Determination of the relative abundance of two populations, separated by time or space, is of interest in many ecological situations. We focus on two estimators of relative abundance, which assume that the probability that an individual is detected at least once in the survey is either equal or unequal for the two populations. We present three methods for incorporating the collected information into our inference. The first method, proposed previously, is a traditional hypothesis test for evidence that detection probabilities are unequal. However, we feel that, a priori, it is more likely that detection probabilities are actually different; hence, the burden of proof should be shifted, requiring evidence that detection probabilities are practically equivalent. The second method we present, equivalence testing, is one approach to doing so. Third, we suggest that model averaging could be used by combining the two estimators according to derived model weights. These differing approaches are applied to a mark-recapture experiment on Nuttail's cottontail rabbit (Sylvilagus nuttallii) conducted in central Oregon during 1974 and 1975, which has been previously analyzed by other authors.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1890/0012-9658(2002)083[2387:HSDPBI]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"MacKenzie, D., and Kendall, W., 2002, How should detection probability be incorporated into estimates of relative abundance?: Ecology, v. 83, no. 9, p. 2387-2393, https://doi.org/10.1890/0012-9658(2002)083[2387:HSDPBI]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"2387","endPage":"2393","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200139,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.541015625,\n 42.71473218539458\n ],\n [\n -124.4091796875,\n 41.934976500546604\n ],\n [\n -116.89453125,\n 41.934976500546604\n ],\n [\n -117.02636718749999,\n 44.5278427984555\n ],\n [\n -116.49902343749999,\n 45.644768217751924\n ],\n [\n -116.89453125,\n 45.98169518512228\n ],\n [\n -119.5751953125,\n 45.9511496866914\n ],\n [\n -120.2783203125,\n 45.73685954736049\n ],\n [\n -121.025390625,\n 45.706179285330855\n ],\n [\n -121.728515625,\n 45.706179285330855\n ],\n [\n -122.431640625,\n 45.55252525134013\n ],\n [\n -122.6953125,\n 45.767522962149876\n ],\n [\n -122.6953125,\n 46.13417004624326\n ],\n [\n -123.92578125,\n 46.042735653846506\n ],\n [\n -124.541015625,\n 42.71473218539458\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"83","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ae12b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"MacKenzie, D.I.","contributorId":69522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacKenzie","given":"D.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kendall, W. L. 0000-0003-0084-9891","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0084-9891","contributorId":32880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"W. 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In ducks, in contrast to most bird species, fidelity is thought to be greater among females than males. Researchers have suggested that fidelity in ducks is positively correlated with pond availability. However, most estimates of fidelity on which these inferences have been based represent functions of survival and recapture-resighting probabilities in addition to fidelity. We applied the modeling approach developed by Burnham to recapture and band recovery data of mallard ducks to test the above hypotheses about fidelity. We found little evidence of sex differences in adult philopatry, with females being slightly more philopatric than males in one study area, but not in a second study area. However, yearling females were more philopatric than yearling males in both study areas. We found that adults were generally more philopatric than yearlings. We could find no relationship between fidelity and pond availability. Our results, while partially supporting current theory concerning sex and age differences in philopatry, suggest that adult male mallards are more philopatric than once thought, and we recommend that other generalizations about philopatry be revisited with proper estimation techniques.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Behavioral Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1093/beheco/13.4.543","collaboration":"5919_Doherty.pdf","usgsCitation":"Doherty, P., Nichols, J., Tautin, J., Voelzer, J., Smith, G., Benning, D., Bentley, V., Bidwell, J., Bollinger, K., Brazda, A., Buelna, E., Goldsberry, J., King, R., Roetker, F., Solberg, J., Thorpe, P., and Wortham, J., 2002, Sources of variation in breeding-ground fidelity of mallards (Anas platyrhynchos): Behavioral Ecology, v. 13, no. 4, p. 543-550, https://doi.org/10.1093/beheco/13.4.543.","productDescription":"543-550","startPage":"543","endPage":"550","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478587,"rank":201,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/beheco/13.4.543","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":201907,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":17586,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/beheco/13.4.543","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"13","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc4dd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Doherty, P.F. Jr.","contributorId":74096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doherty","given":"P.F.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nichols, J.D. 0000-0002-7631-2890","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":14332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tautin, J.","contributorId":95168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tautin","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Voelzer, J.E.","contributorId":43474,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voelzer","given":"J.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Smith, G.W.","contributorId":6561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"G.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Benning, D.S.","contributorId":19671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benning","given":"D.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bentley, V.R.","contributorId":43317,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bentley","given":"V.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Bidwell, J.K.","contributorId":27169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bidwell","given":"J.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Bollinger, K.S.","contributorId":85542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bollinger","given":"K.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Brazda, A.R.","contributorId":78443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brazda","given":"A.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Buelna, E.K.","contributorId":32650,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buelna","given":"E.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Goldsberry, J.R.","contributorId":33013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldsberry","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"King, R.J.","contributorId":19268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Roetker, F.H.","contributorId":24475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roetker","given":"F.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Solberg, J.W.","contributorId":78055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Solberg","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Thorpe, P.P.","contributorId":66819,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thorpe","given":"P.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Wortham, J.S.","contributorId":31503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wortham","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17}]}} ,{"id":5224176,"text":"5224176 - 2002 - Estimating site occupancy rates when detection probabilities are less than one","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-29T19:41:53.01096","indexId":"5224176","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:56","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating site occupancy rates when detection probabilities are less than one","docAbstract":"Nondetection of a species at a site does not imply that the species is absent unless the probability of detection is 1. We propose a model and likelihood-based method for estimating site occupancy rates when detection probabilities are < 1. The model provides a flexible framework enabling covariate information to be included and allowing for missing observations. Via computer simulation, we found that the model provides good estimates of the occupancy rates, generally unbiased for moderate detection probabilities (>0.3). We estimated site occupancy rates for two anuran species at 32 wetland sites in Maryland, USA, from data collected during 2000 as part of an amphibian monitoring program, Frogwatch USA. Site occupancy rates were estimated as 0.49 for American toads (Bufo americanus), a 44% increase over the proportion of sites at which they were actually observed, and as 0.85 for spring peepers (Pseudacris crucifer), slightly above the observed proportion of 0.83.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1890/0012-9658(2002)083[2248:ESORWD]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"MacKenzie, D., Nichols, J., Lachman, G., Droege, S., Royle, J., and Langtimm, C., 2002, Estimating site occupancy rates when detection probabilities are less than one: Ecology, v. 83, no. 8, p. 2248-2255, https://doi.org/10.1890/0012-9658(2002)083[2248:ESORWD]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"2248","endPage":"2255","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202254,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -79.541015625,\n 39.16414104768742\n ],\n [\n -79.013671875,\n 39.26628442213066\n ],\n [\n -78.0908203125,\n 39.470125122358176\n ],\n [\n -77.255859375,\n 38.8225909761771\n ],\n [\n -75.76171875,\n 37.055177106660814\n ],\n [\n -75.05859375,\n 38.51378825951165\n ],\n [\n -75.5419921875,\n 38.54816542304656\n ],\n [\n -75.6298828125,\n 39.67337039176558\n ],\n [\n -79.62890625,\n 39.740986355883564\n ],\n [\n -79.541015625,\n 39.16414104768742\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"83","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc86e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"MacKenzie, D.I.","contributorId":69522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacKenzie","given":"D.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nichols, J.D. 0000-0002-7631-2890","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":14332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lachman, G.B.","contributorId":91217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lachman","given":"G.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Droege, Sam 0000-0003-4393-0403","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4393-0403","contributorId":64185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Droege","given":"Sam","affiliations":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":340791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Royle, J. Andrew 0000-0003-3135-2167","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3135-2167","contributorId":96221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Royle","given":"J. Andrew","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Langtimm, C.A. 0000-0001-8499-5743","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8499-5743","contributorId":71133,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Langtimm","given":"C.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":5224158,"text":"5224158 - 2002 - Temporal variation in bird counts within a Hawaiian rainforest","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-22T16:38:11.727327","indexId":"5224158","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:55","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Temporal variation in bird counts within a Hawaiian rainforest","docAbstract":"We studied monthly and annual variation in density estimates of nine forest bird species along an elevational gradient in an east Maui rainforest. We conducted monthly variable circular-plot counts for 36 consecutive months along transects running downhill from timberline. Density estimates were compared by month, year, and station for all resident bird species with sizeable populations, including four native nectarivores, two native insectivores, a non-native insectivore, and two non-native generalists. We compared densities among three elevational strata and between breeding and nonbreeding seasons. All species showed significant differences in density estimates among months and years. Three native nectarivores had higher density estimates within their breeding season (December-May) and showed decreases during periods of low nectar production following the breeding season. All insectivore and generalist species except one had higher density estimates within their March-August breeding season. Density estimates also varied with elevation for all species, and for four species a seasonal shift in population was indicated. Our data show that the best time to conduct counts for native forest birds on Maui is January-February, when birds are breeding or preparing to breed, counts are typically high, variability in density estimates is low, and the likelihood for fair weather is best. Temporal variations in density estimates documented in our study site emphasize the need for consistent, well-researched survey regimens and for caution when drawing conclusions from, or basing management decisions on, survey data.","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/condor/104.3.469","usgsCitation":"Simon, J.C., Pratt, T., Berlin, K.E., Kowalsky, J.R., Fancy, S., and Hatfield, J., 2002, Temporal variation in bird counts within a Hawaiian rainforest: Condor, v. 104, no. 3, p. 469-481, https://doi.org/10.1093/condor/104.3.469.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"469","endPage":"481","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478588,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/condor/104.3.469","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":202900,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -160.400390625,\n 21.3303150734318\n ],\n [\n -157.5439453125,\n 20.385825381874263\n ],\n [\n -156.26953125,\n 18.8543103618898\n ],\n [\n -155.3466796875,\n 18.8543103618898\n ],\n [\n -154.423828125,\n 19.352610894378625\n ],\n [\n -156.357421875,\n 21.739091217718574\n ],\n [\n -158.81835937499997,\n 22.350075806124867\n ],\n [\n -160.6201171875,\n 22.350075806124867\n ],\n [\n -160.400390625,\n 21.3303150734318\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"104","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dce4b07f02db5e1b3e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Simon, John C.","contributorId":71673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simon","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pratt, T.K.","contributorId":13717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pratt","given":"T.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Berlin, Kim E.","contributorId":70522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berlin","given":"Kim","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kowalsky, James R.","contributorId":54707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kowalsky","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fancy, S.G.","contributorId":8957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fancy","given":"S.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hatfield, Jeff S.","contributorId":41372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatfield","given":"Jeff S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":5224149,"text":"5224149 - 2002 - The use of photographic rates to estimate densities of tigers and other cryptic mammals: a comment on misleading conclusions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:39","indexId":"5224149","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:55","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":774,"text":"Animal Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The use of photographic rates to estimate densities of tigers and other cryptic mammals: a comment on misleading conclusions","docAbstract":"The search for easy-to-use indices that substitute for direct estimation of animal density is a common theme in wildlife and conservation science, but one fraught with well-known perils (Nichols & Conroy, 1996; Yoccoz, Nichols & Boulinier, 2001; Pollock et al., 2002). To establish the utility of an index as a substitute for an estimate of density, one must: (1) demonstrate a functional relationship between the index and density that is invariant over the desired scope of inference; (2) calibrate the functional relationship by obtaining independent measures of the index and the animal density; (3) evaluate the precision of the calibration (Diefenbach et al., 1994). Carbone et al. (2001) argue that the number of camera-days per photograph is a useful index of density for large, cryptic, forest-dwelling animals, and proceed to calibrate this index for tigers (Panthera tigris). We agree that a properly calibrated index may be useful for rapid assessments in conservation planning. However, Carbone et al. (2001), who desire to use their index as a substitute for density, do not adequately address the three elements noted above. Thus, we are concerned that others may view their methods as justification for not attempting directly to estimate animal densities, without due regard for the shortcomings of their approach.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Animal Conservation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1017/S1367943002002160","collaboration":"5901_Jennelle.pdf","usgsCitation":"Jennelle, C., Runge, M., and MacKenzie, D., 2002, The use of photographic rates to estimate densities of tigers and other cryptic mammals: a comment on misleading conclusions: Animal Conservation, v. 5, no. 2, p. 119-120, https://doi.org/10.1017/S1367943002002160.","productDescription":"119-120","startPage":"119","endPage":"120","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478590,"rank":201,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10316/11677","text":"External Repository"},{"id":199508,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":17578,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1367943002002160","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"5","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-02-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4e8b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jennelle, C.S.","contributorId":16953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jennelle","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Runge, M.C. 0000-0002-8081-536X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8081-536X","contributorId":49312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runge","given":"M.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"MacKenzie, D.I.","contributorId":69522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacKenzie","given":"D.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5224116,"text":"5224116 - 2002 - Role of selenium toxicity and oxidative stress in aquatic birds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:31","indexId":"5224116","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:54","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":874,"text":"Aquatic Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Role of selenium toxicity and oxidative stress in aquatic birds","docAbstract":"Adverse effects of selenium (Se) in wild aquatic birds have been documented as a consequence of pollution of the aquatic environment by subsurface agricultural drainwater and other sources. These effects include mortality, impaired reproduction with teratogenesis, reduced growth, histopathological lesions and alterations in hepatic glutathione metabolism. A review is provided, relating adverse biological effects of Se in aquatic birds to altered glutathione metabolism and oxidative stress. Laboratory studies, mainly with an organic form of Se, selenomethionine, have revealed oxidative stress in different stages of the mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) life cycle. As dietary and tissue concentrations of Se increase, increases in plasma and hepatic GSH peroxidase activities occur, followed by dose-dependent increases in the ratio of hepatic oxidized to reduced glutathione (GSSG:GSH) and ultimately hepatic lipid peroxidation measured as an increase in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). One or more of these oxidative effects were associated with teratogenesis (4.6 ppm wet weight Se in eggs), reduced growth in ducklings (15 ppm Se in liver), diminished immune function (5 ppm Se in liver) and histopathological lesions (29 ppm Se in liver) in adults. Manifestations of Serelated effects on glutathione metabolism were also apparent in field studies in seven species of aquatic birds. Reduced growth and possibly immune function but increased liver:body weight and hepatic GSSG:GSH ratios were apparent in American avocet (Recurvirostra americana) hatchlings from eggs containing 9 ppm Se. In blacknecked stilts (Himantopus mexicanus), which contained somewhat lower Se concentrations, a decrease in hepatic GSH was apparent with few other effects. In adult American coots (Fulica americana), signs of Se toxicosis included emaciation, abnormal feather loss and histopathological lesions. Mean liver concentrations of 28 ppm Se (ww) in the coots were associated with elevated hepatic GSH peroxidase, depletion of hepatic protein bound thiols and total thiols, but a small increase in GSH. Diving ducks in the San Francisco Bay area exhibited a positive correlation between hepatic Se concentration and GSH peroxidase activity (r=0.63, P<0.05), but a negative correlation between hepatic Se and GSH concentration (r=0.740, P<0.05). In willets (Catoptrophorus semipalmatus) from the San Diego area, positive correlations occurred between hepatic Se concentration and GSSG (r=0.70, P<0.001), GSSG:GSH ratio, and TBARS. In emperor geese (Chen canagica) from western Alaska, blood levels of up to 9.4 ppm occurred and were associated with increased plasma GSH peroxidase activity (r=0.62, P<0.001), but with decreased plasma GSSG reductase activity. When evaluating Se toxicity, interactive nutritional factors, including other elements and dietary protein, should also be taken into consideration. Further studies are needed to examine the relationship between different forms of environmentally occurring selenium, arsenic and mercury on reproduction, hepatotoxicity and immune function of aquatic birds. Further selenium nutritional interaction studies may also help to illucidate the mechanism of selenium induced teratogenesis, by optimizing GSH and other antioxidant defense mechanisms in a manner that would stabilize or raise the cell's threshold for susceptibility to toxic attack from excess selenium. It is concluded that Se-related manifestations of oxidative stress may serve as useful bioindicators of Se exposure and toxicity in wild aquatic birds.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Aquatic Toxicology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0166-445X(01)00263-6","collaboration":"5838_Hoffman.pdf","usgsCitation":"Hoffman, D.J., 2002, Role of selenium toxicity and oxidative stress in aquatic birds: Aquatic Toxicology, v. 57, no. 1, p. 11-26, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-445X(01)00263-6.","productDescription":"11-26","startPage":"11","endPage":"26","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201488,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":17514,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0166-445X(01)00263-6","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"57","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ee4b07f02db5fe1e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoffman, D. J.","contributorId":12801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5224133,"text":"5224133 - 2002 - The importance of functional form in optimal control solutions of problems in population dynamics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-29T19:57:17.547467","indexId":"5224133","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:54","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The importance of functional form in optimal control solutions of problems in population dynamics","docAbstract":"Optimal control theory is finding increased application in both theoretical and applied ecology, and it is a central element of adaptive resource management. One of the steps in an adaptive management process is to develop alternative models of system dynamics, models that are all reasonable in light of available data, but that differ substantially in their implications for optimal control of the resource. We explored how the form of the recruitment and survival functions in a general population model for ducks affected the patterns in the optimal harvest strategy, using a combination of analytical, numerical, and simulation techniques. We compared three relationships between recruitment and population density (linear, exponential, and hyperbolic) and three relationships between survival during the nonharvest season and population density (constant, logistic, and one related to the compensatory harvest mortality hypothesis). We found that the form of the component functions had a dramatic influence on the optimal harvest strategy and the ultimate equilibrium state of the system. For instance, while it is commonly assumed that a compensatory hypothesis leads to higher optimal harvest rates than an additive hypothesis, we found this to depend on the form of the recruitment function, in part because of differences in the optimal steady-state population density. This work has strong direct consequences for those developing alternative models to describe harvested systems, but it is relevant to a larger class of problems applying optimal control at the population level. Often, different functional forms will not be statistically distinguishable in the range of the data. Nevertheless, differences between the functions outside the range of the data can have an important impact on the optimal harvest strategy. Thus, development of alternative models by identifying a single functional form, then choosing different parameter combinations from extremes on the likelihood profile may end up producing alternatives that do not differ as importantly as if different functional forms had been used. We recommend that biological knowledge be used to bracket a range of possible functional forms, and robustness of conclusions be checked over this range.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1890/0012-9658(2002)083[1357:TIOFFI]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Runge, M., and Johnson, F., 2002, The importance of functional form in optimal control solutions of problems in population dynamics: Ecology, v. 83, no. 5, p. 1357-1371, https://doi.org/10.1890/0012-9658(2002)083[1357:TIOFFI]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1357","endPage":"1371","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201862,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"83","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db611c0c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Runge, M.C. 0000-0002-8081-536X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8081-536X","contributorId":49312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runge","given":"M.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Fred A.","contributorId":93863,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Fred A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5224374,"text":"5224374 - 2002 - Quantifying vegetation and nekton response to tidal restoration of a New England salt marsh","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-16T16:10:58.165914","indexId":"5224374","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:39","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3271,"text":"Restoration Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantifying vegetation and nekton response to tidal restoration of a New England salt marsh","docAbstract":"Tidal flow to salt marshes throughout the northeastern United States is often restricted by roads, dikes, impoundments, and inadequately sized culverts or bridge openings, resulting in altered ecological structure and function. In this study we evaluated the response of vegetation and nekton (fishes and decapod crustaceans) to restoration of full tidal flow to a portion of the Sachuest Point salt marsh, Middletown, Rhode Island. A before, after, control, impact study design was used, including evaluations of the tide-restricted marsh, the same marsh after reintroduction of tidal flow (i.e., tide-restored marsh), and an unrestricted control marsh. Before tidal restoration vegetation of the 3.7-ha tide-restricted marsh was dominated by Phragmites australis and was significantly different from the adjacent 6.3-ha Spartina-dominated unrestricted control marsh (analysis of similarities randomization test, p < 0.001). After one growing season vegetation of the tide-restored marsh had changed from its pre-restoration condition (analysis of similarities randomization test, p < 0.005). Although not similar to the unrestricted control marsh, Spartina patens and S. alterniflora abundance increased and abundance and height of Phragmites significantly declined, suggesting a convergence toward typical New England salt marsh vegetation. Before restoration shallow water habitat (creeks and pools) of the unrestricted control marsh supported a greater density of nekton compared with the tide-restricted marsh (analysis of variance, p < 0.001), but after one season of restored tidal flow nekton density was equivalent. A similar trend was documented for nekton species richness. Nekton density and species richness from marsh surface samples were similar between the tide-restored marsh and unrestricted control marsh. Fundulus heteroclitus and Palaemonetes pugio were the numerically dominant fish and decapod species in all sampled habitats. This study provides an example of a quantitative approach for assessing the response of vegetation and nekton to tidal restoration.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1046/j.1526-100X.2002.01036.x","usgsCitation":"Roman, C., Raposa, K.B., Adamowicz, S.C., James-Pirri, M., and Catena, J.G., 2002, Quantifying vegetation and nekton response to tidal restoration of a New England salt marsh: Restoration Ecology, v. 10, no. 3, p. 450-460, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1526-100X.2002.01036.x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"450","endPage":"460","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":486937,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/nrs_facpubs/734","text":"External Repository"},{"id":202294,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Rhode Island","otherGeospatial":"Sachuest Point Salt Marsh","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.25268936157227,\n 41.47919701845492\n ],\n [\n -71.2379264831543,\n 41.47919701845492\n ],\n [\n -71.2379264831543,\n 41.49404954714209\n ],\n [\n -71.25268936157227,\n 41.49404954714209\n ],\n [\n -71.25268936157227,\n 41.47919701845492\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"10","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-08-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a87e4b07f02db64e6cb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roman, Charles T.","contributorId":28171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roman","given":"Charles T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Raposa, Kenneth B.","contributorId":208064,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Raposa","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":37702,"text":"Narragansett Bay Naitonal Estuarine Research Reserve, Prudence Island, RI","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":341466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Adamowicz, Susan C.","contributorId":174712,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Adamowicz","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":341462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"James-Pirri, Mary-Jane","contributorId":16147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"James-Pirri","given":"Mary-Jane","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Catena, J. G.","contributorId":33819,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Catena","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":5224373,"text":"5224373 - 2002 - Indicators of wetland condition for the Prairie Pothole Region of the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-16T09:43:56","indexId":"5224373","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:39","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1552,"text":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","onlineIssn":"1573-2959","printIssn":"0167-6369","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Indicators of wetland condition for the Prairie Pothole Region of the United States","docAbstract":"We describe a study designed to evaluate the performance ofwetland condition indicators of the Prairie Pothole Region (PPR)of the north central United States. Basin and landscape scaleindicators were tested in 1992 and 1993 to determine theirability to discriminate between the influences of grasslanddominated and cropland dominated landscapes in the PPR. Pairedplots were selected from each of the major regions of the PPR.Among the landscape scale indicators tested, those most capableof distinguishing between the two landscapes were: 1) frequencyof drained wetland basins, 2) total length of drainage ditch perplot, 3) amount of exposed soil in the upland subject to erosion,4) indices of change in area of wetland covered by water, and5) number of breeding duck pairs. Basin scale indicators includingsoil phosphorus concentrations and invertebrate taxa richnessshowed some promise; however, plant species richness was the onlystatistically significant basin scale indicator distinguishinggrassland dominated from cropland dominated landscapes. Althoughour study found a number of promising candidate indicators, oneof our conclusions is that basin scale indicators present anumber of implementation problems, including: skill levelrequirements, site access denials, and recession of site accessby landowners. Alternatively, we suggest that the use oflandscape indicators based on remote sensing can be an effectivemeans of assessing wetland integrity.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1023/A:1019982818231","usgsCitation":"Guntenspergen, G.R., Peterson, S., Leibowitz, S., and Cowardin, L., 2002, Indicators of wetland condition for the Prairie Pothole Region of the United States: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v. 78, no. 3, p. 229-252, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1019982818231.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"229","endPage":"252","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201471,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"78","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ae025","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Guntenspergen, Glenn R. 0000-0002-8593-0244 glenn_guntenspergen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8593-0244","contributorId":2885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guntenspergen","given":"Glenn","email":"glenn_guntenspergen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":341459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peterson, S.A.","contributorId":98666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Leibowitz, S.G.","contributorId":66635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leibowitz","given":"S.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cowardin, L.M.","contributorId":106435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cowardin","given":"L.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":5224369,"text":"5224369 - 2002 - Determining the trophic guilds of fishes and macroinvertebrates in a seagrass food web","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-10T16:52:56.937746","indexId":"5224369","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:39","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1583,"text":"Estuaries","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determining the trophic guilds of fishes and macroinvertebrates in a seagrass food web","docAbstract":"We established trophic guilds of macroinvertebrate and fish taxa using correspondence analysis and a hierarchical clustering strategy for a seagrass food web in winter in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico. To create the diet matrix, we characterized the trophic linkages of macroinvertebrate and fish taxa. present in Hatodule wrightii seagrass habitat areas within the St. Marks National Wildlife Refuge (Florida) using binary data, combining dietary links obtained from relevant literature for macroinvertebrates with stomach analysis of common fishes collected during January and February of 1994. Heirarchical average-linkage cluster analysis of the 73 taxa of fishes and macroinvertebrates in the diet matrix yielded 14 clusters with diet similarity greater than or equal to 0.60. We then used correspondence analysis with three factors to jointly plot the coordinates of the consumers (identified by cluster membership) and of the 33 food sources. Correspondence analysis served as a visualization tool for assigning each taxon to one of eight trophic guilds: herbivores, detritivores, suspension feeders, omnivores, molluscivores, meiobenthos consumers, macrobenthos consumers, and piscivores. These trophic groups, cross-classified with major taxonomic groups, were further used to develop consumer compartments in a network analysis model of carbon flow in this seagrass ecosystem. The method presented here should greatly improve the development of future network models of food webs by providing an objective procedure for aggregating trophic groups.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF02692212","usgsCitation":"Luczkovich, J., Ward, G., Johnson, J.C., Christian, R., Baird, D., Neckles, H., and Rizzo, W., 2002, Determining the trophic guilds of fishes and macroinvertebrates in a seagrass food web: Estuaries, v. 25, no. 6A, p. 1143-1163, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02692212.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"1143","endPage":"1163","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203102,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"St. Marks National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -84.44847106933594,\n 30.034027713362217\n ],\n [\n -84.3804931640625,\n 30.034027713362217\n ],\n [\n -84.3804931640625,\n 30.073847754270204\n ],\n [\n -84.44847106933594,\n 30.073847754270204\n ],\n [\n -84.44847106933594,\n 30.034027713362217\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"25","issue":"6A","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db66739e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Luczkovich, J.J.","contributorId":35436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luczkovich","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ward, G.P.","contributorId":58748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ward","given":"G.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, James C.","contributorId":78364,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Christian, R.R.","contributorId":8593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christian","given":"R.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Baird, D.","contributorId":57194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baird","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Neckles, H.","contributorId":65204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neckles","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Rizzo, W.M.","contributorId":104849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rizzo","given":"W.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":5224377,"text":"5224377 - 2002 - Can non-breeding be a cost of breeding dispersal?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:33","indexId":"5224377","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:39","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":982,"text":"Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Can non-breeding be a cost of breeding dispersal?","docAbstract":"Breeding habitat selection and dispersal are crucial processes that affect many components of fitness. Breeding dispersal entails costs, one of which has been neglected: dispersing animals may miss breeding opportunities because breeding dispersal requires finding a new nesting site and mate, two time- and energy-consuming activities. Dispersers are expected to be prone to non-breeding. We used the kittiwake (Rissa tridactyla) to test whether breeding dispersal influences breeding probability. Breeding probability was associated with dispersal, in that both were negatively influenced by private information (previous individual reproductive success) and public information (average reproductive success of conspecifics) about patch quality. Furthermore, the probability of skipping breeding was 1.7 times higher in birds that settled in a new patch relative to those that remained on the same patch. Finally, non-breeders that resumed breeding were 4.4 times more likely to disperse than birds that bred in successive years. Although private information may influence breeding probability directly, the link between breeding probability and public information may be indirect, through the influence of public information on breeding dispersal, non-breeding thus being a cost of dispersal. These results support the hypothesis that dispersal may result in not being able to breed. More generally, non-breeding (which can be interpreted as an extreme form of breeding failure) may reveal costs of various previous activities. Because monitoring the non-breeding portion of a population is difficult, non-breeders have been neglected in many studies of reproduction trade-offs. ","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00265-001-0423-5","usgsCitation":"Danchin, E., and Cam, E., 2002, Can non-breeding be a cost of breeding dispersal?: Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, v. 51, no. 2, p. 153-163, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00265-001-0423-5.","productDescription":"153-163","startPage":"153","endPage":"163","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201864,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":17082,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00265-001-0423-5","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"51","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a03e4b07f02db5f8274","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Danchin, E.","contributorId":89635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Danchin","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cam, E.","contributorId":12952,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cam","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5224235,"text":"5224235 - 2002 - Re-evaluating Bay-breasted Warbler breeding range: Nine-years presence in Lower Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-17T15:49:10.308063","indexId":"5224235","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:39","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3783,"text":"The Wilson Bulletin","printIssn":"0043-5643","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Re-evaluating Bay-breasted Warbler breeding range: Nine-years presence in Lower Michigan","docAbstract":"he breeding range of the Bay-breasted Warbler (Dendroica castanea) is thought to include only the northernmost portions of six northeastern and northcentral states in the United States. During a 10-year banding study of Kirtland's Warblers (Dendroica kirtlandii) in northern Lower Michigan, we caught 44 Bay-breasted Warblers outside of their reported migration dates during 9 of the 10 years. Two birds captured in 1997 were in breeding condition; one possessed a cloacal protuberance and the other a full brood patch. We also captured two hatching year birds with fleshy rictal flanges in 1997. We suggest that these records indicate a long term presence of Bay-breasted Warblers on breeding grounds considerably farther south than previously recorded.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wilson Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1676/0043-5643(2002)114[0415:RETBBW]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Ellison, K., Sykes, P.W., and Bocetti, C.I., 2002, Re-evaluating Bay-breasted Warbler breeding range: Nine-years presence in Lower Michigan: The Wilson Bulletin, v. 114, no. 3, p. 415-416, https://doi.org/10.1676/0043-5643(2002)114[0415:RETBBW]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"415","endPage":"416","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197871,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -84.814453125,\n 44.15068115978094\n ],\n [\n -83.29833984375,\n 44.15068115978094\n ],\n [\n -83.29833984375,\n 45.259422036351694\n ],\n [\n -84.814453125,\n 45.259422036351694\n ],\n [\n -84.814453125,\n 44.15068115978094\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"114","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a53e4b07f02db62b7fb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ellison, Kevin","contributorId":208254,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ellison","given":"Kevin","affiliations":[{"id":37767,"text":"World Wildlife Fund","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":340992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sykes, Paul W.","contributorId":214917,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sykes","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bocetti, Carol I.","contributorId":60343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bocetti","given":"Carol","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5224209,"text":"5224209 - 2002 - Estimating state-transition probabilities for unobservable states using capture-recapture/resighting data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-29T20:36:59.828982","indexId":"5224209","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:29","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating state-transition probabilities for unobservable states using capture-recapture/resighting data","docAbstract":"Temporary emigration was identified some time ago as causing potential problems in capture-recapture studies, and in the last five years approaches have been developed for dealing with special cases of this general problem. Temporary emigration can be viewed more generally as involving transitions to and from an unobservable state, and frequently the state itself is one of biological interest (e.g., 'nonbreeder'). Development of models that permit estimation of relevant parameters in the presence of an unobservable state requires either extra information (e.g., as supplied by Pollock's robust design) or the following classes of model constraints: reducing the order of Markovian transition probabilities, imposing a degree of determinism on transition probabilities, removing state specificity of survival probabilities, and imposing temporal constancy of parameters. The objective of the work described in this paper is to investigate estimability of model parameters under a variety of models that include an unobservable state. Beginning with a very general model and no extra information, we used numerical methods to systematically investigate the use of ancillary information and constraints to yield models that are useful for estimation. The result is a catalog of models for which estimation is possible. An example analysis of sea turtle capture-recapture data under two different models showed similar point estimates but increased precision for the model that incorporated ancillary data (the robust design) when compared to the model with deterministic transitions only. This comparison and the results of our numerical investigation of model structures lead to design suggestions for capture-recapture studies in the presence of an unobservable state.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1890/0012-9658(2002)083[3276:ESTPFU]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Kendall, W., and Nichols, J., 2002, Estimating state-transition probabilities for unobservable states using capture-recapture/resighting data: Ecology, v. 83, no. 12, p. 3276-3284, https://doi.org/10.1890/0012-9658(2002)083[3276:ESTPFU]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"3276","endPage":"3284","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201490,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Antigua and Barbuda","otherGeospatial":"Long Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -61.767196655273445,\n 17.147351748174778\n ],\n [\n -61.744537353515625,\n 17.147351748174778\n ],\n [\n -61.744537353515625,\n 17.163426087651086\n ],\n [\n -61.767196655273445,\n 17.163426087651086\n ],\n [\n -61.767196655273445,\n 17.147351748174778\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"83","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc83e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kendall, W. L. 0000-0003-0084-9891","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0084-9891","contributorId":32880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"W. L.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":340909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nichols, J.D. 0000-0002-7631-2890","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":14332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5224196,"text":"5224196 - 2002 - Narrowing historical uncertainty: probabilistic classification of ambiguously identified tree species in historical forest survey data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:31","indexId":"5224196","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:29","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1478,"text":"Ecosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Narrowing historical uncertainty: probabilistic classification of ambiguously identified tree species in historical forest survey data","docAbstract":"Historical data have increasingly become appreciated for insight into the past conditions of ecosystems. Uses of such data include assessing the extent of ecosystem change; deriving ecological baselines for management, restoration, and modeling; and assessing the importance of past conditions on the composition and function of current systems. One historical data set of this type is the Public Land Survey (PLS) of the United States General Land Office, which contains data on multiple tree species, sizes, and distances recorded at each survey point, located at half-mile (0.8 km) intervals on a 1-mi (1.6 km) grid. This survey method was begun in the 1790s on US federal lands extending westward from Ohio. Thus, the data have the potential of providing a view of much of the US landscape from the mid-1800s, and they have been used extensively for this purpose. However, historical data sources, such as those describing the species composition of forests, can often be limited in the detail recorded and the reliability of the data, since the information was often not originally recorded for ecological purposes. Forest trees are sometimes recorded ambiguously, using generic or obscure common names. For the PLS data of northern Wisconsin, USA, we developed a method to classify ambiguously identified tree species using logistic regression analysis, using data on trees that were clearly identified to species and a set of independent predictor variables to build the models. The models were first created on partial data sets for each species and then tested for fit against the remaining data. Validations were conducted using repeated, random subsets of the data. Model prediction accuracy ranged from 81% to 96% in differentiating congeneric species among oak, pine, ash, maple, birch, and elm. Major predictor variables were tree size, associated species, landscape classes indicative of soil type, and spatial location within the study region. Results help to clarify ambiguities formerly present in maps of historic ecosystems for the region and can be applied to PLS datasets elsewhere, as well as other sources of ambiguous historical data. Mapping the newly classified data with ecological land units provides additional information on the distribution, abundance, and associations of tree species, as well as their relationships to environmental gradients before the industrial period, and clarifies the identities of species formerly mapped only to genus. We offer some caveats on the appropriate use of data derived in this way, as well as describing their potential.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecosystems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"5952_Mladenoff.pdf","usgsCitation":"Mladenoff, D., Dahir, S., Nordheim, E., Schulte, L., and Guntenspergen, G., 2002, Narrowing historical uncertainty: probabilistic classification of ambiguously identified tree species in historical forest survey data: Ecosystems, v. 5, p. 539-553.","productDescription":"539-553","startPage":"539","endPage":"553","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202293,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b02e4b07f02db6989f4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mladenoff, D.J.","contributorId":18881,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mladenoff","given":"D.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dahir, S.E.","contributorId":31878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dahir","given":"S.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nordheim, E.V.","contributorId":97222,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nordheim","given":"E.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schulte, L.A.","contributorId":10131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schulte","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Guntenspergen, G.R. 0000-0002-8593-0244","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8593-0244","contributorId":95424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guntenspergen","given":"G.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":5224372,"text":"5224372 - 2002 - Producing progeny from endangered birds of prey: Treatment of urine-contaminated semen and a novel intramagnal insemination approach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-15T20:08:03","indexId":"5224372","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2514,"text":"Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Producing progeny from endangered birds of prey: Treatment of urine-contaminated semen and a novel intramagnal insemination approach","docAbstract":"Wild raptors brought into an ex situ environment often have poor semen quality that is further compromised by urine contamination. Generally, it is believed that in birds, artificial insemination into the cloaca or caudal vagina of females requires large doses of high-quality spermatozoa to maximize fertility. In an effort to define and overcome some of the challenges associated with reproduction in wild raptors, the objectives of this study were to 1) evaluate the frequency, impact, and remediation of urine contamination in fresh ejaculates for the purpose of maintaining sperm motility and viability in vitro, and 2) develop a deep insemination method that allows low numbers of washed sperm to be placed directly into the magnum to increase the probability of producing fertilized eggs. The species evaluated include golden eagle (Aquila chrysoetos), imperial eagle (A. adalberti), Bonelli's eagle (Hiernaetus fasciatus), and peregrine, falcon (Falco peregrinus). Semen samples were collected and pooled by species, and a minimum of 25 pooled ejaculates per species were evaluated for urine contamination, pH, sperm viability, and sperm motility; the samples were either unwashed or washed in neutral (pH 7.0) or alkaline (pH 8.0) modified Lake's diluent. Female golden eagles and peregrine falcons were inseminated via transjunctional, intramagnal insemination with washed spermatozoa from urine-contaminated samples. Urine contamination occurred in 36.8 +/- 12.8% (mean +/- SEM) golden eagle, 43.1 +/- 9.1% imperial eagle, 28.7 +/- 16.1% Bonelli's eagle, and 48.2 +/- 17.3% peregrine falcon ejaculates. The pH in urine-contaminated semen samples ranged from 6.48 +/- 0.3 to 6.86 +/- 0.2, and in noncontaminated samples it ranged from from 7.17 +/- 0.1 to 7.56 +/- 0.1. Sperm viability and motility were reduced (P < 0.05) in all species for unwashed vs. washed sperm after 30 min incubation at room temperature. Two peregrine falcon chicks and one golden eagle chick hatched after intramagnal insemination. This study demonstrates that urine contamination, a common and lethal acidifier in manually collected raptor ejaculates, can be circumvented by immediate, gentle seminal washing. Furthermore, these processed sperm, when deposited by transjunctional intramagnal insemination, can produce live young.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1638/1042-7260(2002)033[0001:PPFEBO]2.0.CO;2","collaboration":"6243_Blanco.pdf","usgsCitation":"Blanco, J., Gee, G., Wildt, D., and Donoghue, A., 2002, Producing progeny from endangered birds of prey: Treatment of urine-contaminated semen and a novel intramagnal insemination approach: Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine, v. 33, no. 1, p. 1-7, https://doi.org/10.1638/1042-7260(2002)033[0001:PPFEBO]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"1-7","startPage":"1","endPage":"7","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":269408,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1638/1042-7260(2002)033[0001:PPFEBO]2.0.CO;2"},{"id":202276,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"33","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9be4b07f02db65e490","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blanco, J.M.","contributorId":50257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blanco","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gee, G.F.","contributorId":70335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gee","given":"G.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wildt, D.E.","contributorId":106610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wildt","given":"D.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Donoghue, A.M.","contributorId":46653,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Donoghue","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":5211155,"text":"5211155 - 2002 - Occam's shadow: levels of analysis in evolutionary ecology - where to next?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-19T20:39:00","indexId":"5211155","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2173,"text":"Journal of Applied Statistics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Occam's shadow: levels of analysis in evolutionary ecology - where to next?","docAbstract":"Evolutionary ecology is the study of evolutionary processes, and the ecological conditions that influence them. A fundamental paradigm underlying the study of evolution is natural selection. Although there are a variety of operational definitions for natural selection in the literature, perhaps the most general one is that which characterizes selection as the process whereby heritable variation in fitness associated with variation in one or more phenotypic traits leads to intergenerational change in the frequency distribution of those traits. The past 20 years have witnessed a marked increase in the precision and reliability of our ability to estimate one or more components of fitness and characterize natural selection in wild populations, owing particularly to significant advances in methods for analysis of data from marked individuals. In this paper, we focus on several issues that we believe are important considerations for the application and development of these methods in the context of addressing questions in evolutionary ecology. First, our traditional approach to estimation often rests upon analysis of aggregates of individuals, which in the wild may reflect increasingly non-random (selected) samples with respect to the trait(s) of interest. In some cases, analysis at the aggregate level, rather than the individual level, may obscure important patterns. While there are a growing number of analytical tools available to estimate parameters at the individual level, and which can cope (to varying degrees) with progressive selection of the sample, the advent of new methods does not reduce the need to consider carefully the appropriate level of analysis in the first place. Estimation should be motivated a priori by strong theoretical analysis. Doing so provides clear guidance, in terms of both (i) assisting in the identification of realistic and meaningful models to include in the candidate model set, and (ii) providing the appropriate context under which the results are interpreted. Second, while it is true that selection (as defined) operates at the level of the individual, the selection gradient is often (if not generally) conditional on the abundance of the population. As such, it may be important to consider estimating transition rates conditional on both the parameter values of the other individuals in the population (or at least their distribution), and population abundance. This will undoubtedly pose a considerable challenge, for both single- and multi-strata applications. It will also require renewed consideration of the estimation of abundance, especially for open populations. Thirdly, selection typically operates on dynamic, individually varying traits. Such estimation may require characterizing fitness in terms of individual plasticity in one or more state variables, constituting analysis of the norms of reaction of individuals to variable environments. This can be quite complex, especially for traits that are under facultative control. Recent work has indicated that the pattern of selection on such traits is conditional on the relative rates of movement among and frequency of spatially heterogeneous habitats, suggesting analyses of evolution of life histories in open populations can be misleading in some cases.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Applied Statistics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor and Francis","doi":"10.1080/02664760120108421","collaboration":"EURING 2000 Conference, Point Reyes, California, October 1-7. PDF on file: 5821 Cooch.pdf","usgsCitation":"Cooch, E., Cam, E., and Link, W., 2002, Occam's shadow: levels of analysis in evolutionary ecology - where to next?: Journal of Applied Statistics, v. 29, no. 1-4, p. 19-48, https://doi.org/10.1080/02664760120108421.","startPage":"19","endPage":"48","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203224,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267821,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02664760120108421"}],"volume":"29","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-05-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db6492ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cooch, E.G.","contributorId":40932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooch","given":"E.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cam, E.","contributorId":12952,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cam","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Link, W.A. 0000-0002-9913-0256","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9913-0256","contributorId":8815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Link","given":"W.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70242834,"text":"70242834 - 2002 - Kelp forest ecosystems: Biodiversity, stability, resilience and future","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-19T16:50:50.126019","indexId":"70242834","displayToPublicDate":"2003-02-19T11:43:46","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1531,"text":"Environmental Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Kelp forest ecosystems: Biodiversity, stability, resilience and future","docAbstract":"Kelp forests are phyletically diverse, structurally complex and highly productive components of coldwater rocky marine coastlines. This paper reviews the conditions in which kelp forests develop globally and where, why and at what rate they become deforested. The ecology and long archaeological history of kelp forests are examined through case studies from southern California, the Aleutian Islands and the western North Atlantic, well-studied locations that represent the widest possible range in kelp forest biodiversity. Global distribution of kelp forests is physiologically constrained by light at high latitudes and by nutrients, warm temperatures and other macrophytes at low latitudes. Within mid-latitude belts (roughly 40–60° latitude in both hemispheres) well-developed kelp forests are most threatened by herbivory, usually from sea urchins. Overfishing and extirpation of highly valued vertebrate apex predators often triggered herbivore population increases, leading to widespread kelp deforestation. Such deforestations have the most profound and lasting impacts on species-depauperate systems, such as those in Alaska and the western North Atlantic. Globally urchin-induced deforestation has been increasing over the past 2–3 decades. Continued fishing down of coastal food webs has resulted in shifting harvesting targets from apex predators to their invertebrate prey, including kelp-grazing herbivores. The recent global expansion of sea urchin harvesting has led to the widespread extirpation of this herbivore, and kelp forests have returned in some locations but, for the first time, these forests are devoid of vertebrate apex predators. In the western North Atlantic, large predatory crabs have recently filled this void and they have become the new apex predator in this system. Similar shifts from fish- to crab-dominance may have occurred in coastal zones of the United Kingdom and Japan, where large predatory finfish were extirpated long ago. Three North American case studies of kelp forests were examined to determine their long history with humans and project the status of future kelp forests to the year 2025. Fishing impacts on kelp forest systems have been both profound and much longer in duration than previously thought. Archaeological data suggest that coastal peoples exploited kelp forest organisms for thousands of years, occasionally resulting in localized losses of apex predators, outbreaks of sea urchin populations and probably small-scale deforestation. Over the past two centuries, commercial exploitation for export led to the extirpation of sea urchin predators, such as the sea otter in the North Pacific and predatory fishes like the cod in the North Atlantic. The large-scale removal of predators for export markets increased sea urchin abundances and promoted the decline of kelp forests over vast areas. Despite southern California having one of the longest known associations with coastal kelp forests, widespread deforestation is rare. It is possible that functional redundancies among predators and herbivores make this most diverse system most stable. Such biodiverse kelp forests may also resist invasion from non-native species. In the species-depauperate western North Atlantic, introduced algal competitors carpet the benthos and threaten future kelp dominance. There, other non-native herbivores and predators have become established and dominant components of this system. Climate changes have had measurable impacts on kelp forest ecosystems and efforts to control the emission of greenhouse gasses should be a global priority. However, overfishing appears to be the greatest manageable threat to kelp forest ecosystems over the 2025 time horizon. Management should focus on minimizing fishing impacts and restoring populations of functionally important species in these systems.
","language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","doi":"10.1017/S0376892902000322","usgsCitation":"Steneck, R.S., Graham, M.H., Bourque, B.J., Corbett, D., Erlandson, J.M., Estes, J.A., and Tegner, M.J., 2002, Kelp forest ecosystems: Biodiversity, stability, resilience and future: Environmental Conservation, v. 29, no. 4, p. 436-459, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0376892902000322.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"436","endPage":"459","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":416014,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-02-19","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Steneck, Robert S.","contributorId":55211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steneck","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":869920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Graham, Michael H.","contributorId":42785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graham","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":869921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bourque, Bruce J.","contributorId":12698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bourque","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":869922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Corbett, Debbie","contributorId":304251,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Corbett","given":"Debbie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":869923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Erlandson, Jon M.","contributorId":68114,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Erlandson","given":"Jon","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":7025,"text":"Museum of Natural and Cultural History, University of Oregon","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":869924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Estes, James A. jim_estes@usgs.gov","contributorId":53325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Estes","given":"James","email":"jim_estes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6949,"text":"University of California, Santa Cruz","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":869925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Tegner, M. J.","contributorId":102029,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tegner","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":869926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":44934,"text":"wri20024292 - 2002 - Estimates of median flows for streams on the Kansas surface water register","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":44934,"text":"wri20024292 - 2002 - Estimates of median flows for streams on the Kansas surface water register","indexId":"wri20024292","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"displayTitle":"Estimates of Median Flows for Streams on the Kansas Surface Water Register","title":"Estimates of median flows for streams on the Kansas surface water register"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":55232,"text":"sir20045032 - 2004 - Estimates of median flows for streams on the 1999 Kansas Surface Water Register","indexId":"sir20045032","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"title":"Estimates of median flows for streams on the 1999 Kansas Surface Water Register"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":55232,"text":"sir20045032 - 2004 - Estimates of median flows for streams on the 1999 Kansas Surface Water Register","indexId":"sir20045032","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"title":"Estimates of median flows for streams on the 1999 Kansas Surface Water Register"},"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-28T10:09:50","indexId":"wri20024292","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4292","displayTitle":"Estimates of Median Flows for Streams on the Kansas Surface Water Register","title":"Estimates of median flows for streams on the Kansas surface water register","docAbstract":"The Kansas State Legislature, by enacting Kansas Statute KSA 82a-2001 et. seq., mandated the criteria for determining which Kansas stream segments would be subject to classification by the State. One criterion for the selection as a classified stream segment is based on the statistic of median flow being equal to or greater than 1 cubic foot per second. As specified by KSA 82a-2001 et. seq., median flows were determined from U.S. Geological Survey streamflow-gaging-station data by using the most-recent 10-years of gaged data (KSA) for each streamflow-gaging station. Median flows also were determined by using gaged data from the entire period of record (all-available hydrology, AAH).
Least-squares multiple regression techniques were used, along with Tobit analyses, to develop equations for estimating median flows for uncontrolled stream segments. The drainage area of the uncontrolled gaging stations used in the regression analyses ranged from 2.06 to 12,004 square miles. A logarithmic transformation of the data was needed to develop the best linear relation for computing median flows. In the regression analyses, the significant climatic and basin characteristics, in order of importance, were drainage area, mean annual precipitation, mean basin permeability, and mean basin slope. Tobit analyses of KSA data yielded a root mean square error of 0.285 logarithmic units, and the best equations using Tobit analyses of AAH data had a root mean square error of 0.247 logarithmic units.
These equations and an interpolation procedure were used to compute median flows for the uncontrolled stream segments on the Kansas Surface Water Register. Measured median flows from gaging stations were incorporated into the regression-estimated median flows along the stream segments where available. The segments that were uncontrolled were interpolated using gaged data weighted according to the drainage area and the bias between the regression-estimated and gaged flow information. On controlled reaches of Kansas streams, the median flow information was interpolated between gaging stations using only gaged data weighted by drainage area.
Of the 2,232 total stream segments on the Kansas Surface Water Register, 30 percent of the segments had an estimated median streamflow of less than 1 cubic foot per second when the KSA analysis was used. When the AAH analysis was used, 40 percent of the segments had an estimated median streamflow of less than 1 cubic foot per second.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri20024292","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Kansas Department of Health and Environment","usgsCitation":"Perry, C.A., Wolock, D.M., and Artman, J.C., 2002, Estimates of median flows for streams on the Kansas surface water register (Superseded by SIR 2004-5032): U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4292, vi, 107 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri20024292.","productDescription":"vi, 107 p.","numberOfPages":"114","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":360235,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2002/4292/wrir20024292.pdf","text":"Report","size":"29.0 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRIR 2002–4292"},{"id":134549,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2002/4292/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","edition":"Superseded by SIR 2004-5032","contact":"Director, Kansas Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
1217 Biltmore Drive
Lawrence, KS 66049
We used a combined field and modeling approach to estimate the potential for submergence for one rapidly deteriorating (Bayou Chitigue Marsh) and one apparently stable (Old Oyster Bayou Marsh) saltmarsh wetland in coastal Louisiana, given two eustatic sea level rise scenarios: the current rate (0.15 cm year−1); and the central value predicted by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (48 cm by the year 2100). We also used the model to determine what processes were most critical for maintaining and influencing salt marsh elevation including, mineral matter deposition, organic matter production, shallow subsidence (organic matter decomposition + primary sediment compaction), deep subsidence, and sediment pulsing events (e.g., hurricanes). Eight years of field measurements from feldspar marker horizons and surface elevation tables revealed that the rates of vertical accretion at the Bayou Chitigue Marsh were high (2.26 (0.09) cm yr−1 (mean ± SE)) because the marsh exists at the lower end of the tidal range. The rate of shallow subsidence was also high (2.04 (0.1) cm yr−1), resulting in little net elevation gain (0.22 (0.06) cm yr−1). In contrast, vertical accretion at the Old Oyster Bayou Marsh, which is 10 cm higher in elevation, was 0.48 (0.09) cm yr−1. However, there was a net elevation gain of 0.36 (0.08) cm yr−1 because there was no significant shallow subsidence. When these rates of elevation gain were compared to rates of relative sea level rise (deep subsidence plus eustatic sea level rise), both sites showed a net elevation deficit although the Bayou Chitigue site was subsiding at approximately twice the rate of the Old Oyster Bayou site (1.1 cm yr−1 versus 0.49 cm yr−1 respectively). These field data were used to modify, initialize, and calibrate a previously published wetland soil development model that simulates primary production and mineral matter deposition as, feedback functions of elevation. Sensitivity analyses revealed that wetland elevation was most sensitive to changes in the rates of deep subsidence, a model forcing function that is difficult to measure in the field and for which estimates in the literature vary widely. The model also revealed that, given both the current rate of sea level rise and the central value estimate, surface elevation at both sites would fall below mean sea level over the next 100 years. Although these results were in agreement with the field study, they contradicted long term observations that the Old Oyster Bayou site has been in equilibrium with sea level for at least the past 50 years. Further simulations showed that the elevation at the Old Oyster Bayou site could keep pace with current rates of sea level rise if either a lower rate for deep subsidence was used as a forcing function, or if a periodic sediment pulsing function (e.g., from hurricanes) was programmed into the model.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF02691346","usgsCitation":"Rybczyk, J., and Cahoon, D.R., 2002, Estimating the potential for submergence for two wetlands in the Mississippi River Delta: Estuaries, v. 25, no. 5, p. 985-998, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02691346.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"985","endPage":"998","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":364777,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Bayou Chitigue, Mississippi river Delta Plain, Old Oyster Bayou","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.40625,\n 28.97450653430241\n ],\n [\n -90.5548095703125,\n 28.97450653430241\n ],\n [\n -90.5548095703125,\n 29.616445727622548\n ],\n [\n -91.40625,\n 29.616445727622548\n ],\n [\n -91.40625,\n 28.97450653430241\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"25","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rybczyk, J.M.","contributorId":41796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rybczyk","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":764516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cahoon, Donald R. 0000-0002-2591-5667 dcahoon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2591-5667","contributorId":3791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cahoon","given":"Donald","email":"dcahoon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":764517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70181781,"text":"70181781 - 2002 - Vulnerability assessment of a port and harbor community to earthquake and tsunami hazards: Integrating technical expert and stakeholder input","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-14T07:58:49","indexId":"70181781","displayToPublicDate":"2002-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2823,"text":"Natural Hazards Review","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Vulnerability assessment of a port and harbor community to earthquake and tsunami hazards: Integrating technical expert and stakeholder input","docAbstract":"Research suggests that the Pacific Northwest could experience catastrophic earthquakes and tsunamis in the near future, posing a significant threat to the numerous ports and harbors along the coast. A collaborative, multiagency initiative is underway to increase the resiliency of Pacific Northwest ports and harbors to these hazards, involving Oregon Sea Grant, Washington Sea Grant, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Coastal Services Center, and the U.S. Geological Survey Center for Science Policy. One element of this research, planning, and outreach initiative is a natural hazard mitigation and emergency preparedness planning process that combines technical expertise with local stakeholder values and perceptions. This paper summarizes and examines one component of the process, the vulnerability assessment methodology, used in the pilot port and harbor community of Yaquina River, Oregon, as a case study of assessing vulnerability at the local level. In this community, stakeholders were most concerned with potential life loss and other nonstructural vulnerability issues, such as inadequate hazard awareness, communication, and response logistics, rather than structural issues, such as damage to specific buildings or infrastructure.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Civil Engineers","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)1527-6988(2002)3:4(148)","usgsCitation":"Wood, N.J., Good, J.W., and Goodwin, R.F., 2002, Vulnerability assessment of a port and harbor community to earthquake and tsunami hazards: Integrating technical expert and stakeholder input: Natural Hazards Review, v. 3, no. 4, p. 148-157, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1527-6988(2002)3:4(148).","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"148","endPage":"157","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335309,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","city":"Yaquina 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\"}}]}","volume":"3","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58a42537e4b0c825128ad44d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wood, Nathan J. 0000-0002-6060-9729 nwood@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6060-9729","contributorId":3347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"Nathan","email":"nwood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":668523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Good, James W.","contributorId":179130,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Good","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":668524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Goodwin, Robert F.","contributorId":181532,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Goodwin","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":668525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70207308,"text":"70207308 - 2002 - Dinosaurs that did not die: Evidence for Paleocene dinosaurs in the Ojo Alamo Sandstone, San Juan Basin, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-02T15:11:20.787357","indexId":"70207308","displayToPublicDate":"2002-12-16T15:06:40","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1727,"text":"GSA Special Papers","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dinosaurs that did not die: Evidence for Paleocene dinosaurs in the Ojo Alamo Sandstone, San Juan Basin, New Mexico","docAbstract":"Palynologic and paleomagnetic data confirm a Paleocene age for the Ojo Alamo Sandstone (and its contained dinosaurs) throughout the San Juan Basin of New Mexico. The recently reported discovery of 34 skeletal elements from a single hadrosaur in the Ojo Alamo provides unequivocal evidence that these bones were not reworked from underlying Cretaceous strata. Geochemical studies of samples from several single-dinosaur-bone specimens from the Paleocene Ojo Alamo Sandstone and the underlying Late Cretaceous (Campanian) Kirtland Formation show that mineralized bones from these two rock units contain distinctly different abundances of uranium and rare-earth elements and demonstrate that Cretaceous and Paleocene bones were mineralized at different times when mineralizing fluids had distinctly different chemical compositions. These findings indicate that the dinosaur bone from the Paleocene Ojo Alamo is indigenous and not reworked. These data show that a relatively diverse assemblage of dinosaurs survived the end-Cretaceous asteroid-impact extinction event of 65.5 Ma. The San Juan Basin’s Paleocene dinosaur fauna is herein named the Alamoan fauna. Magnetic-polarity chronology shows that these survivors lived for about one million years into the Paleocene and then became extinct around 64.5 Ma. We suggest that a plausible survival mechanism for this Lazarus fauna may have been the large numbers of buried dinosaur eggs, laid just before the asteroid impact occurred. These buried eggs would have provided a safe haven for developing dinosaur embryos for the first one to two years after the impact, thereby making it possible for them to survive the worst of the impact’s early devastation.
","language":"English","publisher":"GSA","doi":"10.1130/0-8137-2356-6.307","usgsCitation":"Fassett, J.E., Zielinski, R.A., and Budahn, J.R., 2002, Dinosaurs that did not die: Evidence for Paleocene dinosaurs in the Ojo Alamo Sandstone, San Juan Basin, New Mexico: GSA Special Papers, v. 356, p. 307-336, https://doi.org/10.1130/0-8137-2356-6.307.","productDescription":"30 p.","startPage":"307","endPage":"336","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":370318,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"San Juan Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -108.77014160156249,\n 36.01356058518153\n ],\n [\n -107.07275390625,\n 36.01356058518153\n ],\n [\n -107.07275390625,\n 37.483576550426996\n ],\n [\n -108.77014160156249,\n 37.483576550426996\n ],\n [\n -108.77014160156249,\n 36.01356058518153\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"356","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fassett, James E. jfassett@usgs.gov","contributorId":73590,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fassett","given":"James","email":"jfassett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":165,"text":"Central Energy Resources Team","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":777640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zielinski, Robert A. 0000-0002-4047-5129 rzielinski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4047-5129","contributorId":1593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zielinski","given":"Robert","email":"rzielinski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":777641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Budahn, James R. 0000-0001-9794-8882 jbudahn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9794-8882","contributorId":1175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Budahn","given":"James","email":"jbudahn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":777642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":51130,"text":"ofr02414 - 2002 - Digital data grids for the magnetic anomaly map of North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-12-29T18:19:32.991511","indexId":"ofr02414","displayToPublicDate":"2002-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-414","title":"Digital data grids for the magnetic anomaly map of North America","docAbstract":"The digital magnetic anomaly database and map for the North American continent is the result of a joint effort by the Geological Survey of Canada (GSC), U. S. Geological Survey (USGS), and Consejo de Recursos Minerales of Mexico (CRM). This integrated, readily accessible, modern digital database of magnetic anomaly data is a powerful tool for further evaluation of the structure, geologic processes, and tectonic evolution of the continent and may also be used to help resolve societal and scientific issues that span national boundaries. The North American magnetic anomaly map derived from the digital database provides a comprehensive magnetic view of continental-scale trends not available in individual data sets, helps link widely separated areas of outcrop, and unifies disparate geologic studies.
This open-file report presents three unique, gridded data sets used to make the magnetic anomaly map of North America. Subsets of these three grids that span only the United States were also created, giving a total of six grids. Details on the data processing and compilation procedures used to produce the grids are described in the booklet that accompanies the North American magnetic anomaly map. All three grids have 1-km spacing and are projected to the DNAG projection (spherical transverse mercator, central meridian of 100 o W, base latitude of 0o, scale factor of 0.926 and Earth radius of 6,371,204 m.) More details are given in the metadata files that accompany the gridded data files. These grids are presented in Geosoft binary grid format, with two files describing each of the six grids (suffixes .grd and .gi). This format can be easily converted to numerous other formats using the free conversion software offered by this company at http://www.geosoft.com/.
The first grids (NAmag_origmrg.grd and USmag_origmrg.grd) show the magnetic field at 305 m. above terrain.
For the second grids (NAmag_hp500.grd and USmag_hp500.grd) we removed long-wavelength anomalies (500 km and greater) from the first grid. This grid was used for the published map. Although the North American merged grid represents a significant upgrade to older compilations, the existing patchwork of surveys is inherently unable to accurately represent anomalies with long (greater than roughly 150 km) wavelengths, particularly in the US and Canada (U.S. Magnetic-Anomaly Data Set Task Group, 1994). The lack of information about long wavelength anomalies is primarily related to datum shifts between merged surveys, caused by data acquisition at widely different times and by differences in merging procedures. Therefore, we removed anomalies with wavelengths greater than 500 km from the merged grid to reduce the effects caused by the spurious long wavelengths but still maintain the continuity of anomalies. The correction was accomplished by transforming the merged grid to the frequency domain, filtering the transformed data with a long-wavelength cutoff at 500 km, and subtracting the long-wavelength data grid from the merged grid.
In addition to the 500-km high pass filter, an equivalent source method, based on long-wavelength characterization using satellite data (CHAMP satellite anomalies, Maus and others, 2002), was also used to correct for spurious shifts in the original magnetic anomaly grid (Ravat and others, 2002). These results are presented in the third grids (NAmag_CM.grd and USmag_CM.grd), in which the wavelengths longer than 500 km have been replaced by downward-continued satellite data. The steps used to create the third long-wavelength-corrected grid are:
0. The North American 1-km merged grid was decimated to 5 km.
1. This 5-km grid was converted to a 0.05 degree grid and was low-pass filtered using a Gaussian filter with a 500-km cutoff, then decimated to 1 degree.
2. A joint inversion of this 1-degree low-pass aeromagnetic grid and satellite data, with the aeromagnetic data weighted very low, was used to produce a stabilized downward continuation of the satellite data.
3. The inverted data were interpolated to 0.05 degrees and again low-pass filtered using the same Gaussian 500-km filter to remove short-wavelength artifacts.
4. The low-pass grid from step 1 was subtracted from the original 0.05-degree aeromagnetic grid to create a 500-km high-pass aeromagnetic grid. This grid was added to the low-pass inverted grid from step 3 to get a corrected 0.05-degree aeromagnetic grid.
5. The corrected 0.05-degree aeromagnetic grid was projected to the DNAG projection and regridded to 5 km. This was subtracted from the decimated 5-km aeromagnetic grid to generate a 5-km correction grid. A matched filter was used to remove short-wavelength artifacts resulting from the projection and regridding process.
6. The resulting 5-km correction grid was regridded to the original 1-km grid and subtracted from the original 1-km aeromagnetic grid to generate the final 1-km corrected aeromagnetic grid.
The six grids described in this report are available for download. Two metadata files, one for the North American grids and one for the United States grids, are also included with the gridded data.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr02414","usgsCitation":"Bankey, V., Cuevas, A., Daniels, D., Finn, C.A., Hernandez, I., Hill, P., Kucks, R., Miles, W., Pilkington, M., Roberts, C., Roest, W., Rystrom, V., Shearer, S., Snyder, S., Sweeney, R.E., Velez, J., Phillips, J., and Ravat, D., 2002, Digital data grids for the magnetic anomaly map of North America: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-414, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr02414.","productDescription":"HTML Document","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":426141,"rank":4,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/70211067","text":"Magnetic anomaly map of North America"},{"id":179516,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/ofr-02-414/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":425660,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index 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E.","contributorId":89564,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sweeney","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":243021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Velez, Julio","contributorId":100941,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Velez","given":"Julio","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":243024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Phillips, J. D. 0000-0002-6459-2821","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6459-2821","contributorId":22366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"J. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":243012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Ravat, D.K.A.","contributorId":89599,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ravat","given":"D.K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":243022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18}]}} ,{"id":70185666,"text":"70185666 - 2002 - Microbial transformation of elements: The case of arsenic and selenium","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-26T09:40:22","indexId":"70185666","displayToPublicDate":"2002-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5337,"text":"International Microbiology ","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Microbial transformation of elements: The case of arsenic and selenium","docAbstract":"Microbial activity is responsible for the transformation of at least one third of the elements in the periodic table. These transformations are the result of assimilatory, dissimilatory, or detoxification processes and form the cornerstones of many biogeochemical cycles. Arsenic and selenium are two elements whose roles in microbial ecology have only recently been recognized. Known as \"essential toxins\", they are required in trace amounts for growth and metabolism but are toxic at elevated concentrations. Arsenic is used as an osmolite in some marine organisms while selenium is required as selenocysteine (i.e. the twenty-first amino acid) or as a ligand to metal in some enzymes (e.g. FeNiSe hydrogenase). Arsenic resistance involves a small-molecular-weight arsenate reductase (ArsC). The use of arsenic and selenium oxyanions for energy is widespread in prokaryotes with representative organisms from the Crenarchaeota, thermophilic bacteria, low and high G+C gram-positive bacteria, and Proteobacteria. Recent studies have shown that both elements are actively cycled and play a significant role in carbon mineralization in certain environments. The occurrence of multiple mechanisms involving different enzymes for arsenic and selenium transformation indicates several different evolutionary pathways (e.g. convergence and lateral gene transfer) and underscores the environmental significance and selective impact in microbial evolution of these two elements.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10123-002-0091-y","usgsCitation":"Stolz, J., Basu, P., and Oremland, R., 2002, Microbial transformation of elements: The case of arsenic and selenium: International Microbiology , v. 5, no. 4, p. 201-207, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10123-002-0091-y.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"201","endPage":"207","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478604,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://revistes.iec.cat/index.php/IM/article/view/9383","text":"External Repository"},{"id":338374,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58da251ce4b0543bf7fda816","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stolz, J.","contributorId":189866,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stolz","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Basu, P.","contributorId":35527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Basu","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Oremland, R.","contributorId":26831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oremland","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70185177,"text":"70185177 - 2002 - Comparison of formation and fluid-column logs in a heterogeneous basalt aquifer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-26T08:53:16","indexId":"70185177","displayToPublicDate":"2002-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of formation and fluid-column logs in a heterogeneous basalt aquifer","docAbstract":"Deep observation boreholes in the vicinity of active production wells in Honolulu, Hawaii, exhibit the anomalous condition that fluid-column electrical conductivity logs and apparent profiles of pore-water electrical conductivity derived from induction conductivity logs are nearly identical if a formation factor of 12.5 is assumed. This condition is documented in three boreholes where fluid-column logs clearly indicate the presence of strong borehole flow induced by withdrawal from partially penetrating water-supply wells. This result appears to contradict the basic principles of conductivity-log interpretation. Flow conditions in one of these boreholes was investigated in detail by obtaining flow profiles under two water production conditions using the electromagnetic flowmeter. The flow-log interpretation demonstrates that the fluid-column log resembles the induction log because the amount of inflow to the borehole increases systematically upward through the transition zone between deeper salt water and shallower fresh water. This condition allows the properties of the fluid column to approximate the properties of water entering the borehole as soon as the upflow stream encounters that producing zone. Because this condition occurs in all three boreholes investigated, the similarity of induction and fluid-column logs is probably not a coincidence, and may relate to aquifer response under the influence of pumping from production wells.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2002.tb02544.x","usgsCitation":"Paillet, F., Williams, J., Oki, D., and Knutson, K.D., 2002, Comparison of formation and fluid-column logs in a heterogeneous basalt aquifer: Groundwater, v. 40, no. 6, p. 577-585, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2002.tb02544.x.","productDescription":"9 p. ","startPage":"577","endPage":"585","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337682,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ca52d4e4b0849ce97c86ec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paillet, F.L.","contributorId":189369,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Paillet","given":"F.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Williams, J.H.","contributorId":29482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Oki, D.S.","contributorId":75184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oki","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Knutson, K. D.","contributorId":31790,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knutson","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70159118,"text":"70159118 - 2002 - Assessing satellite-derived start-of-season measures in the conterminous USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-15T13:27:51","indexId":"70159118","displayToPublicDate":"2002-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2032,"text":"International Journal of Climatology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing satellite-derived start-of-season measures in the conterminous USA","docAbstract":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-series satellites, carrying advanced very high-resolution radiometer (AVHRR) sensors, have allowed moderate resolution (1 km) measurements of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) to be collected from the Earth's land surfaces for over 20 years. Across the conterminous USA, a readily accessible and decade-long data set is now available to study many aspects of vegetation activity in this region. One feature, the onset of deciduous plant growth at the start of the spring season (SOS) is of special interest, as it appears to be crucial for accurate computation of several important biospheric processes, and a sensitive measure of the impacts of global change.
\nIn this study, satellite-derived SOS dates produced by the delayed moving average (DMA) and seasonal midpoint NDVI (SMN) methods, and modelled surface phenology (spring indices, SI) were compared at widespread deciduous forest and mixed woodland sites during 1990–93 and 1995–99, and these three measures were also matched to native species bud-break data collected at the Harvard Forest (Massachusetts) over the same time period. The results show that both SOS methods are doing a modestly accurate job of tracking the general pattern of surface phenology, but highlight the temporal limitations of biweekly satellite data. Specifically, at deciduous forest sites: (1) SMN SOS dates are close in time to SI first bloom dates (average bias of +0.74 days), whereas DMA SOS dates are considerably earlier (average bias of −41.24 days) and also systematically earlier in late spring than in early spring; (2) SMN SOS tracks overall yearly trends in deciduous forests somewhat better than DMA SOS, but with larger average error (MAEs 8.64 days and 7.37 days respectively); and (3) error in both SOS techniques varies considerably by year. Copyright © 2002 Royal Meteorological Society.
\n