The Empiric Stream Treatment Ranking (ESTR) system is a data-driven, model-based, decision tool for selecting Great Lakes streams for treatment with lampricide, based on estimates from larval sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) surveys conducted throughout the basin. The 2000 ESTR system was described and applied to larval assessment surveys conducted from 1996 to 1999. A comparative analysis of stream survey and selection data was conducted and improvements to the stream selection process were recommended. Streams were selected for treatment based on treatment cost, predicted treatment effectiveness, and the projected number of juvenile sea lampreys produced. On average, lampricide treatments were applied annually to 49 streams with 1,075 ha of larval habitat, killing 15 million larval and 514,000 juvenile sea lampreys at a total cost of $5.3 million, and marginal and mean costs of $85 and $10 per juvenile killed. The numbers of juvenile sea lampreys killed for given treatment costs showed a pattern of diminishing returns with increasing investment. Of the streams selected for treatment, those with > 14 ha of larval habitat targeted 73% of the juvenile sea lampreys for 60% of the treatment cost. Suggested improvements to the ESTR system were to improve accuracy and precision of model estimates, account for uncertainty in estimates, include all potentially productive streams in the process (not just those surveyed in the current year), consider the value of all larvae killed during treatment (not just those predicted to metamorphose the following year), use lake-specific estimates of damage, and establish formal suppression targets.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0380-1330(03)70484-5","usgsCitation":"Christie, G.C., Adams, J.V., Steeves, T., Slade, J., Cuddy, D.W., Fodale, M.F., Young, R.J., Kuc, M., and Jones, M., 2003, Selecting Great Lakes streams for lampricide treatment based on larval sea lamprey surveys: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 29, p. 152-160, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0380-1330(03)70484-5.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"152","endPage":"160","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133775,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dae4b07f02db5e0599","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Christie, Gavin C.","contributorId":13937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christie","given":"Gavin","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Adams, Jean V. 0000-0002-9101-068X jvadams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9101-068X","contributorId":3140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Jean","email":"jvadams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":309606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Steeves, Todd B.","contributorId":62564,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steeves","given":"Todd B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Slade, Jeffrey W.","contributorId":44890,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slade","given":"Jeffrey W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cuddy, Douglas W.","contributorId":77474,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cuddy","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Fodale, Michael F.","contributorId":18309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fodale","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Young, Robert J.","contributorId":31356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Kuc, Miroslaw","contributorId":11573,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuc","given":"Miroslaw","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Jones, Michael L.","contributorId":7219,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jones","given":"Michael L.","affiliations":[{"id":6590,"text":"Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":309607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70024864,"text":"70024864 - 2003 - Suppressed vitrinite reflectance in the Ferron coalbed gas fairway, central Utah: Possible influence of overpressure","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:08","indexId":"70024864","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Suppressed vitrinite reflectance in the Ferron coalbed gas fairway, central Utah: Possible influence of overpressure","docAbstract":"Chemical and thermoplastic properties of coals in the Ferron coalbed methane fairway indicate that coals in the north are of higher rank than coals in the south. Measured vitrinite reflectance does not accurately show this variation of coal rank. Although vitrinite reflectance in the southern and central part of the fairway is consistent with other measures of coal rank, suppressed vitrinite reflectance is observed in the north where methane contents are relatively high. This coincidence of suppressed reflectance and relatively high coalbed methane yields may be significant. We speculate that the suppressed reflectance values result from a burial history where overpressure developed during the early stages of coalification and persisted until recent uplift and cooling; such instances may be diagnostic of prospective coalbed methane targets elsewhere. ?? 2003 Published by Elsevier B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Coal Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0166-5162(03)00076-4","issn":"01665162","usgsCitation":"Quick, J., and Tabet, D., 2003, Suppressed vitrinite reflectance in the Ferron coalbed gas fairway, central Utah: Possible influence of overpressure: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 56, no. 1-2, p. 49-67, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-5162(03)00076-4.","startPage":"49","endPage":"67","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207919,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0166-5162(03)00076-4"},{"id":233214,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"56","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9f83e4b08c986b31e62d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Quick, J.C.","contributorId":80848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quick","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tabet, D.E.","contributorId":31536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tabet","given":"D.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1000962,"text":"1000962 - 2003 - Sea lamprey abundance and management in Lake Superior 1957-1999","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-20T10:42:57","indexId":"1000962","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sea lamprey abundance and management in Lake Superior 1957-1999","docAbstract":"The international sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) control program successfully laid the foundation for rehabilitation of lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) in Lake Superior and was well coordinated among management agencies during 1957–1999. The lampricide TFM was the primary control tool, with recurring treatments in 52 larval-producing streams. Barriers and sterile-male-release, as alternative control technologies, were significant elements of the program. Barriers blocked spawning sea lampreys from substantial areas of habitat for sea lamprey larvae during 1966–1999, and the sterile-male-release technique was used to reduce larval production during 1991–1996. Sea lamprey control resulted in the suppression of sea lamprey populations in Lake Superior, as evidenced by the linear decline in spawner abundance during 1962–1999. However, sea lamprey abundance was not as low as the targets specified in the fish community objectives. Most of the parasitic sea lampreys in Lake Superior probably originated from survivors of lampricide treatments. Self-sustaining populations of lake trout were restored in most of the lake by 1996, although many were killed annually by sea lampreys. Economic injury levels for damage to fish populations by sea lampreys are being developed and will be used to distribute sea lamprey control resources among the Great Lakes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0380-1330(03)70517-6","usgsCitation":"Heinrich, J.W., Mullett, K.M., Hansen, M.J., Adams, J.V., Klar, G.T., Johnson, D.A., Christie, G.C., and Young, R.J., 2003, Sea lamprey abundance and management in Lake Superior 1957-1999: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 29, p. 566-583, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0380-1330(03)70517-6.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"566","endPage":"583","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133563,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc5fe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heinrich, John W.","contributorId":63754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heinrich","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mullett, Katherine M.","contributorId":70733,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mullett","given":"Katherine","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hansen, Michael J. 0000-0001-8522-3876 michaelhansen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8522-3876","contributorId":5006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"Michael","email":"michaelhansen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":310003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Adams, Jean V. 0000-0002-9101-068X jvadams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9101-068X","contributorId":3140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Jean","email":"jvadams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":310002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Klar, Gerald T.","contributorId":20292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klar","given":"Gerald","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Johnson, David A.","contributorId":88683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Christie, Gavin C.","contributorId":13937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christie","given":"Gavin","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Young, Robert J.","contributorId":31356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":1001008,"text":"1001008 - 2003 - Optimizing larval assessment to support sea lamprey control in the Great Lakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-20T08:27:23","indexId":"1001008","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Optimizing larval assessment to support sea lamprey control in the Great Lakes","docAbstract":"Elements of the larval sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) assessment program that most strongly influence the chemical treatment program were analyzed, including selection of streams for larval surveys, allocation of sampling effort among stream reaches, allocation of sampling effort among habitat types, estimation of daily growth rates, and estimation of metamorphosis rates, to determine how uncertainty in each element influenced the stream selection program. First, the stream selection model based on current larval assessment sampling protocol significantly underestimated transforming sea lam-prey abundance, transforming sea lampreys killed, and marginal costs per sea lamprey killed, compared to a protocol that included more years of data (especially for large streams). Second, larval density in streams varied significantly with Type-I habitat area, but not with total area or reach length. Third, the ratio of larval density between Type-I and Type-II habitat varied significantly among streams, and that the optimal allocation of sampling effort varied with the proportion of habitat types and variability of larval density within each habitat. Fourth, mean length varied significantly among streams and years. Last, size at metamorphosis varied more among years than within or among regions and that metamorphosis varied significantly among streams within regions. Study results indicate that: (1) the stream selection model should be used to identify streams with potentially high residual populations of larval sea lampreys; (2) larval sampling in Type-II habitat should be initiated in all streams by increasing sampling in Type-II habitat to 50% of the sampling effort in Type-I habitat; and (3) methods should be investigated to reduce uncertainty in estimates of sea lamprey production, with emphasis on those that reduce the uncertainty associated with larval length at the end of the growing season and those used to predict metamorphosis.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0380-1330(03)70530-9","usgsCitation":"Hansen, M.J., Adams, J.V., Cuddy, D.W., Richards, J.M., Fodale, M.F., Larson, G.L., Ollila, D.J., Slade, J., Steeves, T., Young, R.J., and Zerrenner, A., 2003, Optimizing larval assessment to support sea lamprey control in the Great Lakes: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 29, p. 766-782, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0380-1330(03)70530-9.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"766","endPage":"782","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134094,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad1e4b07f02db681202","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hansen, Michael J. 0000-0001-8522-3876 michaelhansen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8522-3876","contributorId":5006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"Michael","email":"michaelhansen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":310184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Adams, Jean V. 0000-0002-9101-068X jvadams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9101-068X","contributorId":3140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Jean","email":"jvadams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":310183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cuddy, Douglas W.","contributorId":77474,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cuddy","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Richards, Jessica M.","contributorId":66655,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richards","given":"Jessica","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fodale, Michael F.","contributorId":18309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fodale","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Larson, Geraldine L.","contributorId":49323,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"Geraldine","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ollila, Dale J.","contributorId":53754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ollila","given":"Dale","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Slade, Jeffrey W.","contributorId":44890,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slade","given":"Jeffrey W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Steeves, Todd B.","contributorId":62564,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steeves","given":"Todd B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Young, Robert J.","contributorId":31356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Zerrenner, Adam","contributorId":10011,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zerrenner","given":"Adam","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":1000864,"text":"1000864 - 2003 - Evaluation of a rapid, quantitative real-time PCR method for enumeration of pathogenic Candida cells in water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-19T12:56:18","indexId":"1000864","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":850,"text":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of a rapid, quantitative real-time PCR method for enumeration of pathogenic Candida cells in water","docAbstract":"Quantitative PCR (QPCR) technology, incorporating fluorigenic 5′ nuclease (TaqMan) chemistry, was utilized for the specific detection and quantification of six pathogenic species of Candida (C. albicans, C. tropicalis, C. krusei, C. parapsilosis, C. glabrata and C. lusitaniae) in water. Known numbers of target cells were added to distilled and tap water samples, filtered, and disrupted directly on the membranes for recovery of DNA for QPCR analysis. The assay's sensitivities were between one and three cells per filter. The accuracy of the cell estimates was between 50 and 200% of their true value (95% confidence level). In similar tests with surface water samples, the presence of PCR inhibitory compounds necessitated further purification and/or dilution of the DNA extracts, with resultant reductions in sensitivity but generally not in quantitative accuracy. Analyses of a series of freshwater samples collected from a recreational beach showed positive correlations between the QPCR results and colony counts of the corresponding target species. Positive correlations were also seen between the cell quantities of the target Candida species detected in these analyses and colony counts of Enterococcus organisms. With a combined sample processing and analysis time of less than 4 h, this method shows great promise as a tool for rapidly assessing potential exposures to waterborne pathogenic Candida species from drinking and recreational waters and may have applications in the detection of fecal pollution.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","doi":"10.1128/AEM.69.3.1775-1782.2003","usgsCitation":"Brinkman, N.E., Haugland, R.A., Wymer, L.J., Byappanahalli, M., Whitman, R.L., and Vesper, S.J., 2003, Evaluation of a rapid, quantitative real-time PCR method for enumeration of pathogenic Candida cells in water: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v. 69, no. 3, p. 1775-1782, https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.69.3.1775-1782.2003.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1775","endPage":"1782","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478425,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/150045","text":"External Repository"},{"id":133544,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"69","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db625928","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brinkman, Nichole E.","contributorId":69940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brinkman","given":"Nichole","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haugland, Richard A.","contributorId":102439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haugland","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wymer, Larry J.","contributorId":41791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wymer","given":"Larry","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Byappanahalli, Muruleedhara N.","contributorId":47335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Byappanahalli","given":"Muruleedhara N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Whitman, Richard L. rwhitman@usgs.gov","contributorId":542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitman","given":"Richard","email":"rwhitman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":309648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Vesper, Stephen J.","contributorId":78296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vesper","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":1000992,"text":"1000992 - 2003 - Historic and modern abundance of wild lean lake trout in Michigan waters of Lake Superior: Implications for restoration goals","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-23T09:08:07","indexId":"1000992","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Historic and modern abundance of wild lean lake trout in Michigan waters of Lake Superior: Implications for restoration goals","docAbstract":"Populations of lake trout Salvelinus namaycush in Lake Superior collapsed in the late 1950s due to overfishing and predation by sea lampreys Petromyzon marinus. A binational effort to restore the lean morphotype of lake trout began with the stocking of hatchery-reared fish followed by the chemical control of sea lampreys and closure of the commercial fishery. Previous comparisons of the contemporary abundance of wild lean lake trout with that from historic commercial fishery statistics indicate that abundance was higher historically. However, this conclusion may be biased because several factors—the inclusion of siscowet (the “fat” morphotype of lake trout) in the catch statistics, the soak time of nets, seasonal effects on catch per effort, and the confounding effects of effort targeted at lake whitefish Coregonus clupeaformis—were not accounted for. We developed new indices of historic lean lake trout abundance that correct for these biases and compared them with the assessment data from 1984 to 1998 in Michigan waters of Lake Superior. The modern (1984–1998) abundance of wild lean lake trout is at least as high as that during 1929–1943 in six of eight management areas but lower in one area. Measures to promote and protect naturally reproducing populations have been more successful than previously realized.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8675(2003)023<0100:HAMAOW>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Wilberg, M.J., Hansen, M.J., and Bronte, C.R., 2003, Historic and modern abundance of wild lean lake trout in Michigan waters of Lake Superior: Implications for restoration goals: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 23, no. 1, p. 100-108, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(2003)023<0100:HAMAOW>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"100","endPage":"108","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128498,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae1e4b07f02db68863d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilberg, Michael J.","contributorId":36494,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilberg","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hansen, Michael J. 0000-0001-8522-3876 michaelhansen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8522-3876","contributorId":5006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"Michael","email":"michaelhansen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":310105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bronte, Charles R.","contributorId":83050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bronte","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1001009,"text":"1001009 - 2003 - Response of larval sea lampreys (Petromyzon marinus) to pulsed DC electrical stimuli in laboratory experiments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-20T08:05:53","indexId":"1001009","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Response of larval sea lampreys (Petromyzon marinus) to pulsed DC electrical stimuli in laboratory experiments","docAbstract":"Four electrical factors that are used in pulsed DC electrofishing for larval sea lampreys (Petromyzon marinus) were evaluated in two laboratory studies to determine the optimal values to induce larval emergence over a range of water temperatures and conductivities. Burrowed larvae were exposed to combinations of pulsed DC electrical factors including five pulse frequencies, three pulse patterns, and two levels of duty cycle over a range of seven voltage gradients in two separate studies conducted at water temperatures of 10, 15, and 20°C and water conductivities of 25, 200, and 900 μS/cm. A four-way analysis of variance was used to determine significant (α = 0.05) influences of each electrical factor on larval emergence. Multiple comparison tests with Bonferroni adjustments were used to determine which values of each factor resulted in significantly higher emergence at each temperature and conductivity. Voltage gradient and pulse frequency significantly affected emergence according to the ANOVA model at each temperature and conductivity tested. Duty cycle and pulse pattern generally did not significantly influence the model. Findings suggest that a setting of 2.0 V/cm, 3 pulses/sec, 10% duty, and 2:2 pulse pattern seems the most promising in waters of medium conductivity and across a variety of temperatures. This information provides a basis for understanding larval response to pulsed DC electrofishing gear factors and identifies electrofisher settings that show promise to increase the efficiency of the gear during assessments for burrowed sea lamprey larvae.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0380-1330(03)70486-9","usgsCitation":"Bowen, A.K., Weisser, J.W., Bergstedt, R.A., and Famoye, F., 2003, Response of larval sea lampreys (Petromyzon marinus) to pulsed DC electrical stimuli in laboratory experiments: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 29, no. Supplement 1, p. 174-182, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0380-1330(03)70486-9.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"174","endPage":"182","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128883,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"Supplement 1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b06e4b07f02db69a03c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bowen, Anjanette K.","contributorId":27398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowen","given":"Anjanette","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weisser, John W.","contributorId":95423,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weisser","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bergstedt, Roger A. rbergstedt@usgs.gov","contributorId":4174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergstedt","given":"Roger","email":"rbergstedt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":310194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Famoye, Felix","contributorId":95832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Famoye","given":"Felix","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":1001010,"text":"1001010 - 2003 - Development and implementation of an integrated program for control of sea lampreys in the St. Marys River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-20T07:44:33","indexId":"1001010","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Development and implementation of an integrated program for control of sea lampreys in the St. Marys River","docAbstract":"The development and implementation of a strategy for control of sea lampreys (Petromyzon marinus) in the St. Marys River formed the basis for rehabilitation of lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) and other fish in Lakes Huron and Michigan. The control strategy was implemented by the Great Lakes Fishery Commission (GLFC) upon recommendations by the interagency Sea Lamprey Integration Committee, and many managers and scientists from United States and Canada federal, state, provincial, tribal, and private institutions. Analyses of benefits vs. costs of control options and modeling of the cumulative effects on abundance of parasitic-phase sea lampreys and lake trout produced a strategy that involved an integration of control technologies that included long- and short-term measures. The longterm measures included interference with sea lamprey reproduction by the trapping and removal of spawning-phase sea lampreys from the river and the sterilization and release of the trapped male sea lampreys. The theoretical reduction of larvae produced in the river from these two combined techniques averaged almost 90% during 1997 to 1999. Lampricide treatment with granular Bayluscide of 880 ha of plots densely populated with larvae occurred during 1998, 1999, and 2001 because modeling showed the sooner parasitic-phase sea lamprey populations declined in Lake Huron the greater the improvement for restoration of lake trout during 1995 to 2015. Post-treatment assessments showed about 55% of the larvae had been removed from the river. An adaptive assessment plan predicted high probability of detection of control effects because of many available indicators. The GLFC will face several critical decisions beyond 2001, and initiated a decision analysis project to aid in those decisions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0380-1330(03)70523-1","usgsCitation":"Schleen, L.P., Christie, G.C., Heinrich, J.W., Bergstedt, R.A., Young, R.J., Morse, T.J., Lavis, D.S., Bills, T.D., Johnson, J.E., and Ebener, M.P., 2003, Development and implementation of an integrated program for control of sea lampreys in the St. Marys River: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 29, p. 677-693, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0380-1330(03)70523-1.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"677","endPage":"693","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133579,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa7e4b07f02db667292","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schleen, Larry P.","contributorId":27016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schleen","given":"Larry","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Christie, Gavin C.","contributorId":13937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christie","given":"Gavin","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Heinrich, John W.","contributorId":63754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heinrich","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bergstedt, Roger A. rbergstedt@usgs.gov","contributorId":4174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergstedt","given":"Roger","email":"rbergstedt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":310198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Young, Robert J.","contributorId":31356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Morse, Terry J.","contributorId":79074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morse","given":"Terry","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lavis, Dennis S.","contributorId":31361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lavis","given":"Dennis","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Bills, Terry D.","contributorId":30939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bills","given":"Terry","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Johnson, James E.","contributorId":45668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Ebener, Mark P.","contributorId":25099,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ebener","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":12957,"text":"Chippewa Ottawa Resource Authority","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":310200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":1000981,"text":"1000981 - 2003 - An enhanced cluster analysis program with bootstrap significance testing for ecological community analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-04T16:20:09","indexId":"1000981","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1551,"text":"Environmental Modelling and Software","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An enhanced cluster analysis program with bootstrap significance testing for ecological community analysis","docAbstract":"The biosphere is filled with complex living patterns and important questions about biodiversity and community and ecosystem ecology are concerned with structure and function of multispecies systems that are responsible for those patterns. Cluster analysis identifies discrete groups within multivariate data and is an effective method of coping with these complexities, but often suffers from subjective identification of groups. The bootstrap testing method greatly improves objective significance determination for cluster analysis. The BOOTCLUS program makes cluster analysis that reliably identifies real patterns within a data set more accessible and easier to use than previously available programs. A variety of analysis options and rapid re-analysis provide a means to quickly evaluate several aspects of a data set. Interpretation is influenced by sampling design and a priori designation of samples into replicate groups, and ultimately relies on the researcher's knowledge of the organisms and their environment. However, the BOOTCLUS program provides reliable, objectively determined groupings of multivariate data.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Modelling and Software","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/S1364-8152(02)00094-4","usgsCitation":"McKenna, J., 2003, An enhanced cluster analysis program with bootstrap significance testing for ecological community analysis: Environmental Modelling and Software, v. 18, no. 3, p. 205-220, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1364-8152(02)00094-4.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"205","endPage":"220","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":265839,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1364-8152(02)00094-4"},{"id":133323,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad8e4b07f02db684a45","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McKenna, J.E. Jr.","contributorId":106065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKenna","given":"J.E.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1000982,"text":"1000982 - 2003 - Genetic variation over space and time: Analyses of extinct and remnant lake trout populations in the Upper Great Lakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-19T13:44:03","indexId":"1000982","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3174,"text":"Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Genetic variation over space and time: Analyses of extinct and remnant lake trout populations in the Upper Great Lakes","docAbstract":"Lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) in the upper Laurentian Great Lakes of North America experienced striking reductions in abundance and distribution during the mid–twentieth century. Complete collapse of populations was documented for Lake Michigan, and a few remnant populations remained only in lakes Huron and Superior. Using DNA obtained from historical scale collections, we analysed patterns of genetic diversity at five microsatellite loci from archived historical samples representing 15 populations (range 1940–1959) and from three contemporary remnant populations across lakes Huron and Superior (total n = 893). Demographic declines in abundance and the extirpation of native lake trout populations during the past 40 years have resulted in the loss of genetic diversity between lakes owing to extirpation of Lake Michigan populations and a temporal trend for reduction in allelic richness in the populations of lakes Superior and Huron. Naturally reproducing populations in Lake Superior, which had been considered to be remnants of historical populations, and which were believed to be responsible for the resurgence of lake trout numbers and distribution, have probably been affected by hatchery supplementation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Royal Society Publishing","doi":"10.1098/rspb.2002.2250","usgsCitation":"Guinand, B., Scribner, K., Page, K., and Burnham-Curtis, M.K., 2003, Genetic variation over space and time: Analyses of extinct and remnant lake trout populations in the Upper Great Lakes: Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, v. 270, no. 1513, p. 425-433, https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2002.2250.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"425","endPage":"433","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478543,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1691259","text":"External Repository"},{"id":132690,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"270","issue":"1513","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-02-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6aea85","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Guinand, B.","contributorId":6020,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guinand","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scribner, K.T.","contributorId":97033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scribner","given":"K.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Page, K.S.","contributorId":47332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Page","given":"K.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Burnham-Curtis, M. K.","contributorId":39328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burnham-Curtis","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":1000890,"text":"1000890 - 2003 - Parasites of burbot, Lota lota, from Lake Huron, Michigan, U.S.A., with a checklist of the North American parasites of burbot","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-20T08:46:08","indexId":"1000890","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2223,"text":"Journal of Comparative Parasitology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Parasites of burbot, Lota lota, from Lake Huron, Michigan, U.S.A., with a checklist of the North American parasites of burbot","docAbstract":"Forty-five adult burbot, Lota lota, collected in July 1998 from Six Fathom Bank (Six Fathom Bank Lake Trout Refuge) and Yankee Reef in Lake Huron, Michigan, U.S.A., were examined for parasites. A total of 10 parasite species infected burbot. Diplostomum sp., Eubothrium rugosum,Haplonema hamulatum, Echinorhynchus salmonis, and Trichodina sp. infected 60% or more of the burbot examined from each location. Diplostomum sp. had the highest mean intensity, and E. salmonis had the highest mean abundance in burbot from Six Fathom Bank. Echinorhynchus salmonishad the highest mean intensity and mean abundance in burbot from Yankee Reef. Diplostomum sp.,H. hamulatun, and E. salmonis in burbot from Yankee Reef had significantly higher mean intensities and mean abundances than those in fish from Six Fathom Bank. The lengths and weights of burbot from Yankee Reef were significantly greater than those of fish from Six Fathom Bank. A checklist of parasites of burbot from published records in North America is presented.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1654/4062","usgsCitation":"Muzzall, P.M., Gillilland, M.G., Bowen, C.A., Coady, N.R., and Peebles, C.R., 2003, Parasites of burbot, Lota lota, from Lake Huron, Michigan, U.S.A., with a checklist of the North American parasites of burbot: Journal of Comparative Parasitology, v. 70, no. 2, p. 182-195, https://doi.org/10.1654/4062.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"182","endPage":"195","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133606,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"70","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae3e4b07f02db689278","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Muzzall, Patrick M.","contributorId":61371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muzzall","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gillilland, Merritt G. III","contributorId":63774,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gillilland","given":"Merritt","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bowen, Charles A. II","contributorId":30940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowen","given":"Charles","suffix":"II","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Coady, Nathaniel R.","contributorId":73971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coady","given":"Nathaniel","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Peebles, C. Robert","contributorId":100337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peebles","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"Robert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":1000950,"text":"1000950 - 2003 - Classification of lentic habitat for sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) larvae using a remote seabed classification device","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-23T09:14:12","indexId":"1000950","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Classification of lentic habitat for sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) larvae using a remote seabed classification device","docAbstract":"Lentic populations of larval sea lampreys (Petromyzon marinus) are suspected of being a major source of recruitment to parasitic stocks in some areas of the Great Lakes, and methods are needed to estimate habitat and population sizes. A deepwater electroshocker has been used to quantitatively assess larval sea lamprey populations in deepwater areas, however a method has not been developed to efficiently identify the most promising locations to sample in this environment. A remote seabed classification device (RoxAnn™) was used to identify soft substrates in a lentic area where sea lamprey larvae have been found in Batchawana Bay (Ontario) in eastern Lake Superior, and related those substrate types to larval distribution and occurrence. Presence of larvae was significantly related to substrate type, distance from the stream mouth, and slope of the lake bottom. Remote seabed classification would be a useful tool in the Sea Lamprey Control Program to identify the most promising locations to conduct larval surveys in lentic areas.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0380-1330(03)70488-2","usgsCitation":"Fodale, M.F., Bronte, C.R., Bergstedt, R.A., Cuddy, D.W., and Adams, J.V., 2003, Classification of lentic habitat for sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) larvae using a remote seabed classification device: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 29, no. Supplement 1, p. 190-203, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0380-1330(03)70488-2.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"190","endPage":"203","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128879,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"Supplement 1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49ace4b07f02db5c68d8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fodale, Michael F.","contributorId":18309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fodale","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bronte, Charles R.","contributorId":83050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bronte","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bergstedt, Roger A. rbergstedt@usgs.gov","contributorId":4174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergstedt","given":"Roger","email":"rbergstedt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":309942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cuddy, Douglas W.","contributorId":77474,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cuddy","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Adams, Jean V. 0000-0002-9101-068X jvadams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9101-068X","contributorId":3140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Jean","email":"jvadams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":309941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":1000985,"text":"1000985 - 2003 - Reduction in sea lamprey hatching success due to release of sterilized males","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-20T23:27:23.761808","indexId":"1000985","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reduction in sea lamprey hatching success due to release of sterilized males","docAbstract":"Male sea lampreys (Petromyzon marinus), sterilized by injection with bisazir, were released in Lake Superior tributaries from 1991 to 1996 and exclusively in the St. Marys River (the outflow from Lake Superior to Lake Huron) since 1997 as an alternative to chemical control. To determine effectiveness in reducing reproductive potential through the time of hatch, males were observed on nests and egg viability was determined in nests in selected Lake Superior tributaries and the St. Marys River. The proportions of sterilized males observed on nests were not significantly different than their estimated proportion in the population for all streams and years combined or for the St. Marys River alone. It was concluded that sterilized males survive, appear on the spawning grounds, and nest at near their estimated proportion in the population. There was a significant reduction in egg viability corresponding with release of sterilized males for all streams and years combined or for the St. Marys River alone. In the St. Marys River from 1993 to 2000, the percent reduction in egg viability was significantly correlated with the observed proportion of sterile males on nests. It was further concluded that sterilized males remain sterile through nesting and attract and mate with females. Reduction in reproductive potential in the St. Marys River due to both removal of females by traps and sterile-male-release ranged from 34 to 92% from 1993 to 2001 and averaged 64%. From 1999 to 2001, when the program stabilized, reductions ranged from 71 to 92% and averaged 81%. The current release of sterile males in the St. Marys River effectively reduced reproductive potential through the time of hatch and did so near theoretical levels based on numbers released, estimates of population size, and the assumptions of full sterility and competitiveness.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0380-1330(03)70506-1","usgsCitation":"Bergstedt, R.A., McDonald, R., Twohey, M.B., Mullett, K.M., Young, R.J., and Heinrich, J.W., 2003, Reduction in sea lamprey hatching success due to release of sterilized males: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 29, p. 435-444, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0380-1330(03)70506-1.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"435","endPage":"444","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":388272,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a27e4b07f02db61018d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bergstedt, Roger A. rbergstedt@usgs.gov","contributorId":4174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergstedt","given":"Roger","email":"rbergstedt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":310074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McDonald, Rodney B.","contributorId":105678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDonald","given":"Rodney B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Twohey, Michael B.","contributorId":62541,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Twohey","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":6661,"text":"US Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":310076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mullett, Katherine M.","contributorId":70733,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mullett","given":"Katherine","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Young, Robert J.","contributorId":31356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Heinrich, John W.","contributorId":63754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heinrich","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70024866,"text":"70024866 - 2003 - Global Snow-Cover Evolution from Twenty Years of Satellite Passive Microwave Data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:08","indexId":"70024866","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Global Snow-Cover Evolution from Twenty Years of Satellite Passive Microwave Data","docAbstract":"Starting in 1979 with the SMMR (Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer) instrument onboard the satellite NIMBUS-7 and continuing since 1987 with the SSMI (Special Sensor Microwave Imager) instrument on board the DMSP (Defence Meteorological Satellite Program) series, more then twenty years of satellite passive microwave data are now available. This dataset has been processed to analyse the evolution of the global snow cover. This work is part of the AICSEX project from the 5th Framework Programme of the European Community. The spatio-temporal evolution of the satellite-derived yearly snow maximum extent and the timing of the spring snow melt were estimated and analysed over the Northern Hemisphere. Significant differences between the evolution of the yearly maximum snow extent in Eurasia and in North America were found. A positive correlation between the maximum yearly snow cover extent and the ENSO index was obtained. High interannual spatio-temporal variability characterises the timing of snow melt in the spring. Twenty-year trends in the timing of spring snow melt have been computed and compared with spring air temperature trends for the same period and the same area. In most parts of Eurasia and in the central and western parts of North America the tendency has been for earlier snow melt. In northeastern Canada, a large area of positive trends, where snow melt timing starts later than in the early 1980s, corresponds to a region of positive trends of spring air temperature observed over the same period.","largerWorkTitle":"International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS)","conferenceTitle":"2003 IGARSS: Learning From Earth's Shapes and Colours","conferenceDate":"21 July 2003 through 25 July 2003","conferenceLocation":"Toulouse","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Mognard, N.M., Kouraev, A., and Josberger, E., 2003, Global Snow-Cover Evolution from Twenty Years of Satellite Passive Microwave Data, in International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS), v. 4, Toulouse, 21 July 2003 through 25 July 2003, p. 2838-2840.","startPage":"2838","endPage":"2840","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233252,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2938e4b0c8380cd5a76e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mognard, N. M.","contributorId":27612,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mognard","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kouraev, A.V.","contributorId":96053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kouraev","given":"A.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Josberger, E.G.","contributorId":61161,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Josberger","given":"E.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1000902,"text":"1000902 - 2003 - Temporal variation of energy reserves in mayfly nymphs (Hexagenia spp.) from Lake St. Clair and western Erie","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-19T12:41:14","indexId":"1000902","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1696,"text":"Freshwater Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Temporal variation of energy reserves in mayfly nymphs (Hexagenia spp.) from Lake St. Clair and western Erie","docAbstract":"1. We analysed changes in energy reserves (lipid and glycogen) and length–weight relationships of burrowing mayflies (Hexagenia spp.) in 1997–99 to compare an established population in Lake St Clair with a recovering population in western Lake Erie of the Laurentian Great Lakes. In addition, we measured changes in water temperature and potential food in both water columns and sediments.
\n2. Although overall mean values of lipid and glycogen levels of Hexagenia nymphs from Lake St Clair and western Lake Erie were not significantly different, there were differences in seasonal patterns between the two lakes. In Lake St Clair, levels were highest in early spring, declined throughout the year, and reached their lowest levels in fall during all 3 years of study. In contrast, levels in western Lake Erie were lower in spring, increased to a maximum in summer, then declined in fall. Seasonal patterns in length–weight relationships were similar to those for lipid and glycogen.
\n3. Total lipid as a percentage of dry weight did not increase with developmental stage of nymphs until just prior to metamorphosis and emergence from water. However, the major reserve lipid, triacylglycerols, increased systematically with development stage. In the final stage of development, triacylglycerols declined, probably as a result of energy consumption and its conversion to other biochemical components for metamorphosis and reproduction.
\n4. Indicators of potential food (algal fluorescence in the water column and chlorophyll a and chlorophyll a/phaeophytin ratio in sediments) suggest that Hexagenia in Lake St Clair have a food source that is benthic based, especially in early spring, whereas in western Lake Erie nymphs have a food source that is water column based and settles to the lake bottom during late spring and summer.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1046/j.1365-2427.2003.01119.x","usgsCitation":"Cavaletto, J., Nalepa, T., Fanslow, D., and Schloesser, D.W., 2003, Temporal variation of energy reserves in mayfly nymphs (Hexagenia spp.) from Lake St. Clair and western Erie: Freshwater Biology, v. 48, no. 10, p. 1726-1738, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2427.2003.01119.x.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1726","endPage":"1738","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133627,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"48","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-09-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad7e4b07f02db6843da","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cavaletto, J.F.","contributorId":63358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cavaletto","given":"J.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nalepa, T.F.","contributorId":95438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nalepa","given":"T.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fanslow, D.L.","contributorId":67845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fanslow","given":"D.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schloesser, D. W.","contributorId":9598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schloesser","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":1000988,"text":"1000988 - 2003 - Recommendations for assessing sea lamprey damages: toward optimizing the control program in the Great Lakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:40","indexId":"1000988","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Recommendations for assessing sea lamprey damages: toward optimizing the control program in the Great Lakes","docAbstract":"The Great Lakes sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) control program currently allocates stream treatments to optimize the number of juvenile sea lampreys killed for a given level of control. Although the economic benefits derived from control appear to outweigh the dollars spent on control efforts, optimizing the number of sea lampreys killed will not necessarily optimize the economic benefits provided by the fish communities. These benefits include both non-consumptive and fishery values. We emphasize that the biological damages caused by each juvenile sea lamprey will vary, as will the economic value associated with each host that is killed. We consider issues related to assessing damages due to sea lampreys, taking into account effects on the fish community and fisheries, so as to improve the sea lamprey control program. We recommend a consolidation of information regarding the valuation of benefits, better understanding of variation in host-parasite interactions among the Great Lakes, and integration of the control program with other fisheries management objectives and activities. Adoption of these recommendations should promote lake trout rehabilitation in the Great Lakes, healthy fish communities and prudent use of limited fishery management resources.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"Out-of-print","usgsCitation":"Stewart, T.J., Bence, J., Bergstedt, R.A., Ebener, M.P., Lupi, F., and Rutter, M.A., 2003, Recommendations for assessing sea lamprey damages: toward optimizing the control program in the Great Lakes: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 29, p. 783-793.","productDescription":"p. 783-793","startPage":"783","endPage":"793","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133472,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db62a10a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stewart, Thomas J.","contributorId":107223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bence, James R.","contributorId":95026,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bence","given":"James R.","affiliations":[{"id":6601,"text":"Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":310092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bergstedt, Roger A. rbergstedt@usgs.gov","contributorId":4174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergstedt","given":"Roger","email":"rbergstedt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":310088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ebener, Mark P.","contributorId":25099,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ebener","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":12957,"text":"Chippewa Ottawa Resource Authority","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":310090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lupi, Frank","contributorId":87100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lupi","given":"Frank","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rutter, Michael A.","contributorId":13938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rutter","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70025418,"text":"70025418 - 2003 - On the expected relationships among apparent stress, static stress drop, effective shear fracture energy, and efficiency","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-26T16:31:44.295634","indexId":"70025418","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"On the expected relationships among apparent stress, static stress drop, effective shear fracture energy, and efficiency","docAbstract":"We consider expected relationships between apparent stress τa and static stress drop Δτs using a standard energy balance and find τa = Δτs (0.5 - ξ), where ξ is stress overshoot. A simple implementation of this balance is to assume overshoot is constant; then apparent stress should vary linearly with stress drop, consistent with spectral theories (Brune, 1970) and dynamic crack models (Madariaga, 1976). Normalizing this expression by the static stress drop defines an efficiency ηsw = τsa/Δτs as follows from Savage and Wood (1971). We use this measure of efficiency to analyze data from one of a number of observational studies that find apparent stress to increase with seismic moment, namely earthquakes recorded in the Cajon Pass borehole by Abercrombie (1995). Increases in apparent stress with event size could reflect an increase in seismic efficiency; however, ηsw for the Cajon earthquakes shows no such increase and is approximately constant over the entire moment range. Thus, apparent stress and stress drop co-vary, as expected from the energy balance at constant overshoot. The median value of ηsw for the Cajon earthquakes is four times lower than ηsw for laboratory events. Thus, these Cajon-recorded earthquakes have relatively low and approximately constant efficiency. As the energy balance requires ηsw = 0.5 - ξ, overshoot can be estimated directly from the Savage-Wood efficiency; overshoot is positive for Cajon Pass earthquakes. Variations in apparent stress with seismic moment for these earthquakes result primarily from systematic variations in static stress drop with seismic moment and do not require a relative decrease in sliding resistance with increasing event size (dynamic weakening). Based on the comparison of field and lab determinations of the Savage-Wood efficiency, we suggest the criterion ηsw > 0.3 as a test for dynamic weakening in excess of that seen in the lab.
The relationship between vegetation cover and soil seed banks was studied in five different ungulate herbivore-prairie dog treatment combinations at three northern mixed-grass prairie sites in Badlands National Park, South Dakota. There were distinct differences in both the seed bank composition and the aboveground vegetation between the off-prairie dog colony treatments and the on-colony treatments. The three on-colony treatments were similar to each other at all three sites with vegetation dominated by the forbs Dyssodia papposa, Hedeoma spp., Sphaeralcea coccinea, Conyza canadensis, and Plantago patagonica and seed banks dominated by the forbs Verbena bracteata and Dyssodia papposa. The two off-colony treatments were also similar to each other at all three sites. Vegetation at these sites was dominated by the grasses Pascopyrum smithii, Bromus tectorum and Bouteloua gracilis and the seed banks were dominated by several grasses including Bromus tectorum, Monroa squarrosa, Panicum capillare, Sporobolus cryptandra and Stipa viridula. A total of 146 seedlings representing 21 species germinated and emerged from off-colony treatments while 3069 seedlings comprising 33 species germinated from on-colony treatments. Fifteen of the forty species found in soil seed banks were not present in the vegetation, and 57 of the 82 species represented in the vegetation were not found in the seed banks. Few dominant species typical of mixed-grass prairie vegetation germinated and emerged from seed banks collected from prairie dog colony treatments suggesting that removal of prairie dogs will not result in the rapid reestablishment of representative mixed-grass prairie unless steps are taken to restore the soil seed bank.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1023/A:1023929627168","usgsCitation":"Fahnestock, J.T., Larson, D., Plumb, G.E., and Detling, J., 2003, Effects of ungulates and prairie dogs on seed banks and vegetation in a North American mixed-grass prairie: Plant Ecology, v. 167, no. 2, p. 255-268, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1023929627168.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"255","endPage":"268","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478388,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usgsnpwrc/79","text":"External Repository"},{"id":235671,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Badlands National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -103.02978515625,\n 43.45291889355465\n ],\n [\n -101.5521240234375,\n 43.45291889355465\n ],\n [\n -101.5521240234375,\n 44.071800467511565\n ],\n [\n -103.02978515625,\n 44.071800467511565\n ],\n [\n -103.02978515625,\n 43.45291889355465\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"167","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a081be4b0c8380cd5199e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fahnestock, J. T.","contributorId":54545,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fahnestock","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Larson, D.L. 0000-0001-5202-0634","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5202-0634","contributorId":69501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"D.L.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":405390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Plumb, G. E.","contributorId":107226,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Plumb","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Detling, J.K.","contributorId":31703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Detling","given":"J.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70025422,"text":"70025422 - 2003 - Selenium in San Francisco Bay zooplankton: Potential effects of hydrodynamics and food web interactions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-16T10:27:44","indexId":"70025422","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1583,"text":"Estuaries","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Selenium in San Francisco Bay zooplankton: Potential effects of hydrodynamics and food web interactions","docAbstract":"The potential toxicity of elevated selenium (Se) concentrations in aquatic ecosystems has stimulated efforts to measure Se concentrations in benthos, nekton, and waterfowl in San Francisco Bay (SF Bay). In September 1998, we initiated a 14 mo field study to determine the concentration of Se in SF Bay zooplankton, which play a major role in the Bay food web, but which have not previously been studied with respect to Se. Monthly vertical plankton tows were collected at several stations throughout SF Bay, and zooplankton were separated into two operationally defined size classes for Se analyses: 73-2,000 ??m, and ???2,000 ??m. Selenium values ranged 1.02-6.07 ??g Se g-1 dry weight. No spatial differences in zooplankton Se concentrations were found. However, there were inter- and intra-annual differences. Zooplankton Se concentrations were enriched in the North Bay in Fall 1999 when compared to other seasons and locations within and outside SF Bay. The abundance and biovolume of the zooplankton community varied spatially between stations, but not seasonally within each station. Smaller herbivorous-omnivorous zooplankton had higher Se concentrations than larger omnivorous-carnivorous zooplankton. Selenium concentrations in zooplankton were negatively correlated with the proportion of total copepod biovolume comprising the large carnivorous copepod Tortanus dextrilobatus, but positively correlated with the proportion of copepod biovolume comprising smaller copepods of the family Oithonidae, suggesting an important role of trophic level and size in regulating zooplankton Se concentrations.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF02803354","issn":"01608347","usgsCitation":"Purkerson, D., Doblin, M., Bollens, S., Luoma, S., and Cutter, G., 2003, Selenium in San Francisco Bay zooplankton: Potential effects of hydrodynamics and food web interactions: Estuaries, v. 26, no. 4, p. 956-969, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02803354.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"956","endPage":"969","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235857,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8cf3e4b08c986b3181d4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Purkerson, D.G.","contributorId":52768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Purkerson","given":"D.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Doblin, M.A.","contributorId":19345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doblin","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bollens, S.M.","contributorId":30419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bollens","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Luoma, S. N.","contributorId":86353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"S. N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cutter, G.A.","contributorId":29166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cutter","given":"G.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70025413,"text":"70025413 - 2003 - Anisotropic changes in P-wave velocity and attenuation during deformation and fluid infiltration of granite","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-26T16:34:10.88488","indexId":"70025413","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Anisotropic changes in P-wave velocity and attenuation during deformation and fluid infiltration of granite","docAbstract":"Fluid infiltration and pore fluid pressure changes are known to have a significant effect on the occurrence of earthquakes. Yet, for most damaging earthquakes, with nucleation zones below a few kilometers depth, direct measurements of fluid pressure variations are not available. Instead, pore fluid pressures are inferred primarily from seismic-wave propagation characteristics such as Vp/Vs ratio, attenuation, and reflectivity contacts. We present laboratory measurements of changes in P-wave velocity and attenuation during the injection of water into a granite sample as it was loaded to failure. A cylindrical sample of Westerly granite was deformed at constant confining and pore pressures of 50 and 1 MPa, respectively. Axial load was increased in discrete steps by controlling axial displacement. Anisotropic P-wave velocity and attenuation fields were determined during the experiment using an array of 13 piezoelectric transducers. At the final loading steps (86% and 95% of peak stress), both spatial and temporal changes in P-wave velocity and peak-to-peak amplitudes of P and S waves were observed. P-wave velocity anisotropy reached a maximum of 26%. Transient increases in attenuation of up to 483 dB/m were also observed and were associated with diffusion of water into the sample. We show that velocity and attenuation of P waves are sensitive to the process of opening of microcracks and the subsequent resaturation of these cracks as water diffuses in from the surrounding region. Symmetry of the orientation of newly formed microcracks results in anisotropic velocity and attenuation fields that systematically evolve in response to changes in stress and influx of water. With proper scaling, these measurements provide constraints on the magnitude and duration of velocity and attenuation transients that can be expected to accompany the nucleation of earthquakes in the Earth's crust.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120020101","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Stanchits, S.A., Lockner, D., and Ponomarev, A., 2003, Anisotropic changes in P-wave velocity and attenuation during deformation and fluid infiltration of granite: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 93, no. 4, p. 1803-1822, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120020101.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"1803","endPage":"1822","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":387423,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"93","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ebffe4b0c8380cd49010","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stanchits, S. A.","contributorId":102235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanchits","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lockner, D.A. 0000-0001-8630-6833","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8630-6833","contributorId":85603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lockner","given":"D.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ponomarev, A.V.","contributorId":45465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ponomarev","given":"A.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70025410,"text":"70025410 - 2003 - Habitat selection of the channel darter, Percina (Cottogaster) copelandi, a surrogate for the imperiled pearl darter, Percina aurora","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-13T16:26:30","indexId":"70025410","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2299,"text":"Journal of Freshwater Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Habitat selection of the channel darter, Percina (Cottogaster) copelandi, a surrogate for the imperiled pearl darter, Percina aurora","title":"Habitat selection of the channel darter, Percina (Cottogaster) copelandi, a surrogate for the imperiled pearl darter, Percina aurora","docAbstract":"Percina (Cottogaster) aurora is an imperiled species under consideration for listing by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. To better understand habitat use of P. aurora, we studied a related and more abundant Cottogasterspecies, Percina copelandi, from the Ouachita River, Arkansas. We used a laboratory stream system to examine mesohabitat selection (pools versus riffles) and microhabitat selection (substratum particle size) of P. copelandi over three temperature regimes (summer, spring, and winter). Percina copelandi selected pool habitats over riffles and selected pools with coarse substrata (e.g., cobble) over fine substrata (e.g., gravel). In riffles, P. copelandi selected large substrata during winter and spring but did not show particle size selection during summer. These data, and various published and unpublished field data for P. aurora, suggest that habitat use of P. aurora is also centered around deep runs and pools, with large substrata likely being more important at low water temperatures.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor and Francis","doi":"10.1080/02705060.2003.9664491","issn":"02705060","usgsCitation":"Schofield, P., and Ross, S.T., 2003, Habitat selection of the channel darter, Percina (Cottogaster) copelandi, a surrogate for the imperiled pearl darter, Percina aurora: Journal of Freshwater Ecology, v. 18, no. 2, p. 249-257, https://doi.org/10.1080/02705060.2003.9664491.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"249","endPage":"257","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235665,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2f27e4b0c8380cd5cb2f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schofield, Pamela J. 0000-0002-8752-2797 pschofield@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8752-2797","contributorId":138883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schofield","given":"Pamela J.","email":"pschofield@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":405066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ross, Stephen T.","contributorId":64111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ross","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":12981,"text":"Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern Mississippi","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":405065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70025412,"text":"70025412 - 2003 - Determining long time-scale hyporheic zone flow paths in Antarctic streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-19T10:02:30","indexId":"70025412","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determining long time-scale hyporheic zone flow paths in Antarctic streams","docAbstract":"In the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica, glaciers are the source of meltwater during the austral summer, and the streams and adjacent hyporheic zones constitute the entire physical watershed; there are no hillslope processes in these systems. Hyporheic zones can extend several metres from each side of the stream, and are up to 70 cm deep, corresponding to a lateral cross‐section as large as 12 m2, and water resides in the subsurface year around. In this study, we differentiate between the near‐stream hyporheic zone, which can be characterized with stream tracer experiments, and the extended hyporheic zone, which has a longer time‐scale of exchange. We sampled stream water from Green Creek and from the adjacent saturated alluvium for stable isotopes of D and 18O to assess the significance and extent of stream‐water exchange between the streams and extended hyporheic zones over long time‐scales (days to weeks). Our results show that water residing in the extended hyporheic zone is much more isotopically enriched (up to 11‰ D and 2·2‰ 18O) than stream water. This result suggests a long residence time within the extended hyporheic zone, during which fractionation has occurred owing to summer evaporation and winter sublimation of hyporheic water. We found less enriched water in the extended hyporheic zone later in the flow season, suggesting that stream water may be exchanged into and out of this zone, on the time‐scale of weeks to months. The transient storage model OTIS was used to characterize the exchange of stream water with the extended hyporheic zone. Model results yield exchange rates (α) generally an order magnitude lower (10−5 s−1) than those determined using stream‐tracer techniques on the same stream. In light of previous studies in these streams, these results suggest that the hyporheic zones in Antarctic streams have near‐stream zones of rapid stream‐water exchange, where ‘fast’ biogeochemical reactions may influence water chemistry, and extended hyporheic zones, in which slower biogeochemical reaction rates may affect stream‐water chemistry at longer time‐scales.