Coastal wetland loss is a major environmental issue in the Mississippi Delta region of the southern United States, where grasses such as Spartina alterniflora may play a critical role both as early colonizers on created sites and as facilitators of other marsh grasses and shrubs, particularly at high intertidal elevations. We explored the potential role of S. alterniflora as a facilitator of the colonization and growth of the shrub Baccharis halimifolia at two created wetlands in southwestern Louisiana through a combination of plant surveys and experimentation. Surveys for the presence of B. halimifolia inside and outside the bare centers of S. alterniflora clones that had begun to senesce inwardly were conducted at a 4-yr-old site originally created in 1993. The percent of clones containing B. halimifolia and the number of individual B. halimifolia plants per clone increased with increasing S. alterniflora clone size and decreased with increasing distance from an adjacent containment berm. Two experiments conducted at a second 4-yr-old site that was originally created in 1996 were designed to assess seed capture and growth of seedlings of B. halimifolia inside S. alterniflora clones. These experiments revealed that while significantly fewer seeds settle inside clones, those seedlings that grow in such areas gain a clear advantage in terms of both survival and rate of growth, which helps to explain the results of the initial survey and testifies to the role of S. alterniflora as a nurse plant in newly-created high intertidal marshes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1672/4-20","issn":"02775212","usgsCitation":"Egerova, J., Proffitt, C.E., and Travis, S.E., 2003, Facilitation of survival and growth of Baccharis halimifolia L. by Spartina alterniflora Loisel. In a created Louisiana salt marsh: Wetlands, v. 23, no. 2, p. 250-256, https://doi.org/10.1672/4-20.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"250","endPage":"256","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":388633,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Sabine National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.77586364746094,\n 29.820987000135123\n ],\n [\n -93.53828430175781,\n 29.820987000135123\n ],\n [\n -93.53828430175781,\n 29.997165057920704\n ],\n [\n -93.77586364746094,\n 29.997165057920704\n ],\n [\n -93.77586364746094,\n 29.820987000135123\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"23","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0e8fe4b0c8380cd53506","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Egerova, J.","contributorId":29179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Egerova","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Proffitt, C. Edward 0000-0002-0845-8441","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0845-8441","contributorId":93568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Proffitt","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"Edward","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":407744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Travis, Steven E.","contributorId":64724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Travis","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70026059,"text":"70026059 - 2003 - Effects of crustal stresses on fluid transport in fractured rock: Case studies from northeastern and southwestern USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-19T09:35:27","indexId":"70026059","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1923,"text":"Hydrogeology Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of crustal stresses on fluid transport in fractured rock: Case studies from northeastern and southwestern USA","docAbstract":"The link between stress and hydrologic properties was examined at two sites that are distinguished by different rock types and different stress states. This investigation is based upon the analysis and interpretation of geophysical logs obtained in water wells at the two locations. At the northeast site (Newark Basin), the hydrologic characteristics of sedimentary rocks are dependent upon the relationship to the current regional stress field of two primary types of orthogonal features that serve as preferential pathways for fluid flow. Subhorizontal bedding-plane partings are highly transmissive near the surface and delineate transversely isotropic fluid flow at shallow depths. With increasing depth, the subhorizontal planes become less dominant and steeply dipping fractures become more influential hydrologically. These high-angle features define anisotropic flow pathways that are preferentially oriented along strike. At the southwest site (west Texas), extrusive rocks are subjected to topographically modified tectonic and gravitational stresses that vary spatially within a valley setting. The attendant changes in stress invariants cause fracture connectivity within the rock mass to systematically increase with depth along the valley flanks, but to remain relatively low in the central valley. The degree of fracture connectivity predicted within this valley configuration is consistent with variations in transmissivity determined at several well locations. In each of these cases, the idealized understanding of the hydrologic system is enhanced by considering the effects of regional and local stresses that act upon the fractured-rock aquifer.
Abandoned tailings and mine adits are located throughout the Boulder River watershed in Montana. In this watershed, all species of fish are absent from some tributary reaches near mine sources; however, populations of brook trout Salvelinus fontitalis, rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss, and cut-throat trout O. clarki are found further downstream. Multiple methods must be used to investigate the effects of metals released by past mining activity because the effects on aquatic life may range in severity, depending on the proximity of mine sources. Therefore, we used three types of effects—those on fish population levels (as measured by survival), those on biomass and density, and those at the level of the individual (as measured by increases in metallothionein, products of lipid peroxidation, and increases in concentrations of tissue metals)—to assess the aquatic health of the Boulder River watershed. Elevated concentrations of Cd, Cu, and Zn in the water column were associated with increased mortality of trout at sites located near mine waste sources. The hypertrophy (swelling), degeneration (dying), and necrosis of epithelial cells observed in the gills support our conclusion that the cause of death was related to metals in the water column. At a site further downstream (lower Cataract Creek), we observed impaired health of resident trout, as well as effects on biomass and density (measured as decreases in the kilograms of trout per hectare and the number per 300 m) and effects at the individual level, including increases in metallothionein, products of lipid peroxidation, and tissue concentrations of metals.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(2003)132<0450:CAHUSM>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Farag, A.M., Skaar, D., Nimick, D.A., MacConnell, E., and Hogstrand, C., 2003, Characterizing aquatic health using salmonid mortality, physiology, and biomass estimates in streams with elevated concentrations of arsenic, cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc in the Boulder River Watershed, Montana: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 132, no. 3, p. 450-467, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(2003)132<0450:CAHUSM>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"450","endPage":"467","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234801,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208801,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(2003)132<0450:CAHUSM>2.0.CO;2"}],"volume":"132","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f4efe4b0c8380cd4bffb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Farag, Aida M. 0000-0003-4247-6763 aida_farag@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4247-6763","contributorId":1139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farag","given":"Aida","email":"aida_farag@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":407698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Skaar, Don","contributorId":9171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skaar","given":"Don","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nimick, David A. dnimick@usgs.gov","contributorId":421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nimick","given":"David","email":"dnimick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":573,"text":"Special Applications Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":407697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"MacConnell, Elizabeth","contributorId":7861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacConnell","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hogstrand, Christer","contributorId":22926,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hogstrand","given":"Christer","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70026047,"text":"70026047 - 2003 - A comparison of measures of riverbed form for evaluating distributions of benthic fishes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-12T14:57:06","indexId":"70026047","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A comparison of measures of riverbed form for evaluating distributions of benthic fishes","docAbstract":"A method to quantitatively characterize the bed forms of a large river and a preliminary test of the relationship between bed-form characteristics and catch per unit area of benthic fishes is presented. We used analog paper recordings of bathymetric data from the Missouri River and fish data collected from 1996 to 1998 at both the segment (???101-102-km) and macrohabitat (???10-1-100-km) spatial scales. Bed-form traces were transformed to digital data with image analysis software. The slope, mean residual, and SD of the residuals of the regression of depth versus distance along the bottom, as well as mean depth, were estimated for each trace. These four metrics were compared with sinuosity, fractal dimension, critical scale, and maximum mean angle for the same traces. Mean depth and sinuosity differed among segments and macrohabitats. Fractal-based measures of the relative depth of bottom troughs (critical scale) and smoothness (maximum mean angle) differed among segments. Statistics-based measures of the relative depth of bottom troughs (mean residual) and smoothness (SD of the residuals) differed among macrohabitats. Sites with shovelnose sturgeon Scaphirhynchus platorynchus were shallower and smoother than sites without shovelnose sturgeon. When compared with sites without sicklefin chub Macrhybopsis meeki, sites with sicklefin chub were shallower, had shallower troughs, and sloped more out of the flow of the river. Sites with sturgeon chub M. gelida were shallower, had shallower troughs, and were smoother than sites without sturgeon chub. Sites with and without channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus did not differ for any bed-form variables measured. Nonzero shovelnose sturgeon density increased with depth, whereas nonzero sturgeon chub density decreased with depth. Indices of bed-form structure demonstrated potential for describing the distribution and abundance of Missouri River benthic fishes. The observed fish patterns, though limited, provide valuable direction for future research into the habitat preferences of these fishes.","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8675(2003)023<0543:ACOMOR>2.0.CO;2","issn":"02755947","usgsCitation":"Wildhaber, M.L., Lamberson, P.J., and Galat, D.L., 2003, A comparison of measures of riverbed form for evaluating distributions of benthic fishes: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 23, no. 2, p. 543-557, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(2003)023<0543:ACOMOR>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"543","endPage":"557","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234800,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208800,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(2003)023<0543:ACOMOR>2.0.CO;2"}],"volume":"23","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e36ce4b0c8380cd45fe4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wildhaber, Mark L. 0000-0002-6538-9083 mwildhaber@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6538-9083","contributorId":1386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wildhaber","given":"Mark","email":"mwildhaber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":407693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lamberson, Peter J.","contributorId":20932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lamberson","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Galat, David L.","contributorId":13711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galat","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70026045,"text":"70026045 - 2003 - Mercury in soil near a long-term air emission source in southeastern Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-19T08:06:15","indexId":"70026045","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1539,"text":"Environmental Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mercury in soil near a long-term air emission source in southeastern Idaho","docAbstract":"At the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory in southeastern Idaho, a 500 °C fluidized bed calciner was intermittently operated for 37 years, with measured Hg emission rates of 9–11 g/h. Surface soil was sampled at 57 locations around the facility to determine the spatial distribution of Hg fallout and surface Hg variability, and to predict the total residual Hg mass in the soil from historical emissions. Measured soil concentrations were slightly higher (p<0.05) within 5 km of the source but were overall very low (15–20 ng/g) compared to background Hg levels published for similar soils in the USA (50–70 ng/g). Concentrations decreased 4%/cm with depth and were found to be twice as high under shrubs and in depressions. Mass balance calculations accounted for only 2.5–20% of the estimated total Hg emitted over the 37-year calciner operating history. These results suggest that much of the Hg deposited from calciner operations may have been reduced in the soil and re-emitted as Hg(0) to the global atmospheric pool.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00254-002-0631-y","issn":"09430105","usgsCitation":"Abbott, M., Susong, D., Olson, M., and Krabbenhoft, D., 2003, Mercury in soil near a long-term air emission source in southeastern Idaho: Environmental Geology, v. 43, no. 3, p. 352-356, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00254-002-0631-y.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"352","endPage":"356","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234766,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.4556,42.0085 ], [ -114.4556,44.4397 ], [ -111.6129,44.4397 ], [ -111.6129,42.0085 ], [ -114.4556,42.0085 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"43","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5415e4b0c8380cd6ce97","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Abbott, M.L.","contributorId":76090,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abbott","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Susong, D. D.","contributorId":12868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Susong","given":"D. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Olson, M.","contributorId":27237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olson","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Krabbenhoft, D. P. 0000-0003-1964-5020","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1964-5020","contributorId":90765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krabbenhoft","given":"D. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70026043,"text":"70026043 - 2003 - Comparison of electrofishing and rotenone for sampling largemouth bass in vegetated areas of two Florida lakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:25","indexId":"70026043","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of electrofishing and rotenone for sampling largemouth bass in vegetated areas of two Florida lakes","docAbstract":"We compared the sampling precision and efficiency of electrofishing and rotenone for assessing populations of largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides in vegetated portions of two Florida lakes. Sampling was conducted at Lochloosa and Orange lakes in north-central Florida from 1990 to 1999. Significant differences in length frequencies were determined between the two methods in 5 of 9 years for each lake. In years where differences existed, electrofishing collected larger fish than did rotenone. The maximum deviation between cumulative relative length frequencies for the two methods was not related to total vegetation, native emergent vegetation, or hydrilla Hydrilla verticallata coverage at either lake. Sampling precision was greater for electrofishing than for rotenone; electrofishing also required less sampling effort to detect changes in the abundance of juvenile and adult largemouth bass. Electrofishing was a more precise and cost-effective method than rotenone for estimating largemouth bass abundance.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/1548-8675(2003)023<0181:COEARF>2.0.CO;2","issn":"02755947","usgsCitation":"Tate, W., Allen, M.S., Myers, R., and Estes, J., 2003, Comparison of electrofishing and rotenone for sampling largemouth bass in vegetated areas of two Florida lakes: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 23, no. 1, p. 181-188, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(2003)023<0181:COEARF>2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"181","endPage":"188","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208757,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(2003)023<0181:COEARF>2.0.CO;2"},{"id":234728,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f85de4b0c8380cd4d060","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tate, W.B.","contributorId":78917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tate","given":"W.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Allen, M. S.","contributorId":63001,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Myers, R.A.","contributorId":10971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Myers","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Estes, J.R.","contributorId":13792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Estes","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70025312,"text":"70025312 - 2003 - Simulation of Submarine Ground Water Discharge to a Marine Estuary: Biscayne Bay, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:28","indexId":"70025312","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Simulation of Submarine Ground Water Discharge to a Marine Estuary: Biscayne Bay, Florida","docAbstract":"Variable density ground water flow models are rarely used to estimate submarine ground water discharge because of limitations in computer speed, data availability, and availability of a simulation tool that can minimize numerical dispersion. This paper presents an application of the SEAWAT code, which is a combined version of MODFLOW and MT3D, to estimate rates of submarine ground water discharge to a coastal marine estuary. Discharge rates were estimated for Biscayne Bay, Florida, for the period from January 1989 to September 1998 using a three-dimensional, variable density ground water flow and transport model. Hydrologic stresses in the 10-layer model include recharge, evapotranspiration, ground water withdrawals from municipal wellfields, interactions with surface water (canals in urban areas and wetlands in the Everglades), boundary fluxes, and submarine ground water discharge to Biscayne Bay. The model was calibrated by matching ground water levels in monitoring wells, baseflow to canals, and the position of the 1995 salt water intrusion line. Results suggest that fresh submarine ground water discharge to Biscayne Bay may have exceeded surface water discharge during the 1989, 1990, and 1991 dry seasons, but the average discharge for the entire simulation period was only ???10% of the surface water discharge to the bay. Results from the model also suggest that tidal canals intercept fresh ground water that might otherwise have discharged directly to Biscayne Bay. This application demonstrates that regional scale variable density models are potentially useful tools for estimating rates of submarine ground water discharge.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ground Water","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2003.tb02417.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Langevin, C., 2003, Simulation of Submarine Ground Water Discharge to a Marine Estuary: Biscayne Bay, Florida: Ground Water, v. 41, no. 6, p. 758-771, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2003.tb02417.x.","startPage":"758","endPage":"771","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209475,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2003.tb02417.x"},{"id":235964,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9007e4b08c986b319294","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Langevin, C.D.","contributorId":25976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langevin","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70026354,"text":"70026354 - 2003 - The open black box: The role of the end-user in GIS integration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:37","indexId":"70026354","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1165,"text":"Canadian Geographer","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The open black box: The role of the end-user in GIS integration","docAbstract":"Formalist theories of knowledge that underpin GIS scholarship on integration neglect the importance and creativity of end-users in knowledge construction. This has practical consequences for the success of large distributed databases that contribute to spatial-data infrastructures. Spatial-data infrastructures depend on participation at local levels, such as counties and watersheds, and they must be developed to support feedback from local users. Looking carefully at the work of scientists in a watershed in Puget Sound, Washington, USA during the salmon crisis reveals that the work of these end-users articulates different worlds of knowledge. This view of the user is consonant with recent work in science and technology studies and research into computer-supported cooperative work. GIS theory will be enhanced when it makes room for these users and supports their practical work. ?? / Canadian Association of Geographers.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Geographer","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/1541-0064.02e13","issn":"00083658","usgsCitation":"Poore, B., 2003, The open black box: The role of the end-user in GIS integration: Canadian Geographer, v. 47, no. 1, p. 62-74, https://doi.org/10.1111/1541-0064.02e13.","startPage":"62","endPage":"74","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208350,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1541-0064.02e13"},{"id":234044,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"47","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-05-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bae56e4b08c986b32400a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poore, B.S.","contributorId":102249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poore","given":"B.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70180860,"text":"70180860 - 2003 - Polar bear aerial survey in the eastern Chukchi Sea: A pilot study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-14T07:25:37","indexId":"70180860","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":894,"text":"Arctic","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Polar bear aerial survey in the eastern Chukchi Sea: A pilot study","docAbstract":"Alaska has two polar bear populations: the Southern Beaufort Sea population, shared with Canada, and the Chukchi/Bering Seas population, shared with Russia. Currently a reliable population estimate for the Chukchi/Bering Seas population does not exist. Land-based aerial and mark-recapture population surveys may not be possible in the Chukchi Sea because variable ice conditions, the limited range of helicopters, extremely large polar bear home ranges, and severe weather conditions may limit access to remote areas. Thus line-transect aerial surveys from icebreakers may be the best available tool to monitor this polar bear stock. In August 2000, a line-transect survey was conducted in the eastern Chukchi Sea and western Beaufort Sea from helicopters based on a U.S. Coast Guard icebreaker under the \"Ship of Opportunity\" program. The objectives of this pilot study were to estimate polar bear density in the eastern Chukchi and western Beaufort Seas and to assess the logistical feasibility of using ship-based aerial surveys to develop polar bear population estimates. Twenty-nine polar bears in 25 groups were sighted on 94 transects (8257 km). The density of bears was estimated as 1 bear per 147 km² (CV = 38%). Additional aerial surveys in late fall, using dedicated icebreakers, would be required to achieve the number of sightings, survey effort, coverage, and precision needed for more effective monitoring of population trends in the Chukchi Sea.
Imaging spectroscopy is a tool that can be used to spectrally identify and spatially map materials based on their specific chemical bonds. Spectroscopic analysis requires significantly more sophistication than has been employed in conventional broadband remote sensing analysis. We describe a new system that is effective at material identification and mapping: a set of algorithms within an expert system decision‐making framework that we call Tetracorder. The expertise in the system has been derived from scientific knowledge of spectral identification. The expert system rules are implemented in a decision tree where multiple algorithms are applied to spectral analysis, additional expert rules and algorithms can be applied based on initial results, and more decisions are made until spectral analysis is complete. Because certain spectral features are indicative of specific chemical bonds in materials, the system can accurately identify and map those materials. In this paper we describe the framework of the decision making process used for spectral identification, describe specific spectral feature analysis algorithms, and give examples of what analyses and types of maps are possible with imaging spectroscopy data. We also present the expert system rules that describe which diagnostic spectral features are used in the decision making process for a set of spectra of minerals and other common materials. We demonstrate the applications of Tetracorder to identify and map surface minerals, to detect sources of acid rock drainage, and to map vegetation species, ice, melting snow, water, and water pollution, all with one set of expert system rules. Mineral mapping can aid in geologic mapping and fault detection and can provide a better understanding of weathering, mineralization, hydrothermal alteration, and other geologic processes. Environmental site assessment, such as mapping source areas of acid mine drainage, has resulted in the acceleration of site cleanup, saving millions of dollars and years in cleanup time. Imaging spectroscopy data and Tetracorder analysis can be used to study both terrestrial and planetary science problems. Imaging spectroscopy can be used to probe planetary systems, including their atmospheres, oceans, and land surfaces.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/2002JE001847","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Clark, R.N., Swayze, G.A., Livo, K., Kokaly, R.F., Sutley, S.J., Dalton, J.B., McDougal, R.R., and Gent, C.A., 2003, Imaging spectroscopy: Earth and planetary remote sensing with the USGS Tetracorder and expert systems: Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets, v. 108, no. 12, p. 1-44, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JE001847.","productDescription":"Article 5; 44 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"44","costCenters":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236133,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"108","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-12-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3884e4b0c8380cd615cf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, Roger N. 0000-0002-7021-1220 rclark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7021-1220","contributorId":515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Roger","email":"rclark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":403639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Swayze, Gregg A. 0000-0002-1814-7823 gswayze@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1814-7823","contributorId":518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swayze","given":"Gregg","email":"gswayze@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":309,"text":"Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":403641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Livo, K. Eric 0000-0001-7331-8130","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7331-8130","contributorId":17886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Livo","given":"K. Eric","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kokaly, Raymond F. 0000-0003-0276-7101 raymond@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0276-7101","contributorId":150717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kokaly","given":"Raymond","email":"raymond@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":403643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sutley, Steve J.","contributorId":33774,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sutley","given":"Steve","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dalton, J. Brad","contributorId":90831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dalton","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Brad","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"McDougal, Robert R. rmcdouga@usgs.gov","contributorId":1812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDougal","given":"Robert","email":"rmcdouga@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Gent, Carol A.","contributorId":40646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gent","given":"Carol","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70025293,"text":"70025293 - 2003 - Polybaric evolution of phonolite, trachyte, and rhyolite volcanoes in eastern Marie Byrd Land, Antarctica: Controls on peralkalinity and silica saturation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-06T21:10:28.185089","indexId":"70025293","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2020,"text":"International Geology Review","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Polybaric evolution of phonolite, trachyte, and rhyolite volcanoes in eastern Marie Byrd Land, Antarctica: Controls on peralkalinity and silica saturation","docAbstract":"In the Marie Byrd Land volcanic province, peralkaline and metaluminous trachytes, phonolites, and rhyolites occur in 18 large shield volcanoes that are closely associated in time and space. They are arrayed radially across an 800 km wide structural dome, with the oldest at the crest and the youngest around the flanks. Several lines of evidence suggest that these rocks evolved via opensystem, polybaric fractionation. We have used mass balance modeling of major elements together with trace-element data and mineral chemistry to help explain the evolution of this diverse suite of felsic rocks, which appear to have been generated coevally in isolated magma chambers, and erupted close to each other in patterns related to tectonic uplift and extension within the West Antarctic rift system. Isotopic and trace-element data indicate that this occurred with only minimal crustal contamination. We focus on volcanoes of the Executive Committee Range and Mount Murphy, where we find good representation of basalts and felsic rocks within a small area. Our results suggest that the felsic rocks were derived from basaltic magmas that differentiated at multiple levels during their passage to the surface: first to ferrogabbroic compositions near the base of the lithosphere, then to intermediate compositions near the base of the crust, and finally to felsic compositions in mid- to upper crustal reservoirs. The high-pressure history has been largely masked by low-pressure processes. The best indications of a high-pressure history are the mineral phases in cumulate nodules and their correlation with modeling results, with REE anomalies, and with the composition of an unusual gabbroic intrusion. Silica saturation characteristics are believed to have originated in magma chambers near the base of the crust, via fractionation of variable proportions of kaersutite and plagioclase. Development of peralkalinity in felsic rocks took place in upper crustal reservoirs by fractionating a high ratio of plagioclase to clinopyroxene under conditions of low pH2O. With increasing pH2O, the ratio plagioclase/clinopyroxene in the fractionated assemblage decreases and metaluminous liquids resulted. Crustal contamination seems to have had a role in suppressing peralkalinity, and was probably a factor in the origin of high-silica metaluminous rhyolite, but metaluminous rocks are uncommon. The volume and diversity of felsic rocks were probably enhanced by the structure of the lithosphere, the persistence of plume activity, and the immobility of the Antarctic plate. Mechanical boundaries at the base of the lithosphere and crust, and within the crust, appear to have acted as filters, trapping magmas at multiple levels, and prolonging the fractionation process. Final volumes would have been further enhanced by repeated refluxing of the same magma chambers, controlled by plume activity and plate immobility.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.2747/0020-6814.45.12.1055","issn":"00206814","usgsCitation":"LeMasurier, W., Futa, K., Hole, M., and Kawachi, Y., 2003, Polybaric evolution of phonolite, trachyte, and rhyolite volcanoes in eastern Marie Byrd Land, Antarctica: Controls on peralkalinity and silica saturation: International Geology Review, v. 45, no. 12, p. 1055-1099, https://doi.org/10.2747/0020-6814.45.12.1055.","productDescription":"45 p.","startPage":"1055","endPage":"1099","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":387742,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Antarctica","volume":"45","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7ce6e4b0c8380cd79c3d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"LeMasurier, W.E.","contributorId":7006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LeMasurier","given":"W.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Futa, K.","contributorId":26435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Futa","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hole, M.","contributorId":80876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hole","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kawachi, Y.","contributorId":45875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kawachi","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70026206,"text":"70026206 - 2003 - Geoarchaeological investigations at the Winger site: A Late Paleoindian bison bonebed in Southwestern Kansas, U.S.A","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:35","indexId":"70026206","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1749,"text":"Geoarchaeology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geoarchaeological investigations at the Winger site: A Late Paleoindian bison bonebed in Southwestern Kansas, U.S.A","docAbstract":"The Winger site is a deeply buried Late Paleoindian bison bonebed in a playa basin on the High Plains of midcontinental North America. The site is one of few stratified, Late Paleoindian bison kills recorded in the region. The bonebed is exposed in the bank of an intermittent stream that cut into the edge of the playa basin. Avocational archaeologists excavated a small portion of the exposed bonebed in the early 1970s and reported flakes in association with the skeletal remains. Limited reinvestigations of the site were undertaken in 2001, and a monthlong excavation was conducted in 2002 to assess the stratigraphy, geochronology, and archaeology. The bonebed is 35 ni long in a buried soil developed in fine-grained basin fill overlain by early Holocene alluvium (arroyo fill). Recent alluvium overlies a soil developed in the early Holocene alluvium, and modern deposits of eolian sand 2 to to < 35 cm thick mantle the site area. Artifacts found at the site include two Allen points and a flake tool discovered in the bone bed, and a biface and Allen point fragment in disturbed bonebed deposits. Excavation of 9 m2 of the bone bed revealed some fully articulated skeletons, and taphonomic observations suggest some of the bison collapsed while standing in a playa or pond margin setting. The remains of at least six bison are represented in the excavated sample from 2002, but many more animals are represented in the bonebed. A 14C age of ca. 9000 yr B.P. was determined on collagen from bison rib fragments. This age is consistent with the diagnostic artifacts found at Winger. ?? 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geoarchaeology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/gea.10054","issn":"08836353","usgsCitation":"Mandel, R., and Hofman, J., 2003, Geoarchaeological investigations at the Winger site: A Late Paleoindian bison bonebed in Southwestern Kansas, U.S.A: Geoarchaeology, v. 18, no. 1, p. 129-144, https://doi.org/10.1002/gea.10054.","startPage":"129","endPage":"144","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208945,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gea.10054"},{"id":235067,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-12-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1598e4b0c8380cd54eb5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mandel, R.D.","contributorId":58000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mandel","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hofman, J.L.","contributorId":83717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hofman","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70024961,"text":"70024961 - 2003 - Effects of daily precipitation and evapotranspiration patterns on flow and VOC transport to groundwater along a watershed flow path","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-08T12:33:59","indexId":"70024961","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of daily precipitation and evapotranspiration patterns on flow and VOC transport to groundwater along a watershed flow path","docAbstract":"MTBE and other volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are widely observed in shallow groundwater in the United States, especially in urban areas. Previous studies suggest that the atmosphere and/or nonpoint surficial sources could be responsible for some of those VOCs, especially in areas where there is net recharge to groundwater. However, in semi-arid locations where annual potential evapotranspiration can exceed annual precipitation, VOC detections in groundwater can be frequent. VOC transport to groundwater under net discharge conditions has not previously been examined. A numerical model is used here to demonstrate that daily precipitation and evapotranspiration (ET) patterns can have a significant effect on recharge to groundwater, water table elevations, and VOC transport. Ten-year precipitation/ET scenarios from six sites in the United States are examined using both actual daily observed values and “average” pulsed precipitation. MTBE and tetrachloroethylene transport, including gas-phase diffusion, are considered. The effects of the precipitation/ET scenarios on net recharge and groundwater flow are significant and complicated, especially under low-precipitation conditions when pulsed precipitation can significantly underestimate transport to groundwater. In addition to precipitation and evapotranspiration effects, location of VOC entry into the subsurface within the watershed is important for transport in groundwater. This is caused by groundwater hydraulics at the watershed scale as well as variations in ET within the watershed. The model results indicate that it is important to consider both daily precipitation/ET patterns and location within the watershed in order to interpret VOC occurrence in groundwater, especially in low-precipitation settings.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/es026252c","usgsCitation":"Johnson, R.L., Thoms, R., and Zogorski, J., 2003, Effects of daily precipitation and evapotranspiration patterns on flow and VOC transport to groundwater along a watershed flow path: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 37, no. 21, p. 4944-4954, https://doi.org/10.1021/es026252c.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"4944","endPage":"4954","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233006,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"21","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-10-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a064ee4b0c8380cd511c2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Richard L.","contributorId":169575,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thoms, R.B.","contributorId":7466,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thoms","given":"R.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zogorski, J.S.","contributorId":108201,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zogorski","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70026346,"text":"70026346 - 2003 - Variability of the seasonally integrated normalized difference vegetation index across the north slope of Alaska in the 1990s","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-06T11:11:26","indexId":"70026346","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2068,"text":"International Journal of Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Variability of the seasonally integrated normalized difference vegetation index across the north slope of Alaska in the 1990s","docAbstract":"The interannual variability and trend of above-ground photosynthetic activity of Arctic tundra vegetation in the 1990s is examined for the north slope region of Alaska, based on the seasonally integrated normalized difference vegetation index (SINDVI) derived from local area coverage (LAC) National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) data. Smaller SINDVI values occurred during the three years (1992-1994) following the volcanic eruption of Mt Pinatubo. Even after implementing corrections for this stratospheric aerosol effect and adjusting for changes in radiometric calibration coefficients, an apparent increasing trend of SINDVI in the 1990s is evident for the entire north slope. The most pronounced increase was observed for the foothills physiographical province.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/0143116021000020144","issn":"01431161","usgsCitation":"Stow, D., Daeschner, S., Hope, A., Douglas, D., Petersen, A., Myneni, R.B., Zhou, L., and Oechel, W., 2003, Variability of the seasonally integrated normalized difference vegetation index across the north slope of Alaska in the 1990s: International Journal of Remote Sensing, v. 24, no. 5, p. 1111-1117, https://doi.org/10.1080/0143116021000020144.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1111","endPage":"1117","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233932,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"North Slope","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -168.48632812499997,\n 66.79190947341796\n ],\n [\n -141.064453125,\n 66.79190947341796\n ],\n [\n -141.064453125,\n 71.93815765811694\n ],\n [\n -168.48632812499997,\n 71.93815765811694\n ],\n [\n -168.48632812499997,\n 66.79190947341796\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"24","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-11-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc13ee4b08c986b32a4ce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stow, D.","contributorId":79271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stow","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Daeschner, Scott","contributorId":41192,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Daeschner","given":"Scott","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hope, A.","contributorId":97036,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hope","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Douglas, David C. 0000-0003-0186-1104 ddouglas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0186-1104","contributorId":150115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Douglas","given":"David C.","email":"ddouglas@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":409099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Petersen, A.","contributorId":40383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petersen","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Myneni, Ranga B.","contributorId":33901,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Myneni","given":"Ranga","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":13570,"text":"Boston University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":409102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Zhou, L.","contributorId":68455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhou","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Oechel, W.","contributorId":76104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oechel","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70026210,"text":"70026210 - 2003 - Interpreting tracer breakthrough tailing from different forced-gradient tracer experiment configurations in fractured bedrock","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-29T16:20:45.536186","indexId":"70026210","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interpreting tracer breakthrough tailing from different forced-gradient tracer experiment configurations in fractured bedrock","docAbstract":"Conceptual and mathematical models are presented that explain tracer breakthrough tailing in the absence of significant matrix diffusion. Model predictions are compared to field results from radially convergent, weak-dipole, and push-pull tracer experiments conducted in a saturated crystalline bedrock. The models are based upon the assumption that flow is highly channelized, that the mass of tracer in a channel is proportional to the cube of the mean channel aperture, and the mean transport time in the channel is related to the square of the mean channel aperture. These models predict the consistent −2 straight line power law slope observed in breakthrough from radially convergent and weak-dipole tracer experiments and the variable straight line power law slope observed in push-pull tracer experiments with varying injection volumes. The power law breakthrough slope is predicted in the absence of matrix diffusion. A comparison of tracer experiments in which the flow field was reversed to those in which it was not indicates that the apparent dispersion in the breakthrough curve is partially reversible. We hypothesize that the observed breakthrough tailing is due to a combination of local hydrodynamic dispersion, which always increases in the direction of fluid velocity, and heterogeneous advection, which is partially reversed when the flow field is reversed. In spite of our attempt to account for heterogeneous advection using a multipath approach, a much smaller estimate of hydrodynamic dispersivity was obtained from push-pull experiments than from radially convergent or weak dipole experiments. These results suggest that although we can explain breakthrough tailing as an advective phenomenon, we cannot ignore the relationship between hydrodynamic dispersion and flow field geometry at this site. The design of the tracer experiment can severely impact the estimation of hydrodynamic dispersion and matrix diffusion in highly heterogeneous geologic media.
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","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Woody, C.A., 2003, Unlocking the secrets of Lake Clark sockeye salmon: Alaska Park Science, v. 2, no. 1, p. 33-37.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"33","endPage":"37","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341387,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":341386,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.nps.gov/akso/nature/science/ak_park_science/PDF/2003Vol2-1/unlocking-the-secrets-of-lake-clark.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Lake Clark","volume":"2","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"591c0fcee4b0a7fdb43ddf0c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Woody, Carol Ann","contributorId":172548,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Woody","given":"Carol","email":"","middleInitial":"Ann","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}