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","language":"English","publisher":"Bonneville Power Administration","publisherLocation":"Portland, OR","usgsCitation":"Perry, R., Fielding, S., Cochran, A., Schei, J., Sprando, J., George, G., Adams, N., and Rondorf, D., 2003, Turbine survival and migration behavior of subyearling Chinook salmon at McNary Dam, 2003, 53 p. .","productDescription":"53 p. ","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":333473,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon, Washington","otherGeospatial":"McNary Dam ","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.27650451660155,\n 45.953536660296486\n ],\n [\n -119.37057495117189,\n 45.93682568615142\n ],\n [\n -119.37057495117189,\n 45.91151090691675\n ],\n [\n -119.23187255859375,\n 45.922020330786836\n ],\n [\n -119.16114807128906,\n 45.91151090691675\n ],\n [\n -119.14535522460938,\n 45.94398814904658\n ],\n [\n -119.27650451660155,\n 45.953536660296486\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5881dedde4b01192927d9f9f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Perry, R.W.","contributorId":43947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fielding, S.D.","contributorId":16956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fielding","given":"S.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cochran, A.D.","contributorId":178474,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cochran","given":"A.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schei, J.L.","contributorId":178420,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schei","given":"J.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sprando, J.M.","contributorId":81606,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sprando","given":"J.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"George, G.T.","contributorId":178475,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"George","given":"G.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Adams, N.S.","contributorId":178351,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Adams","given":"N.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Rondorf, D.W.","contributorId":80789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rondorf","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":659085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70179882,"text":"70179882 - 2003 - Using 3D acoustic telemetry to assess the response of resident salmonids to strobe lights in Lake Roosevelt, Washington: Chief Joseph Kokanee Enhancement Feasibility Study, 2001-2002 annual report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-19T14:02:50","indexId":"70179882","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Using 3D acoustic telemetry to assess the response of resident salmonids to strobe lights in Lake Roosevelt, Washington: Chief Joseph Kokanee Enhancement Feasibility Study, 2001-2002 annual report","docAbstract":"In 1995, the Chief Joseph Kokanee Enhancement Project was established to mitigate the loss of anadromous fish due to the construction of Chief Joseph and Grand Coulee dams. The objectives of the Chief Joseph Enhancement Project are to determine the status of resident kokanee (Oncorhynchus nerka) populations above Chief Joseph and Grand Coulee dams and to enhance kokanee and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) populations. Studies conducted at Grand Coulee Dam documented substantial entrainment of kokanee through turbines at the third powerhouse.
","language":"English","publisher":"Bonneville Power Administration","usgsCitation":"Perry, R., Farley, M., Hansen, G., Shurtleff, D., Rondorf, D., and LeCaire, R., 2003, Using 3D acoustic telemetry to assess the response of resident salmonids to strobe lights in Lake Roosevelt, Washington: Chief Joseph Kokanee Enhancement Feasibility Study, 2001-2002 annual report, xi., 64 p. .","productDescription":"xi., 64 p. ","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":333472,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Franklin D. Roosevelt Lake ","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.11813354492186,\n 48.69730575091258\n ],\n [\n -118.24310302734374,\n 48.446511173983296\n ],\n [\n -118.20602416992188,\n 48.30420725000317\n ],\n [\n -118.19091796875,\n 48.25394114463431\n ],\n [\n -118.09066772460936,\n 48.27679550566659\n ],\n [\n -118.12774658203125,\n 48.46199462233164\n ],\n [\n -118.08792114257811,\n 48.55116009425219\n ],\n [\n -117.99591064453124,\n 48.70727541512677\n ],\n [\n -118.10165405273438,\n 48.70818165031451\n ],\n [\n -118.11813354492186,\n 48.69730575091258\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5881dedee4b01192927d9fa1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Perry, R.W.","contributorId":43947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Farley, M.J.","contributorId":178350,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Farley","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hansen, G.S.","contributorId":41556,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"G.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shurtleff, D.J.","contributorId":93597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shurtleff","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rondorf, D.W.","contributorId":80789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rondorf","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":659076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"LeCaire, R.","contributorId":178473,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"LeCaire","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70025401,"text":"70025401 - 2003 - Snorkeling as an alternative to depletion electrofishing for assessing cutthroat trout and brown trout in stream pools","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-16T22:57:54.27484","indexId":"70025401","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2299,"text":"Journal of Freshwater Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Snorkeling as an alternative to depletion electrofishing for assessing cutthroat trout and brown trout in stream pools","docAbstract":"We compared abundance and length structure estimates of cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki) and brown trout (Salmo trutta) of 15 cm total length or greater obtained by snorkeling in stream pools with estimates obtained by depletion electrofishing. We sampled 12 pools in each of two streams formed by large springs in the Salt River Valley of western Wyoming. Snorkeling counts provided a relatively accurate index of depletion electrofishing estimates of abundance of cutthroat trout, but not brown trout. Linear regression analysis showed that snorkeling counts were significantly related to depletion electrofishing estimates for both cutthroat trout (P < 0.001) and brown trout (P = 0.002), but the coefficient of determination for brown trout (r2 = 0.33) was low compared to cutthroat trout (r2 = 0.95). Frequencies of fish in three length classes observed by snorkeling and depletion electrofishing were close to being significantly different for cutthroat trout (P = 0.066) and substantially different for brown trout (P= 0.005). Snorkeling frequently failed to observe fish in the shortest length class (15–29 cm total length) of both cutthroat trout and brown trout.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/02705060.2003.9664487","issn":"02705060","usgsCitation":"Joyce, M.P., and Hubert, W., 2003, Snorkeling as an alternative to depletion electrofishing for assessing cutthroat trout and brown trout in stream pools: Journal of Freshwater Ecology, v. 18, no. 2, p. 215-222, https://doi.org/10.1080/02705060.2003.9664487.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"215","endPage":"222","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478505,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02705060.2003.9664487","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":387961,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b91b0e4b08c986b319a2d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Joyce, M. P.","contributorId":34292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Joyce","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hubert, W.A.","contributorId":12822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubert","given":"W.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70026000,"text":"70026000 - 2003 - High-resolution climatic evolution of coastal northern California during the past 16,000 years","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-10T18:09:30.990282","indexId":"70026000","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3002,"text":"Paleoceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"High-resolution climatic evolution of coastal northern California during the past 16,000 years","docAbstract":"Holocene and latest Pleistocene oceanographic conditions and the coastal climate of northern California have varied greatly, based upon high-resolution studies (ca. every 100 years) of diatoms, alkenones, pollen, CaCO3%, and total organic carbon at Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 1019 (41.682°N, 124.930°W, 980 m water depth). Marine climate proxies (alkenone sea surface temperatures [SSTs] and CaCO3%) behaved remarkably like the Greenland Ice Sheet Project (GISP)-2 oxygen isotope record during the Bølling-Allerod, Younger Dryas (YD), and early part of the Holocene. During the YD, alkenone SSTs decreased by >3°C below mean Bølling-Allerod and Holocene SSTs. The early Holocene (ca. 11.6 to 8.2 ka) was a time of generally warm conditions and moderate CaCO3 content (generally >4%). The middle part of the Holocene (ca. 8.2 to 3.2 ka) was marked by alkenone SSTs that were consistently 1–2°C cooler than either the earlier or later parts of the Holocene, by greatly reduced numbers of the gyre-diatom Pseudoeunotia doliolus (<10%), and by a permanent drop in CaCO3% to <3%. Starting at ca. 5.2 ka, coastal redwood and alder began a steady rise, arguing for increasing effective moisture and the development of the north coast temperate rain forest. At ca. 3.2 ka, a permanent ca. 1°C increase in alkenone SST and a threefold increase in P. doliolus signaled a warming of fall and winter SSTs. Intensified (higher amplitude and more frequent) cycles of pine pollen alternating with increased alder and redwood pollen are evidence that rapid changes in effective moisture and seasonal temperature (enhanced El Niño–Southern Oscillation [ENSO] cycles) have characterized the Site 1019 record since about 3.5 ka.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2002PA000768","issn":"08838305","usgsCitation":"Barron, J., Heusser, L., Herbert, T., and Lyle, M., 2003, High-resolution climatic evolution of coastal northern California during the past 16,000 years: Paleoceanography, v. 18, no. 1, p. 20-1-20-19, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002PA000768.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"20-1","endPage":"20-19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":486939,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2002pa000768","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":234547,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Pacific Ocean","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -127.73260080828507,\n 42.07058078746425\n ],\n [\n -127.73260080828507,\n 40.205709758373615\n ],\n [\n -123.29608776430297,\n 40.205709758373615\n ],\n [\n -123.29608776430297,\n 42.07058078746425\n ],\n [\n -127.73260080828507,\n 42.07058078746425\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"18","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-03-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a30ffe4b0c8380cd5db4f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barron, J.A. 0000-0002-9309-1145","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9309-1145","contributorId":95461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barron","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Heusser, L.","contributorId":106888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heusser","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Herbert, T.","contributorId":56839,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herbert","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lyle, M.","contributorId":40344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyle","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70179921,"text":"70179921 - 2003 - Passage behavior of radio-tagged subyearling Chinook salmon at Bonneville Dam, 2002: Revised for corrected spill annual report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-20T11:18:51","indexId":"70179921","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"title":"Passage behavior of radio-tagged subyearling Chinook salmon at Bonneville Dam, 2002: Revised for corrected spill annual report","docAbstract":"Abstract not available
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Evans, S., Wright, L., Wardell, R., Adams, N., and Rondorf, D., 2003, Passage behavior of radio-tagged subyearling Chinook salmon at Bonneville Dam, 2002: Revised for corrected spill annual report, 44 p. .","productDescription":"44 p. ","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":333561,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon, Washington","otherGeospatial":"Bonneville dam ","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.93553924560548,\n 45.65196831328892\n ],\n [\n -121.94686889648438,\n 45.65220830053406\n ],\n [\n -121.95854187011717,\n 45.64812837751117\n ],\n [\n -121.9647216796875,\n 45.64044771618124\n ],\n [\n -121.9698715209961,\n 45.63420640346962\n ],\n [\n -121.96712493896486,\n 45.627004024977886\n ],\n [\n -121.94652557373045,\n 45.634446466813046\n ],\n [\n -121.92798614501953,\n 45.639727600192906\n ],\n [\n -121.91253662109376,\n 45.64644832282618\n ],\n [\n -121.90704345703124,\n 45.65028837377915\n ],\n [\n -121.91150665283203,\n 45.656767862805964\n ],\n [\n -121.92558288574217,\n 45.65244828675087\n ],\n [\n -121.93553924560548,\n 45.65196831328892\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58833025e4b0d002316377b2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Evans, S.D.","contributorId":69282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"S.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wright, L.S","contributorId":178349,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wright","given":"L.S","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wardell, R.E.","contributorId":178491,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wardell","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Adams, N.S.","contributorId":178351,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Adams","given":"N.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rondorf, D.W.","contributorId":80789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rondorf","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":659217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70179918,"text":"70179918 - 2003 - Post-release attributes and survival of hatchery and natural fall Chinook salmon in the Snake River. Annual report 2000-2001","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-20T11:04:40","indexId":"70179918","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Post-release attributes and survival of hatchery and natural fall Chinook salmon in the Snake River. Annual report 2000-2001","docAbstract":"Abstract not available
","language":"English","publisher":"Bonneville Power Administration","publisherLocation":"Portland, OR","usgsCitation":"Tiffan, K., Rondorf, D., and Connor, W., 2003, Post-release attributes and survival of hatchery and natural fall Chinook salmon in the Snake River. Annual report 2000-2001.","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":333555,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58833025e4b0d002316377b6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tiffan, K.F.","contributorId":19327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tiffan","given":"K.F.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":659201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rondorf, D.W.","contributorId":80789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rondorf","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":659202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Connor, W.P.","contributorId":98090,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Connor","given":"W.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70189416,"text":"70189416 - 2003 - Seagrasses of the Pacific Coast of North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-12T14:04:41","indexId":"70189416","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Seagrasses of the Pacific Coast of North America","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
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Many of these “western” species choose roost sites in crevices or cavities. Herein we provide an introduction to the biology of bats that roost in cavities and crevices and assess the challenges and opportunities associated with monitoring their populations. We reviewed recent studies and examined the U.S. Geological Survey Bat Population Database (BPD) for records of western bats using crevice and cavity roosts. We found records of 25 species of western bats that use crevice or cavity roosts for at least part of their annual cycle. There were relatively few (n = 92) observations or counts for these species in the BPD, representing only 6% of the observations in the database. This paucity of records likely reflects the difficulty of observing bats in such situations rather than actual use. We found no long-term data adequate for population trend analysis among this group of bats. Since the development of miniaturized radio transmitters, our knowledge about bats that roost in cavities and crevices has increased. Future challenges associated with monitoring these species will include understanding variability in the types of roosts used as well as the roost-switching behavior exhibited by many species.
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","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Journals","doi":"10.1093/ilar.44.4.252","usgsCitation":"Mulcahy, D.M., 2003, Does the Animal Welfare Act apply to free-ranging animals?: ILAR Journal, v. 44, no. 4, p. 252-258, https://doi.org/10.1093/ilar.44.4.252.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"252","endPage":"258","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488546,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ilar.44.4.252","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":332946,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58773eb9e4b0315b4c11ff13","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mulcahy, Daniel M. dmulcahy@usgs.gov","contributorId":3102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mulcahy","given":"Daniel","email":"dmulcahy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":657918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70179887,"text":"70179887 - 2003 - Behavior and survival of radio-tagged juvenile Chinook salmon and steelhead relative to the performance of a removable spillway weir at Lower Granite Dam, Washington, 2003","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-19T14:42:19","indexId":"70179887","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"title":"Behavior and survival of radio-tagged juvenile Chinook salmon and steelhead relative to the performance of a removable spillway weir at Lower Granite Dam, Washington, 2003","docAbstract":"Abstract not available
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Plumb, J., Braatz, A., Lucchesi, J., Fielding, S., Cochran, A., Nation, T., Sprando, J., Schei, J., Perry, R., Adams, N., and Rondorf, D., 2003, Behavior and survival of radio-tagged juvenile Chinook salmon and steelhead relative to the performance of a removable spillway weir at Lower Granite Dam, Washington, 2003, 116 p. .","productDescription":"116 p. ","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":333480,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Lower Granite Dam ","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.4376678466797,\n 46.68760243670695\n ],\n [\n -117.2632598876953,\n 46.58010260780624\n ],\n [\n -117.23785400390625,\n 46.52910709981271\n ],\n [\n -117.25776672363281,\n 46.523437974151776\n ],\n [\n -117.33329772949219,\n 46.56735822330717\n ],\n [\n -117.39372253417969,\n 46.60275189664713\n ],\n [\n -117.42324829101562,\n 46.640951109437744\n ],\n [\n -117.46307373046874,\n 46.670642975602775\n ],\n [\n -117.4376678466797,\n 46.68760243670695\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5881dedde4b01192927d9f9b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Plumb, J.M.","contributorId":37870,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plumb","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Braatz, A.C.","contributorId":65962,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Braatz","given":"A.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lucchesi, J.N.","contributorId":178478,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lucchesi","given":"J.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fielding, S.D.","contributorId":16956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fielding","given":"S.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cochran, A.D.","contributorId":178474,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cochran","given":"A.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Nation, T.K.","contributorId":178479,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nation","given":"T.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Sprando, J.M.","contributorId":81606,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sprando","given":"J.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Schei, J.L.","contributorId":178420,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schei","given":"J.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Perry, R.W.","contributorId":43947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Adams, N.S.","contributorId":178351,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Adams","given":"N.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Rondorf, D.W.","contributorId":80789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rondorf","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":659111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70025375,"text":"70025375 - 2003 - Downstream movement of mature eels in a hydroelectric reservoir in New Zealand","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:29","indexId":"70025375","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":718,"text":"American Fisheries Society Symposium","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Downstream movement of mature eels in a hydroelectric reservoir in New Zealand","docAbstract":"This study investigates the behavior of migrant eels as they approached the Patea hydroelectric dam on the West Coast of the North Island, New Zealand. Seventeen mature migrant eels (870-1,240 mm; 2,000-6,380 g) were implanted with coded acoustic transmitters and released. Their movements in the reservoir were monitored for 14 months with stationary data logging and manual tracking receivers. The downstream migration of sexually maturing eels was found to occur mainly at night, usually during, or immediately after, rainfall events. Eels tended to travel at the surface, within the upper 4 m of the water column, at speeds ranging from 16 to 89 cm/s. Upon reaching the headrace, eels typically spent time searching, presumably for an unobstructed downstream route. In order to aid downstream passage of eels at the Patea Dam, power station operators began spillway opening trials during peak migration periods. Although this allowed some migrant eels to safely pass over the dam, information on the relative effectiveness and cost of this method over other possible mitigation methods is still required. ?? Copyright by the American Fisheries Society 2003.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Fisheries Society Symposium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"08922284","usgsCitation":"Watene, E., Boubee, J., and Haro, A., 2003, Downstream movement of mature eels in a hydroelectric reservoir in New Zealand: American Fisheries Society Symposium, v. 2003, no. 33, p. 295-305.","startPage":"295","endPage":"305","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235781,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2003","issue":"33","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a03b8e4b0c8380cd5061e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Watene, E.M.","contributorId":84961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watene","given":"E.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boubee, J.A.T.","contributorId":9438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boubee","given":"J.A.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haro, A.","contributorId":6792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haro","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70025241,"text":"70025241 - 2003 - Late Holocene estuarine-inner shelf interactions; is there evidence of an estuarine retreat path for Tampa Bay, Florida?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-16T10:51:45","indexId":"70025241","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late Holocene estuarine-inner shelf interactions; is there evidence of an estuarine retreat path for Tampa Bay, Florida?","docAbstract":"The purpose of this study was to determine if and how a large, modern estuarine system, situated in the middle of an ancient carbonate platform, has affected its adjacent inner shelf both in the past during the last, post-glacial sea-level rise and during the present. An additional purpose was to determine if and how this inner shelf seaward of a major estuary differed from the inner shelves located just to the north and south but seaward of barrier-island shorelines. Through side-scan sonar mosaicking, bathymetric studies, and ground-truthing using surface grab samples as well as diver observations, two large submarine sand plains were mapped - one being the modern ebb-tidal delta and the other interpreted to be a relict ebb-tidal delta formed earlier in the Holocene. The most seaward portion of the inner shelf studied consists of a field of lobate, bathymetrically elevated, fine-sand accumulations, which were interpreted to be sediment-starved 3D dunes surrounded by small 2D dunes composed of coarse molluscan shell gravel. Additionally, exposed limestone hardbottoms supporting living benthic communities were found as well. This modern shelf sedimentary environment is situated on a large, buried shelf valley, which extends eastward beneath the modern Tampa Bay estuary. These observations plus the absence of an incised shelf valley having surficial bathymetric expression, and the absence of sand bodies normally associated with back-tracking estuarine systems indicate that there was no cross-shelf estuarine retreat path formed during the last rise in sea level. Instead, the modern Tampa Bay formed within a mid-platform, low-relief depression, which was flooded by rising marine waters late in the Holocene. With continued sea-level rise in the late Holocene, this early embayment was translated eastward or landward to its present position, whereby a larger ebb-tidal delta prograded out onto the inner shelf. Extensive linear sand ridges, common to the inner shelves to the north and south, did not form in this shelf province because it was a low-energy, open embayment lacking the wave climate and nearshore zone necessary to create such sand bodies. The distribution of bedforms on the inner shelf and the absence of seaward-oriented 2D dunes on the modern ebb-tidal delta indicate that the modern estuarine system has had little effect on its adjacent inner shelf. ?? 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0025-3227(03)00184-1","issn":"00253227","usgsCitation":"Donahue, B., Hine, A.C., Tebbens, S., Locker, S., and Twichell, D., 2003, Late Holocene estuarine-inner shelf interactions; is there evidence of an estuarine retreat path for Tampa Bay, Florida?: Marine Geology, v. 200, no. 1-4, p. 219-241, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-3227(03)00184-1.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"219","endPage":"241","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236031,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209501,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0025-3227(03)00184-1"}],"volume":"200","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a44e5e4b0c8380cd66e9c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Donahue, B.T.","contributorId":12529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Donahue","given":"B.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hine, A. C.","contributorId":21197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hine","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tebbens, S.","contributorId":57641,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tebbens","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Locker, S. D.","contributorId":81532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Locker","given":"S. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Twichell, D.C.","contributorId":84304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Twichell","given":"D.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70025242,"text":"70025242 - 2003 - Effect of different sampling schemes on the spatial placement of conservation reserves in Utah, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:58","indexId":"70025242","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of different sampling schemes on the spatial placement of conservation reserves in Utah, USA","docAbstract":"We evaluated the effect of three different sampling schemes used to organize spatially explicit biological information had on the spatial placement of conservation reserves in Utah, USA. The three sampling schemes consisted of a hexagon representation developed by the EPA/EMAP program (statistical basis), watershed boundaries (ecological), and the current county boundaries of Utah (socio-political). Four decision criteria were used to estimate effects, including amount of area, length of edge, lowest number of contiguous reserves, and greatest number of terrestrial vertebrate species covered. A fifth evaluation criterion was the effect each sampling scheme had on the ability of the modeled conservation reserves to cover the six major ecoregions found in Utah. Of the three sampling schemes, county boundaries covered the greatest number of species, but also created the longest length of edge and greatest number of reserves. Watersheds maximized species coverage using the least amount of area. Hexagons and watersheds provide the least amount of edge and fewest number of reserves. Although there were differences in area, edge and number of reserves among the sampling schemes, all three schemes covered all the major ecoregions in Utah and their inclusive biodiversity. ?? 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biological Conservation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0006-3207(02)00358-0","issn":"00063207","usgsCitation":"Bassett, S., and Edwards, T., 2003, Effect of different sampling schemes on the spatial placement of conservation reserves in Utah, USA: Biological Conservation, v. 113, no. 1, p. 141-151, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3207(02)00358-0.","startPage":"141","endPage":"151","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209502,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3207(02)00358-0"},{"id":236032,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"113","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a05d4e4b0c8380cd50fa3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bassett, S.D.","contributorId":58446,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bassett","given":"S.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Edwards, T.C. Jr. 0000-0002-0773-0909","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0773-0909","contributorId":76486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"T.C.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70025243,"text":"70025243 - 2003 - Predicting changes in hydrologic retention in an evolving semi-arid alluvial stream","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-19T07:24:33","indexId":"70025243","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":664,"text":"Advances in Water Resources","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predicting changes in hydrologic retention in an evolving semi-arid alluvial stream","docAbstract":"Hydrologic retention of solutes in hyporheic zones or other slowly moving waters of natural channels is thought to be a significant control on biogeochemical cycling and ecology of streams. To learn more about factors affecting hydrologic retention, we repeated stream-tracer injections for 5 years in a semi-arid alluvial stream (Pinal Creek, Ariz.) during a period when streamflow was decreasing, channel width increasing, and coverage of aquatic macrophytes expanding. Average stream velocity at Pinal Creek decreased from 0.8 to 0.2 m/s, average stream depth decreased from 0.09 to 0.04 m, and average channel width expanded from 3 to 13 m. Modeling of tracer experiments indicated that the hydrologic retention factor (Rh), a measure of the average time that solute spends in storage per unit length of downstream transport, increased from 0.02 to 8 s/m. At the same time the ratio of cross-sectional area of storage zones to main channel cross-sectional area (As/A) increased from 0.2 to 0.8 m2/m2, and average water residence time in storage zones (ts) increased from 5 to 24 min. Compared with published data from four other streams in the US, Pinal Creek experienced the greatest change in hydrologic retention for a given change in streamflow. The other streams differed from Pinal Creek in that they experienced a change in streamflow between tracer experiments without substantial geomorphic or vegetative adjustments. As a result, a regression of hydrologic retention on streamflow developed for the other streams underpredicted the measured increases in hydrologic retention at Pinal Creek. The increase in hydrologic retention at Pinal Creek was more accurately predicted when measurements of the Darcy–Weisbach friction factor were used (either alone or in addition to streamflow) as a predictor variable. We conclude that relatively simple measurements of channel friction are useful for predicting the response of hydrologic retention in streams to major adjustments in channel morphology as well as changes in streamflow.
Abstract not available
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"In Close, D.A. (ed.)","language":"English","publisher":"Bonneville Power Administration","usgsCitation":"Robinson, T., Bayer, J., and Seelye, J., 2003, Olfactory sensitivity of Pacific lampreys to petromyzonol sulfate.","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":333535,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58833025e4b0d002316377ba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robinson, T.C.","contributorId":178452,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Robinson","given":"T.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bayer, J.M.","contributorId":47945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bayer","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Seelye, J.G.","contributorId":32861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seelye","given":"J.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70025246,"text":"70025246 - 2003 - Comparisons of two moments‐based estimators that utilize historical and paleoflood data for the log Pearson type III distribution","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T12:36:49","indexId":"70025246","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparisons of two moments‐based estimators that utilize historical and paleoflood data for the log Pearson type III distribution","docAbstract":"The expected moments algorithm (EMA) [Cohn et al., 1997] and the Bulletin 17B [Interagency Committee on Water Data, 1982] historical weighting procedure (B17H) for the log Pearson type III distribution are compared by Monte Carlo computer simulation for cases in which historical and/or paleoflood data are available. The relative performance of the estimators was explored for three cases: fixed‐threshold exceedances, a fixed number of large floods, and floods generated from a different parent distribution. EMA can effectively incorporate four types of historical and paleoflood data: floods where the discharge is explicitly known, unknown discharges below a single threshold, floods with unknown discharge that exceed some level, and floods with discharges described in a range. The B17H estimator can utilize only the first two types of historical information. Including historical/paleoflood data in the simulation experiments significantly improved the quantile estimates in terms of mean square error and bias relative to using gage data alone. EMA performed significantly better than B17H in nearly all cases considered. B17H performed as well as EMA for estimating X100 in some limited fixed‐threshold exceedance cases. EMA performed comparatively much better in other fixed‐threshold situations, for the single large flood case, and in cases when estimating extreme floods equal to or greater than X500. B17H did not fully utilize historical information when the historical period exceeded 200 years. Robustness studies using GEV‐simulated data confirmed that EMA performed better than B17H. Overall, EMA is preferred to B17H when historical and paleoflood data are available for flood frequency analysis.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2002WR001791","usgsCitation":"England, J., Salas, J.D., and Jarrett, R.D., 2003, Comparisons of two moments‐based estimators that utilize historical and paleoflood data for the log Pearson type III distribution: Water Resources Research, v. 39, no. 9, p. 5-1-5-16, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002WR001791.","productDescription":"Article 1243; 16 p.","startPage":"5-1","endPage":"5-16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478395,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2002wr001791","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":236104,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-09-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f8c5e4b0c8380cd4d2b2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"England, John F. Jr. 0000-0001-5563-6274","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5563-6274","contributorId":203275,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"England","given":"John F.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[{"id":27611,"text":"US Bureau of Reclamation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":404414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Salas, Jose D.","contributorId":94730,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Salas","given":"Jose","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jarrett, Robert D. rjarrett@usgs.gov","contributorId":2260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jarrett","given":"Robert","email":"rjarrett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":404413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70025248,"text":"70025248 - 2003 - The effect of entrapped nonaqueous phase liquids on tracer transport in heterogeneous porous media: Laboratory experiments at the intermediate scale","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:57","indexId":"70025248","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2233,"text":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The effect of entrapped nonaqueous phase liquids on tracer transport in heterogeneous porous media: Laboratory experiments at the intermediate scale","docAbstract":"This work considers the applicability of conservative tracers for detecting high-saturation nonaqueous-phase liquid (NAPL) entrapment in heterogeneous systems. For this purpose, a series of experiments and simulations was performed using a two-dimensional heterogeneous system (10??1.2 m), which represents an intermediate scale between laboratory and field scales. Tracer tests performed prior to injecting the NAPL provide the baseline response of the heterogeneous porous medium. Two NAPL spill experiments were performed and the entrapped-NAPL saturation distribution measured in detail using a gamma-ray attenuation system. Tracer tests following each of the NAPL spills produced breakthrough curves (BTCs) reflecting the impact of entrapped NAPL on conservative transport. To evaluate significance, the impact of NAPL entrapment on the conservative-tracer breakthrough curves was compared to simulated breakthrough curve variability for different realizations of the heterogeneous distribution. Analysis of the results reveals that the NAPL entrapment has a significant impact on the temporal moments of conservative-tracer breakthrough curves. ?? 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0169-7722(03)00066-4","issn":"01697722","usgsCitation":"Barth, G.R., Illangasekare, T., and Rajaram, H., 2003, The effect of entrapped nonaqueous phase liquids on tracer transport in heterogeneous porous media: Laboratory experiments at the intermediate scale: Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, v. 67, no. 1-4, p. 247-268, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-7722(03)00066-4.","startPage":"247","endPage":"268","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236145,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209554,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0169-7722(03)00066-4"}],"volume":"67","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bab25e4b08c986b322c60","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barth, Gilbert R.","contributorId":15374,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barth","given":"Gilbert","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Illangasekare, T.H.","contributorId":45847,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Illangasekare","given":"T.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rajaram, H.","contributorId":39547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rajaram","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70179229,"text":"70179229 - 2003 - Bacterial kidney disease","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-22T11:07:32","indexId":"70179229","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Bacterial kidney disease","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Suggested procedures for the detection and identification of certain finfish and shellfish pathogens. Blue Book 5th Edition","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","usgsCitation":"Pascho, R.J., and Elliott, D.G., 2003, Bacterial kidney disease, chap. of Suggested procedures for the detection and identification of certain finfish and shellfish pathogens. Blue Book 5th Edition, p. 1.14.1-1.14.14.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1.14.1","endPage":"1.14.14","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":332467,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"585cf4fde4b01224f329bcc0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pascho, Ronald J.","contributorId":177070,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pascho","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Elliott, Diane G. 0000-0002-4809-6692 dgelliott@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4809-6692","contributorId":2947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elliott","given":"Diane","email":"dgelliott@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":656466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70184627,"text":"70184627 - 2003 - Comment on “Isotopic fractionation between Fe(III) and Fe(II) in aqueous solutions” by Clark Johnson et al., [Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 195 (2002) 141–153]","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-04T13:32:52","indexId":"70184627","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comment on “Isotopic fractionation between Fe(III) and Fe(II) in aqueous solutions” by Clark Johnson et al., [Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 195 (2002) 141–153]","docAbstract":"In a recent contribution [1], Johnson et al. reported the equilibrium isotope fractionation factor between dissolved Fe(II) and Fe(III) in aqueous solutions at pH=2.5 and 5.5. They suggest that because the iron isotope fractionation observed in their experiments spans virtually the entire range observed in sedimentary rocks, Fe(II)–Fe(III) aqueous speciation may play a major role in determining iron isotope variations in nature where Fe(II) and Fe(III) can become physically separated. They discounted earlier conclusions by us and others [2] ; [3] that significant equilibrium fractionation between specific coexisting Fe(II)- or Fe(III)-aqueous complexes (e.g., between aqueous Fe(II)(OH)x(aq)and Fe(II)(aq) ion) is capable of producing iron isotope contrasts that can be preserved in nature. This is an important contribution not only because the authors recognize the importance of abiotic equilibrium iron isotope fractionation in nature in contrast to previous assertions [4], but also because it will help to focus discussion on the development and evaluation of experimental approaches that can reveal abiotic fractionation mechanisms. However, in this Comment we propose that the experiments presented in this paper cannot be interpreted as straightforwardly as Johnson et al. contend. In particular, we show that in one of their critical experiments attainment of either isotope mass balance or equilibrium was not demonstrated, and thus the results of that experiment cannot be used to calculate an Fe(II)–Fe(III) equilibrium fractionation factor.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0012-821X(02)01091-9","usgsCitation":"Bullen, T.D., White, A.F., and Childs, C.W., 2003, Comment on “Isotopic fractionation between Fe(III) and Fe(II) in aqueous solutions” by Clark Johnson et al., [Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 195 (2002) 141–153]: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 206, no. 1-2, p. 229-232, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(02)01091-9.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"229","endPage":"232","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337364,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"206","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c3c946e4b0f37a93ee9b65","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bullen, Thomas D. 0000-0003-2281-1691 tdbullen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2281-1691","contributorId":1969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bullen","given":"Thomas","email":"tdbullen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":682296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"White, Arthur F. afwhite@usgs.gov","contributorId":3718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Arthur","email":"afwhite@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":682297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Childs, Cyril W.","contributorId":188137,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Childs","given":"Cyril","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":682298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70025251,"text":"70025251 - 2003 - Response of benthic invertebrate assemblages to metal exposure and bioaccumulation associated with hard-rock mining in northwestern streams, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-19T10:38:07","indexId":"70025251","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2564,"text":"Journal of the North American Benthological Society","onlineIssn":"1937-237X","printIssn":"0887-3593","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Response of benthic invertebrate assemblages to metal exposure and bioaccumulation associated with hard-rock mining in northwestern streams, USA","docAbstract":"Benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages, environmental variables, and associated mine density were evaluated during the summer of 2000 at 18 reference and test sites in the Coeur d'Alene and St. Regis River basins, northwestern USA as part of the US Geological Survey's National Water-Quality Assessment Program. Concentrations of Cd, Pb, and Zn in water and (or) streambed sediment at test sites in basins where production mine density was ???0.2 mines/km2 (in a 500-m stream buffer) were significantly higher than concentrations at reference sites. Zn and Pb were identified as the primary contaminants in water and streambed sediment, respectively. These metal concentrations often exceeded acute Ambient Water Quality Criteria for aquatic life and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Probable Effect Level for streambed sediment. Regression analysis identified significant correlations between production mine density in each basin and Zn concentrations in water and Pb in streambed sediment (r2 = 0.69 and 0.65, p < 0.01). Metal concentrations in caddisfly tissue, used to verify site-specific exposures of benthos, also were highest at sites downstream from intensive mining. Benthic invertebrate taxa richness and densities were lower at sites downstream than upstream of areas of intensive hard-rock mining and associated metal enrichment. Benthic invertebrate metrics that were most effective in discriminating changes in assemblage structure between reference and mining sites were total number of taxa, number of Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera (EPT) taxa, and densities of total individuals, EPT individuals, and metal-sensitive Ephemeroptera individuals.","language":"English","publisher":"University of Chicago Press","doi":"10.2307/1468356","issn":"08873593","usgsCitation":"Maret, T., Cain, D., MacCoy, D., and Short, T., 2003, Response of benthic invertebrate assemblages to metal exposure and bioaccumulation associated with hard-rock mining in northwestern streams, USA: Journal of the North American Benthological Society, v. 22, no. 4, p. 598-620, https://doi.org/10.2307/1468356.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"598","endPage":"620","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236217,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aaa34e4b0c8380cd861de","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Maret, T.R.","contributorId":9015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maret","given":"T.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cain, D.J.","contributorId":68329,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cain","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"MacCoy, D.E.","contributorId":47814,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacCoy","given":"D.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Short, T.M.","contributorId":50626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Short","given":"T.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70197153,"text":"70197153 - 2003 - Geophysical setting of the Pahute Mesa - Oasis Valley region, southern Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-18T13:07:06","indexId":"70197153","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5690,"text":"Nevada Bureau Mines & Geology Report","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"50","title":"Geophysical setting of the Pahute Mesa - Oasis Valley region, southern Nevada","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology","usgsCitation":"Mankinen, E.A., Hildenbrand, T.G., Fridrich, C.J., McKee, E.H., and Schenkel, C.J., 2003, Geophysical setting of the Pahute Mesa - Oasis Valley region, southern Nevada: Nevada Bureau Mines & Geology Report 50, CD-ROM; 46 p.","productDescription":"CD-ROM; 46 p.","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":354320,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":354319,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.nbmg.unr.edu/Geophys-Pahute-Mesa-CD-ROM-p/r050.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b158519e4b092d9651e2119","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mankinen, Edward A. 0000-0001-7496-2681 emank@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7496-2681","contributorId":1054,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mankinen","given":"Edward","email":"emank@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":735839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hildenbrand, Thomas G.","contributorId":61787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hildenbrand","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":735840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fridrich, Christopher J. 0000-0003-2453-6478 fridrich@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2453-6478","contributorId":1251,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fridrich","given":"Christopher","email":"fridrich@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":735841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McKee, Edwin H. mckee@usgs.gov","contributorId":3728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKee","given":"Edwin","email":"mckee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":735842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schenkel, Clifford J.","contributorId":37370,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schenkel","given":"Clifford","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":735843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70025253,"text":"70025253 - 2003 - On the preservation of laminated sediments along the western margin of North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:29","indexId":"70025253","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3002,"text":"Paleoceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"On the preservation of laminated sediments along the western margin of North America","docAbstract":"Piston, gravity, and multicores as well as hydrographic data were collected along the Pacific margin of Baja California to reconstruct past variations in the intensity of the oxygen-minimum zone (OMZ). Gravity cores collected from within the OMZ north of 24??N did not contain laminated surface sediments even though bottom water oxygen (BWO) concentrations were close to 5 ??mol/kg. However, many of the cores collected south of 24??N did contain millimeter- to centimeter-scale, brown to black laminations in Holocene and older sediments but not in sediments deposited during the Last Glacial Maximum. In addition to the dark laminations, Holocene sediments in Soledad Basin, silled at 290 m, also contain white coccolith laminae that probably represent individual blooms. Two open margin cores from 430 and 700 m depth that were selected for detailed radiocarbon dating show distinct transitions from bioturbated glacial sediment to laminated Holocene sediment occurring at 12.9 and 11.5 ka, respectively. The transition is delayed and more gradual (11.3-10.0 ka) in another dated core from Soledad Basin. The observations indicate that bottom-water oxygen concentrations dropped below a threshold for the preservation of laminations at different times or that a synchronous hydrographic change left an asynchronous sedimentary imprint due to local factors. With the caveat that laminated sections should therefore not be correlated without independent age control, the pattern of older sequences of laminations along the North American western margin reported by this and previous studies suggests that multiple patterns of regional productivity and ventilation prevailed over the past 60 kyr. Copyright 2003 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Paleoceanography","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"08838305","usgsCitation":"VanGeen, A., Zheng, Y., Bernhard, J., Cannariato, K., Carriquiry, J., Dean, W., Eakins, B., Ortiz, J., and Pike, J., 2003, On the preservation of laminated sediments along the western margin of North America: Paleoceanography, v. 18, no. 4, p. 22-1.","startPage":"22","endPage":"1","numberOfPages":"-20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235656,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6de8e4b0c8380cd753c4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"VanGeen, A.","contributorId":84086,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"VanGeen","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zheng, Yen","contributorId":80842,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zheng","given":"Yen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bernhard, J.M.","contributorId":58822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bernhard","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cannariato, K.G.","contributorId":98094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannariato","given":"K.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Carriquiry, J.","contributorId":12249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carriquiry","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dean, W.E.","contributorId":97099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dean","given":"W.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Eakins, B.W.","contributorId":36728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eakins","given":"B.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Ortiz, J.D.","contributorId":37932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ortiz","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Pike, J.","contributorId":62811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pike","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ]}