{"pageNumber":"285","pageRowStart":"7100","pageSize":"25","recordCount":16506,"records":[{"id":70029690,"text":"70029690 - 2005 - Estimating discharge in rivers using remotely sensed hydraulic information","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:07","indexId":"70029690","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating discharge in rivers using remotely sensed hydraulic information","docAbstract":"A methodology to estimate in-bank river discharge exclusively from remotely sensed hydraulic data is developed. Water-surface width and maximum channel width measured from 26 aerial and digital orthophotos of 17 single channel rivers and 41 SAR images of three braided rivers were coupled with channel slope data obtained from topographic maps to estimate the discharge. The standard error of the discharge estimates were within a factor of 1.5-2 (50-100%) of the observed, with the mean estimate accuracy within 10%. This level of accuracy was achieved using calibration functions developed from observed discharge. The calibration functions use reach specific geomorphic variables, the maximum channel width and the channel slope, to predict a correction factor. The calibration functions are related to channel type. Surface velocity and width information, obtained from a single C-band image obtained by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory's (JPL's) AirSAR was also used to estimate discharge for a reach of the Missouri River. Without using a calibration function, the estimate accuracy was +72% of the observed discharge, which is within the expected range of uncertainty for the method. However, using the observed velocity to calibrate the initial estimate improved the estimate accuracy to within +10% of the observed. Remotely sensed discharge estimates with accuracies reported in this paper could be useful for regional or continental scale hydrologic studies, or in regions where ground-based data is lacking. ?? 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2004.11.022","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Bjerklie, D., Moller, D., Smith, L., and Dingman, S., 2005, Estimating discharge in rivers using remotely sensed hydraulic information: Journal of Hydrology, v. 309, no. 1-4, p. 191-209, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2004.11.022.","startPage":"191","endPage":"209","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212677,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2004.11.022"},{"id":240201,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"309","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0b16e4b0c8380cd5256e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bjerklie, D.M.","contributorId":68923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bjerklie","given":"D.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moller, D.","contributorId":47585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moller","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, L.C.","contributorId":88561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"L.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dingman, S.L.","contributorId":46720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dingman","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70029679,"text":"70029679 - 2005 - Seed storage conditions change the germination pattern of clonal growth plants in Mediterranean salt marshes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-09-16T10:18:07","indexId":"70029679","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":724,"text":"American Journal of Botany","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seed storage conditions change the germination pattern of clonal growth plants in Mediterranean salt marshes","docAbstract":"<p><span>The effect of salinity level and extended exposure to different salinity and flooding conditions on germination patterns of three salt‐marsh clonal growth plants (</span><i>Juncus subulatus</i><span>,&nbsp;</span><i>Scirpus litoralis</i><span>, and&nbsp;</span><i>S. maritimus</i><span>) was studied. Seed exposure to extended flooding and saline conditions significantly affected the outcome of the germination process in a different, though predictable, way for each species, after favorable conditions for germination were restored. Tolerance of the germination process was related to the average salinity level measured during the growth/germination season at sites where established individuals of each species dominated the species cover. No relationship was found between salinity tolerance of the germination process and seed response to extended exposure to flooding and salinity conditions. The salinity response was significantly related to the conditions prevailing in the habitats of the respective species during the unfavorable (nongrowth/nongermination) season. Our results indicate that changes in salinity and hydrology while seeds are dormant affect the outcome of the seed‐bank response, even when conditions at germination are identical. Because these environmental‐history‐dependent responses differentially affect seed germination, seedling density, and probably sexual recruitment in the studied and related species, these influences should be considered for wetland restoration and management.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.3732/ajb.92.7.1094","issn":"00029122","usgsCitation":"Espinar, J.L., Garcia, L.V., and Clemente, L., 2005, Seed storage conditions change the germination pattern of clonal growth plants in Mediterranean salt marshes: American Journal of Botany, v. 92, no. 7, p. 1094-1101, https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.92.7.1094.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1094","endPage":"1101","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477784,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.92.7.1094","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":240574,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Spain","otherGeospatial":"Doñana National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -6.1887359619140625,\n              37.01214838530321\n            ],\n            [\n              -5.937767028808594,\n              37.01214838530321\n            ],\n            [\n              -5.937767028808594,\n              37.112145754751516\n            ],\n            [\n              -6.1887359619140625,\n              37.112145754751516\n            ],\n            [\n              -6.1887359619140625,\n              37.01214838530321\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"92","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8ac8e4b08c986b317392","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Espinar, J. L.","contributorId":45105,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Espinar","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Garcia, L. V.","contributorId":37137,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Garcia","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clemente, L.","contributorId":58103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clemente","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70029676,"text":"70029676 - 2005 - Outflow channel sources, reactivation, and chaos formation, Xanthe Terra, Mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:05","indexId":"70029676","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Outflow channel sources, reactivation, and chaos formation, Xanthe Terra, Mars","docAbstract":"The undulating, warped, and densely fractured surfaces of highland regions east of Valles Marineris (located north of the eastern Aureum Chaos, east of the Hydraotes Chaos, and south of the Hydaspis Chaos) resulted from extensional surface warping related to ground subsidence, caused when pressurized water confined in subterranean caverns was released to the surface. Water emanations formed crater lakes and resulted in channeling episodes involved in the excavation of Ares, Tiu, and Simud Valles of the eastern part of the circum-Chryse outflow channel system. Progressive surface subsidence and associated reduction of the subsurface cavernous volume, and/or episodes of magmatic-driven activity, led to increases of the hydrostatic pressure, resulting in reactivation of both catastrophic and non-catastrophic outflow activity. Ancient cratered highland and basin materials that underwent large-scale subsidence grade into densely fractured terrains. Collapse of rock materials in these regions resulted in the formation of chaotic terrains, which occur in and near the headwaters of the eastern circum-Chryse outflow channels. The deepest chaotic terrain in the Hydaspis Chaos region resulted from the collapse of pre-existing outflow channel floors. The release of volatiles and related collapse may have included water emanations not necessarily linked to catastrophic outflow. Basal warming related to dike intrusions, thermokarst activity involving wet sediments and/or dissected ice-enriched country rock, permafrost exposed to the atmosphere by extensional tectonism and channel incision, and/or the injection of water into porous floor material, may have enhanced outflow channel floor instability and subsequent collapse. In addition to the possible genetic linkage to outflow channel development dating back to at least the Late Noachian, clear disruption of impact craters with pristine ejecta blankets and rims, as well as preservation of fine tectonic fabrics, suggest that plateau subsidence and chaos formation may have continued well into the Amazonian Period. The geologic and paleohydrologic histories presented here have important implications, as new mechanisms for outflow channel formation and other fluvial activity are described, and new reactivation mechanisms are proposed for the origin of chaotic terrain as contributors to flooding. Detailed geomorphic analysis indicates that subterranean caverns may have been exposed during chaos formation, and thus chaotic terrains mark prime locations for future geologic, hydrologic, and possible astrobiologic exploration. ?? 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Icarus","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.icarus.2004.10.025","issn":"00191035","usgsCitation":"Rodriguez, J., Sasaki, S., Kuzmin, R., Dohm, J.M., Tanaka, K.L., Miyamoto, H., Kurita, K., Komatsu, G., Fairen, A., and Ferris, J., 2005, Outflow channel sources, reactivation, and chaos formation, Xanthe Terra, Mars: Icarus, v. 175, no. 1, p. 36-57, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2004.10.025.","startPage":"36","endPage":"57","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212942,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2004.10.025"},{"id":240511,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"175","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a71bbe4b0c8380cd76728","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rodriguez, J.A.P.","contributorId":55948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodriguez","given":"J.A.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sasaki, S.","contributorId":78534,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sasaki","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kuzmin, R.O.","contributorId":14932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuzmin","given":"R.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dohm, J. M.","contributorId":102150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dohm","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tanaka, K. L.","contributorId":31394,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tanaka","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Miyamoto, H.","contributorId":56831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miyamoto","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kurita, K.","contributorId":31583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kurita","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Komatsu, G.","contributorId":35913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Komatsu","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Fairen, A.G.","contributorId":25335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fairen","given":"A.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Ferris, J.C.","contributorId":13731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferris","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70029666,"text":"70029666 - 2005 - Effects of urban development in the Puget Lowland, Washington, on interannual streamflow patterns: Consequences for channel form and streambed disturbance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T16:12:36","indexId":"70029666","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of urban development in the Puget Lowland, Washington, on interannual streamflow patterns: Consequences for channel form and streambed disturbance","docAbstract":"<p><span>Recovery and protection of streams in urban areas depend on a comprehensive understanding of how human activities affect stream ecosystems. The hydrologic effects of urban development and the consequences for stream channel form and streambed stability were examined in 16 streams in the Puget Lowland, Washington, using three streamflow metrics that integrate storm‐scale effects of urban development over annual to decadal timescales: the fraction of time that streamflow exceeds the mean streamflow (T</span><sub>Qmean</sub><span>), the coefficient of variation of annual maximum streamflow (CV</span><sub>AMF</sub><span>), and the fraction of time that streamflow exceeds the 0.5‐year flood (T</span><sub>0.5</sub><span>). Urban streams had low interannual variability in annual maximum streamflow and brief duration of frequent high flows, as indicated by significant correlations between road density and both CV</span><sub>AMF</sub><span>and T</span><sub>0.5</sub><span>. The broader distribution of streamflow indicated by T</span><sub>Qmean</sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>may be affected by urban development, but differences in T</span><sub>Qmean</sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>between streams are also likely a result of other physiographic factors. The increase in the magnitude of frequent high flows due to urban development but not their cumulative duration has important consequences for channel form and bed stability in gravel bed streams because geomorphic equilibrium depends on moderate duration streamflow (e.g., exceeded 10% of the time). Streams with low values of T</span><sub>Qmean</sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>and T</span><sub>0.5</sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>are narrower than expected from hydraulic geometry. Dimensionless boundary shear stress (t*) for the 0.5‐year flood was inversely related to T</span><sub>0.5</sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>among the streams, indicating frequent and extensive bed disturbance in streams with low values of T</span><sub>0.5</sub><span>. Although stream channels expand and the size of bed material increases in response to urban streamflow patterns, these adjustments may be insufficient to reestablish the disturbance regime in urban streams because of the differential increase in the magnitude of frequent high flows causing disturbance relative to any changes in longer duration, moderate flows that establish a stable channel.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2005WR004097","usgsCitation":"Konrad, C.P., Booth, D.B., and Burges, S.J., 2005, Effects of urban development in the Puget Lowland, Washington, on interannual streamflow patterns: Consequences for channel form and streambed disturbance: Water Resources Research, v. 41, no. 7, Article W07009; 15 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2005WR004097.","productDescription":"Article W07009; 15 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240339,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-07-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0820e4b0c8380cd519b5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Konrad, Christopher P. 0000-0002-7354-547X cpkonrad@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7354-547X","contributorId":1716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Konrad","given":"Christopher","email":"cpkonrad@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":423732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Booth, Derek B.","contributorId":100873,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Booth","given":"Derek","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":6934,"text":"University of Washington","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":423733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burges, Stephen J.","contributorId":8567,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burges","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70029662,"text":"70029662 - 2005 - Temporal analysis of the frequency and duration of low and high streamflow: Years of record needed to characterize streamflow variability","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:06","indexId":"70029662","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Temporal analysis of the frequency and duration of low and high streamflow: Years of record needed to characterize streamflow variability","docAbstract":"A temporal analysis of the number and duration of exceedences of high- and low-flow thresholds was conducted to determine the number of years required to detect a level shift using data from Virginia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Two methods were used - ordinary least squares assuming a known error variance and generalized least squares without a known error variance. Using ordinary least squares, the mean number of years required to detect a one standard deviation level shift in measures of low-flow variability was 57.2 (28.6 on either side of the break), compared to 40.0 years for measures of high-flow variability. These means become 57.6 and 41.6 when generalized least squares is used. No significant relations between years and elevation or drainage area were detected (P>0.05). Cluster analysis did not suggest geographic patterns in years related to physiography or major hydrologic regions. Referring to the number of observations required to detect a one standard deviation shift as 'characterizing' the variability, it appears that at least 20 years of record on either side of a shift may be necessary to adequately characterize high-flow variability. A longer streamflow record (about 30 years on either side) may be required to characterize low-flow variability. ?? 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2004.12.008","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Huh, S., Dickey, D., Meador, M.R., and Ruhl, K., 2005, Temporal analysis of the frequency and duration of low and high streamflow: Years of record needed to characterize streamflow variability: Journal of Hydrology, v. 310, no. 1-4, p. 78-94, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2004.12.008.","startPage":"78","endPage":"94","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":240303,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212767,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2004.12.008"}],"volume":"310","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba4e0e4b08c986b320644","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Huh, S.","contributorId":63623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huh","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dickey, D.A.","contributorId":55212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dickey","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Meador, M. R.","contributorId":74400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meador","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ruhl, K.E.","contributorId":92869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruhl","given":"K.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70029660,"text":"70029660 - 2005 - Widespread detection of N, N-diethyl-m-toluamide in U.S. streams: Comparison with concentrations of pesticides, personal care products, and other organic wastewater compounds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-27T14:46:10.989349","indexId":"70029660","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Widespread detection of <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>-diethyl-<i>m</i>-toluamide in U.S. streams: Comparison with concentrations of pesticides, personal care products, and other organic wastewater compounds","title":"Widespread detection of N, N-diethyl-m-toluamide in U.S. streams: Comparison with concentrations of pesticides, personal care products, and other organic wastewater compounds","docAbstract":"<p>One of the most frequently detected organic chemicals in a nationwide study concerning the effects of wastewater on stream water quality conducted in the year 2000 was the widely used insect repellant <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>-diethyl-<i>m</i>-toluamide (DEET). It was detected at levels of 0.02 &mu;g/L or greater in 73% of the stream sites sampled, with the selection of sampling sites being biased toward streams thought to be subject to wastewater contamination (i.e., downstream from intense urbanization and livestock production). Although DEET frequently was detected at all sites, the median concentration was low (0.05 &mu;g/L). The highest concentrations of DEET were found in streams from the urban areas (maximum concentration, 1.1 &mu;g/L). The results of the present study suggest that the movement of DEET to streams through wastewater-treatment systems is an important mechanism that might lead to the exposure of aquatic organisms to this chemical.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1897/04-297R.1","usgsCitation":"Sandstrom, M.W., Kolpin, D., Thurman, E., and Zaugg, S., 2005, Widespread detection of N, N-diethyl-m-toluamide in U.S. streams: Comparison with concentrations of pesticides, personal care products, and other organic wastewater compounds: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 24, no. 5, p. 1029-1034, https://doi.org/10.1897/04-297R.1.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1029","endPage":"1034","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology 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,{"id":70031268,"text":"70031268 - 2005 - Small-scale, hydrogen-oxidizing-denitrifying bioreactor for treatment of nitrate-contaminated drinking water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-05T09:05:18","indexId":"70031268","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3716,"text":"Water Research","onlineIssn":"1879-2448","printIssn":"0043-1354","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Small-scale, hydrogen-oxidizing-denitrifying bioreactor for treatment of nitrate-contaminated drinking water","docAbstract":"Nitrate removal by hydrogen-coupled denitrification was examined using flow-through, packed-bed bioreactors to develop a small-scale, cost effective system for treating nitrate-contaminated drinking-water supplies. Nitrate removal was accomplished using a Rhodocyclus sp., strain HOD 5, isolated from a sole-source drinking-water aquifer. The autotrophic capacity of the purple non-sulfur photosynthetic bacterium made it particularly adept for this purpose. Initial tests used a commercial bioreactor filled with glass beads and countercurrent, non-sterile flow of an autotrophic, air-saturated, growth medium and hydrogen gas. Complete removal of 2 mM nitrate was achieved for more than 300 days of operation at a 2-h retention time. A low-cost hydrogen generator/bioreactor system was then constructed from readily available materials as a water treatment approach using the Rhodocyclus strain. After initial tests with the growth medium, the constructed system was tested using nitrate-amended drinking water obtained from fractured granite and sandstone aquifers, with moderate and low TDS loads, respectively. Incomplete nitrate removal was evident in both water types, with high-nitrite concentrations in the bioreactor output, due to a pH increase, which inhibited nitrite reduction. This was rectified by including carbon dioxide in the hydrogen stream. Additionally, complete nitrate removal was accomplished with wastewater-impacted surface water, with a concurrent decrease in dissolved organic carbon. The results of this study using three chemically distinct water supplies demonstrate that hydrogen-coupled denitrification can serve as the basis for small-scale remediation and that pilot-scale testing might be the next logical step.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2005.03.024","issn":"00431354","usgsCitation":"Smith, R.L., Buckwalter, S., Repert, D., and Miller, D., 2005, Small-scale, hydrogen-oxidizing-denitrifying bioreactor for treatment of nitrate-contaminated drinking water: Water Research, v. 39, no. 10, p. 2014-2023, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2005.03.024.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"2014","endPage":"2023","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":239881,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212402,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2005.03.024"}],"volume":"39","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b919ae4b08c986b3199c7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, R. L.","contributorId":93904,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":430833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Buckwalter, S.P.","contributorId":9860,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buckwalter","given":"S.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Repert, D.A.","contributorId":78506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Repert","given":"D.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Miller, D.N.","contributorId":36324,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"D.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70029657,"text":"70029657 - 2005 - Incorporating seepage losses into the unsteady streamflow equations for simulating intermittent flow along mountain front streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-05T08:05:57","indexId":"70029657","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Incorporating seepage losses into the unsteady streamflow equations for simulating intermittent flow along mountain front streams","docAbstract":"<p><span>Seepage losses along numerous mountain front streams that discharge intermittently onto alluvial fans and piedmont alluvial plains are an important source of groundwater in the Basin and Range Province of the Western United States. Determining the distribution of seepage loss along mountain front streams is important when assessing groundwater resources of the region. Seepage loss along a mountain front stream in northern Nevada was evaluated using a one‐dimensional unsteady streamflow model. Seepage loss was incorporated into the spatial derivatives of the streamflow equations. Because seepage loss from streams is dependent on stream depth, wetted perimeter, and streambed properties, a two‐dimensional variably saturated flow model was used to develop a series of relations between seepage loss and stream depth for each reach. This method works when streams are separated from groundwater by variably saturated sediment. Two periods of intermittent flow were simulated to evaluate the modeling approach. The model reproduced measured flow and seepage losses along the channel. Seepage loss in the spring of 2000 was limited to the upper reaches on the alluvial plain and totaled 196,000 m</span><sup>3</sup><span>, whereas 64% of the seepage loss in the spring of 2004 occurred at the base of the alluvial plain and totaled 273,000 m</span><sup>3</sup><span>. A greater seepage loss at the base of the piedmont alluvial plain is attributed to increased streambed hydraulic conductivity caused by less armoring of the channel. The modeling approach provides a method for quantifying and distributing seepage loss along mountain front streams that cross alluvial fans or piedmont alluvial plains.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/2004WR003677","issn":"00431397","usgsCitation":"Niswonger, R., Prudic, D.E., Pohll, G., and Constantz, J., 2005, Incorporating seepage losses into the unsteady streamflow equations for simulating intermittent flow along mountain front streams: Water Resources Research, v. 41, no. 6, p. 1-16, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004WR003677.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"16","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":486798,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2004wr003677","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":240199,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-06-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a39eae4b0c8380cd61aa3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Niswonger, R.G.","contributorId":103393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Niswonger","given":"R.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Prudic, David E. deprudic@usgs.gov","contributorId":3430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prudic","given":"David","email":"deprudic@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":423665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pohll, G.","contributorId":25362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pohll","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Constantz, J.","contributorId":29953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Constantz","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70029644,"text":"70029644 - 2005 - Transmission of atmospherically derived trace elements through an undeveloped, forested Maryland watershed","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-31T10:14:56","indexId":"70029644","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3728,"text":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","onlineIssn":"1573-2932","printIssn":"0049-6979","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Transmission of atmospherically derived trace elements through an undeveloped, forested Maryland watershed","docAbstract":"<p class=\"Para\">The transmission of atmospherically derived trace elements (Al, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn) was evaluated in a small, undeveloped, forested watershed located in north-central Maryland. Atmospheric input was determined for wet-only and vegetative throughfall components. Annual throughfall fluxes were significantly enriched over incident precipitation for most elements, although some elements exhibited evidence of canopy release (Mn) or preferential uptake (As, Cr, and Se). Stream export was gauged based on systematic sampling under varied flow regimes. Particle loading appears to contribute significantly to watershed export (&gt; 10%) for only As, Pb, and Fe, and then only during large precipitation/runoff events. The degree of watershed transmission for each trace element was evaluated based on a comparison of total, net atmospheric input (throughfall) to stream export over an annual hydrologic cycle. This comparison indicates that the atmospheric input of some elements (Al, Cd, Ni, Zn) is effectively transmitted through the watershed, but other elements (Pb, As, Se, Fe, Cr, Cu) appear to be strongly sequestered, in the respective orders noted. Results suggest that precipitation and subsequent soil pH are the primary factors that determine the mobility of sequestered trace element phases.</p><p class=\"Para\">To further resolve primary atmospheric and secondary weathering components, the geochemical model NETPATH was applied. Results indicate that minerals dissolved include chlorite, plagioclase feldspar, epidote, and potassium feldspar; phases formed were kaolinite, pyrite, and silica. The model also indicates that weathering processes contribute negligible amounts of trace elements to stream export, indicative of the unreactive orthoquartzite bedrock lithology underlying the watershed. Thus, the stream export of trace elements primarily reflects atmospheric deposition to the local watershed.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s11270-005-8135-5","issn":"00496979","usgsCitation":"Scudlark, J., Rice, K.C., Conko, K.M., Bricker, O.P., and Church, T., 2005, Transmission of atmospherically derived trace elements through an undeveloped, forested Maryland watershed: Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, v. 163, no. 1, p. 53-79, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-005-8135-5.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"53","endPage":"79","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240571,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -77.7777099609375,\n              39.32155002466662\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.7777099609375,\n              39.70296052957233\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.32040405273436,\n              39.70296052957233\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.32040405273436,\n              39.32155002466662\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.7777099609375,\n              39.32155002466662\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"163","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb729e4b08c986b3270c0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scudlark, J.R.","contributorId":86952,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scudlark","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rice, Karen C. 0000-0002-9356-5443 kcrice@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9356-5443","contributorId":1998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"Karen","email":"kcrice@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":423610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Conko, Kathryn M. 0000-0001-6361-4921 kmconko@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6361-4921","contributorId":2930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conko","given":"Kathryn","email":"kmconko@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":423609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bricker, Owen P.","contributorId":25142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bricker","given":"Owen","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Church, T.M.","contributorId":18581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Church","given":"T.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70029643,"text":"70029643 - 2005 - Microbiology: A microbial arsenic cycle in a salt-saturated, extreme environment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-05T09:33:30","indexId":"70029643","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Microbiology: A microbial arsenic cycle in a salt-saturated, extreme environment","docAbstract":"Searles Lake is a salt-saturated, alkaline brine unusually rich in the toxic element arsenic. Arsenic speciation changed from arsenate [As(V)] to arsenite [As(III)] with sediment depth. Incubated anoxic sediment slurries displayed dissimilatory As(V)-reductase activity that was markedly stimulated by H2 or sulfide, whereas aerobic slurries had rapid As(III)-oxidase activity. An anaerobic, extremely haloalkaliphilic bacterium was isolated from the sediment that grew via As(V) respiration, using either lactate or sulfide as its electron donor. Hence, a full biogeochemical cycle of arsenic occurs in Searles Lake, driven in part by inorganic electron donors.","language":"English","publisher":"AAAS","doi":"10.1126/science.1110832","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Oremland, R., Kulp, T., Blum, J., Hoeft, S., Baesman, S., Miller, L., and Stolz, J., 2005, Microbiology: A microbial arsenic cycle in a salt-saturated, extreme environment: Science, v. 308, no. 5726, p. 1305-1308, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1110832.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1305","endPage":"1308","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240542,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212970,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1110832"}],"volume":"308","issue":"5726","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a566be4b0c8380cd6d5a4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Oremland, R.S.","contributorId":97512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oremland","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kulp, T.R.","contributorId":33032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kulp","given":"T.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blum, J.S.","contributorId":105070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blum","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hoeft, S.E.","contributorId":24479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoeft","given":"S.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Baesman, S.","contributorId":91304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baesman","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Miller, L.G.","contributorId":32522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"L.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Stolz, J.F.","contributorId":94022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stolz","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70029638,"text":"70029638 - 2005 - Development of a solenoid pumped in situ zinc analyzer for environmental monitoring","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-05T10:35:58","indexId":"70029638","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":760,"text":"Analytica Chimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Development of a solenoid pumped in situ zinc analyzer for environmental monitoring","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id11\" class=\"abstract author\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id12\"><p id=\"simple-para.0055\"><span>A battery powered submersible chemical analyzer, the Zn-DigiScan (Zn Digital Submersible Chemical Analyzer), has been developed for near real-time, in situ monitoring of&nbsp;zinc&nbsp;in aquatic systems.&nbsp;Microprocessor&nbsp;controlled solenoid pumps propel sample and carrier through an&nbsp;anion exchange&nbsp;column to separate zinc from interferences, add&nbsp;colorimetric reagents, and propel the reaction complex through a simple photometric detector. The Zn-DigiScan is capable of self-calibration with periodic injections of standards and blanks. The detection limit with this approach was 30</span>&nbsp;μg&nbsp;L<sup>−1</sup>. Precision was 5–10% relative standard deviation (R.S.D.) below 100&nbsp;μg&nbsp;L<sup>−1</sup>, improving to 1% R.S.D. at 1000&nbsp;μg&nbsp;L<sup>−1</sup>. The linear range extended from 30 to 3000&nbsp;μg&nbsp;L<sup>−1</sup><span>. In situ field results were in agreement with samples analyzed by&nbsp;inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry&nbsp;(ICPMS). This pump technology is quite versatile and colorimetric methods with complex online manipulations such as column reduction,&nbsp;preconcentration, and dilution can be performed with the DigiScan. However, long-term field deployments in shallow&nbsp;high altitude&nbsp;streams were hampered by air&nbsp;bubble formation&nbsp;in the photometric detector.</span></p></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.aca.2005.04.046","issn":"00032670","usgsCitation":"Chapin, T., and Wanty, R., 2005, Development of a solenoid pumped in situ zinc analyzer for environmental monitoring: Analytica Chimica Acta, v. 543, no. 1-2, p. 199-208, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2005.04.046.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"199","endPage":"208","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240474,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212909,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2005.04.046"}],"volume":"543","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0043e4b0c8380cd4f692","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chapin, T.P. 0000-0001-6587-0734","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6587-0734","contributorId":24142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapin","given":"T.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wanty, R. B. 0000-0002-2063-6423","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2063-6423","contributorId":66704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wanty","given":"R. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70029633,"text":"70029633 - 2005 - Identifying calcium sources at an acid deposition-impacted spruce forest: A strontium isotope, alkaline earth element multi-tracer approach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-05T10:22:23","indexId":"70029633","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1007,"text":"Biogeochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Identifying calcium sources at an acid deposition-impacted spruce forest: A strontium isotope, alkaline earth element multi-tracer approach","docAbstract":"<p class=\"Para\">Depletion of calcium from forest soils has important implications for forest productivity and health. Ca is available to fine feeder roots from a number of soil organic and mineral sources, but identifying the primary source or changes of sources in response to environmental change is problematic. We used strontium isotope and alkaline earth element concentration ratios of trees and soils to discern the record of Ca sources for red spruce at a base-poor, acid deposition-impacted watershed. We measured<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>87</sup>Sr/<sup>86</sup>Sr and chemical compositions of cross-sectional stemwood cores of red spruce, other spruce tissues and sequential extracts of co-located soil samples.<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>87</sup>Sr/<sup>86</sup>Sr and Sr/Ba ratios together provide a tracer of alkaline earth element sources that distinguishes the plant-available fraction of the shallow organic soils from those of deeper organic and mineral soils. Ca/Sr ratios proved less diagnostic, due to within-tree processes that fractionate these elements from each other. Over the growth period from 1870 to 1960,<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>87</sup>Sr/<sup>86</sup>Sr and Sr/Ba ratios of stemwood samples became progressively more variable and on average trended toward values that considered together are characteristic of the uppermost forest floor. In detail the stemwood chemistry revealed an episode of simultaneous enhanced uptake of all alkaline earth elements during the growth period from 1930 to 1960, coincident with reported local and regional increases in atmospheric inputs of inorganic acidity. We attribute the temporal trends in stemwood chemistry to progressive shallowing of the effective depth of alkaline earth element uptake by fine roots over this growth period, due to preferential concentration of fine roots in the upper forest floor coupled with reduced nutrient uptake by roots in the lower organic and upper mineral soils in response to acid-induced aluminum toxicity. Although both increased atmospheric deposition and selective weathering of Ca-rich minerals such as apatite provide possible alternative explanations of aspects of the observed trends, the chemical buffering capacity of the forest floor-biomass pool limits their effectiveness as causal mechanisms.</p><div class=\"KeywordGroup\" lang=\"en\"><br data-mce-bogus=\"1\"></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10533-004-2619-z","issn":"01682563","usgsCitation":"Bullen, T., and Bailey, S., 2005, Identifying calcium sources at an acid deposition-impacted spruce forest: A strontium isotope, alkaline earth element multi-tracer approach: Biogeochemistry, v. 74, no. 1, p. 63-99, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-004-2619-z.","productDescription":"37 p.","startPage":"63","endPage":"99","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240373,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212826,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10533-004-2619-z"}],"volume":"74","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a384ae4b0c8380cd614f9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bullen, T.D.","contributorId":79911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bullen","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bailey, S.W.","contributorId":29113,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bailey","given":"S.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70029626,"text":"70029626 - 2005 - Heat as a tracer to estimate dissolved organic carbon flux from a restored wetland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-31T10:25:20","indexId":"70029626","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Heat as a tracer to estimate dissolved organic carbon flux from a restored wetland","docAbstract":"<div class=\"abstract-group\"><div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p>Heat was used as a natural tracer to characterize shallow ground water flow beneath a complex wetland system. Hydrogeologic data were combined with measured vertical temperature profiles to constrain a series of two‐dimensional, transient simulations of ground water flow and heat transport using the model code SUTRA (<span><a class=\"bibLink tab-link\" href=\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2005.0055.x#b63\" data-tab=\"pane-pcw-references\" data-mce-href=\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2005.0055.x#b63\">Voss 1990</a></span>). The measured seasonal temperature signal reached depths of 2.7 m beneath the pond. Hydraulic conductivity was varied in each of the layers in the model in a systematic manual calibration of the two‐dimensional model to obtain the best fit to the measured temperature and hydraulic head. Results of a series of representative best‐fit simulations represent a range in hydraulic conductivity values that had the best agreement between simulated and observed temperatures and that resulted in simulated pond seepage values within 1 order of magnitude of pond seepage estimated from the water budget. Resulting estimates of ground water discharge to an adjacent agricultural drainage ditch were used to estimate potential dissolved organic carbon (DOC) loads resulting from the restored wetland. Estimated DOC loads ranged from 45 to 1340 g C/(m<sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>year), which is higher than estimated DOC loads from surface water. In spite of the complexity in characterizing ground water flow in peat soils, using heat as a tracer provided a constrained estimate of subsurface flow from the pond to the agricultural drainage ditch.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2005.0055.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Burow, K., Constantz, J., and Fujii, R., 2005, Heat as a tracer to estimate dissolved organic carbon flux from a restored wetland: Ground Water, v. 43, no. 4, p. 545-556, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2005.0055.x.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"545","endPage":"556","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":237461,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210518,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2005.0055.x"}],"volume":"43","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-07-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2fe6e4b0c8380cd5d1b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burow, K.R. 0000-0001-6006-6667","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6006-6667","contributorId":48283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burow","given":"K.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Constantz, J.","contributorId":29953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Constantz","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fujii, R.","contributorId":32278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fujii","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70029622,"text":"70029622 - 2005 - Climate anomalies generate an exceptional dinoflagellate bloom in San Francisco Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-31T09:52:54","indexId":"70029622","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Climate anomalies generate an exceptional dinoflagellate bloom in San Francisco Bay","docAbstract":"<p><span>We describe a large dinoflagellate bloom, unprecedented in nearly three decades of observation, that developed in San Francisco Bay (SFB) during September 2004. SFB is highly enriched in nutrients but has low summer‐autumn algal biomass because wind stress and tidally induced bottom stress produce a well mixed and light‐limited pelagic habitat. The bloom coincided with calm winds and record high air temperatures that stratified the water column and suppressed mixing long enough for motile dinoflagellates to grow and accumulate in surface waters. This event‐scale climate pattern, produced by an upper‐atmosphere high‐pressure anomaly off the U.S. west coast, followed a summer of weak coastal upwelling and high dinoflagellate biomass in coastal waters that apparently seeded the SFB bloom. This event suggests that some red tides are responses to changes in local physical dynamics that are driven by large‐scale atmospheric processes and operate over both the event scale of biomass growth and the antecedent seasonal scale that shapes the bloom community.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/2005GL023321","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Cloern, J., Schraga, T., Lopez, C., Knowles, N., Grover, L.R., and Dugdale, R., 2005, Climate anomalies generate an exceptional dinoflagellate bloom in San Francisco Bay: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 32, no. 14, p. 1-5, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GL023321.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"5","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477947,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2005gl023321","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":237390,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210465,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2005GL023321"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","volume":"32","issue":"14","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-07-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f649e4b0c8380cd4c676","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cloern, J. E.","contributorId":59453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cloern","given":"J. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schraga, T.S.","contributorId":107480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schraga","given":"T.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lopez, C.B.","contributorId":67700,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lopez","given":"C.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Knowles, N.","contributorId":61212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knowles","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Grover, Labiosa R.","contributorId":19361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grover","given":"Labiosa","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dugdale, R.","contributorId":95257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dugdale","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70029620,"text":"70029620 - 2005 - Disturbance frequency and community structure in a twenty-five year intervention study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:47","indexId":"70029620","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2932,"text":"Oecologia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Disturbance frequency and community structure in a twenty-five year intervention study","docAbstract":"Models of community regulation commonly incorporate gradients of disturbance inversely related to the role of biotic interactions in regulating intermediate trophic levels. Higher trophic-level organisms are predicted to be more strongly limited by intermediate levels of disturbance than are the organisms they consume. We used a manipulation of the frequency of hydrological disturbance in an intervention analysis to examine its effects on small-fish communities in the Everglades, USA. From 1978 to 2002, we monitored fishes at one long-hydroperiod (average 350 days) and at one short-hydroperiod (average 259 days; monitoring started here in 1985) site. At a third site, managers intervened in 1985 to diminish the frequency and duration of marsh drying. By the late 1990s, the successional dynamics of density and relative abundance at the intervention site converged on those of the long-hydroperiod site. Community change was manifested over 3 to 5 years following a dry-down if a site remained inundated; the number of days since the most recent drying event and length of the preceding dry period were useful for predicting population dynamics. Community dissimilarity was positively correlated with the time since last dry. Community dynamics resulted from change in the relative abundance of three groups of species linked by life-history responses to drought. Drought frequency and intensity covaried in response to hydrological manipulation at the landscape scale; community-level successional dynamics converged on a relatively small range of species compositions when drought return-time extended beyond 4 years. The density of small fishes increased with diminution of drought frequency, consistent with disturbance-limited community structure; less-frequent drying than experienced in this study (i.e., longer return times) yields predator-dominated regulation of small-fish communities in some parts of the Everglades. ?? Springer-Verlag 2005.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Oecologia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00442-005-0094-4","issn":"00298549","usgsCitation":"Trexler, J., Loftus, W., and Perry, S., 2005, Disturbance frequency and community structure in a twenty-five year intervention study: Oecologia, v. 145, no. 1, p. 140-152, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-005-0094-4.","startPage":"140","endPage":"152","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210877,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00442-005-0094-4"},{"id":237934,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"145","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-07-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a032de4b0c8380cd50397","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Trexler, J.C.","contributorId":23108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trexler","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Loftus, W.F.","contributorId":29363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loftus","given":"W.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Perry, S.","contributorId":70340,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70029616,"text":"70029616 - 2005 - Speciation and transport of newly deposited mercury in a boreal forest wetland: A stable mercury isotope approach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-31T07:27:04","indexId":"70029616","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Speciation and transport of newly deposited mercury in a boreal forest wetland: A stable mercury isotope approach","docAbstract":"<p><span>As part of the Mercury Experiment to Assess Atmospheric Loadings in Canada and the United States (METAALICUS) the fate and transport of contemporary mercury (Hg) deposition in a boreal wetland was investigated using an experimentally applied stable mercury isotope. We applied high purity (99.2% ± 0.1)&nbsp;</span><sup>202</sup><span>Hg(II) to a wetland plot to determine if (1) the<span>&nbsp;</span></span><sup>202</sup><span>Hg was detectable above the pool of native Hg, (2) the<span>&nbsp;</span></span><sup>202</sup><span>Hg migrated vertically and/or horizontally in peat and pore waters, and (3) the<span>&nbsp;</span></span><sup>202</sup><span>Hg was converted to methylmercury (MeHg) in situ. The<span>&nbsp;</span></span><sup>202</sup><span>Hg was easily detected by ICP/MS in both solid peat and pore waters. Over 3 months, the<span>&nbsp;</span></span><sup>202</sup><span>Hg migrated vertically downward in excess of 15 cm below the water table and traveled several meters horizontally beyond the experimental plot to the lake margin along the dominant vector of groundwater flow. Importantly, at one location, 6% of aqueous<span>&nbsp;</span></span><sup>202</sup><span>Hg was detected as Me</span><sup>202</sup><span>Hg after only 1 day. These results indicate that new inorganic Hg in atmospheric deposition can be readily methylated and transported lakeward by shallow groundwater flow, confirming the important role of wetlands as contributors of Hg to aquatic ecosystems.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2004WR003219","usgsCitation":"Branfireun, B., Krabbenhoft, D., Hintelmann, H., Hunt, R.J., Hurley, J., and Rudd, J., 2005, Speciation and transport of newly deposited mercury in a boreal forest wetland: A stable mercury isotope approach: Water Resources Research, v. 41, no. 6, W06016; 11 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2004WR003219.","productDescription":"W06016; 11 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477884,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2004wr003219","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":237896,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-06-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b94eae4b08c986b31acb8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Branfireun, B.A.","contributorId":92843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Branfireun","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Krabbenhoft, D. P. 0000-0003-1964-5020","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1964-5020","contributorId":90765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krabbenhoft","given":"D. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hintelmann, H.","contributorId":64423,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hintelmann","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hunt, R. J.","contributorId":40164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hurley, J.P.","contributorId":97645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hurley","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rudd, J.W.M.","contributorId":45487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rudd","given":"J.W.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70031363,"text":"70031363 - 2005 - Spatial and temporal variability in the amount and source of dissolved organic carbon: Implications for ultraviolet exposure in amphibian habitats","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-14T11:58:36","indexId":"70031363","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1478,"text":"Ecosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial and temporal variability in the amount and source of dissolved organic carbon: Implications for ultraviolet exposure in amphibian habitats","docAbstract":"<p>The amount, chemical composition, and source of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), together with in situ ultraviolet (UV-B) attenuation, were measured at 1&ndash;2 week intervals throughout the summers of 1999, 2000, and 2001 at four sites in Rocky Mountain National Park (Colorado). Eight additional sites, four in Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Park/John Muir Wilderness (California) and four in Glacier National Park (Montana), were sampled during the summer of 2000. Attenuation of UV-B was significantly related to DOC concentrations over the three years in Rocky Mountain (<i>R<sup>2</sup></i>&thinsp;=&thinsp;0.39, <i>F&thinsp;</i>=&thinsp;25.71, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.0001) and across all parks in 2000 (<i>R<sup>2</sup>&thinsp;</i>=&thinsp;0.44,<i> F</i>&thinsp;=&thinsp;38.25, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.0001). The relatively low <i>R<sup>2</sup></i> values, however, reflect significant temporal and spatial variability in the specific attenuation per unit DOC. Fluorescence analysis of the fulvic acid DOC fraction (roughly 600&ndash;2,000 Daltons) indicated that the source of DOC significantly affected the attenuation of UV-B. Sites in Sequoia&ndash;Kings Canyon were characterized by DOC derived primarily from algal sources and showed much deeper UV-B penetration, whereas sites in Glacier and Rocky Mountain contained a mix of algal and terrestrial DOC-dominated sites, with more terrestrially dominated sites characterized by greater UV-B attenuation per unit DOC. In general, site characteristics that promoted the accumulation of terrestrially derived DOC showed greater attenuation of UV-B per unit DOC; however, catchment vegetation and soil characteristics, precipitation, and local hydrology interacted to make it difficult to predict potential exposure from DOC concentrations.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"New York","doi":"10.1007/s10021-003-0031-5","issn":"14329840","usgsCitation":"Brooks, P.D., O’Reilly, C.M., Diamond, S.A., Campbell, K., Knapp, R., Bradford, D., Corn, P., Hossack, B., and Tonnessen, K., 2005, Spatial and temporal variability in the amount and source of dissolved organic carbon: Implications for ultraviolet exposure in amphibian habitats: Ecosystems, v. 8, no. 5, p. 478-487, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-003-0031-5.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"478","endPage":"487","numberOfPages":"10","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":239686,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212229,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10021-003-0031-5"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Colorado, Montana","otherGeospatial":"Glacier National Park, Rocky Mountain National Park, Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Park/John Muir Wilderness","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -115.56518554687499,\n              48.95858066440977\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.45581054687499,\n              48.97300592158682\n            ],\n            [\n              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D.","contributorId":46060,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O’Reilly, C. M.","contributorId":22581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Reilly","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Diamond, S. A.","contributorId":41382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diamond","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Campbell, K.","contributorId":63351,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Campbell","given":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":47665,"text":"St. Anthony Falls Laboratory, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":431203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Knapp, R.","contributorId":87367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knapp","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bradford, D.","contributorId":35265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradford","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Corn, P.S.","contributorId":63751,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Corn","given":"P.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hossack, B.","contributorId":59244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hossack","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Tonnessen, K.","contributorId":77903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tonnessen","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70029609,"text":"70029609 - 2005 - Diel behavior of rare earth elements in a mountain stream with acidic to neutral pH","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-31T08:18:46","indexId":"70029609","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Diel behavior of rare earth elements in a mountain stream with acidic to neutral pH","docAbstract":"<p>Diel (24-h) changes in concentrations of rare earth elements (REE) were investigated in Fisher Creek, a mountain stream in Montana that receives acid mine drainage in its headwaters. Three simultaneous 24-h samplings were conducted at an upstream station (pH = 3.3), an intermediate station (pH = 5.5), and a downstream station (pH = 6.8). The REE were found to behave conservatively at the two upstream stations. At the downstream station, REE partitioned into suspended particles to a degree that varied with the time of day, and concentrations of dissolved REE were 2.9- to 9.4-fold (190% to 830%) higher in the early morning vs. the late afternoon. The decrease in dissolved REE concentrations during the day coincided with a corresponding increase in the concentration of REE in suspended particles, such that diel changes in the total REE concentrations were relatively minor (27% to 55% increase at night). Across the lanthanide series, the heavy REE partitioned into the suspended solid phase to a greater extent than the light REE. Filtered samples from the downstream station showed a decrease in shale-normalized REE concentration across the lanthanide series, with positive anomalies at La and Gd, and a negative Eu anomaly. As the temperature of the creek increased in the afternoon, the slope of the REE profile steepened and the magnitude of the anomalies increased.</p><p>The above observations are explained by cyclic adsorption of REE onto suspended particles of hydrous ferric and aluminum oxides (HFO, HAO). Conditional partition coefficients for each REE between the suspended solids and the aqueous phase reached a maximum at 1700 hours and a minimum at 0700 hours. This pattern is attributed to diel variations in stream temperature, possibly reinforced by kinetic factors (i.e., slower rates of reaction at night than during the day). Estimates of the enthalpy of adsorption of each REE onto suspended particles based on the field results averaged +82 kJ/mol and are similar in magnitude to estimates in the literature for adsorption of divalent metal cations onto clays and hydrous metal oxides. The results of this study have important implications to the use of REE as hydrogeochemical tracers in streams.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.gca.2005.03.019","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Gammons, C., Wood, S., and Nimick, D., 2005, Diel behavior of rare earth elements in a mountain stream with acidic to neutral pH: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 69, no. 15, p. 3747-3758, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2005.03.019.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"3747","endPage":"3758","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":237754,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210737,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2005.03.019"}],"volume":"69","issue":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a00bee4b0c8380cd4f8c1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gammons, C.H.","contributorId":18459,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gammons","given":"C.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wood, S.A.","contributorId":82829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nimick, D. A.","contributorId":70399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nimick","given":"D. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70029592,"text":"70029592 - 2005 - Progression of methanogenic degradation of crude oil in the subsurface","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-29T10:45:30","indexId":"70029592","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1541,"text":"Environmental Geosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Progression of methanogenic degradation of crude oil in the subsurface","docAbstract":"<p class=\"abstractnoin\">Our results show that subsurface crude-oil degradation rates at a long-term research site were strongly influenced by small-scale variations in hydrologic conditions. The site is a shallow glacial outwash aquifer located near Bemidji in northern Minnesota that became contaminated when oil spilled from a broken pipeline in August 1979. In the study area, separate-phase oil forms a subsurface oil body extending from land surface to about 1 m (3.3 ft) below the 6–8-m (20–26 ft)-deep water table. Oil saturation in the sediments ranges from 10–20% in the vadose zone to 30–70% near the water table. At depths below 2 m (6.6 ft), degradation of the separate-phase crude oil occurs under methanogenic conditions. The sequence of methanogenic alkane degradation depletes the longer chain n-alkanes before the shorter chain n-alkanes, which is opposite to the better known aerobic sequence. The rates of degradation vary significantly with location in the subsurface. Oil-coated soils within 1.5 m (5 ft) of land surface have experienced little degradation where soil water saturation is less than 20%. Oil located 2–8 m (6.6–26 ft) below land surface in areas of higher recharge has been substantially degraded. The best explanation for the association between recharge and enhanced degradation seems to be increased downward transport of microbial growth nutrients to the oil body. This is supported by observations of greater microbial numbers at higher elevations in the oil body and significant decreases with depth in nutrient concentrations, especially phosphorus. Our results suggest that environmental effects may cause widely diverging degradation rates in the same spill, calling into question dating methods based on degradation state.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"AAPG","doi":"10.1306/eg.11160404036","issn":"10759565","usgsCitation":"Bekins, B., Hostettler, F., Herkelrath, W., Delin, G., Warren, E., and Essaid, H., 2005, Progression of methanogenic degradation of crude oil in the subsurface: Environmental Geosciences, v. 12, no. 2, p. 139-152, https://doi.org/10.1306/eg.11160404036.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"139","endPage":"152","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":237459,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210516,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1306/eg.11160404036"}],"volume":"12","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8ee1e4b0c8380cd7f440","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bekins, B.A.","contributorId":98309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bekins","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hostettler, F. D.","contributorId":99563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hostettler","given":"F. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Herkelrath, W.N.","contributorId":77981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herkelrath","given":"W.N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Delin, G. N.","contributorId":12834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Delin","given":"G. N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Warren, E.","contributorId":15360,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warren","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Essaid, H.I.","contributorId":22342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Essaid","given":"H.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70029589,"text":"70029589 - 2005 - Environmental impacts of oil production on soil, bedrock, and vegetation at the U.S. Geological Survey Osage-Skiatook Petroleum Environmental Research site A, Osage County, Oklahoma","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-31T09:59:49","indexId":"70029589","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1541,"text":"Environmental Geosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Environmental impacts of oil production on soil, bedrock, and vegetation at the U.S. Geological Survey Osage-Skiatook Petroleum Environmental Research site A, Osage County, Oklahoma","docAbstract":"<p><span>The U.S. Geological Survey is investigating the impacts of oil and gas production on soils, groundwater, surface water, and ecosystems in the United States. Two sites in northeastern Oklahoma (sites A and B) are presently being investigated under the Osage–Skiatook Petroleum Environmental Research project. Oil wells on the lease surrounding site A in Osage County, Oklahoma, produced about 100,000 bbl of oil between 1913 and 1981. Prominent production features on the 1.5-ha (3.7-ac) site A include a tank battery, an oil-filled trench, pipelines, storage pits for both produced water and oil, and an old power unit. Site activities and historic releases have left open areas in the local oak forest adjacent to these features and a deeply eroded salt scar downslope from the pits that extends to nearby Skiatook Lake. The site is underlain by surficial sediments comprised of very fine-grained eolian sand and colluvium as much as 1.4 m (4.6 ft) thick, which, in turn, overlie flat-lying, fractured bedrock comprised of sandstone, clayey sandstone, mudstone, and shale. A geophysical survey of ground conductance and concentration measurements of aqueous extracts (1:1 by weight) of core samples taken in the salt scar and adjacent areas indicate that unusual concentrations of NaCl-rich salt are present at depths to at least 8 m (26 ft) in the bedrock; however, little salt occurs in the eolian sand. Historic aerial photographs, anecdotal reports from oil-lease operators, and tree-ring records indicate that the surrounding oak forest was largely established after 1935 and thus postdates the majority of surface damage at the site. Blackjack oaks adjacent to the salt scar have anomalously elevated chloride (</span><img src=\"http://archives.datapages.com/data/deg/2005/EG04030/IMAGES/GT.JPG\" alt=\"gt\" data-mce-src=\"http://archives.datapages.com/data/deg/2005/EG04030/IMAGES/GT.JPG\"><span>400 ppm) in their leaves and record the presence of NaCl-rich salt or salty water in the shallow subsurface. The geophysical measurements also indicate moderately elevated conductance beneath the oak forest adjoining the salt scar.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"AAPG","doi":"10.1306/eg.09280404030","issn":"10759565","usgsCitation":"Otton, J.K., Zielinski, R.A., Smith, B.D., Abbott, M., and Keeland, B.D., 2005, Environmental impacts of oil production on soil, bedrock, and vegetation at the U.S. Geological Survey Osage-Skiatook Petroleum Environmental Research site A, Osage County, Oklahoma: Environmental Geosciences, v. 12, no. 2, p. 73-87, https://doi.org/10.1306/eg.09280404030.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"73","endPage":"87","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":210490,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1306/eg.09280404030"},{"id":237424,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oklahoma","county":"Osage County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-96.0004,37.0002],[-95.9999,36.7735],[-95.9996,36.7654],[-95.9999,36.6864],[-96.0002,36.6792],[-96,36.5122],[-96.0003,36.5059],[-96,36.4255],[-96.0003,36.4201],[-96.0001,36.2509],[-95.9996,36.1632],[-95.9997,36.1601],[-96.0755,36.161],[-96.0852,36.1608],[-96.1832,36.1618],[-96.2003,36.1627],[-96.2659,36.1628],[-96.2756,36.1631],[-96.2745,36.1757],[-96.2692,36.182],[-96.2621,36.1873],[-96.2563,36.1912],[-96.2504,36.197],[-96.2474,36.2014],[-96.2466,36.2055],[-96.2485,36.216],[-96.2545,36.2238],[-96.2601,36.2267],[-96.2652,36.2282],[-96.2715,36.2288],[-96.2777,36.2289],[-96.2828,36.2299],[-96.2913,36.2315],[-96.2976,36.2321],[-96.3073,36.2318],[-96.309,36.2319],[-96.3131,36.2306],[-96.3205,36.229],[-96.3257,36.2286],[-96.3365,36.2289],[-96.3444,36.2318],[-96.3589,36.2421],[-96.3671,36.2509],[-96.3753,36.261],[-96.3831,36.268],[-96.3926,36.2723],[-96.4051,36.2762],[-96.4232,36.2802],[-96.4317,36.2836],[-96.4383,36.2887],[-96.442,36.2974],[-96.4447,36.3043],[-96.4456,36.3106],[-96.4488,36.3171],[-96.4515,36.3217],[-96.4525,36.3253],[-96.4564,36.3281],[-96.4575,36.3299],[-96.4597,36.3314],[-96.4677,36.3329],[-96.4723,36.333],[-96.4809,36.33],[-96.4861,36.3287],[-96.4885,36.3265],[-96.4926,36.3234],[-96.4967,36.3181],[-96.5052,36.3055],[-96.5116,36.3016],[-96.5133,36.3007],[-96.5213,36.3],[-96.5242,36.2991],[-96.5271,36.2987],[-96.5488,36.2996],[-96.5573,36.3016],[-96.564,36.304],[-96.5697,36.3064],[-96.5735,36.311],[-96.5751,36.3161],[-96.5761,36.3197],[-96.5765,36.3247],[-96.5763,36.3315],[-96.5744,36.3364],[-96.5702,36.3436],[-96.5643,36.3485],[-96.5568,36.3511],[-96.5453,36.3535],[-96.5366,36.3566],[-96.5291,36.3596],[-96.5278,36.3623],[-96.5264,36.3713],[-96.5221,36.3803],[-96.5247,36.3881],[-96.528,36.3927],[-96.5392,36.4011],[-96.5478,36.3999],[-96.5594,36.3929],[-96.5659,36.388],[-96.5678,36.3812],[-96.5714,36.3759],[-96.5755,36.3741],[-96.5829,36.3738],[-96.5914,36.3772],[-96.5959,36.3791],[-96.6015,36.3833],[-96.6093,36.3898],[-96.6133,36.408],[-96.616,36.4112],[-96.6234,36.4137],[-96.6279,36.4156],[-96.635,36.4257],[-96.6441,36.4268],[-96.6493,36.4264],[-96.6534,36.4251],[-96.6585,36.4234],[-96.6637,36.4221],[-96.674,36.4237],[-96.6872,36.4235],[-96.718,36.4441],[-96.7236,36.4482],[-96.7205,36.4573],[-96.7196,36.4668],[-96.7143,36.4712],[-96.7142,36.493],[-96.7164,36.4971],[-96.7203,36.4995],[-96.7248,36.5014],[-96.7275,36.5064],[-96.728,36.5105],[-96.7284,36.515],[-96.7295,36.5187],[-96.7282,36.5241],[-96.7292,36.5291],[-96.7307,36.5337],[-96.7373,36.5456],[-96.7443,36.5571],[-96.7545,36.5631],[-96.7618,36.5669],[-96.7774,36.5645],[-96.7844,36.5605],[-96.7954,36.5566],[-96.8006,36.5545],[-96.81,36.5465],[-96.8146,36.5438],[-96.8223,36.5381],[-96.8281,36.5323],[-96.8317,36.5283],[-96.8371,36.5211],[-96.8425,36.5103],[-96.8469,36.4991],[-96.8599,36.4843],[-96.8669,36.4776],[-96.871,36.4741],[-96.8751,36.4719],[-96.8797,36.4711],[-96.8837,36.4711],[-96.89,36.4717],[-96.8928,36.4727],[-96.8986,36.4719],[-96.9044,36.4692],[-96.9084,36.4675],[-96.9142,36.4662],[-96.9199,36.4659],[-96.9234,36.465],[-96.9275,36.4606],[-96.9316,36.457],[-96.9385,36.4562],[-96.9561,36.4588],[-96.9663,36.4653],[-96.9748,36.4664],[-96.9822,36.4692],[-96.9906,36.4766],[-97.0012,36.4872],[-97.0057,36.4905],[-97.0112,36.4987],[-97.0116,36.506],[-97.0109,36.5105],[-97.0096,36.5155],[-97.0083,36.5204],[-97.0025,36.5249],[-96.9978,36.5275],[-96.9915,36.5292],[-96.988,36.531],[-96.9828,36.5327],[-96.977,36.5344],[-96.9667,36.5352],[-96.9564,36.535],[-96.9506,36.5367],[-96.946,36.538],[-96.939,36.5424],[-96.9355,36.5455],[-96.929,36.5513],[-96.9261,36.554],[-96.9243,36.554],[-96.9175,36.5529],[-96.906,36.5536],[-96.9003,36.554],[-96.8968,36.5553],[-96.8921,36.5597],[-96.8909,36.5634],[-96.8873,36.5683],[-96.8866,36.5732],[-96.8876,36.5792],[-96.8932,36.5824],[-96.9034,36.5867],[-96.9162,36.6001],[-96.9387,36.5959],[-96.9468,36.5911],[-96.9526,36.5889],[-96.9549,36.589],[-96.9612,36.5882],[-96.974,36.5843],[-96.982,36.583],[-96.986,36.5827],[-96.9952,36.5837],[-97.0032,36.5839],[-97.0153,36.5827],[-97.029,36.5847],[-97.0415,36.5858],[-97.0512,36.5883],[-97.0568,36.5929],[-97.055,36.5979],[-97.0532,36.601],[-97.0469,36.6018],[-97.0473,36.6054],[-97.049,36.6068],[-97.0547,36.6106],[-97.0551,36.6165],[-97.0528,36.6364],[-97.0617,36.651],[-97.0656,36.6547],[-97.067,36.6656],[-97.0666,36.6829],[-97.0606,36.6918],[-97.0548,36.6926],[-97.0491,36.6939],[-97.0253,36.7012],[-97.0238,36.6953],[-97.017,36.6907],[-97.0038,36.6909],[-96.994,36.6903],[-96.9878,36.6875],[-96.9682,36.6889],[-96.958,36.6865],[-96.9477,36.6836],[-96.9345,36.6852],[-96.9263,36.691],[-96.9262,36.6937],[-96.9267,36.6982],[-96.9254,36.7014],[-96.9206,36.7085],[-96.9204,36.7176],[-96.9151,36.7216],[-96.9061,36.7351],[-96.8907,36.7525],[-96.8786,36.7536],[-96.8689,36.7521],[-96.8604,36.7483],[-96.849,36.7445],[-96.8404,36.7434],[-9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J. K.","contributorId":52589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Otton","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zielinski, R. A. 0000-0002-4047-5129","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4047-5129","contributorId":106930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zielinski","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":423368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, B. D.","contributorId":71123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Abbott, M.M.","contributorId":95431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abbott","given":"M.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Keeland, B. D.","contributorId":45275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeland","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70029572,"text":"70029572 - 2005 - Sources of nitrate in snowmelt discharge: Evidence from water chemistry and stable isotopes of nitrate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-31T10:18:49","indexId":"70029572","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3728,"text":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","onlineIssn":"1573-2932","printIssn":"0049-6979","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sources of nitrate in snowmelt discharge: Evidence from water chemistry and stable isotopes of nitrate","docAbstract":"<p class=\"Para\">To determine whether NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>concentration pulses in surface water in early spring snowmelt discharge are due to atmospheric NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>, we analyzed stream δ<sup>15</sup>N-NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>and δ<sup>18</sup>O-NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>values between February and June of 2001 and 2002 and compared them to those of throughfall, bulk precipitation, snow, and groundwater. Stream total Al, DOC and Si concentrations were used to indicate preferential water flow through the forest floor, mineral soil, and ground water. The study was conducted in a 135-ha subcatchment of the Arbutus Watershed in the Huntington Wildlife Forest in the Adirondack Region of New York State, U.S.A. Stream discharge in 2001 increased from 0.6 before to 32.4 mm day<sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>during snowmelt, and element concentrations increased from 33 to 71 μmol L<sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>for NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>, 3 to 9 μmol L<sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>for total Al, and 330 to 570 μmol L<sup>−1</sup>for DOC. Discharge in 2002 was variable, with a maximum of 30 mm day<sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>during snowmelt. The highest NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>, Al, and DOC concentrations were 52, 10, and 630 μmol L<sup>−1</sup>, respectively, and dissolved Si decreased from 148 μmol L<sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>before to 96 μmol L<sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>during snowmelt. Values of δ<sup>15</sup>N and δ<sup>18</sup>O of NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>in stream water were similar in both years. Stream water, atmospherically-derived solutions, and groundwaters had overlapping δ<sup>15</sup>N-NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>values. In stream and ground water, δ<sup>18</sup>O-NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>values ranged from +5.9 to +12.9‰ and were significantly lower than the +58.3 to +78.7‰ values in atmospheric solutions. Values of δ<sup>18</sup>O-NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>indicating nitrification, increase in Al and DOC, and decrease in dissolved Si concentrations indicating water flow through the soil suggested a dilution of groundwater NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>by increasing contributions of forest floor and mineral soil NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>during snowmelt.</p><div class=\"KeywordGroup\" lang=\"en\"><br data-mce-bogus=\"1\"></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s11270-005-4641-8","issn":"00496979","usgsCitation":"Piatek, K., Mitchell, M., Silva, S.R., and Kendall, C., 2005, Sources of nitrate in snowmelt discharge: Evidence from water chemistry and stable isotopes of nitrate: Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, v. 165, no. 1-4, p. 13-35, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-005-4641-8.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"13","endPage":"35","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":237751,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210736,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11270-005-4641-8"}],"volume":"165","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9385e4b08c986b31a52a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Piatek, K.B.","contributorId":72583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatek","given":"K.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mitchell, M.J.","contributorId":72940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mitchell","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Silva, S. R.","contributorId":27474,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Silva","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kendall, C. 0000-0002-0247-3405","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0247-3405","contributorId":35050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70029568,"text":"70029568 - 2005 - Applying petrophysical models to radar travel time and electrical resistivity tomograms: Resolution-dependent limitations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-16T17:06:14","indexId":"70029568","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Applying petrophysical models to radar travel time and electrical resistivity tomograms: Resolution-dependent limitations","docAbstract":"<div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p><span class=\"paraNumber\">[1]<span>&nbsp;</span></span>Geophysical imaging has traditionally provided qualitative information about geologic structure; however, there is increasing interest in using petrophysical models to convert tomograms to quantitative estimates of hydrogeologic, mechanical, or geochemical parameters of interest (e.g., permeability, porosity, water content, and salinity). Unfortunately, petrophysical estimation based on tomograms is complicated by limited and variable image resolution, which depends on (1) measurement physics (e.g., electrical conduction or electromagnetic wave propagation), (2) parameterization and regularization, (3) measurement error, and (4) spatial variability. We present a framework to predict how core‐scale relations between geophysical properties and hydrologic parameters are altered by the inversion, which produces smoothly varying pixel‐scale estimates. We refer to this loss of information as “correlation loss.” Our approach upscales the core‐scale relation to the pixel scale using the model resolution matrix from the inversion, random field averaging, and spatial statistics of the geophysical property. Synthetic examples evaluate the utility of radar travel time tomography (RTT) and electrical‐resistivity tomography (ERT) for estimating water content. This work provides (1) a framework to assess tomograms for geologic parameter estimation and (2) insights into the different patterns of correlation loss for ERT and RTT. Whereas ERT generally performs better near boreholes, RTT performs better in the interwell region. Application of petrophysical models to the tomograms in our examples would yield misleading estimates of water content. Although the examples presented illustrate the problem of correlation loss in the context of near‐surface geophysical imaging, our results have clear implications for quantitative analysis of tomograms for diverse geoscience applications.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/2004JB003569","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Day-Lewis, F., Singha, K., and Binley, A., 2005, Applying petrophysical models to radar travel time and electrical resistivity tomograms: Resolution-dependent limitations: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 110, no. 8, p. 1-17, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JB003569.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"17","costCenters":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477962,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2004jb003569","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":237678,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"110","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-08-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eccfe4b0c8380cd494e2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Day-Lewis, F. D. 0000-0003-3526-886X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3526-886X","contributorId":35773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Day-Lewis","given":"F. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Singha, K.","contributorId":51431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Singha","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Binley, A.M.","contributorId":97310,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Binley","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70029552,"text":"70029552 - 2005 - Isotopic compositions of the elements, 2001","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-31T09:55:57","indexId":"70029552","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2427,"text":"Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Isotopic compositions of the elements, 2001","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Commission on Atomic Weights and </span>Isotopic Abundances<span> of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry completed its last review of the isotopic compositions of the elements as determined by isotope-ratio </span>mass spectrometry<span> in 2001. That review involved a critical evaluation of the published literature, element by element, and forms the basis of the table of the isotopic compositions of the elements (TICE) presented here. For each element, TICE includes evaluated data from the “best measurement” of the </span>isotope abundances<span> in a single sample, along with a set of representative </span>isotope abundances<span> and </span>uncertainties<span> that accommodate known variations in normal terrestrial materials. The representative </span>isotope abundances<span> and </span>uncertainties<span> generally are consistent with the standard atomic weight of the element </span><span class=\"equationTd inline-formula\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-1-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot; overflow=&quot;scroll&quot; altimg=&quot;eq-00001.gif&quot;><msub><mi>A</mi><mrow><mi mathvariant=&quot;normal&quot;>r</mi></mrow></msub><mi>(</mi><mi mathvariant=&quot;normal&quot;>E</mi><mi>)</mi></math>\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-1\" class=\"math\"><span><span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-2\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-3\" class=\"msub\"><span><span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-4\" class=\"mi\">A</span></span><span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-5\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-6\" class=\"mi\">r</span></span></span></span></span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-7\" class=\"mi\">(</span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-8\" class=\"mi\">E</span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-9\" class=\"mi\">)</span></span></span></span></span><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">Ar(E)</span></span></span><span> and its </span>uncertainty <span class=\"equationTd inline-formula\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-2-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot; overflow=&quot;scroll&quot; altimg=&quot;eq-00002.gif&quot;><msub><mi>U[A</mi><mrow><mi mathvariant=&quot;normal&quot;>r</mi></mrow></msub><mi>(</mi><mi mathvariant=&quot;normal&quot;>E</mi><mi>)]</mi></math>\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-10\" class=\"math\"><span><span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-11\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-12\" class=\"msub\"><span><span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-13\" class=\"mi\">U[A</span></span><span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-14\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-15\" class=\"mi\">r</span></span></span></span></span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-16\" class=\"mi\">(</span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-17\" class=\"mi\">E</span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-18\" class=\"mi\">)]</span></span></span></span></span><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">U[Ar(E)]</span></span></span><span> recommended by CAWIA in 2001.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"AIP","doi":"10.1063/1.1836764","issn":"00472689","usgsCitation":"Böhlke, J., De Laeter, J., De Bievre, P., Hidaka, H., Peiser, H., Rosman, K., and Taylor, P., 2005, Isotopic compositions of the elements, 2001: Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data, v. 34, no. 1, p. 57-67, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1836764.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"57","endPage":"67","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":237456,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210515,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1836764"}],"volume":"34","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-03-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3fa6e4b0c8380cd646c6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Böhlke, J.K. 0000-0001-5693-6455","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":96696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Böhlke","given":"J.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"De Laeter, J. R.","contributorId":76537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"De Laeter","given":"J. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"De Bievre, P.","contributorId":22399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"De Bievre","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hidaka, H.","contributorId":84146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hidaka","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Peiser, H.S.","contributorId":64303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peiser","given":"H.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rosman, K.J.R.","contributorId":27903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosman","given":"K.J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Taylor, P.D.P.","contributorId":74164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"P.D.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70029539,"text":"70029539 - 2005 - The role of topography on catchment‐scale water residence time","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T15:55:05","indexId":"70029539","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The role of topography on catchment‐scale water residence time","docAbstract":"<p><span>The age, or residence time, of water is a fundamental descriptor of catchment hydrology, revealing information about the storage, flow pathways, and source of water in a single integrated measure. While there has been tremendous recent interest in residence time estimation to characterize watersheds, there are relatively few studies that have quantified residence time at the watershed scale, and fewer still that have extended those results beyond single catchments to larger landscape scales. We examined topographic controls on residence time for seven catchments (0.085–62.4 km</span><sup>2</sup><span>) that represent diverse geologic and geomorphic conditions in the western Cascade Mountains of Oregon. Our primary objective was to determine the dominant physical controls on catchment‐scale water residence time and specifically test the hypothesis that residence time is related to the size of the basin. Residence times were estimated by simple convolution models that described the transfer of precipitation isotopic composition to the stream network. We found that base flow mean residence times for exponential distributions ranged from 0.8 to 3.3 years. Mean residence time showed no correlation to basin area (r</span><sup>2</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>&lt; 0.01) but instead was correlated (r</span><sup>2</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>= 0.91) to catchment terrain indices representing the flow path distance and flow path gradient to the stream network. These results illustrate that landscape organization (i.e., topography) rather than basin area controls catchment‐scale transport. Results from this study may provide a framework for describing scale‐invariant transport across climatic and geologic conditions, whereby the internal form and structure of the basin defines the first‐order control on base flow residence time.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2004WR003657","usgsCitation":"McGuire, K., McDonnell, J.J., Weiler, M., Kendall, C., McGlynn, B., Welker, J., and Seibert, J., 2005, The role of topography on catchment‐scale water residence time: Water Resources Research, v. 41, no. 5, Article W05002; 14 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2004WR003657.","productDescription":"Article W05002; 14 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":237782,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-05-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baf9fe4b08c986b324929","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McGuire, K.J.","contributorId":88943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuire","given":"K.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McDonnell, Jeffery J. 0000-0002-3880-3162","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3880-3162","contributorId":62723,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McDonnell","given":"Jeffery","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Weiler, M.","contributorId":15003,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Weiler","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kendall, C. 0000-0002-0247-3405","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0247-3405","contributorId":35050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McGlynn, B.L.","contributorId":106664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGlynn","given":"B.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Welker, J.M.","contributorId":82868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Welker","given":"J.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Seibert, J.","contributorId":37513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seibert","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70029521,"text":"70029521 - 2005 - Herbicides and degradates in shallow aquifers of Illinois: Spatial and temporal trends","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-05T07:23:30","indexId":"70029521","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Herbicides and degradates in shallow aquifers of Illinois: Spatial and temporal trends","docAbstract":"<div class=\"abstract-group\"><div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p>During the fall of 2000, the occurrence was examined of 16 herbicides and 13 herbicide degradates in samples from 55 wells in shallow aquifers underlying grain producing regions of Illinois. Herbicide compounds with concentrations above 0.05 μg/L were detected in 56 percent of the samples. No concentrations exceeded regulatory drinking water standards. The six most frequently detected compounds were degradates. Water age was an important factor in determining vulnerability of ground water to transport of herbicide compounds. Unconsolidated aquifers, which were indicated to generally contain younger ground water than bedrock aquifers, had a higher occurrence of herbicides (73 percent of samples) than bedrock aquifers (22 percent). Temporal analysis to determine if changes in concentrations of selected herbicides and degradates could be observed over a near decadal period indicated a decrease in detection frequency (25 to 18 percent) between samplings in 1991 and 2000. Over this period, significant differences in concentrations were observed for atrazine (decrease) and total acetochlor (increase). The increase in acetochlor compound concentrations corresponds to an increase in acetochlor use during the study period, while the decrease in atrazine concentrations corresponds to relatively consistent use of atrazine. Changes in frequency of herbicide detection and concentration do not appear related to changes in land use near sampled wells.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.2005.tb03753.x","issn":"1093474X","usgsCitation":"Mills, P., Kolpin, D., Scribner, E., and Thurman, E., 2005, Herbicides and degradates in shallow aquifers of Illinois: Spatial and temporal trends: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 41, no. 3, p. 537-547, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2005.tb03753.x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"537","endPage":"547","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":237494,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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