The toxicity of o,p′-DDE (1,1-dichloro-2-(p-chlorophenyl)-2-(o-chlorophenyl) ethylene) was evaluated in embryos of medaka (Oryzias latipes) following a one time exposure via nanoinjection. Medaka eggs (early gastrula) were injected with 0.5 nl of triolein (vehicle control) or 0.5 nl of 4 graded doses (0.0005-0.5 ng/egg) of o,p′-DDE in triolein. Embryos were allowed to develop, and fry were reared. Embryonic survival was monitored daily during the first 10 d until hatching and thereafter, on a weekly basis until day 59, at which time the fish were monitored for sexual maturity until day 107. In general, o,p′-DDE caused a dose- and time-dependent mortality. No changes in mortality were observed between the last two time points (day 38 and 59, respectively), and hence a 59 day-LD50 of 346 ng o,p′-DDE/egg was derived from the linear dose-response relationship. Prior to late stage death, only isolated cases of cardiovascular lesions and spinal deformities were observed, but were not dose-dependent. The lowest observable adverse effect level (LOAEL), based on upper 95% CI for regression line=0.0018 mg/kg, and the LOAEL based on exposure doses=0.5 mg/kg. Likewise, the no observable adverse effect level (NOAEL) based on linear extrapolation to 100% survival=0.0000388 mg/kg, while the NOAEL based on exposure doses=0.05 mg/kg. The nanoinjection medaka model has potential in the study of hormonally active compounds in the environment.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0045-6535(03)00583-6","issn":"00456535","usgsCitation":"Villalobos, S.A., Papoulias, D.M., Pastva, S.D., Blankenship, A.L., Meadows, J.C., Tillitt, D.E., and Giesy, J.P., 2003, Toxicity of o,p′-DDE to medaka d-rR strain after a one-time embryonic exposure by in ovo nanoinjection: An early through juvenile life cycle assessment: Chemosphere, v. 53, no. 8, p. 819-826, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0045-6535(03)00583-6.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"819","endPage":"826","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235776,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209391,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0045-6535(03)00583-6"}],"volume":"53","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb609e4b08c986b326a12","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Villalobos, Sergio A.","contributorId":58802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Villalobos","given":"Sergio","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Papoulias, Diana M. 0000-0002-5106-2469 dpapoulias@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5106-2469","contributorId":2726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Papoulias","given":"Diana","email":"dpapoulias@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":404673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pastva, Stephanie D.","contributorId":103027,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pastva","given":"Stephanie","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Blankenship, Alan L.","contributorId":51047,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blankenship","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Meadows, John C. jmeadows@usgs.gov","contributorId":3024,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meadows","given":"John","email":"jmeadows@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":404671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Tillitt, Donald E. 0000-0002-8278-3955 dtillitt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8278-3955","contributorId":1875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tillitt","given":"Donald","email":"dtillitt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":404676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Giesy, John P.","contributorId":57426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giesy","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70025298,"text":"70025298 - 2003 - Determination of layer-charge characteristics of smectites","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-27T18:34:11","indexId":"70025298","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1245,"text":"Clays and Clay Minerals","onlineIssn":"1552-8367","printIssn":"0009-8604","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determination of layer-charge characteristics of smectites","docAbstract":"A new method for calculation of layer charge and charge distribution of smectites is proposed. The method is based on comparisons between X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of K-saturated, ethylene glycol-solvated, oriented samples and calculated XRD patterns for three-component, mixed-layer systems. For the calculated patterns it is assumed that the measured patterns can be modeled as random interstratifications of fully expanding 17.1 Å layers, partially expanding 13.5 Å layers and non-expanding 9.98 Å layers. The technique was tested using 29 well characterized smectites. According to their XRD patterns, smectites were classified as group 1 (low-charge smectites) and group 2 (high-charge smectites). The boundary between the two groups is at a layer charge of −0.46 equivalents per half unit-cell. Low-charge smectites are dominated by 17.1 Å layers, whereas high-charge smectites contain only 20% fully expandable layers on average. Smectite properties and industrial applications may be dictated by the proportion of 17.1 Å layers present. Non-expanding layers may control the behavior of smectites during weathering, facilitating the formation of illite layers after subsequent cycles of wetting and drying. The precision of the method is better than 3.5% at a layer charge of −0.50; therefore the method should be useful for basic research and for industrial purposes.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Clay Minerals Society","doi":"10.1346/CCMN.2003.0510607","usgsCitation":"Christidis, G., and Eberl, D.D., 2003, Determination of layer-charge characteristics of smectites: Clays and Clay Minerals, v. 51, no. 6, p. 644-655, https://doi.org/10.1346/CCMN.2003.0510607.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"644","endPage":"655","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235737,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ffb0e4b0c8380cd4f329","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Christidis, G.E.","contributorId":48366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christidis","given":"G.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eberl, D. D.","contributorId":66282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eberl","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70025294,"text":"70025294 - 2003 - Effect of isolated fractures on accelerated flow in unsaturated porous rock","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-16T10:11:08","indexId":"70025294","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of isolated fractures on accelerated flow in unsaturated porous rock","docAbstract":"Fractures that begin and end in the unsaturated zone, or isolated fractures, have been ignored in previous studies because they were generally assumed to behave as capillary barriers and remain nonconductive. We conducted a series of experiments using Berea sandstone samples to examine the physical mechanisms controlling flow in a rock containing a single isolated fracture. The input fluxes and fracture orientation were varied in these experiments. Visualization experiments using dyed water in a thin vertical slab of rock were conducted to identify flow mechanisms occurring due to the presence of the isolated fracture. Two mechanisms occurred: (1) localized flow through the rock matrix in the vicinity of the isolated fracture and (2) pooling of water at the bottom of the fracture, indicating the occurrence of film flow along the isolated fracture wall. These mechanisms were observed at fracture angles of 20 and 60 degrees from the horizontal, but not at 90 degrees. Pooling along the bottom of the fracture was observed over a wider range of input fluxes for low‐angled isolated fractures compared to high‐angled ones. Measurements of matrix water pressures in the samples with the 20 and 60 degree fractures also demonstrated that preferential flow occurred through the matrix in the fracture vicinity, where higher pressures occurred in the regions where faster flow was observed in the visualization experiments. The pooling length at the terminus of a 20 degree isolated fracture was measured as a function of input flux. Calculations of the film flow rate along the fracture were made using these measurements and indicated that up to 22% of the flow occurred as film flow. These experiments, apparently the first to consider isolated fractures, demonstrate that such features can accelerate flow through the unsaturated zone and should be considered when developing conceptual models.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2002WR001691","usgsCitation":"Su, G.W., Nimmo, J.R., and Dragila, M.I., 2003, Effect of isolated fractures on accelerated flow in unsaturated porous rock: Water Resources Research, v. 39, no. 12, p. 1-1-1-5, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002WR001691.","productDescription":"Article 1326; 5 p.","startPage":"1-1","endPage":"1-5","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478538,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2002wr001691","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":235693,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-12-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a05f0e4b0c8380cd51033","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Su, Grace W.","contributorId":145734,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Su","given":"Grace","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":404652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nimmo, John R. 0000-0001-8191-1727 jrnimmo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8191-1727","contributorId":757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nimmo","given":"John","email":"jrnimmo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":404653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dragila, Maria I.","contributorId":8657,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dragila","given":"Maria","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70025290,"text":"70025290 - 2003 - Paleoseismology of the Chelungpu Fault during the past 1900 years","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:57","indexId":"70025290","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3217,"text":"Quaternary International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Paleoseismology of the Chelungpu Fault during the past 1900 years","docAbstract":"The 1999 earthquake brought about 80-km-long surface ruptures along the Shihkang, Chelungpu, and Tajienshan Faults, central Taiwan. Several trenches have been excavated across the Chelungpu Fault of the middle segment. The surface ruptures display clear scarps ranging from 0.2 to 4 m high, showing a complex geomorphic pattern due to coseismic faulting and folding. In the study, measurement of the vertical offset or structural relief was taken with reference to the hanging wall beyond the trishear deformation zone. Therefore we suggest that, for the measurement of offset, we should disregard the trishear zone, and that structural relief on the hanging wall should be represented as a real vertical offset. The net slip is then calculated from the structural relief and dip angle of the thrust on a vertical plane along the slip direction. Through the excavation of a pineapple field across the Chelungpu Fault, we are able to provide evidence of at least four earthquake events for the past about 1900 years, including the 1999 earthquake. Furthermore, based on the radiocarbon dates and historical record, the timing of the penultimate event is bracketed to be between 430 and 150 years ago, and the average recurrence interval is less than 700 years. These data indicate that the average slip rate is about 8.7 mm/yr for the past 1900 years. ?? 2003 Published by Elsevier Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary International","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S1040-6182(03)00105-8","issn":"10406182","usgsCitation":"Chen, W., Lee, K., Lee, L., Ponti, D., Prentice, C., Chen, Y., Chang, H., and Lee, Y., 2003, Paleoseismology of the Chelungpu Fault during the past 1900 years: Quaternary International, v. 115-116, p. 167-176, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1040-6182(03)00105-8.","startPage":"167","endPage":"176","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209588,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1040-6182(03)00105-8"},{"id":236220,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"115-116","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a744de4b0c8380cd77584","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chen, W.-S.","contributorId":33905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chen","given":"W.-S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lee, K.-J.","contributorId":26868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"K.-J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lee, L.-S.","contributorId":45099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"L.-S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ponti, D.J.","contributorId":94326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ponti","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Prentice, C.","contributorId":33107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prentice","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Chen, Y.-G.","contributorId":66891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chen","given":"Y.-G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Chang, H.-C.","contributorId":80463,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chang","given":"H.-C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Lee, Y.-H.","contributorId":82514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Y.-H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70025289,"text":"70025289 - 2003 - Modeling the Radiance of the Moon for On-orbit Calibration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:57","indexId":"70025289","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Modeling the Radiance of the Moon for On-orbit Calibration","docAbstract":"The RObotic Lunar Observatory (ROLO) project has developed radiometric models of the Moon for disk-integrated irradiance and spatially resolved radiance. Although the brightness of the Moon varies spatially and with complex dependencies upon illumination and viewing geometry, the surface photometric properties are extremely stable, and therefore potentially knowable to high accuracy. The ROLO project has acquired 5+ years of spatially resolved lunar images in 23 VNIR and 9 SWIR filter bands at phase angles up to 90??. These images are calibrated to exoatmospheric radiance using nightly stellar observations in a band-coupled extinction algorithm and a radiometric scale based upon observations of the star Vega. An effort is currently underway to establish an absolute scale with direct traceability to NIST radiometric standards. The ROLO radiance model performs linear fitting of the spatially resolved lunar image data on an individual pixel basis. The results are radiance images directly comparable to spacecraft observations of the Moon. Model-generated radiance images have been produced for the ASTER lunar view conducted on 14 April 2003. The radiance model is still experimental - simplified photometric functions have been used, and initial results show evidence of computational instabilities, particularly at the lunar poles. The ROLO lunar image dataset is unique and extensive and presents opportunities for development of novel approaches to lunar photometric modeling.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering","conferenceTitle":"Earth Observing Systems VIII","conferenceDate":"3 August 2003 through 6 August 2003","conferenceLocation":"San Diego, CA","language":"English","doi":"10.1117/12.506117","issn":"0277786X","usgsCitation":"Stone, T., Kieffer, H.H., and Becker, K., 2003, Modeling the Radiance of the Moon for On-orbit Calibration, in Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, v. 5151, San Diego, CA, 3 August 2003 through 6 August 2003, p. 463-470, https://doi.org/10.1117/12.506117.","startPage":"463","endPage":"470","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209587,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.506117"},{"id":236219,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5151","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5c39e4b0c8380cd6fb01","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Barnes W.L.","contributorId":128354,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Barnes W.L.","id":536552,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Stone, T.C.","contributorId":74874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stone","given":"T.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kieffer, H. H.","contributorId":40725,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kieffer","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Becker, K.J.","contributorId":88111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Becker","given":"K.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70025287,"text":"70025287 - 2003 - US National Large-scale City Orthoimage Standard Initiative","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:57","indexId":"70025287","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"US National Large-scale City Orthoimage Standard Initiative","docAbstract":"The early procedures and algorithms for National digital orthophoto generation in National Digital Orthophoto Program (NDOP) were based on earlier USGS mapping operations, such as field control, aerotriangulation (derived in the early 1920's), the quarter-quadrangle-centered (3.75 minutes of longitude and latitude in geographic extent), 1:40,000 aerial photographs, and 2.5 D digital elevation models. However, large-scale city orthophotos using early procedures have disclosed many shortcomings, e.g., ghost image, occlusion, shadow. Thus, to provide the technical base (algorithms, procedure) and experience needed for city large-scale digital orthophoto creation is essential for the near future national large-scale digital orthophoto deployment and the revision of the Standards for National Large-scale City Digital Orthophoto in National Digital Orthophoto Program (NDOP). This paper will report our initial research results as follows: (1) High-precision 3D city DSM generation through LIDAR data processing, (2) Spatial objects/features extraction through surface material information and high-accuracy 3D DSM data, (3) 3D city model development, (4) Algorithm development for generation of DTM-based orthophoto, and DBM-based orthophoto, (5) True orthophoto generation by merging DBM-based orthophoto and DTM-based orthophoto, and (6) Automatic mosaic by optimizing and combining imagery from many perspectives.","largerWorkTitle":"International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS)","conferenceTitle":"2003 IGARSS: Learning From Earth's Shapes and Colours","conferenceDate":"21 July 2003 through 25 July 2003","conferenceLocation":"Toulouse","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Zhou, G., Song, C., Benjamin, S., and Schickler, W., 2003, US National Large-scale City Orthoimage Standard Initiative, in International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS), v. 6, Toulouse, 21 July 2003 through 25 July 2003, p. 3739-3741.","startPage":"3739","endPage":"3741","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236183,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbb53e4b08c986b32862d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zhou, G.","contributorId":12604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhou","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Song, C.","contributorId":80881,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Song","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Benjamin, S.","contributorId":23474,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benjamin","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schickler, W.","contributorId":20526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schickler","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70025281,"text":"70025281 - 2003 - Advection, pelagic food webs and the biogeography of seabirds in Beringia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-08T11:43:42","indexId":"70025281","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2675,"text":"Marine Ornithology: Journal of Seabird Research and Conservation","onlineIssn":"2074-1235","printIssn":"1018-3337","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Advection, pelagic food webs and the biogeography of seabirds in Beringia","docAbstract":"Despite its great distance from productive shelf-edge habitat, the inner shelf area of the Bering Sea, from St. Lawrence Island to the Bering Strait, supports a surprisingly large number (>5 million) of seabirds during summer, mostly small plantivorous auklets (65%) and large piscivorous murres (19%) and kittiwakes (5%). This paradox of seabird biogeography is explained by the Anadyr “Green Belt” - a current that advects nutrients and plankton over 1200 km from the outer Bering Sea shelf-edge to the central Chukchi Sea. Turbulent upwelling of this nutrient-rich water at Anadyr and Bering straits further enhances high levels of primary production (360 gC m-2y-1) and helps sustain the enormous biomass of zooplankton entrained in the Anadyr Current. Primary production in adjacent waters of the Chukchi Sea (420 gC m-2y-1) exceeds that observed below Bering Strait, and zooplankton are equally abundant. Auklets account for 49% of total food consumption below Bering Strait (411 mt d-1), whereas piscivores dominate (88% of 179 mt d-1) in the Chukchi Sea. Of 2 million seabirds in the Chukchi region, auklets (6%) are supplanted by planktivorous phalaropes (25%), and piscivorous murres (38%) and kittiwakes (15%). Average carbon flux to seabirds (0.65 mgC m-2d-1) over the whole region is more typical of upwelling than shelf ecosystems. The pelagic distribution of seabirds in the region appears to be a function of advection, productivity and water column stability. Planktivores flourish in areas with high zooplankton concentrations on the edge of productive upwelling and frontal zones along the “Green Belt”, whereas piscivores avoid turbulent, mixed waters and forage in stable, stratified waters along the coast and in the central Chukchi Sea.
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Mapping focused on select topographic highs thave hae been idetnnfied as biological features warranting protection from oil and gas activities by the Minerals Management Service (MMS). The base maps will be used for all future ROV and submersible missions.","largerWorkTitle":"Oceans Conference Record (IEEE)","conferenceTitle":"Celebrating the Past... Teaming Toward the Future","conferenceDate":"22 September 2003 through 26 September 2003","conferenceLocation":"San Diego, CA.","language":"English","issn":"01977385","usgsCitation":"Hickerson, E., Schmahl, G., Weaver, D., and Gardner, J., 2003, High-resolution multibeam mapping and submersible surveys of topographic features in the northwestern Gulf of Mexico, in Oceans Conference Record (IEEE), v. 3, San Diego, CA., 22 September 2003 through 26 September 2003.","startPage":"1286","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236069,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3111e4b0c8380cd5dbdd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hickerson, E.L.","contributorId":102675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hickerson","given":"E.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schmahl, G.P.","contributorId":80058,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmahl","given":"G.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Weaver, D.C.","contributorId":53579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weaver","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gardner, J.V.","contributorId":76705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardner","given":"J.V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70025390,"text":"70025390 - 2003 - Structural framework of a major intracontinental orogenic termination zone: The easternmost Tien Shan, China","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:59","indexId":"70025390","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2545,"text":"Journal of the Geological Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Structural framework of a major intracontinental orogenic termination zone: The easternmost Tien Shan, China","docAbstract":"The Barkol Tagh and Karlik Tagh ranges of the easternmost Tien Shan are a natural laboratory for studying the fault architecture of an active termination zone of a major intracontinental mountain range. Barkol and Karlik Tagh and lesser ranges to the north are bounded by active thrust faults that locally deform Quaternary sediments. Major thrusts in Karlik Tagh connect along strike to the east with the left-lateral Gobi-Tien Shan Fault System in SW Mongolia. From a Mongolian perspective. Karlik Tagh represents a large restraining bend for this regional strike-slip fault system, and the entire system of thrusts and strike-slip faults in the Karlik Tagh region defines a horsetail splay fault geometry. Regionally, there appears to be a kinematic transition from thrust-dominated deformation in the central Tien Shan to left-lateral transpressional deformation in the easternmost Tien Shan. This transition correlates with a general eastward decrease in mountain belt width and average elevation and a change in the angular relationship between the NNE-directed maximum horizontal stress in the region and the pre-existing basement structural grain, which is northwesterly in the central Tien Shan (orthogonal to SHmax) but more east-west in the eastern Tien Shan (acute angular relationship with SHmax . Ar-Ar ages indicate that major range-bounding thrusts in Barkol and Karlik Tagh are latest Permian-Triassic ductile thrust zones that underwent brittle reactivation in the Late Cenozoic. It is estimated that the modern mountain ranges of the extreme easternmost Tien Shan could have been constructed by only 10-15 km of Late Cenozoic horizontal shortening.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of the Geological Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00167649","usgsCitation":"Cunningham, D., Owen, L., Snee, L., and Li, J., 2003, Structural framework of a major intracontinental orogenic termination zone: The easternmost Tien Shan, China: Journal of the Geological Society, v. 160, no. 4, p. 575-590.","startPage":"575","endPage":"590","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236001,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"160","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9bebe4b08c986b31d18b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cunningham, D.","contributorId":25738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cunningham","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Owen, L.A.","contributorId":94836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Owen","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Snee, L.W.","contributorId":99981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snee","given":"L.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Li, Ji","contributorId":22916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"Ji","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70025271,"text":"70025271 - 2003 - Seismic monitoring instrumentation needs of a building owner and the solution: A cooperative effort","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-14T14:19:30.704419","indexId":"70025271","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Seismic monitoring instrumentation needs of a building owner and the solution: A cooperative effort","docAbstract":"A specific case whereby the owner of a building, in collaboration with another federal agency with expertise in seismic monitoring of buildings, private consulting engineers, and a supplier, facilitated development of a seismic monitoring system for a 24-story building in San Francisco, California. The unique aspects of this monitoring systems include: the monitoring system must relate to rapid assessment of the building following an earthquake and the monitoring system must deliver the data in relatively short time, if not in real-time. The system has the standard recording capability at the site server PC. It has the capability to calculate select number of drift ratios, specific to the building.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Structures Congress and Exposition","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"2003 ASCE/SEI Structures Congress and Exposition: Engineering Smarter","conferenceDate":"May 29-31, 2003","conferenceLocation":"Seattle, Washington, United States","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Çelebi, M., Sanli, A., Sinclair, M., Gallant, S., and Radulescu, D., 2003, Seismic monitoring instrumentation needs of a building owner and the solution: A cooperative effort, in Proceedings of the Structures Congress and Exposition, Seattle, Washington, United States, May 29-31, 2003, p. 359-360.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"359","endPage":"360","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235961,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"San Francisco","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.79099976418203,\n 37.931770445878584\n ],\n [\n -122.79099976418203,\n 37.67123196163239\n ],\n [\n -122.07254584783826,\n 37.67123196163239\n ],\n [\n -122.07254584783826,\n 37.931770445878584\n ],\n [\n -122.79099976418203,\n 37.931770445878584\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8b31e4b08c986b31766a","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Lowes, Laura N.","contributorId":82397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowes","given":"Laura","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":866401,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, G. R.","contributorId":128323,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":866402,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Çelebi, M.","contributorId":36946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Çelebi","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sanli, A.","contributorId":98503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanli","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sinclair, M.","contributorId":63527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sinclair","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gallant, S.","contributorId":86546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gallant","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Radulescu, D.","contributorId":28418,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Radulescu","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70025268,"text":"70025268 - 2003 - Cassini-VIMS at Jupiter: Solar occultation measurements using Io","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:28","indexId":"70025268","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cassini-VIMS at Jupiter: Solar occultation measurements using Io","docAbstract":"We report unusual and somewhat unexpected observations of the jovian satellite Io, showing strong methane absorption bands. These observations were made by the Cassini VIMS experiment during the Jupiter flyby of December/January 2000/2001. The explanation is straightforward: Entering or exiting from Jupiter's shadow during an eclipse, Io is illuminated by solar light which has transited the atmosphere of Jupiter. This light, therefore becomes imprinted with the spectral signature of Jupiter's upper atmosphere, which includes strong atmospheric methane absorption bands. Intercepting solar light refracted by the jovian atmosphere, Io essentially becomes a \"miffor\" for solar occultation events of Jupiter. The thickness of the layer where refracted solar light is observed is so large (more than 3000 km at Io's orbit), that we can foresee a nearly continuous multi-year period of similar events at Saturn, utilizing the large and bright ring system. During Cassini's 4-year nominal mission, this probing tecnique should reveal information of Saturn's atmosphere over a large range of southern latitudes and times. ?? 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Icarus","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0019-1035(03)00178-7","issn":"00191035","usgsCitation":"Formisano, V., D’Aversa, E., Bellucci, G., Baines, K.H., Bibring, J., Brown, R.H., Buratti, B.J., Capaccioni, F., Cerroni, P., Clark, R.N., Coradini, A., Cruikshank, D.P., Drossart, P., Jaumann, R., Langevin, Y., Matson, D.L., McCord, T.B., Mennella, V., Nelson, R., Nicholson, P.D., Sicardy, B., Sotin, C., Chamberlain, M., Hansen, G., Hibbits, K., Showalter, M., and Filacchione, G., 2003, Cassini-VIMS at Jupiter: Solar occultation measurements using Io: Icarus, v. 166, no. 1, p. 75-84, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0019-1035(03)00178-7.","startPage":"75","endPage":"84","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209458,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0019-1035(03)00178-7"},{"id":235925,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"166","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f38fe4b0c8380cd4b8a8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Formisano, V.","contributorId":44694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Formisano","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"D’Aversa, E.","contributorId":31949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"D’Aversa","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bellucci, G.","contributorId":46256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bellucci","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Baines, K. H.","contributorId":37868,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baines","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bibring, J.-P.","contributorId":86083,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bibring","given":"J.-P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Brown, R. H.","contributorId":19931,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Buratti, B. J.","contributorId":69280,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Buratti","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Capaccioni, F.","contributorId":90900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Capaccioni","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Cerroni, P.","contributorId":7869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cerroni","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Clark, R. N.","contributorId":6568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Coradini, A.","contributorId":34679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coradini","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Cruikshank, D. P.","contributorId":51434,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cruikshank","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Drossart, P.","contributorId":29574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drossart","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Jaumann, R.","contributorId":81232,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jaumann","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Langevin, Y.","contributorId":24900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langevin","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Matson, D. L.","contributorId":59940,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Matson","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"McCord, T. B.","contributorId":69695,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McCord","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Mennella, V.","contributorId":88522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mennella","given":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Nelson, R.M.","contributorId":38316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Nicholson, P. D.","contributorId":54330,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nicholson","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Sicardy, B.","contributorId":57622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sicardy","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21},{"text":"Sotin, Christophe","contributorId":53924,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sotin","given":"Christophe","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":22},{"text":"Chamberlain, M.C.","contributorId":103840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chamberlain","given":"M.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":23},{"text":"Hansen, G.","contributorId":30938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":24},{"text":"Hibbits, K.","contributorId":95240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hibbits","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":25},{"text":"Showalter, M.","contributorId":85753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Showalter","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":26},{"text":"Filacchione, G.","contributorId":48740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Filacchione","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":27}]}} ,{"id":70025264,"text":"70025264 - 2003 - Ground cracks associated with the 1994 double spring flat earthquake, west-central Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-26T16:44:03.356391","indexId":"70025264","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ground cracks associated with the 1994 double spring flat earthquake, west-central Nevada","docAbstract":"The 1994 Double Spring Flat earthquake (Mw 5.8) occurred within a densely faulted step-over between the Genoa and Antelope Valley faults, two principal normal faults of the transition zone between the Basin and Range Province and the northern Sierra Nevada. The earthquake created zones of ground cracks from 0.1 to 2.8 km long along at least five northwest- to north-northwest-striking faults in the epicentral area. Individual cracks had extensional openings generally from 1 to 10 mm wide. No cracks displayed obvious vertical separation, and only one zone showed permissive evidence of right-lateral separation. Over the 8 days following the mainshock (the period over which the cracks were found), aftershocks formed a dominant northeast trend suggesting the earthquake occurred along a northeast-striking structure. However, no ground breakage was found along faults striking parallel to this northeast aftershock alignment, and subsequent aftershocks formed a conjugate northwest trend. Based on the location and character of the five zones, the observed cracks are attributed to secondary fault slip and shaking effects. The earthquake also created ground cracks along at least two faults 15-25 km from the epicenter. In both of these cases, the faults had documented histories of prior ground cracking, indicating that they are particularly susceptible to such triggered deformation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120020177","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Ramelli, A., DePolo, C., and Yount, J.C., 2003, Ground cracks associated with the 1994 double spring flat earthquake, west-central Nevada: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 93, no. 6, p. 2762-2768, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120020177.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"2762","endPage":"2768","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":387426,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"93","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2a8fe4b0c8380cd5b290","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ramelli, A. R.","contributorId":100564,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramelli","given":"A. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DePolo, C.M.","contributorId":74533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DePolo","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Yount, J. C.","contributorId":69553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yount","given":"J.","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70025260,"text":"70025260 - 2003 - Post-breeding distribution of Long-tailed Ducks Clangula hyemalis from the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-16T15:08:59.701556","indexId":"70025260","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3764,"text":"Wildfowl","onlineIssn":"2052-6458","printIssn":"0954-6324","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Post-breeding distribution of Long-tailed Ducks Clangula hyemalis from the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska","docAbstract":"Breeding populations of Long-tailed Ducks Clangula hyemalis have declined in western Alaska, particularly on the Yukon-Kuskokwim (Y-K) Delta, and the species is currently considered a species of particular concern by the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service in Alaska. Potential factors that may have contributed to this decline that occurred away from the breeding grounds could not be considered since moulting and wintering areas for this population were unknown. A study was conducted in 1998 and 1999 to locate the moulting and wintering areas of the Y-K Delta breeding population. VHF and satellite transmitters were deployed to identify areas used by moulting birds. Based on the locations identified by satellite telemetry, aerial surveys were flown to locate birds marked with VHF transmitters, then low-level aerial surveys were designed and conducted to determine the number of birds using these and adjacent areas. Moulting locations of 54 marked female Long-tailed Ducks were identified: 13 marked females were found in wetlands and large lakes on the Y-K Delta, 11 in coastal lagoons at St Lawrence Island, Alaska, and two along the coast of the Chukotka Peninsula, Russia. A autumn staging area was identified along the east coast of the Chukotka Peninsula which was used by seven of 10 birds with satellite transmitters providing locations during that period. Birds wintered in coastal waters of the North Pacific Ocean north of 50°N and between 150°E and 130°W. The wide distribution of birds in winter suggests little probability of a single factor in winter contributing to the decline.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wildfowl & Wetlands Trust","usgsCitation":"Petersen, M.R., McCaffery, B.J., and Flint, P.L., 2003, Post-breeding distribution of Long-tailed Ducks Clangula hyemalis from the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska: Wildfowl, v. 54, p. 103-113.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"103","endPage":"113","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235774,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":405183,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://wildfowl.wwt.org.uk/index.php/wildfowl/article/view/1161","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -166.39892578125,\n 60.3812902796077\n ],\n [\n -163.4765625,\n 60.3812902796077\n ],\n [\n -163.4765625,\n 63.40136142059639\n ],\n [\n -166.39892578125,\n 63.40136142059639\n ],\n [\n -166.39892578125,\n 60.3812902796077\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"54","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7e57e4b0c8380cd7a49f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Petersen, Margaret R. 0000-0001-6082-3189 mrpetersen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6082-3189","contributorId":167729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petersen","given":"Margaret","email":"mrpetersen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":404492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCaffery, B. J.","contributorId":99355,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McCaffery","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Flint, Paul L. 0000-0002-8758-6993 pflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8758-6993","contributorId":3284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Paul","email":"pflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":404491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70025258,"text":"70025258 - 2003 - Searching for a life history approach to salmon escapement management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:29","indexId":"70025258","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":718,"text":"American Fisheries Society Symposium","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Searching for a life history approach to salmon escapement management","docAbstract":"A number of Pacific salmon populations have already been lost and many others throughout the range are in various states of decline. Recent research has documented that Pacific salmon carcasses serve as a key delivery vector of marine-derived nutrients into the freshwater portions of their ecosystems. This nutrient supply plays a critical biological feedback role in salmon sustainability by supporting juvenile salmon production. We first demonstrate how nutrient feedback potential to juvenile production may be unaccounted for in spawner-recruit models of populations under long-term exploitation. We then present a heuristic, life history-based, spreadsheet survival model that incorporates salmon carcass-driven nutrient feedback to the freshwater components of the salmon ecosystem. The productivity of a hypothetical coho salmon population was simulated using rates from the literature for survival from spawner to egg, egg to fry, fry to smolt, and smolt to adult. The effects of climate variation and nutrient feedback on survival were incorporated, as were density-dependent effects of the numbers of spawners and fry on freshwater survival of eggs and juveniles. The unexploited equilibrium population was subjected to 100 years of 20, 40, 60, and 80% harvest. Each harvest scenario greater than 20% brought the population to a reduced steady state, regardless of generous compensatory survival at low population sizes. Increasing harvest reduced the positive effects of nutrient contributions to population growth. Salmon researchers should further explore this modeling approach for establishing escapement goals. Given the importance of nutrient feedback, managers should strive for generous escapements that support nutrient rebuilding, as well as egg deposition, to ensure strong future salmon production.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Fisheries Society Symposium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"08922284","usgsCitation":"Knudsen, E., Symmes, E., and Margraf, F., 2003, Searching for a life history approach to salmon escapement management: American Fisheries Society Symposium, v. 2003, no. 34, p. 261-276.","startPage":"261","endPage":"276","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235733,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2003","issue":"34","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8853e4b08c986b3168f7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knudsen, E.E.","contributorId":26116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knudsen","given":"E.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Symmes, E.W.","contributorId":45095,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Symmes","given":"E.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Margraf, F.J.","contributorId":47738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Margraf","given":"F.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70197153,"text":"70197153 - 2003 - Geophysical setting of the Pahute Mesa - Oasis Valley region, southern Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-18T13:07:06","indexId":"70197153","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5690,"text":"Nevada Bureau Mines & Geology Report","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"50","title":"Geophysical setting of the Pahute Mesa - Oasis Valley region, southern Nevada","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology","usgsCitation":"Mankinen, E.A., Hildenbrand, T.G., Fridrich, C.J., McKee, E.H., and Schenkel, C.J., 2003, Geophysical setting of the Pahute Mesa - Oasis Valley region, southern Nevada: Nevada Bureau Mines & Geology Report 50, CD-ROM; 46 p.","productDescription":"CD-ROM; 46 p.","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":354320,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":354319,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.nbmg.unr.edu/Geophys-Pahute-Mesa-CD-ROM-p/r050.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b158519e4b092d9651e2119","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mankinen, Edward A. 0000-0001-7496-2681 emank@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7496-2681","contributorId":1054,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mankinen","given":"Edward","email":"emank@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":735839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hildenbrand, Thomas G.","contributorId":61787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hildenbrand","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":735840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fridrich, Christopher J. 0000-0003-2453-6478 fridrich@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2453-6478","contributorId":1251,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fridrich","given":"Christopher","email":"fridrich@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":735841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McKee, Edwin H. mckee@usgs.gov","contributorId":3728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKee","given":"Edwin","email":"mckee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":735842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schenkel, Clifford J.","contributorId":37370,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schenkel","given":"Clifford","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":735843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70025393,"text":"70025393 - 2003 - Invertebrate response to snow goose herbivory on moist-soil vegetation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-05T11:18:15","indexId":"70025393","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Invertebrate response to snow goose herbivory on moist-soil vegetation","docAbstract":"Foraging activity by snow geese (Chen caerulescens) often creates large areas devoid of vegetation (\"eat-outs\") in moist-soil impoundments and coastal wetlands. Open-water habitats that result from eat-outs may be valuable foraging areas for other wetland-dependent birds (i.e., waterfowl and shorebirds). However, few studies have examined the effects of goose-induced habitat changes on invertebrates, an important food source for both waterfowl and shorebirds. We quantified changes in abundance and composition of benthic invertebrates in response to snow goose herbivory in moist-soil impoundments at Prime Hook National Wildlife Refuge, Delaware, USA. We found invertebrate taxon richness and diversity and abundance of Chironomidae, Coleoptera, and Total Invertebrates to be higher in goose-excluded sites than in adjacent eat-outs. These effects were most pronounced during January, February, and early April. We also measured invertebrate abundance in shorebird exclosures in eat-outs but found few detectable effects of shorebird predation on invertebrates. Our study demonstrated that abundant snow geese may negatively influence availability of invertebrates for other nonbreeding waterbirds, suggesting that management actions to reduce local goose populations or deter feeding in impoundments may be warranted.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wetlands","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"02775212","usgsCitation":"Sherfy, M., and Kirkpatrick, R.L., 2003, Invertebrate response to snow goose herbivory on moist-soil vegetation: Wetlands, v. 23, no. 2, p. 236-249.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"236","endPage":"249","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236041,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3e61e4b0c8380cd63d1c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sherfy, M. H. 0000-0003-3016-4105","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3016-4105","contributorId":42561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherfy","given":"M. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kirkpatrick, R. L.","contributorId":72747,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kirkpatrick","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70179911,"text":"70179911 - 2003 - Olfactory sensitivity of Pacific lampreys to petromyzonol sulfate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-20T10:42:41","indexId":"70179911","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Olfactory sensitivity of Pacific lampreys to petromyzonol sulfate","docAbstract":"Abstract not available
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"In Close, D.A. (ed.)","language":"English","publisher":"Bonneville Power Administration","usgsCitation":"Robinson, T., Bayer, J., and Seelye, J., 2003, Olfactory sensitivity of Pacific lampreys to petromyzonol sulfate.","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":333535,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58833025e4b0d002316377ba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robinson, T.C.","contributorId":178452,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Robinson","given":"T.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bayer, J.M.","contributorId":47945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bayer","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Seelye, J.G.","contributorId":32861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seelye","given":"J.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70025236,"text":"70025236 - 2003 - Three-dimensional velocity structure of crust and upper mantle in southwestern China and its tectonic implications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-04-29T14:04:06.961383","indexId":"70025236","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Three-dimensional velocity structure of crust and upper mantle in southwestern China and its tectonic implications","docAbstract":"Using P and S arrival times from 4625 local and regional earthquakes recorded at 174 seismic stations and associated geophysical investigations, this paper presents a three‐dimensional crustal and upper mantle velocity structure of southwestern China (21°–34°N, 97°–105°E). Southwestern China lies in the transition zone between the uplifted Tibetan plateau to the west and the Yangtze continental platform to the east. In the upper crust a positive velocity anomaly exists in the Sichuan Basin, whereas a large‐scale negative velocity anomaly exists in the western Sichuan Plateau, consistent with the upper crustal structure under the southern Tibetan plateau. The boundary between these two anomaly zones is the Longmen Shan Fault. The negative velocity anomalies at 50‐km depth in the Tengchong volcanic area and the Panxi tectonic zone appear to be associated with temperature and composition variations in the upper mantle. The Red River Fault is the boundary between the positive and negative velocity anomalies at 50‐km depth. The overall features of the crustal and the upper mantle structures in southwestern China are a low average velocity, large crustal thickness variations, the existence of a high‐conductivity layer in the crust or/and upper mantle, and a high heat flow value. All these features are closely related to the collision between the Indian and the Asian plates.
Nitrification and denitrification kinetics in sediment perfusion cores were numerically modeled and compared to experiments on cores from the Shingobee River MN, USA. The experimental design incorporated mixing groundwater discharge with stream water penetration into the cores, which provided a well-defined, one-dimensional simulation of in situ hydrologic conditions. Ammonium (NH4+) and nitrate (NO3−) concentration gradients suggested the upper region of the cores supported coupled nitrification–denitrification, where groundwater-derived NH4+ was first oxidized to NO3− then subsequently reduced via denitrification to N2. Nitrification and denitrification were modeled using a Crank–Nicolson finite difference approximation to a one-dimensional advection–dispersion equation. Both processes were modeled using first-order reaction kinetics because substrate concentrations (NH4+ and NO3−) were much smaller than published Michaelis constants. Rate coefficients for nitrification and denitrification ranged from 0.2 to 15.8 h−1 and 0.02 to 8.0 h−1, respectively. The rate constants followed an Arrhenius relationship between 7.5 and 22 °C. Activation energies for nitrification and denitrification were 162 and 97.3 kJ/mol, respectively. Seasonal NH4+ concentration patterns in the Shingobee River were accurately simulated from the relationship between perfusion core temperature and NH4+ flux to the overlying water. The simulations suggest that NH4+ in groundwater discharge is controlled by sediment nitrification that, consistent with its activation energy, is strongly temperature dependent.
In a recent contribution [1], Johnson et al. reported the equilibrium isotope fractionation factor between dissolved Fe(II) and Fe(III) in aqueous solutions at pH=2.5 and 5.5. They suggest that because the iron isotope fractionation observed in their experiments spans virtually the entire range observed in sedimentary rocks, Fe(II)–Fe(III) aqueous speciation may play a major role in determining iron isotope variations in nature where Fe(II) and Fe(III) can become physically separated. They discounted earlier conclusions by us and others [2] ; [3] that significant equilibrium fractionation between specific coexisting Fe(II)- or Fe(III)-aqueous complexes (e.g., between aqueous Fe(II)(OH)x(aq)and Fe(II)(aq) ion) is capable of producing iron isotope contrasts that can be preserved in nature. This is an important contribution not only because the authors recognize the importance of abiotic equilibrium iron isotope fractionation in nature in contrast to previous assertions [4], but also because it will help to focus discussion on the development and evaluation of experimental approaches that can reveal abiotic fractionation mechanisms. However, in this Comment we propose that the experiments presented in this paper cannot be interpreted as straightforwardly as Johnson et al. contend. In particular, we show that in one of their critical experiments attainment of either isotope mass balance or equilibrium was not demonstrated, and thus the results of that experiment cannot be used to calculate an Fe(II)–Fe(III) equilibrium fractionation factor.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0012-821X(02)01091-9","usgsCitation":"Bullen, T.D., White, A.F., and Childs, C.W., 2003, Comment on “Isotopic fractionation between Fe(III) and Fe(II) in aqueous solutions” by Clark Johnson et al., [Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 195 (2002) 141–153]: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 206, no. 1-2, p. 229-232, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(02)01091-9.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"229","endPage":"232","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337364,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"206","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c3c946e4b0f37a93ee9b65","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bullen, Thomas D. 0000-0003-2281-1691 tdbullen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2281-1691","contributorId":1969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bullen","given":"Thomas","email":"tdbullen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":682296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"White, Arthur F. afwhite@usgs.gov","contributorId":3718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Arthur","email":"afwhite@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":682297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Childs, Cyril W.","contributorId":188137,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Childs","given":"Cyril","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":682298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70025231,"text":"70025231 - 2003 - Late Paleozoic orogeny in Alaska's Farewell terrane","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-07T21:38:04","indexId":"70025231","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3525,"text":"Tectonophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late Paleozoic orogeny in Alaska's Farewell terrane","docAbstract":"Evidence is presented for a previously unrecognized late Paleozoic orogeny in two parts of Alaska's Farewell terrane, an event that has not entered into published scenarios for the assembly of Alaska. The Farewell terrane was long regarded as a piece of the early Paleozoic passive margin of western Canada, but is now thought, instead, to have lain between the Siberian and Laurentian (North American) cratons during the early Paleozoic. Evidence for a late Paleozoic orogeny comes from two belts located 100-200 km apart. In the northern belt, metamorphic rocks dated at 284-285 Ma (three 40Ar/39Ar white-mica plateau ages) provide the main evidence for orogeny. The metamorphic rocks are interpreted as part of the hinterland of a late Paleozoic mountain belt, which we name the Browns Fork orogen. In the southern belt, thick accumulations of Pennsylvanian-Permian conglomerate and sandstone provide the main evidence for orogeny. These strata are interpreted as the eroded and deformed remnants of a late Paleozoic foreland basin, which we name the Dall Basin. We suggest that the Browns Fork orogen and Dall Basin comprise a matched pair formed during collision between the Farewell terrane and rocks to the west. The colliding object is largely buried beneath Late Cretaceous flysch to the west of the Farewell terrane, but may have included parts of the so-called Innoko terrane. The late Paleozoic convergent plate boundary represented by the Browns Fork orogen likely connected with other zones of plate convergence now located in Russia, elsewhere in Alaska, and in western Canada. Published by Elsevier B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Tectonophysics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0040-1951(03)00238-5","issn":"00401951","usgsCitation":"Bradley, D.C., Dumoulin, J.A., Layer, P., Sunderlin, D., Roeske, S., McClelland, B., Harris, A., Abbott, G., Bundtzen, T., and Kusky, T., 2003, Late Paleozoic orogeny in Alaska's Farewell terrane: Tectonophysics, v. 372, no. 1-2, p. 23-40, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-1951(03)00238-5.","startPage":"23","endPage":"40","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235846,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209421,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0040-1951(03)00238-5"}],"volume":"372","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4501e4b0c8380cd66f63","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bradley, D. 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