{"pageNumber":"284","pageRowStart":"7075","pageSize":"25","recordCount":10999,"records":[{"id":28937,"text":"wri974176 - 1997 - Geohydrology and Numerical Simulation of the Ground-Water Flow System of Molokai, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:15","indexId":"wri974176","displayToPublicDate":"1998-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-4176","title":"Geohydrology and Numerical Simulation of the Ground-Water Flow System of Molokai, Hawaii","docAbstract":"A two-dimensional, steady-state, areal ground-water flow model was developed for the island of Molokai, Hawaii, to enhance the understanding of (1) the conceptual framework of the ground-water flow system, (2) the distribution of aquifer hydraulic properties, and (3) the regional effects of ground-water withdrawals on water levels and coastal discharge. The model uses the finite-element code AQUIFEM-SALT, which simulates flow of fresh ground water in systems that may have a freshwater lens floating on denser underlying saltwater.\r\n\r\nModel results are in agreement with the general conceptual model of the flow system on Molokai, where ground water flows from the interior, high-recharge areas to the coast. The model-calculated ground-water divide separating flow to the northern and southern coasts lies to either the north or the south of the topographic divide but is generally not coincident with the topographic divide.\r\n\r\nOn the basis of model results, the following horizontal hydraulic conductivities were estimated: (1) 1,000 feet per day for the dike-free volcanic rocks of East and West Molokai, (2) 100 feet per day for the marginal dike zone of the East Molokai Volcano, (3) 2 feet per day for the West Molokai dike complex, (4) 0.02 feet per day for the East Molokai dike complex, and (5) 500 feet per day for the Kalaupapa Volcanics. \r\n\r\nThree simulations to determine the effects of proposed ground-water withdrawals on water levels and coastal discharge, relative to model-calculated water levels and coastal discharge for 1992-96 withdrawal rates, show that the effects are widespread. For a withdrawal rate of 0.337 million gallons per day from a proposed well about 4 miles southeast of Kualapuu and 3 miles north of Kamiloloa, the model-calculated drawdown of 0.01 foot or more extends 4 miles southeast and 6 miles northwest from the well. For a withdrawal rate of 1.326 million gallons per day from the same well, the model-calculated drawdown of 0.01 foot or more extends 6 miles southeast and 9 miles northwest from the well. In a third scenario, the withdrawal rate from an existing well near Kualapuu was increased by 0.826 million gallons per day. The model-calculated drawdown of 0.01 foot or more extends 6 miles southeast and 8 miles northwest from the well. In all scenarios, coastal discharge is reduced by an amount equal to the additional withdrawal.\r\n\r\nAdditional data needed to improve the understanding of the ground-water flow system on Molokai include: (1) a wider spatial distribution and longer temporal distribution of water-levels, (2) independent estimates of hydraulic conductivity, (3) improved recharge estimates, (4) information about the vertical distribution of salinity in ground water, (5) streamflow data at additional sites, and (6) improved information about the subsurface geology.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/wri974176","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of Hawaii and Department of Hawaiian Home Lands","usgsCitation":"Oki, D.S., 1997, Geohydrology and Numerical Simulation of the Ground-Water Flow System of Molokai, Hawaii: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 97-4176, vi, 62 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri974176.","productDescription":"vi, 62 p.","costCenters":[{"id":525,"text":"Pacific Islands Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125020,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4176/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57808,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4176/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -157.33333333333334,21 ], [ -157.33333333333334,21.25 ], [ -156.66666666666666,21.25 ], [ -156.66666666666666,21 ], [ -157.33333333333334,21 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b25e4b07f02db6aedd4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Oki, Delwyn S. 0000-0002-6913-8804 dsoki@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6913-8804","contributorId":1901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oki","given":"Delwyn","email":"dsoki@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":525,"text":"Pacific Islands Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":200647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":28141,"text":"wri974107 - 1997 - Water-quality assessment of part of the upper Mississippi River Basin, Minnesota and Wisconsin — Nitrogen and phosphorus in streams, streambed sediment, and ground water, 1971-94","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-15T22:44:04.466473","indexId":"wri974107","displayToPublicDate":"1998-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-4107","title":"Water-quality assessment of part of the upper Mississippi River Basin, Minnesota and Wisconsin — Nitrogen and phosphorus in streams, streambed sediment, and ground water, 1971-94","docAbstract":"

Nitrogen and phosphorus in streams, streambed sediment, and ground water were summarized using data from Federal, state, and local agencies as part of an analysis of historical water-quality data for the Upper Mississippi River Basin study unit of the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water-Quality Assessment Program. The Upper Mississippi River Basin study unit encompasses the drainage of the Mississippi River from the source to the outlet of Lake Pepin. This report focuses on a 19,500-square-mile study area in the eastern part of the study unit. The study area included the part of the Upper Mississippi River Basin from Royalton, Minnesota, to the outlet of Lake Pepin, located near Red Wing, Minnesota; the Minnesota River Basin from Jordan, Minnesota, to the confluence with the Mississippi River; and the entire drainage basins of the St. Croix, Cannon, and Vermillion Rivers. The Twin Cities metropolitan area, with a population of approximately 2.3 million people, is located in the south-central part of the study area.

\n

Fertilizers and livestock manure were the greatest sources of nitrogen and phosphorus applied to the land surface of the study unit. Approximately 60 percent of the fertilizer was applied to the Minnesota River Basin, which drains agricultural areas in the southern and western parts of the study unit.

\n

Concentrations of total nitrite plus nitrate nitrogen, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus in streams, generally were greatest in the tributaries to the Mississippi River draining agricultural areas in the western and southern part of the study area. Concentrations of these constituents generally were least in tributaries draining forested land. The greatest total nitrite plus nitrate nitrogen concentrations generally occurred during the spring and summer in streams draining agricultural areas and in the winter in streams draining forested areas. Total phosphorus concentrations generally were greatest in the spring and summer for all streams.

\n

Total nitrite plus nitrate nitrogen, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus concentrations in the Mississippi River increased substantially downstream from the Minnesota River and downstream from wastewater discharges in the Twin Cities metropolitan area. Total ammonia and dissolved orthophosphate concentrations generally were greatest at sites on the Mississippi and Minnesota Rivers downstream from wastewater discharges from the Twin Cities metropolitan area.

\n

Total nitrite plus nitrate nitrogen concentrations in streams generally were less than the Maximum Contaminant Level of 10 mg/L (as nitrogen) established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Total phosphorus concentrations in streams generally were greater than the 0.1 mg/L concentration recommended by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency at sites located in agricultural areas and on the Mississippi River downstream from its confluence with the Minnesota River.

\n

Phosphorus and nitrogen yields were greatest in watersheds primarily draining agricultural land. The majority of the nitrogen and phosphorus loading to the Mississippi River was from the Minnesota River. In the Minnesota River, the nitrogen load primarily was total nitrite plus nitrate nitrogen.

\n

Despite increases in fertilizer usage during 1982-91, most stream sites outside of the Twin Cities metropolitan area had no temporal trends in total nitrite plus nitrate nitrogen, total phosphorus, or dissolved orthophosphate concentrations for water years 1984-93. Most sites had a decrease in total ammonia nitrogen concentrations, possibly a result of improvements in wastewater treatment. In the Twin Cities metropolitan area, decreases in total ammonia concentrations in the Mississippi and Minnesota Rivers coincided with increases in total nitrite plus nitrate nitrogen concentrations, probably a result of wastewater treatment plants initiating nitrification processes.

\n

Nitrite plus nitrate nitrogen concentrations in ground water reflect land uses and hydrogeologic settings of major aquifers in the study area. Unconfined sand and gravel, buried sand and gravel, and the Prairie du Chien-Jordan were the aquifers most frequently sampled for nitrite plus nitrate nitrogen because they are the principal sources of ground water in the study area. The greatest nitrite plus nitrate nitrogen concentrations reported by Federal and state agencies, some exceeding the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Maximum Contaminant level of 10 mg/L by a factor of four, were in water from shallow wells in agricultural and mixed forested and agricultural areas. Water sampled from buried sand and gravel aquifers, which are more shielded from substances leaching from the land surface by layers of clay or till, generally had lower nitrite plus nitrate nitrogen concentrations than water from unconfined sand and gravel aquifers. Nitrite plus nitrate nitrogen concentrations in water samples from the Prairie du Chien-Jordan aquifer were greatest in the Wisconsin part of the study area and in the vicinity of the Cannon River, where the aquifer is commonly unconfined, exposed at land surface, and overlain by agricultural or by mixed forested and agricultural land covers.

\n

Dissolved phosphorus concentrations in ground water in the study area generally were near detection limits of 0.01 mg/L or lower, indicating that surface-water eutrophication from phosphorus may be more likely to occur from overland runoff of phosphorus compounds and from direct discharges of treated wastewater than from ground-water base flow. The greatest concentrations of dissolved phosphorus in ground water generally were detected in water samples from wells in urban portions of the study area.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Mounds View, MN","doi":"10.3133/wri974107","usgsCitation":"Kroening, S.E., and Andrews, W.J., 1997, Water-quality assessment of part of the upper Mississippi River Basin, Minnesota and Wisconsin — Nitrogen and phosphorus in streams, streambed sediment, and ground water, 1971-94: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 97-4107, viii, 61 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri974107.","productDescription":"viii, 61 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":56969,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4107/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":392986,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_49284.htm"},{"id":158635,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4107/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota, Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Upper Mississippi River Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -91.08489990234375, 46.22735299655779 ], [ -91.15631103515625, 46.23685258143992 ], [ -91.20574951171874, 46.23495279600417 ], [ -91.24420166015624, 46.200745411283094 ], [ -91.30462646484375, 46.18743678432541 ], [ -91.40625, 46.23495279600417 ], [ -91.46942138671875, 46.2824277013447 ], [ -91.52435302734375, 46.31848113932307 ], [ -91.54632568359375, 46.32796494040748 ], [ -91.63421630859374, 46.30330363797423 ], [ -91.74407958984375, 46.326068311712596 ], [ -91.84844970703125, 46.32796494040748 ], [ -91.93084716796874, 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wandrews@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4780-8835","contributorId":328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews","given":"William","email":"wandrews@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":516,"text":"Oklahoma Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":199282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70020093,"text":"70020093 - 1997 - Reinterpretation of the peninsular Florida Oligocene: An integrated stratigraphic approach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-22T15:01:08.608335","indexId":"70020093","displayToPublicDate":"1998-06-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3368,"text":"Sedimentary Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reinterpretation of the peninsular Florida Oligocene: An integrated stratigraphic approach","docAbstract":"A very thick (> 300 m) nearly continuous Oligocene section exists in southern peninsular Florida, as revealed by lithostratigraphic, biostratigraphic (mollusks and dinocysts), chronostratigraphic (Sr isotopes) and petrographic analyses of twelve cores and two quarries. The Oligocene deposits in the subsurface of southern Florida are the thickest documented in the southeastern U.S., and they also may represent the most complete record of Oligocene deposition in this region. No major unconformities within the Oligocene section are detected in the southern portion of the peninsula; hiatuses at the Eocene-Oligocene boundary, the early Oligocene-late Oligocene boundary, and the late Oligocene-Miocene boundary, are of limited duration if they exist at all. No significant disconformity is recognized between the Suwannee Limestone and the Arcadia Formation in southern Florida. However, on the east coast of Florida a hiatus of more than 12 m.y., spanning from at least the middle of the early Oligocene to early Miocene is present. The Suwannee Limestone was deposited during the early Oligocene. The top of the Suwannee Limestone appears to be diachronous across the platform. The 'Suwannee' Limestone, previously identified incorrectly as a late Oligocene unit, is herein documented to be early Oligocene and is encompassed in the lower Oligocene Suwannee Limestone. An unnamed limestone, found on the east coast of the peninsula is, at least in part, correlative with the Suwannee Limestone. The Arcadia Formation, basal Hawthorn Group, accounts for a large portion of the Oligocene deposition in southern Florida, spanning the interval from the middle of the early Oligocene to at least the early Miocene. Comparisons of the depositional patterns, and the distribution of dolomite and phosphate within the Suwannee Limestone and the Arcadia Formation, suggest fluctuating sea levels and that the paleo-Gulf Stream played a role in determining the nature and extent of Oligocene deposition in peninsular Florida.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0037-0738(96)00055-3","issn":"00370738","usgsCitation":"Wingard, G.L., Scott, T., Edwards, L.E., Weedman, S., and Simmons, K.R., 1997, Reinterpretation of the peninsular Florida Oligocene: An integrated stratigraphic approach: Sedimentary Geology, v. 108, no. 1-4, p. 207-228, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0037-0738(96)00055-3.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"207","endPage":"228","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":227910,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.5390625,\n 30.939924331023445\n ],\n [\n -87.51708984375,\n 30.334953881988564\n ],\n [\n -85.8251953125,\n 29.99300228455108\n ],\n [\n -84.17724609375,\n 29.075375179558346\n ],\n [\n -83.1884765625,\n 28.34306490482549\n ],\n [\n -82.4853515625,\n 26.05678288577881\n ],\n [\n -80.57373046875,\n 24.627044746156027\n ],\n [\n -79.7607421875,\n 26.41155054662258\n ],\n [\n -80.04638671875,\n 27.89734922968426\n ],\n [\n -80.9912109375,\n 30.031055426540206\n ],\n [\n -81.40869140625,\n 30.713503990354965\n ],\n [\n -81.82617187499999,\n 30.80791068136646\n ],\n [\n -84.814453125,\n 30.789036751261136\n ],\n [\n -84.990234375,\n 31.109388560814963\n ],\n [\n -87.5390625,\n 30.939924331023445\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"108","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a60ce4b0e8fec6cdc08a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wingard, G. Lynn 0000-0002-3833-5207 lwingard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3833-5207","contributorId":605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wingard","given":"G.","email":"lwingard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Lynn","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":385003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scott, T.M.","contributorId":66694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"T.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Edwards, Lucy E. 0000-0003-4075-3317 leedward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4075-3317","contributorId":2647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"Lucy","email":"leedward@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":384999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Weedman, S.D.","contributorId":23961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weedman","given":"S.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Simmons, K. R.","contributorId":68771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simmons","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":31641,"text":"ofr97487 - 1997 - Volcano and earthquake hazards in the Crater Lake region, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-24T11:11:47","indexId":"ofr97487","displayToPublicDate":"1998-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-487","title":"Volcano and earthquake hazards in the Crater Lake region, Oregon","docAbstract":"Crater Lake lies in a basin, or caldera, formed \nby collapse of the Cascade volcano known as Mount \nMazama during a violent, climactic eruption about \n7,700 years ago. This event dramatically changed the \ncharacter of the volcano so that many potential types \nof future events have no precedent there. This \npotentially active volcanic center is contained within \nCrater Lake National Park, visited by 500,000 people \nper year, and is adjacent to the main transportation \ncorridor east of the Cascade Range. Because a lake is \nnow present within the most likely site of future \nvolcanic activity, many of the hazards at Crater Lake \nare different from those at most other Cascade \nvolcanoes. Also significant are many faults near Crater \nLake that clearly have been active in the recent past. \nThese faults, and historic seismicity, indicate that \ndamaging earthquakes can occur there in the future. \nThis report describes the various types of volcano and \nearthquake hazards in the Crater Lake area, estimates \nof the likelihood of future events, recommendations \nfor mitigation, and a map of hazard zones. The main \nconclusions are summarized below.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Vancouver, WA","doi":"10.3133/ofr97487","usgsCitation":"Bacon, C.R., Mastin, L.G., Scott, K.M., and Nathenson, M., 1997, Volcano and earthquake hazards in the Crater Lake region, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-487, Report: iv, 32 p.; Map: 35.50 x 41.43 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97487.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 32 p.; Map: 35.50 x 41.43 inches","numberOfPages":"39","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":157,"text":"Cascades Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":279218,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr97487.jpg"},{"id":279216,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0487/"},{"id":59856,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0487/pdf/of1997-0487.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":279217,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0487/pdf/of1997-0487_map.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Crater Lake","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.333333,42.5 ], [ -122.333333,43.333333 ], [ -121.416667,43.333333 ], [ -121.416667,42.5 ], [ -122.333333,42.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0de4b07f02db5fd842","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bacon, Charles R. 0000-0002-2165-5618 cbacon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2165-5618","contributorId":2909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bacon","given":"Charles","email":"cbacon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":206619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mastin, Larry G. 0000-0002-4795-1992 lgmastin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4795-1992","contributorId":555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mastin","given":"Larry","email":"lgmastin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":206617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Scott, Kevin M.","contributorId":88331,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":206620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nathenson, Manuel 0000-0002-5216-984X mnathnsn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5216-984X","contributorId":1358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nathenson","given":"Manuel","email":"mnathnsn@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":206618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":30016,"text":"wri954211C - 1997 - Fish communities of fixed sites in the Western Lake Michigan Drainages, Wisconsin and Michigan, 1993-95","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-23T14:30:37","indexId":"wri954211C","displayToPublicDate":"1998-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-4211","chapter":"C","title":"Fish communities of fixed sites in the Western Lake Michigan Drainages, Wisconsin and Michigan, 1993-95","docAbstract":"

Fish communities were surveyed at 20 wadable stream sites during 1993-95 as part of the U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) National Water- Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program's assessment of the Western Lake Michigan Drainages. Part of the NAWQA design is to incorporate ecological data into an overall environmental assessment. Collection of fish-community data was part of this ecological assessment.

\n

The Western Lake Michigan Drainages study area is located in eastern Wisconsin and parts of the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. To isolate the effects of individual factors on stream quality, the study area was subdivided into 28 environmental settings, or relatively homogeneous units (RHUs), on the basis of land use/land cover, texture of surficial deposits, and bedrock geology. A fixed monitoring site was established on a wadable stream within 8 of these RHUs to determine the status and trends of water quality in a representative stream. Water-quality characteristics, ecological- community data, and stream-habitat factors were measured at these sites during 1993- 95.

\n

Fish communities were sampled at the 8 wadable fixed sites once a year during 1993-95. At three of these sites, multiple-reach samples were collected in 1994 to determine within-site variation. Fish communities also were sampled at an additional 12 sites, 11 in 1993 and one in 1995, within the 6 largest RHUs. The sites, 1-3 per each of the 6 RHUs, were located on streams with drainage basins of similar size as the fixed sites within the same RHUs.

\n

A total of 44 fish species from 12 families were collected at the 20 sites. The family with the most species represented were the minnows. The number of species per site ranged from one at a small urban site (Lincoln Creek) in 1995 to 21 at an agricultural site (North Branch Milwaukee River) in 1995. The number of individuals collected in one sampling pass ranged from 21 at a stream in the forested northwest part of the study area (Peshekee River) in 1995 to 498 at an agricultural site (East River) in 1995. White sucker (Catostomus commersoni) were collected at 17 sites, the most of any species. Species that are indicative of a coldwater environment were collected at 12 sites.

\n

Detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) of multiple-reach and multiple-year data indicated that species composition at each of these sites were fairly consistent between reaches and years. Thus, for simplicity, most analyses were done using 1993 data only.

\n

Index of Biotic Integrity (IBI) scores on 1993 data ranged from very poor at a channelized urban site to excellent at 3 sites; 2 in primarily agricultural areas and 1 in a forested area. Seven sites each scored good or fair, and two sites scored poor. Sites with multiple-year or multiple-reach data did not vary significantly within the error factor of the IBI.

\n

DCA of fish-community data from 19 sites indicated that coldwater sites were tightly grouped, whereas warmwater sites showed a larger gradient. This was expected, given the potential for greater diversity among warmwater sites. Fixed sites were shown to be representative of the study area as a whole, while specific fish communities could not be attributed to particular RHUs.

\n

Cluster analysis revealed two major groups of sites and two outlier sites. The two groups represented coldwater and warmwater streams, while the outlier sites were the urban site and a species- rich site with high biotic integrity that drains primarily agricultural land.

\n

Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) revealed that soil credibility was a significant predictor of species composition. Though not statistically significant, land use, soil permeability, and bedrock permeability also were indicated as predictors of fish-species composition by CCA.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri954211C","usgsCitation":"Sullivan, D.J., 1997, Fish communities of fixed sites in the Western Lake Michigan Drainages, Wisconsin and Michigan, 1993-95: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4211, vi, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954211C.","productDescription":"vi, 23 p.","numberOfPages":"30","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":119530,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4211c/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58822,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4211c/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan, Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Lake Michigan","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -86.8359375,\n 45.84410779560204\n ],\n [\n -86.9677734375,\n 46.09609080214316\n ],\n [\n -87.47314453125,\n 46.384833223492784\n ],\n [\n -87.703857421875,\n 46.61171462536894\n ],\n [\n -87.978515625,\n 46.70973594407157\n ],\n [\n -88.24218749999999,\n 46.73233101286786\n ],\n [\n -88.516845703125,\n 46.76244305208004\n ],\n [\n -88.890380859375,\n 46.73986059969267\n ],\n [\n -89.40673828125,\n 46.6795944656402\n ],\n [\n -89.615478515625,\n 46.543749602738565\n ],\n [\n -89.97802734375,\n 46.33175800051563\n ],\n [\n -89.945068359375,\n 46.20264638061019\n ],\n [\n -90.1318359375,\n 45.706179285330855\n ],\n [\n -90.17578124999999,\n 45.251688256117646\n ],\n [\n -90.120849609375,\n 44.86365630540611\n ],\n [\n -89.923095703125,\n 43.73935207915473\n ],\n [\n -89.615478515625,\n 43.29320031385282\n ],\n [\n -89.395751953125,\n 43.141078106345844\n ],\n [\n -89.12109375,\n 43.092960677116295\n ],\n [\n -88.87939453125,\n 43.068887774169625\n ],\n [\n -88.428955078125,\n 42.827638636242284\n ],\n [\n -87.7587890625,\n 42.4639928001706\n ],\n [\n -87.71484375,\n 43.22118973298753\n ],\n [\n -87.659912109375,\n 43.91372326852401\n ],\n [\n -87.242431640625,\n 44.457309801319305\n ],\n [\n -86.890869140625,\n 45.205263456162385\n ],\n [\n -86.72607421875,\n 45.42158812329091\n ],\n [\n -86.9677734375,\n 45.54483149242463\n ],\n [\n -86.8359375,\n 45.84410779560204\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f6e4b07f02db5f16bb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sullivan, D. J.","contributorId":94693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sullivan","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":29629,"text":"wri964265 - 1997 - Urbanization and recharge in the vicinity of East Meadow Brook, Nassau County, New York: Part 3 — Ground-water levels and flow conditions, 1988-93","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-03T19:20:29.282686","indexId":"wri964265","displayToPublicDate":"1998-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-4265","title":"Urbanization and recharge in the vicinity of East Meadow Brook, Nassau County, New York: Part 3 — Ground-water levels and flow conditions, 1988-93","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri964265","usgsCitation":"Scorca, M., and Fu, H.F., 1997, Urbanization and recharge in the vicinity of East Meadow Brook, Nassau County, New York: Part 3 — Ground-water levels and flow conditions, 1988-93: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4265, iv, 39 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri964265.","productDescription":"iv, 39 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":393770,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_48592.htm"},{"id":58449,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4265/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":160233,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4265/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","county":"Nassau County","otherGeospatial":"East Meadow Brook","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.64410400390625,\n 40.62437645591559\n ],\n [\n -73.49372863769531,\n 40.62437645591559\n ],\n [\n -73.49372863769531,\n 40.7737818731648\n ],\n [\n -73.64410400390625,\n 40.7737818731648\n ],\n [\n -73.64410400390625,\n 40.62437645591559\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a18e4b07f02db60525b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scorca, M. P.","contributorId":21997,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scorca","given":"M. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fu, H. F.","contributorId":50944,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fu","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":23619,"text":"ofr97411 - 1997 - Transport of diazinon in the San Joaquin River basin, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:00","indexId":"ofr97411","displayToPublicDate":"1998-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-411","title":"Transport of diazinon in the San Joaquin River basin, California","docAbstract":"Most of the application of the organophosphate insecticide diazinon in the San Joaquin River Basin occurs in winter to control wood boring insects in dormant almond orchards. A federal-state collaborative study found that diazinon accounted for most of the observed toxicity of San Joaquin River water to water fleas in February 1993. Previous studies focussed mainly on west-side inputs to the San Joaquin River. In this 1994 study, the three major east-side tributaries to the San Joaquin River, the Merced, Tuolumne, and Stanislaus Rivers, and a downstream site on the San Joaquin River were sampled throughout the hydrographs of a late January and an early February storm. In both storms, the Tuolumne River had the highest concentrations of diazinon and transported the largest load of the three tributaries. The Stanislaus River was a small source in both storms. On the basis of previous storm sampling and estimated traveltimes, ephemeral west-side creeks were probably the main diazinon source early in the storms, while the Tuolumne and Merced Rivers and east-side drainage directly to the San Joaquin River were the main sources later. Although 74 percent of diazinon transport in the San Joaquin River during 199193 occurred in January and February, transport during each of the two 1994 storms was only 0.05 percent of the amount applied during preceeding dry periods. Nevertheless, some of the diazinon concentrations in the San Joaquin River during the January storm exceeded 0.35 micrograms per liter, a concentration shown to be acutely toxic to water fleas. Diazinon concentrations were highly variable during the storms and frequent sampling was required to adequately describe the concentration curves and to estimate loads.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nInformation Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr97411","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Kratzer, C.R., 1997, Transport of diazinon in the San Joaquin River basin, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-411, vi, 22 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97411.","productDescription":"vi, 22 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":154873,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0411/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":52896,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0411/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f4e4b07f02db5f02e7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kratzer, Charles R.","contributorId":30619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kratzer","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":190426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":25814,"text":"wri964289 - 1997 - Urbanization and recharge in the vicinity of East Meadow Brook, Nassau County, New York: Part 4 — Water quality in the headwaters area, 1988-93","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-03T19:48:21.917555","indexId":"wri964289","displayToPublicDate":"1998-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-4289","title":"Urbanization and recharge in the vicinity of East Meadow Brook, Nassau County, New York: Part 4 — Water quality in the headwaters area, 1988-93","docAbstract":"

Surface-water and ground-water quality in the East Meadow Brook headwaters area was monitored during 1988-93 to determine the effects of urban stormwater on water quality before, and for 1 year after, the construction of a stormwater-detention basin in 1992. Stormwater samples were collected from the stream during storms. Between storms, water samples were collected from the stream and from a network of monitoring wells in the headwaters area. The detention basin was constructed as part of a pilot project to increase aquifer recharge while decreasing the discharge of contaminated stormwater to coastal waters.

Bacteria and road salt were the major contaminants detected in stormwater samples, and the concentrations of organic compounds and nutrients in the samples rarely exceeded New York State drinking-water standards. Lead and chromium were detected in only a few of the stormwater samples, and cadmium was not detected in any of the samples.

Loads of most inorganic constituents in stormwater reflected the season and the magnitude of the storm and were proportional to the total stormwater volume measured at the headwaters area. Stormwater during the nonwinter (non-road-salting) season had a diluting effect on shallow ground water adjacent to the stream.

Large amounts of sodium and chloride that entered the stream and ground water after road-salt applications to the Westbury drainage area affected the ground-water quality beneath and adjacent to the stream for several months. Concentrations of sodium and chloride in streamwater on March 6, 1989, reached 1,700 mg/L (milligrams per liter) and 2,700 mg/L, respectively, as a result of road salt washed in by stormwater. Median concentrations of sodium and chloride in wells in an area affected by road salt were generally several times higher than concentrations in shallow wells in unaffected suburban areas. Bromide-to-chloride ratios were used to distinguish road salt from atmospherically derived sea salt within the shallow aquifer and indicated that ground water was affected by road salt to a depth of 14 meters.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri964289","usgsCitation":"Brown, C.J., Scorca, M., Stockar, G.G., Stumm, F., and Ku, H.F., 1997, Urbanization and recharge in the vicinity of East Meadow Brook, Nassau County, New York: Part 4 — Water quality in the headwaters area, 1988-93: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4289, vi, 37 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri964289.","productDescription":"vi, 37 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":158297,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4289/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54566,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4289/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":393775,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_48612.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","county":"Nassau County","otherGeospatial":"East Meadow Brook","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.58934402465819,\n 40.725925340669626\n ],\n [\n -73.57887268066406,\n 40.725925340669626\n ],\n [\n -73.57887268066406,\n 40.7375024965684\n ],\n [\n -73.58934402465819,\n 40.7375024965684\n ],\n [\n -73.58934402465819,\n 40.725925340669626\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a18e4b07f02db605232","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, C. J.","contributorId":90342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scorca, M. P.","contributorId":21997,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scorca","given":"M. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stockar, G. G.","contributorId":59482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stockar","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stumm, Frederick 0000-0002-5388-8811 fstumm@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5388-8811","contributorId":1077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stumm","given":"Frederick","email":"fstumm@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":195175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ku, H. F.","contributorId":19976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ku","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":22251,"text":"ofr97513 - 1997 - Volcano hazards at Newberry Volcano, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-20T14:18:51","indexId":"ofr97513","displayToPublicDate":"1998-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-513","title":"Volcano hazards at Newberry Volcano, Oregon","docAbstract":"Newberry volcano is a broad shield volcano located in central Oregon. It has been built by thousands of eruptions, beginning about 600,000 years ago. At least 25 vents on the flanks and summit have been active during several eruptive episodes of the past 10,000 years. The most recent eruption 1,300 years ago produced the Big Obsidian Flow. Thus, the volcano's long history and recent activity indicate that Newberry will erupt in the future. The most-visited part of the volcano is Newberry Crater, a volcanic depression or caldera at the summit of the volcano. Seven campgrounds, two resorts, six summer homes, and two major lakes (East and Paulina Lakes) are nestled in the caldera. The caldera has been the focus of Newberry's volcanic activity for at least the past 10,000 years. Other eruptions during this time have occurred along a rift zone on the volcano's northwest flank and, to a lesser extent, the south flank. Many striking volcanic features lie in Newberry National Volcanic Monument, which is managed by the U.S. Forest Service. The monument includes the caldera and extends along the northwest rift zone to the Deschutes River. About 30 percent of the area within the monument is covered by volcanic products erupted during the past 10,000 years from Newberry volcano. Newberry volcano is presently quiet. Local earthquake activity (seismicity) has been trifling throughout historic time. Subterranean heat is still present, as indicated by hot springs in the caldera and high temperatures encountered during exploratory drilling for geothermal energy. This report describes the kinds of hazardous geologic events that might occur in the future at Newberry volcano. A hazard-zonation map is included to show the areas that will most likely be affected by renewed eruptions. In terms of our own lifetimes, volcanic events at Newberry are not of day-to-day concern because they occur so infrequently; however, the consequences of some types of eruptions can be severe. When Newberry volcano becomes restless, be it tomorrow or many years from now, the eruptive scenarios described herein can inform planners, emergency response personnel, and citizens about the kinds and sizes of events to expect.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr97513","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Sherrod, D.R., Mastin, L.G., Scott, W.E., and Schilling, S.P., 1997, Volcano hazards at Newberry Volcano, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-513, Report: 14 p.; Plate: 35.50 x 41.43 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97513.","productDescription":"Report: 14 p.; Plate: 35.50 x 41.43 inches","numberOfPages":"16","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":157,"text":"Cascades Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":279250,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr97513.jpg"},{"id":51678,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0513/pdf/of1997-0513_plate1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":51679,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0513/pdf/of1997-0513.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":279249,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0513/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Deschutes River;East Lake;Newberry National Volcanic Monument;Newberry Volcano;Paulina Lake","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.2405,42.8536 ], [ -122.2405,44.641 ], [ -120.1856,44.641 ], [ -120.1856,42.8536 ], [ -122.2405,42.8536 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0de4b07f02db5fd7e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sherrod, David R. 0000-0001-9460-0434 dsherrod@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9460-0434","contributorId":527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherrod","given":"David","email":"dsherrod@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":187781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mastin, Larry G. 0000-0002-4795-1992 lgmastin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4795-1992","contributorId":555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mastin","given":"Larry","email":"lgmastin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":187782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Scott, William E. 0000-0001-8156-979X wescott@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8156-979X","contributorId":1725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"William","email":"wescott@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":187783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schilling, Steven P.","contributorId":31081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schilling","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":67182,"text":"i1970C - 1997 - Map showing the thickness and character of Quaternary sediments in the glaciated United States east of the Rocky Mountains: Northern and central plains states (90° to 102° west longitude)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-14T19:11:27.573878","indexId":"i1970C","displayToPublicDate":"1998-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1970","subseriesTitle":"NONE","chapter":"C","title":"Map showing the thickness and character of Quaternary sediments in the glaciated United States east of the Rocky Mountains: Northern and central plains states (90° to 102° west longitude)","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/i1970C","isbn":"0607891459","usgsCitation":"Soller, D.R., 1997, Map showing the thickness and character of Quaternary sediments in the glaciated United States east of the Rocky Mountains: Northern and central plains states (90° to 102° west longitude): U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 1970, Report: 9 p.; 1 Plate: 41.00 × 58.50 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/i1970C.","productDescription":"Report: 9 p.; 1 Plate: 41.00 × 58.50 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":256523,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/1970c/plate-1-preview.pdf","size":"6387","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":91655,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/1970c/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":187853,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/1970c/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":91656,"rank":301,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/1970c/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":108299,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_13020.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"13020"}],"scale":"1000000","country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -102,\n 38\n ],\n [\n -90,\n 38\n ],\n [\n -90,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -102,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -102,\n 38\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b12e4b07f02db6a25c3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Soller, D. R.","contributorId":25923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soller","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":275729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":27431,"text":"wri974133 - 1997 - Hydrogeologic framework and geochemistry of the Edwards aquifer saline-water zone, south-central Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-17T15:44:21","indexId":"wri974133","displayToPublicDate":"1998-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-4133","title":"Hydrogeologic framework and geochemistry of the Edwards aquifer saline-water zone, south-central Texas","docAbstract":"

The Edwards aquifer supplies drinking water for more than 1 million people in south-central Texas. The saline-water zone of the Edwards aquifer extends from the downdip limit of freshwater to the southern and eastern edge of the Stuart City Formation. Water samples from 16 wells in the Edwards aquifer saline-water zone were collected during July–September 1990 and analyzed for major and minor dissolved constituents, selected stable isotopes, and radioisotopes. These data, supplemental data from an extensive water-quality data base, and data from other previous studies were interpreted to clarify the understanding of the saline-waterzone geochemistry.

\n

Most of the isotope and geochemical data indicate at least two distinct hydrological and geochemical regimes in the saline-water zone of the Edwards aquifer. On the basis of hydrogen and oxygen isotopes and radiocarbon data, the shallower updip regime is predominantly meteoric water that has been recharged probably from the freshwater zone within recent geologic time (less than tens of thousands of years). Also, on the basis of hydrogen and oxygen isotope data, water in the hydrologically stagnant regime (downdip) has been thermally altered in reactions with the carbonate rocks of the zone. The deeper water probably is much older than water in the shallow zone and is nearly stagnant relative to that in the shallow zone.

\n

The geochemical grouping observed in the wellwater data from well samples in the saline-water zone indicates that the zone is hydrologically compartmentalized, in part because of faults that function as barriers to downdip flow of recharge water. These fault barriers also probably impede updip flow. Flow compartmentalization and the resulting disparity in geochemistry between the two regimes indicate that updip movement of substantial amounts of saline water toward the freshwater zone is unlikely.

\n

Estimated in-place temperature of the samples collected indicates an increase with depth and (or) distance from the downdip limit of freshwater. The pH of the samples decreases with increasing distance from the downdip limit of freshwater, but the decrease is caused partly by the increase in temperature. Dissolved major ions and dissolved solids concentrations all indicate a progressive but monotonic increase in salinity from updip to downdip. The alkalinity of the water samples is predominantly bicarbonate because the low-molecular weight aliphatic-acid anion concentrations are small relative to the bicarbonate concentrations. The dissolved organic carbon concentrations also are lower than expected for an aquifer with economic amounts of oil and gas hydrocarbons.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Austin, TX","doi":"10.3133/wri974133","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Edwards Aquifer Authority and San Antonio Water System","usgsCitation":"Groschen, G.E., and Buszka, P.M., 1997, Hydrogeologic framework and geochemistry of the Edwards aquifer saline-water zone, south-central Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 97-4133, vi, 47 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri974133.","productDescription":"vi, 47 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":124752,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri_97_4133.jpg"},{"id":2112,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri97-4133/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ee4b07f02db627cd3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Groschen, George E.","contributorId":99132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Groschen","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Buszka, Paul M. 0000-0001-8218-826X pmbuszka@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8218-826X","contributorId":1786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buszka","given":"Paul","email":"pmbuszka@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27231,"text":"Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":198107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":29305,"text":"wri974114 - 1997 - Digital simulation of ground-water flow in the Warwick Aquifer, Fort Totten Indian Reservation, North Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-21T16:01:32","indexId":"wri974114","displayToPublicDate":"1998-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-4114","title":"Digital simulation of ground-water flow in the Warwick Aquifer, Fort Totten Indian Reservation, North Dakota","docAbstract":"

The demand for water from the Warwick aquifer, which underlies the Fort Totten Indian Reservation in northeastern North Dakota, has been increasing during recent years. Therefore, the Spirit Lake Sioux Nation is interested in resolving questions about the quantity and quality of water in the aquifer and in developing a water-management plan for future water use. A study was conducted to evaluate the surface-water and ground-water resources of the Fort Totten Indian Reservation and, in particular, the ground-water resources in the area of the Warwick aquifer. A major component of the study, addressed by this report, was to define the ground-water flow system of the aquifer.

The Warwick aquifer consists of outwash deposits of the Warwick outwash plain that are as much as 30 feet thick and buried-valley deposits beneath the outwash plain that are as much as 200 feet thick. The aquifer is bounded on the north and west by end-moraine deposits and Devils Lake, on the south by the Sheyenne River Valley, and on the east by outwash deposits and ravines. The aquifer is underlain by Pierre Shale or by glacial till, clay, or silt. Ground-water gradients generally are small and rarely are more than 3 or 4 feet per mile. From 1982 to 1993, withdrawals from the Devils Lake well field averaged 1.5 cubic feet per second, and withdrawals from irrigation wells averaged 1.29 cubic feet per second. The combined discharge from springs may be about 3 cubic feet per second. During the early 1990s, the Warwick aquifer probably was in a steady-state condition with regard to storage change in the aquifer.

A finite-difference, three-dimensional, ground-water flow model provided a reasonable simulation of ground-water flow in the Warwick aquifer. The aquifer was divided vertically into two layers and horizontally into a grid of 83 by 109 cells, each measuring 656 feet (200 meters) per side. The steady-state simulation was conducted using 1992 pumpage rates and October 1992 water levels. The mean absolute difference between simulated and derived water-level altitudes during final calibration of the model was 1.52 feet. The two transient simulations were conducted for 20 time intervals of 1 year each using both the small and large storage estimates, doubled 1992 pumpage from the Devils Lake well field, 1992 irrigation pumpage, and initial water-level altitudes simulated by the October 1992 steady-state simulation. In the simulation using the small storage estimate and doubled pumpage, model cells in the area of the well field went dry after 13 years.

Assumptions made in the design of the model generally are supported by the digital simulation. Except in the area of Warwick Springs and smaller springs, lateral and basal boundaries of the aquifer are impermeable. The flow system is dominated by recharge and evapotranspiration. Recharge rates obtained during the calibration process were lower in topographically high areas than in topographically low areas. Hydraulic conductivity in the area of the Devils Lake well field was larger than that in the rest of the aquifer.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri974114","usgsCitation":"Reed, T., 1997, Digital simulation of ground-water flow in the Warwick Aquifer, Fort Totten Indian Reservation, North Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 97-4114, iv, 50 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri974114.","productDescription":"iv, 50 p.","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":122576,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4114/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58153,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4114/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a93e4b07f02db6588f3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reed, Thomas B.","contributorId":76704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"Thomas B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":30379,"text":"wri974129 - 1997 - Hydrogeologic evaluation of the Upper Floridan aquifer in the southwestern Albany area, Georgia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-31T09:36:23","indexId":"wri974129","displayToPublicDate":"1998-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-4129","title":"Hydrogeologic evaluation of the Upper Floridan aquifer in the southwestern Albany area, Georgia","docAbstract":"A cooperative study by the Albany Water, Gas, and Light Commission and the U.S. Geological Survey was conducted to evaluate the hydrogeology of the Upper Floridan aquifer in an area southwest of Albany and west of the Flint River in Dougherty County, Ga. The study area lies in the Dougherty Plain district of the Coastal Plain physiographic province. In this area, the Upper Floridan aquifer is comprised of the upper Eocene Ocala Limestone, confined below by the middle Eocene Lisbon Formation, and semiconfined above by the undifferentiated Quaternary overburden. The overburden ranges in thickness from about 30 to 50 feet and consists of fine to coarse quartz sand, clayey sand, sandy clay, and clay. The Upper Floridan aquifer has been subdivided into an upper water-bearing zone and a lower water-bearing zone based on differences in lithology and yield. In the study area, the upper water-bearing zone generally consists of dense, highly weathered limestone of low permeability and ranges in thickness from 40 to 80 feet. The lower water-bearing zone consists of hard, slightly weathered limestone that exhibits a high degree of secondary permeability that has developed along fractures and joints, and ranges in thickness from about 60 to 80 feet. Borehole geophysical logs and borehole video surveys indicate two areas of high permeability in the lower water-bearing zone-one near the top and one near the base of the zone. \r\n\r\nA wellfield consisting of one production well and five observation-well clusters (one deep, intermediate, and shallow well in each cluster) was constructed for this study. Spinner flowmeter tests were conducted in the production well between the depths of 110 and 140 feet below land surface to determine the relative percentages of water contributed by selected vertical intervals of the lower water-bearing zone. Pumping rates during these tests were 1,080, 2,200, and 3,400 gallons per minute. The results of these pumping tests show that the interval between 118 and 124 feet below land surface contributes a significant percentage of the total yield to the well.\r\n\r\nAn aquifer test was conducted by pumping the production well at a constant rate of 3,300 gallons per minute for about 49 hours. Time-dependent water-level data were collected throughout the pumping and recovery phases of the test in the pumped well and the observation wells. The maximum measured drawdown in the observation wells was about 2.6 ft. At about 0.5 mile from the pumped well, there was little measurable effect from pumping. Water levels increased during the test in wells located within about 3.75 miles of the Flint River (about 0.5 miles east of the pumping well). This water-level increase correlated with a 3.5-feet increase in the stage of the Flint River.\r\n\r\nThe hydraulic characteristics of the Upper Floridan aquifer were evaluated using the Hantush-Jacob curve-matching and Jacob straight-line methods. Using the Hantush-Jacob method, values for transmissivity ranged from about 120,000 to 506,000 feet squared per day; values for storage coefficient ranged from 1.4 x 10-4 to 6.3 x 10-4; and values for vertical hydraulic conductivity of the overlying sediments ranged from 4.9 to 6.8 feet per day. Geometric averages for these values of transmissivity, storage coefficient, and vertical hydraulic conductivity were calculated to be 248,000 feet squared per day, 2.7 x 10-4, and 5.5 feet per day, respectively. If a dual porosity aquifer model (fracture flow plus matrix flow) is assumed instead of leakage, and the Jacob straight-line method is used with late time-drawdown data, the calculated transmissivity of the fractures ranged from about 233,000 to 466,000 feet squared per day; and storage coefficient of the fractures plus the matrix ranged from 5.1 x 10-4 to 2.9 x 10-2.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri974129","usgsCitation":"Warner, D., 1997, Hydrogeologic evaluation of the Upper Floridan aquifer in the southwestern Albany area, Georgia: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 97-4129, v, 27 p. : ill., maps; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri974129.","productDescription":"v, 27 p. : ill., maps; 28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":124871,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri_97_4129.jpg"},{"id":2497,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri97-4129/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","city":"Albany","otherGeospatial":"Upper Floridan Aquifer","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -86,31 ], [ -86,34 ], [ -82,34 ], [ -82,31 ], [ -86,31 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db686337","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Warner, Debbie 0000-0002-5195-6657","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5195-6657","contributorId":104106,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warner","given":"Debbie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":6903,"text":"fs18397 - 1997 - Flood of January 1997 in the Carson River Basin, California and Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-04-10T10:22:34","indexId":"fs18397","displayToPublicDate":"1998-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"183-97","title":"Flood of January 1997 in the Carson River Basin, California and Nevada","docAbstract":"Northern California and western Nevada were devastated by floods during January 1-3, 1997. Flood waters in the Carson River Basin (fig. 1) contributed to $55 million in projected damages in Douglas County and $19.5 million in Lyon County (Reno Gazette-Journal, 1997). Flooding in Douglas and Lyon Counties was extensive along the levee and irrigation systems, and agricultural land. In Carson City, damage to public facilities was estimated at $6.4 million (Reno Gazette-Journal, 1997).\nIn late December 1996, storms built up a large snowpack (more than 180 percent of normal) in the higher altitudes of the Sierra Nevada (Daniel Greenlee, Natural Resource Conservation Service, oral commun., 1997) and also covered the valleys along the eastern Sierra Nevada. Then, a subtropical storm system originating in the central Pacific Ocean near the Hawaiian Islands brought heavy, unseasonably warm rain to the Sierra Nevada from December 30, 1996, through January 2, 1997. During this period, the Natural Resource Conservation Service recorded 16.4 inches (provisional data; Daniel Greenlee, oral commun., 1997) of precipitation at Ebbetts Pass, Calif. (8,700 feet above sea level), and the National Weather Service recorded 3.5 inches (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Climate Data Center, written commun., 1997) at Minden (4,710 feet above sea level). Rain falling below about 10,000 feet depleted about 20 percent of the high-altitude snowpack and melted about 80 percent of the snowpack below about 7,000 feet.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs18397","usgsCitation":"Thomas, K.A., and Williams, R.P., 1997, Flood of January 1997 in the Carson River Basin, California and Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 183-97, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs18397.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":286160,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/0183-97/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":286159,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/0183-97/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"California;Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Carson River Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -120.0,38.75 ], [ -120.0,40.25 ], [ -118.5,40.25 ], [ -118.5,38.75 ], [ -120.0,38.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f2e4b07f02db5eee50","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thomas, Karen A. kathomas@usgs.gov","contributorId":3848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"Karen","email":"kathomas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":153543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Williams, Rhea P.","contributorId":87114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Rhea","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":153544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":23909,"text":"ofr97313 - 1997 - Modified level II streambed-scour analysis for structure I-70-148-4528 crossing West Fork of East Fork Whitewater River in Wayne County, Indiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-21T10:59:25","indexId":"ofr97313","displayToPublicDate":"1998-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-313","title":"Modified level II streambed-scour analysis for structure I-70-148-4528 crossing West Fork of East Fork Whitewater River in Wayne County, Indiana","docAbstract":"

Level II scour evaluations follow a process in which hydrologic, hydraulic, and sedient-transport data are evaluated to calculate the depth of scour that may result when given discharge is routed through a bridge opening. the results of the modified Levell II analysis for structure I-70-148-4528 on Interstate 70 crossing West Fork of East Fork Whitewater River in Wayne County, Indiana, are presented. The site is near the city of Richmond in the eastern part of Wayne County. Scour depths were computed with the Water Surface PROfile model, version V050196, which incorporates the scour-calculation procedures outlined in Hydraulic Engineering Circular No. 18. Total scour depths at the piers were approximately 19.8 feet for the modeled discharge of 6,000 cubic feet per second and approximately 26.5 feet for the modeled discharge of 7,900 cubic feet per second.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Indianapolis, IN","doi":"10.3133/ofr97313","issn":"0094-9140","collaboration":"Indiana Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Miller, R.L., Robinson, B., and Voelker, D.C., 1997, Modified level II streambed-scour analysis for structure I-70-148-4528 crossing West Fork of East Fork Whitewater River in Wayne County, Indiana: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-313, iv, 18 p. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97313.","productDescription":"iv, 18 p. ;28 cm.","startPage":"1","endPage":"18","numberOfPages":"22","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":155526,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0313/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53113,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0313/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","county":"Wayne","city":"Richmond","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-84.8131,40.006],[-84.8136,39.9502],[-84.8138,39.9169],[-84.8146,39.7267],[-84.9708,39.7269],[-84.9701,39.7291],[-85.0347,39.729],[-85.0344,39.7145],[-85.1851,39.7152],[-85.1837,39.7891],[-85.2214,39.7895],[-85.2205,39.8748],[-85.2133,39.8751],[-85.2013,39.875],[-85.2014,40.0042],[-84.8952,40.0061],[-84.8603,40.0066],[-84.8131,40.006]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Wayne\",\"state\":\"IN\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db6993b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, R. L.","contributorId":54178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robinson, B.A.","contributorId":63035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Voelker, D. C.","contributorId":36572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voelker","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":6177,"text":"pp1583 - 1997 - Bedload and river hydraulics - Inferences from the East Fork River, Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-23T16:31:18","indexId":"pp1583","displayToPublicDate":"1998-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1583","title":"Bedload and river hydraulics - Inferences from the East Fork River, Wyoming","docAbstract":"

During 1973-79, bedload data were collected in a sophisticated trap on a river of moderate size, the East Fork. The transport rate was measured most days through a full snowmelt season, and the rate was determined separately for eight zones across the channel width. The quantitative data are unique and unlikely to be repeated. Nor need they be, because as a result of this effort a practical bedload sampler was adequately tested against full river measurement.

It was shown that bedload moves sporadically and randomly on the river bed. Therefore, transport rate is highly variable in short periods of time. There is also a wide variance from day to day. Yet, different rivers have transport rates, which are functions of discharge, depth, and sediment size, that are clearly distinct.

Comparison of computed and measured transport rates indicates that a major problem remains: What grain size is representative of the bedload when there is a wide or heterogeneous particle-size distribution? Size of the bedload in motion may be very different from the size of bed material obtained from samples of the streambed.

For general computation, the river channel slope may be averaged, and it may be assumed that water-surface slope does not change materially with changing discharge. Indeed, this generality is correct, in that, compared with depth, velocity, and width, slope is conservative at-a-station. However, in more detail, slope changes importantly with discharge in short reaches of channel, and those changes are very different in pool and riffle.

These local changes in slope are not merely an aspect of a detailed longitudinal profile but involve cross-channel as well as down-channel components. The pool and riffle sequence involves not only undulation of bed elevation and bar formation on alternate sides of the channel, but alternation of the zone of superovulation of the water surface, and changing relation of watersurface slope to discharge. These details can be seen only in the full topography of the water surface.

Riffles fill during high flow and scour at low flow. Changes in local water-surface slope illustrate this process. Pools are a storage zone for sediment in the low-flow season. Even though large volumes of sediment move, the distance moved is not large—in the East Fork River, sand of size 0.5-1 millimeter moved 650 meters during the 1979 snowmelt runoff season.

Bedload transport is greatest over or near bars and not in the deepest part of the channel. Direct observation of the locus of sediment transport indicates that this locus moves from one side of the channel to the other in concert with the occurrence of alternate bars. Separately, data indicate that at constant stream power, transport rate increases as depth decreases.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Denver, CO","doi":"10.3133/pp1583","usgsCitation":"Leopold, L.B., and Emmett, W.W., 1997, Bedload and river hydraulics - Inferences from the East Fork River, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1583, v, 52 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1583.","productDescription":"v, 52 p.","numberOfPages":"64","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":33306,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1583/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":122789,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1583/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"East Fork River","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6be4b07f02db63dc61","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leopold, Luna Bergere","contributorId":93884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leopold","given":"Luna","email":"","middleInitial":"Bergere","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":152243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Emmett, William W.","contributorId":68715,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Emmett","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":152242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":4830,"text":"pp1582 - 1997 - Petroleum geology of the state of Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:50","indexId":"pp1582","displayToPublicDate":"1998-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1582","title":"Petroleum geology of the state of Washington","docAbstract":"This report describes the potential petroleum resources of Washington State as recently summarized in the 1995 U.S. Geological Survey National Assessment of Oil and Gas Resources. Eight conventional petroleum plays, three coal-bed gas plays, and two continuous-type gas plays are defined and characterized. Of these plays, the potential for significant petroleum accumulations appears greatest in the Columbia Plateau region of eastern Washington. Potential accumulations in western Washington are smaller but could have local economic significance. The absence of high-quality petroleum source rocks is probably the most important factor limiting development of large accumulations.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O. ;\r\nFor sale by U.S. Geological Survey, Information Services,","doi":"10.3133/pp1582","usgsCitation":"Johnson, S.Y., Tennyson, M., Lingley, W.S., and Law, B.E., 1997, Petroleum geology of the state of Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1582, 40 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1582.","productDescription":"40 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123266,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp_1582.jpg"},{"id":540,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/p1582/p1582.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db687e22","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Samuel Y. 0000-0001-7972-9977 sjohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7972-9977","contributorId":2607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Samuel","email":"sjohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":149861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tennyson, Marilyn E. 0000-0002-5166-2421 tennyson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5166-2421","contributorId":1433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tennyson","given":"Marilyn E.","email":"tennyson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":149860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lingley, William S.","contributorId":25032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lingley","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":149862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Law, Ben E.","contributorId":85033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Law","given":"Ben","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":149863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":24942,"text":"ofr97259 - 1997 - Preliminary geologic map of the Simi 7.5' quadrangle, southern California: A digital database","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-05T20:14:00.312594","indexId":"ofr97259","displayToPublicDate":"1998-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-259","title":"Preliminary geologic map of the Simi 7.5' quadrangle, southern California: A digital database","docAbstract":"

The Simi Quadrangle covers an area of about 62 square miles in southern Ventura County. The Santa Clara River Valley occupies the northwestern corner of the quadrangle. Mountainous terrain of South Mountain and Oak Ridge characterizes the northern and central area. Elevation within the quadrangle ranges from about 250 feet along the arroyo bottoms to over 2200 feet. Steep, highly dissected slopes form much of the boundary of the area. In the southeast, Little Simi Valley, drained by Arroyo Simi/Arroyo Las Posas, separates the southern flank of Oak Ridge from the Las Posas Hills. The Las Posas upland area, a broad elevated region that slopes gently to the south, separates the South Mountain-Oak Ridge highlands from the Las Posas-Camarillo Hills between Little Simi Valley on the east and the Oxnard Plain on the west. This relatively low-lying area is also referred to as the Las Posas Valley. Numerous north-south-trending drainages cut South Mountain and Oak Ridge creating steep narrow canyons on north-facing slopes and wide flat-bottomed canyons with incised streams on south-facing slopes. A network of residential streets and ranch and oilfield roads that traverse the area from U.S. Highway 101 and State Highways 118, 23, and 126 provides access to the area. Current land use includes citrus and avocado orchards, oil well drilling and production, sand and gravel quarries, decorative-rock quarries, cattle grazing, suburban residential development, and golf courses.

\n
\n

The oldest geologic unit mapped in the Simi Quadrangle is the upper Eocene to lower Miocene Sespe Formation. The Sespe Formation consists of alluvial fan and floodplain deposits of interbedded pebble-cobble conglomerate, massive to thick-bedded sandstone, and thin-bedded siltstone and claystone. In the northern part of the map area, Sespe Formation is overlain by and interfingers with the upper Oligocene to lower Miocene Vaqueros Formation that is composed of transitional and marine sandstone, siltstone, and claystone with local sandy coquina beds. In the Las Posas Hills, Sespe Formation is unconformably overlain by marine sandstones of the middle Miocene Topanga Group that are interlayered with and intruded by basalt flows, breccia, and diabase dikes of the Conejo Volcanics.

\n
\n

Deep-marine strata of the upper Miocene Modelo Formation cover the Vaqueros Formation and Topanga Group along the crests and southern flanks of South Mountain and Oak Ridge. They also occur as isolated outcrops in the Las Posas Hills. Locally, Modelo Formation consists of interbedded diatomaceous shale, claystone, mudstone, and siltstone with minor sandstone, limestone, chert, and tuff beds.

\n
\n

The most widely exposed rock units in the area are the Plio-Pleistocene marine and non-marine Pico and Saugus Formations that crop out on the southern flank of South Mountain-Oak Ridge. Locally, the Pico Formation consists of marine siltstone and silty shale with minor sandstone and pebbly sandstone. The Saugus Formation overlies and interfingers with the Pico Formation and is composed of interbedded shallow-marine to brackish water sandstone, siltstone, pebble-to-cobble conglomerate, and coquina beds that grade laterally and vertically into non-marine sandstone, siltstone, and conglomerate. A local member of the Saugus Formation is exposed in the southwest corner of the map area. It is predominantly a volcanic breccia conglomerate that resembles the Conejo Volcanics breccia, but is believed to represent remnants of landslide debris shed from the Conejo Volcanics into a local trough during Saugus time.

\n
\n

Quaternary surficial deposits cover the floor and margins of the Little Simi Valley, Santa Clara River Valley in the north, and Arroyo Las Posas in the south, and extend up into the larger canyons that drain South Mountain and Oak Ridge. Extensive surficial deposits are also present in the Las Posas upland area in the southwest. These upper Pleistocene to Holocene sediments consist of older and younger alluvial fan and valley deposits, colluvium, active alluvial fans, and active stream deposits. Pleistocene- to Holocene-age landslide deposits are widespread throughout the Simi Quadrangle, especially in the finer grained Tertiary sedimentary units where bedding planes are dip slopes. In addition, massive slumps are present in the Sespe and Vaqueros Formations on anti-dip slopes.

\n
\n

Seismic and well data from the San Fernando Valley (SFV) document evolution of that region from mid-Miocene rifting to north-south contraction. Formations in the western SFV subsurface (Cretaceous to Paleogene strata, and Miocene Topanga and Modelo Formations) trace southward to outcrops in the Santa Monica Mountains that constrain faulting along the valley's south basin edge. Cretaceous strata in the Simi Uplift to the west are over 2 km higher than equivalent strata beneath the western SFV across a boundary marked by the Chatsworth Reservoir fault, and Neogene thinning and offlap.

\n
\n

The Simi fault, located at the eastern end of the Simi-Santa Rosa fault system, bounds the northern margins of the Simi and Tierra Rejada Valleys. West of Simi Valley, the Simi fault has placed Miocene Conejo Volcanics over Plio-Pleistocene Saugus Formation rocks. The 15.5 ± 0.8 m.y.a. base of the Conejo Volcanics, identified in oil well logs, is inferred to have a dip-slip separation of about 425 to 550 m, suggesting a low long-term slip rate of about 0.03 mm/yr. However, substantial late Quaternary offset is suggested by the presence of more than 150 m of Pleistocene and younger alluvium that fills the east-west trending, down-dropped bedrock trough beneath western Simi Valley. In addition, trenching within faulted colluvial deposits in Tierra Rejada Valley has revealed evidence of multiple shears within Holocene (?) deposits.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr97259","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Yerkes, R., and Campbell, R.H., 1997, Preliminary geologic map of the Simi 7.5' quadrangle, southern California: A digital database: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-259, Report: 11 p.; Readme, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97259.","productDescription":"Report: 11 p.; Readme","numberOfPages":"11","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":391444,"rank":11,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_22983.htm"},{"id":53909,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0259/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":1915,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/of97-259/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":286257,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/of97-259/si-topo.e00.gz"},{"id":286256,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/of97-259/si-wells.e00.gz"},{"id":286255,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/of97-259/si-strc.e00.gz"},{"id":286254,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/of97-259/si-geol.e00.gz"},{"id":286251,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/of97-259/simi.txt"},{"id":286253,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/of97-259/simi.tar.gz"},{"id":286252,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/of97-259/simi.ps"},{"id":157559,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0259/report-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Ventura County","otherGeospatial":"Simi 7.5' quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.875,\n 34.375\n ],\n [\n -118.75,\n 34.375\n ],\n [\n -118.75,\n 34.25\n ],\n [\n -118.875,\n 34.25\n ],\n [\n -118.875,\n 34.375\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67abf2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yerkes, R.F.","contributorId":105752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yerkes","given":"R.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Campbell, R. H.","contributorId":52160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":23597,"text":"ofr97221 - 1997 - Rainfall and water-level data for a wetland area near Millington, Shelby County, Tennessee, October 1995 through September 1996","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:00","indexId":"ofr97221","displayToPublicDate":"1998-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-221","title":"Rainfall and water-level data for a wetland area near Millington, Shelby County, Tennessee, October 1995 through September 1996","docAbstract":"Rainfall amounts and water levels were collected at a wetland area near Millington, Shelby County, Tennessee, to assist the Tennessee Department of Transportation with a program of wetland restoration. The site is located along a channelized reach of Big Creek Drainage Canal, east of State Route 240, and near the southern boundary of Naval Support Activity Memphis. Rainfall amounts and water levels for the site were recorded from October 1, 1995 to September 30, 1996. Total rainfall for this period was 47.58 inches. In general, water levels at the wetland were above or near the ground surface during the 6-month period from the first of January through the end of June 1996. For the remainder of the year, water levels generally subsided to several feet below land surface. However, some locations within the wetland were wet or highly saturated year round.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr97221","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Knight, R., 1997, Rainfall and water-level data for a wetland area near Millington, Shelby County, Tennessee, October 1995 through September 1996: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-221, iii, 26 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97221.","productDescription":"iii, 26 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":154848,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":1646,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/ofr97-221","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a5fe4b07f02db63480f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knight, R.R.","contributorId":59063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knight","given":"R.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":25455,"text":"wri964280 - 1997 - Distribution of fish, benthic invertebrate, and algal communities in relation to physical and chemical conditions, Yakima River basin, Washington, 1990","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-05T22:34:37.504708","indexId":"wri964280","displayToPublicDate":"1998-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-4280","title":"Distribution of fish, benthic invertebrate, and algal communities in relation to physical and chemical conditions, Yakima River basin, Washington, 1990","docAbstract":"

Biological investigations were conducted in the Yakima River Basin, Washington, in conjunction with a pilot study for the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water-Quality Assessment Program. Ecological surveys were conducted at 25 sites in 1990 to (1) assess water-quality conditions based on fish, benthic invertebrate, and algal communities; (2) determine the hydrologic, habitat, and chemical factors that affect the distributions of these organisms; and (3) relate physical and chemical conditions to water quality. Results of these investigations showed that land uses and other associated human activities influenced the biological characteristics of streams and rivers and overall water-quality conditions.

Fish communities of headwater streams in the Cascades and Eastern Cascades ecoregions of the Yakima River Basin were primarily composed of salmonids and sculpins, with cyprinids dominating in the rest of the basin. The most common of the 33 fish taxa collected were speckled dace, rainbow trout, and Paiute sculpin. The highest number of taxa (193) was found among the inverte- brates. Insects, particularly sensitive forms such as mayflies, stoneflies, and caddisflies (EPT--Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera fauna), formed the majority of the invertebrate communities of the Cascades and Eastern Cascades ecoregions. Diatoms dominated algal communities throughout the basin; 134 algal taxa were found on submerged rocks, but other stream microhabitats were not sampled as part of the study. Sensitive red algae and diatoms were predominant in the Cascades and Eastern Cascades ecoregions, whereas the abundance of eutrophic diatoms and green algae was large in the Columbia Basin ecoregion of the Yakima River Basin.

Ordination of physical, chemical, and biological site characteristics indicated that elevation was the dominant factor accounting for the distribution of biota in the Yakima River Basin; agricultural intensity and stream size were of secondary importance. Ordination identified three site groups and three community types. Site groups consisted of (1) small streams of the Cascades and Eastern Cascades ecoregions, (2) small streams of the Columbia Basin ecoregions, and (3) large rivers of the Cascades and Columbia Basin ecoregions. The small streams of the Columbia Basin could be further subdivided into two groups--one where agricultural intensity was low and one where agricultural intensity was moderate to high. Dividing the basin into these three groups removed much of the influence of elevation and facilitated the analysis of land-use effects. Community types identified by ordination were (1) high elevation, cold-water communities associated with low agricultural intensity; (2) lower elevation, warm-water communities associated with low agricultural intensity, and (3) lower elevation, warm-water communities associated with moderate to high agricultural intensity.

Multimetric community condition indices indicated that sites in the Cascades and Eastern Cascades site group were largely unimpaired. In contrast, all but two sites in the Columbia Basin site group were impaired, some severely. Agriculture (nutrients and pesticides) was the primary factor responsible for this impairment, and all impaired sites were characterized by multiple indicators of impairment. Three sites (Granger Drain, Moxee Drain, and Spring Creek) had high levels of impairment. Sites in the large-river site group were moderately to severely impaired downstream from the city of Yakima. High levels of impairment at large-river sites corresponded with high levels of pesticides in fish tissues and the occurrence of external anomalies.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri964280","usgsCitation":"Cuffney, T., Meador, M.R., Porter, S.D., and Gurtz, M., 1997, Distribution of fish, benthic invertebrate, and algal communities in relation to physical and chemical conditions, Yakima River basin, Washington, 1990: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4280, viii, 94 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri964280.","productDescription":"viii, 94 p.","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":411459,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_48606.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":54188,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4280/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":118816,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4280/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Yakima River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.25384405943124,\n 47.60448949128079\n ],\n [\n -121.25384405943124,\n 46.55396467424251\n ],\n [\n -119.69064218524818,\n 46.55396467424251\n ],\n [\n -119.69064218524818,\n 47.60448949128079\n ],\n [\n -121.25384405943124,\n 47.60448949128079\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7ee4b07f02db648600","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cuffney, T. F.","contributorId":108134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cuffney","given":"T. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meador, M. R.","contributorId":74400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meador","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Porter, S. D.","contributorId":8882,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Porter","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gurtz, M. E.","contributorId":29841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gurtz","given":"M. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":24358,"text":"ofr97307 - 1997 - Modified level II streambed-scour analysis for structure I-69-87-4781 crossing Wabash River in Huntington County, Indiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-12T13:44:51","indexId":"ofr97307","displayToPublicDate":"1998-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-307","title":"Modified level II streambed-scour analysis for structure I-69-87-4781 crossing Wabash River in Huntington County, Indiana","docAbstract":"

Level II scour evaluations follow a process in which hydrologic, hydraulic, and sediment transport data are evaluated to calculate the depth of scour that may result when a given discharge is routed through a bridge opening. The results of the modified Level II analysis for structure 1-69-87-4781 on Interstate 69 crossing Wabash River in Huntington County, Indiana, are presented. The site is near the town of Markle in the eastern part of Huntington County. Scour depths were computed with the Water Surface PROfile model, version V050196, which incorporates the scour-calculation procedures outlined in Hydraulic Engineering Circular No. 18. Total scour depths at the piers were approximately 13.1 feet for the modeled discharge of 10,600 cubic feet per second and approximately 14.6 feet for the modeled discharge of 17,000 cubic feet per second.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Indianapolis, IN","doi":"10.3133/ofr97307","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Robinson, B., Voelker, D.C., and Miller, R.L., 1997, Modified level II streambed-scour analysis for structure I-69-87-4781 crossing Wabash River in Huntington County, Indiana: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-307, iv, 23 p. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97307.","productDescription":"iv, 23 p. ;28 cm.","startPage":"1","endPage":"19","numberOfPages":"23","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":156711,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0307/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53456,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0307/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","county":"Huntington County","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65db19","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robinson, B.A.","contributorId":63035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Voelker, D. C.","contributorId":36572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voelker","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, R. L.","contributorId":54178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":24362,"text":"ofr97309 - 1997 - Modified level II streambed-scour analysis for structure I-70-69-5185 crossing East Fork White Lick Creek in Hendricks County, Indiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-08T14:04:47","indexId":"ofr97309","displayToPublicDate":"1998-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-309","title":"Modified level II streambed-scour analysis for structure I-70-69-5185 crossing East Fork White Lick Creek in Hendricks County, Indiana","docAbstract":"

Level II scour evaluations follow a process in which hydrologic, hydraulic, and sediment transport data are evaluated to calculate the depth of scour that may result when a given discharge is routed through a bridge opening. The results of the modified Level II analysis for structure 1-70-69-5185 on Interstate 70 crossing East Fork White Lick Creek in Hendricks County, Indiana, are presented. The site is near the town of Camby and is in the southeastern part of Hendricks County. Scour depths were computed with the Water Surface PROfile model, version V050196, which incorporates the scour-calculation procedures outlined in Hydraulic Engineering Circular No. 18. Total scour depths at the piers were approximately 12.0 feet for the modeled discharge of 5,720 cubic feet per second and approximately 13.8 feet for the modeled discharge of 7,360 cubic feet per second.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Indianapolis, IN","doi":"10.3133/ofr97309","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Robinson, B., Voelker, D.C., and Miller, R.L., 1997, Modified level II streambed-scour analysis for structure I-70-69-5185 crossing East Fork White Lick Creek in Hendricks County, Indiana: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-309, iv, 23 p. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97309.","productDescription":"iv, 23 p. ;28 cm.","startPage":"1","endPage":"19","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":156731,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0309/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53460,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0309/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","county":"Hendricks County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-86.3267,39.9238],[-86.325,39.8662],[-86.328,39.8662],[-86.3281,39.8526],[-86.3268,39.6318],[-86.4648,39.6297],[-86.4642,39.6006],[-86.574,39.6002],[-86.6546,39.6001],[-86.6522,39.6087],[-86.6463,39.6128],[-86.6403,39.6201],[-86.6404,39.6305],[-86.6654,39.6305],[-86.6858,39.63],[-86.6853,39.6884],[-86.6849,39.7773],[-86.6845,39.8648],[-86.6929,39.8643],[-86.6937,39.9228],[-86.3267,39.9238]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Hendricks\",\"state\":\"IN\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae3e4b07f02db6890cc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robinson, B.A.","contributorId":63035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Voelker, D. C.","contributorId":36572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voelker","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, R. L.","contributorId":54178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5745,"text":"pp1422D - 1997 - Water quality in the Appalachian Valley and Ridge, the Blue Ridge, and the Piedmont Physiographic Provinces, eastern United States","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":5745,"text":"pp1422D - 1997 - Water quality in the Appalachian Valley and Ridge, the Blue Ridge, and the Piedmont Physiographic Provinces, eastern United States","indexId":"pp1422D","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"chapter":"D","title":"Water quality in the Appalachian Valley and Ridge, the Blue Ridge, and the Piedmont Physiographic Provinces, eastern United States"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70189801,"text":"pp1422 - 2004 - Regional Aquifer-System Analysis— Appalachian Valley and Piedmont","indexId":"pp1422","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"title":"Regional Aquifer-System Analysis— Appalachian Valley and Piedmont"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70189801,"text":"pp1422 - 2004 - Regional Aquifer-System Analysis— Appalachian Valley and Piedmont","indexId":"pp1422","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"title":"Regional Aquifer-System Analysis— Appalachian Valley and Piedmont"},"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-26T13:06:43","indexId":"pp1422D","displayToPublicDate":"1998-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1422","chapter":"D","title":"Water quality in the Appalachian Valley and Ridge, the Blue Ridge, and the Piedmont Physiographic Provinces, eastern United States","docAbstract":"Chemical quality of ground water, spring water, and surface water differs substantially among the three physiographic provinces. Maps showing regional variations for 18 water properties and constituents are included in this Regional Aquifer System Analysis study report. Systematic variations in water quality are due to differences in geologic and hydrologic factors that include the dominant lithology, the availability of soluble minerals, and the degree of exposure of water to rock. Most ground water in the study area is low in concentrations of dissolved minerals, is moderately hard, and is slightly acidic. Spring water is generally harder than ground water and is slightly alkaline; whereas, surface water is softer than the ground water and is also slightly alkaline.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp1422D","usgsCitation":"Briel, L.I., 1997, Water quality in the Appalachian Valley and Ridge, the Blue Ridge, and the Piedmont Physiographic Provinces, eastern United States: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1422, Report: viii, 115 p.; Plate: 22.50 x 28.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1422D.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 115 p.; Plate: 22.50 x 28.00 inches","startPage":"D1","endPage":"D115","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":32322,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1422d/plate-1.pdf","text":"Plate 1","size":"2.98 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate 1"},{"id":32323,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1422d/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"19.65 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":110639,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_76352.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"76352"},{"id":122544,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1422d/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama, Delaware, Georgia, Maryland, New Jersey, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, West Virginia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.916015625,\n 41.04621681452063\n ],\n [\n -75.0146484375,\n 41.68932225997044\n ],\n [\n -75.34423828125,\n 41.88592102814744\n ],\n [\n -75.87158203125,\n 41.902277040963696\n ],\n [\n -76.75048828125,\n 41.65649719441145\n ],\n [\n -78.24462890625,\n 40.91351257612758\n ],\n [\n -80.04638671875,\n 39.8928799002948\n ],\n [\n -80.6396484375,\n 39.07890809706475\n ],\n [\n -82.5732421875,\n 37.38761749978395\n ],\n [\n -84.48486328124999,\n 36.686041276581925\n ],\n [\n -85.078125,\n 36.54494944148322\n ],\n [\n -86.15478515625,\n 36.2265501474709\n ],\n [\n -87.07763671875,\n 35.817813158696616\n ],\n [\n -87.64892578125,\n 35.31736632923788\n ],\n [\n -87.69287109375,\n 34.52466147177172\n ],\n [\n -87.73681640625,\n 33.94335994657882\n ],\n [\n -87.56103515625,\n 33.247875947924385\n ],\n [\n -87.20947265625,\n 32.84267363195431\n ],\n [\n -86.33056640625,\n 32.91648534731439\n ],\n [\n -84.287109375,\n 33.44977658311846\n ],\n [\n -81.93603515625,\n 34.415973384481866\n ],\n [\n -80.15625,\n 35.62158189955968\n ],\n [\n -79.013671875,\n 36.98500309285596\n ],\n [\n -77.62939453125,\n 38.25543637637947\n ],\n [\n -76.79443359375,\n 39.36827914916014\n ],\n [\n -75.78369140625,\n 39.757879992021756\n ],\n [\n -75.3662109375,\n 39.9434364619742\n ],\n [\n -74.68505859374999,\n 40.212440718286466\n ],\n [\n -74.15771484375,\n 40.66397287638688\n ],\n [\n -73.916015625,\n 41.04621681452063\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48f3e4b07f02db55aa83","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Briel, L. I.","contributorId":7265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Briel","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":151511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":28375,"text":"wri974015 - 1997 - Hydraulic properties and ground-water flow in the St Peter-Prairie du Chien-Jordan aquifer, Rochester area, southeastern Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-10T21:40:10.607162","indexId":"wri974015","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-4015","title":"Hydraulic properties and ground-water flow in the St Peter-Prairie du Chien-Jordan aquifer, Rochester area, southeastern Minnesota","docAbstract":"

The hydraulic properties were updated and their effects on ground-water flow in the St. Peter-Prairie du Chien-Jordan aquifer in the Rochester area in southeastern Minnesota were evaluated, using new information compiled since a study by Delin (1990). Since 1988, new information on the hydrogeology of the ground-water system in the Rochester area has become available from well-drilling and construction activity associated with Rochester's rapid growth. The St. Peter-Prairie du Chien-Jordan aquifer consists of the St. Peter Sandstone, the Prairie du Chien Group (limestones and dolomites), and the Jordan Sandstone. Horizontal hydraulic conductivity and transmissivity were determined from 15 aquifer tests and specific-capacity information compiled for 310 wells. A 140-square-mile area of the aquifer bounded on the west, south, and east by a ground-water divide contributes water to the Rochester, Minnesota, municipal wells.

\n

Transmissivities for the St. Peter-Prairie du Chien-Jordan aquifer in the study area range from less than 5,000 square feet per day (ft2/d) to greater than 20,000 ft2/d. Transmissivities greater than 20,000 ft2/d occur in the west-central, northwestern, and east-central parts of the study area. Transmissivities of less than 5,000 ft2/d occur in the northern, northeastern, central, and southern parts of the study area. The areas of greatest potential well yield coincide with areas of greatest transmissivity.

\n

Delin (1990) developed a ground-water-flow model to simulate flow of ground water in the St. Peter-Prairie du Chien-Jordan aquifer in the Rochester area. The 1988 Rochester model was rerun using revised horizontal hydraulic conductivity arrays in the model, based on the transmissivity distribution determined for this study. The results of the simulations using horizontal hydraulic conductivities based on the transmissivity distribution determined for this study may indicate that transmissivity values derived from specific-capacity information generally are too high. The transmissivity distribution determined for this study, however, is valid as an indicator of the spatial variability of the relative magnitude of transmissivity and potential well yield for the St. Peter-Prairie du Chien-Jordan aquifer in the study area.

\n

Water-level changes in wells from January through February 1988 to February through March 1995 ranged from -6.8 to +15.3 feet. Water-level changes in 12 Rochester municipal wells for the same period ranged from -7.4 to +8.0 feet. Water levels in wells generally rose in the northern and eastern parts of the study area and generally declined in the southwestern and western parts. Near Rochester, water levels in wells generally declined near the city boundaries and showed little change or rose in the central part of the city. Water-level changes from 1988 to 1995 near the ground-water divide generally were less than 2 feet, resulting in no appreciable changes in the location of the divide.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Mounds View, MN","doi":"10.3133/wri974015","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Rochester and the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Lindgren, R.J., 1997, Hydraulic properties and ground-water flow in the St Peter-Prairie du Chien-Jordan aquifer, Rochester area, southeastern Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 97-4015, iv, 38 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri974015.","productDescription":"iv, 38 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":424288,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_48647.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":126355,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4015/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57177,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4015/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","county":"Olmsted County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-92.5516,44.1972],[-92.3189,44.1954],[-92.3178,44.1101],[-92.0803,44.1087],[-92.0806,43.8508],[-92.4498,43.8507],[-92.4507,43.8361],[-92.6891,43.8368],[-92.6889,43.8514],[-92.6775,43.8518],[-92.6804,44.1972],[-92.5516,44.1972]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Olmsted\",\"state\":\"MN\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db62a114","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lindgren, R. J.","contributorId":70808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindgren","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":28377,"text":"wri974029 - 1997 - Hydrogeology and ground-water quality of confined aquifers in buried valleys in Rock County, Minnesota and Minnehaha County, South Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-12T13:12:50","indexId":"wri974029","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-4029","title":"Hydrogeology and ground-water quality of confined aquifers in buried valleys in Rock County, Minnesota and Minnehaha County, South Dakota","docAbstract":"

Confined glacial and bedrock aquifers are present within Quaternary and Cretaceous deposits that fill buried valleys incised in the Sioux Quartzite surface in Rock County, in southwestern Minnesota and Minnehaha County, South Dakota. This report describes the areal extent, thickness, water-bearing characteristics, water-supply potential, and water-quality characteristics of confined aquifers within buriedvalley deposits in Rock County.

\n

Hydrogeologic units present within buried-valley deposits in Rock County include unconfined and confined drift aquifers, undifferentiated Cretaceous aquifers, the Split Rock Creek aquifer, and interbedded confining units. The undifferentiated Cretaceous aquifers consist of sandstone layers within interbedded claystone and siltstone overlying the Split Rock Creek Formation or Sioux Quartzite. The Split Rock Creek Formation consisting of sand units (comprising the Split Rock Creek aquifer) and interbedded layers of siltstone and claystone, is present in buried valleys incised in the Sioux Quartzite surface in southern and possibly northeastern Rock County, Minnesota.

\n

Confined drift aquifers with thicknesses greater than 5 feet were penetrated in 6 of 10 test holes. Thicknesses of the confined drift aquifers in Rock County range from at least 2 to greater than 32 feet. Estimated horizontal hydraulic conductivity for a confined drift aquifer derived from specific-capacity information from one domestic well log was 73 feet per day.

\n

No major (thickness greater than 5 feet) undifferentiated Cretaceous aquifers were penetrated in 10 test holes. Thicknesses of the undifferentiated Cretaceous aquifers compiled from the geologic logs for four domestic wells ranged from at least 7 feet to greater than 46 feet. Estimated horizontal hydraulic conductivity for an undifferentiated Cretaceous aquifer derived from specific-capacity information from one domestic well log was 55 feet per day.

\n

Cumulative sand thicknesses for the Split Rock Creek aquifer in 10 test holes ranged from zero to 128.5 feet in 2 to 6 layers. The largest cumulative sand thicknesses were penetrated near the southern margin of the Sioux Quartzite high in northern Rock County and in an east-west trending buried valley (Brandon Embayment) entering Rock County from Minnehaha County, South Dakota. These comparatively large cumulative sand thicknesses are probably due to a high-energy depositional environment.

\n

Estimated horizontal hydraulic conductivities for the Split Rock Creek aquifer in Rock County derived from analysis of three slug tests were 0.1, 0.2, and 1 foot per day. The corresponding aquifer transmissivities, calculated as the horizontal hydraulic conductivity multiplied by the cumulative sand thickness, were 3, 16, and 130 feet squared per day. The greatest horizontal hydraulic conductivity and transmissivity estimates were for a site near the southern margin of the Sioux Quartzite high. The watersupply potential of the Split Rock Creek aquifer in Rock County is generally limited by the low transmissivity of the aquifer due to the fineness of the aquifer material (generally very fine- to fine-grained sand).

\n

Recharge to the Split Rock Creek aquifer is thought to be derived primarily from hydraulic connection to the Sioux Quartzite aquifer as infiltration of precipitation moves through the fractures and joints of the Sioux Quartzite to the Split Rock Creek aquifer. The regional directions of flow in the aquifer are to the south away from the Sioux Quartzite high and to the west in the Brandon Embayment in Minnehaha County and its east-west trending extension into Rock County.

\n

The predominant ions in water from two wells screened in confined drift aquifers in Rock County were calcium and bicarbonate and in water from a third well were calcium and sulfate. The predominant ions in water from one well screened in an undifferentiated Cretaceous aquifer in Rock County were calcium and bicarbonate and in water from a second well were calcium and sulfate. The predominant ions in water from two wells screened in the Split Rock Creek aquifer in Rock County were calcium and bicarbonate and in water from a third well were calcium and sulfate.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Mounds View, MN","doi":"10.3133/wri974029","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Lindgren, R.J., 1997, Hydrogeology and ground-water quality of confined aquifers in buried valleys in Rock County, Minnesota and Minnehaha County, South Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 97-4029, iv, 30 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri974029.","productDescription":"iv, 30 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":57179,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4029/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":119032,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4029/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota, South Dakota","county":"Minnehaha County, Rock County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-96.053,43.8525],[-96.0526,43.5028],[-96.0841,43.5027],[-96.4541,43.5026],[-96.5974,43.5021],[-96.6133,43.5014],[-96.9235,43.5002],[-97.1293,43.5002],[-97.1286,43.8496],[-96.8899,43.8501],[-96.77,43.8486],[-96.6463,43.8482],[-96.5307,43.848],[-96.454,43.8502],[-96.4532,43.8502],[-96.4532,43.8515],[-96.0657,43.8527],[-96.053,43.8525]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Rock\",\"state\":\"MN\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db625664","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lindgren, R. J.","contributorId":70808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindgren","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}