The Empiric Stream Treatment Ranking (ESTR) system is a data-driven, model-based, decision tool for selecting Great Lakes streams for treatment with lampricide, based on estimates from larval sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) surveys conducted throughout the basin. The 2000 ESTR system was described and applied to larval assessment surveys conducted from 1996 to 1999. A comparative analysis of stream survey and selection data was conducted and improvements to the stream selection process were recommended. Streams were selected for treatment based on treatment cost, predicted treatment effectiveness, and the projected number of juvenile sea lampreys produced. On average, lampricide treatments were applied annually to 49 streams with 1,075 ha of larval habitat, killing 15 million larval and 514,000 juvenile sea lampreys at a total cost of $5.3 million, and marginal and mean costs of $85 and $10 per juvenile killed. The numbers of juvenile sea lampreys killed for given treatment costs showed a pattern of diminishing returns with increasing investment. Of the streams selected for treatment, those with > 14 ha of larval habitat targeted 73% of the juvenile sea lampreys for 60% of the treatment cost. Suggested improvements to the ESTR system were to improve accuracy and precision of model estimates, account for uncertainty in estimates, include all potentially productive streams in the process (not just those surveyed in the current year), consider the value of all larvae killed during treatment (not just those predicted to metamorphose the following year), use lake-specific estimates of damage, and establish formal suppression targets.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0380-1330(03)70484-5","usgsCitation":"Christie, G.C., Adams, J.V., Steeves, T., Slade, J., Cuddy, D.W., Fodale, M.F., Young, R.J., Kuc, M., and Jones, M., 2003, Selecting Great Lakes streams for lampricide treatment based on larval sea lamprey surveys: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 29, p. 152-160, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0380-1330(03)70484-5.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"152","endPage":"160","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133775,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dae4b07f02db5e0599","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Christie, Gavin C.","contributorId":13937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christie","given":"Gavin","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Adams, Jean V. 0000-0002-9101-068X jvadams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9101-068X","contributorId":3140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Jean","email":"jvadams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":309606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Steeves, Todd B.","contributorId":62564,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steeves","given":"Todd B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Slade, Jeffrey W.","contributorId":44890,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slade","given":"Jeffrey W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cuddy, Douglas W.","contributorId":77474,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cuddy","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Fodale, Michael F.","contributorId":18309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fodale","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Young, Robert J.","contributorId":31356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Kuc, Miroslaw","contributorId":11573,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuc","given":"Miroslaw","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Jones, Michael L.","contributorId":7219,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jones","given":"Michael L.","affiliations":[{"id":6590,"text":"Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":309607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":1000949,"text":"1000949 - 2003 - Classifying sea lamprey marks on Great Lakes lake trout: observer agreement, evidence on healing times between classes and recommendations for reporting of marking statistics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-23T09:27:22","indexId":"1000949","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Classifying sea lamprey marks on Great Lakes lake trout: observer agreement, evidence on healing times between classes and recommendations for reporting of marking statistics","docAbstract":"In 1997 and 1998 two workshops were held to evaluate how consistent observers were at classifying sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) marks on Great Lakes lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) as described in the King classification system. Two trials were held at each workshop, with group discussion between trials. Variation in counting and classifying marks was considerable, such that reporting rates for A1–A3 marks varied two to three-fold among observers of the same lake trout. Observer variation was greater for classification of healing or healed marks than for fresh marks. The workshops highlighted, as causes for inconsistent mark classification, both departures from the accepted protocol for classifying marks by some agencies, and differences in how sliding and multiple marks were interpreted. Group discussions led to greater agreement in classifying marks. We recommend ways to improve the reliability of marking statistics, including the use of a dichotomous key to classify marks. Laboratory data show that healing times of marks on lake trout were much longer at 4°C and 1°C than at 10°C and varied greatly among individuals. Reported A1–A3 and B1–B3 marks observed in late summer and fall collections likely result from a mixture of attacks by two year classes of sea lamprey. It is likely that a substantial but highly uncertain proportion of attacks that occur in late summer and fall lead to marks that are classified as A1–A3 the next spring. We recommend additional research on mark stage duration.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0380-1330(03)70494-8","usgsCitation":"Ebener, M.P., Bence, J., Bergstedt, R.A., and Mullet, K.M., 2003, Classifying sea lamprey marks on Great Lakes lake trout: observer agreement, evidence on healing times between classes and recommendations for reporting of marking statistics: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 29, no. Supplement 1, p. 283-296, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0380-1330(03)70494-8.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"283","endPage":"296","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133496,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"Supplement 1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db672b68","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ebener, Mark P.","contributorId":25099,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ebener","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":12957,"text":"Chippewa Ottawa Resource Authority","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":309938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bence, James R.","contributorId":95026,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bence","given":"James R.","affiliations":[{"id":6601,"text":"Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":309939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bergstedt, Roger A. rbergstedt@usgs.gov","contributorId":4174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergstedt","given":"Roger","email":"rbergstedt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":309937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mullet, Katherine M.","contributorId":103633,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mullet","given":"Katherine","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":1000878,"text":"1000878 - 2003 - Fish community change in Lake Superior, 1970-2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-19T11:49:35","indexId":"1000878","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fish community change in Lake Superior, 1970-2000","docAbstract":"Changes in Lake Superior's fish community are reviewed from 1970 to 2000. Lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) and lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) stocks have increased substantially and may be approaching ancestral states. Lake herring (Coregonus artedi) have also recovered, but under sporadic recruitment. Contaminant levels have declined and are in equilibrium with inputs, but toxaphene levels are higher than in all other Great Lakes. Sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) control, harvest limits, and stocking fostered recoveries of lake trout and allowed establishment of small nonnative salmonine populations. Natural reproduction supports most salmonine populations, therefore further stocking is not required. Nonnative salmonines will likely remain minor components of the fish community. Forage biomass has shifted from exotic rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax) to native species, and high predation may prevent their recovery. Introductions of exotics have increased and threaten the recovering fish community. Agencies have little influence on the abundance of forage fish or the major predator, siscowet lake trout, and must now focus on habitat protection and enhancement in nearshore areas and prevent additional species introductions to further restoration. Persistence of Lake Superior's native deepwater species is in contrast to other Great Lakes where restoration will be difficult in the absence of these ecologically important fishes.
","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/f03-136","usgsCitation":"Bronte, C.R., Ebener, M.P., Schreiner, D.R., DeVault, D.S., Petzold, M.M., Jensen, D.A., Richards, C., and Lozano, S.J., 2003, Fish community change in Lake Superior, 1970-2000: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 60, no. 12, p. 1552-1574, https://doi.org/10.1139/f03-136.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"1552","endPage":"1574","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133613,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"60","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f1e4b07f02db5eea66","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bronte, Charles R.","contributorId":83050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bronte","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ebener, Mark P.","contributorId":25099,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ebener","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":12957,"text":"Chippewa Ottawa Resource Authority","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":309709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schreiner, Donald R.","contributorId":108051,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schreiner","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"DeVault, David S.","contributorId":22720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeVault","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Petzold, Michael M.","contributorId":64208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petzold","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jensen, Douglas A.","contributorId":65048,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jensen","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Richards, Carl","contributorId":97035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richards","given":"Carl","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Lozano, Steven J.","contributorId":101614,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lozano","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":1000961,"text":"1000961 - 2003 - Relative contributions of sampling effort, measuring, and weighing to precision of larval sea lamprey biomass estimates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-20T11:16:54","indexId":"1000961","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Relative contributions of sampling effort, measuring, and weighing to precision of larval sea lamprey biomass estimates","docAbstract":"We developed two weight-length models from 231 populations of larval sea lampreys (Petromyzon marinus) collected from tributaries of the Great Lakes: Lake Ontario (21), Lake Erie (6), Lake Huron (67), Lake Michigan (76), and Lake Superior (61). Both models were mixed models, which used population as a random effect and additional environmental factors as fixed effects. We resampled weights and lengths 1,000 times from data collected in each of 14 other populations not used to develop the models, obtaining a weight and length distribution from reach resampling. To test model performance, we applied the two weight-length models to the resampled length distributions and calculated the predicted mean weights. We also calculated the observed mean weight for each resampling and for each of the original 14 data sets. When the average of predicted means was compared to means from the original data in each stream, inclusion of environmental factors did not consistently improve the performance of the weight-length model. We estimated the variance associated with measures of abundance and mean weight for each of the 14 selected populations and determined that a conservative estimate of the proportional contribution to variance associated with estimating abundance accounted for 32% to 95% of the variance (mean = 66%). Variability in the biomass estimate appears more affected by variability in estimating abundance than in converting length to weight. Hence, efforts to improve the precision of biomass estimates would be aided most by reducing the variability associated with estimating abundance.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0380-1330(03)70482-1","usgsCitation":"Slade, J., Adams, J.V., Cuddy, D.W., Neave, F.B., Sullivan, W.P., Young, R.J., Fodale, M.F., and Jones, M., 2003, Relative contributions of sampling effort, measuring, and weighing to precision of larval sea lamprey biomass estimates: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 29, no. Supplement 1, p. 130-136, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0380-1330(03)70482-1.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"130","endPage":"136","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133552,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"Supplement 1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a19e4b07f02db605983","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Slade, Jeffrey W.","contributorId":44890,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slade","given":"Jeffrey W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Adams, Jean V. 0000-0002-9101-068X jvadams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9101-068X","contributorId":3140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Jean","email":"jvadams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":309994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cuddy, Douglas W.","contributorId":77474,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cuddy","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Neave, Fraser B.","contributorId":102440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neave","given":"Fraser","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sullivan, W. Paul","contributorId":77109,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sullivan","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"Paul","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Young, Robert J.","contributorId":31356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Fodale, Michael F.","contributorId":18309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fodale","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Jones, Michael L.","contributorId":7219,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jones","given":"Michael L.","affiliations":[{"id":6590,"text":"Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":309995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":1001009,"text":"1001009 - 2003 - Response of larval sea lampreys (Petromyzon marinus) to pulsed DC electrical stimuli in laboratory experiments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-20T08:05:53","indexId":"1001009","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Response of larval sea lampreys (Petromyzon marinus) to pulsed DC electrical stimuli in laboratory experiments","docAbstract":"Four electrical factors that are used in pulsed DC electrofishing for larval sea lampreys (Petromyzon marinus) were evaluated in two laboratory studies to determine the optimal values to induce larval emergence over a range of water temperatures and conductivities. Burrowed larvae were exposed to combinations of pulsed DC electrical factors including five pulse frequencies, three pulse patterns, and two levels of duty cycle over a range of seven voltage gradients in two separate studies conducted at water temperatures of 10, 15, and 20°C and water conductivities of 25, 200, and 900 μS/cm. A four-way analysis of variance was used to determine significant (α = 0.05) influences of each electrical factor on larval emergence. Multiple comparison tests with Bonferroni adjustments were used to determine which values of each factor resulted in significantly higher emergence at each temperature and conductivity. Voltage gradient and pulse frequency significantly affected emergence according to the ANOVA model at each temperature and conductivity tested. Duty cycle and pulse pattern generally did not significantly influence the model. Findings suggest that a setting of 2.0 V/cm, 3 pulses/sec, 10% duty, and 2:2 pulse pattern seems the most promising in waters of medium conductivity and across a variety of temperatures. This information provides a basis for understanding larval response to pulsed DC electrofishing gear factors and identifies electrofisher settings that show promise to increase the efficiency of the gear during assessments for burrowed sea lamprey larvae.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0380-1330(03)70486-9","usgsCitation":"Bowen, A.K., Weisser, J.W., Bergstedt, R.A., and Famoye, F., 2003, Response of larval sea lampreys (Petromyzon marinus) to pulsed DC electrical stimuli in laboratory experiments: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 29, no. Supplement 1, p. 174-182, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0380-1330(03)70486-9.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"174","endPage":"182","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128883,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"Supplement 1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b06e4b07f02db69a03c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bowen, Anjanette K.","contributorId":27398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowen","given":"Anjanette","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weisser, John W.","contributorId":95423,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weisser","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bergstedt, Roger A. rbergstedt@usgs.gov","contributorId":4174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergstedt","given":"Roger","email":"rbergstedt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":310194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Famoye, Felix","contributorId":95832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Famoye","given":"Felix","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":1000864,"text":"1000864 - 2003 - Evaluation of a rapid, quantitative real-time PCR method for enumeration of pathogenic Candida cells in water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-19T12:56:18","indexId":"1000864","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":850,"text":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of a rapid, quantitative real-time PCR method for enumeration of pathogenic Candida cells in water","docAbstract":"Quantitative PCR (QPCR) technology, incorporating fluorigenic 5′ nuclease (TaqMan) chemistry, was utilized for the specific detection and quantification of six pathogenic species of Candida (C. albicans, C. tropicalis, C. krusei, C. parapsilosis, C. glabrata and C. lusitaniae) in water. Known numbers of target cells were added to distilled and tap water samples, filtered, and disrupted directly on the membranes for recovery of DNA for QPCR analysis. The assay's sensitivities were between one and three cells per filter. The accuracy of the cell estimates was between 50 and 200% of their true value (95% confidence level). In similar tests with surface water samples, the presence of PCR inhibitory compounds necessitated further purification and/or dilution of the DNA extracts, with resultant reductions in sensitivity but generally not in quantitative accuracy. Analyses of a series of freshwater samples collected from a recreational beach showed positive correlations between the QPCR results and colony counts of the corresponding target species. Positive correlations were also seen between the cell quantities of the target Candida species detected in these analyses and colony counts of Enterococcus organisms. With a combined sample processing and analysis time of less than 4 h, this method shows great promise as a tool for rapidly assessing potential exposures to waterborne pathogenic Candida species from drinking and recreational waters and may have applications in the detection of fecal pollution.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","doi":"10.1128/AEM.69.3.1775-1782.2003","usgsCitation":"Brinkman, N.E., Haugland, R.A., Wymer, L.J., Byappanahalli, M., Whitman, R.L., and Vesper, S.J., 2003, Evaluation of a rapid, quantitative real-time PCR method for enumeration of pathogenic Candida cells in water: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v. 69, no. 3, p. 1775-1782, https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.69.3.1775-1782.2003.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1775","endPage":"1782","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478425,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/150045","text":"External Repository"},{"id":133544,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"69","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db625928","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brinkman, Nichole E.","contributorId":69940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brinkman","given":"Nichole","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haugland, Richard A.","contributorId":102439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haugland","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wymer, Larry J.","contributorId":41791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wymer","given":"Larry","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Byappanahalli, Muruleedhara N.","contributorId":47335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Byappanahalli","given":"Muruleedhara N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Whitman, Richard L. rwhitman@usgs.gov","contributorId":542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitman","given":"Richard","email":"rwhitman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":309648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Vesper, Stephen J.","contributorId":78296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vesper","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":1001010,"text":"1001010 - 2003 - Development and implementation of an integrated program for control of sea lampreys in the St. Marys River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-20T07:44:33","indexId":"1001010","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Development and implementation of an integrated program for control of sea lampreys in the St. Marys River","docAbstract":"The development and implementation of a strategy for control of sea lampreys (Petromyzon marinus) in the St. Marys River formed the basis for rehabilitation of lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) and other fish in Lakes Huron and Michigan. The control strategy was implemented by the Great Lakes Fishery Commission (GLFC) upon recommendations by the interagency Sea Lamprey Integration Committee, and many managers and scientists from United States and Canada federal, state, provincial, tribal, and private institutions. Analyses of benefits vs. costs of control options and modeling of the cumulative effects on abundance of parasitic-phase sea lampreys and lake trout produced a strategy that involved an integration of control technologies that included long- and short-term measures. The longterm measures included interference with sea lamprey reproduction by the trapping and removal of spawning-phase sea lampreys from the river and the sterilization and release of the trapped male sea lampreys. The theoretical reduction of larvae produced in the river from these two combined techniques averaged almost 90% during 1997 to 1999. Lampricide treatment with granular Bayluscide of 880 ha of plots densely populated with larvae occurred during 1998, 1999, and 2001 because modeling showed the sooner parasitic-phase sea lamprey populations declined in Lake Huron the greater the improvement for restoration of lake trout during 1995 to 2015. Post-treatment assessments showed about 55% of the larvae had been removed from the river. An adaptive assessment plan predicted high probability of detection of control effects because of many available indicators. The GLFC will face several critical decisions beyond 2001, and initiated a decision analysis project to aid in those decisions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0380-1330(03)70523-1","usgsCitation":"Schleen, L.P., Christie, G.C., Heinrich, J.W., Bergstedt, R.A., Young, R.J., Morse, T.J., Lavis, D.S., Bills, T.D., Johnson, J.E., and Ebener, M.P., 2003, Development and implementation of an integrated program for control of sea lampreys in the St. Marys River: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 29, p. 677-693, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0380-1330(03)70523-1.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"677","endPage":"693","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133579,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa7e4b07f02db667292","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schleen, Larry P.","contributorId":27016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schleen","given":"Larry","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Christie, Gavin C.","contributorId":13937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christie","given":"Gavin","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Heinrich, John W.","contributorId":63754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heinrich","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bergstedt, Roger A. rbergstedt@usgs.gov","contributorId":4174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergstedt","given":"Roger","email":"rbergstedt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":310198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Young, Robert J.","contributorId":31356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Morse, Terry J.","contributorId":79074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morse","given":"Terry","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lavis, Dennis S.","contributorId":31361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lavis","given":"Dennis","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Bills, Terry D.","contributorId":30939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bills","given":"Terry","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Johnson, James E.","contributorId":45668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Ebener, Mark P.","contributorId":25099,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ebener","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":12957,"text":"Chippewa Ottawa Resource Authority","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":310200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":1000950,"text":"1000950 - 2003 - Classification of lentic habitat for sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) larvae using a remote seabed classification device","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-23T09:14:12","indexId":"1000950","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Classification of lentic habitat for sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) larvae using a remote seabed classification device","docAbstract":"Lentic populations of larval sea lampreys (Petromyzon marinus) are suspected of being a major source of recruitment to parasitic stocks in some areas of the Great Lakes, and methods are needed to estimate habitat and population sizes. A deepwater electroshocker has been used to quantitatively assess larval sea lamprey populations in deepwater areas, however a method has not been developed to efficiently identify the most promising locations to sample in this environment. A remote seabed classification device (RoxAnn™) was used to identify soft substrates in a lentic area where sea lamprey larvae have been found in Batchawana Bay (Ontario) in eastern Lake Superior, and related those substrate types to larval distribution and occurrence. Presence of larvae was significantly related to substrate type, distance from the stream mouth, and slope of the lake bottom. Remote seabed classification would be a useful tool in the Sea Lamprey Control Program to identify the most promising locations to conduct larval surveys in lentic areas.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0380-1330(03)70488-2","usgsCitation":"Fodale, M.F., Bronte, C.R., Bergstedt, R.A., Cuddy, D.W., and Adams, J.V., 2003, Classification of lentic habitat for sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) larvae using a remote seabed classification device: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 29, no. Supplement 1, p. 190-203, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0380-1330(03)70488-2.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"190","endPage":"203","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128879,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"Supplement 1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49ace4b07f02db5c68d8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fodale, Michael F.","contributorId":18309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fodale","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bronte, Charles R.","contributorId":83050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bronte","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bergstedt, Roger A. rbergstedt@usgs.gov","contributorId":4174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergstedt","given":"Roger","email":"rbergstedt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":309942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cuddy, Douglas W.","contributorId":77474,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cuddy","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Adams, Jean V. 0000-0002-9101-068X jvadams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9101-068X","contributorId":3140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Jean","email":"jvadams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":309941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":1000960,"text":"1000960 - 2003 - Host selection and lethality of attacks by sea lampreys (Petromyzon marinus) in laboratory studies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:45","indexId":"1000960","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Host selection and lethality of attacks by sea lampreys (Petromyzon marinus) in laboratory studies","docAbstract":"Parasitic-phase sea lampreys (Petromyzon marinus) are difficult to study in the wild. A series of laboratory studies (1984-1995) of single attacks on lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush), rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), and burbot (Lota lota) examined host size selection; determined the effects of host size, host species, host strain, and temperature on host mortality; and estimated the weight of hosts killed per lamprey. Rainbow trout were more able and burbot less able to survive attacks than lake trout. Small sea lampreys actively selected the larger of two small hosts; larger sea lampreys attacked larger hosts in proportion to the hosts' body sizes, but actively avoided shorter hosts (a?? 600 mm) when larger were available. Host mortality was significantly less for larger (43-44%) than for smaller hosts (64%). However, the yearly loss of hosts per sea lamprey was less for small hosts (range, 6.8-14.2 kg per sea lamprey) than larger hosts (range, 11.4-19.3 kg per sea lamprey). Attacks at the lower of two temperature ranges (6.1-11.8A?C and 11.1-15.0A?C) did not significantly reduce the percentage of hosts killed (54% vs. 69%, p > 0.21), but longer attachment times at lower temperatures reduced the number of hosts attacked (33 vs. 45), and produced the lowest loss of hosts (6.6 kg per sea lamprey). Low temperature appeared to offset other factors that increase host mortality. Reanalysis of 789 attacks pooled from these studies, using forward stepwise logistic regression, also identified mean daily temperature as the dominant factor affecting host mortality. Observations in Lakes Superior, Huron, and Ontario support most laboratory results.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"Out-of-print","usgsCitation":"Swink, W.D., 2003, Host selection and lethality of attacks by sea lampreys (Petromyzon marinus) in laboratory studies: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 29, p. 307-319.","productDescription":"p. 307-319","startPage":"307","endPage":"319","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133516,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db62a252","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swink, William D.","contributorId":60586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swink","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1016601,"text":"1016601 - 2003 - [Book review] Prairie Wetland Ecology--The Contribution of the Marsh Ecology Research Program, edited by H. R. Murkin, A. G. van der Valk, and W. R. Clark","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-02T11:11:50","indexId":"1016601","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1859,"text":"Great Plains Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"[Book review] Prairie Wetland Ecology--The Contribution of the Marsh Ecology Research Program, edited by H. R. Murkin, A. G. van der Valk, and W. R. Clark","docAbstract":"Review of: Prairie Wetland Ecology: The Contribution of the Marsh Ecology Research Program by Henry R. Murkin, Arnold G. van der Valk, and William R. Clark, eds.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Great Plains Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Center for Great Plains Studies","publisherLocation":"Lincoln, NE","usgsCitation":"Krapu, G., 2003, [Book review] Prairie Wetland Ecology--The Contribution of the Marsh Ecology Research Program, edited by H. R. Murkin, A. G. van der Valk, and W. R. Clark: Great Plains Research, v. 13, no. 1, p. 162-163.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"162","endPage":"163","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132886,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":268122,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/greatplainsresearch/653/"}],"volume":"13","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad2e4b07f02db681c3e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krapu, Gary L.","contributorId":56994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krapu","given":"Gary L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1000876,"text":"1000876 - 2003 - Evaluation of beach grooming techniques on Escherichia coli density in foreshore sand at North Beach, Racine, WI","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-19T12:58:27","indexId":"1000876","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2592,"text":"Lake and Reservoir Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of beach grooming techniques on Escherichia coli density in foreshore sand at North Beach, Racine, WI","docAbstract":"Elevated levels of Escherichia coli(E. coli) in bathing waters at North Beach, a popular recreational site in Racine, Wisconsin, have been a persistent problem often resulting in the issuance of poor water quality advisories. Moreover, waterfowl (mostly Larus delawarensis and L. argentatus) in nearshore and offshore areas are common and may serve as non-point sources for bacterial contamination of recreational waters. Current beach management practice involves daily mechanical grooming of the nearshore sand for aesthetics and removal of hazardous debris. However, this practice has not been evaluated in terms of its effects on E. coli loading to beach sand and potential introduction to contiguous swimming water. In this study, we tested E. coli responses to three treatments: mechanical groomer, daily and twice weekly hand raking, and a control (no raking/grooming). A randomized block design consisted of replicated treatments and one control (10 each), for a total of 40 blocks sampled daily for 10 days. Foreshore sand samples were collected by hand coring to an average depth of 10 cm. Median E. colirecovered were 73 (mechanically groomed), 27 (hand-raked daily), 32 (hand-raked twice weekly), and 22 (control) colony-forming units (CFU) per gram dry weight sand. E. colicounts in sand that was groomed were significantly higher than hand rakings and control (p <0.0001), and there was no significant difference between control and raking treatments (p<0.01). This study demonstrates the beach management implications related to grooming efficacy and the importance of understanding non-point sources of bacterial contamination.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/07438140309353944","usgsCitation":"Kinzelman, J.L., Whitman, R.L., Byappanahalli, M., Jackson, E., and Bagley, R.C., 2003, Evaluation of beach grooming techniques on Escherichia coli density in foreshore sand at North Beach, Racine, WI: Lake and Reservoir Management, v. 19, no. 4, p. 349-354, https://doi.org/10.1080/07438140309353944.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"349","endPage":"354","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":486886,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07438140309353944","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":134040,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5faeb4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kinzelman, Julie L.","contributorId":36094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kinzelman","given":"Julie","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Whitman, Richard L. rwhitman@usgs.gov","contributorId":542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitman","given":"Richard","email":"rwhitman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":309695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Byappanahalli, Muruleedhara N.","contributorId":47335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Byappanahalli","given":"Muruleedhara N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jackson, Emma","contributorId":71938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackson","given":"Emma","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bagley, Robert C.","contributorId":40951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bagley","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":1001008,"text":"1001008 - 2003 - Optimizing larval assessment to support sea lamprey control in the Great Lakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-20T08:27:23","indexId":"1001008","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Optimizing larval assessment to support sea lamprey control in the Great Lakes","docAbstract":"Elements of the larval sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) assessment program that most strongly influence the chemical treatment program were analyzed, including selection of streams for larval surveys, allocation of sampling effort among stream reaches, allocation of sampling effort among habitat types, estimation of daily growth rates, and estimation of metamorphosis rates, to determine how uncertainty in each element influenced the stream selection program. First, the stream selection model based on current larval assessment sampling protocol significantly underestimated transforming sea lam-prey abundance, transforming sea lampreys killed, and marginal costs per sea lamprey killed, compared to a protocol that included more years of data (especially for large streams). Second, larval density in streams varied significantly with Type-I habitat area, but not with total area or reach length. Third, the ratio of larval density between Type-I and Type-II habitat varied significantly among streams, and that the optimal allocation of sampling effort varied with the proportion of habitat types and variability of larval density within each habitat. Fourth, mean length varied significantly among streams and years. Last, size at metamorphosis varied more among years than within or among regions and that metamorphosis varied significantly among streams within regions. Study results indicate that: (1) the stream selection model should be used to identify streams with potentially high residual populations of larval sea lampreys; (2) larval sampling in Type-II habitat should be initiated in all streams by increasing sampling in Type-II habitat to 50% of the sampling effort in Type-I habitat; and (3) methods should be investigated to reduce uncertainty in estimates of sea lamprey production, with emphasis on those that reduce the uncertainty associated with larval length at the end of the growing season and those used to predict metamorphosis.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0380-1330(03)70530-9","usgsCitation":"Hansen, M.J., Adams, J.V., Cuddy, D.W., Richards, J.M., Fodale, M.F., Larson, G.L., Ollila, D.J., Slade, J., Steeves, T., Young, R.J., and Zerrenner, A., 2003, Optimizing larval assessment to support sea lamprey control in the Great Lakes: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 29, p. 766-782, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0380-1330(03)70530-9.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"766","endPage":"782","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134094,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad1e4b07f02db681202","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hansen, Michael J. 0000-0001-8522-3876 michaelhansen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8522-3876","contributorId":5006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"Michael","email":"michaelhansen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":310184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Adams, Jean V. 0000-0002-9101-068X jvadams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9101-068X","contributorId":3140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Jean","email":"jvadams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":310183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cuddy, Douglas W.","contributorId":77474,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cuddy","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Richards, Jessica M.","contributorId":66655,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richards","given":"Jessica","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fodale, Michael F.","contributorId":18309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fodale","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Larson, Geraldine L.","contributorId":49323,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"Geraldine","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ollila, Dale J.","contributorId":53754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ollila","given":"Dale","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Slade, Jeffrey W.","contributorId":44890,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slade","given":"Jeffrey W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Steeves, Todd B.","contributorId":62564,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steeves","given":"Todd B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Young, Robert J.","contributorId":31356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Zerrenner, Adam","contributorId":10011,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zerrenner","given":"Adam","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":1000854,"text":"1000854 - 2003 - Development of a pH/alkalinity treatment model for applications of the lampricide TFM to streams tributary to the Great Lakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-19T11:57:10","indexId":"1000854","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Development of a pH/alkalinity treatment model for applications of the lampricide TFM to streams tributary to the Great Lakes","docAbstract":"It has long been known that the toxicity of the lampricide 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol (TFM) is influenced by chemical and physical properties of water. As the pH, conductivity, and alkalinity of water increase, greater concentrations of TFM are required to kill sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) larvae. Consequently, the concentration of TFM required for effective treatment varies among streams. Brown trout (Salmo trutta) and sea lamprey larvae were exposed to a series of TFM concentrations in a continuous-flow diluter for 12 h. Twenty five exposures were conducted at various water alkalinities and pHs that treatment personnel encounter during lampricide treatments. Survival/mortality data were analyzed for lampricide concentrations that produced 50 and 99.9% mortality (LC50 and LC99.9) for sea lamprey larvae and 25 and 50% mortality (LC25 and LC50) for brown trout. Linear regression analyses were performed for each set of tests for each selected alkalinity by comparing the 12-h post exposure LC99.9 sea lamprey data and LC25 brown trout data at each pH. Mortality data from on-site toxicity tests conducted by lampricide control personnel were compared to predicted values from the pH/alkalinity prediction model. Of the 31 tests examined, 27 resulted in the LC100s (lowest TFM concentration where 100% mortality of sea lamprey was observed after 12 h of exposure) falling within 0.2 mg/L of the predicted sea lamprey minimum lethal (LC99.9) range. The pH/alkalinity prediction model provides managers with an operational tool that reduces the amount of TFM required for effective treatment while minimizing the impact on non-target organisms.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0380-1330(03)70512-7","usgsCitation":"Bills, T.D., Boogaard, M.A., Johnson, D.A., Brege, D.C., Scholefield, R.J., Westman, R.W., and Stephens, B.E., 2003, Development of a pH/alkalinity treatment model for applications of the lampricide TFM to streams tributary to the Great Lakes: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 29, p. 510-520, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0380-1330(03)70512-7.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"510","endPage":"520","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128514,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9be4b07f02db65e0c4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bills, Terry D.","contributorId":30939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bills","given":"Terry","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boogaard, Michael A. 0000-0002-5192-8437 mboogaard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5192-8437","contributorId":865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boogaard","given":"Michael","email":"mboogaard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":309615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, David A.","contributorId":88683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brege, Dorance C.","contributorId":71504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brege","given":"Dorance","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Scholefield, Ronald J.","contributorId":64594,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scholefield","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Westman, R. Wayne","contributorId":87884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Westman","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Wayne","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Stephens, Brian E.","contributorId":78679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephens","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70026069,"text":"70026069 - 2003 - Selected resin acids in effluent and receiving waters derived from a bleached and unbleached kraft pulp and paper mill","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-04T16:05:01.72208","indexId":"70026069","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Selected resin acids in effluent and receiving waters derived from a bleached and unbleached kraft pulp and paper mill","docAbstract":"Water samples were collected on three dates at 24 sites influenced by effluent from Georgia-Pacific's Palatka Pulp and Paper Mill Operation, a bleached and unbleached kraft mill near Palatka, Florida, USA. The sampling sites were located within the mill retention ponds, Rice Creek, and the St. John's River. Samples were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for abietic, dehydroabietic, and isopimaric acids, all of which are potentially toxic by-products of pulp production. Isopimaric acid concentrations greater than 12 mg/L were measured at the mill's effluent outfall but were less than 20 μg/L at the end of Rice Creek. This result indicates that the waters of Rice Creek provide dilution or conditions conducive for degradation or sorption of these compounds. Large differences in resin acid concentrations were observed between sampling events. In two sampling events, the maximum observed concentrations were less than 2 mg/L for each analyte. In a third sampling event, all of the compounds were detected at concentrations greater than 10 mg/L. Data from the three sample dates showed that resin acid concentrations were below 20 μg/L before the confluence of Rice Creek and the St. John's River in all cases.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","doi":"10.1002/etc.5620220128","issn":"07307268","usgsCitation":"Quinn, B., Booth, M., Delfino, J., Holm, S.E., and Gross, T., 2003, Selected resin acids in effluent and receiving waters derived from a bleached and unbleached kraft pulp and paper mill: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 22, no. 1, p. 214-218, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620220128.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"214","endPage":"218","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":387682,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","city":"Palatka","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.7108154296875,\n 29.597341920567366\n ],\n [\n -81.54876708984375,\n 29.597341920567366\n ],\n [\n -81.54876708984375,\n 29.709524917923563\n ],\n [\n -81.7108154296875,\n 29.709524917923563\n ],\n [\n -81.7108154296875,\n 29.597341920567366\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"22","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8c92e4b08c986b317fb8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Quinn, B.P.","contributorId":61611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quinn","given":"B.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Booth, M.M.","contributorId":70161,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Booth","given":"M.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Delfino, J.J.","contributorId":81288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Delfino","given":"J.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Holm, S. E.","contributorId":49315,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Holm","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gross, T. S.","contributorId":95828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gross","given":"T. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70179833,"text":"70179833 - 2003 - Monitoring of Lost River and shortnose suckers at shoreline spawning areas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T15:30:56","indexId":"70179833","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"title":"Monitoring of Lost River and shortnose suckers at shoreline spawning areas","docAbstract":"Abstract not available
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Bureau of Reclamation","publisherLocation":"Klamath Falls, OR","usgsCitation":"Hayes, B., Janney, E., and Shively, R., 2003, Monitoring of Lost River and shortnose suckers at shoreline spawning areas.","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":333394,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58808d98e4b01dfadfff15a9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hayes, B.S.","contributorId":34721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"B.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Janney, E.C.","contributorId":43955,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Janney","given":"E.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shively, R.S.","contributorId":79642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shively","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70025383,"text":"70025383 - 2003 - Variations in flow and transport in thick desert vadose zones in response to paleoclimatic forcing (0-90 kyr): Field measurements, modeling, and uncertainties","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-16T08:00:30","indexId":"70025383","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Variations in flow and transport in thick desert vadose zones in response to paleoclimatic forcing (0-90 kyr): Field measurements, modeling, and uncertainties","docAbstract":"An understanding of unsaturated flow and potential recharge in interdrainage semiarid and arid regions is critical for quantification of water resources and contaminant transport. We evaluated system response to paleoclimatic forcing using water potential and Cl profiles and modeling of nonisothermal liquid and vapor flow and Cl transport at semiarid (High Plains, Texas) and arid (Chihuahuan Desert, Texas; Amargosa Desert, Nevada) sites. Infiltration in response to current climatic forcing is restricted to the shallow (∼0.3–3 m) subsurface. Subsurface Cl accumulations correspond to time periods of 9–90 kyr. Bulge-shaped Cl profiles generally represent accumulation during the Holocene (9–16 kyr). Lower Cl concentrations at depth reflect higher water fluxes (0.04–8.4 mm/yr) during the Pleistocene and earlier times. Low water potentials and upward gradients indicate current drying conditions. Nonisothermal liquid and vapor flow simulations indicate that upward flow for at least 1–2 kyr in the High Plains and for 12–16 kyr at the Chihuahuan and Amargosa desert sites is required to reproduce measured upward water potential gradients and that recharge is negligible (<0.1 mm/yr) in these interdrainage areas.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU Publications","doi":"10.1029/2002WR001604","usgsCitation":"Scanlon, B., Keese, K., Reedy, R., Simunek, J., and Andraski, B.J., 2003, Variations in flow and transport in thick desert vadose zones in response to paleoclimatic forcing (0-90 kyr): Field measurements, modeling, and uncertainties: Water Resources Research, v. 39, no. 7, Article 1179; 17 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2002WR001604.","productDescription":"Article 1179; 17 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235893,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-07-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc17de4b08c986b32a5d6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scanlon, Bridget R.","contributorId":74093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scanlon","given":"Bridget R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Keese, K.","contributorId":15813,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keese","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reedy, R.C.","contributorId":80880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reedy","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Simunek, Jirka","contributorId":9440,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Simunek","given":"Jirka","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Andraski, Brian J. 0000-0002-2086-0417 andraski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2086-0417","contributorId":168800,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andraski","given":"Brian","email":"andraski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":38175,"text":"Toxics Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":404981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70026090,"text":"70026090 - 2003 - Hydromechanical coupling in geologic processes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-06T16:40:38.485688","indexId":"70026090","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1923,"text":"Hydrogeology Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydromechanical coupling in geologic processes","docAbstract":"Earth's porous crust and the fluids within it are intimately linked through their mechanical effects on each other. This paper presents an overview of such \"hydromechanical\" coupling and examines current understanding of its role in geologic processes. An outline of the theory of hydromechanics and rheological models for geologic deformation is included to place various analytical approaches in proper context and to provide an introduction to this broad topic for nonspecialists.
Effects of hydromechanical coupling are ubiquitous in geology, and can be local and short-lived or regional and very long-lived. Phenomena such as deposition and erosion, tectonism, seismicity, earth tides, and barometric loading produce strains that tend to alter fluid pressure. Resulting pressure perturbations can be dramatic, and many so-called \"anomalous\" pressures appear to have been created in this manner. The effects of fluid pressure on crustal mechanics are also profound. Geologic media deform and fail largely in response to effective stress, or total stress minus fluid pressure. As a result, fluid pressures control compaction, decompaction, and other types of deformation, as well as jointing, shear failure, and shear slippage, including events that generate earthquakes. By controlling deformation and failure, fluid pressures also regulate states of stress in the upper crust.
Advances in the last 80 years, including theories of consolidation, transient groundwater flow, and poroelasticity, have been synthesized into a reasonably complete conceptual framework for understanding and describing hydromechanical coupling. Full coupling in two or three dimensions is described using force balance equations for deformation coupled with a mass conservation equation for fluid flow. Fully coupled analyses allow hypothesis testing and conceptual model development. However, rigorous application of full coupling is often difficult because (1) the rheological behavior of geologic media is complex and poorly understood and (2) the architecture, mechanical properties and boundary conditions, and deformation history of most geologic systems are not well known. Much of what is known about hydromechanical processes in geologic systems is derived from simpler analyses that ignore certain aspects of solid-fluid coupling. The simplifications introduce error, but more complete analyses usually are not warranted. Hydromechanical analyses should thus be interpreted judiciously, with an appreciation for their limitations. Innovative approaches to hydromechanical modeling and obtaining critical data may circumvent some current limitations and provide answers to remaining questions about crustal processes and fluid behavior in the crust.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10040-002-0230-8","issn":"14312174","usgsCitation":"Neuzil, C., 2003, Hydromechanical coupling in geologic processes: Hydrogeology Journal, v. 11, no. 1, p. 41-83, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-002-0230-8.","productDescription":"43 p.","startPage":"41","endPage":"83","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":387736,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-01-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3787e4b0c8380cd60f41","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Neuzil, C. E. 0000-0003-2022-4055","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2022-4055","contributorId":81078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neuzil","given":"C. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70025514,"text":"70025514 - 2003 - Genetic variation among interconnected populations of Catostomus occidentalis: Implications for distinguishing impacts of contaminants from biogeographical structuring","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-26T16:24:24","indexId":"70025514","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2774,"text":"Molecular Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Genetic variation among interconnected populations of Catostomus occidentalis: Implications for distinguishing impacts of contaminants from biogeographical structuring","docAbstract":"Exposure to contaminants can affect survivorship, recruitment, reproductive success, mutation rates and migration, and may play a significant role in the partitioning of genetic variation among exposed and nonexposed populations. However, the application of molecular population genetic data to evaluate such influences has been uncommon and often flawed. We tested whether patterns of genetic variation among native fish populations (Sacramento sucker, Catostomus occidentalis) in the Central Valley of California were consistent with long-term pesticide exposure history, or primarily with expectations based on biogeography. Field sampling was designed to rigorously test for both geographical and contamination influences. Fine-scale structure of these interconnected populations was detected with both amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP) and microsatellite markers, and patterns of variation elucidated by the two marker systems were highly concordant. Analyses indicated that biogeographical hypotheses described the data set better than hypotheses relating to common historical pesticide exposure. Downstream populations had higher genetic diversity than upstream populations, regardless of exposure history, and genetic distances showed that populations from the same river system tended to cluster together. Relatedness among populations reflected primarily directions of gene flow, rather than convergence among contaminant-exposed populations. Watershed geography accounted for significant partitioning of genetic variation among populations, whereas contaminant exposure history did not. Genetic patterns indicating contaminant-induced selection, increased mutation rates or recent bottlenecks were weak or absent. We stress the importance of testing contaminant-induced genetic change hypotheses within a biogeographical context. Strategic application of molecular markers for analysis of fine-scale structure, and for evaluating contaminant impacts on gene pools, is discussed.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Molecular Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1046/j.1365-294X.2003.01933.x","issn":"09621083","usgsCitation":"Whitehead, A., Anderson, S., Kuivila, K., Roach, J., and May, B., 2003, Genetic variation among interconnected populations of Catostomus occidentalis: Implications for distinguishing impacts of contaminants from biogeographical structuring: Molecular Ecology, v. 12, no. 10, p. 2817-2833, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-294X.2003.01933.x.","startPage":"2817","endPage":"2833","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":209563,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-294X.2003.01933.x"},{"id":236161,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-09-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a158ae4b0c8380cd54e75","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Whitehead, A.","contributorId":78514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitehead","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, S.L.","contributorId":49575,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kuivila, K.M.","contributorId":34529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuivila","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Roach, J.L.","contributorId":21253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roach","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"May, B.","contributorId":19112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"May","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70179864,"text":"70179864 - 2003 - Characterization of flow, temperature, habitat conditions, and fish populations in the Rattlesnake Creek Watershed","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-19T11:35:56","indexId":"70179864","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Characterization of flow, temperature, habitat conditions, and fish populations in the Rattlesnake Creek Watershed","docAbstract":"Abstract not available
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Assess current and potential salmonid production in Rattlesnake Creek associated with restoration efforts","language":"English","publisher":"Bonneville Power Administration","publisherLocation":"Portland, OR","usgsCitation":"Allen, B., Connolly, P., and Martens, K., 2003, Characterization of flow, temperature, habitat conditions, and fish populations in the Rattlesnake Creek Watershed.","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":333442,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5881dee2e4b01192927d9fc1","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Connolly, P.J.","contributorId":70141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Connolly","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":658991,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Allen, B.M.","contributorId":178458,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Allen","given":"B.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Connolly, P.J.","contributorId":70141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Connolly","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":658989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Martens, K.","contributorId":47221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martens","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70179870,"text":"70179870 - 2003 - Assess current potential salmonid production in Rattlesnake Creek associated with restoration efforts. Annual report 2001-2002","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-19T12:20:08","indexId":"70179870","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Assess current potential salmonid production in Rattlesnake Creek associated with restoration efforts. Annual report 2001-2002","docAbstract":"Abstract not available
","language":"English","publisher":"Bonneville Power Administration","publisherLocation":"Portland, OR","usgsCitation":"Connolly, P., 2003, Assess current potential salmonid production in Rattlesnake Creek associated with restoration efforts. Annual report 2001-2002.","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":333458,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5881dee1e4b01192927d9fb7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Connolly, P.J.","contributorId":70141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Connolly","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":659027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70024598,"text":"70024598 - 2003 - Reinterpretation of the stratigraphy and structure of the Rancho Las Norias area, central Sonora, Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:13","indexId":"70024598","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2462,"text":"Journal of South American Earth Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reinterpretation of the stratigraphy and structure of the Rancho Las Norias area, central Sonora, Mexico","docAbstract":"New geologic mapping and fossil data in the vicinity of Rancho Las Norias, 30 km east of Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico, show that rocks previously mapped as Precambrian instead are Paleozoic. Previous geologic maps of the Rancho Las Norias area show northeast-directed, southwest-dipping reverse or thrust faults deforming both Precambrian and Paleozoic rocks. The revised stratigraphy requires reinterpretation of some of these faults as high-angle normal or oblique-slip faults and the elimination of other faults. We agree with earlier geologic map interpretations that compressional structures have affected the Paleozoic rocks in the area, but our mapping suggests that the direction of compression is from southeast to northwest. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of South American Earth Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jsames.2003.07.002","issn":"08959811","usgsCitation":"Page, W.R., Harris, A., Poole, F.G., and Repetski, J., 2003, Reinterpretation of the stratigraphy and structure of the Rancho Las Norias area, central Sonora, Mexico: Journal of South American Earth Sciences, v. 16, no. 6, p. 523-540, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsames.2003.07.002.","startPage":"523","endPage":"540","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207736,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsames.2003.07.002"},{"id":232916,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-11-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a60ee4b0e8fec6cdc08e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Page, W. R.","contributorId":73619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Page","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harris, A. G.","contributorId":39791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"A. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Poole, F. G. 0000-0001-8487-0799","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8487-0799","contributorId":104883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poole","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":401846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Repetski, J.E.","contributorId":38579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Repetski","given":"J.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70025237,"text":"70025237 - 2003 - Evidence for nutrient enrichment of high-elevation lakes in the Sierra Nevada, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T16:07:44","indexId":"70025237","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2620,"text":"Limnology and Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence for nutrient enrichment of high-elevation lakes in the Sierra Nevada, California","docAbstract":"Long-term measurements (1983-2001) of nutrients and seston in Emerald Lake (Sierra Nevada, California) have revealed ecologically significant patterns. Nitrate, both during spring runoff and during growing seasons, declined from 1983 through 1995. Declining snowmelt nitrate was caused primarily by changes in snow regime induced by the 1987-1992 drought: years with shallow, early melting snowpacks had lower snowmelt nitrate concentrations owing to less labile N production in catchment soils and longer plant growing seasons. However, nitrate declines during growing seasons carried through the wetter years of 1993-2000 and are likely the result of increased P loading to the lake and the release of phytoplankton from P limitation. Contemporaneous with these changes was an increase in algal biomass and a shift from P limitation toward more frequent N limitation of phytoplankton abundance. Particulate carbon concentrations in the late 1990s were two- to threefold greater than in the early 1980s. These trends were reflected in a larger set of Sierra Nevada lakes sampled as part of synoptic surveys (n = 28). Between 1985 and 1999, nitrate decreased and total P increased in >70% of the lakes sampled. Our data suggest that lakes throughout the Sierra Nevada are experiencing measurable eutrophication in response to the atmospheric deposition of nutrients.","language":"English","publisher":"ASLO","doi":"10.4319/lo.2003.48.5.1885","issn":"00243590","usgsCitation":"Sickman, J.O., Melack, J.M., and Clow, D.W., 2003, Evidence for nutrient enrichment of high-elevation lakes in the Sierra Nevada, California: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 48, no. 5, p. 1885-1892, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2003.48.5.1885.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1885","endPage":"1892","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478508,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2003.48.5.1885","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":235958,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"48","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-09-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0d4ce4b0c8380cd52f26","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sickman, James O.","contributorId":30741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sickman","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Melack, John M.","contributorId":167466,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Melack","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":24713,"text":"Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":404359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clow, David W. 0000-0001-6183-4824 dwclow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6183-4824","contributorId":1671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clow","given":"David","email":"dwclow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":404358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70024961,"text":"70024961 - 2003 - Effects of daily precipitation and evapotranspiration patterns on flow and VOC transport to groundwater along a watershed flow path","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-08T12:33:59","indexId":"70024961","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of daily precipitation and evapotranspiration patterns on flow and VOC transport to groundwater along a watershed flow path","docAbstract":"MTBE and other volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are widely observed in shallow groundwater in the United States, especially in urban areas. Previous studies suggest that the atmosphere and/or nonpoint surficial sources could be responsible for some of those VOCs, especially in areas where there is net recharge to groundwater. However, in semi-arid locations where annual potential evapotranspiration can exceed annual precipitation, VOC detections in groundwater can be frequent. VOC transport to groundwater under net discharge conditions has not previously been examined. A numerical model is used here to demonstrate that daily precipitation and evapotranspiration (ET) patterns can have a significant effect on recharge to groundwater, water table elevations, and VOC transport. Ten-year precipitation/ET scenarios from six sites in the United States are examined using both actual daily observed values and “average” pulsed precipitation. MTBE and tetrachloroethylene transport, including gas-phase diffusion, are considered. The effects of the precipitation/ET scenarios on net recharge and groundwater flow are significant and complicated, especially under low-precipitation conditions when pulsed precipitation can significantly underestimate transport to groundwater. In addition to precipitation and evapotranspiration effects, location of VOC entry into the subsurface within the watershed is important for transport in groundwater. This is caused by groundwater hydraulics at the watershed scale as well as variations in ET within the watershed. The model results indicate that it is important to consider both daily precipitation/ET patterns and location within the watershed in order to interpret VOC occurrence in groundwater, especially in low-precipitation settings.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/es026252c","usgsCitation":"Johnson, R.L., Thoms, R., and Zogorski, J., 2003, Effects of daily precipitation and evapotranspiration patterns on flow and VOC transport to groundwater along a watershed flow path: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 37, no. 21, p. 4944-4954, https://doi.org/10.1021/es026252c.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"4944","endPage":"4954","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233006,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"21","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-10-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a064ee4b0c8380cd511c2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Richard L.","contributorId":169575,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thoms, R.B.","contributorId":7466,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thoms","given":"R.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zogorski, J.S.","contributorId":108201,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zogorski","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70025238,"text":"70025238 - 2003 - GCIP water and energy budget synthesis (WEBS)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-27T13:53:32","indexId":"70025238","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2316,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"GCIP water and energy budget synthesis (WEBS)","docAbstract":"As part of the World Climate Research Program's (WCRPs) Global Energy and Water-Cycle Experiment (GEWEX) Continental-scale International Project (GCIP), a preliminary water and energy budget synthesis (WEBS) was developed for the period 1996-1999 fromthe \"best available\" observations and models. Besides this summary paper, a companion CD-ROM with more extensive discussion, figures, tables, and raw data is available to the interested researcher from the GEWEX project office, the GAPP project office, or the first author. An updated online version of the CD-ROM is also available at http://ecpc.ucsd.edu/gcip/webs.htm/. Observations cannot adequately characterize or \"close\" budgets since too many fundamental processes are missing. Models that properly represent the many complicated atmospheric and near-surface interactions are also required. This preliminary synthesis therefore included a representative global general circulation model, regional climate model, and a macroscale hydrologic model as well as a global reanalysis and a regional analysis. By the qualitative agreement among the models and available observations, it did appear that we now qualitatively understand water and energy budgets of the Mississippi River Basin. However, there is still much quantitative uncertainty. In that regard, there did appear to be a clear advantage to using a regional analysis over a global analysis or a regional simulation over a global simulation to describe the Mississippi River Basin water and energy budgets. There also appeared to be some advantage to using a macroscale hydrologic model for at least the surface water budgets. Copyright 2003 by the American Geophysical Union.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/2002JD002583","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Roads, J., Lawford, R., Bainto, E., Berbery, E., Chen, S., Fekete, B., Gallo, K., Grundstein, A., Higgins, W., Kanamitsu, M., Krajewski, W., Lakshmi, V., Leathers, D., Lettenmaier, D., Luo, L., Maurer, E., Meyers, T., Miller, D., Mitchell, K., Mote, T., Pinker, R., Reichler, T., Robinson, D., Robock, A., Smith, J., Srinivasan, G., Verdin, K., Vinnikov, K., Vonder, H.T., Vorosmarty, C., Williams, S., and Yarosh, E., 2003, GCIP water and energy budget synthesis (WEBS): Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres, v. 108, no. 16, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JD002583.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) 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