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2002WR001821","usgsCitation":"Swain, E.D., and Chin, D.A., 2003, An analytical formulation of two‐dimensional groundwater dispersion induced by surficial recharge variability: Water Resources Research, v. 39, no. 9, p. 17-1-17-8, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002WR001821.","productDescription":"Article 1271; 8 p.","startPage":"17-1","endPage":"17-8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235879,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-09-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e9f7e4b0c8380cd48567","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swain, Eric D. 0000-0001-7168-708X edswain@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7168-708X","contributorId":1538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swain","given":"Eric","email":"edswain@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":403909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chin, David A.","contributorId":76011,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chin","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70025127,"text":"70025127 - 2003 - Climate change and Arctic ecosystems: 2. Modeling, paleodata-model comparisons, and future projections","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-19T22:49:09.576775","indexId":"70025127","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2316,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Climate change and Arctic ecosystems: 2. Modeling, paleodata-model comparisons, and future projections","docAbstract":"Large variations in the composition, structure, and function of Arctic ecosystems are determined by climatic gradients, especially of growing-season warmth, soil moisture, and snow cover. A unified circumpolar classification recognizing five types of tundra was developed. The geographic distributions of vegetation types north of 55°N, including the position of the forest limit and the distributions of the tundra types, could be predicted from climatology using a small set of plant functional types embedded in the biogeochemistry-biogeography model BIOME4. Several palaeoclimate simulations for the last glacial maximum (LGM) and mid-Holocene were used to explore the possibility of simulating past vegetation patterns, which are independently known based on pollen data. The broad outlines of observed changes in vegetation were captured. LGM simulations showed the major reduction of forest, the great extension of graminoid and forb tundra, and the restriction of low- and high-shrub tundra (although not all models produced sufficiently dry conditions to mimic the full observed change). Mid-Holocene simulations reproduced the contrast between northward forest extension in western and central Siberia and stability of the forest limit in Beringia. Projection of the effect of a continued exponential increase in atmospheric CO2 concentration, based on a transient ocean-atmosphere simulation including sulfate aerosol effects, suggests a potential for larger changes in Arctic ecosystems during the 21st century than have occurred between mid-Holocene and present. Simulated physiological effects of the CO2 increase (to >700 ppm) at high latitudes were slight compared with the effects of the change in climate.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2002jd002559","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Kaplan, J., Bigelow, N., Prentice, I.C., Harrison, S.P., Bartlein, P., Christensen, T., Cramer, W., Matveyeva, N., McGuire, A., Murray, D., Razzhivin, V., Smith, B., Walker, D., Anderson, P.M., Andreev, A., Brubaker, L., Edwards, M.E., and Lozhkin, A., 2003, Climate change and Arctic ecosystems: 2. Modeling, paleodata-model comparisons, and future projections: Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres, v. 108, no. 19, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002jd002559.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":489919,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2002jd002559","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":388210,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"108","issue":"19","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-10-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f64be4b0c8380cd4c67e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kaplan, J.O.","contributorId":97288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaplan","given":"J.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bigelow, N.H.","contributorId":85352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bigelow","given":"N.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Prentice, I. C.","contributorId":63969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prentice","given":"I.","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Harrison, S. P.","contributorId":78488,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harrison","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bartlein, P. J.","contributorId":54566,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bartlein","given":"P. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Christensen, T.R.","contributorId":81440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christensen","given":"T.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Cramer, W.","contributorId":102231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cramer","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Matveyeva, N.V.","contributorId":108300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matveyeva","given":"N.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"McGuire, A. D.","contributorId":16552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuire","given":"A. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Murray, D.F.","contributorId":29184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murray","given":"D.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Razzhivin, V.Y.","contributorId":73798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Razzhivin","given":"V.Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Smith, B.","contributorId":53740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Walker, D.A.","contributorId":82484,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Walker","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Anderson, P. M.","contributorId":71722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Andreev, A.A.","contributorId":102229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andreev","given":"A.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Brubaker, L.B.","contributorId":29153,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brubaker","given":"L.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Edwards, M. E.","contributorId":29977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Lozhkin, A.V.","contributorId":62782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lozhkin","given":"A.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18}]}} ,{"id":70025128,"text":"70025128 - 2003 - Atmospheric microbiology in the northern Caribbean during African dust events","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:27","indexId":"70025128","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":667,"text":"Aerobiologia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Atmospheric microbiology in the northern Caribbean during African dust events","docAbstract":"Between July 2000 and August 2001 forty-three air samples were collected in the northern Caribbean: Twenty-six in the US Virgin Islands, and 17 samples aboard ship during two 1-week cruises. Samples were collected during African dust events and non-dust conditions and screened for the presence of culturable bacteria and fungi. A total of 3,652 liters of air were collected during non-dust conditions, with 19 bacteria and 28 fungi being recovered. During dust conditions a total of 2,369 liters of air were screened resulting in the recovery of 171 bacteria and 76 fungi. A statistically significant difference was found between the two data sets. These results support previous African dust research and further demonstrate that dust particles can serve as a vessel for the global dispersion of bacteria and fungi. Dustborne microorganisms may play a significant role in the ecology and health of downwind ecosystems.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Aerobiologia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1023/B:AERO.0000006530.32845.8d","issn":"03935965","usgsCitation":"Griffin, D., Kellogg, C., Garrison, V., Lisle, J., Borden, T., and Shinn, E., 2003, Atmospheric microbiology in the northern Caribbean during African dust events: Aerobiologia, v. 19, no. 3-4, p. 143-157, https://doi.org/10.1023/B:AERO.0000006530.32845.8d.","startPage":"143","endPage":"157","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209454,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:AERO.0000006530.32845.8d"},{"id":235918,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eec3e4b0c8380cd49f39","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Griffin, Dale W.","contributorId":23668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffin","given":"Dale W.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":403931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kellogg, C.A.","contributorId":13408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kellogg","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Garrison, V.H.","contributorId":70731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garrison","given":"V.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lisle, J.T. 0000-0002-5447-2092","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5447-2092","contributorId":16965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lisle","given":"J.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Borden, T.C.","contributorId":77721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Borden","given":"T.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Shinn, E.A.","contributorId":38610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shinn","given":"E.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70025236,"text":"70025236 - 2003 - Three-dimensional velocity structure of crust and upper mantle in southwestern China and its tectonic implications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-04-29T14:04:06.961383","indexId":"70025236","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Three-dimensional velocity structure of crust and upper mantle in southwestern China and its tectonic implications","docAbstract":"Using P and S arrival times from 4625 local and regional earthquakes recorded at 174 seismic stations and associated geophysical investigations, this paper presents a three‐dimensional crustal and upper mantle velocity structure of southwestern China (21°–34°N, 97°–105°E). Southwestern China lies in the transition zone between the uplifted Tibetan plateau to the west and the Yangtze continental platform to the east. In the upper crust a positive velocity anomaly exists in the Sichuan Basin, whereas a large‐scale negative velocity anomaly exists in the western Sichuan Plateau, consistent with the upper crustal structure under the southern Tibetan plateau. The boundary between these two anomaly zones is the Longmen Shan Fault. The negative velocity anomalies at 50‐km depth in the Tengchong volcanic area and the Panxi tectonic zone appear to be associated with temperature and composition variations in the upper mantle. The Red River Fault is the boundary between the positive and negative velocity anomalies at 50‐km depth. The overall features of the crustal and the upper mantle structures in southwestern China are a low average velocity, large crustal thickness variations, the existence of a high‐conductivity layer in the crust or/and upper mantle, and a high heat flow value. All these features are closely related to the collision between the Indian and the Asian plates.
The northward migration of the Mendocino triple junction has resulted in a fundamental modification of the crust of coastal California. As a consequence of viscous coupling between the southern edge of the Gorda slab and the base of the North American crust beneath the Coast Ranges of central and northern California, the crust of coastal California was first thickened and then thinned. This viscous coupling and ephemeral crustal thickening has produced a distinctive pattern of uplift that allows us to map the three-dimensional extent of crustal modification. This pattern of crustal deformation has combined with the strain field of the developing San Andreas fault system to produce the observed pattern of near-surface deformation. The rapid rise in heat flow south of the triple junction observed in the northern Coast Ranges is a direct consequence of development and removal of the crustal welt that migrated with the triple junction.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.2747/0020-6814.45.9.767","issn":"00206814","usgsCitation":"Furlong, K., Lock, J., Guzofski, C., Whitlock, J., and Benz, H., 2003, The Mendocino crustal conveyor: Making and breaking the California crust: International Geology Review, v. 45, no. 9, p. 767-779, https://doi.org/10.2747/0020-6814.45.9.767.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"767","endPage":"779","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":387743,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Mendocino Triple Junction","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -125.5078125,\n 39.26628442213066\n ],\n [\n -123.11279296875001,\n 39.26628442213066\n ],\n [\n -123.11279296875001,\n 41.52502957323801\n ],\n [\n -125.5078125,\n 41.52502957323801\n ],\n [\n -125.5078125,\n 39.26628442213066\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"45","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba7e0e4b08c986b321868","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Furlong, K.P.","contributorId":35490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Furlong","given":"K.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lock, J.","contributorId":40784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lock","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Guzofski, C.","contributorId":18950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guzofski","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Whitlock, J.","contributorId":36732,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitlock","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Benz, H.","contributorId":61953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benz","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70025223,"text":"70025223 - 2003 - Evaluation of an expandable, breakaway radiocollar for white-tailed deer fawns","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:28","indexId":"70025223","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of an expandable, breakaway radiocollar for white-tailed deer fawns","docAbstract":"We evaluated an expandable, breakaway VHF radiocollar design for use on white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) from birth to about 1 year of age. A similar collar design has been used on caribou (Rangifer tarandus), but we found that the collar did not expand quickly enough to accommodate increase in neck circumference of fawns during the first 2 months of life. Consequently, we modified the stitching pattern so that the first expansion fold opened faster. We monitored performance of this modification on free-ranging and captive fawns. Also, we collected data on neck growth in fawns to document design requirements of expandable collars for white-tailed deer. Mean neck circumference at ???14 days of age of free-ranging fawns in Pennsylvania was 17.8 cm (SD=1.67, n=62) for males and 17.3 cm (SD=1.50, n=52) for females. Based on measurements of captive fawns, neck circumference increased 8.8 cm from birth to August, 2.5 cm from August to October, and 2.6 cm from October to March. Observations of captive fawns fitted with dummy radiocollars indicated that collars expanded when needed and caused no apparent discomfort to fawns. We detected no problems with use of 86 collars on 113 free-ranging fawns for >270 days and recovered radiocollars expanded as designed. The elastic collar material failed on 3 collars (3%) after 142, 207, and 226 days on fawns, and 1-5 radiocollars (???4%) were cast by fawns. Our modification to this radiocollar design reduced fawn discomfort or suffering, allowing researchers to better comply with principles of the Animal Welfare Act.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00917648","usgsCitation":"Diefenbach, D., Kochanny, C., Vreeland, J., and Wallingford, B., 2003, Evaluation of an expandable, breakaway radiocollar for white-tailed deer fawns: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 31, no. 3, p. 756-761.","startPage":"756","endPage":"761","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235729,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0c45e4b0c8380cd52adf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Diefenbach, Duane R. 0000-0001-5111-1147","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5111-1147","contributorId":106592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diefenbach","given":"Duane R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kochanny, C.O.","contributorId":79437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kochanny","given":"C.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vreeland, J.K.","contributorId":22528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vreeland","given":"J.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wallingford, B.D.","contributorId":62726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wallingford","given":"B.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70025394,"text":"70025394 - 2003 - Interaction between perchlorate and iodine in the metamorphosis of Hyla versicolor","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:59","indexId":"70025394","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Interaction between perchlorate and iodine in the metamorphosis of Hyla versicolor","docAbstract":"Perchlorate (ClO4-) is a water-soluble, inorganic anion that is often combined with ammonium, potassium or other cations for use in industry and agriculture. Ammonium perchlorate, for example, is a potent oxidizer and is used in various military applications including rocket fuel. It has also been found in an historically widely used fertilizer, Chilean nitrate and in other fertilizers. It has been found in ground and surface waters of over 30 states and is considered a human health risk. Because of its similar atomic radius and volume, perchlorate competes with iodide for thyroid uptake and storage and thereby inhibits production of thyroid hormones. Amphibians may be particularly affected by perchlorate because they rely on the thyroid for metamorphosis. This study exposed early larval Hyla versicolor to concentrations of perchlorate ranging from 2.2 to 50 ppm to determine the effects of perchlorate on a native amphibian. In addition, three controls, 0 perchlorate, 0 perchlorate with 0.10 ppm iodide (C + I) and 50 ppm perchlorate + 0.10 ppm iodide (50 + I) were tested. Mortality (< 11% with all treatments) and growth appeared to be unaffected by perchlorate. Inhibition of development started with 2.2 ppm perchlorate and little or no development occurred at 22.9 ppm and above. This inhibition was particularly apparent at the latter stages of development including hindlimb formation and metamorphosis. The estimated EC50 for total inhibition of metamorphosis at 70 days of treatment was 3.63 ppm. There was no evidence of inhibition of development with the 50 + I, C + I, or controls, indicating that the presence of small concentrations of iodide could counter the effects of perchlorate. When tadpoles that had been inhibited by perchlorate were subsequently treated with iodide, development through prometamorphosis progressed but mortality was very high.","largerWorkTitle":"ASTM Special Technical Publication","conferenceTitle":"Multiple Stressor Effects in Relation to Declining Amphibian Populations","conferenceDate":"16 April 2002 through 17 April 2002","conferenceLocation":"Pittsburgh, PA","language":"English","issn":"10403094","usgsCitation":"Sparling, D., Harvey, G., and Nzengung, V., 2003, Interaction between perchlorate and iodine in the metamorphosis of Hyla versicolor, in ASTM Special Technical Publication, no. 1443, Pittsburgh, PA, 16 April 2002 through 17 April 2002, p. 143-158.","startPage":"143","endPage":"158","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236042,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"1443","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3cace4b0c8380cd62f2f","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Linder G.L.Krest S.Sparling D.Little E.E.","contributorId":128348,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Linder G.L.Krest S.Sparling D.Little E.E.","id":536563,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Sparling, D.","contributorId":88853,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sparling","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harvey, G.","contributorId":91218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nzengung, V.","contributorId":44270,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nzengung","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70025133,"text":"70025133 - 2003 - The interactive effects of UV-B and insecticide exposure on tadpole survival, growth and development","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-01T11:24:59","indexId":"70025133","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The interactive effects of UV-B and insecticide exposure on tadpole survival, growth and development","docAbstract":"Because declines within amphibian populations can seldom be attributed to a single cause, it is important to focus on multiple stressors, both natural and anthropogenic. Variables such as UV-B radiation and chemical contamination can interact with one another in ways that might not be predicted from single-factor studies. We exposed southern leopard frog (Rana sphenocephala) tadpoles to the insecticide carbaryl and varying intensities of UV-B radiation in artificial ponds and examined their effects on survival, size at metamorphosis, and the duration of the larval period. Tadpole survival to metamorphosis was positively influenced by UV-B intensity. Tadpoles in ponds exposed to carbaryl contained over three times more algae and yielded larger metamorphs than control ponds. Although previous laboratory studies have indicated carbaryl becomes more toxic in the presence of UV-B, we did not find such an effect, perhaps because of the protection afforded by dissolved organic carbon within the ponds. Our research emphasizes the importance of conducting field studies to more accurately predict what occurs under a natural setting. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0006-3207(02)00348-8","issn":"00063207","usgsCitation":"Bridges, C.M., and Boone, M.D., 2003, The interactive effects of UV-B and insecticide exposure on tadpole survival, growth and development: Biological Conservation, v. 113, no. 1, p. 49-54, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3207(02)00348-8.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"49","endPage":"54","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235987,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209484,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3207(02)00348-8"}],"volume":"113","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bad4fe4b08c986b323b19","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bridges, Christine M.","contributorId":173847,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bridges","given":"Christine","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boone, Michelle D.","contributorId":55361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boone","given":"Michelle","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70025134,"text":"70025134 - 2003 - Evaluation of specific ultraviolet absorbance as an indicator of the chemical composition and reactivity of dissolved organic carbon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-04T13:25:57","indexId":"70025134","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of specific ultraviolet absorbance as an indicator of the chemical composition and reactivity of dissolved organic carbon","docAbstract":"Specific UV absorbance (SUVA) is defined as the UV absorbance of a water sample at a given wavelength normalized for dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration. Our data indicate that SUVA, determined at 254 nm, is strongly correlated with percent aromaticity as determined by 13C NMR for 13 organic matter isolates obtained from a variety of aquatic environments. SUVA, therefore, is shown to be a useful parameter for estimating the dissolved aromatic carbon content in aquatic systems. Experiments involving the reactivity of DOC with chlorine and tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH), however, show a wide range of reactivity for samples with similar SUVA values. These results indicate that, while SUVA measurements are good predictors of general chemical characteristics of DOC, they do not provide information about reactivity of DOC derived from different types of source materials. Sample pH, nitrate, and iron were found to influence SUVA measurements.","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es030360x","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Weishaar, J., Aiken, G.R., Bergamaschi, B., Fram, M.S., Fujii, R., and Mopper, K., 2003, Evaluation of specific ultraviolet absorbance as an indicator of the chemical composition and reactivity of dissolved organic carbon: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 37, no. 20, p. 4702-4708, https://doi.org/10.1021/es030360x.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"4702","endPage":"4708","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438876,"rank":1,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9SBK2DZ","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Stream and River Chemistry in Watersheds of Northwestern Alaska, 2015-2019"},{"id":235988,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"20","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-09-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0cc5e4b0c8380cd52cb9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weishaar, J.L.","contributorId":99754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weishaar","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aiken, George R. 0000-0001-8454-0984 graiken@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8454-0984","contributorId":1322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiken","given":"George","email":"graiken@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":403951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bergamaschi, Brian A. 0000-0002-9610-5581 bbergama@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9610-5581","contributorId":1448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergamaschi","given":"Brian A.","email":"bbergama@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":403952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fram, Miranda S. 0000-0002-6337-059X mfram@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6337-059X","contributorId":1156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fram","given":"Miranda","email":"mfram@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":403955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fujii, Roger rfujii@usgs.gov","contributorId":553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fujii","given":"Roger","email":"rfujii@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":403953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mopper, K.","contributorId":63211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mopper","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70025135,"text":"70025135 - 2003 - Relations between seismicity and deformation during unrest in Long Valley Caldera, California, from 1995 through 1999","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:57","indexId":"70025135","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Relations between seismicity and deformation during unrest in Long Valley Caldera, California, from 1995 through 1999","docAbstract":"Unrest in Long Valley Caldera and the adjacent Sierra Nevada from 1995 through 2000 was dominated by three major episodes: (1) the March-April 1996 earthquake swarm in the east lobe of the south moat; (2) the July 1997-January 1998 caldera-wide unrest; and (3) a sequence of three M>5 earthquakes (9 June 1998, 13 July 1998, and 15 May 1999 UT) located in the Sierra Nevada block immediately south of the caldera. These three unrest episodes each had distinct characteristics with distinct implications for associated hazards. Seismicity developed as earthquake swarms for the 1996 and 1997-98 episodes, both of which were within the caldera. In contrast, the series of three M>5 earthquakes south of the caldera in 1998-99 each developed as a mainshock-aftershock sequence. Marginal deformation within the caldera associated with the 1996 swarm and the 1998-99 M>5 earthquakes is consistent with the cumulative seismic moments for the respective sequences. Deformation associated with the 1997-98 episode, however, was roughly five times larger than can be accounted for by the cumulative seismic moment of the associated earthquake swarm. We conclude that the 1997-98 episode was associated with mass transport (local intrusion of magma or magmatic brine) and that the associated earthquake swarm activity, which had a relatively high b -value of 1.2, was largely driven by the intrusive process. In contrast, the 1996 earthquake swarm and the 1998-99 M>5 mainshock-aftershock sequences, both with 'normal' b -values of ???0.9, represent brittle relaxation to previously accumulated stresses associated with little or no mass transport. These relations emphasize the importance of simultaneous, real-time monitoring of both seismicity and deformation as a basis for judging whether an evolving unrest episode has the potential for culminating in a volcanic eruption. ?? 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0377-0273(03)00169-0","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Hill, D., Langbein, J.O., and Prejean, S., 2003, Relations between seismicity and deformation during unrest in Long Valley Caldera, California, from 1995 through 1999: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 127, no. 3-4, p. 175-193, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-0273(03)00169-0.","startPage":"175","endPage":"193","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209498,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0377-0273(03)00169-0"},{"id":236024,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"127","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a700e4b0e8fec6cdc333","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hill, D.P.","contributorId":27432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"D.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Langbein, J. O.","contributorId":39404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langbein","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Prejean, S.","contributorId":103442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prejean","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70025219,"text":"70025219 - 2003 - Origin and significance of postore dissolution collapse breccias cemented with calcite and barite at the Meikle gold deposit, Northern Carlin trend, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-27T18:49:30.317044","indexId":"70025219","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Origin and significance of postore dissolution collapse breccias cemented with calcite and barite at the Meikle gold deposit, Northern Carlin trend, Nevada","docAbstract":"The final event in a complicated hydrothermal history at the Meikle gold deposit was gold deficient but caused extensive postore dissolution of carbonate, collapse brecciation, and precipitation of calcite and barite crystals in the resulting cavities. Although previously interpreted to be part of the Carlin-type hydrothermal system, crosscutting relationships and U-Th-Pb geochronology constrain this hydrothermal event to late Pliocene time (ca. 2 Ma), nearly 36 Ma after ore formation. Mineralogic, fluid inclusion, and stable isotope data indicate that postore hydrothermal fluids were reduced, H 2S-rich, unevolved meteoric waters ((δ 18O = -17‰) of low temperature (ca. 65°C). The δ 18O values of barite and calcite indicate that these minerals were in isotopic equilibrium, requiring that barite SO 4 was derived from the oxidation of reduced sulfur; however, preexisting sulfides in breccia cavities were not oxidized. The δ 34S (15‰) values of barite are higher than those of local bulk sulfide and supergene alunite indicating that SO 4 was not derived from supergene oxidation of local sulfide minerals. The 15 per mil δ 34S value suggests that the H 2S in the fluids may have been leached from sulfur-rich organic matter in the local carbonaceous sedimentary rocks. A reduced H 2S-rich fluid is also supported by the bright cathodoluminescence of calcite which indicates that it is Mn rich and Fe poor. Calcite has a narrow range of δ 13C values (0.3-1.8‰) that are indistinguishable from those of the host Bootstrap limestone, indicating that CO 2 in the fluid was from dissolution of the local limestone. These data suggest that dissolution and brecciation of the Bootstrap limestone occurred where H 2S-rich fluids encountered more oxidizing fluids and formed sulfuric acid (H 2SO 4). Intense fracturing in the mine area by previous structural and hydrothermal events probably provided conduits for the descent of oxidized surface water which mixed with the underlying H 2S-rich waters to form the dissolving acid. The surface-derived fluid apparently contained sufficient oxygen to produce H 2SO 4 from H 2S but not enough to alter pyrite to Fe oxide. Although H 2S is an important gold-transporting ligand, the temperature was too low to transport a significant amount of gold. The presence of analogous calcite- and barite-lined cavities in other Carlin-type deposits suggests that the generation (and oxidation) of H 2S-rich meteoric waters was a common phenomenon in north-central Nevada. Previous sulfur isotope studies have also shown that the Paleozoic sedimentary rocks were the principal source of H 2S in Devonian sedimentary exhalative-type, Jurassic intrusion-related, Eocene Carlin-type, and Miocene low-sulfidation gold deposits in the region. The similar sulfur source in all of these systems suggests that basin brines, magmatic fluids, and meteoric waters all evolved to be H 2S-rich ore fluids by circulation through Paleozoic sedimentary rocks. Thus, although not directly related to gold mineralization, the recent hydrologic history of the deposit provides important clues to earlier ore-forming processes that were responsible for gold mineralization.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.98.6.1243","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Emsbo, P., and Hofstra, A., 2003, Origin and significance of postore dissolution collapse breccias cemented with calcite and barite at the Meikle gold deposit, Northern Carlin trend, Nevada: Economic Geology, v. 98, no. 6, p. 1243-1252, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.98.6.1243.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1243","endPage":"1252","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":387490,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","city":"Carlin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.25732421875,\n 40.60144147645398\n ],\n [\n -115.9332275390625,\n 40.60144147645398\n ],\n [\n -115.9332275390625,\n 40.851215574282456\n ],\n [\n -116.25732421875,\n 40.851215574282456\n ],\n [\n -116.25732421875,\n 40.60144147645398\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"98","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a70bde4b0c8380cd761f9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Emsbo, P.","contributorId":59901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Emsbo","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hofstra, A. H. 0000-0002-2450-1593","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2450-1593","contributorId":41426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hofstra","given":"A. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70025218,"text":"70025218 - 2003 - Internal cave gating for protection of colonies of the endangered gray bat (Myotis grisescens)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-14T18:19:28.76353","indexId":"70025218","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":629,"text":"Acta Chiropterologica","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Internal cave gating for protection of colonies of the endangered gray bat (Myotis grisescens)","docAbstract":"Persistent human disturbance is a major cause for the decline in populations of many cave-dwelling bats and other sensitive cave-obligate organisms. Cave gating has been used to eliminate human disturbance, but few studies have assessed directly the impact of such management activities on resident bats. In northeastern Oklahoma, USA, 25 entrances of caves inhabited by two endangered species and one endangered subspecies of bats are protected from human entry with internal gates. Because cave gates may impede ingress and egress of bats at caves, we evaluated the impacts of internal gates before and after their construction at six colonies of endangered gray bats (Myotis grisescens) from 1981 to 2001. No caves were abandoned by gray bats after the construction of internal gates; in fact, total numbers of gray bats using the six caves increased from 60,130 in 1981 to 70,640 in 2001. Two caves harbored more gray bats after gating, and three caves had no change in gray bat numbers after gating. We also compared initiations of emergences at three gated and three open-passage caves in June and July 1999–2000. No differences in timing of initiation of emergence were found between colonies in gated versus open-passage caves. Our results support the use of internal gates to protect and thereby enhance recovery of colonies of endangered gray bats. Additional research is encouraged to confirm that our observations on gray bats are generally applicable to other species of cave-dwelling bats.
","language":"English","publisher":"BioOne","doi":"10.3161/001.005.0112","issn":"15081109","usgsCitation":"Martin, K., Leslie, D., Payton, M., Puckette, W.L., and Hensley, S., 2003, Internal cave gating for protection of colonies of the endangered gray bat (Myotis grisescens): Acta Chiropterologica, v. 5, no. 1, p. 143-150, https://doi.org/10.3161/001.005.0112.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"143","endPage":"150","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":489087,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3161/001.005.0112","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":387184,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oklahoma","otherGeospatial":"northeastern Oklahoma","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -96.39404296875,\n 35.44277092585766\n ],\n [\n -94.50439453125,\n 35.44277092585766\n ],\n [\n -94.50439453125,\n 37.020098201368114\n ],\n [\n -96.39404296875,\n 37.020098201368114\n ],\n [\n -96.39404296875,\n 35.44277092585766\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"5","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3d2ce4b0c8380cd6336e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Martin, K.W.","contributorId":54782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"K.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leslie, David M. Jr.","contributorId":52514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leslie","given":"David M.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Payton, M.E.","contributorId":68085,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Payton","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Puckette, William L.","contributorId":103058,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Puckette","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hensley, S.L.","contributorId":29622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hensley","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70025390,"text":"70025390 - 2003 - Structural framework of a major intracontinental orogenic termination zone: The easternmost Tien Shan, China","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:59","indexId":"70025390","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2545,"text":"Journal of the Geological Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Structural framework of a major intracontinental orogenic termination zone: The easternmost Tien Shan, China","docAbstract":"The Barkol Tagh and Karlik Tagh ranges of the easternmost Tien Shan are a natural laboratory for studying the fault architecture of an active termination zone of a major intracontinental mountain range. Barkol and Karlik Tagh and lesser ranges to the north are bounded by active thrust faults that locally deform Quaternary sediments. Major thrusts in Karlik Tagh connect along strike to the east with the left-lateral Gobi-Tien Shan Fault System in SW Mongolia. From a Mongolian perspective. Karlik Tagh represents a large restraining bend for this regional strike-slip fault system, and the entire system of thrusts and strike-slip faults in the Karlik Tagh region defines a horsetail splay fault geometry. Regionally, there appears to be a kinematic transition from thrust-dominated deformation in the central Tien Shan to left-lateral transpressional deformation in the easternmost Tien Shan. This transition correlates with a general eastward decrease in mountain belt width and average elevation and a change in the angular relationship between the NNE-directed maximum horizontal stress in the region and the pre-existing basement structural grain, which is northwesterly in the central Tien Shan (orthogonal to SHmax) but more east-west in the eastern Tien Shan (acute angular relationship with SHmax . Ar-Ar ages indicate that major range-bounding thrusts in Barkol and Karlik Tagh are latest Permian-Triassic ductile thrust zones that underwent brittle reactivation in the Late Cenozoic. It is estimated that the modern mountain ranges of the extreme easternmost Tien Shan could have been constructed by only 10-15 km of Late Cenozoic horizontal shortening.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of the Geological Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00167649","usgsCitation":"Cunningham, D., Owen, L., Snee, L., and Li, J., 2003, Structural framework of a major intracontinental orogenic termination zone: The easternmost Tien Shan, China: Journal of the Geological Society, v. 160, no. 4, p. 575-590.","startPage":"575","endPage":"590","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236001,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"160","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9bebe4b08c986b31d18b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cunningham, D.","contributorId":25738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cunningham","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Owen, L.A.","contributorId":94836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Owen","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Snee, L.W.","contributorId":99981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snee","given":"L.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Li, Ji","contributorId":22916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"Ji","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70025140,"text":"70025140 - 2003 - Pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and polychlorinated biphenyls in transport in two Atlantic coastal plain tributaries and loadings to Chesapeake Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:56","indexId":"70025140","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2265,"text":"Journal of Environmental Science and Health - Part A Toxic/Hazardous Substances and Environmental Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and polychlorinated biphenyls in transport in two Atlantic coastal plain tributaries and loadings to Chesapeake Bay","docAbstract":"Concentrations of current-use pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and organochlorine (OC) insecticides were determined above the reach of tide in the Chesterville Branch and Nanticoke River on the eastern shore of Chesapeake Bay during base-flow and storm-flow hydrologic regimes to evaluate mass transport to Chesapeake Bay. The two rivers monitored showed relatively high concentrations of atrazine, simazine, alachlor, and metolachlor in comparison to previously investigated western shore tributaries, and reflected the predominant agricultural land use in the eastern shore watersheds. The four current use pesticides showed the greatest seasonal contribution to annual loadings to tidal waters of Chesapeake Bay from the two rivers, and the relative order of annual loadings for the other contaminant classes was PAHs > PCBs > OC insecticides. Annual loadings normalized to the landscape areas of selected Chesapeake Bay watersheds showed correlations to identifiable source areas, with the highest pesticide yields (g/km2/yr) occurring in eastern shore agricultural landscapes, and the highest PAH yields derived from urban regions.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Environmental Science and Health - Part A Toxic/Hazardous Substances and Environmental Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1081/ESE-120021119","issn":"10934529","usgsCitation":"Foster, G., Miller, C., Huff, T., and Roberts, E., 2003, Pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and polychlorinated biphenyls in transport in two Atlantic coastal plain tributaries and loadings to Chesapeake Bay: Journal of Environmental Science and Health - Part A Toxic/Hazardous Substances and Environmental Engineering, v. 38, no. 7, p. 1177-1200, https://doi.org/10.1081/ESE-120021119.","startPage":"1177","endPage":"1200","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209534,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1081/ESE-120021119"},{"id":236097,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7773e4b0c8380cd784ce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Foster, G.D.","contributorId":98464,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foster","given":"G.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, C.V.","contributorId":41026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"C.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Huff, T.B.","contributorId":37133,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huff","given":"T.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Roberts, E. Jr.","contributorId":96065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roberts","given":"E.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70025141,"text":"70025141 - 2003 - Effects of CRP field age and cover type on ring-necked pheasants in eastern South Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:56","indexId":"70025141","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of CRP field age and cover type on ring-necked pheasants in eastern South Dakota","docAbstract":"Loss of native grasslands to tillage has increased the importance of Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) grasslands to maintain ring-necked pheasant (Phasianus colchicus) populations. Despite the importance of CRP to pheasants, little is known about the effects of CRP field age and cover type on pheasant abundance and productivity in the northern Great Plains. Therefore, we assessed effects of these characteristics on pheasant use of CRP fields. We stratified CRP grasslands (n=42) by CRP stand age (old [10-13 yrs] vs. new [1-3 yrs] grasslands) and cover type (CP1 [cool-season grasslands] vs. CP2 [warm-season grasslands]) in eastern South Dakota and used crowing counts and roadside brood counts to index ring-necked pheasant abundance and productivity. Field-age and cover-type effects on pheasant abundance and productivity were largely the result of differences in vegetation structure among fields. More crowing pheasants were recorded in old cool-season CRP fields than any other age or cover type, and more broods were recorded in cool- than warm-season CRP fields. Extending existing CRP contracts another 5-10 years would provide the time necessary for new fields to acquire the vegetative structure used most by pheasants without a gap in habitat availability. Cool-season grass-legume mixtures (CP1) that support higher pheasant productivity should be given equal or higher ratings than warm-season (CP2) grass stands. We also recommend that United States Department of Agriculture administrators and field staff provide broader and more flexible guidelines on what seed mixtures can be used in CRP grassland plantings in the northern Great Plains. This would allow landowners and natural resource professionals who manage pheasant habitat to plant a mosaic of cool- and warm-season CRP grassland habitats.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00917648","usgsCitation":"Eggebo, S., Higgins, K., Naugle, D., and Quamen, F., 2003, Effects of CRP field age and cover type on ring-necked pheasants in eastern South Dakota: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 31, no. 3, p. 779-785.","startPage":"779","endPage":"785","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236098,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0648e4b0c8380cd511ab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eggebo, S.L.","contributorId":107909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eggebo","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Higgins, K.F.","contributorId":55767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Higgins","given":"K.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Naugle, D.E.","contributorId":85289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naugle","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Quamen, F.R.","contributorId":89326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quamen","given":"F.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70025081,"text":"70025081 - 2003 - Athena Mars rover science investigation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:27","indexId":"70025081","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2317,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Athena Mars rover science investigation","docAbstract":"Each Mars Exploration Rover carries an integrated suite of scientific instruments and tools called the Athena science payload. The primary objective of the Athena science investigation is to explore two sites on the Martian surface where water may once have been present, and to assess past environmental conditions at those sites and their suitability for life. The remote sensing portion of the payload uses a mast called the Pancam Mast Assembly (PMA) that provides pointing for two instruments: the Panoramic Camera (Pancam), and the Miniature Thermal Emission Spectrometer (Mini-TES). Pancam provides high-resolution, color, stereo imaging, while Mini-TES provides spectral cubes at mid-infrared wavelengths. For in-situ study, a five degree-of-freedom arm called the Instrument Deployment Device (IDD) carries four more tools: a Microscopic Imager (MI) for close-up imaging, an Alpha Particle X-Ray Spectrometer (APXS) for elemental chemistry, a Mo??ssbauer Spectrometer (MB) for the mineralogy of Fe-bearing materials, and a Rock Abrasion Tool (RAT) for removing dusty and weathered surfaces and exposing fresh rock underneath. The payload also includes magnets that allow the instruments to study the composition of magnetic Martian materials. All of the Athena instruments have undergone extensive calibration, both individually and using a set of geologic reference materials that are being measured with all the instruments. Using a MER-like rover and payload in a number of field settings, we have devised operations processes that will enable us to use the MER rovers to formulate and test scientific hypotheses concerning past environmental conditions and habitability at the landing sites. Copyright 2003 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Squyres, S.W., Arvidson, R., Baumgartner, E., Bell, J., Christensen, P.R., Gorevan, S., Herkenhoff, K.E., Klingelhofer, G., Madsen, M., Morris, R., Rieder, R., and Romero, R., 2003, Athena Mars rover science investigation: Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets, v. 108, no. 12.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235837,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"108","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ee9ee4b0c8380cd49e84","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Squyres, S. W.","contributorId":31836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Squyres","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Arvidson, R. E.","contributorId":46666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arvidson","given":"R. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baumgartner, E.T.","contributorId":48057,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baumgartner","given":"E.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bell, J.F. III","contributorId":97612,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bell","given":"J.F.","suffix":"III","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Christensen, P. R.","contributorId":7819,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Christensen","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gorevan, S.","contributorId":7886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gorevan","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Herkenhoff, K. E.","contributorId":57959,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herkenhoff","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Klingelhofer, G.","contributorId":57195,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klingelhofer","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Madsen, M.B.","contributorId":97291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madsen","given":"M.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Morris, R.V.","contributorId":6978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morris","given":"R.V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Rieder, R.","contributorId":28046,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rieder","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Romero, R.A.","contributorId":68612,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Romero","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70025083,"text":"70025083 - 2003 - Insights into oil cracking based on laboratory experiments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:27","indexId":"70025083","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2958,"text":"Organic Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Insights into oil cracking based on laboratory experiments","docAbstract":"The objectives of this pyrolysis investigation were to determine changes in (1) oil composition, (2) gas composition and (3) gas carbon isotope ratios and to compare these results with hydrocarbons in reservoirs. Laboratory cracking of a saturate-rich Devonian oil by confined, dry pyrolysis was performed at T = 350-450??C, P = 650 bars and times ranging from 24 h to 33 days. Increasing thermal stress results in the C15+ hydrocarbon fraction cracking to form C6-14 and C1-5 hydrocarbons and pyrobitumen. The C6-14 fraction continues to crack to C 1-5 gases plus pyrobitumen at higher temperatures and prolonged heating time and the ?? 13Cethane-?? 13Cpropane difference becomes greater as oil cracking progresses. There is considerable overlap in product generation and product cracking. Oil cracking products accumulate either because the rate of generation of any product is greater than the rate of removal by cracking of that product or because the product is a stable end member under the experimental conditions. Oil cracking products decrease when the amount of product generated from a reactant is less than the amount of product cracked. If pyrolysis gas compositions are representative of gases generated from oil cracking in nature, then understanding the processes that alter natural gas composition is critical. ?? 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Organic Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0146-6380(03)00173-6","issn":"01466380","usgsCitation":"Hill, R., Tang, Y., and Kaplan, I., 2003, Insights into oil cracking based on laboratory experiments: Organic Geochemistry, v. 34, no. 12, p. 1651-1672, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0146-6380(03)00173-6.","startPage":"1651","endPage":"1672","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209437,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0146-6380(03)00173-6"},{"id":235877,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3c1fe4b0c8380cd62aad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hill, R.J.","contributorId":92850,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tang, Y.","contributorId":104199,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tang","given":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kaplan, I.R.","contributorId":24086,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaplan","given":"I.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70026228,"text":"70026228 - 2003 - A hydrologic network supporting spatially referenced regression modeling in the Chesapeake Bay watershed","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:24","indexId":"70026228","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1552,"text":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","onlineIssn":"1573-2959","printIssn":"0167-6369","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A hydrologic network supporting spatially referenced regression modeling in the Chesapeake Bay watershed","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey has developed a methodology for statistically relating nutrient sources and land-surface characteristics to nutrient loads of streams. The methodology is referred to as SPAtially Referenced Regressions On Watershed attributes (SPARROW), and relates measured stream nutrient loads to nutrient sources using nonlinear statistical regression models. A spatially detailed digital hydrologic network of stream reaches, stream-reach characteristics such as mean streamflow, water velocity, reach length, and travel time, and their associated watersheds supports the regression models. This network serves as the primary framework for spatially referencing potential nutrient source information such as atmospheric deposition, septic systems, point-sources, land use, land cover, and agricultural sources and land-surface characteristics such as land use, land cover, average-annual precipitation and temperature, slope, and soil permeability. In the Chesapeake Bay watershed that covers parts of Delaware, Maryland, Pennsylvania, New York, Virginia, West Virginia, and Washington D.C., SPARROW was used to generate models estimating loads of total nitrogen and total phosphorus representing 1987 and 1992 land-surface conditions. The 1987 models used a hydrologic network derived from an enhanced version of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's digital River Reach File, and course resolution Digital Elevation Models (DEMs). A new hydrologic network was created to support the 1992 models by generating stream reaches representing surface-water pathways defined by flow direction and flow accumulation algorithms from higher resolution DEMs. On a reach-by-reach basis, stream reach characteristics essential to the modeling were transferred to the newly generated pathways or reaches from the enhanced River Reach File used to support the 1987 models. To complete the new network, watersheds for each reach were generated using the direction of surface-water flow derived from the DEMs. This network improves upon existing digital stream data by increasing the level of spatial detail and providing consistency between the reach locations and topography. The hydrologic network also aids in illustrating the spatial patterns of predicted nutrient loads and sources contributed locally to each stream, and the percentages of nutrient load that reach Chesapeake Bay.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1023/A:1021356420864","issn":"01676369","usgsCitation":"Brakebill, J., and Preston, S.D., 2003, A hydrologic network supporting spatially referenced regression modeling in the Chesapeake Bay watershed: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v. 81, no. 1-3, p. 73-84, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1021356420864.","startPage":"73","endPage":"84","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234288,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208508,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1021356420864"}],"volume":"81","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e42ae4b0c8380cd46465","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brakebill, J. W.","contributorId":48206,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brakebill","given":"J. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Preston, S. D.","contributorId":105770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Preston","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70025143,"text":"70025143 - 2003 - Performance of the radial semblance method for the location of very long period volcanic signals","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-26T16:53:09.609395","indexId":"70025143","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Performance of the radial semblance method for the location of very long period volcanic signals","docAbstract":"We investigate the performance of a source location method that combines multichannel semblance and particle motions and is being increasingly used to obtain estimates of the source locations of very long period (VLP) seismic signals recorded on volcanoes. The method makes use of the radial particle motions and large wavelengths that characterize the VLP events. To assess the capabilities of this radial semblance method, and to better understand its limitations, we quantify the effects of window length, noise contents of the signal, inaccurate velocity models, receiver coverage, and orientation errors in the horizontal components of the receivers. Our results show that the semblance method performs best when (1) the noise level is low enough to allow a good characterization of the waveforms, (2) the sources are located at distances between one half of the average receiver spacing and about two times the network aperture, and (3) the orientations of the horizontal components of the seismometers are known with relative accuracy. When these requirements are met, the radial semblance method constitutes an adequate tool to obtain preliminary locations of VLP volcanic signals recorded by broadband networks. Moreover, we provide a formula to determine the radial semblance level that should be used to define error regions associated to the estimated source locations.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120020143","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Almendros, J., and Chouet, B., 2003, Performance of the radial semblance method for the location of very long period volcanic signals: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 93, no. 5, p. 1890-1903, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120020143.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1890","endPage":"1903","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":387429,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"93","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7690e4b0c8380cd781ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Almendros, J.","contributorId":73369,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Almendros","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chouet, B.","contributorId":68465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chouet","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70025217,"text":"70025217 - 2003 - Effects of salinity, pH and temperature on the re-establishment of bioluminescence and copper or SDS toxicity in the marine dinoflagellate Pyrocystis lunula using bioluminescence as an endpoint","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:57","indexId":"70025217","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1555,"text":"Environmental Pollution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of salinity, pH and temperature on the re-establishment of bioluminescence and copper or SDS toxicity in the marine dinoflagellate Pyrocystis lunula using bioluminescence as an endpoint","docAbstract":"Pyrocystis lunula is a unicellular, marine, photoautotrophic, bioluminescent dinoflagellate. This organism is used in the Lumitox ?? bioassay with inhibition of bioluminescence re-establishment as the endpoint. Experiments determined if acute changes in pH, salinity, or temperature had an effect on the organisms' ability to re-establish bioluminescence, or on the bioassay's potential to detect sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and copper toxicity. The re-establishment of bioluminescence itself was not very sensitive to changes in pH within the pH 6-10 range, though reducing pH from 8 to levels below 6 decreased this capacity. Increasing the pH had little effect on Cu or SDS toxicity, but decreasing the pH below 7 virtually eliminated the toxicity of either compound in the bioassay. Lowering the salinity from 33 to 27??? or less resulted in a substantial decrease in re-establishment of bioluminescence, while increasing the salinity to 43 or 48 ??? resulted in a small decline. Salinity had little influence on the bioassay's quantification of Cu toxicity, while the data showed a weak negative relationship between SDS toxicity and salinity. Re-establishment of bioluminescence showed a direct dependence on temperature, but only at 10??C did temperature have an obvious effect on the toxicity of Cu in this bioassay. ?? 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Pollution","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0269-7491(03)00059-9","issn":"02697491","usgsCitation":"Craig, J., Klerks, P., Heimann, K., and Waits, J., 2003, Effects of salinity, pH and temperature on the re-establishment of bioluminescence and copper or SDS toxicity in the marine dinoflagellate Pyrocystis lunula using bioluminescence as an endpoint: Environmental Pollution, v. 125, no. 2, p. 267-275, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0269-7491(03)00059-9.","startPage":"267","endPage":"275","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209585,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0269-7491(03)00059-9"},{"id":236215,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"125","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a07bbe4b0c8380cd517d8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Craig, J.M.","contributorId":39566,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Craig","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Klerks, P.L.","contributorId":24396,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klerks","given":"P.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Heimann, K.","contributorId":84552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heimann","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Waits, J.L.","contributorId":92630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waits","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70025146,"text":"70025146 - 2003 - Benthic foraminifers from the continental shelf and slope of the Gulf of Mexico: An indicator of shelf hypoxia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:56","indexId":"70025146","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1587,"text":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Benthic foraminifers from the continental shelf and slope of the Gulf of Mexico: An indicator of shelf hypoxia","docAbstract":"Benthic foraminifers from 74 core-top sediment samples collected primarily from the continental shelf of the Gulf of Mexico were analyzed to determine a microfaunal indicator for shelf hypoxia to be used in future paleoenvironmental studies. Principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA) of 93 species recognized factors/clusters that were similar to previous investigations of the benthic foraminifers, except that both analyses also identified PCA6/CA6 in the area where hypoxic conditions have been observed. Three low-oxygen-tolerant species, Pseudononion atlanticum, Epistominella vitrea, and Buliminella morgani have high factor loadings in PCA6. The cumulative percentage of three species is defined as the PEB (PEB, Pseudononion, Epistominella, Buliminella) index. The highest PEB values observed in the 74 surface sediment samples occur in the zone of recognized hypoxia on the Louisiana shelf. Values of the PEB index are also elevated along the southern Texas coastline, suggesting that this area may experience periodic hypoxia as well. ?? 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0272-7714(02)00352-9","issn":"02727714","usgsCitation":"Osterman, L., 2003, Benthic foraminifers from the continental shelf and slope of the Gulf of Mexico: An indicator of shelf hypoxia: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, v. 58, no. 1, p. 17-35, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0272-7714(02)00352-9.","startPage":"17","endPage":"35","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209570,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0272-7714(02)00352-9"},{"id":236176,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"58","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f0b9e4b0c8380cd4a89e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Osterman, L.E.","contributorId":53836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Osterman","given":"L.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70025388,"text":"70025388 - 2003 - Late Quaternary vegetation and climate history of the central Bering land bridge from St. Michael Island, western Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:29","indexId":"70025388","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3218,"text":"Quaternary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late Quaternary vegetation and climate history of the central Bering land bridge from St. Michael Island, western Alaska","docAbstract":"Pollen analysis of a sediment core from Zagoskin Lake on St. Michael Island, northeast Bering Sea, provides a history of vegetation and climate for the central Bering land bridge and adjacent western Alaska for the past ???30,000 14C yr B.P. During the late middle Wisconsin interstadial (???30,000-26,000 14C yr B.P.) vegetation was dominated by graminoid-herb tundra with willows (Salix) and minor dwarf birch (Betula nana) and Ericales. During the late Wisconsin glacial interval (26,000-15,000 14C yr B.P.) vegetation was graminoid-herb tundra with willows, but with fewer dwarf birch and Ericales, and more herb types associated with dry habitats and disturbed soils. Grasses (Poaceae) dominated during the peak of this glacial interval. Graminoid-herb tundra suggests that central Beringia had a cold, arid climate from ???30,000 to 15,000 14C yr B.P. Between 15,000 and 13,000 14C yr B.P., birch shrub-Ericales-sedge-moss tundra began to spread rapidly across the land bridge and Alaska. This major vegetation change suggests moister, warmer summer climates and deeper winter snows. A brief invasion of Populus (poplar, aspen) occurred ca. 11,000-9500 14C yr B.P., overlapping with the Younger Dryas interval of dry, cooler(?) climate. During the latest Wisconsin to middle Holocene the Bering land bridge was flooded by rising seas. Alder shrubs (Alnus crispa) colonized the St. Michael Island area ca. 8000 14C yr B.P. Boreal forests dominated by spruce (Picea) spread from interior Alaska into the eastern Norton Sound area in middle Holocene time, but have not spread as far west as St. Michael Island. ?? 2003 University of Washington. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0033-5894(03)00068-1","issn":"00335894","usgsCitation":"Ager, T.A., 2003, Late Quaternary vegetation and climate history of the central Bering land bridge from St. Michael Island, western Alaska: Quaternary Research, v. 60, no. 1, p. 19-32, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0033-5894(03)00068-1.","startPage":"19","endPage":"32","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209476,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0033-5894(03)00068-1"},{"id":235967,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"60","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a453ce4b0c8380cd67156","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ager, T. A.","contributorId":88386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ager","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70025147,"text":"70025147 - 2003 - Modeling white sturgeon movement in a reservoir: The effect of water quality and sturgeon density","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:56","indexId":"70025147","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1458,"text":"Ecological Modelling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling white sturgeon movement in a reservoir: The effect of water quality and sturgeon density","docAbstract":"We developed a movement model to examine the distribution and survival of white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) in a reservoir subject to large spatial and temporal variation in dissolved oxygen and temperature. Temperature and dissolved oxygen were simulated by a CE-QUAL-W2 model of Brownlee Reservoir, Idaho for a typical wet, normal, and dry hydrologic year. We compared current water quality conditions to scenarios with reduced nutrient inputs to the reservoir. White sturgeon habitat quality was modeled as a function of temperature, dissolved oxygen and, in some cases, suitability for foraging and depth. We assigned a quality index to each cell along the bottom of the reservoir. The model simulated two aspects of daily movement. Advective movement simulated the tendency for animals to move toward areas with high habitat quality, and diffusion simulated density dependent movement away from areas with high sturgeon density in areas with non-lethal habitat conditions. Mortality resulted when sturgeon were unable to leave areas with lethal temperature or dissolved oxygen conditions. Water quality was highest in winter and early spring and lowest in mid to late summer. Limiting nutrient inputs reduced the area of Brownlee Reservoir with lethal conditions for sturgeon and raised the average habitat suitability throughout the reservoir. Without movement, simulated white sturgeon survival ranged between 45 and 89%. Allowing movement raised the predicted survival of sturgeon under all conditions to above 90% as sturgeon avoided areas with low habitat quality. ?? 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Modelling","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0304-3800(03)00169-8","issn":"03043800","usgsCitation":"Sullivan, A., Jager, H., and Myers, R., 2003, Modeling white sturgeon movement in a reservoir: The effect of water quality and sturgeon density: Ecological Modelling, v. 167, no. 1-2, p. 97-114, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3800(03)00169-8.","startPage":"97","endPage":"114","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209582,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3800(03)00169-8"},{"id":236211,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"167","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5c5ee4b0c8380cd6fc2f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sullivan, A.B.","contributorId":17030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sullivan","given":"A.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jager, H.I.","contributorId":99734,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jager","given":"H.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Myers, R.","contributorId":80060,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Myers","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70025149,"text":"70025149 - 2003 - Subcellular compartmentalization of Cd and Zn in two bivalves. II. Significance of trophically available metal (TAM)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-05T14:48:33","indexId":"70025149","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2663,"text":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Subcellular compartmentalization of Cd and Zn in two bivalves. II. Significance of trophically available metal (TAM)","docAbstract":"This paper examines how the subcellular partitioning of Cd and Zn in the bivalves Macoma balthica and Potamocorbula amurensis may affect the trophic transfer of metal to predators. Results show that the partitioning of metals to organelles, Œenzymes¹ and metallothioneins (MT) comprise a subcellular compartment containing trophically available metal (TAM; i.e. metal trophically available to predators), and that because this partitioning varies with species, animal size and metal, TAM is similarly influenced. Clams from San Francisco Bay, California, were exposed for 14 d to 3.5 µg l-1 Cd and 20.5 µg l-1 Zn, including 109Cd and 65Zn as radiotracers, and were used in feeding experiments with grass shrimp Palaemon macrodatylus, or used to investigate the subcellular partitioning of metal. Grass shrimp fed Cd-contaminated P. amurensis absorbed ~60% of ingested Cd, which was in accordance with the partitioning of Cd to the bivalve¹s TAM compartment (i.e. Cd associated with organelles, Œenzymes¹ and MT); a similar relationship was found in previous studies with grass shrimp fed Cd-contaminated oligochaetes. Thus, TAM may be used as a tool to predict the trophic transfer of at least Cd. Subcellular fractionation revealed that ~34% of both the Cd and Zn accumulated by M. balthica was associated with TAM, while partitioning to TAM in P. amurensis was metal-dependent (~60% for TAM-Cd%, ~73% for TAM-Zn%). The greater TAM-Cd% of P. amurensis than M. balthica is due to preferential binding of Cd to MT and Œenzymes¹, while enhanced TAM-Zn% of P. amurensis results from a greater binding of Zn to organelles. TAM for most species-metal combinations was size-dependent, decreasing with increased clam size. Based on field data, it is estimated that of the 2 bivalves, P. amurensis poses the greater threat of Cd exposure to predators because of higher tissue concentrations and greater partitioning as TAM; exposure of Zn to predators would be similar between these species.
","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research","doi":"10.3354/meps257125","issn":"01718630","usgsCitation":"Wallace, W., and Luoma, S.N., 2003, Subcellular compartmentalization of Cd and Zn in two bivalves. II. Significance of trophically available metal (TAM): Marine Ecology Progress Series, v. 257, p. 125-137, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps257125.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"125","endPage":"137","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487481,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/meps257125","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":235649,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"257","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9d03e4b08c986b31d5bb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wallace, W.G.","contributorId":55588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wallace","given":"W.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Luoma, Samuel N. 0000-0001-5443-5091 snluoma@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5443-5091","contributorId":2287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"Samuel","email":"snluoma@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":778884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}