Conservation Act of 1980 (ANILCA, 1980) requires the Secretary of Interior to conduct a continuing study of fish, wildlife, and habitats on the Innoko National Wildlife Refuge (INWR). Included in this study is a determination of the extent, location, and carrying capacity of fish and wildlife habitats.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/70157209","usgsCitation":"Markon, C., 1987, Innoko National Wildlife Refuge land cover mapping project users guide, Report: 17 p.; Appendixes A-B, https://doi.org/10.3133/70157209.","productDescription":"Report: 17 p.; Appendixes A-B","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":309562,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/70157209.JPG"},{"id":309561,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70157209/report.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Innoko National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -161,\n 62\n ],\n [\n -161,\n 65\n ],\n [\n -156,\n 65\n ],\n [\n -156,\n 62\n ],\n [\n -161,\n 62\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55f7efb9e4b05d6c4e4fa979","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Markon, Carl J.","contributorId":80305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Markon","given":"Carl J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":572267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70236978,"text":"70236978 - 1987 - Landsat-assisted vegetation mapping of Innoko National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-26T17:53:01.528118","indexId":"70236978","displayToPublicDate":"1987-12-31T12:45:34","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Landsat-assisted vegetation mapping of Innoko National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 5th Scandinavian conference on image analysis, Stockholm, June 2-5, 1987","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"5th Scandinavian Conference on Image Analysis","conferenceDate":"June 2-5, 1987","conferenceLocation":"Stockholm, Sweden","language":"English","publisher":"SSAB-Svenska Sallskapet for Automatiserand Bildanalys","usgsCitation":"Talbot, S., and Markon, C., 1987, Landsat-assisted vegetation mapping of Innoko National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska, in Proceedings of the 5th Scandinavian conference on image analysis, Stockholm, June 2-5, 1987, Stockholm, Sweden, June 2-5, 1987, p. 269-277.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"269","endPage":"277","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":407335,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Innoko National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -160.25,\n 62.6\n ],\n [\n -156,\n 62.6\n ],\n [\n -156,\n 64.00005168835195\n ],\n [\n -160.25,\n 64.00005168835195\n ],\n [\n -160.25,\n 62.6\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Talbot, Stephen S.","contributorId":73266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Talbot","given":"Stephen S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":852893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Markon, Carl markon@usgs.gov","contributorId":140882,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Markon","given":"Carl","email":"markon@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":113,"text":"Alaska Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":852894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70206940,"text":"70206940 - 1987 - Late Quaternary caldera-forming eruptions in the eastern Aleutian arc, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-19T14:37:54","indexId":"70206940","displayToPublicDate":"1987-12-31T07:29:49","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":" Late Quaternary caldera-forming eruptions in the eastern Aleutian arc, Alaska","docAbstract":"Late Quaternary calderas have been identified at 12 of 40 volcanic centers in the eastern Aleutian arc, and sufficient radiocarbon dates and geologic information have now been obtained to either date or constrain the timing of the climactic caldera-forming eruptions. At least eight major caldera-forming events, each characterized by estimated eruption volumes of more than 10 km 3 , occurred at seven different volcanic centers in the Holocene, and as many as six of these had estimated eruption volumes of more than 50 km 3 . Eruptions of similar magnitude formed two other calderas in Wisconsin time. The dating of these hitherto little-known events adds significantly to the previously existing chronology of large prehistoric eruptions. This refined chronology is important in understanding eruption-induced climate changes, in assessing volcanic hazards, and in developing a tephrochronology for northwestern North America. © 1987 Geological Society of America.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(1987)15<434:LQCEIT>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Miller, T.P., and Smith, R., 1987, Late Quaternary caldera-forming eruptions in the eastern Aleutian arc, Alaska: Geology, v. 15, no. 5, p. 434-438, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1987)15<434:LQCEIT>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"5 p. ","startPage":"434","endPage":"438","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":369770,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Eastern Aleutian Islands","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -168.5906982421875,\n 52.872445481488825\n ],\n [\n -165.3497314453125,\n 53.83308071272798\n ],\n [\n -161.7022705078125,\n 54.43171285946844\n ],\n [\n -159.45556640625,\n 54.702407731003376\n ],\n [\n -159.1424560546875,\n 54.85763959554899\n ],\n [\n -155.1983642578125,\n 55.696163893908825\n ],\n [\n -151.8310546875,\n 57.27013372919345\n ],\n [\n -151.3092041015625,\n 58.459228692360625\n ],\n [\n -151.4300537109375,\n 60.029185654654505\n ],\n [\n -150.9521484375,\n 61.86392097024009\n ],\n [\n -152.95166015625,\n 61.87169117378061\n ],\n [\n -156.104736328125,\n 59.795107566022416\n ],\n [\n -158.16467285156247,\n 57.97898320865358\n ],\n [\n -161.81213378906247,\n 56.12412241244821\n ],\n [\n -163.9215087890625,\n 55.397831459360326\n ],\n [\n -167.3602294921875,\n 54.204223304732196\n ],\n [\n -169.3817138671875,\n 53.08082737207479\n ],\n [\n -169.25537109375,\n 52.619725272670266\n ],\n [\n -168.5906982421875,\n 52.872445481488825\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"15","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, T. P.","contributorId":121029,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":776334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, R.L.","contributorId":47422,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":776335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70197316,"text":"70197316 - 1987 - Petrology and K-Ar ages of the Misheguk igneous sequence, an allochthonous mafic and ultramafic complex, and its metamorphic aureole, western Brooks Range, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-29T13:53:45","indexId":"70197316","displayToPublicDate":"1987-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Petrology and K-Ar ages of the Misheguk igneous sequence, an allochthonous mafic and ultramafic complex, and its metamorphic aureole, western Brooks Range, Alaska","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"North Slope Geology","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Pacific Section","usgsCitation":"Boak, J., Turner, D.L., Henry, D., Moore, T.E., and Wallace, W.K., 1987, Petrology and K-Ar ages of the Misheguk igneous sequence, an allochthonous mafic and ultramafic complex, and its metamorphic aureole, western Brooks Range, Alaska, chap. of North Slope Geology, v. 50, p. 737-745.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"737","endPage":"745","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":354532,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"50","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b15b23ce4b092d9651e2356","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boak, J.M.","contributorId":205241,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boak","given":"J.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":736625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Turner, D. L.","contributorId":53776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turner","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":736626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Henry, D.J.","contributorId":205242,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Henry","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":736627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Moore, Thomas E. 0000-0002-0878-0457 tmoore@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0878-0457","contributorId":1033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Thomas","email":"tmoore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":736628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wallace, W. K.","contributorId":31781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wallace","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":736629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70158918,"text":"70158918 - 1987 - Yukon Flats National Wildlife Refuge land cover mapping project user's guide","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-13T14:09:24.461969","indexId":"70158918","displayToPublicDate":"1987-12-02T14:30:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Yukon Flats National Wildlife Refuge land cover mapping project user's guide","docAbstract":"Title III of the Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act (ANILCA, 1980) established the Yukon Flats National Wildlife Refuge (YFNWR). Section 304 of the Act requires the Secretary of Interior to \"prepare, and from time to time revise, a comprehensive conservation plan\" for the refuge. Before developing a plan for the refuge, the Secretary shall \"identify and describe--a) the populations and habitats of the fish and wildlife resources of the refuge; b) the special values of the refuge as well as any other archeological, cultural, ecological, geological , historical, palentological, scenic, or wilderness value of the refuge; c) areas within the refuge that are suitable for use as administrative sites or visitor facilities...; d) present the potential requirements for access with respect to the refuge...; and e) significant problems which may adversely affect the populations and habitats of fish and wildlife identified and described...\" (ANILCA, 1980). Vegetation, water, and terrain (elevation, slope, and aspect) are the components of habitat and can be used in the determination of the above requirements.
\nThe U. S. Fish & Wildlife Service (USFWS) has the responsibility for collecting the resource information to address the research, management, development and planning requirements identified in Section 304. Because of the brief period provided by the Act for data collection, habitat mapping, and habitat assessment, the USFWS in cooperation with the U.S. Geological Survey's EROS Field Office, used digital Landsat multispectral scanner (MSS) data and digital terrain data to produce land cover and terrain maps. A computer assisted digital analysis of Landsat MSS data was used because coverage by aerial photographs was incomplete for much of the refuge and because the level of detail obtained from Landsat data was adequate to meet most USFWS research, management and planning needs. Relative cost and time requirements were also factors in the decision to use the digital analysis approach.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Markon, C.J., 1987, Yukon Flats National Wildlife Refuge land cover mapping project user's guide, 25 p.","productDescription":"25 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":309711,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/70158918.jpg"},{"id":312629,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70158918/report.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Yukon Flats National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -149.578857421875,\n 65.82528186767406\n ],\n [\n -149.271240234375,\n 65.76221691239006\n ],\n [\n -148.96362304687497,\n 65.75319502284968\n ],\n [\n -148.612060546875,\n 65.82078234733756\n ],\n [\n -148.304443359375,\n 65.77574383263962\n ],\n [\n -147.930908203125,\n 65.82528186767406\n ],\n [\n -147.271728515625,\n 65.83877570688918\n ],\n [\n -146.84326171874997,\n 65.87023380203185\n ],\n [\n -146.590576171875,\n 65.78926365865432\n ],\n [\n -146.53564453125,\n 65.69899739579667\n ],\n [\n -146.35986328124997,\n 65.69899739579667\n ],\n [\n -145.931396484375,\n 65.81628203985206\n ],\n [\n -145.39306640624997,\n 65.74416997811738\n ],\n [\n -145.04150390625,\n 65.70803822968016\n ],\n [\n -144.459228515625,\n 65.8837040515135\n ],\n [\n -144.0087890625,\n 65.88819256330774\n ],\n [\n -144.019775390625,\n 66.13829878264829\n ],\n [\n -144.11865234375,\n 66.133854089549\n ],\n [\n -144.11865234375,\n 66.26243417754857\n ],\n [\n -144.1845703125,\n 66.27127767491216\n ],\n [\n -144.1845703125,\n 66.32427350198294\n ],\n [\n -143.98681640625,\n 66.32868478255796\n ],\n [\n -143.98681640625,\n 66.4123520614206\n ],\n [\n -143.800048828125,\n 66.4123520614206\n ],\n [\n -143.7890625,\n 66.35513620288557\n ],\n [\n -143.558349609375,\n 66.33309528851538\n ],\n [\n -143.28369140625,\n 66.19600891267761\n ],\n [\n -143.23974609375,\n 66.12940861699609\n ],\n [\n -143.448486328125,\n 66.12940861699609\n ],\n [\n -143.54736328125,\n 66.00461848105246\n ],\n [\n -143.54736328125,\n 65.89268028960205\n ],\n [\n -142.745361328125,\n 65.89268028960205\n ],\n [\n -142.745361328125,\n 66.07600210896848\n ],\n [\n -142.11914062499997,\n 66.06709009707023\n ],\n [\n -142.11914062499997,\n 66.23145747862573\n ],\n [\n -142.05322265625,\n 66.23588505155591\n ],\n [\n -142.042236328125,\n 66.57885072290632\n ],\n [\n -141.96533203125,\n 66.58321725728175\n ],\n [\n -141.96533203125,\n 66.92575483700277\n ],\n [\n -141.78955078125,\n 66.93436492078077\n ],\n [\n -141.712646484375,\n 66.72688256295223\n ],\n [\n -141.427001953125,\n 66.72688256295223\n ],\n [\n -141.15234374999997,\n 66.7745857647255\n ],\n [\n -140.99853515625,\n 66.87834504307976\n ],\n [\n -141.009521484375,\n 68.13885164925573\n ],\n [\n -145.17333984375,\n 68.1265758134121\n ],\n [\n -145.20629882812497,\n 67.55894799883033\n ],\n [\n -145.447998046875,\n 67.55475378638546\n ],\n [\n -145.43701171875,\n 67.44965659541857\n ],\n [\n -145.283203125,\n 67.41170754196519\n ],\n [\n -145.2392578125,\n 67.3271595401678\n ],\n [\n -145.52490234375,\n 67.1614280966097\n ],\n [\n -145.634765625,\n 66.84812725418995\n ],\n [\n -145.579833984375,\n 66.79623849287657\n ],\n [\n -145.931396484375,\n 66.67473718353055\n ],\n [\n -146.05224609375,\n 66.83084319457534\n ],\n [\n -146.414794921875,\n 67.02029884505706\n ],\n [\n -146.62353515625,\n 67.06315217796664\n ],\n [\n -146.9091796875,\n 67.07599342955437\n ],\n [\n -147.15087890625,\n 67.15289820820026\n ],\n [\n -147.392578125,\n 67.08455048507471\n ],\n [\n -147.667236328125,\n 67.08882787950223\n ],\n [\n -147.7880859375,\n 67.06315217796664\n ],\n [\n -148.128662109375,\n 67.07599342955437\n ],\n [\n -148.2275390625,\n 67.10592990421827\n ],\n [\n -148.392333984375,\n 67.0545875634247\n ],\n [\n -148.4912109375,\n 67.08027233512864\n ],\n [\n -148.6669921875,\n 67.11874849517986\n ],\n [\n -148.7109375,\n 67.0074280854991\n ],\n [\n -148.809814453125,\n 67.01600934917997\n ],\n [\n -149.150390625,\n 66.93436492078077\n ],\n [\n -149.326171875,\n 67.00313631747609\n ],\n [\n -149.512939453125,\n 66.95157597694553\n ],\n [\n -149.7216796875,\n 66.95587684341999\n ],\n [\n -149.732666015625,\n 66.7875796909833\n ],\n [\n -150.084228515625,\n 66.63555577803261\n ],\n [\n -150.1171875,\n 66.54389077787991\n ],\n [\n -150.00732421875,\n 66.25358757512083\n ],\n [\n -149.78759765625,\n 66.24916310923315\n ],\n [\n -149.78759765625,\n 65.99568144924922\n ],\n [\n -149.61181640625,\n 65.98674128600024\n ],\n [\n -149.578857421875,\n 65.82528186767406\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5614f0e2e4b0ba4884c611f4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Markon, Carl J. markon@usgs.gov","contributorId":2499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Markon","given":"Carl","email":"markon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":576838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70014795,"text":"70014795 - 1987 - Dinosaurs on the North Slope, Alaska: High latitude, latest cretaceous environments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-24T16:36:13.199889","indexId":"70014795","displayToPublicDate":"1987-09-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dinosaurs on the North Slope, Alaska: High latitude, latest cretaceous environments","docAbstract":"Abundant skeletal remains demonstrate that lambeosaurine hadrosaurid, tyrannosaurid, and troodontid dinosaurs lived on the Alaskan North Slope during late Campanian—early Maestrichtian time (about 66 to 76 million years ago) in a deltaic environment dominated by herbaceous vegetation. The high ground terrestrial plant community was a mild- to cold-temperate forest composed of coniferous and broad leaf trees. The high paleolatitude (about 70° to 85° North) implies extreme seasonal variation in solar insolation, temperature, and herbivore food supply. Great distances of migration to contemporaneous evergreen floras and the presence of both juvenile and adult hadrosaurs suggest that they remained at high latitudes year-round. This challenges the hypothesis that short-term periods of darkness and temperature decrease resulting from a bolide impact caused dinosaurian extinction.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.237.4822.1608","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Brouwers, E., Clemens, W., Spicer, R., Ager, T.A., Carter, L.D., and Sliter, W., 1987, Dinosaurs on the North Slope, Alaska: High latitude, latest cretaceous environments: Science, v. 237, no. 4822, p. 1608-1610, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.237.4822.1608.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"1608","endPage":"1610","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225853,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"North Slope","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -167.188923249129,\n 71.05311118286318\n ],\n [\n -167.188923249129,\n 67.06227195322515\n ],\n [\n -141.29525858495077,\n 67.06227195322515\n ],\n [\n -141.29525858495077,\n 71.05311118286318\n ],\n [\n -167.188923249129,\n 71.05311118286318\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"237","issue":"4822","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a01a4e4b0c8380cd4fcb2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brouwers, E. M.","contributorId":98319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brouwers","given":"E. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clemens, W.A.","contributorId":101519,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clemens","given":"W.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Spicer, R.A.","contributorId":46831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spicer","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ager, T. A.","contributorId":88386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ager","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Carter, L. D.","contributorId":87959,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sliter, W.V.","contributorId":38997,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sliter","given":"W.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70113270,"text":"70113270 - 1987 - Producing Alaska interim land cover maps from Landsat digital and ancillary data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-18T15:50:53.638501","indexId":"70113270","displayToPublicDate":"1987-08-01T11:47:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Producing Alaska interim land cover maps from Landsat digital and ancillary data","docAbstract":"In 1985, the U.S. Geological Survey initiated a research program to produce 1:250,000-scale land cover maps of Alaska using digital Landsat multispectral scanner data and ancillary data and to evaluate the potential of establishing a statewide land cover mapping program using this approach. The geometrically corrected and resampled Landsat pixel data are registered to a Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) projection, along with arc-second digital elevation model data used as an aid in the final computer classification. Areas summaries of the land cover classes are extracted by merging the Landsat digital classification files with the U.S. Bureau of Land Management's Public Land Survey digital file. Registration of the digital land cover data is verified and control points are identified so that a laser plotter can products screened film separate for printing the classification data at map scale directly from the digital file.
\nThe final land cover classification is retained both as a color map at 1:250,000 scale registered to the U.S. Geological Survey base map, with area summaries by township and range on the reverse, and as a digital file where it may be used as a category in a geographic information system.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pecora XI Symposium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Photogrammetry","publisherLocation":"Falls Church, VA","usgsCitation":"Fitzpatrick-Lins, K., Doughty, E.F., Shasby, M., Loveland, T., and Benjamin, S., 1987, Producing Alaska interim land cover maps from Landsat digital and ancillary data, in Pecora XI Symposium, p. 339-348.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"339","endPage":"348","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288909,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 172.5,51.2 ], [ 172.5,71.4 ], [ -130.0,71.4 ], [ -130.0,51.2 ], [ 172.5,51.2 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae77f6e4b0abf75cf2c60e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fitzpatrick-Lins, Katherine","contributorId":75906,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitzpatrick-Lins","given":"Katherine","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Doughty, Eileen Flanagan","contributorId":83443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doughty","given":"Eileen","email":"","middleInitial":"Flanagan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shasby, Mark shasbym@usgs.gov","contributorId":69158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shasby","given":"Mark","email":"shasbym@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Loveland, Thomas R. 0000-0003-3114-6646 loveland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3114-6646","contributorId":3005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loveland","given":"Thomas R.","email":"loveland@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":495035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Benjamin, Susan","contributorId":77938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benjamin","given":"Susan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70210576,"text":"70210576 - 1987 - Geologic setting, petrology, and geochemistry of stratiform sphalerite-galena- barite deposits, red dog creek and drench water creek areas, northwestern Brooks Range, Alaska-a reply","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-11T15:15:40.605203","indexId":"70210576","displayToPublicDate":"1987-06-10T11:21:23","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geologic setting, petrology, and geochemistry of stratiform sphalerite-galena- barite deposits, red dog creek and drench water creek areas, northwestern Brooks Range, Alaska-a reply","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"SPEM","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.82.4.1079","usgsCitation":"Lange, I.M., and Nokleberg, W.J., 1987, Geologic setting, petrology, and geochemistry of stratiform sphalerite-galena- barite deposits, red dog creek and drench water creek areas, northwestern Brooks Range, Alaska-a reply: Economic Geology, v. 82, no. 4, p. 1079-1081, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.82.4.1079.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"1079","endPage":"1081","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":375492,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Northwestern Brooks Range","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -157.8955078125,\n 66.38155976071747\n ],\n [\n -149.7216796875,\n 66.38155976071747\n ],\n [\n -149.7216796875,\n 68.87143872335129\n ],\n [\n -157.8955078125,\n 68.87143872335129\n ],\n [\n -157.8955078125,\n 66.38155976071747\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"82","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1987-07-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lange, Ian M.","contributorId":149316,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lange","given":"Ian","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":5097,"text":"University of Montana, Division of Biological Sciences","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":790651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nokleberg, Warren J. 0000-0002-1574-8869 wnokleberg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1574-8869","contributorId":2077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nokleberg","given":"Warren","email":"wnokleberg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":790652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70209544,"text":"70209544 - 1987 - Arabian Shield ophiolites and Late Proterozoic microplate accretion","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-01T20:34:32.121079","indexId":"70209544","displayToPublicDate":"1987-04-01T10:42:57","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Arabian Shield ophiolites and Late Proterozoic microplate accretion","docAbstract":"Fragments of Late Proterozoic ocean crust and mantle (ophiolites) occur within six major fault zones that mark sutures between crustal blocks (microplates) that were accreted between about 630 and 715 Ma to form the Arabian Shield. We report new U-Pb zircon ages for ophiolitic gabbro, diorite, and plagiogranite that range from 840 to 700 Ma and establish these complexes among the oldest proven ophiolites.
By dating the ophiolitic rocks we are able to monitor the magmatic ages of sea-floor spreading events during accretion of the Arabian Shield. Comparison of the ophiolitic dates with the ages of the adjacent crustal blocks provides a more complete basis for plate-tectonics reconstruction of the shield than has previously been possible. Our new zircon ages confirm earlier Sm-Nd mineral isochrons for ophiolites of the northwestern Arabian Shield, show that the ophiolites are among the oldest oceanic rocks in each terrane, support near- or within-arc tectonic settings for the ophiolites, suggest that the Bir Umq suture extends north along the Nabitah mobile belt into the northern shield, and suggest that older (>1250 Ma) continental crustal material is locally present in the dominantly “oceanic” western shield. We suggest that Indonesia and Alaska provide Phanerozoic analogues for stages in the accretion history.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(1987)15<320:ASOALP>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Pallister, J.S., Stacey, J.S., Fischer, L.B., and Premo, W.R., 1987, Arabian Shield ophiolites and Late Proterozoic microplate accretion: Geology, v. 15, no. 4, p. 20-323, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1987)15<320:ASOALP>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"20","endPage":"323","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":373910,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Saudi Arabia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 35.15625,\n 17.936928637549443\n ],\n [\n 46.05468749999999,\n 17.936928637549443\n ],\n [\n 46.05468749999999,\n 28\n ],\n [\n 35.15625,\n 28\n ],\n [\n 35.15625,\n 17.936928637549443\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"15","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pallister, John S. 0000-0002-2041-2147 jpallist@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2041-2147","contributorId":2024,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pallister","given":"John","email":"jpallist@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":786745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stacey, J. S.","contributorId":72785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stacey","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":786746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fischer, L. B.","contributorId":107293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fischer","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":786747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Premo, Wayne R. 0000-0001-9904-4801 wpremo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9904-4801","contributorId":1697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Premo","given":"Wayne","email":"wpremo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":786748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70210020,"text":"70210020 - 1987 - Crustal structure beneath exposed accreted terranes of Southern Alaska ","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-11T14:14:59.108554","indexId":"70210020","displayToPublicDate":"1987-04-01T09:08:54","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1803,"text":"Geophysical Journal International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Crustal structure beneath exposed accreted terranes of Southern Alaska ","docAbstract":"The crustal structure beneath the exposed terranes of southern Alaska has been explored using coincident seismic refraction and reflection profiling. A wide-angle reflector at 8-9 km depth, at the base of an inferred low-velocity zone, underlies the Peninsular and Chugach terranes, appears to truncate their boundary, and may represent a horizontal decollement beneath the terranes. The crust beneath the Chugach terrane is characterized by a series of north-dipping paired layers having low and high velocities that may represent subducted slices of oceanic crust and mantle. This layered series may continue northward under the Peninsular terrane. Earthquake locations in the Wrangell Benioff zone indicate that at least the upper two low-high velocity layer pairs are tectonically inactive and that they appear to have been accreted to the base of the continental crust. The refraction data suggest that the Contact fault between two similar terranes, the Chugach and Prince William terranes, is a deeply penetrating feature that separates lower crust (deeper than 10 km) with paired dipping reflectors, from crust without such reflectors.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-246X.1987.tb04390.x","usgsCitation":"Fuis, G.S., Ambos, E.L., Mooney, W.D., Page, R., Fisher, M.A., Brocher, T.M., and Taber, J., 1987, Crustal structure beneath exposed accreted terranes of Southern Alaska : Geophysical Journal International, v. 89, no. 1, p. 73-78, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.1987.tb04390.x.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"73","endPage":"78","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":480077,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246x.1987.tb04390.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":374599,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -163.828125,\n 53.80065082633023\n ],\n [\n -129.375,\n 53.80065082633023\n ],\n [\n -129.375,\n 63.074865690586634\n ],\n [\n -163.828125,\n 63.074865690586634\n ],\n [\n -163.828125,\n 53.80065082633023\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"89","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fuis, Gary S. 0000-0002-3078-1544 fuis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3078-1544","contributorId":2639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuis","given":"Gary","email":"fuis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":788829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ambos, E. L.","contributorId":23957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ambos","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":788830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mooney, Walter D. 0000-0002-5310-3631 mooney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5310-3631","contributorId":3194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mooney","given":"Walter","email":"mooney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":788831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Page, R.A.","contributorId":40197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Page","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":788832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fisher, Michael A. mfisher@usgs.gov","contributorId":1991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Michael","email":"mfisher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":788833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Brocher, Thomas M. 0000-0002-9740-839X brocher@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9740-839X","contributorId":262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brocher","given":"Thomas","email":"brocher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":788834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Taber, J.J.","contributorId":14124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taber","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":788835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70221503,"text":"70221503 - 1987 - Alaskan Cretaceous-Tertiary floras and Arctic origins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-18T21:53:06.517019","indexId":"70221503","displayToPublicDate":"1987-02-01T16:48:43","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3001,"text":"Paleobiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Alaskan Cretaceous-Tertiary floras and Arctic origins","docAbstract":"Cretaceous floras in Alaska, when compared to those at mid-latitudes, generally indicate later appearances in Alaska of major clades and major leaf morphologies. Compared to mid-latitude floras, Alaskan Late Cretaceous floras contain few major clades. The Alaskan clades diversified but at a low taxonomic level. Migrational pathways into high latitudes were probably along streams. Similar patterns characterized the Alaskan Tertiary, although some southward migrations of lineages occurred during the Neogene. Review of other Arctic paleontological data from Ellesmere Island, previously used to suggest that the Arctic was a major center of origin during the Late Cretaceous, indicates that the ages of supposedly substantiating dinoflagellate floras were misinterpreted. When the dinoflagellate data are interpreted according to standard methodology, first occurrences of genera and species groups on Ellesmere are, like the Alaskan occurrences, later than first occurrences at middle latitudes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","doi":"10.1017/S0094837300008599","usgsCitation":"Spicer, R.A., Wolfe, J.A., and Nichols, D.J., 1987, Alaskan Cretaceous-Tertiary floras and Arctic origins: Paleobiology, v. 13, no. 1, p. 73-83, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0094837300008599.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"73","endPage":"83","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":386596,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-04-08","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spicer, Robert A.","contributorId":80681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spicer","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":817888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wolfe, Jack A.","contributorId":102474,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolfe","given":"Jack","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":817889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nichols, Douglas J.","contributorId":87184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":817890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70047706,"text":"70047706 - 1987 - Evaluation of ground failure susceptibility, opportunity, and potential in the urban area of Anchorage, Alaska : final technical report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-05T13:27:55","indexId":"70047706","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T16:08:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Evaluation of ground failure susceptibility, opportunity, and potential in the urban area of Anchorage, Alaska : final technical report","docAbstract":"This study was conducted as a part of the U.s. Geological Survey's Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program. The goal of this program is a reduction of earthquake hazards through the incorporation of research findings on these hazards into land-use planning decisions. An important objective of the Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program is assessment of the potential for earthquake-induced ground failure in areas of high seismicity.","language":"English","publisher":"Woodward-Clyde Consultants","publisherLocation":"Santa Ana, CA","usgsCitation":"Moriwaki, Y., and Idriss, I., 1987, Evaluation of ground failure susceptibility, opportunity, and potential in the urban area of Anchorage, Alaska : final technical report, Report: 134 p.; Insert: 5 p.; Plate 1: 36.83 inches x 10.58 inches, Plate 2: 47.80 inches x 10.44 inches, Plate 3: 41.67 inches x 10.68 inches, Plate 4: 37.71 inches x 10.71 inches, Plate 6: 22.65 inches x 10.67 inches, Plate 7: 41.20 x 9.99 inches.","productDescription":"Report: 134 p.; Insert: 5 p.; Plate 1: 36.83 inches x 10.58 inches, Plate 2: 47.80 inches x 10.44 inches, Plate 3: 41.67 inches x 10.68 inches, Plate 4: 37.71 inches x 10.71 inches, Plate 6: 22.65 inches x 10.67 inches, Plate 7: 41.20 x 9.99 inches","numberOfPages":"134","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":276807,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/70047706.jpg"},{"id":278726,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70047706/report.pdf"},{"id":278719,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70047706/plate-1.pdf"},{"id":278721,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70047706/plate-3.pdf"},{"id":278722,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70047706/plate-4.pdf"},{"id":278720,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70047706/plate-2.pdf"},{"id":278723,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70047706/plate-6.pdf"},{"id":278724,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70047706/insert.pdf"},{"id":278725,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70047706/plate-7.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","city":"Anchorage","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -150.060281,61.058056 ], [ -150.060281,61.378056 ], [ -149.740281,61.378056 ], [ -149.740281,61.058056 ], [ -150.060281,61.058056 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52148fe2e4b06d85e08fb4f2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moriwaki, Yoshiharu","contributorId":25857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moriwaki","given":"Yoshiharu","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Idriss, I.M.","contributorId":105412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Idriss","given":"I.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70207428,"text":"70207428 - 1987 - Lead isotopic fingerprinting of tectono-stratigraphic terranes, east-central Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-19T10:21:25","indexId":"70207428","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T10:18:55","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1168,"text":"Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lead isotopic fingerprinting of tectono-stratigraphic terranes, east-central Alaska","docAbstract":"Common lead isotopic compositions have been determined on feldspars from meta-igneous rocks from nine tectono-stratigraphic terranes or subterranes in east-central Alaska. Most of the terranes have distinct and well-defined signatures in terms of isotopic composition; thus, most can be distinguished on conventional lead isotopic diagrams. Lead isotopic ratios provide evidence for (1) possible sources for the igneous rocks, (2) time of metamorphism, (3) correlation of terrane fragments, and (4) delineation of juxtaposed terranes. Determination of lead isotopic ratios from igneous rocks can be useful in characterizing tectono-stratigraphic terranes (as to mantle or crustal origin) and in correlation, particularly where terrane relationships are enigmatic.
I studied the timing and frequency of copulation in mated pairs and the occurrence of extra-pair copulation (EPC) among Northern Fulmars (Fulmarus glacialis) for 2 yr. Copulation peaked 24 days before laying, a few days before females departed on a prelaying exodus of about 3 weeks. I estimated that females were inseminated at least 34 times each season. A total of 44 EPC attempts was seen, 9 (20%) of which apparently resulted in insemination. Five successful EPCs were solicitated by females visiting neighboring males. Multiple copulations during a single mounting were rare within pairs but occurred in nearly half of the successful EPCs. Both sexes visited neighbors during the prelaying period, and males employed a special behavioral display to gain acceptance by unattended females. Males invested time in nest-site attendance during the prelaying period to guard their mates and pursue EPC. However, the occurrence of EPC in fulmars was largely a matter of female choice.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.2307/4087544 ","usgsCitation":"Hatch, S.A., 1987, Copulation and mate guarding in the Northern Fulmar: The Auk, v. 104, no. 3, p. 450-461, https://doi.org/10.2307/4087544 .","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"450","endPage":"461","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488571,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/4087544","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":337566,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Semidi Islands","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -156.93832397460938,\n 55.9407405184921\n ],\n [\n -156.46865844726562,\n 55.9407405184921\n ],\n [\n -156.46865844726562,\n 56.272336447630416\n ],\n [\n -156.93832397460938,\n 56.272336447630416\n ],\n [\n -156.93832397460938,\n 55.9407405184921\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"104","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c90130e4b0849ce97abd67","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hatch, Scott A. 0000-0002-0064-8187 shatch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0064-8187","contributorId":2625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatch","given":"Scott","email":"shatch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":684354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70184678,"text":"70184678 - 1987 - [Book review] The geochronology and evolution of Africa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-10T14:57:19","indexId":"70184678","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3112,"text":"Precambrian Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"[Book review] The geochronology and evolution of Africa","docAbstract":"This book was written 'to provide an up-to-date data bank from which those wishing to construct models concerned with the evolution of Africa .... can draw.' As such, it attempts a survey of 'integrated geology and geochronology' of the African continent throughout the Precambrian and into the Phanerozoic. Political and language divisions often hinder the synthesis of continent-wide data, therefore, this well-indexed inventory of selected data and synthesis of present geochronological knowledge for Africa as a whole provides an important reference for researchers and explorationists, many of whom have limited access to complete collections of the geological literature of Africa.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0301-9268(87)90090-8","usgsCitation":"Wilson, F.H., 1987, [Book review] The geochronology and evolution of Africa: Precambrian Research, v. 36, no. 2, p. 181-182, https://doi.org/10.1016/0301-9268(87)90090-8.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"181","endPage":"182","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337397,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Africa","volume":"36","issue":"2","publicComments":"Review of The geochronology and evolution of Africa: L. Cahen, N.J. Snelling, J. Delhal and J.R. Vail, with the collaboration of M. Bonhomme and D. Ledent. Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford, 1984, xiii+512pp., £60.00 hardcover.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c3c952e4b0f37a93ee9b90","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilson, Frederic H. 0000-0003-1761-6437 fwilson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1761-6437","contributorId":67174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Frederic","email":"fwilson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":682537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70184394,"text":"70184394 - 1987 - Incidental catch of marine birds and mammals in fishing nets off Newfoundland, Canada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-08T12:31:38","indexId":"70184394","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2676,"text":"Marine Pollution Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Incidental catch of marine birds and mammals in fishing nets off Newfoundland, Canada","docAbstract":"Summer surveys of the incidental catch of marine birds and mammals in fishing nets around the east coast of Newfoundland indicated that over 100 000 animals were killed in nets during a 4-year period (1981–1984). Composition of catches depended on foraging behaviour, regional abundance, and the degree of foraging aggregation of different species. Highest incidental catches occurred in conjunction with the inshore spawning migration of capelin (Mallotus villosus), and the numbers of capelin predators caught varied with capelin abundance. Seabird by-catch was highest in the vicinity of major breeding colonies, decreasing rapidly with distance from these sites. In some years and locations, net-mortality may have constituted the greatest source of adult mortality for some species' populations.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0025-326X(87)80023-1","usgsCitation":"Piatt, J.F., and Nettleship, D.N., 1987, Incidental catch of marine birds and mammals in fishing nets off Newfoundland, Canada: Marine Pollution Bulletin, v. 18, no. 6, Supplement B, p. 344-349, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-326X(87)80023-1.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"344","endPage":"349","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337071,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada","state":"Newfoundland","volume":"18","issue":"6, Supplement B","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c12664e4b014cc3a3d353b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Piatt, John F. 0000-0002-4417-5748 jpiatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4417-5748","contributorId":3025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatt","given":"John","email":"jpiatt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":681292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nettleship, David N.","contributorId":35374,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nettleship","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":12590,"text":"Canadian Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":681293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70185416,"text":"70185416 - 1987 - Did the 1982-1983 El Niño-Southern Oscillation Affect Seabirds in Alaska? ","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-23T11:14:42","indexId":"70185416","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3783,"text":"The Wilson Bulletin","printIssn":"0043-5643","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Did the 1982-1983 El Niño-Southern Oscillation Affect Seabirds in Alaska? ","docAbstract":"The causes and effects of the oceanographic and atmospheric phenomena known as El Nino and the Southern Oscillation (ENSO) have been studied intensively in recent years (Cane 1983, Rasmusson and Wallace 1983, Barber and Chave 1983, Cane and Zebiak 1985). ENSOs occur at semiregular intervals of 3-4 years, and the stronger events have important biological consequences, including reduced breeding success and survival of seabirds in the central and eastern tropical Pacific Boersma 1978, Barber and Chavez 983, Schreiber and Schreiber 1984, Duffy 1986). The ENSO event of 1982-1983 was perhaps the strongest of this century Cane 1983), and there is evidence that seabird populations as far north as the Oregon coast (42-46'N) were adversely affected (Hodder and Graybill 1985, Bayer 1986). Here I examine evidence for similar effects on seabirds along the Alaskan coast.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wilson Ornithological Society","usgsCitation":"Hatch, S.A., 1987, Did the 1982-1983 El Niño-Southern Oscillation Affect Seabirds in Alaska? : The Wilson Bulletin, v. 99, no. 3, p. 468-474.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"468","endPage":"474","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337993,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":337992,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://wjoonline.org/?code=wors-site","text":"Journal's Homepage"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","volume":"99","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d23b9ae4b0236b68f829ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hatch, Scott A. 0000-0002-0064-8187 shatch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0064-8187","contributorId":2625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatch","given":"Scott","email":"shatch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":685512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70187734,"text":"70187734 - 1987 - Lower Paleozoic carbonate rocks of the Baird Mountains quadrangle, western Brooks Range, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-07T21:25:48","indexId":"70187734","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Lower Paleozoic carbonate rocks of the Baird Mountains quadrangle, western Brooks Range, Alaska","docAbstract":"Lower Paleozoic carbonate rocks in the Baird Mountains quadrangle form a relatively thin, chiefly shallow-water succession that has been thrust-faulted and metamorphosed to blueschist and greenschist facies. Although this succession was thought to be mostly Devonian until recently, a large part of it is in fact pre-Silurian in age.
Middle and Upper Cambrian rocks - the first confirmed in the western Brooks Range - occur in the northeastern quarter of the quadrangle, south of Mt. Angayukaqsraq. These rocks consist of massive marble that grades upward into thin-bedded metalimestone/dolostone couplets and contain pelagiellid mollusks, acrotretid brachiopods, and agnostids. Sedimentologic features and the Pefagiellas indicate a shallow-water depositional environment. Overlying these Cambrian rocks is a thin sequence of Lower arid Middle Ordovician metalimestone and phyllite containing graptolites and cool-water, mid-shelf to basinal conodonts. Upper Ordovician rocks in the Mt. Angayukaqsraq area are bioturbated to laminated dolostone containing conodonts of warm-, shallow-water biofacies.
In the Omar and Squirrel Rivers area to the west, the Lower Ordovician carbonate rocks are thicker and quite different in lithofacies and biofacies. These rocks are mainly dolostone with locally well-developed fenestral fabric and evaporite molds, and bioturbated to laminated orange- and gray-weathering dolomitic marble and metalimestone. Conodonts and sedimentary structures indicate deposition in restricted to normal marine, shallow to very shallow water platform environments.
Exposures of Upper Silurian rocks occur near Mi. Angayukaqsraq and on the middle fork of the Squirrel River, and consist mostly of thinly laminated dolomitic mudstones. Conodonts in these rocks indicate deposition in a somewhat restricted, shallow-water environment.
Devonian carbonate rocks are widely distributed in the western Baird Mountains quadrangle; at least two distinct sequences have been identified. In the Omar and Squirrel Rivers area, Lower and Middle Devonian dolostone, metalimestone and marble are locally cherty and rich in megafossils. To the north, in the Nakolik River area, Middle and Upper Devonian marble and metalimestone are interlayered with planar- to cross-laminated quartz-carbonate metasandstone and phyllite.
Baird Mountains carbonate rocks show some striking similarities in biofacies and lithofacies to lower Paleozoic carbonate rocks of the Seward Peninsula to the southwest and the central Brooks Range to the east.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Alaskan North Slope Geology, Volumes I and II (SEPM Book 50)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"The Pacific Section of the Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists and The Alaska geological Society","usgsCitation":"Dumoulin, J.A., and Harris, A.G., 1987, Lower Paleozoic carbonate rocks of the Baird Mountains quadrangle, western Brooks Range, Alaska, chap. of Alaskan North Slope Geology, Volumes I and II (SEPM Book 50), v. II, p. 311-336.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"311","endPage":"336","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341365,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":341364,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://archives.datapages.com/data/pac_sepm/066/066001/pdfs/311.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Baird Mountains quadrangle, Brooks Rainge","volume":"II","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"591c0fcfe4b0a7fdb43ddf1a","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Tailleur, Irvin L.","contributorId":105304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tailleur","given":"Irvin","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695375,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weimer, Paul","contributorId":107650,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Weimer","given":"Paul","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12430,"text":"University of Texas at Austin","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":695376,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Dumoulin, Julie A. 0000-0003-1754-1287 dumoulin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1754-1287","contributorId":203209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dumoulin","given":"Julie","email":"dumoulin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":695373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harris, Anita G.","contributorId":50162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"Anita","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70014217,"text":"70014217 - 1987 - Coal deposits of the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-24T01:12:26.417172","indexId":"70014217","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Coal deposits of the United States","docAbstract":"The coal fields of the Unites States can be divided into six major provinces. The Appalachian and Interior Provinces contain dominantly bituminous coal in strata of Pennsylvanian age. The coal seams are relatively thin and are mined both by surface and underground methods. Sulfyur content is low to moderate in the Appalachian Province, generally high in the Interior province. The Gulf Coastal Plain Province, in Texas and neighboring states, contains lignite of Eocene age. The seams are 3–25 ft (0.9–7.5 m) thick and are minded in large open pits. The Northern Great Plains Province has lignite and subbituminous coal of Cretaceous, Paleocene and Eocene age. The coal, largely very low in sulfur, occurs in beds up to 100 ft (30 m) thick and is strip-mined. The Rocky Mountain Province contains a great variety of coal deposits in numerous separate intermontane basins. Most of it is low-sulfur subbituminous to bituminous coal iof Creatceous and early Tertiary age. The seams range from a few feet to over 100 ft (30 m) thick. Strip-mining dominates but underground mines are important in Utah and Colorado. The Pacific Coast Province, which includes Alaska, contains enormous cola resources but has seen little mining. The coal is highly diverse in physical character and geologic setting.
Sidescan sonar has been used to delineate benthic feeding structures of the California gray whale ( Eschrichtius robustus ) and Pacific walrus ( Odobenus rosmarus divergens ) on the northeastern Bering Shelf. The gray whales (average mouth length, 2.0 m), when suction feeding on infaunal amphipods, create shallow pits in the sea floor, typically 2.5 m x 1.5 m x 10 cm deep, which are distinct and mappable on sidescan sonographs. Similarly, walrus, when foraging for shallow clams, create long, linear feeding furrows that average 47 x 0.4 x 0.1 m (length-width-depth). The distribution of the whale pits over 22,000 km 2 of the Bering Shelf closely matches 1) sightings of feeding whales identified by mud plumes; 2) the distribution of ampeliscid amphipods, the gray whale's main prey; and 3) the distribution of a transgressive inner-shelf fine sand that serves as a substrate for the amphipods. The walrus' furrows are recognized over 6,600 km 2 of variable muddier or coarser-grained substrate with clam-rich benthic communities that surround the fine sand substrate of whale feeding areas. The whale feeding pits are commonly enlarged and oriented by seasonal storm-related scour. Nonenlarged pits (less than 5.3 m 2 in area) form a discrete statistical population that we define as fresh . We estimate that a minimum of 5.6 percent (1,200 km 2 ) of the feeding area of the northeastern Bering Shelf (22,000 km 2 ) was covered by fresh pits made by whales during the 1980 feeding season. Assuming that the average pit depth is 10 cm, a minimum of 120 x 10 6 m 3 (172 x 10 6 metric tons) of sediment, equivalent to about three times the yearly sediment load of the Yukon River, is excavated and injected into the water column by as many as 16,000 gray whales feeding in northeastern Bering Sea each season. As a result of 1) sediment resuspension by whales, 2) average current speeds of 10.7 cm/s northward during the feeding season, and 3) enhanced post-feeding current scour because of bottom roughening, the following occur: the majority of the clay fraction (4.3 x 10 6 metric tons) of resuspended sediment is advected to the Chukchi Sea each year; sand gradually is transported northward and fills old feeding pits; modern mud does not accumulate in this region; and the whale-disturbed sand lacks physical sedimentary structures and matrix mud. Walrus feeding features are smaller, formed in higher-energy environments, and modified more rapidly than whale feeding pits. The amount of sediment reworking by walrus feeding may nearly equal that of whale feeding, but this cannot be quantified accurately.
Observations of three incidents of the mass mortality of nearshore fishes are reported; each corresponded to periods of high-amplitude, long-period swells during the 1982-1983 El Niño event along the coast of central California. Members of the nearshore kelp forest fish assemblage, primarily of the genus Sebastes, accounted for 96% of the observed mortalities and S. mystinus (blue rockfish) alone accounted for 72%.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF00002330","usgsCitation":"Bodkin, J.L., VanBlaricom, G.R., and Jameson, R.J., 1987, Mortalities of kelp-forest fishes associated with large oceanic waves off central California, 1982-1983: Environmental Biology of Fishes, v. 18, no. 1, p. 73-76, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00002330.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"73","endPage":"76","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131268,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","volume":"18","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b4752","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bodkin, James L. 0000-0003-1641-4438 jbodkin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1641-4438","contributorId":748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bodkin","given":"James","email":"jbodkin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":315884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"VanBlaricom, Glenn R. glennvb@usgs.gov","contributorId":3540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"VanBlaricom","given":"Glenn","email":"glennvb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":315886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jameson, Ronald J.","contributorId":17938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jameson","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70014183,"text":"70014183 - 1987 - Ice erosion of a sea-floor knickpoint at the inner edge of the stamukhi zone, Beaufort Sea, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-17T11:17:06.992235","indexId":"70014183","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ice erosion of a sea-floor knickpoint at the inner edge of the stamukhi zone, Beaufort Sea, Alaska","docAbstract":"A uranium deposit discovered in 1977 in western Alaska, by means of airborne radiometric data, is the largest known in Alaska on the basis of industry reserve estimates. At about latitude 65 degrees N, it is the most northerly known sandstone-type uranium deposit in the world. The deposit lies in Eocene continental sandstone near the eastern end of the Seward Peninsula, in the southern end of a graben that extends northward into the Death Valley depositional basin.The deposit is apparently of epigenetic and supergene origin. The uranium was derived from the Cretaceous granite of the Darby pluton that forms part of the western side of Death Valley. Uranium from primary mineralization is in the subsurface in a marginal facies of the Tertiary sedimentary basin where nearshore coarse clastic rocks are interbedded with coal and lacustrine clay. Primary mineralization occurred when uranium-bearing oxidizing ground water moved downdip from the pluton eastward through transmissive clastic beds or on the surface. Uranium was deposited where the coal or other carbonaceous material produced a reducing environment in arkosic host rocks. The supergene enrichment is related to a soil horizon at the present ground surface. The most common uranium mineral is meta-autunite, but cofflnite has been identified in the primary deposits. The host rocks for the primary deposits were partly covered by basalt flows that issued from nearby vents. Some of the basalt is highly altered, and some basalt float from the supergene zone has alteration rinds that are enriched in uranium.Extensive exploratory drilling took place from 1979 to 1981. The average grade of the potential ore is 0.27 percent U 3 O 8 and the average thickness is 3 m. The calculated reserves are 1,000,000 lbs U 3 O 8 ; additional drilling would probably add to this figure.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.82.6.1558","issn":"00130109","usgsCitation":"Dickinson, K.A., Cunningham, K.D., and Ager, T.A., 1987, Geology and origin of the Death Valley uranium deposit, Seward Peninsula, Alaska: Economic Geology, v. 82, no. 6, p. 1558-1574, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.82.6.1558.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"1558","endPage":"1574","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225498,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Seward Peninsula","volume":"82","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1987-10-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1451e4b0c8380cd549d1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dickinson, Kendell A.","contributorId":55430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dickinson","given":"Kendell","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cunningham, Kenneth D.","contributorId":99707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cunningham","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ager, Thomas A. 0000-0002-5029-7581 tager@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5029-7581","contributorId":736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ager","given":"Thomas","email":"tager@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":367945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}