{"pageNumber":"2838","pageRowStart":"70925","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184582,"records":[{"id":1015609,"text":"1015609 - 2003 - [Book review] Nebraska birds in recorded history","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-11-02T13:10:28","indexId":"1015609","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3111,"text":"Prairie Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"[Book review] Nebraska birds in recorded history","docAbstract":"Review of: \"Birds of the Untamed West\" by James E. Ducey. 2000. Omaha, Nebraska: Making History Press. 299 pages. $25.00 (paper).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Prairie Naturalist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"South Dakota State University","publisherLocation":"Brookings, SD","usgsCitation":"Knopf, F., 2003, [Book review] Nebraska birds in recorded history: Prairie Naturalist, v. 35, no. 2, p. 129-131.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"129","endPage":"131","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132604,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":15404,"rank":100,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1085&context=usgsstaffpub","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"6307.000000000000000"}],"volume":"35","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4affe4b07f02db697e98","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knopf, F.L.","contributorId":26998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knopf","given":"F.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1015291,"text":"1015291 - 2003 - Beaver (Castor canadensis) in heavily browsed environments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-09T16:09:41.588424","indexId":"1015291","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2634,"text":"Lutra","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Beaver (<i>Castor canadensis</i>) in heavily browsed environments","title":"Beaver (Castor canadensis) in heavily browsed environments","docAbstract":"<p>Beaver (<i>Castor canadensis</i>) populations have declined or failed to recover in heavily browsed environments. I suggest that intense browsing by livestock or ungulates can disrupt beaver-willow (<i>Salix</i> spp.) mutualisms that likely evolved under relatively low herbivory in a more predator-rich environment, and that this interaction may explain beaver and willow declines. Field experiments in Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado, USA, found the interaction of beaver and elk (<i>Cervus elaphus</i>) herbivory suppressed compensatory growth in willow. Intense elk browsing of simulated beaver-cut willow produced plants which were small and hedged with a high percentage of dead stems, whereas protected plants were large and highly branched with a low percentage of dead stems. Evaluation of a winter food cache showed beaver had selected woody stems with a lower percentage of leaders browsed by elk. A lack of willow stems suitable as winter beaver food may cause beaver populations to decline, creating a negative feedback mechanism for beaver and willow. In contrast, if browsing by livestock or ungulates can be controlled, and beaver can disperse from a nearby source population, then beaver may build dams in marginal habitat which will benefit willow and cause a positive riparian response that restores proper function to degraded habitat. In a shrub-steppe riparian ecosystem of northwestern Colorado, USA, rest from overgrazing of livestock released herbaceous vegetation initiating restoration of a beaver-willow community. Thus, competition from livestock or ungulates can cause beaver and willow to decline and can prevent their restoration in heavily browsed riparian environments, but beaver and willow populations can recover under proper grazing management.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Dutch Mammal Society","usgsCitation":"Baker, B.W., 2003, Beaver (Castor canadensis) in heavily browsed environments: Lutra, v. 46, no. 2, p. 173-181.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"173","endPage":"181","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132535,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":350223,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.zoogdiervereniging.nl/meer-weten/publicaties/scientific-journal-lutra"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Rocky Mountain National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": 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,{"id":1015306,"text":"1015306 - 2003 - Soil characteristics and plant exotic species invasions in the Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument, Utah, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-30T18:01:31","indexId":"1015306","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":846,"text":"Applied Soil Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Soil characteristics and plant exotic species invasions in the Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument, Utah, USA","docAbstract":"<p>The Grand Staircase - Escalante National Monument (GSENM) contains a rich diversity of native plant communities. However, many exotic plant species have become established, potentially threatening native plant diversity. We sought to quantify patterns of native and exotic plant species and cryptobiotic crusts (mats of lichens, algae, and mosses on the soil surface), and to examine soil characteristics that may indicate or predict exotic species establishment and success. We established 97 modified-Whittaker vegetation plots in 11 vegetation types over a 29,000&nbsp;ha area in the Monument. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) and multiple linear regressions were used to quantify relationships between soil characteristics and associated native and exotic plant species richness and cover. CCA showed that exotic species richness was significantly (<i>P</i>&lt;0.05) associated with soil P (<i>r</i>=0.84), percentage bare ground (<i>r</i>=0.71), and elevation (<i>r</i>=0.67). Soil characteristics alone were able to predict 41 and 46% of the variation in exotic species richness and cover, respectively. In general, exotic species invasions tend to occur in fertile soils relatively high in C, N and P. These areas are represented by rare mesic high-elevation habitats that are rich in native plant diversity. This suggests that management should focus on the protection of the rare but important vegetation types with fertile soils.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0929-1393(02)00108-7","usgsCitation":"Bashkin, M.A., Stohlgren, T.J., Otsuki, Y., Lee, M., Evangelista, P.H., and Belnap, J., 2003, Soil characteristics and plant exotic species invasions in the Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument, Utah, USA: Applied Soil Ecology, v. 22, no. 1, p. 67-77, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0929-1393(02)00108-7.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"67","endPage":"77","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132949,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699fbd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bashkin, Michael A.","contributorId":93439,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bashkin","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stohlgren, Thomas J. 0000-0001-9696-4450 stohlgrent@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9696-4450","contributorId":2902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stohlgren","given":"Thomas","email":"stohlgrent@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":322832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Otsuki, Yuka","contributorId":23107,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Otsuki","given":"Yuka","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lee, Michelle","contributorId":139628,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Michelle","affiliations":[{"id":461,"text":"Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":322836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Evangelista, Paul H.","contributorId":195492,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Evangelista","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Belnap, Jayne 0000-0001-7471-2279 jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7471-2279","contributorId":1332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belnap","given":"Jayne","email":"jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":322835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70026111,"text":"70026111 - 2003 - Hydric soils in a southeastern Oregon vernal pool","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-22T19:23:06.679639","indexId":"70026111","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3420,"text":"Soil Science Society of America Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydric soils in a southeastern Oregon vernal pool","docAbstract":"<p><span>Vernal pools on the High Lava Plain of the northern Great Basin become ponded in most years, but their soils exhibit weak redoximorphic features indicative of hydric conditions. We studied the hydrology, temperature, redox potentials, soil chemistry, and soil morphology of a vernal pool to determine if the soils are hydric, and to evaluate hydric soil field indicators. We collected data for 3 yr from piezometers, Pt electrodes, and thermocouples. Soil and water samples were analyzed for pH, organic C, and extractable Fe and Mn. Soils were ponded from January through April or May, but subsurface saturation was never detected. Soil temperatures 50 cm below the surface rose above 5°C by March. Clayey Bt horizons perched water and limited saturation to the upper 10 cm. Redox potentials at a 5-cm depth were often between 200 and 300 mV, indicating anaerobic conditions, but producing soluble Fe</span><sup>2+</sup><span>&nbsp;concentrations &lt;1 mg L</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;Extractable soil Fe contents indicated Fe depletion from pool surface horizons and accumulation at or near the upper Bt1 horizon. Depletions and concentrations did not satisfy the criteria of any current hydric soil indicators. We recommend development of new indicators based on acceptance of fewer, less distinct redox concentrations for recognition of a depleted A horizon, and on presence of a thin zone containing redox concentrations located in the upper part of the near-surface perching horizon.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Agronomy","doi":"10.2136/sssaj2003.0951","issn":"03615995","usgsCitation":"Clausnitzer, D., Huddleston, J., Horn, E., Keller, M., and Leet, C., 2003, Hydric soils in a southeastern Oregon vernal pool: Soil Science Society of America Journal, v. 67, no. 3, p. 951-960, https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2003.0951.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"951","endPage":"960","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":388333,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"67","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a330fe4b0c8380cd5ecc2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clausnitzer, D.","contributorId":107160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clausnitzer","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Huddleston, J.H.","contributorId":67781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huddleston","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Horn, E.","contributorId":26940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horn","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Keller, Michael","contributorId":42681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keller","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Leet, C.","contributorId":58909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leet","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70024642,"text":"70024642 - 2003 - Morphological variation in glochidia shells of six species of Elliptio from Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic Coast drainages in the southeastern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:06","indexId":"70024642","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3147,"text":"Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Morphological variation in glochidia shells of six species of Elliptio from Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic Coast drainages in the southeastern United States","docAbstract":"The genus Elliptio, with 36 currently recognized species, is the largest genus in the family Unionidae in North America. The genus is represented by two species, Elliptio crassidens and E. dilatata, in the Interior Basin and 34 species in drainages of the eastern Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic Coast. The paucity and variation of conchological characters in the genus Elliptio makes it extremely difficult to define species and determine relationships. We examined glochidia from six species of Elliptio in an effort to determine if there are useful characteristics for species level identification and/or characters for identification of species groups. Elliptio species were selected to represent different morphological groups from four drainages in the southeastern United States. The glochidia from E. crassidens, E. dariensis, E. hopetonensis, E. icterina, E. shepardiana, and E. mcmichaeli were qualitatively compared, using scanning electron microscopy, with each other and with descriptions of these and other Elliptio glochidia described in the literature. Two groups were identified. The crassidens group, including E. crassidens, E. dariensis, and E. mcmichaeli, had subtriangular glochidia with a triangular styliform hook extending from the ventral margin of the valve and rough exterior valve sculpturing. Adults of this group had wrinkled or corrugated sculpturing on the posterior slope of the shell. The complanata group, including E. hopetonensis, E. icterina, and E. shepardiana, had subelliptical glochidia with a broad flange extending the entire ventral margin and loose-looped exterior valve sculpturing. Adults of this group lack sculpturing on the posterior slope of the shell. Differences in glochidial morphometrics were found, however, additional work is needed to determine if they are reliable for species level identification.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"0006324X","usgsCitation":"O’Brien, C.A., Williams, J., and Hoggarth, M., 2003, Morphological variation in glochidia shells of six species of Elliptio from Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic Coast drainages in the southeastern United States: Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, v. 116, no. 3, p. 719-731.","startPage":"719","endPage":"731","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233166,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"116","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5e45e4b0c8380cd70903","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O’Brien, C. A.","contributorId":35908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Brien","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Williams, J.D.","contributorId":74701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hoggarth, M.A.","contributorId":70565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoggarth","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70026023,"text":"70026023 - 2003 - Mercury methylation in mine wastes collected from abandoned mercury mines in the USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:34","indexId":"70026023","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Mercury methylation in mine wastes collected from abandoned mercury mines in the USA","docAbstract":"Speciation and transformation of Hg was studied in mine wastes collected from abandoned Hg mines at McDermitt, Nevada, and Terlingua, Texas, to evaluate formation of methyl-Hg, which is highly toxic. In these mine wastes, we measured total Hg and methyl-Hg contents, identified various Hg compounds using a pyrolysis technique, and determined rates of Hg methylation and methyl-Hg demethylation using isotopic-tracer methods. Mine wastes contain total Hg contents as high as 14000 ??g/g and methyl-Hg concentrations as high as 88 ng/g. Mine wastes were found to contain variable amounts of cinnabar, metacinnabar, Hg salts, Hg0, and Hg0 and Hg2+ sorbed onto matrix particulates. Samples with Hg0 and matrix-sorbed Hg generally contained significant methyl-Hg contents. Similarly, samples containing Hg0 compounds generally produced significant Hg methylation rates, as much as 26%/day. Samples containing mostly cinnabar showed little or no Hg methylation. Mine wastes with high methyl-Hg contents generally showed low methyl-Hg demethylation, suggesting that Hg methylation was dominant. Methyl-Hg demethylation was by both oxidative and microbial pathways. The correspondence of mine wastes containing Hg0 compounds and measured Hg methylation suggests that Hg0 oxidizes to Hg2+, which is subsequently bioavailable for microbial Hg methylation.","largerWorkTitle":"Journal De Physique. IV : JP","conferenceTitle":"XII International Conference on Heavy Metals in the Environment","conferenceDate":"26 May 2003 through 30 May 2003","conferenceLocation":"Grenoble","language":"English","issn":"11554339","usgsCitation":"Gray, J.E., Hines, M., Biester, H., and Lasorsa, B., 2003, Mercury methylation in mine wastes collected from abandoned mercury mines in the USA, <i>in</i> Journal De Physique. IV : JP, v. 107, no. I, Grenoble, 26 May 2003 through 30 May 2003, p. 573-576.","startPage":"573","endPage":"576","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234952,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"107","issue":"I","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5421e4b0c8380cd6ceba","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Boutron C.Ferrari C.","contributorId":128414,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Boutron C.Ferrari C.","id":536574,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Gray, J. E.","contributorId":49363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hines, M.E.","contributorId":97287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Biester, H.","contributorId":44333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biester","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lasorsa, B.K.","contributorId":42756,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lasorsa","given":"B.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70025889,"text":"70025889 - 2003 - Zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) limit food for larval fish (Pimephales promelas) in turbulent systems: A bioenergetics analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:24","indexId":"70025889","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1919,"text":"Hydrobiologia","onlineIssn":"1573-5117","printIssn":"0018-8158","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) limit food for larval fish (Pimephales promelas) in turbulent systems: A bioenergetics analysis","docAbstract":"We conducted a factorial experiment, in outdoor mesocosms, on the effects of zebra mussels and water column mixing (i.e., turbulence) on the diet, growth, and survival of larval fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas). Significant (P < 0.05) larval mortality occurred by the end of the experiment with the highest mortality (90%) occurring in the presence of both turbulence and zebra mussels, whereas mortality was 37% in treatment with turbulence and 17% and 18% in the zebra mussels treatment, and the control, respectively. The size of individual fish was significantly different among treatments at the end of the experiment and was inversely related to survival. Levels of trophic resources (i.e., phyto and zooplankton) varied among treatments and were treatment specific. Turbulent mixing facilitated removal of phytoplankton by zebra mussels by making the entire water column of the tanks available to these benthic filter feeders. Early in the experiment (Day = 0 to 14) the physical process of turbulent mixing likely caused a reduction in standing stocks of zooplankton. The interactive effect of turbulence and mussels reduced copepod and rotifer stocks, through physical processes and through filtration by zebra mussels, relative to the turbulence treatment. The reductions in the number of total zooplankton in the turbulent mixing mesocosms and the further reduction of rotifer and copepod in the turbulence and mussels treatment coincided with a period of increased reliance of larval fathead minnows on these prey. Estimates of consumption from bioenergetics modeling and measured prey standing stocks indicated caloric resources of suitable prey in turbulence treatments during the early weeks of the experiment were insufficient to prevent starvation. Early mortality in the turbulence and mussels treatment likely released surviving fish from intense intraspecific competition and resulted in higher individual growth rates. A combination of high abundance of zebra mussels in an environment with a well-mixed water column can have significant effects on larval fish survival and growth.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrobiologia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1023/A:1025467624273","issn":"00188158","usgsCitation":"Bartsch, L., Richardson, W.B., and Sandheinrich, M., 2003, Zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) limit food for larval fish (Pimephales promelas) in turbulent systems: A bioenergetics analysis: Hydrobiologia, v. 495, p. 59-72, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1025467624273.","startPage":"59","endPage":"72","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208656,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1025467624273"},{"id":234542,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"495","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bd25be4b08c986b32f784","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bartsch, L.A.","contributorId":7675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartsch","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Richardson, W. B.","contributorId":16363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richardson","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sandheinrich, M.B.","contributorId":76263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sandheinrich","given":"M.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":85890,"text":"85890 - 2003 - Monitoring in the nearshore: A process for making reasoned decisions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-28T15:44:06","indexId":"85890","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Monitoring in the nearshore: A process for making reasoned decisions","docAbstract":"Over the past several years, a conceptual framework for the GEM nearshore monitoring program has been developed through a series of workshops. However, details of the proposed monitoring program, e.g. what to sample, where to sample, when to sample and at how many sites, have yet to be determined. In FY 03 we were funded under Project 03687 to outline a process whereby specific alternatives to monitoring are developed and presented to the EVOS Trustee Council for consideration. As part of this process, two key elements are required before reasoned decisions can be made. These are: 1) a comprehensive historical perspective of locations and types of past studies conducted in the nearshore marine communities within Gulf of Alaska, and 2) estimates of costs for each element of a proposed monitoring program. We have developed a GIS database that details available information from past studies of selected nearshore habitats and\r\nspecies in the Gulf of Alaska and provide a visual means of selecting sites based (in part) on the locations for which historical data of interest are available. We also provide cost estimates for specific monitoring plan alternatives and outline several alternative plans that can be accomplished within reasonable budgetary constraints. The products that we will provide are: 1) A GIS database and maps showing the location and types of information available from the nearshore in the Gulf of Alaska; 2) A list of several specific monitoring alternatives that can be conducted within reasonable\r\nbudgetary constraints; and 3) Cost estimates for proposed tasks to be conducted as part of the nearshore program. Because data compilation and management will not be completed until late in FY03 we are requesting support for close-out of this project in FY 04.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"EVOS Restoration Project 030687 Final Report","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"language":"English","collaboration":"EVOS Restoration Project 030687 Final Report","usgsCitation":"Bodkin, J.L., and Dean, T., 2003, Monitoring in the nearshore: A process for making reasoned decisions.","costCenters":[{"id":106,"text":"Alaska Biological Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":127875,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ae4b07f02db624f73","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bodkin, James L. 0000-0003-1641-4438 jbodkin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1641-4438","contributorId":748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bodkin","given":"James","email":"jbodkin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":296666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dean, T.A.","contributorId":67036,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dean","given":"T.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":85893,"text":"85893 - 2003 - Patterns and processes of population change in selected nearshore vertebrate predators","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-13T11:59:52","indexId":"85893","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Patterns and processes of population change in selected nearshore vertebrate predators","docAbstract":"Sea otters and harlequin ducks have not fully recovered from the oil spill. This project will explore links between oil exposure and the lack of population recovery, with the intent of understanding constraints to recovery of these species and the nearshore environment. In FY 02, sea otter work will include aerial surveys of distribution and abundance and estimates of age-specific survival rates. Harlequin duck field studies will examine the relationship between survival and CYP1A. Captive experiments on harlequin ducks will examine the relationships between oil exposure and CYP1A induction, and metabolic and behavioral consequences of exposure.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"EVOS Restoration Project 423 Final Report","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"language":"English","collaboration":"EVOS Restoration Project 423 Final Report","usgsCitation":"Bodkin, J.L., Ballachey, B.E., Dean, T., and Esler, D., 2003, Patterns and processes of population change in selected nearshore vertebrate predators.","costCenters":[{"id":106,"text":"Alaska Biological Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128317,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae2e4b07f02db688b56","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bodkin, James L. 0000-0003-1641-4438 jbodkin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1641-4438","contributorId":748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bodkin","given":"James","email":"jbodkin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":296669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ballachey, Brenda E. 0000-0003-1855-9171 bballachey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1855-9171","contributorId":2966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ballachey","given":"Brenda","email":"bballachey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":296670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dean, T.A.","contributorId":67036,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dean","given":"T.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Esler, Daniel 0000-0001-5501-4555 desler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5501-4555","contributorId":5465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esler","given":"Daniel","email":"desler@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":12437,"text":"Simon Fraser University, Centre for Wildlife Ecology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":296668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70026024,"text":"70026024 - 2003 - Number and size of last-glacial Missoula floods in the Columbia River valley between the Pasco Basin, Washington, and Portland, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-04T11:23:24","indexId":"70026024","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Number and size of last-glacial Missoula floods in the Columbia River valley between the Pasco Basin, Washington, and Portland, Oregon","docAbstract":"<p>Field evidence and radiocarbon age dating, combined with hydraulic flow modeling, provide new information on the magnitude, frequency, and chronology of late Pleistocene Missoula floods in the Columbia River valley between the Pasco Basin, Washington, and Portland, Oregon. More than 25 floods had discharges of &gt; 1.0 x&nbsp;10<sup>6</sup> m<sup>3</sup>/s. At least 15 floods had discharges of &gt;3.0 x&nbsp;10<sup>6</sup> m<sup>3</sup>/s. At least six or seven had peak discharges of &gt;6.5 x&nbsp;106 m<sup>3</sup>/s, and at least one flood had a peak discharge of &gt;10 x 106 m<sup>3</sup>/s, a value consistent with earlier results from near Wallula Gap, but better defined because of the strong hydraulic controls imposed by critical flow at constrictions near Crown and Mitchell Points in the Columbia River Gorge. Stratigraphy and geomorphic position, combined with 25 radiocarbon ages and the widespread occurrence of the ca. 13 ka (radiocarbon years) Mount St. Helens set-S tephra, show that most if not all the Missoula flood deposits exposed in the study area were emplaced after 19 ka (radiocarbon years), and many were emplaced after 15 ka. More than 13 floods perhaps postdate ca. 13 ka, including at least two with discharges of &gt;6 x 10<sup>6</sup> m<sup>3</sup>/s. From discharge and stratigraphic relationships upstream, we hypothesize that the largest flood in the study reach resulted from a Missoula flood that predated blockage of the Columbia River valley by the Cordilleran ice sheet. Multiple later floods, probably including the majority of floods recorded by fine- and coarse-grained deposits in the study area, resulted from multiple releases of glacial Lake Missoula that spilled into a blocked and inundated Columbia River valley upstream of the Okanogan lobe and were shunted south across the Channeled Scabland.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(2003)115<0624:NASOLM>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00167606","usgsCitation":"Benito, G., and O’Connor, J.E., 2003, Number and size of last-glacial Missoula floods in the Columbia River valley between the Pasco Basin, Washington, and Portland, Oregon: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 115, no. 5, p. 624-638, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(2003)115<0624:NASOLM>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"624","endPage":"638","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234986,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208899,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(2003)115<0624:NASOLM>2.0.CO;2"}],"volume":"115","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a68dae4b0c8380cd73a2a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Benito, G.","contributorId":99840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benito","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O’Connor, J. E.","contributorId":59489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Connor","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70026025,"text":"70026025 - 2003 - Characterization and copper binding of humic and nonhumic organic matter isolated from the South Platte River: Evidence for the presence of nitrogenous binding site","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-19T07:31:15","indexId":"70026025","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characterization and copper binding of humic and nonhumic organic matter isolated from the South Platte River: Evidence for the presence of nitrogenous binding site","docAbstract":"<div class=\"hlFld-Abstract\"><div id=\"abstractBox\"><p class=\"articleBody_abstractText\">Humic substances typically constitute 40−60% of the dissolved organic matter (DOM) in surface waters. However, little information is available regarding the metal binding properties of the nonhumic hydrophilic portion of the DOM. In this study, humic and nonhumic DOM samples were isolated from the South Platte River (Colorado, DOC = 2.6 mg·L<sup>-</sup><sup>1</sup>, SUVA<sub>254</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>= 2.4 L/mg·m) using a two-column array of XAD-8 and XAD-4 resins. The three major isolated fractions of DOM, which accounted for 57% of the bulk DOM, were characterized using a variety of analytical tools. Proton and copper binding properties were studied for each fraction. The main objective of this work was to compare the structural and chemical characteristics of the isolated fractions and test models describing DOM reactivity toward metal ions. The characterization work showed significant structural differences between the three isolated fractions of DOM. The hydrophobic acid fraction (i.e., humic substances isolated from the XAD-8 resin) gave the largest C/H, C/O, and C/N ratios and aromatic carbon content among the three isolated fractions. The transphilic acid (TPHA) fraction (“transphilic” meaning fraction of intermediate polarity isolated from the XAD-4 resin) was found to incorporate the highest proportion of polysaccharides, whereas the transphilic neutral (TPHN) fraction was almost entirely proteinaceous. The gradual increase of the charge with pH for the three DOM fractions is most likely caused by a large distribution of proton affinity constants for the carboxylic groups, as well as a second type of group more generally considered to be phenolic. In the case of the DOM fraction enriched in proteinaceous material (i.e., TPHN fraction), the results showed that the amino groups are responsible for the charge reversal. For low copper concentrations, nitrogen-containing functional groups similar to those of amino acids are likely to be involved in complexation, in agreement with previously published data.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es020676p","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Croue, J., Benedetti, M., Violleau, D., and Leenheer, J., 2003, Characterization and copper binding of humic and nonhumic organic matter isolated from the South Platte River: Evidence for the presence of nitrogenous binding site: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 37, no. 2, p. 328-336, https://doi.org/10.1021/es020676p.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"328","endPage":"336","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234987,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208900,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es020676p"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"South Platte River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -105.5,\n              38\n            ],\n            [\n              -102,\n              38\n            ],\n            [\n              -102,\n              41\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.5,\n              41\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.5,\n              38\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"37","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-12-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f4abe4b0c8380cd4be4e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Croue, J.-P.","contributorId":32326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Croue","given":"J.-P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Benedetti, M.F.","contributorId":63590,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benedetti","given":"M.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Violleau, D.","contributorId":71738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Violleau","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Leenheer, J.A.","contributorId":75123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leenheer","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70026022,"text":"70026022 - 2003 - Age of the Mono Lake excursion and associated tephra","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:34","indexId":"70026022","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3219,"text":"Quaternary Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Age of the Mono Lake excursion and associated tephra","docAbstract":"The Mono Lake excursion (MLE) is an important time marker that has been found in lake and marine sediments across much of the Northern Hemisphere. Dating of this event at its type locality, the Mono Basin of California, has yielded controversial results with the most recent effort concluding that the MLE may actually be the Laschamp excursion (Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 197 (2002) 151). We show that a volcanic tephra (Ash #15) that occurs near the midpoint of the MLE has a date (not corrected for reservoir effect) of 28,620 ?? 300 14C yr BP (??? 32,400 GISP2 yr BP) in the Pyramid Lake Basin of Nevada. Given the location of Ash #15 and the duration of the MLE in the Mono Basin, the event occurred between 31,500 and 33,300 GISP2 yr BP, an age range consistent with the position and age of the uppermost of two paleointensity minima in the NAPIS-75 stack that has been associated with the MLE (Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London Ser. A 358 (2000) 1009). The lower paleointensity minimum in the NAPIS-75 stack is considered to be the Laschamp excursion (Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London Ser. A 358 (2000) 1009).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Science Reviews","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0277-3791(02)00249-4","issn":"02773791","usgsCitation":"Benson, L., Liddicoat, J., Smoot, J., Sarna-Wojcicki, A., Negrini, R., and Lund, S., 2003, Age of the Mono Lake excursion and associated tephra: Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 22, no. 2-4, p. 135-140, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-3791(02)00249-4.","startPage":"135","endPage":"140","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208879,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0277-3791(02)00249-4"},{"id":234951,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"2-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e8f1e4b0c8380cd47fc3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Benson, L.","contributorId":56793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benson","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Liddicoat, J.","contributorId":89321,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liddicoat","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smoot, J.","contributorId":21726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smoot","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sarna-Wojcicki, A. 0000-0002-0244-9149","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0244-9149","contributorId":38750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sarna-Wojcicki","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Negrini, R.","contributorId":26390,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Negrini","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lund, S.","contributorId":84933,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lund","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70026132,"text":"70026132 - 2003 - Ontogenetic behavior and migration of Dabry's sturgeon, Acipenser dabryanus, from the Yangtze River, with notes on body color and development rate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:35","indexId":"70026132","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1528,"text":"Environmental Biology of Fishes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ontogenetic behavior and migration of Dabry's sturgeon, Acipenser dabryanus, from the Yangtze River, with notes on body color and development rate","docAbstract":"We conducted laboratory experiments with Dabry's sturgeon, Acipenser dabryanus, from the upper Yangtze River to develop a conceptual model of early behavior. We daily observed fish from day-0 (embryo, first life interval after hatching) to day-30 feeding larva for preference of bright habitat and cover, swimming distance above the bottom, up- and down-stream movement, and diel activity. Hatchling to day-12 embryos and days 13-24 larvae were similar for ontogenetic behavior, i.e., neither initiated a dispersal migration, both swam within 15 cm of the bottom, both preferred bright habitat, and neither strongly preferred cover or open habitat. Embryos and larvae were weakly active day and night. Days 72-76 juveniles had a weak nocturnal downstream migration, indicating wild juveniles disperse from a spawning site. In other sturgeon species yet studied representing three genera on three continents, Dabry's sturgeon is the first that does not disperse as an embryo or larva. Development of Dabry's sturgeon is slow, requiring more cumulative temperature degree days per millimeter of larvae TL than is required for other sturgeons to develop into larvae. Thus, a dispersal migration that diverts energy from development may not be adaptive. The available information suggests the initial dispersal of early life intervals is likely done by females, which spawn in a dispersed spawning style, not the usual aggregated spawning style. Juvenile migrants had a black body and tail with a light line along the lateral scutes. The color of juvenile migrants shows that a dark body and tail is characteristic of Acipenser that migrate downstream as larvae or juveniles.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Biology of Fishes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1023/A:1023238117045","issn":"03781909","usgsCitation":"Kynard, B., Zhuang, P., Zhang, T., and Zhang, L., 2003, Ontogenetic behavior and migration of Dabry's sturgeon, Acipenser dabryanus, from the Yangtze River, with notes on body color and development rate: Environmental Biology of Fishes, v. 66, no. 1, p. 27-36, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1023238117045.","startPage":"27","endPage":"36","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234993,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208902,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1023238117045"}],"volume":"66","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6e50e4b0c8380cd755b2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kynard, B.","contributorId":51232,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kynard","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zhuang, P.","contributorId":49892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhuang","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zhang, T.","contributorId":61536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zhang, L.","contributorId":41543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70026026,"text":"70026026 - 2003 - Environmental water-quality zones for streams: A regional classification scheme","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-06T12:20:44","indexId":"70026026","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1547,"text":"Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Environmental water-quality zones for streams: A regional classification scheme","docAbstract":"Various approaches have been used to classify large geographical areas into smaller regions of similar water quality or extrapolate water-quality data from a few streams to other unmonitored streams. A combination of some of the strengths of existing techniques is used to develop a new approach for these purposes. In this new approach, referred to here as SPARTA (SPAtial Regression-Tree Analysis), environmental characteristics for each monitored stream are first quantified using a Geographic Information System (GIS) and then regression-tree analysis is used to determine which characteristics are most statistically important in describing the distribution of a specific water-quality constituent. GIS coverages of only the most statistically significant environmental characteristics are then used to subdivide the area of interest into relatively homogeneous environmental water-quality zones. Results from the regression-tree analysis not only define the most important environmental characteristics, but also describe how to subdivide the coverage of the specific characteristic (for example, areas with <26% or ???26% soil clay content). The resulting regionalization scheme is customized for each water-quality constituent based on the environmental characteristics most statistically related to that constituent. SPARTA was used to delineate areas of similar phosphorus, nitrogen, and sediment concentrations (by including land-use characteristics) and areas of similar potential water quality (by excluding land-use characteristics). The SPARTA approach reduced the variability in water-quality concentrations (phosphorus, total nitrogen, Kjeldahl nitrogen, and suspended sediment) within similarly classified zones from that obtained using the US Environmental Protection Agency's nutrient ecoregions.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00267-002-2955-5","issn":"0364152X","usgsCitation":"Robertson, D.M., and Saad, D.A., 2003, Environmental water-quality zones for streams: A regional classification scheme: Environmental Management, v. 31, no. 5, p. 581-602, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-002-2955-5.","startPage":"581","endPage":"602","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235021,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208920,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-002-2955-5"}],"volume":"31","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a09ece4b0c8380cd52101","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robertson, Dale M. 0000-0001-6799-0596 dzrobert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6799-0596","contributorId":150760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robertson","given":"Dale","email":"dzrobert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":407561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Saad, D. A.","contributorId":85212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saad","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70026027,"text":"70026027 - 2003 - Seasonal movement of the Slumgullion landslide determined from global positioning system surveys and field instrumentation, July 1998-March 2002","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:34","indexId":"70026027","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1517,"text":"Engineering Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seasonal movement of the Slumgullion landslide determined from global positioning system surveys and field instrumentation, July 1998-March 2002","docAbstract":"Measurements of landslide movement made by global positioning system surveys and extensometers over a 3.5-year period show that the Slumgullion landslide in the San Juan Mountains of southwest Colorado moved throughout the monitoring period, but that daily velocities varied on a seasonal basis. Landslide velocities peaked in the early spring and summer in response to snowmelt and summer thunderstorms, respectively. Velocities were slowest in mid-winter when air and soil temperatures were coldest and precipitation was generally low and/or in the form of snow with a low water content. We hypothesize that the seasonal variability in velocities is due to ground-water levels and corresponding pore pressures that decrease when surface water is unavailable or cannot infiltrate frozen landslide material, and increase when surface water from melting snow or rainfall infiltrates unfrozen landslide material. We also suggest that patches of bouldery debris and fractures (created by continuous movement of the landslide) are conduits through which surface water can infiltrate, regardless of the frozen or unfrozen state of the landslide matrix material. Therefore, the availability of surface water is more important than landslide temperature in controlling the rate of landslide movement. This hypothesis is supported by field instrumentation data that show (1) landslide velocities coinciding with precipitation amounts regardless of the depth of freezing of landslide material, (2) spring and annual landslide velocities that were greatest when the depth of freezing was also the greatest, and (3) a rapid (several weeks or less) velocity and pore pressure response to rainfall. The persistent, but seasonally variable movement of the landslide, fits the bathtub model for landslide movement described by Baum and Reid [Baum, R.L., Reid, M.E., 2000. Ground water isolation by low-permeability clays in landslide shear zones. In: Bromhead, E.N., Dixon, N., Ibsen, M.-L. (Eds.), Landslides in Research, Theory and Practice. Proc. 8th Int. Symp. on Landslides, Cardiff, Wales, vol. 1, 139-144]. In their model, the landslide is isolated both mechanically and hydrologically from adjacent materials by low permeability clays. These clays cause the landslide to retain water. Our data support this model by suggesting that pore pressures at the basal landslide surface are always adequate to maintain landslide movement and that any infiltration of water at the surface of the landslide is adequate to rapidly increase landslide velocity. ?? 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Engineering Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0013-7952(02)00199-0","issn":"00137952","usgsCitation":"Coe, J.A., Ellis, W., Godt, J., Savage, W.Z., Savage, J.E., Michael, J.A., Kibler, J., Powers, P.S., Lidke, D., and Debray, S., 2003, Seasonal movement of the Slumgullion landslide determined from global positioning system surveys and field instrumentation, July 1998-March 2002: Engineering Geology, v. 68, no. 1-2, p. 67-101, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0013-7952(02)00199-0.","startPage":"67","endPage":"101","numberOfPages":"35","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208921,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0013-7952(02)00199-0"},{"id":235022,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"68","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b88bee4b08c986b316b40","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coe, J. A.","contributorId":8867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coe","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ellis, W. L.","contributorId":40210,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellis","given":"W. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Godt, J. W.","contributorId":76732,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Godt","given":"J. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Savage, W. Z.","contributorId":106481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savage","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Savage, J. E.","contributorId":37365,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savage","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Michael, J. A.","contributorId":48567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michael","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kibler, J.D.","contributorId":68311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kibler","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Powers, P. S.","contributorId":37754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powers","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Lidke, D. J.","contributorId":10857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lidke","given":"D. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Debray, S.","contributorId":77590,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Debray","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70026028,"text":"70026028 - 2003 - Changes in homologous and heterologous gap junction contacts during maturation-inducing hormone-dependent meiotic resumption in ovarian follicles of Atlantic croaker","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:33","indexId":"70026028","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1738,"text":"General and Comparative Endocrinology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Changes in homologous and heterologous gap junction contacts during maturation-inducing hormone-dependent meiotic resumption in ovarian follicles of Atlantic croaker","docAbstract":"Homologous (granulosa cell-granulosa cell) gap junction (GJ) contacts increase in ovarian follicles of Atlantic croaker (Micropogonias undulatus) during the early (first) stage of maturation, but their profile during the second stage [i.e., during maturation-inducing hormone (MIH)-mediated meiotic resumption] is unknown. The profile of homologous GJ contacts during the second stage of maturation in croaker follicles was examined in this study and compared to that of heterologous (granulosa cell-oocyte) GJ, for which changes have been previously documented. Follicles were incubated with human chorionic gonadotropin to induce maturational competence (first stage), and then with MIH to induce meiotic resumption. The follicles were collected for examination immediately before and after different durations of MIH exposure until the oocyte had reached the stage of germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD; index of meiotic resumption). Ultrathin sections were observed by transmission electron microscopy, and homologous and heterologous GJ contacts were quantified along a 100-??m segment of granulosa cell-zona radiata complex per follicle (three follicles/time/fish, n=3 fish). Relatively high numbers of both types of GJ were observed before and after the first few hours of MIH exposure (up to the stage of oil droplet coalescence). GJ numbers declined during partial yolk globule coalescence (at or near GVBD) and were just under 50% of starting values after the completion of GVBD (P<0.05). These results confirm earlier observations that GVBD temporally correlates with declining heterologous GJ contacts, and for the first time in teleosts show that there is a parallel decline in homologous GJ. The significance of the changes in homologous and heterologous GJ is uncertain and deserves further study. ?? 2003 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"General and Comparative Endocrinology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0016-6480(03)00015-7","issn":"00166480","usgsCitation":"Bolamba, D., Patino, R., Yoshizaki, G., and Thomas, P., 2003, Changes in homologous and heterologous gap junction contacts during maturation-inducing hormone-dependent meiotic resumption in ovarian follicles of Atlantic croaker: General and Comparative Endocrinology, v. 131, no. 3, p. 291-295, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-6480(03)00015-7.","startPage":"291","endPage":"295","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208937,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0016-6480(03)00015-7"},{"id":235057,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"131","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f418e4b0c8380cd4bb30","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bolamba, D.","contributorId":104670,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bolamba","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Patino, R.","contributorId":39915,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patino","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Yoshizaki, G.","contributorId":74488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yoshizaki","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thomas, P.","contributorId":59185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70026070,"text":"70026070 - 2003 - Tree-ring dated landslide movements and their relationship to seismic events in southwestern Montana, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-06T08:42:20","indexId":"70026070","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3218,"text":"Quaternary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tree-ring dated landslide movements and their relationship to seismic events in southwestern Montana, USA","docAbstract":"<p>To determine periods of incremental landslide movement and their possible relationship to regional seismic events, the tree-ring records of 32 titled and damaged conifers at three sites on landslides in the Gravelly Range of southwestern Montana were examined. Several signs of disturbance in the tree-ring record indicating landslide movement were observed. Commonly, the tree-ring record displayed a marked reduction in annual ring width and/or the reaction wood formation. The tree-ring records from the three landslide sites indicate multiple periods of movement during the 20th century. Many of the periods of movement indicated by the strongest signals (most trees) at the sites occurred the year following significant earthquakes in the region. Those seismic events for which evidence in the tree-ring record was found at one or more of the three sites are the 1983 Borah Peak, 1959 Hebgen Lake, 1935 Helena, 1925 Clarkson, and 1908 Virginia City earthquakes. This study suggests that many of the landslide movements were triggered by, or are coincident with, earthquakes as much as 200 km from the study area.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","doi":"10.1016/S0033-5894(02)00010-8","issn":"00335894","usgsCitation":"Carrara, P.E., and O’Neill, J., 2003, Tree-ring dated landslide movements and their relationship to seismic events in southwestern Montana, USA: Quaternary Research, v. 59, no. 1, p. 25-35, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0033-5894(02)00010-8.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"25","endPage":"35","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234586,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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,{"id":70024626,"text":"70024626 - 2003 - Mars Exploration Rover Athena Panoramic Camera (Pancam) investigation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-28T15:50:13","indexId":"70024626","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2317,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mars Exploration Rover Athena Panoramic Camera (Pancam) investigation","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Panoramic Camera (Pancam) investigation is part of the Athena science payload launched to Mars in 2003 on NASA's twin Mars Exploration Rover (MER) missions. The scientific goals of the Pancam investigation are to assess the high‐resolution morphology, topography, and geologic context of each MER landing site, to obtain color images to constrain the mineralogic, photometric, and physical properties of surface materials, and to determine dust and aerosol opacity and physical properties from direct imaging of the Sun and sky. Pancam also provides mission support measurements for the rovers, including Sun‐finding for rover navigation, hazard identification and digital terrain modeling to help guide long‐term rover traverse decisions, high‐resolution imaging to help guide the selection of in situ sampling targets, and acquisition of education and public outreach products. The Pancam optical, mechanical, and electronics design were optimized to achieve these science and mission support goals. Pancam is a multispectral, stereoscopic, panoramic imaging system consisting of two digital cameras mounted on a mast 1.5 m above the Martian surface. The mast allows Pancam to image the full 360° in azimuth and ±90° in elevation. Each Pancam camera utilizes a 1024 × 1024 active imaging area frame transfer CCD detector array. The Pancam optics have an effective focal length of 43 mm and a focal ratio of&nbsp;</span><i>f</i><span>/20, yielding an instantaneous field of view of 0.27 mrad/pixel and a field of view of 16° × 16°. Each rover's two Pancam “eyes” are separated by 30 cm and have a 1° toe‐in to provide adequate stereo parallax. Each eye also includes a small eight position filter wheel to allow surface mineralogic studies, multispectral sky imaging, and direct Sun imaging in the 400–1100 nm wavelength region. Pancam was designed and calibrated to operate within specifications on Mars at temperatures from −55° to +5°C. An onboard calibration target and fiducial marks provide the capability to validate the radiometric and geometric calibration on Mars.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/2003JE002070","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Bell, J., Squyres, S.W., Herkenhoff, K.E., Maki, J., Arneson, H., Brown, D., Collins, S., Dingizian, A., Elliot, S., Hagerott, E., Hayes, A., Johnson, M.J., Johnson, J.R., Joseph, J., Kinch, K., Lemmon, M., Morris, R., Scherr, L., Schwochert, M., Shepard, M., Smith, G., Sohl-Dickstein, J.N., Sullivan, R., Sullivan, W., and Wadsworth, M., 2003, Mars Exploration Rover Athena Panoramic Camera (Pancam) investigation: Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets, v. 108, no. E12, 30 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JE002070.","productDescription":"30 p.","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232882,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","volume":"108","issue":"E12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-11-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5209e4b0c8380cd6c0f6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bell, J.F. III","contributorId":97612,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bell","given":"J.F.","suffix":"III","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Squyres, S. 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,{"id":85774,"text":"85774 - 2003 - Turquoise water, silver palms and fluorescent green Leiocephalus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:01","indexId":"85774","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Turquoise water, silver palms and fluorescent green Leiocephalus","docAbstract":"Abstract not supplied at this time","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Contributions to Herpetology No. 20. Islands and the Sea: Essays on Herpetological Exploration in the West Indies. Soc. Study Amphibians and Reptiles","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Dodd, C., 2003, Turquoise water, silver palms and fluorescent green Leiocephalus, chap. <i>of</i> Contributions to Herpetology No. 20. Islands and the Sea: Essays on Herpetological Exploration in the West Indies. Soc. Study Amphibians and Reptiles, p. 29-38.","productDescription":"p. 29-38","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":127923,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a49e4b07f02db623ecd","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Henderson, R.W.","contributorId":114120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henderson","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504805,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Powell, R.","contributorId":15855,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504804,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Dodd, C.K. Jr.","contributorId":86286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dodd","given":"C.K.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":85773,"text":"85773 - 2003 - Conservation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:01","indexId":"85773","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Conservation","docAbstract":"Abstract not supplied at this time","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia. Vol. 7: Reptiles.","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Gale Group","publisherLocation":"Farmington Hills, MI","usgsCitation":"Dodd, C., 2003, Conservation, chap. <i>of</i> Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia. Vol. 7: Reptiles., v. 7, p. 59-63.","productDescription":"p. 59-63","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":127922,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","edition":"2nd Edition","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b13e4b07f02db6a31a3","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Hutchins, M.","contributorId":112499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hutchins","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504802,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Murphy, J.B.","contributorId":111493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murphy","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504801,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schlager, N.","contributorId":113346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schlager","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504803,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Dodd, C.K. Jr.","contributorId":86286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dodd","given":"C.K.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70026072,"text":"70026072 - 2003 - Speciation and characterization of arsenic in Ketza River mine tailings using x-ray absorption spectroscopy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:21","indexId":"70026072","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Speciation and characterization of arsenic in Ketza River mine tailings using x-ray absorption spectroscopy","docAbstract":"Ketza River mine tailings deposited underwater and those exposed near the tailings impoundment contain approximately 4 wt % As. Column-leaching tests indicated the potential for high As releases from the tailings. The tailings are composed dominantly of iron oxyhydroxides, quartz, calcite, dolomite, muscovite, ferric arsenates, and calcium-iron arsenates. Arsenopyrite and pyrite are trace constituents. Chemical compositions of iron oxyhydroxide and arsenate minerals are highly variable. The XANES spectra indicate that arsenic occurs as As(V) in tailings, but air-drying prior to analysis may have oxidized lower-valent As. The EXAFS spectra indicate As-Fe distances of 3.35-3.36 A?? for the exposed tailings and 3.33-3.35 A?? for the saturated tailings with coordination numbers of 0.96-1.11 and 0.46-0.64, respectively. The As-Ca interatomic distances ranging from 4.15 to 4.18 A?? and the coordination numbers of 4.12-4.58 confirm the presence of calcium-iron arsenates in the tailings. These results suggest that ferric arsenates and inner-sphere corner sharing or bidentatebinuclear attachment of arsenate tetrahedra onto iron hydroxide octahedra are the dominant form of As in the tailings. EXAFS spectra indicate that the exposed tailings are richer in arsenate minerals whereas the saturated tailings are dominated by the iron oxyhydroxides, which could help explain the greater release of As from the exposed tailings during leaching tests. It is postulated that the dissolution of ferric arsenates during flow-through experiments caused the high As releases from both types of tailings. Arsenic tied to iron oxyhydroxides as adsorbed species are considered stable; however, iron oxyhydroxides having low Fe/As molar ratios may not be as stable. Continued As releases from the tailings are likely due to dissolution of both ferric and calcium-iron arsenates and desorption of As from high-As bearing iron oxyhydroxides during aging.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Science and Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1021/es026185m","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Paktunc, D., Foster, A., and Laflamme, G., 2003, Speciation and characterization of arsenic in Ketza River mine tailings using x-ray absorption spectroscopy: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 37, no. 10, p. 2067-2074, https://doi.org/10.1021/es026185m.","startPage":"2067","endPage":"2074","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208680,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es026185m"},{"id":234588,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-04-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b94e5e4b08c986b31aca6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paktunc, D.","contributorId":77337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paktunc","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Foster, A.","contributorId":46977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foster","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Laflamme, G.","contributorId":72987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laflamme","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70026074,"text":"70026074 - 2003 - Genetic variation in the midcontinental population of sandhill cranes, Grus canadensis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-04T13:00:42","indexId":"70026074","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":998,"text":"Biochemical Genetics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Genetic variation in the midcontinental population of sandhill cranes, Grus canadensis","docAbstract":"Three subspecies of sandhill crane (Grus canadensis) are recognized in the Midcontinental population, the lesser (Grus c. canadensis), Canadian (G. c. rowani), and greater (G. c. tabida). Blood samples collected on the population's primary spring staging area in Nebraska, U.S.A., were used to resolve the genetic relationship among these subspecies. Phylogenetic analysis of 27 G. canadensis, by DNA sequencing of a 675 bp region of the mtDNA, supports the subspecies designations of G. c. canadensis and G. c. tabida. G. c. rowani individuals were intermediate with each of the other two subspecies. Genetic divergence ranged from 6.5 to 14.5% between G. c. canadensis and G. c. tabida, 0.5 to 6.6% within G. c. canadensis, and 0.1 to 6.0% within G. c. tabida. Sufficient DNA for analysis was obtained from shed feathers indicating a source of genetic material that does not require the capture or sacrifice of the birds. Other genetic markers and methods, including satellite telemetry, are required for obtaining detailed information on crane distributions as needed to establish effective management units for the MCP.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biochemical Genetics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1023/A:1020985427461","issn":"00062928","usgsCitation":"Petersen, J.L., Bischof, R., Krapu, G., and Szalanski, A., 2003, Genetic variation in the midcontinental population of sandhill cranes, Grus canadensis: Biochemical Genetics, v. 41, no. 1-2, p. 1-12, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1020985427461.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"12","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234621,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208697,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1020985427461"}],"volume":"41","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a158ee4b0c8380cd54e85","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Petersen, Jessica L.","contributorId":7222,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petersen","given":"Jessica","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bischof, R.","contributorId":84691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bischof","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Krapu, Gary L.","contributorId":56994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krapu","given":"Gary L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Szalanski, A.L.","contributorId":77869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Szalanski","given":"A.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70026075,"text":"70026075 - 2003 - Effects of water temperature and substrate type on spore production and release in eastern Tubifex tubifex worms infected with Myxobolus cerebralis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:20","indexId":"70026075","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2414,"text":"Journal of Parasitology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of water temperature and substrate type on spore production and release in eastern Tubifex tubifex worms infected with Myxobolus cerebralis","docAbstract":"Eastern Tubifex tubifex worms were exposed to Myxobolus cerebralis spores at 9, 13, 17, and 20 C in 1-L jars that contained sand, mud, or leaf litter as substrata. Beginning 60 days after exposure, water from each jar was filtered daily and examined for the presence of waterborne triactinomyxon spores (TAMs). On discovering a single TAM from an experimental jar, 48 T. tubifex worms from that jar were placed individually into 24-well plates. Spores released from individual infected T. tubifex worms were quantified to determine the first day of TAM release from infected worms, the infection rate, the total number of TAMs released per worm, and the duration of release. No TAMs were found in any of the jars incubated at 20 C or in uninfected, control worms at any temperature. The total number of TAMs released by infected worms in mud and sand was highest at 13 C compared with other temperatures. Infection rates among individual worms increased with temperature between 9 and 17 C. Higher temperatures (up to 17 C) induced earlier TAM releases among infected worms, and substratum did not influence this production parameter. The average duration of TAM release decreased as the temperature increased from 9 to 17 C, and there was a significant effect of substratum in the groups maintained at 13 and 17 C. In all temperature treatments between 9 and 17 C, the duration of release was least in the worms maintained in leaf litter, as was the total number of TAMs released during the experimental period and the median number of TAMs per production day.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Parasitology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1645/0022-3395(2003)089[0021:EOWTAS]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00223395","usgsCitation":"Blazer, V., Waldrop, T., Schill, W.B., Densmore, C.L., and Smith, D., 2003, Effects of water temperature and substrate type on spore production and release in eastern Tubifex tubifex worms infected with Myxobolus cerebralis: Journal of Parasitology, v. 89, no. 1, p. 21-26, https://doi.org/10.1645/0022-3395(2003)089[0021:EOWTAS]2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"21","endPage":"26","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208711,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1645/0022-3395(2003)089[0021:EOWTAS]2.0.CO;2"},{"id":234658,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"89","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0838e4b0c8380cd51a1d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blazer, V. S. 0000-0001-6647-9614","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6647-9614","contributorId":56991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blazer","given":"V. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Waldrop, T.B.","contributorId":82262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waldrop","given":"T.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schill, W. B.","contributorId":60146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schill","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Densmore, Christine L.","contributorId":18316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Densmore","given":"Christine","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Smith, D.","contributorId":60978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70026014,"text":"70026014 - 2003 - Paleomagnetism and geochronology of an Early Proterozoic quartz diorite in the southern Wind River Range, Wyoming, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:35","indexId":"70026014","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3525,"text":"Tectonophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Paleomagnetism and geochronology of an Early Proterozoic quartz diorite in the southern Wind River Range, Wyoming, USA","docAbstract":"We present geochronologic and paleomagnetic data from a north-trending quartz diorite intrusion that cuts Archean metasedimentary and metaigneous rocks of the South Pass Greenstone Belt of the Wyoming craton. The quartz diorite was previously thought to be either Archean or Early Proterozoic (?) in age and is cut by north and northeast-trending Proterozoic diabase dikes of uncertain age, for which we also report paleomagnetic data. New U-Pb analyses of baddeleyite and zircon from the quartz diorite yield a concordia upper intercept age of 2170 ?? 8 Ma (95% confidence). An 40Ar/39Ar amphibole date from the same sample yields a similar apparent age of about 2124 ?? 30 Ma (2??), thus confirming that the intrusion is Early Proterozoic in age and that it has probably not been thermally disturbed since emplacement. A magmatic event at ca. 2.17 Ga has not previously been documented in the Wyoming craton. The quartz diorite and one of the crosscutting diabase dikes yield essentially identical, well-defined characteristic remanent magnetizations. Results from eight sites in the quartz diorite yield an in situ mean direction of north declination and moderate to steep positive inclination (Dec.=355??, Inc.=65??, k=145, ??95=5??) with a paleomagnetic pole at 84??N, 215??E (??m=6??, ??p=7??). Data from other diabase dike sites are inconsistent with the quartz diorite results, but the importance of these results is uncertain because the age of the dikes is not well known. Interpretation of the quartz diorite remanent magnetization is problematic. The in situ direction is similar to expected directions for magnetizations of Late Cretaceous/early Tertiary age. However, there is no compelling evidence to suggest that these rocks were remagnetized during the late Mesozoic or Cenozoic. Assuming this magnetization to be primary, then the in situ paleomagnetic pole is strongly discordant with poles of 2167, 2214, and 2217 Ma from the Canadian Shield, and is consistent with proposed separation of the Wyoming Craton and Laurentia prior to about 1.8 Ga. Correcting the quartz diorite pole for the possible effects of Laramide-age tilting of the Wind River Range, based on the attitude of nearby overlying Cambrian Flathead Sandstone (dip=20??, N20??E), gives a tilt corrected pole of 75??N, 58??E (??m=4??, ??p=6??), which is also discordant with respect to time-equivalent poles from the Superior Province. Reconstruction of the Superior and Wyoming Province using a rotation similar to that proposed by Roscoe and Card [Can. J. Earth Sci. 46(1993)2475] is problematic, but reconstruction of the Superior and Wyoming Provinces based on restoring them to their correct paleolatitude and orientation using a closest approach fit indicates that the two cratons could have been adjacent at about 2.17 Ga prior to rifting at about 2.15 Ga. The paleomagnetic data presented are consistent with the hypothesis that the Huronian and Snowy Pass Supergroups could have evolved as part of a single epicratonic sedimentary basin during the Early Proterozoic. ?? 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Tectonophysics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0040-1951(02)00633-9","issn":"00401951","usgsCitation":"Harlan, S.S., Geisman, J., and Premo, W.R., 2003, Paleomagnetism and geochronology of an Early Proterozoic quartz diorite in the southern Wind River Range, Wyoming, USA: Tectonophysics, v. 362, no. 1-4, p. 105-122, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-1951(02)00633-9.","startPage":"105","endPage":"122","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208798,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0040-1951(02)00633-9"},{"id":234798,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"362","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a741ce4b0c8380cd7744e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harlan, S. S.","contributorId":11651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harlan","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Geisman, J.W.","contributorId":6233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geisman","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Premo, W. R. 0000-0001-9904-4801","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9904-4801","contributorId":22782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Premo","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70026011,"text":"70026011 - 2003 - Photodegradation of roxarsone in poultry litter leachates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:25","indexId":"70026011","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Photodegradation of roxarsone in poultry litter leachates","docAbstract":"Arsenic compounds have been used extensively in agriculture in the US for applications ranging from cotton herbicides to animal feed supplements. Roxarsone (3-nitro-4-hydroxyphenylarsonic acid), in particular, is used widely in poultry production to control coccidial intestinal parasites. It is excreted unchanged in the manure and introduced into the environment when litter is applied to farmland as fertilizer. Although the toxicity of roxarsone is less than that of inorganic arsenic, roxarsone can degrade, biotically and abiotically, to produce more toxic inorganic forms of arsenic, such as arsenite and arsenate. Experiments were conducted on aqueous litter leachates to test the stability of roxarsone under different conditions. Laboratory experiments have shown that arsenite can be cleaved photolytically from the roxarsone moiety at pH 4-8 and that the degradation rate increases with increasing pH. Furthermore, the rate of photodegradation increases with nitrate and natural organic matter concentration, reactants that are commonly found in poultry-litter-water leachates. Additional photochemical reactions rapidly oxidize the cleaved arsenite to arsenate. The formation of arsenate is not entirely undesirable, because it is less mobile in soil systems and less toxic than arsenite. A possible mechanism for the degradation of roxarsone in poultry litter leachates is proposed. The results suggest that poultry litter storage and field application practices could affect the degradation of roxarsone and subsequent mobilization of inorganic arsenic species. ?? 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Science of the Total Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0048-9697(02)00322-4","issn":"00489697","usgsCitation":"Bednar, A., Garbarino, J., Ferrer, I., Rutherford, D., Wershaw, R., Ranville, J., and Wildeman, T., 2003, Photodegradation of roxarsone in poultry litter leachates: Science of the Total Environment, v. 302, no. 1-3, p. 237-245, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(02)00322-4.","startPage":"237","endPage":"245","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208756,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(02)00322-4"},{"id":234726,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"302","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a78c6e4b0c8380cd7879c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bednar, A.J.","contributorId":67247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bednar","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Garbarino, J.R.","contributorId":76326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garbarino","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ferrer, I.","contributorId":97260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferrer","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rutherford, D.W.","contributorId":21244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rutherford","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wershaw, R.L.","contributorId":62223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wershaw","given":"R.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ranville, J. F.","contributorId":54245,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ranville","given":"J. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wildeman, T.R.","contributorId":30248,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wildeman","given":"T.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
]}