{"pageNumber":"2840","pageRowStart":"70975","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184554,"records":[{"id":70026187,"text":"70026187 - 2003 - Temperature, pressure, and compositional effects on anomalous or \"self\" preservation of gas hydrates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:21","indexId":"70026187","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1173,"text":"Canadian Journal of Physics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Temperature, pressure, and compositional effects on anomalous or \"self\" preservation of gas hydrates","docAbstract":"We previously reported on a thermal regime where pure, polycrystalline methane hydrate is preserved metastably in bulk at up to 75 K above its nominal temperature stability limit of 193 K at 0.1 MPa, following rapid release of the sample pore pressure. Large fractions (>50 vol.%) of methane hydrate can be preserved for 2-3 weeks by this method, reflecting the greatly suppressed rates of dissociation that characterize this \"anomalous preservation\" regime. This behavior contrasts that exhibited by methane hydrate at both colder (193-240 K) and warmer (272-290 K) isothermal test conditions, where dissociation rates increase monotonically with increasing temperature. Here, we report on recent experiments that further investigate the effects of temperature, pressure, and composition on anomalous preservation behavior. All tests conducted on sI methane hydrate yielded self-consistent results that confirm the highly temperature-sensitive but reproducible nature of anomalous preservation behavior. Temperature-stepping experiments conducted between 250 and 268 K corroborate the relative rates measured previously in isothermal preservation tests, and elevated pore-pressure tests showed that, as expected, dissociation rates are further reduced with increasing pressure. Surprisingly, sII methane-ethane hydrate was found to exhibit no comparable preservation effect when rapidly depressurized at 268 K, even though it is thermodynamically stable at higher temperatures and lower pressures than sI methane hydrate. These results, coupled with SEM imaging of quenched sample material from a variety of dissociation tests, strongly support our earlier arguments that ice-\"shielding\" effects provided by partial dissociation along hydrate grain surfaces do not serve as the primary mechanism for anomalous preservation. The underlying physical-chemistry mechanism(s) of anomalous preservation remains elusive, but appears to be based more on textural or morphological changes within the hydrate material itself, rather than on compositional zoning or ice-rind development.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Physics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1139/p03-018","issn":"00084204","usgsCitation":"Stern, L., Circone, S., Kirby, S.H., and Durham, W., 2003, Temperature, pressure, and compositional effects on anomalous or \"self\" preservation of gas hydrates: Canadian Journal of Physics, v. 81, no. 1-2, p. 271-283, https://doi.org/10.1139/p03-018.","startPage":"271","endPage":"283","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234775,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208782,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p03-018"}],"volume":"81","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba4d0e4b08c986b3205dd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stern, L.A.","contributorId":38293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stern","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Circone, S.","contributorId":35901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Circone","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kirby, S. H.","contributorId":51721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirby","given":"S.","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Durham, W.B.","contributorId":72135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Durham","given":"W.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70180865,"text":"70180865 - 2003 - Demography of Dall's sheep in northwestern Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-06T08:41:44","indexId":"70180865","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":897,"text":"Arctic Research of the United States","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Demography of Dall's sheep in northwestern Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>Dall’s sheep in northwestern Alaska declined in the early 1990s following the severe 1989-90 and 1990-91 winters. In the Baird Mountains of Noatak National Preserve, estimates of adult sheep declined by 50% from 800 in 1989 to under 400 in 1991. Population counts remained low throughout 1991 to 1996, reaching a minimum of 244 adult sheep in 1996. Few lambs were observed during annual midsummer aerial surveys in 1991 to 1994. We suspect that these declines resulted from a combination of poorer nutritional condition and increased vulnerability of sheep to predation resulting from severe winter conditions.</p><p>As a result of these declines, both subsistence and sport hunting seasons were closed by emergency order in 1991, resulting in substantial management controversy. The affected publics, although willing to accept the closures, questioned the validity of the sheep survey data and strongly emphasized their interest in restoring harvests as soon as populations increased sufficiently. In 1995 the Northwest Arctic Regional Advisory Council, the local advisory committee for the Federal Subsistence Board, passed a motion supporting efforts to initiate research on sheep populations in the region to better understand the factors limiting sheep populations and to evaluate sheep survey methodologies.</p><p>Currently estimates of Dall’s sheep population size and composition in the western Brooks Range are based on intensive fixed-wing aerial surveys conducted annually since 1986 in areas including the Baird Mountains. The annual variation in recent Baird Mountains aerial counts cannot be explained with reasonable assumptions about reproduction and survival, suggesting that there is some variability in the proportion of the population observed each year or that a substantial number of sheep move during the survey. Prior to our research, no attempt had been made to estimate visibility bias or precision for these surveys.</p><p>Our understanding of Dall’s sheep population biology comes largely from studies in central or southern Alaska and the southern Yukon. However, sheep in northwestern Alaska are at the northwestern extreme of their range and live in a less hospitable environment characterized by short growing seasons and long, severe winters. We expect patterns of productivity and survival for sheep in Noatak National Preserve to differ from the more southerly populations. To adequately manage sheep harvests in northwestern Alaska, we need a better understanding of sheep demography. Along with unbiased population estimates, understanding the dynamics of sheep populations in the region will allow population models to be developed that can provide focus for a useful dialog on management goals and strategies and facilitate a cooperative strategy for managing sheep harvests in northwestern Alaska.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"National Science Foundation","publisherLocation":"Arlington, VA","usgsCitation":"Kleckner, C., Udevitz, M.S., Adams, L., and Shults, B.S., 2003, Demography of Dall's sheep in northwestern Alaska: Arctic Research of the United States, v. 16, no. 2, p. 68-73.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"68","endPage":"73","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334795,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":334793,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.arctic.gov/publications/related/arotus.html"},{"id":334802,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.nsf.gov/pubs/2003/nsf03021/nsf03021_11.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Noatak National Preserve","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -162.39990234375,\n              67.27628693406152\n            ],\n            [\n              -162.39990234375,\n              68.17563985633973\n            ],\n            [\n              -159.27978515625,\n              68.17563985633973\n            ],\n            [\n              -159.27978515625,\n              67.27628693406152\n            ],\n            [\n              -162.39990234375,\n              67.27628693406152\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"16","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"589847a8e4b0efcedb7072d5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kleckner, Christopher","contributorId":179099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kleckner","given":"Christopher","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":662628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Udevitz, Mark S. 0000-0003-4659-138X mudevitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4659-138X","contributorId":3189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Udevitz","given":"Mark","email":"mudevitz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":662629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Adams, Layne G. 0000-0001-6212-2896 ladams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6212-2896","contributorId":2776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Layne G.","email":"ladams@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":662630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shults, Brad S.","contributorId":46413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shults","given":"Brad","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70025135,"text":"70025135 - 2003 - Relations between seismicity and deformation during unrest in Long Valley Caldera, California, from 1995 through 1999","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:57","indexId":"70025135","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Relations between seismicity and deformation during unrest in Long Valley Caldera, California, from 1995 through 1999","docAbstract":"Unrest in Long Valley Caldera and the adjacent Sierra Nevada from 1995 through 2000 was dominated by three major episodes: (1) the March-April 1996 earthquake swarm in the east lobe of the south moat; (2) the July 1997-January 1998 caldera-wide unrest; and (3) a sequence of three M>5 earthquakes (9 June 1998, 13 July 1998, and 15 May 1999 UT) located in the Sierra Nevada block immediately south of the caldera. These three unrest episodes each had distinct characteristics with distinct implications for associated hazards. Seismicity developed as earthquake swarms for the 1996 and 1997-98 episodes, both of which were within the caldera. In contrast, the series of three M>5 earthquakes south of the caldera in 1998-99 each developed as a mainshock-aftershock sequence. Marginal deformation within the caldera associated with the 1996 swarm and the 1998-99 M>5 earthquakes is consistent with the cumulative seismic moments for the respective sequences. Deformation associated with the 1997-98 episode, however, was roughly five times larger than can be accounted for by the cumulative seismic moment of the associated earthquake swarm. We conclude that the 1997-98 episode was associated with mass transport (local intrusion of magma or magmatic brine) and that the associated earthquake swarm activity, which had a relatively high b -value of 1.2, was largely driven by the intrusive process. In contrast, the 1996 earthquake swarm and the 1998-99 M>5 mainshock-aftershock sequences, both with 'normal' b -values of ???0.9, represent brittle relaxation to previously accumulated stresses associated with little or no mass transport. These relations emphasize the importance of simultaneous, real-time monitoring of both seismicity and deformation as a basis for judging whether an evolving unrest episode has the potential for culminating in a volcanic eruption. ?? 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0377-0273(03)00169-0","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Hill, D., Langbein, J.O., and Prejean, S., 2003, Relations between seismicity and deformation during unrest in Long Valley Caldera, California, from 1995 through 1999: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 127, no. 3-4, p. 175-193, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-0273(03)00169-0.","startPage":"175","endPage":"193","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209498,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0377-0273(03)00169-0"},{"id":236024,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"127","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a700e4b0e8fec6cdc333","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hill, D.P.","contributorId":27432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"D.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Langbein, J. O.","contributorId":39404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langbein","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Prejean, S.","contributorId":103442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prejean","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70025344,"text":"70025344 - 2003 - Global carbon sequestration in tidal, saline wetland soils","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-06T21:07:51.616223","indexId":"70025344","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1836,"text":"Global Biogeochemical Cycles","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Global carbon sequestration in tidal, saline wetland soils","docAbstract":"<p><span>Wetlands represent the largest component of the terrestrial biological&nbsp;</span>carbon<span>&nbsp;pool and thus play an important role&nbsp;</span>in<span>&nbsp;</span>global<span>&nbsp;</span>carbon<span>&nbsp;cycles. Most&nbsp;</span>global<span>&nbsp;</span>carbon<span>&nbsp;budgets, however, have focused on dry land ecosystems that extend over large areas and have not accounted for the many small, scattered&nbsp;</span>carbon<span>-storing ecosystems such as&nbsp;</span>tidal<span>&nbsp;</span>saline<span>&nbsp;wetlands. We compiled data for 154 sites&nbsp;</span>in<span>&nbsp;mangroves and salt marshes from the western and eastern Atlantic and Pacific coasts, as well as the Indian Ocean, Mediterranean Ocean, and Gulf of Mexico. The set of sites spans a latitudinal range from 22.4°S&nbsp;</span>in<span>&nbsp;the Indian Ocean to 55.5°N&nbsp;</span>in<span>&nbsp;the northeastern Atlantic. The average&nbsp;</span>soil<span>&nbsp;</span>carbon<span>&nbsp;density of mangrove swamps (0.055 ± 0.004 g cm</span><sup>-3</sup><span>) is significantly higher than the salt marsh average (0.039 ± 0.003 g cm</span><sup>-3</sup><span>).&nbsp;</span>Soil<span>&nbsp;</span>carbon<span>&nbsp;density&nbsp;</span>in<span>&nbsp;mangrove swamps and Spartina patens marshes declines with increasing average annual temperature, probably due to increased decay rates at higher temperatures.&nbsp;</span>In<span>&nbsp;contrast,&nbsp;</span>carbon<span>&nbsp;</span>sequestration<span>&nbsp;rates were not significantly different between mangrove swamps and salt marshes. Variability&nbsp;</span>in<span>&nbsp;sediment accumulation rates within marshes is a major control of&nbsp;</span>carbon<span>&nbsp;</span>sequestration<span>&nbsp;rates masking any relationship with climatic parameters. Globally, these combined wetlands store at least 44.6 Tg C yr</span><sup>-1</sup><span>&nbsp;and probably more, as detailed areal inventories are not available for salt marshes&nbsp;</span>in<span>&nbsp;China and South America. Much attention has been given to the role of freshwater wetlands, particularly northern peatlands, as&nbsp;</span>carbon<span>&nbsp;sinks.&nbsp;</span>In<span>&nbsp;contrast to peatlands, salt marshes and mangroves release negligible amounts of greenhouse gases and store more&nbsp;</span>carbon<span>&nbsp;per unit area.&nbsp;</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2002gb001917","issn":"08866236","usgsCitation":"Chmura, G., Anisfeld, S., Cahoon, D.R., and Lynch, J., 2003, Global carbon sequestration in tidal, saline wetland soils: Global Biogeochemical Cycles, v. 17, no. 4, 1111, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2002gb001917.","productDescription":"1111, 12 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":489947,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2002gb001917","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":387735,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-12-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a293ae4b0c8380cd5a789","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chmura, G.L.","contributorId":70934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chmura","given":"G.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anisfeld, S.C.","contributorId":36729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anisfeld","given":"S.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cahoon, Donald R. 0000-0002-2591-5667","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2591-5667","contributorId":65424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cahoon","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":404830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lynch, J.C.","contributorId":25104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lynch","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70025134,"text":"70025134 - 2003 - Evaluation of specific ultraviolet absorbance as an indicator of the chemical composition and reactivity of dissolved organic carbon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-04T13:25:57","indexId":"70025134","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of specific ultraviolet absorbance as an indicator of the chemical composition and reactivity of dissolved organic carbon","docAbstract":"Specific UV absorbance (SUVA) is defined as the UV absorbance of a water sample at a given wavelength normalized for dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration. Our data indicate that SUVA, determined at 254 nm, is strongly correlated with percent aromaticity as determined by 13C NMR for 13 organic matter isolates obtained from a variety of aquatic environments. SUVA, therefore, is shown to be a useful parameter for estimating the dissolved aromatic carbon content in aquatic systems. Experiments involving the reactivity of DOC with chlorine and tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH), however, show a wide range of reactivity for samples with similar SUVA values. These results indicate that, while SUVA measurements are good predictors of general chemical characteristics of DOC, they do not provide information about reactivity of DOC derived from different types of source materials. Sample pH, nitrate, and iron were found to influence SUVA measurements.","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es030360x","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Weishaar, J., Aiken, G.R., Bergamaschi, B., Fram, M.S., Fujii, R., and Mopper, K., 2003, Evaluation of specific ultraviolet absorbance as an indicator of the chemical composition and reactivity of dissolved organic carbon: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 37, no. 20, p. 4702-4708, https://doi.org/10.1021/es030360x.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"4702","endPage":"4708","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438876,"rank":1,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9SBK2DZ","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Stream and River Chemistry in Watersheds of Northwestern Alaska, 2015-2019"},{"id":235988,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"20","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-09-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0cc5e4b0c8380cd52cb9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weishaar, J.L.","contributorId":99754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weishaar","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aiken, George R. 0000-0001-8454-0984 graiken@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8454-0984","contributorId":1322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiken","given":"George","email":"graiken@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":403951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bergamaschi, Brian A. 0000-0002-9610-5581 bbergama@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9610-5581","contributorId":1448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergamaschi","given":"Brian A.","email":"bbergama@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":403952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fram, Miranda S. 0000-0002-6337-059X mfram@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6337-059X","contributorId":1156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fram","given":"Miranda","email":"mfram@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":403955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fujii, Roger rfujii@usgs.gov","contributorId":553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fujii","given":"Roger","email":"rfujii@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":403953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mopper, K.","contributorId":63211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mopper","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70026203,"text":"70026203 - 2003 - Hankin and Reeves' approach to estimating fish abundance in small streams: Limitations and alternatives","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:35","indexId":"70026203","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hankin and Reeves' approach to estimating fish abundance in small streams: Limitations and alternatives","docAbstract":"Hankin and Reeves' (1988) approach to estimating fish abundance in small streams has been applied in stream fish studies across North America. However, their population estimator relies on two key assumptions: (1) removal estimates are equal to the true numbers of fish, and (2) removal estimates are highly correlated with snorkel counts within a subset of sampled stream units. Violations of these assumptions may produce suspect results. To determine possible sources of the assumption violations, I used data on the abundance of steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss from Hankin and Reeves' (1988) in a simulation composed of 50,000 repeated, stratified systematic random samples from a spatially clustered distribution. The simulation was used to investigate effects of a range of removal estimates, from 75% to 100% of true fish abundance, on overall stream fish population estimates. The effects of various categories of removal-estimates-to-snorkel-count correlation levels (r = 0.75-1.0) on fish population estimates were also explored. Simulation results indicated that Hankin and Reeves' approach may produce poor results unless removal estimates exceed at least 85% of the true number of fish within sampled units and unless correlations between removal estimates and snorkel counts are at least 0.90. A potential modification to Hankin and Reeves' approach is the inclusion of environmental covariates that affect detection rates of fish into the removal model or other mark-recapture model. A potential alternative approach is to use snorkeling combined with line transect sampling to estimate fish densities within stream units. As with any method of population estimation, a pilot study should be conducted to evaluate its usefulness, which requires a known (or nearly so) population of fish to serve as a benchmark for evaluating bias and precision of estimators.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(2003)132<0069:HARATE>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00028487","usgsCitation":"Thompson, W., 2003, Hankin and Reeves' approach to estimating fish abundance in small streams: Limitations and alternatives: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 132, no. 1, p. 69-75, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(2003)132<0069:HARATE>2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"69","endPage":"75","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208926,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(2003)132<0069:HARATE>2.0.CO;2"},{"id":235032,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"132","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2f6ee4b0c8380cd5cda7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thompson, W.L.","contributorId":83234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"W.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70026202,"text":"70026202 - 2003 - New and unique U.S. magnetic database is forthcoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-21T19:08:10.887837","indexId":"70026202","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2610,"text":"Leading Edge (Tulsa, OK)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"New and unique U.S. magnetic database is forthcoming","docAbstract":"<p>A<span>n exciting and cost-effective opportunity to acquire a new U.S. magnetic anomaly database exists in calendar year 2004. High Altitude Mapping Missions Incorporated (HAMM) is currently planning an airborne mission to collect high-resolution Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (IFSAR) imagery at an altitude of about 15 km, with a flight-line spacing of about 14 km over the conterminous United States and Alaska. Total and vector magnetic field data will also be collected as a secondary mission objective (i.e., a “piggy-back” magnetometer system). Because HAMM would fund the main flight costs of the mission, the geomagnetic community would acquire invaluable magnetic data at a nominal cost. These unique data should provide new insights on fundamental tectonic and thermal processes and give a new view of the structural and lithologic framework of continental areas and offshore regions.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"SEG Library","doi":"10.1190/1.1885534","issn":"1070485X","usgsCitation":"Hildenbrand, T., Hinze, W., Randy, K.G., Labson, V., and Roest, W., 2003, New and unique U.S. magnetic database is forthcoming: Leading Edge (Tulsa, OK), v. 22, no. 1, p. 50-51, https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1885534.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"50","endPage":"51","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":388305,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6557e4b0c8380cd72b7c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hildenbrand, T.","contributorId":10207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hildenbrand","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hinze, W.","contributorId":82510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hinze","given":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Randy, Keller G.","contributorId":39990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Randy","given":"Keller","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Labson, V.","contributorId":56013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Labson","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Roest, W.","contributorId":17382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roest","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70025342,"text":"70025342 - 2003 - Debris-flow deposits and watershed erosion rates near southern Death Valley, CA, United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-14T14:42:19.283233","indexId":"70025342","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Debris-flow deposits and watershed erosion rates near southern Death Valley, CA, United States","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"International conference on debris-flow hazards mitigation: Mechanics, prediction, and assessment, proceedings","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"3rd International Conference on Debris-Flow Hazards Mitigation: Mechanics, Prediction, and Assessment","conferenceDate":"September 10-13, 2003","conferenceLocation":"Davos, Switzerland","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Schmidt, K., and Menges, C., 2003, Debris-flow deposits and watershed erosion rates near southern Death Valley, CA, United States, <i>in</i> International conference on debris-flow hazards mitigation: Mechanics, prediction, and assessment, proceedings, v. 1, Davos, Switzerland, September 10-13, 2003, p. 219-230.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"219","endPage":"230","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235817,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Death Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -117.09168268833939,\n              36.57141032623183\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.09447107639252,\n              36.477298442956695\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.04149170338687,\n              36.34939216396741\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.08331752418069,\n              36.29772124377398\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.05822203170462,\n              36.250513534782485\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.08331752418069,\n              36.178523108597645\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.03033815117504,\n              36.01179174407274\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.92995618127,\n              35.923777556313595\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.93274456932278,\n              35.81757888385465\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.89649552463487,\n              35.63422191648942\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.71803868924775,\n              35.85374760212055\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.63996382376601,\n              35.801749885412974\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.59534961491906,\n              35.636488154900064\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.3527598543148,\n              35.64781838304155\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.46429536472772,\n              35.82888349694615\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.71525028949065,\n              36.03659863189414\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.74034578196708,\n              36.31120403372617\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.83236258771345,\n              36.432443150467606\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.724328973914,\n              36.53823008078409\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.80798061550166,\n              36.596457435703655\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.09168268833939,\n              36.57141032623183\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fdf7e4b0c8380cd4ea33","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Rickenmann, D.","contributorId":303046,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rickenmann","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":866404,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chen, Chiu-Lan","contributorId":100979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chen","given":"Chiu-Lan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":866405,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Schmidt, K. M. 0000-0003-2365-8035","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2365-8035","contributorId":59830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"K. M.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":404824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Menges, C.M.","contributorId":71200,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Menges","given":"C.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70025133,"text":"70025133 - 2003 - The interactive effects of UV-B and insecticide exposure on tadpole survival, growth and development","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-01T11:24:59","indexId":"70025133","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The interactive effects of UV-B and insecticide exposure on tadpole survival, growth and development","docAbstract":"Because declines within amphibian populations can seldom be attributed to a single cause, it is important to focus on multiple stressors, both natural and anthropogenic. Variables such as UV-B radiation and chemical contamination can interact with one another in ways that might not be predicted from single-factor studies. We exposed southern leopard frog (Rana sphenocephala) tadpoles to the insecticide carbaryl and varying intensities of UV-B radiation in artificial ponds and examined their effects on survival, size at metamorphosis, and the duration of the larval period. Tadpole survival to metamorphosis was positively influenced by UV-B intensity. Tadpoles in ponds exposed to carbaryl contained over three times more algae and yielded larger metamorphs than control ponds. Although previous laboratory studies have indicated carbaryl becomes more toxic in the presence of UV-B, we did not find such an effect, perhaps because of the protection afforded by dissolved organic carbon within the ponds. Our research emphasizes the importance of conducting field studies to more accurately predict what occurs under a natural setting. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0006-3207(02)00348-8","issn":"00063207","usgsCitation":"Bridges, C.M., and Boone, M.D., 2003, The interactive effects of UV-B and insecticide exposure on tadpole survival, growth and development: Biological Conservation, v. 113, no. 1, p. 49-54, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3207(02)00348-8.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"49","endPage":"54","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235987,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209484,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3207(02)00348-8"}],"volume":"113","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bad4fe4b08c986b323b19","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bridges, Christine M.","contributorId":173847,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bridges","given":"Christine","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boone, Michelle D.","contributorId":55361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boone","given":"Michelle","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70179229,"text":"70179229 - 2003 - Bacterial kidney disease","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-22T11:07:32","indexId":"70179229","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Bacterial kidney disease","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Suggested procedures for the detection and identification of certain finfish and shellfish pathogens. Blue Book 5th Edition","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","usgsCitation":"Pascho, R.J., and Elliott, D.G., 2003, Bacterial kidney disease, chap. <i>of</i> Suggested procedures for the detection and identification of certain finfish and shellfish pathogens. Blue Book 5th Edition, p. 1.14.1-1.14.14.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1.14.1","endPage":"1.14.14","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":332467,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"585cf4fde4b01224f329bcc0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pascho, Ronald J.","contributorId":177070,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pascho","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Elliott, Diane G. 0000-0002-4809-6692 dgelliott@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4809-6692","contributorId":2947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elliott","given":"Diane","email":"dgelliott@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":656466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70025340,"text":"70025340 - 2003 - Safety of Aquaflor (florfenicol, 50% Type A Medicated Article), administered in feed to channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-03-15T14:59:02.863119","indexId":"70025340","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3607,"text":"Toxicologic Pathology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Safety of Aquaflor (florfenicol, 50% Type A Medicated Article), administered in feed to channel catfish, <i>Ictalurus punctatus</i>","title":"Safety of Aquaflor (florfenicol, 50% Type A Medicated Article), administered in feed to channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus","docAbstract":"<p>Aquaflor, a feed premix containing the broad spectrum antibacterial agent florfenicol (50% w/w), is being developed for use to control enteric septicemia (ESC) in channel catfish<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Ictalurus punctatus</i><span>&nbsp;</span>caused by the gram-negative enterobacterium<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Edwardsiella ictaluri</i>. The recommended dose of Aquaflor to control ESC is 10 mg/kg body weight (BW)/day for 10 days. The study objective was to determine the safety of Aquaflor administered in feed to channel catfish at doses of 0 (control), 10, 30, and 50 mg/kg BW/day for 20 consecutive days. Parameters evaluated included daily mortality, behavioral (appetite, distribution, flight/fright response), and water chemistry observations, initial and terminal weight measurements, and gross and microscopic pathology. Medicated feed consumption was 67—86% of target with group mean doses of 8.5 mg/kg BW/day, 24.6 mg/kg BW/day, and 34.9 mg/kg BW/day. There were no mortalities or clinically observable changes noted at any of the dose levels tested. Aquaflor-related changes were limited to the food consumption and histopathology data. Although Aquaflor-related decreased feed consumption was noted in the 30 and 50 mg/kg BW/day groups, there were no differences in fish growth among the treatment groups. Aquaflor-related histopathology findings were limited to a histomorphologically evident dose-dependent decrease in hematopoietic/lymphopoietic tissue in the anterior kidneys, posterior kidneys, and spleens of channel catfish.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Toxicologic Pathology","doi":"10.1080%2F01926230390241828","issn":"01926233","usgsCitation":"Gaikowski, M., Wolf, J., Endris, R.G., and Gingerich, W.H., 2003, Safety of Aquaflor (florfenicol, 50% Type A Medicated Article), administered in feed to channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus: Toxicologic Pathology, v. 31, no. 6, p. 689-697, https://doi.org/10.1080%2F01926230390241828.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"689","endPage":"697","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235815,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-10-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aafbbe4b0c8380cd8775e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gaikowski, Mark P. 0000-0002-6507-9341 mgaikowski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6507-9341","contributorId":149357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaikowski","given":"Mark P.","email":"mgaikowski@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":404819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wolf, Jeffrey C.","contributorId":17931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolf","given":"Jeffrey C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Endris, Richard G.","contributorId":44784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Endris","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gingerich, William H.","contributorId":36086,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gingerich","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70025239,"text":"70025239 - 2003 - Rheology of the lithosphere inferred from postseismic uplift following the 1959 Hebgen Lake earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:58","indexId":"70025239","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rheology of the lithosphere inferred from postseismic uplift following the 1959 Hebgen Lake earthquake","docAbstract":"We have modeled the broad postseismic uplift measured by geodetic leveling in the epicentral area of the 1959 Mw = 7.3 Hebgen Lake, Montana earthquake, a normal faulting event in the northern Basin and Range province. To fit the observed uplift we calculate synthetic postseismic deformation using the relaxation response of a gravitational viscoelastic Earth to the earthquake. For a model with an elastic plate overlying a viscoelastic half-space, we find that the elastic thickness is 38 ?? 8 km, which isclose to the local crustal thickness. The half-space viscosity is estimated at 4 ?? 1018??0.5 Pa s. The leveling data do not require a viscous lower crust but permit a lower bound viscosity of 1020 Pa s. The observed broad uplift cannot be explained by physically plausible afterslip on and below the coseismic fault. However, local deformation across the coseismic surface rupture requires shallow afterslip reaching the surface. The postseismic deformation induced by the estimated viscoelastic structure decays exponentially with a time constant of ???15 years. Because of coupling between the elastic layer and the viscoelastic substrate, this relaxation time is significantly longer than the 2 year Maxwell relaxation time of the viscous half-space itself. Our result suggests the importance of postseismic relaxation in interpreting high-precision global positioning system velocities. For example, our model results suggest that postseismic transient velocities from both the 1959 Hebgen Lake and the 1983 Mw = 6.9 Borah Peak earthquakes are currently as large as 1-2 mm/yr.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Nishimura, T., and Thatcher, W., 2003, Rheology of the lithosphere inferred from postseismic uplift following the 1959 Hebgen Lake earthquake: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 108, no. 8.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235993,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"108","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aad3ee4b0c8380cd86e7a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nishimura, T.","contributorId":94834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nishimura","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thatcher, W.","contributorId":32669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thatcher","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70025132,"text":"70025132 - 2003 - The Mendocino crustal conveyor: Making and breaking the California crust","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-06T21:12:50.243944","indexId":"70025132","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2020,"text":"International Geology Review","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Mendocino crustal conveyor: Making and breaking the California crust","docAbstract":"<p><span>The northward migration of the Mendocino triple junction has resulted in a fundamental modification of the crust of coastal California. As a consequence of viscous coupling between the southern edge of the Gorda slab and the base of the North American crust beneath the Coast Ranges of central and northern California, the crust of coastal California was first thickened and then thinned. This viscous coupling and ephemeral crustal thickening has produced a distinctive pattern of uplift that allows us to map the three-dimensional extent of crustal modification. This pattern of crustal deformation has combined with the strain field of the developing San Andreas fault system to produce the observed pattern of near-surface deformation. The rapid rise in heat flow south of the triple junction observed in the northern Coast Ranges is a direct consequence of development and removal of the crustal welt that migrated with the triple junction.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.2747/0020-6814.45.9.767","issn":"00206814","usgsCitation":"Furlong, K., Lock, J., Guzofski, C., Whitlock, J., and Benz, H., 2003, The Mendocino crustal conveyor: Making and breaking the California crust: International Geology Review, v. 45, no. 9, p. 767-779, https://doi.org/10.2747/0020-6814.45.9.767.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"767","endPage":"779","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":387743,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Mendocino Triple Junction","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -125.5078125,\n              39.26628442213066\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.11279296875001,\n              39.26628442213066\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.11279296875001,\n              41.52502957323801\n            ],\n            [\n              -125.5078125,\n              41.52502957323801\n            ],\n            [\n              -125.5078125,\n              39.26628442213066\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"45","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba7e0e4b08c986b321868","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Furlong, K.P.","contributorId":35490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Furlong","given":"K.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lock, J.","contributorId":40784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lock","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Guzofski, C.","contributorId":18950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guzofski","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Whitlock, J.","contributorId":36732,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitlock","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Benz, H.","contributorId":61953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benz","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70025128,"text":"70025128 - 2003 - Atmospheric microbiology in the northern Caribbean during African dust events","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:27","indexId":"70025128","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":667,"text":"Aerobiologia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Atmospheric microbiology in the northern Caribbean during African dust events","docAbstract":"Between July 2000 and August 2001 forty-three air samples were collected in the northern Caribbean: Twenty-six in the US Virgin Islands, and 17 samples aboard ship during two 1-week cruises. Samples were collected during African dust events and non-dust conditions and screened for the presence of culturable bacteria and fungi. A total of 3,652 liters of air were collected during non-dust conditions, with 19 bacteria and 28 fungi being recovered. During dust conditions a total of 2,369 liters of air were screened resulting in the recovery of 171 bacteria and 76 fungi. A statistically significant difference was found between the two data sets. These results support previous African dust research and further demonstrate that dust particles can serve as a vessel for the global dispersion of bacteria and fungi. Dustborne microorganisms may play a significant role in the ecology and health of downwind ecosystems.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Aerobiologia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1023/B:AERO.0000006530.32845.8d","issn":"03935965","usgsCitation":"Griffin, D., Kellogg, C., Garrison, V., Lisle, J., Borden, T., and Shinn, E., 2003, Atmospheric microbiology in the northern Caribbean during African dust events: Aerobiologia, v. 19, no. 3-4, p. 143-157, https://doi.org/10.1023/B:AERO.0000006530.32845.8d.","startPage":"143","endPage":"157","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209454,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:AERO.0000006530.32845.8d"},{"id":235918,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eec3e4b0c8380cd49f39","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Griffin, Dale W.","contributorId":23668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffin","given":"Dale W.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":403931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kellogg, C.A.","contributorId":13408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kellogg","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Garrison, V.H.","contributorId":70731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garrison","given":"V.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lisle, J.T. 0000-0002-5447-2092","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5447-2092","contributorId":16965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lisle","given":"J.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Borden, T.C.","contributorId":77721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Borden","given":"T.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Shinn, E.A.","contributorId":38610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shinn","given":"E.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70025240,"text":"70025240 - 2003 - Formation of 'Beach Rock' at Siesta Key, Florida and its influence on barrier island development","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:58","indexId":"70025240","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Formation of 'Beach Rock' at Siesta Key, Florida and its influence on barrier island development","docAbstract":"Seaward-dipping strata of carbonate-cemented shell debris located along the coast of Siesta Key on the Gulf Coast of the Florida peninsula have long been interpreted to be beachrock equivalent in age to the Pleistocene Anastasia Formation (Stage 5e) of the east coast of Florida. Detailed examination of thin sections along with radiometric dating and isotopic analyses demonstrates clearly that this is a Holocene deposit that is not beachrock but was lithified in a meteoric environment. Whole rock dates, dates from shells only, and from cement only demonstrate that these beach deposits were in place by at least 1800 yr BP and might have been there as long ago as 4300 yr BP. This means that some type of barrier island was in place at that time. Previous investigations have depicted Siesta Key as having a maximum age of 3000 yr with these deposits being located about 2 km landward of the beach deposits. This suggests that the beach deposits might have been the site of the original position of Siesta Key. These data also indicate that sea level must have been near its present position at the time that these foreshore beach deposits were deposited; sometime between 1800 and 4300 yr ago. This scenario indicates that sea level along this coastal reach probably reached its present level at least about 2000 yr ago. ?? 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0025-3227(03)00162-2","issn":"00253227","usgsCitation":"Spurgeon, D., Davis, R., and Shinnu, E., 2003, Formation of 'Beach Rock' at Siesta Key, Florida and its influence on barrier island development: Marine Geology, v. 200, no. 1-4, p. 19-29, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-3227(03)00162-2.","startPage":"19","endPage":"29","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235994,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209489,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0025-3227(03)00162-2"}],"volume":"200","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a134de4b0c8380cd545d5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spurgeon, D.","contributorId":86950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spurgeon","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davis, R.A. Jr.","contributorId":21198,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"R.A.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shinnu, E.A.","contributorId":103056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shinnu","given":"E.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70025241,"text":"70025241 - 2003 - Late Holocene estuarine-inner shelf interactions; is there evidence of an estuarine retreat path for Tampa Bay, Florida?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-16T10:51:45","indexId":"70025241","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late Holocene estuarine-inner shelf interactions; is there evidence of an estuarine retreat path for Tampa Bay, Florida?","docAbstract":"The purpose of this study was to determine if and how a large, modern estuarine system, situated in the middle of an ancient carbonate platform, has affected its adjacent inner shelf both in the past during the last, post-glacial sea-level rise and during the present. An additional purpose was to determine if and how this inner shelf seaward of a major estuary differed from the inner shelves located just to the north and south but seaward of barrier-island shorelines. Through side-scan sonar mosaicking, bathymetric studies, and ground-truthing using surface grab samples as well as diver observations, two large submarine sand plains were mapped - one being the modern ebb-tidal delta and the other interpreted to be a relict ebb-tidal delta formed earlier in the Holocene. The most seaward portion of the inner shelf studied consists of a field of lobate, bathymetrically elevated, fine-sand accumulations, which were interpreted to be sediment-starved 3D dunes surrounded by small 2D dunes composed of coarse molluscan shell gravel. Additionally, exposed limestone hardbottoms supporting living benthic communities were found as well. This modern shelf sedimentary environment is situated on a large, buried shelf valley, which extends eastward beneath the modern Tampa Bay estuary. These observations plus the absence of an incised shelf valley having surficial bathymetric expression, and the absence of sand bodies normally associated with back-tracking estuarine systems indicate that there was no cross-shelf estuarine retreat path formed during the last rise in sea level. Instead, the modern Tampa Bay formed within a mid-platform, low-relief depression, which was flooded by rising marine waters late in the Holocene. With continued sea-level rise in the late Holocene, this early embayment was translated eastward or landward to its present position, whereby a larger ebb-tidal delta prograded out onto the inner shelf. Extensive linear sand ridges, common to the inner shelves to the north and south, did not form in this shelf province because it was a low-energy, open embayment lacking the wave climate and nearshore zone necessary to create such sand bodies. The distribution of bedforms on the inner shelf and the absence of seaward-oriented 2D dunes on the modern ebb-tidal delta indicate that the modern estuarine system has had little effect on its adjacent inner shelf. ?? 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0025-3227(03)00184-1","issn":"00253227","usgsCitation":"Donahue, B., Hine, A.C., Tebbens, S., Locker, S., and Twichell, D., 2003, Late Holocene estuarine-inner shelf interactions; is there evidence of an estuarine retreat path for Tampa Bay, Florida?: Marine Geology, v. 200, no. 1-4, p. 219-241, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-3227(03)00184-1.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"219","endPage":"241","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236031,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209501,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0025-3227(03)00184-1"}],"volume":"200","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a44e5e4b0c8380cd66e9c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Donahue, B.T.","contributorId":12529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Donahue","given":"B.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hine, A. C.","contributorId":21197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hine","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tebbens, S.","contributorId":57641,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tebbens","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Locker, S. D.","contributorId":81532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Locker","given":"S. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Twichell, D.C.","contributorId":84304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Twichell","given":"D.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70025334,"text":"70025334 - 2003 - Forest pathology in Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:30","indexId":"70025334","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2868,"text":"New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Forest pathology in Hawaii","docAbstract":"Native Hawaiian forests are characterised by a high degree of endemism, including pathogens as well as their hosts. With the exceptions of koa (Acacia koa Gray), possibly maile (Alyxia oliviformis Gaud.), and, in the past, sandalwood (Santalum spp.), forest species are of little commercial value. On the other hand, these forests are immensely important from a cultural, ecological, and evolutionary standpoint. Forest disease research was lacking during the mid-twentieth century, but increased markedly with the recognition of ohia (Metrosideros polymorpha Gaud.) decline in the 1970s. Because many pathogens are themselves endemic, or are assumed to be, having evolved with their hosts, research emphasis in natural areas is on understanding host-parasite interactions and evolutionary influences, rather than disease control. Aside from management of native forests, attempts at establishing a commercial forest industry have included importation of several species of pine, Araucaria, and Eucalyptus as timber crops, and of numerous ornamentals. Diseases of these species have been introduced with their hosts. The attacking of native species by introduced pathogens is problematic - for example, Armillaria mellea (Vahl ex Fr.) Que??l. on koa and mamane (Sophora chrysophylla (Salisb.) Seem.). Much work remains to be done in both native and commercial aspects of Hawaiian forest pathology.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00480134","usgsCitation":"Gardner, D., 2003, Forest pathology in Hawaii: New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science, v. 33, no. 3, p. 343-361.","startPage":"343","endPage":"361","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235696,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"33","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1335e4b0c8380cd54570","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gardner, D.E.","contributorId":38742,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardner","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70025329,"text":"70025329 - 2003 - Seismic response analysis of an instrumented building structure","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:58","indexId":"70025329","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1433,"text":"Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seismic response analysis of an instrumented building structure","docAbstract":"The Sheraton - Universal hotel, an instrumented building lying in North Hollywood, USA is selected for case study in this paper. The finite element method is used to produce a linear time - invariant structural model, and the SAP2000 program is employed for the time history analysis of the instrumented structure under the base excitation of strong motions recorded in the basement during the Northridge, California earthquake of 17 January 1994. The calculated structural responses are compared with the recorded data in both time domain and frequency domain, and the effects of structural parameters evaluation and indeterminate factors are discussed. Some features of structural response, such as the reason why the peak responses of acceleration in the ninth floor are larger than those in the sixteenth floor, are also explained.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"10001301","usgsCitation":"Li, H., Zhu, S., and Çelebi, M., 2003, Seismic response analysis of an instrumented building structure: Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration, v. 23, no. 6, p. 31-36.","startPage":"31","endPage":"36","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236223,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8b57e4b08c986b31776c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Li, H.-J.","contributorId":28041,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"H.-J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zhu, S.-Y.","contributorId":33906,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhu","given":"S.-Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Çelebi, M.","contributorId":36946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Çelebi","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70025328,"text":"70025328 - 2003 - Use of similar habitat by cutthroat trout and brown trout in a regulated river during winter","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:58","indexId":"70025328","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2900,"text":"Northwest Science","onlineIssn":"2161-9859","printIssn":"0029-344X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of similar habitat by cutthroat trout and brown trout in a regulated river during winter","docAbstract":"Few differences in habitat use were observed between cutthroat trout and brown trout during winter in the Shoshone River, a regulated river in northwestern Wyoming. Radio-tagged fish of 20-30 cm total length were found in pool habitat five to six times more frequently than would be expected if they were using pools in proportion to pool availability. Nevertheless, run habitat was most frequently used by both species. The microhabitat characteristics at locations of each species were similar when in both pools and runs, however, habitat use was variable suggesting that a variety of microhabitats were suitable over-wintering habitat. Brown trout were more frequently associated with boulder cover than were cutthroat trout. Cutthroat trout used large pools that provided refuge from high water velocities more frequently that brown trout. Cutthroat trout and brown trout were found at similar distances from the bank except in late February when cutthroat trout were farther from the bank. Both species moved frequently during the winter, but cutthroat trout showed a greater propensity than brown trout to move long distances. This study suggests that during a mild winter in a stable environment, these species were able to overwinter successfully in a variety of habitats.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Northwest Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"0029344X","usgsCitation":"Dare, M., and Hubert, W., 2003, Use of similar habitat by cutthroat trout and brown trout in a regulated river during winter: Northwest Science, v. 77, no. 1, p. 36-45.","startPage":"36","endPage":"45","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236222,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"77","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbf7ae4b08c986b329ba2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dare, M.R.","contributorId":23323,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dare","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hubert, W.A.","contributorId":12822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubert","given":"W.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70025326,"text":"70025326 - 2003 - A new pterosaur tracksite from the Jurassic Summerville formation, near Ferron, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-06T15:27:20","indexId":"70025326","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1965,"text":"Ichnos: An International Journal for Plant and Animal Traces","onlineIssn":"1563-5236","printIssn":"1042-0940","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A new pterosaur tracksite from the Jurassic Summerville formation, near Ferron, Utah","docAbstract":"<p>Pterosaur tracks (cf.<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Pteraichnus</i>) from the Summerville Formation of the Ferron area of central Utah add to the growing record of<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Pteraichnus</i><span>&nbsp;</span>tracksites in the Late Jurassic Summerville Formation and time-equivalent, or near time-equivalent, deposits. The site is typical in revealing high pterosaur track densities, but low ichnodiversity suggesting congregations or “flocks” of many individuals. Footprint length varies from 2.0 to 7.0 cms. The ratio of well-preserved pes:manus tracks is about 1:3.4. This reflects a bias in favor of preservation of manus tracks due to the greater weight-bearing role of the front limbs, as noted in other pterosaur track assemblages. The sample also reveals a number of well-preserved trackways including one suggestive of pes-only progression that might be associated with take off or landing, and another that shows pronounced lengthening of stride indicating acceleration.</p><p>One well-preserved medium-sized theropod trackway (<i>Therangospodus</i>) and other larger theropod track casts (cf.<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Megalosauripus</i>) are associated with what otherwise appears to be a nearly monospecific pterosaur track assemblage. However, traces of a fifth pes digit suggest some tracks are of rhamphorynchoid rather than pterodactyloid origin, as usually inferred for<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Pteraichnus</i>. The tracks occur at several horizons in a thin stratigraphic interval of ripple marked sandstones and siltstones. Overall the assemblage is similar to others found in the same time interval in the Western Interior from central and eastern Utah through central and southern Wyoming, Colorado, northeastern Arizona, and western Oklahoma. This vast “<i>Pteraichnus</i>ichnofacies,” with associated saurischian tracks, remains the only ichnological evidence of pre-Cretaceous pterosaurs in North America and sheds important light on the vertebrate ecology of the Summerville Formation and contiguous deposits.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/10420940490445437","usgsCitation":"Mickelson, D.L., Lockley, M.G., Bishop, J., and Kirkland, J.I., 2003, A new pterosaur tracksite from the Jurassic Summerville formation, near Ferron, Utah: Ichnos: An International Journal for Plant and Animal Traces, v. 11, no. 1-2, p. 125-142, https://doi.org/10.1080/10420940490445437.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"125","endPage":"142","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236185,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","city":"Ferron","volume":"11","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e4aee4b0c8380cd46835","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mickelson, Debra L.","contributorId":29987,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mickelson","given":"Debra","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":6713,"text":"University of Colorado, Boulder CO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":404767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lockley, Martin G.","contributorId":22428,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lockley","given":"Martin","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bishop, John","contributorId":146771,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bishop","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kirkland, James I.","contributorId":173915,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kirkland","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":17626,"text":"Utah Geological Survey","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":404769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70025325,"text":"70025325 - 2003 - Escherichia Coli monitoring in the Spring Mill Lake watershed in south-central Indiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:58","indexId":"70025325","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Escherichia Coli monitoring in the Spring Mill Lake watershed in south-central Indiana","docAbstract":"The escherichila (E) coli monitoring in the Spring Mill lake watershed in South-Central Indiana was presented. Water flowing from the springs in the park were analyzed to determine potential nonpoint-source contaminants entering Spring Mill Lake. E. Coli concentrations from the monitoring sites within the Spring Mill Lake watersheds varied greatly from concentrations below the detection limit, <1 most probable number (MPN) of organisms per 100 milliliters (mL) of water, to 980,000 MPN/100 mL. E. coli appears to be a potential health risk at several of the springs within the park, particularly at the Rubble site.","largerWorkTitle":"Geotechnical Special Publication","conferenceTitle":"Sinkholes and the Engineering and Environmental Impacts of Karst, Proceedings of the Ninth Multidisciplinary Conference","conferenceDate":"6 September 2003 through 10 September 2003","conferenceLocation":"Huntsville, AL","language":"English","issn":"08950563","usgsCitation":"Hasenmueller, N., Comer, J., and Zamani, D., 2003, Escherichia Coli monitoring in the Spring Mill Lake watershed in south-central Indiana, <i>in</i> Geotechnical Special Publication, no. 122, Huntsville, AL, 6 September 2003 through 10 September 2003, p. 309-320.","startPage":"309","endPage":"320","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236151,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"122","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0a5be4b0c8380cd5230b","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Beck B.F.","contributorId":128361,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Beck B.F.","id":536555,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Hasenmueller, N.R.","contributorId":89950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hasenmueller","given":"N.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Comer, J.B.","contributorId":34185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Comer","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zamani, D.D.","contributorId":22127,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zamani","given":"D.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70025338,"text":"70025338 - 2003 - Phylogeny of the owlet-nightjars (Aves: Aegothelidae) based on mitochondrial DNA sequence","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:29","indexId":"70025338","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2779,"text":"Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Phylogeny of the owlet-nightjars (Aves: Aegothelidae) based on mitochondrial DNA sequence","docAbstract":"The avian family Aegothelidae (Owlet-nightjars) comprises nine extant species and one extinct species, all of which are currently classified in a single genus, Aegotheles. Owlet-nightjars are secretive nocturnal birds of the South Pacific. They are relatively poorly studied and some species are known from only a few specimens. Furthermore, their confusing morphological variation has made it difficult to cluster existing specimens unambiguously into hierarchical taxonomic units. Here we sample all extant owlet-nightjar species and all but three currently recognized subspecies. We use DNA extracted primarily from museum specimens to obtain mitochondrial gene sequences and construct a molecular phylogeny. Our phylogeny suggests that most species are reciprocally monophyletic, however A. albertisi appears paraphyletic. Our data also suggest splitting A. bennettii into two species and splitting A. insignis and A. tatei as suggested in another recent paper. ?? 2003 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S1055-7903(03)00135-0","issn":"10557903","usgsCitation":"Dumbacher, J., Pratt, T., and Fleischer, R., 2003, Phylogeny of the owlet-nightjars (Aves: Aegothelidae) based on mitochondrial DNA sequence: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, v. 29, no. 3, p. 540-549, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1055-7903(03)00135-0.","startPage":"540","endPage":"549","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209392,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1055-7903(03)00135-0"},{"id":235779,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7a56e4b0c8380cd78e7b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dumbacher, J.P.","contributorId":27984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dumbacher","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pratt, T.K.","contributorId":13717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pratt","given":"T.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fleischer, R.C.","contributorId":82259,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleischer","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70025127,"text":"70025127 - 2003 - Climate change and Arctic ecosystems: 2. Modeling, paleodata-model comparisons, and future projections","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-19T22:49:09.576775","indexId":"70025127","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2316,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Climate change and Arctic ecosystems: 2. Modeling, paleodata-model comparisons, and future projections","docAbstract":"<p><span>Large variations in the composition, structure, and function of Arctic ecosystems are determined by climatic gradients, especially of growing-season warmth, soil moisture, and snow cover. A unified circumpolar classification recognizing five types of tundra was developed. The geographic distributions of vegetation types north of 55°N, including the position of the forest limit and the distributions of the tundra types, could be predicted from climatology using a small set of plant functional types embedded in the biogeochemistry-biogeography model BIOME4. Several palaeoclimate simulations for the last glacial maximum (LGM) and mid-Holocene were used to explore the possibility of simulating past vegetation patterns, which are independently known based on pollen data. The broad outlines of observed changes in vegetation were captured. LGM simulations showed the major reduction of forest, the great extension of graminoid and forb tundra, and the restriction of low- and high-shrub tundra (although not all models produced sufficiently dry conditions to mimic the full observed change). Mid-Holocene simulations reproduced the contrast between northward forest extension in western and central Siberia and stability of the forest limit in Beringia. Projection of the effect of a continued exponential increase in atmospheric CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;concentration, based on a transient ocean-atmosphere simulation including sulfate aerosol effects, suggests a potential for larger changes in Arctic ecosystems during the 21st century than have occurred between mid-Holocene and present. Simulated physiological effects of the CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;increase (to &gt;700 ppm) at high latitudes were slight compared with the effects of the change in climate.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2002jd002559","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Kaplan, J., Bigelow, N., Prentice, I.C., Harrison, S.P., Bartlein, P., Christensen, T., Cramer, W., Matveyeva, N., McGuire, A., Murray, D., Razzhivin, V., Smith, B., Walker, D., Anderson, P.M., Andreev, A., Brubaker, L., Edwards, M.E., and Lozhkin, A., 2003, Climate change and Arctic ecosystems: 2. Modeling, paleodata-model comparisons, and future projections: Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres, v. 108, no. 19, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002jd002559.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":489919,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2002jd002559","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":388210,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"108","issue":"19","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-10-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f64be4b0c8380cd4c67e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kaplan, J.O.","contributorId":97288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaplan","given":"J.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bigelow, N.H.","contributorId":85352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bigelow","given":"N.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Prentice, I. C.","contributorId":63969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prentice","given":"I.","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Harrison, S. P.","contributorId":78488,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harrison","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bartlein, P. J.","contributorId":54566,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bartlein","given":"P. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Christensen, T.R.","contributorId":81440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christensen","given":"T.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Cramer, W.","contributorId":102231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cramer","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Matveyeva, N.V.","contributorId":108300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matveyeva","given":"N.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"McGuire, A. D.","contributorId":16552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuire","given":"A. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Murray, D.F.","contributorId":29184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murray","given":"D.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Razzhivin, V.Y.","contributorId":73798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Razzhivin","given":"V.Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Smith, B.","contributorId":53740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Walker, D.A.","contributorId":82484,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Walker","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Anderson, P. 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,{"id":70025337,"text":"70025337 - 2003 - Weathering of sulfidic shale and copper mine waste: Secondary minerals and metal cycling in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Tennessee, and North Carolina, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-29T09:53:47","indexId":"70025337","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1539,"text":"Environmental Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Weathering of sulfidic shale and copper mine waste: Secondary minerals and metal cycling in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Tennessee, and North Carolina, USA","docAbstract":"Metal cycling via physical and chemical weathering of discrete sources (copper mines) and regional (non-point) sources (sulfide-rich shale) is evaluated by examining the mineralogy and chemistry of weathering products in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Tennessee, and North Carolina, USA. The elements in copper mine waste, secondary minerals, stream sediments, and waters that are most likely to have negative impacts on aquatic ecosystems are aluminum, copper, zinc, and arsenic because these elements locally exceed toxicity guidelines for surface waters or for stream sediments. Acid-mine drainage has not developed in streams draining inactive copper mines. Acid-rock drainage and chemical weathering processes that accompany debris flows or human disturbances of sulfidic rocks are comparable to processes that develop acid-mine drainage elsewhere. Despite the high rainfall in the mountain range, sheltered areas and intermittent dry spells provide local venues for development of secondary weathering products that can impact aquatic ecosystems.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00254-003-0856-4","issn":"09430105","usgsCitation":"Hammarstrom, J.M., Seal, R., Meier, A.L., and Jackson, J., 2003, Weathering of sulfidic shale and copper mine waste: Secondary minerals and metal cycling in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Tennessee, and North Carolina, USA: Environmental Geology, v. 45, no. 1, p. 35-57, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00254-003-0856-4.","startPage":"35","endPage":"57","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235739,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209377,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00254-003-0856-4"}],"volume":"45","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-07-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bcfb9e4b08c986b32ea7a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hammarstrom, J. M.","contributorId":34513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hammarstrom","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Seal, R.R. II","contributorId":102097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seal","given":"R.R.","suffix":"II","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Meier, A. L.","contributorId":81480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meier","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jackson, J.C.","contributorId":104503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackson","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70025126,"text":"70025126 - 2003 - An analytical formulation of two‐dimensional groundwater dispersion induced by surficial recharge variability","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T12:35:43","indexId":"70025126","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An analytical formulation of two‐dimensional groundwater dispersion induced by surficial recharge variability","docAbstract":"<p><span>A predominant cause of dispersion in groundwater is advective mixing due to variability in seepage rates. Hydraulic conductivity variations have been extensively researched as a cause of this seepage variability. In this paper the effect of variations in surface recharge to a shallow surficial aquifer is investigated as an important additional effect. An analytical formulation has been developed that relates aquifer parameters and the statistics of recharge variability to increases in the dispersivity. This is accomplished by solving Fourier transforms of the small perturbation forms of the groundwater flow equations. Two field studies are presented in this paper to determine the statistics of recharge variability for input to the analytical formulation. A time series of water levels at a continuous groundwater recorder is used to investigate the temporal statistics of hydraulic head caused by recharge, and a series of infiltrometer measurements are used to define the spatial variability in the recharge parameters. With these field statistics representing head fluctuations due to recharge, the analytical formulation can be used to compute the dispersivity without an explicit representation of the recharge boundary. Results from a series of numerical experiments are used to define the limits of this analytical formulation and to provide some comparison. A sophisticated model has been developed using a particle‐tracking algorithm (modified to account for temporal variations) to estimate groundwater dispersion. Dispersivity increases of 9 percent are indicated by the analytical formulation for the aquifer at the field site. A comparison with numerical model results indicates that the analytical results are reasonable for shallow surficial aquifers in which two‐dimensional flow can be assumed.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2002WR001821","usgsCitation":"Swain, E.D., and Chin, D.A., 2003, An analytical formulation of two‐dimensional groundwater dispersion induced by surficial recharge variability: Water Resources Research, v. 39, no. 9, p. 17-1-17-8, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002WR001821.","productDescription":"Article 1271; 8 p.","startPage":"17-1","endPage":"17-8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235879,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-09-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e9f7e4b0c8380cd48567","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swain, Eric D. 0000-0001-7168-708X edswain@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7168-708X","contributorId":1538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swain","given":"Eric","email":"edswain@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":403909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chin, David A.","contributorId":76011,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chin","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
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