In 1990, the Naval Oceanographic Office and the U.S. Geological Survey agreed to develop a digital data base of stratigraphy and acoustic properties of sediments along the U.S. East Coast of the United States. The objective of this work was to utilize more than 25,000 km of publicly available multichannel seismic-reflection profiles (Sheridan et al., 1988) in order to assign acoustic properties to the continental margin postrift sediments in an internally consistent, geologically meaningful, regionally extensive, digital form. The acoustic properties of interest include thickness, depth, compressional- and shear-wave velocity, compressional- and shear-wave attenuation, density, and lithology. This data base subdivides the 0- to 14-km thick Jurassic and younger postrift deposits into 18 mappable horizons. The spatial scale of gridding is 5' latitude by 5 ' longitude, or about 9x8 km.
This report describes the second part of developing the data base for the continental margin between Florida and Cape Hatteras: spatial gridding of the digital stratigraphic and velocity data, derivative calculations of density, shear-wave velocity, and attenuation, and construction of the final data base. The first report (Hutchinson et al., 1995) describes how the stratigraphy and velocity were digitized from the original profiles. Complementary reports that describe the data base for the area between Cape Hatteras and Georges Bank are given in Klitgord and Schneider (1994) and Klitgord et al. (1994).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr9655","issn":"0566-8174","usgsCitation":"Hutchinson, D.R., Poag, C.W., Johnson, A.H., Popenoe, P., and Wright, C., 1997, Geophysical database of the east coast of the United States; southern Atlantic margin, stratigraphy and velocity in map grids: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-55, ii, 165 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9655.","productDescription":"ii, 165 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":51325,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0055/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"53.18 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":153619,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0055/report-thumb.jpg"}],"geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81,\n 26\n ],\n [\n -73,\n 26\n ],\n [\n -73,\n 35\n ],\n [\n -81,\n 35\n ],\n [\n -81,\n 26\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67c167","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hutchinson, D. R.","contributorId":31770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hutchinson","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Poag, C. W.","contributorId":16402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poag","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, Aaron H.","contributorId":46971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Aaron","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":185908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Popenoe, Peter","contributorId":62206,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Popenoe","given":"Peter","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":185909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wright, C.","contributorId":69589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":1281,"text":"wsp2468 - 1997 - Pesticides in surface and ground water of the San Joaquin-Tulare basins, California: Analysis of available data, 1966 Through 1992","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-15T21:13:10.775705","indexId":"wsp2468","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2468","title":"Pesticides in surface and ground water of the San Joaquin-Tulare basins, California: Analysis of available data, 1966 Through 1992","docAbstract":"Available pesticide data (1966-92) for surface and ground water were analyzed for the San Joaquin-Tulare Basins, California, one of 60 large hydrologic systems being studied as part of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program of the U.S. Geological Survey. Most of the pesticide data were for the San Joaquin Valley, one of the most intensively farmed and irrigated areas of the United States. Data were obtained from the Storage and Retrieval data base of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the water-quality data base of the U.S. Geological Survey, and from data files of State agencies.
Pesticides detected in surface water include organochlorine pesticides, organophosphate pesticides, carbamate pesticides, and triazine herbicides. Pesticides detected in ground water include triazine and other organonitrogen herbicides and soil fumi gants. Surface-water data indicate seasonal patterns for the detection of organophosphate and carbamate pesticides, which are attributed to their use on almond orchards and alfafa fields. Organochlorine pesticides were detected primarily in river-bed sediments. Concentrations detected in bed sediments of the San Joaquin River near Vernalis are among the highest of any major river system in the United States. Patterns and timing of pesticide use indicate that pesticides might be present in surface-water systems during most months of a year.
The most commonly detected pesticide in ground water is the soil fumigant, dibromochloropropane. Dibromochloropropane, used primarily on vineyards and orchards, was detected in ground water near the city of Fresno. Triazine and other organonitrogen herbicides were detected near vineyards and orchards in the same general locations as the detections of dibromochloropropane. Pesticides were detected in ground water of the east side of the valley floor, where the soils are sandy or coarsegrained, and water-soluble pesticides with long environmental half-lives were used. In contrast, fewer pesticides were detected in ground water of the west side of the valley, where soils generally are finer grained.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp2468","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Water-Quality Assessment Program","usgsCitation":"Domagalski, J.L., 1997, Pesticides in surface and ground water of the San Joaquin-Tulare basins, California: Analysis of available data, 1966 Through 1992: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2468, viii, 74 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2468.","productDescription":"viii, 74 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":124227,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wsp_2468.bmp"},{"id":414262,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_25566.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":14632,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2468/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Joaquin-Tulare basins","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.4,\n 34.825\n ],\n [\n -118,\n 34.825\n ],\n [\n -118,\n 38.783\n ],\n [\n -121.4,\n 38.783\n ],\n [\n -121.4,\n 34.825\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b17e4b07f02db6a61dd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Domagalski, Joseph L. 0000-0002-6032-757X joed@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6032-757X","contributorId":1330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Domagalski","given":"Joseph","email":"joed@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":143493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":29449,"text":"wri974085 - 1997 - Nitrate and pesticides in surficial aquifers and trophic state and phosphorus sources for selected lakes, eastern Otter Tail County, west-central Minnesota, 1993-96","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-19T11:23:09","indexId":"wri974085","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-4085","title":"Nitrate and pesticides in surficial aquifers and trophic state and phosphorus sources for selected lakes, eastern Otter Tail County, west-central Minnesota, 1993-96","docAbstract":"Nitrate concentrations (as nitrogen) were analyzed in water from 73 wells completed in surficial aquifers. Water from about one-third of the wells had concentrations greater than 10 mg/L (milligrams per liter), the regulatory limit for drinking water established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Nitrate concentrations: (1) were greater in water from wells in agricultural settings than in nonagricultural settings; (2) were not greater in water from shallow wells (25 feet deep or less) in settings with rapid soil permeability than with moderate soil permeability, probably because the effects of permeability were offset by the effects of land use and well depth; and (3) were greater in water from shallow wells (25 feet deep or less) than from deep wells (greater than 25 feet deep).
\nTriazine herbicides were detected in water from 23 of the 73 sampled wells by immunoassay tests. Most of these wells are in agricultural settings. Ten pesticides, which included seven triazine herbicide compounds, were detected in water from 19 of 25 wells analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Atrazine and deethylatrazine, a degradation product of atrazine, were detected in water from 18 and 16 wells, respectively. None of the detected pesticides had concentrations that exceeded their respective regulatory limits for drinking water established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
\nFour lakes in the Otter Tail River Basin, which in downstream order are Little Pine, Big Pine, Rush, and Otter Tail Lakes, ranged in trophic state from upper oligotrophic to lower eutrophic. The Secchi disk transparencies were 4.0 to 7.4 feet, chlorophyll a concentrations (epilimnetic) were 4.4 to 28 micrograms per liter, and total phosphorus concentrations (epilimnetic) were less than 0.010 to 0.022 mg/L (except one concentration of 0.060 mg/L). The trophic state of these lakes may have become less eutrophic from upstream to downstream lakes.
\nMajor external sources of phosphorus to Big Pine Lake were the Otter Tail and Toad Rivers. The phosphorus load from these two streams during March 16, 1995, to March 15, 1996 was 10,400 pounds. The phosphorus load from the Toad River (5,730 pounds) was greater than from the Otter Tail River (4,670 pounds) even though streamflow from the Toad River was about 70 percent less than the Otter Tail River. Phosphorus removal from Big Pine Lake through the Otter Tail River outlet during the 1-year period was 8,460 pounds. The total annual accumulation of phosphorus, which includes an estimated 700 pounds from ground-water discharge, was 2,640 pounds. The accumulated phosphorus probably was utilized by phytoplankton or was absorbed by nonliving particulate matter that eventually settled into bottom sediments.
\nBottom sediments were an internal source of phosphorus to Little Pine and Big Pine Lakes. Increased total phosphorus concentrations (hypolimnetic) of 0.037 to 0.120 mg/L at depth during August 9-10, 1995, indicated phosphorus release from bottom sediments. The increased phosphorus probably was associated with anoxic conditions in the hypolimnion during summer stratification.
\nPhosphorus at depth in Little Pine and Big Pine Lakes was mostly orthophosphate. During the fall turnover of the lakes, this orthophosphate may have circulated to near the lake surface and became an available nutrient for phytoplankton during the following growing season. The internal phosphorus load to Little Pine Lake may have been important because about three-fourths of the lake probably became stratified and anoxic in the hypolimnion. The internal phosphorus load to Big Pine Lake may not have been important because only a small portion of the lake became stratified and anoxic at depth.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Mounds View, MN","doi":"10.3133/wri974085","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the East Otter Tail Soil and Water Conservation District and the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Ruhl, J.F., 1997, Nitrate and pesticides in surficial aquifers and trophic state and phosphorus sources for selected lakes, eastern Otter Tail County, west-central Minnesota, 1993-96: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 97-4085, vi, 43 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri974085.","productDescription":"vi, 43 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":58294,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4085/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":119520,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4085/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -96,\n 46.75\n ],\n [\n -96,\n 46.1\n ],\n [\n -95.125,\n 46.1\n ],\n [\n -95.125,\n 46.75\n ],\n [\n -96,\n 46.75\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afee4b07f02db6973ac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ruhl, J. F.","contributorId":81866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruhl","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70231233,"text":"70231233 - 1997 - Pliocene-Quaternary geology of northern New Jersey; road log and description of field stops, Sunday June 1, 1997","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70231233,"text":"70231233 - 1997 - Pliocene-Quaternary geology of northern New Jersey; road log and description of field stops, Sunday June 1, 1997","indexId":"70231233","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"title":"Pliocene-Quaternary geology of northern New Jersey; road log and description of field stops, Sunday June 1, 1997"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70231230,"text":"70231230 - 1997 - Pliocene-Quaternary geology of northern New Jersey: Guidebook - Annual reunion of the northeastern friends of the Pleistocene field conference","indexId":"70231230","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"title":"Pliocene-Quaternary geology of northern New Jersey: Guidebook - Annual reunion of the northeastern friends of the Pleistocene field conference"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70231230,"text":"70231230 - 1997 - Pliocene-Quaternary geology of northern New Jersey: Guidebook - Annual reunion of the northeastern friends of the Pleistocene field conference","indexId":"70231230","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"title":"Pliocene-Quaternary geology of northern New Jersey: Guidebook - Annual reunion of the northeastern friends of the Pleistocene field conference"},"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-03T16:50:14.037302","indexId":"70231233","displayToPublicDate":"1997-12-31T11:45:56","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Pliocene-Quaternary geology of northern New Jersey; road log and description of field stops, Sunday June 1, 1997","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pliocene-Quaternary geology of northern New Jersey: Guidebook - Annual reunion of the northeastern friends of the Pleistocene field conference","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"60th annual reunion of the Northeastern Friends of the Pleistocene","conferenceDate":"May 30- Jun 1, 1997","conferenceLocation":"Ledgewood, NJ","language":"English","publisher":"University of Maine, Climate Change Institute, Northeastern Friends of the Pleistocene","usgsCitation":"Witte, R.W., Epstein, J.B., and Wright, J., 1997, Pliocene-Quaternary geology of northern New Jersey; road log and description of field stops, Sunday June 1, 1997, in Pliocene-Quaternary geology of northern New Jersey: Guidebook - Annual reunion of the northeastern friends of the Pleistocene field conference, Ledgewood, NJ, May 30- Jun 1, 1997, p. 7.1-7.23.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"7.1","endPage":"7.23","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":400078,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":400077,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www2.newpaltz.edu/fop/guides.html"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74.2401123046875,\n 40.48455955508278\n ],\n [\n -74.036865234375,\n 40.61812224225511\n ],\n [\n -73.89404296875,\n 40.97989806962013\n ],\n [\n -74.674072265625,\n 41.36444153054222\n ],\n [\n -75.1629638671875,\n 40.9840449469281\n ],\n [\n -75.047607421875,\n 40.84706035607122\n ],\n [\n -75.1904296875,\n 40.72644570551446\n ],\n [\n -75.16845703124999,\n 40.54720023441049\n ],\n [\n -74.2401123046875,\n 40.48455955508278\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Witte, Ron W.","contributorId":28284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Witte","given":"Ron","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":842105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Epstein, Jack B. jepstein@usgs.gov","contributorId":1412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Epstein","given":"Jack","email":"jepstein@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":842106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wright, John","contributorId":291341,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wright","given":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":842107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70231230,"text":"70231230 - 1997 - Pliocene-Quaternary geology of northern New Jersey: Guidebook - Annual reunion of the northeastern friends of the Pleistocene field conference","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70231233,"text":"70231233 - 1997 - Pliocene-Quaternary geology of northern New Jersey; road log and description of field stops, Sunday June 1, 1997","indexId":"70231233","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"title":"Pliocene-Quaternary geology of northern New Jersey; road log and description of field stops, Sunday June 1, 1997"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70231230,"text":"70231230 - 1997 - Pliocene-Quaternary geology of northern New Jersey: Guidebook - Annual reunion of the northeastern friends of the Pleistocene field conference","indexId":"70231230","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"title":"Pliocene-Quaternary geology of northern New Jersey: Guidebook - Annual reunion of the northeastern friends of the Pleistocene field conference"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-03T16:51:15.689802","indexId":"70231230","displayToPublicDate":"1997-12-31T11:37:34","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"title":"Pliocene-Quaternary geology of northern New Jersey: Guidebook - Annual reunion of the northeastern friends of the Pleistocene field conference","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","conferenceTitle":"60th annual reunion of the Northeastern Friends of the Pleistocene","conferenceDate":"May 30- Jun 1, 1997","conferenceLocation":"Ledgewood, NJ","language":"English","publisher":"University of Maine, Climate Change Institute, Northeastern Friends of the Pleistocene","usgsCitation":"Witte, R.W., Ashley, G.M., Epstein, J.B., Shaw, R.K., Wright, J., and Stanford, S.D., 1997, Pliocene-Quaternary geology of northern New Jersey: Guidebook - Annual reunion of the northeastern friends of the Pleistocene field conference, 87 p.","productDescription":"87 p.","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":400073,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":400072,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www2.newpaltz.edu/fop/guides.html"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74.2401123046875,\n 40.48455955508278\n ],\n [\n -74.036865234375,\n 40.61812224225511\n ],\n [\n -73.89404296875,\n 40.97989806962013\n ],\n [\n -74.674072265625,\n 41.36444153054222\n ],\n [\n -75.1629638671875,\n 40.9840449469281\n ],\n [\n -75.047607421875,\n 40.84706035607122\n ],\n [\n -75.1904296875,\n 40.72644570551446\n ],\n [\n -75.16845703124999,\n 40.54720023441049\n ],\n [\n -74.2401123046875,\n 40.48455955508278\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Witte, Ron W.","contributorId":28284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Witte","given":"Ron","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":842096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ashley, Gail M.","contributorId":291339,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ashley","given":"Gail","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":842097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Epstein, Jack B. jepstein@usgs.gov","contributorId":1412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Epstein","given":"Jack","email":"jepstein@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":842098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shaw, Richard K.","contributorId":291340,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shaw","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":842099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wright, John","contributorId":291341,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wright","given":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":842100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Stanford, Scott D.","contributorId":35822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanford","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":842101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70209720,"text":"70209720 - 1997 - Effects of El Nino on streamflow, lake level, and landslide potential","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-04-22T16:04:24.95412","indexId":"70209720","displayToPublicDate":"1997-12-31T10:52:02","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"displayTitle":"Effects of El Niño on streamflow, lake level, and landslide potential","title":"Effects of El Nino on streamflow, lake level, and landslide potential","docAbstract":"One of the most important sources of year-to-year climate variation in the Southwest is the El Niño phenomenon of the tropical Pacific Ocean. El Niño is a natural but largely unpredictable condition that results from complex interplay among clouds and storms, regional winds, oceanic temperatures, and ocean currents along the equatorial Pacific.
Under \"normal\" conditions, the tropical trade winds blow from east to west,
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of normal and El Niño conditions in the Pacific Ocean. From NOAA El Niño website.
ponding up warm water in the western Pacific. In the eastern Pacific, the trade winds pull up cold, deep, nutrient-rich waters along the equator from the Ecuadorian coast to the central Pacific. The warmth of the western Pacific results in a particularly vigorous hydrologic cycle there with towering cumulus clouds and tropical storms that \"radiate\" atmospheric waves and disturbances across vast regions of the globe. Heat and moisture lofted into the upper atmosphere by the clouds and storms are distributed by high-altitude winds across vast regions of the globe.
During an El Niño, this situation is disrupted and the trade winds weaken, thus reducing the upwelling of cool waters in the eastern Pacific and allowing the pool of warm water in the west to drift eastward toward South America. As the central and eastern Pacific warms, atmospheric pressure gradients along the equator weaken, and the trade winds diminish even more.
These changes in sea-level pressure of the atmosphere are characteristic of the strongest El Niño and were identified as the \"Southern Oscillation\" of the global atmosphere by Sir Gilbert Walker in the early decades of this century. A chicken-and-egg relation exists between the changes in ocean temperatures and changes in winds (and atmospheric pressure gradients); the two sets of changes reinforce and drive each other but neither is clearly or universally \"the\" initiator of El Niño. Ocean temperatures and surface winds interact to form the complex process, El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The interactions can be set off by subtle changes in one or the other, by buffeting from other parts of the tropics, or from regions beyond the tropics. Such a complex interplay and its uncertain (and variable) origins are the primary limitations on our ability to predict El Niño.
As the waters of the central and eastern Pacific warm, the powerful tropical Pacific storms begin to form farther east than usual (Fig. 1). As the distribution of storms spreads east along the equator, their influence on global weather systems also changes. Most notably, for our purposes, the jet stream over the North Pacific Ocean is invigorated and pulled farther south than normal, where it collects moisture and storms and carries them to the southwestern United States and northern Mexico.
During an El Niño, the trade winds are too weak to cause upwelling of nutrient-rich waters off the coasts of Ecuador and Peru. Generations of South American fisherman thus have recognized these conditions by the disappearance of their standard catch, commonly during December and January, every three to seven years. Because of the near coincidence in timing between these conditions and Christmas, the fishing communities have called the phenomenon \"El Niño\", for the Christ child. The geologic record suggests that El Niño conditions have been a part of earth's climate for at least several thousand years.
An El Niño event usually lasts for several seasons, and, along with its other effects, represents an interruption of the \"normal\" seasonal cycle of the tropical climate. After a few seasons, and usually during spring time (in the Northern Hemisphere), the seasonal cycle reasserts itself and the tropical ocean cools back to the normal east-to-west sea-surface temperature gradients. Sometimes the warm El Niño events give way to unusually cold sea-surface temperatures and unusually strong trade winds, a condition now called La Niña. On other occasions, La Niñas may begin on their own, without an immediately preceding El Niño. The effects of the El Niño and La Niña on global climate are, in part, mirror images of each other. For example, drought is a common occurrence in the southwestern United States during La Niña, in contrast to the wet years associated with El Niño.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Impact of climate change and land use in the southwestern United States","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"conferenceTitle":"Impact of Climate Change and Land Use in the Southwestern United States","conferenceDate":"Sep 3-5, 1997","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Reynolds, R.L., Dettinger, M.D., Cayan, D., Stephens, D., Highland, L.M., and Wilson, R.C., 1997, Effects of El Nino on streamflow, lake level, and landslide potential, in Impact of climate change and land use in the southwestern United States, Sep 3-5, 1997, HTML Document.","productDescription":"HTML Document","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":374199,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":374198,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://geochange.er.usgs.gov/sw/changes/natural/elnino/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, California, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.794921875,\n 48.951366470947725\n ],\n [\n -123.22265625000001,\n 49.03786794532644\n ],\n [\n -123.26660156249999,\n 48.16608541901253\n ],\n [\n -124.892578125,\n 48.48748647988415\n ],\n [\n -124.0576171875,\n 45.336701909968134\n ],\n [\n -124.62890625,\n 43.068887774169625\n ],\n [\n -124.18945312500001,\n 41.672911819602085\n ],\n [\n -124.5849609375,\n 40.44694705960048\n ],\n [\n -120.5419921875,\n 34.23451236236987\n ],\n [\n -119.5751953125,\n 34.27083595165\n ],\n [\n -119.21264648437499,\n 34.08906131584994\n ],\n [\n -118.68530273437501,\n 33.93424531117312\n ],\n [\n -118.54248046874999,\n 33.88865750124075\n ],\n [\n -117.12112426757811,\n 32.534078465469605\n ],\n [\n -116.01974487304688,\n 32.6266533099821\n ],\n [\n -114.70825195312501,\n 32.74570253945518\n ],\n [\n -114.80163574218751,\n 32.505129231918936\n ],\n [\n -111.07177734375,\n 31.325486676506983\n ],\n [\n -108.2208251953125,\n 31.344254455668054\n ],\n [\n -108.204345703125,\n 31.793555207271424\n ],\n [\n -106.5069580078125,\n 31.793555207271424\n ],\n [\n -106.63330078125,\n 31.872892847840678\n ],\n [\n -106.58935546875,\n 32.008075959291055\n ],\n [\n -103.0682373046875,\n 32.01739159980399\n ],\n [\n -103.0517578125,\n 36.50963615733049\n ],\n [\n -102.996826171875,\n 36.50963615733049\n ],\n [\n -102.996826171875,\n 37.01571219880126\n ],\n [\n -106.67724609375,\n 37.00255267215955\n ],\n [\n -109.05029296875,\n 36.99377838872517\n ],\n [\n -109.061279296875,\n 41.008920735004885\n ],\n [\n -111.05529785156249,\n 41.000629848685385\n ],\n [\n -111.0443115234375,\n 41.99624282178583\n ],\n [\n -117.04833984375001,\n 42.049292638686836\n ],\n [\n -116.96044921875,\n 44.29240108529005\n ],\n [\n -117.26806640625,\n 44.449467536006935\n ],\n [\n -116.47705078125,\n 45.72152152227954\n ],\n [\n -116.98242187499999,\n 46.164614496897094\n ],\n [\n -117.04833984375001,\n 49.009050809382046\n ],\n [\n -119.794921875,\n 48.951366470947725\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reynolds, Richard L. 0000-0002-4572-2942 rreynolds@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4572-2942","contributorId":139068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"Richard","email":"rreynolds@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":787667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dettinger, Michael D. 0000-0002-7509-7332 mddettin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7509-7332","contributorId":149896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dettinger","given":"Michael","email":"mddettin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":787668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cayan, Daniel drcayan@usgs.gov","contributorId":149912,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cayan","given":"Daniel","email":"drcayan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":787669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stephens, Doyle","contributorId":64497,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephens","given":"Doyle","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":787670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Highland, Lynn M. highland@usgs.gov","contributorId":1292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Highland","given":"Lynn","email":"highland@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":787671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wilson, Raymond C. rwilson@usgs.gov","contributorId":5103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Raymond","email":"rwilson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":787672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70019359,"text":"70019359 - 1997 - Factors influencing wetland use by Canada geese","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-27T16:30:08.708002","indexId":"70019359","displayToPublicDate":"1997-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Factors influencing wetland use by Canada geese","docAbstract":"Seasonal and semi-permanent wetlands in eastern South Dakota were surveyed in 1995 and 1996 to identify habitat characteristics influencing wetland use by Canada geese (Branta canadensis maxima). Position of a wetland within the landscape and its area were important landscape-scale features influencing wetland use by geese. Our delineation of potential Canada goose habitat using a wetland geographic information system indicated that distribution and area of semi-permanent wetlands likely limit Canada goose occurrence in regions outside the Prairie Coteau. Periodicity in hydrologic cycles within landscapes also may influence goose use of wetlands in eastern South Dakota.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Nature","doi":"10.1007/BF03161521","issn":"02775212","usgsCitation":"Naugle, D., Gleason, J., Jenks, J., Higgins, K., Mammenga, P., and Nusser, S., 1997, Factors influencing wetland use by Canada geese: Wetlands, v. 17, no. 4, p. 552-558, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03161521.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"552","endPage":"558","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226335,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Dakota","otherGeospatial":"eastern South Dakota","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -97.95137329847168,\n 45.966992799930324\n ],\n [\n -97.95137329847168,\n 42.640560585560195\n ],\n [\n -96.48002556735344,\n 42.640560585560195\n ],\n [\n -96.48002556735344,\n 45.966992799930324\n ],\n [\n -97.95137329847168,\n 45.966992799930324\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"17","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0ed2e4b0c8380cd53642","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Naugle, D.E.","contributorId":85289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naugle","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gleason, J.S.","contributorId":89675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gleason","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jenks, J.A.","contributorId":31726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenks","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Higgins, K.F.","contributorId":55767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Higgins","given":"K.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mammenga, P.W.","contributorId":37904,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mammenga","given":"P.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Nusser, S.M.","contributorId":49302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nusser","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70019107,"text":"70019107 - 1997 - Arias intensity assessment of liquefaction test sites on the east side of San Francisco Bay affected by the Loma Prieta, California, earthquake of 17 October 1989","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-16T16:45:27.17081","indexId":"70019107","displayToPublicDate":"1997-11-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2822,"text":"Natural Hazards","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Arias intensity assessment of liquefaction test sites on the east side of San Francisco Bay affected by the Loma Prieta, California, earthquake of 17 October 1989","docAbstract":"Uncompacted artificial-fill deposits on the east side of San Francisco Bay suffered severe levels of soil liquefaction during the Loma Prieta earthquake of 17 October 1989. Damaged areas included maritime-port facilities, office buildings, and shoreline transportation arteries, ranging from 65 to 85 km from the north end of the Loma Prieta rupture zone. Typical of all these sites, which represent occurrences of liquefaction-induced damage farthest from the rupture zone, are low cone penetration test and Standard Penetration Test resistances in zones of cohesionless silty and sandy hydraulic fill, and underlying soft cohesive Holocene and Pleistocene sediment that strongly amplified ground motions. Postearthquake investigations at five study sites using standard penetration tests and cone penetration tests provide a basis for evaluation of the Arias intensity-based methodology for assessment of liquefaction susceptibility.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Nature","doi":"10.1023/A:1007942325031","issn":"0921030X","usgsCitation":"Kayen, R.E., and Mitchell, J.K., 1997, Arias intensity assessment of liquefaction test sites on the east side of San Francisco Bay affected by the Loma Prieta, California, earthquake of 17 October 1989: Natural Hazards, v. 16, no. 2-3, p. 243-265, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007942325031.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"243","endPage":"265","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226582,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.39067722255336,\n 37.904003796997344\n ],\n [\n -122.30189371323102,\n 37.72005886742059\n ],\n [\n -122.13462701080266,\n 37.53133811683368\n ],\n [\n -122.06570234653842,\n 37.53872456945436\n ],\n [\n -122.31400435750568,\n 37.92688453317267\n ],\n [\n -122.39067722255336,\n 37.904003796997344\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"16","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ed77e4b0c8380cd49814","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kayen, R. E.","contributorId":14424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kayen","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mitchell, James K.","contributorId":99598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mitchell","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":937410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1243,"text":"wsp2341C - 1997 - Hydrogeology and simulation of ground-water flow in the thick regolith-fractured crystalline rock aquifer system of Indian Creek basin, North Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-06T22:32:21.269505","indexId":"wsp2341C","displayToPublicDate":"1997-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2341","chapter":"C","title":"Hydrogeology and simulation of ground-water flow in the thick regolith-fractured crystalline rock aquifer system of Indian Creek basin, North Carolina","docAbstract":"The Indian Creek Basin in the southwestern Piedmont of North Carolina is one of five type areas studied as part of the Appalachian Valleys-Piedmont Regional Aquifer-System analysis. Detailed studies of selected type areas were used to quantify ground-water flow characteristics in various conceptual hydrogeologic terranes. The conceptual hydrogeologic terranes are considered representative of ground-water conditions beneath large areas of the three physiographic provinces--Valley and Ridge, Blue Ridge, and Piedmont--that compose the Appalachian Valleys-Piedmont Regional Aquifer-System Analysis area. The Appalachian Valleys-Piedmont Regional Aquifer-System Analysis study area extends over approximately 142,000 square miles in 11 states and the District of Columbia in the Appalachian highlands of the Eastern United States. The Indian Creek type area is typical of ground-water conditions in a single hydrogeologic terrane that underlies perhaps as much as 40 percent of the Piedmont physiographic province.
The hydrogeologic terrane of the Indian Creek model area is one of massive and foliated crystalline rocks mantled by thick regolith. The area lies almost entirely within the Inner Piedmont geologic belt. Five hydrogeologic units occupy major portions of the model area, but statistical tests on well yields, specific capacities, and other hydrologic characteristics show that the five hydrogeologic units can be treated as one unit for purposes of modeling ground-water flow.
The 146-square-mile Indian Creek model area includes the Indian Creek Basin, which has a surface drainage area of about 69 square miles. The Indian Creek Basin lies in parts of Catawba, Lincoln, and Gaston Counties, North Carolina. The larger model area is based on boundary conditions established for digital simulation of ground-water flow within the smaller Indian Creek Basin.
The ground-water flow model of the Indian Creek Basin is based on the U.S. Geological Survey?s modular finite-difference ground-water flow model. The model area is divided into a uniformly spaced grid having 196 rows and 140 columns. The grid spacing is 500 feet. The model grid is oriented to coincide with fabric elements such that rows are oriented parallel to fractures (N. 72° E.) and columns are oriented parallel to foliation (N. 18° W.). The model is discretized vertically into 11 layers; the top layer represents the soil and saprolite of the regolith, and the lower 10 layers represent bedrock. The base of the model is 850 feet below land surface. The top bedrock layer, which is only 25 feet thick, represents the transition zone between saprolite and unweathered bedrock.
The assignment of different values of transmissivity to the bedrock according to the topographic setting of model cells and depth results in inherent lateral and vertical anisotropy in the model with zones of high transmissivity in bedrock coinciding with valleys and draws, and zones of low transmissivity in bedrock coinciding with hills and ridges. Lateral anisotropy tends to be most pronounced in the north-northwest to south-southeast direction. Transmissivities decrease nonlineraly with depth. At 850 feet, depending on topographic setting, transmissivities have decreased to about 1 to 4 percent of the value of transmissivity immediately below the regolith-bedrock interface.
The model boundaries are, for the most part, specified-flux boundaries that coincide with streams that surround the Indian Creek Basin. The area of active model nodes within the boundaries is about 146 square miles and has about 17,400 active cells. The numerical model is designed not as a predictive tool, but as an interpretive one. The model is designed to help gain insight into flow-system dynamics. Predictive capabilities of the numerical model are limited by the constraints placed on the flow system by specified fluxes and recharge distribution.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp2341C","usgsCitation":"Daniel, C., Smith, D.G., and Eimers, J., 1997, Hydrogeology and simulation of ground-water flow in the thick regolith-fractured crystalline rock aquifer system of Indian Creek basin, North Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2341, viii, 137 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2341C.","productDescription":"viii, 137 p.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":411533,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_25369.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":26172,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2341c/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":137252,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2341c/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Indian Creek Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.25230702730993,\n 35.58329130222313\n ],\n [\n -81.51100330067938,\n 35.58329130222313\n ],\n [\n -81.51100330067938,\n 35.36336371030562\n ],\n [\n -81.25230702730993,\n 35.36336371030562\n ],\n [\n -81.25230702730993,\n 35.58329130222313\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ae4b07f02db62527b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Daniel, Charles C.","contributorId":91081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Daniel","given":"Charles C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, Douglas G. dgsmith@usgs.gov","contributorId":1532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Douglas","email":"dgsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":476,"text":"North Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":143429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eimers, Jo Leslie","contributorId":52946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eimers","given":"Jo Leslie","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":22163,"text":"ofr96513B - 1997 - Significant metalliferous and selected non-metalliferous lode deposits and placer districts for the Russian Far East, Alaska, and the Canadian Cordillera","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-23T19:41:31.637146","indexId":"ofr96513B","displayToPublicDate":"1997-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-513","chapter":"B","title":"Significant metalliferous and selected non-metalliferous lode deposits and placer districts for the Russian Far East, Alaska, and the Canadian Cordillera","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr96513B","usgsCitation":"Nokleberg, W.J., Bundtzen, T., Dawson, K.M., Eremin, R.A., Goryachev, N., Koch, R.D., Ratkin, V.V., Rozenblum, I.S., Shpikerman, V.I., Frolov, Y.F., Gorodinsky, M.E., Melnikov, V.D., Diggles, M.F., Ognyanov, N.V., Petrachenko, E.D., Petrachenko, R.I., Pozdeev, A.I., Ross, K.V., Wood, D.H., Grybeck, D., Khanchuk, A.I., Kovbas, L.I., Nekrasov, I.Y., and Sidorov, A.A., 1997, Significant metalliferous and selected non-metalliferous lode deposits and placer districts for the Russian Far East, Alaska, and the Canadian Cordillera: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-513, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96513B.","productDescription":"HTML Document","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":155496,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":409593,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index 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Vladimir V.","contributorId":79924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ratkin","given":"Vladimir","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Rozenblum, Ilya S.","contributorId":77960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rozenblum","given":"Ilya","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Shpikerman, Vladimir I.","contributorId":35766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shpikerman","given":"Vladimir","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Frolov, Yuri 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I.","contributorId":106527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kovbas","given":"Lidiya","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":22},{"text":"Nekrasov, Ivan Ya.","contributorId":87172,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nekrasov","given":"Ivan","email":"","middleInitial":"Ya.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":23},{"text":"Sidorov, Anatoly A.","contributorId":36589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sidorov","given":"Anatoly","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":24}]}} ,{"id":26703,"text":"wri974001 - 1997 - Shallow ground-water quality beneath cropland in the Red River of the North Basin, Minnesota and North Dakota, 1993-95","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-01-08T22:20:20.722735","indexId":"wri974001","displayToPublicDate":"1997-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-4001","title":"Shallow ground-water quality beneath cropland in the Red River of the North Basin, Minnesota and North Dakota, 1993-95","docAbstract":"During 1993-95, the agriculture on two sandy, surficial aquifers in the Red River of the North Basin affected the quality of shallow ground water in each aquifer differently. The Sheyenne Delta aquifer, in the western part of the basin, had land-use, hydrogeological, and rainfall characteristics that allowed few agricultural chemicals to reach or remain in the shallow ground water. The Otter Tail outwash aquifer, in the eastern part of the basin, had characteristics that caused significant amounts of nutrients and pesticides to reach and remain in the shallow ground water. Shallow ground water from both aquifers is dominated by calcium, magnesium, and bicarbonate ions. During the respective sampling periods, water from the Sheyenne Delta aquifer was mostly anoxic and water from the Otter Tail outwash aquifer had a median dissolved oxygen concentration of 3.6 mg/L (milligrams per liter). The median nitrate concentration was 0.03 mg/L as nitrogen (mg/L-N) in shallow ground water from the Sheyenne Delta aquifer and 6.1 mg/L-N in that from the Otter Tail outwash aquifer. Of 18 herbicides and 4 insecticides commonly used in the aquifer areas and for which analyses were done, 5 herbicides and 1 herbicide metabolite were detected in the shallow ground water from the Sheyenne Delta aquifer and 8 herbicides and 2 metabolites were detected in that from the Otter Tail outwash aquifer. The total herbicide concentration median was less than the detection limit in shallow ground water from the Sheyenne Delta aquifer and 0.023 μg/L (micorgrams per liter) in that from the Otter Tail outwash aquifer. Triazine herbicides were the most commonly detected herbicides and were detected at the highest concentrations in the shallow ground water from both study areas. One sample from the Sheyenne Delta aquifer contained a high concentration of picloram. Agricultural chemicals in both aquifers were stratified vertically and their concentration correlated inversely with ground-water age. The highest concentrations of these chemicals and the youngest ground-water ages were at the water table. Concentrations decreased and age increased with water-table depth. Nitrate concentration varied seasonally over one-half an order of magnitude, though concentrations only repeated seasonally in some shallow ground water.
\nLand-use factors that increased nitrate and herbicide concentrations were greater tilled area, chemical application, irrigation, and cropland contiguity. Hydrogeological factors that increased these concentrations were a deeper watertable (higher oxygen concentration and less organic carbon), larger grain-size and degree of sorting of aquifer material (shorter time in the soil zone and aquifer), and fewer sulfur-containing minerals (lignite and pyrite) composing the aquifer. High rainfall, just before sampling of the Sheyenne Delta aquifer, contributed to the relatively low nitrate and pesticide concentrations in the shallow ground water of this aquifer by raising the water table higher into the soil zone, increasing ponded water (increasing biodegradation), preventing some chemical application (flooded fields), and leaching and then displacing nitrate-rich water downward, beneath new recharge. The shallow ground-water quality measured beneath cropland in these land-use study areas covers a large range. The land-use, hydrogeological, and rainfall factors controlling this quality also control shallow ground-water quality in other surficial aquifers in the Red River of the North Basin. Although not used for drinking water, 43% of the shallow ground water from the Otter Tail outwash aquifer was above the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's nitrate maximum contaminant level of 10 mg/L-N, reducing its potential uses. These high nitrate concentrations do not threaten the Otter Tail outwash aquifer's surface-water bodies with eutrophication however, because significant denitrification occurs beneath riparian wetlands before ground water discharges to surface waters.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Mounds View, MN","doi":"10.3133/wri974001","usgsCitation":"Cowdery, T.K., 1997, Shallow ground-water quality beneath cropland in the Red River of the North Basin, Minnesota and North Dakota, 1993-95: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 97-4001, vii, 52 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri974001.","productDescription":"vii, 52 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1993-01-01","temporalEnd":"1995-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science 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Louisiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-13T14:10:29","indexId":"70129380","displayToPublicDate":"1997-10-21T12:37:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1871,"text":"Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies Transactions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling waves and circulation in Lake Pontchartrain, Louisiana","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey is conducting a study of storm-driven sediment resuspension and transport in Lake Pontchartrain, Louisiana. Two critical processes related to sediment transport in the lake are (1) the resuspension of sediments due to wind-generated storm waves and (2) the movement of resuspended material by lake currents during storm wind events. The potential for sediment resuspension is being studied with the wave prediction model which simulates local generation of waves by wind and shallow-water effects on waves (refraction, shoaling, bottom friction, and breaking). Long-term wind measurements are then used to determine the regional \"climate\" of bottom orbital velocity (showing the spatial and temporal variability of wave-induced currents at the bottom). The circulation of the lake is being studied with a three-dimensional hydrodynamic model. Results of the modeling effort indicate that remote forcing due to water levels in Mississippi Sound dominate the circulation near the passes in the eastern end of the lake, while local wind forcing dominates water movement in the western end. During typical storms with winds from the north-northeast or the south-southeast, currents along the south coast near New Orleans generally transport material westward, while material in the central region moves against the wind. When periods of sustained winds are followed by a drop in coastal sea level, a large amount of suspended sediment can be flushed from the lake.","language":"English","publisher":"Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies","usgsCitation":"Signell, R.P., and List, J., 1997, Modeling waves and circulation in Lake Pontchartrain, Louisiana: Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies Transactions, v. 47, p. 529-532.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"529","endPage":"532","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":295561,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://archives.datapages.com/data/gcags/data/047/047001/0529.htm"},{"id":295562,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Lake Pontchartrain","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.46829223632812,\n 30.021543509740027\n ],\n [\n -89.74319458007812,\n 30.021543509740027\n ],\n [\n -89.74319458007812,\n 30.421440372174192\n ],\n [\n -90.46829223632812,\n 30.421440372174192\n ],\n [\n -90.46829223632812,\n 30.021543509740027\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"47","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"544775b5e4b0f888a81b832f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Signell, Richard P. rsignell@usgs.gov","contributorId":1435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Signell","given":"Richard","email":"rsignell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":503641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"List, Jeffrey H. jlist@usgs.gov","contributorId":2416,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"List","given":"Jeffrey H.","email":"jlist@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":503642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70128984,"text":"70128984 - 1997 - Sea-floor geology of a part of Mamala Bay, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-15T14:16:47","indexId":"70128984","displayToPublicDate":"1997-10-15T14:12:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2990,"text":"Pacific Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sea-floor geology of a part of Mamala Bay, Hawaii","docAbstract":"We surveyed the sea-floor geology within a 200-km2 area of Mamala Bay, off Honolulu, Hawaii by collecting and analyzing sidescan sonar images, 3.5-kHz profiles, video and still visual images, and box-core samples. The study area extends from 20-m water depth on the insular shelf to 600-m water depth in a southeast-trending trough. The sidescan images depict three principal types of sea-floor material: low-backscatter natural sediment, high-backscatter drowned carbonate reef, and intermediate-backscatter dredged-material deposits. Cores indicate that the natural sediment is muddy sand, composed of carbonate reef and microfauna debris with some volcanic grains. Vague areal trends in composition are evident. The dredged material comprises poorly sorted, cobble- to clay-size mixtures of reef, volcanic, and man-made debris, up to 35 cm thick. Dredged-material deposits are not evident in the 3.5-kHz profiles. In the sidescan images they appear as isolated, circular to subcircular imprints, apparently formed by individual drops, around the periphery of their occurrence, but they overlap and coalesce to a nearly continuous, intermediate-backscatter blanket toward the center of three disposal sites investigated.
\nWe did not observe significant currents during our camera surveys, but there is abundant evidence of sediment reworking: symmetrical and asymmetrical ripples in the visual images, sand waves in the 3.5-kHz profiles and side-scan images, moats around the reefs in 3.5-kHz profiles, winnowed dredged material in the visual images, and burial of dredged material by natural sediment in cores. Most current indicators imply a westerly to northwesterly transport direction, along contours or up-slope, although there are a few areas of easterly indicators. Internal waves probably drive the transport; their possible existence is implied by measured water-column density gradients.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pacific Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"University of Hawaii Press","usgsCitation":"Hampton, M.A., Torresan, M.E., and Barber, J.H., 1997, Sea-floor geology of a part of Mamala Bay, Hawaii: Pacific Science, v. 51, no. 1, p. 54-75.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"54","endPage":"75","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":295346,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":295345,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/handle/10125/3096"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","volume":"51","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"543f8c9de4b065f4ad22cf8b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hampton, Monty A. mhampton@usgs.gov","contributorId":4393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hampton","given":"Monty","email":"mhampton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":503250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Torresan, Michael E. mtorresan@usgs.gov","contributorId":4392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Torresan","given":"Michael","email":"mtorresan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":503249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barber, John H. Jr.","contributorId":102821,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barber","given":"John","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":30018,"text":"wri964038D - 1997 - Fish communities of benchmark streams in agricultural areas of eastern Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-22T15:03:59","indexId":"wri964038D","displayToPublicDate":"1997-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-4038","chapter":"D","title":"Fish communities of benchmark streams in agricultural areas of eastern Wisconsin","docAbstract":"Fish communities were surveyed at 20 stream sites in agricultural areas in eastern Wisconsin in 1993 and 1995 as part of the National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program. These streams, designated \"benchmark streams,\" were selected for study because of their potential use as regional references for healthy streams in agricultural areas, based on aquatic communities, habitat, and water chemistry. The agricultural benchmark streams were selected from four physical settings, or relatively homogeneous units (RHU's), that differ in bedrock type, texture of surficial deposits, and land use. Additional data were collected along with the fish-community data, including measures of habitat, water chemistry, and population surveys of algae and benthic invertebrates. Of the 20 sites, 19 are classified as trout (salmonid) streams. Fish species that require cold or cool water were the most commonly collected. At least one species of trout was collected at 18 sites, and trout were the most abundant species at 13 sites. The species with the greatest collective abundance, and collected at 18 of the 20 sites, were mottled sculpin (Cottus bairdi), a coldwater species. The next most abundant species were brown trout (Salmo trutta), followed by brook trout (Salvelinusfontinalis), creek chub (Semotilus atromaculatus), and longnose dace (Rhinichthys cataractae). In all, 31 species of fish were collected. The number of species per stream ranged from 2 to 14, and the number of individuals collected ranged from 19 to 264. According to Index of Biotic Integrity (IBI) scores, 5 sites were rated excellent, 10 sites rated good, 4 rated fair, and 1 rated poor. The ratings of the five sites in the fair to poor range were low for various reasons. Two sites appeared to have more warmwater species than was ideal for a high-quality coldwater stream. One was sampled during high flow and the results may not be valid for periods of normal flow; the other may have been populated by migrating warmwater species. Two sites had insufficient deep-water habitat to support large numbers offish, especially top carnivores. Finally, one stream may be too cool to support enough warmwater species and too warm to support trout. In general, two methods of evaluating site habitat indicate that habitat is not a limiting factor for fish communities. However, two sites were rated as fair according to both habitat evaluation methods due to low base flow. Two sites rated below good according to one habitat evaluation method but rated good or excellent according to the other. Detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) of data for 17 sites showed three station groupings. These groupings fell along RHU divisions and each group was associated with one of three trout species. A species-richness gradient was evident on the station-ordination diagram. Intolerant species were associated with each grouping, a reflection of the generally high water quality at the sites. However, no significant differences were found between IBI scores or habitat indices among the site groupings. The DCA axis 1 and 2 scores correlated with average velocity and percent pool as well as RHU factors percent sandy surficial deposits, percent wetland, percent agriculture, and bedrock. Average velocity was highest at three sites which also had among the highest measured flow and largest drainage areas. Percent pool was generally lower at sites with smaller percentages of sandy surficial deposits, with one exception. The usefulness of ordination methods in conjunction with more traditional methods of defining biotic integrity (IB I) has been noted in previous studies. In this study, however, perhaps because of the relative homogeneity of the benchmark streams, the IBI did not correlate with the same kinds of factors as the DCA axis scores did.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri964038D","usgsCitation":"Sullivan, D.J., and Peterson, E.M., 1997, Fish communities of benchmark streams in agricultural areas of eastern Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4038, vi, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri964038D.","productDescription":"vi, 23 p.","numberOfPages":"28","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":119531,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4038d/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58823,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4038d/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Lake Michigan","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.483642578125,\n 43.1090040242731\n ],\n [\n -89.483642578125,\n 45.46783598133375\n ],\n [\n -86.737060546875,\n 45.46783598133375\n ],\n [\n -86.737060546875,\n 43.1090040242731\n ],\n [\n -89.483642578125,\n 43.1090040242731\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publicComments":"National Water-Quality Assessment Program: Western Lake Michigan Drainages","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f9e4b07f02db5f3189","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sullivan, D. J.","contributorId":94693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sullivan","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peterson, E. M.","contributorId":70805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70019637,"text":"70019637 - 1997 - The paradox of nonmarine ichnofaunas in tidal rhythmites; integrating sedimentologic and ichnologic data from the Late Cretaceous of eastern Kansas, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-11T16:47:33.191431","indexId":"70019637","displayToPublicDate":"1997-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3000,"text":"Palaios","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The paradox of nonmarine ichnofaunas in tidal rhythmites; integrating sedimentologic and ichnologic data from the Late Cretaceous of eastern Kansas, USA","docAbstract":"The occurrence of trace fossil assemblages dominated by arthropod trackways and surface grazing trails within Carboniferous tidal rhythmites has puzzled sedimentologists and ichnologists, who interpreted them either as marine or nonmarine. The Virgilian (Stephanian) Tonganoxie Sandstone Member (Stranger Formation) at Buildex Quarry (eastern Kansas) consists, for the most part, of planar-laminated coarse-grained siltstones deposited on an upper tidal flat, close to or at the fluvial-estuarine transition of a macrotidal estuarine paleovalley. Recurrent thickness fluctuations demonstrate the strong influence of tidal processes and provide evidence that these deposits are tidal rhythmites, with thicker strata representing spring tides and thinner ones recording neap tides. The Buildex sequence hosts a moderately diverse ichnofauna composed of arthropod trackways (Dendroidichnites irregulare, Diplichnites gouldi, Diplopodichnus bifurcus, Kouphichnium isp., Mirandaichnium famatinense, Stiallia pilosa, Stiaria intermedia), grazing traces (Gordia indianaensis, Helminthoidichnites tenuis, Helminthopsis hieroglyphica), subsurface feeding traces (Treptichnus bifurcus, T. pollardi, irregular networks), apterygote insect resting and feeding traces (Tonganoxichnus buildexensis, T. ottawensis), fish traces (Undichna britannica, U. simplicitas), and tetrapod trackways. In contrast to trace fossil assemblages from brackish-water estuarine settings, the Buildex ichnofauna is characterized by moderate to relatively high ichnodiversity, ichnotaxa commonly present in terrestrial/freshwater environments, dominance of surface trails and absence of burrows, dominance of temporary structures produced by a mobile deposit-feeder fauna, a mixture of traces belonging to the Scoyenia and Mermia ichnofacies, moderate density of individual ichnotaxa, and absence of monospecific suites. This ichnofauna is thought to record the activity of a typical freshwater/terrestrial benthos. The presence of this mixed freshwater/terrestrial ichnofauna in tidal rhythmites is regarded as indicative of tidal flats that were developed in the most proximal zone of the inner estuary under freshwater conditions, more precisely in a zone between the maximum limit of landward tidal currents and the salinity limit further towards the sea. Although lithofacies distribution in estuarine valleys is mainly salinity-independent, the distribution of benthos is not. Accordingly, ichnologic studies have the potential to provide a high-resolution delineation of fluvio-estuarine transitions.","language":"English","publisher":"GeoScienceWorld","doi":"10.2307/3515384","usgsCitation":"Buatois, L.A., Mangano, M., and Maples, C.G., 1997, The paradox of nonmarine ichnofaunas in tidal rhythmites; integrating sedimentologic and ichnologic data from the Late Cretaceous of eastern Kansas, USA: Palaios, v. 12, no. 5, p. 467-481, https://doi.org/10.2307/3515384.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"467","endPage":"481","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228285,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas","otherGeospatial":"eastern Kansas","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -97.6413862458381,\n 40.016343063499875\n ],\n [\n -97.6413862458381,\n 36.95795102522135\n ],\n [\n -94.62208436793321,\n 36.95795102522135\n ],\n [\n -94.62208436793321,\n 40.016343063499875\n ],\n [\n -97.6413862458381,\n 40.016343063499875\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"12","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bae7ce4b08c986b324125","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buatois, Luis A. 0000-0001-9523-750X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9523-750X","contributorId":195823,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Buatois","given":"Luis","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":35641,"text":"Kansas Geological Survey","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":383393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mangano, M. Gabirela","contributorId":208037,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mangano","given":"M. Gabirela","affiliations":[{"id":13248,"text":"University of Saskatchewan","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":383391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Maples, Christopher G.","contributorId":87396,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Maples","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":35641,"text":"Kansas Geological Survey","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":383390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":23333,"text":"ofr9797 - 1997 - Quaternary geology of Alameda County, and parts of Contra Costa, Santa Clara, San Mateo, San Francisco, Stanislaus, and San Joaquin Counties, California: A digital database","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-08T14:41:28.882276","indexId":"ofr9797","displayToPublicDate":"1997-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-97","title":"Quaternary geology of Alameda County, and parts of Contra Costa, Santa Clara, San Mateo, San Francisco, Stanislaus, and San Joaquin Counties, California: A digital database","docAbstract":"Alameda County is located at the northern end of the Diablo Range of Central California. It is bounded on the north by the south flank of Mount Diablo, one of the highest peaks in the Bay Area, reaching an elevation of 1173 meters (3,849 ft). San Francisco Bay forms the western boundary, the San Joaquin Valley borders it on the east and an arbitrary line from the Bay into the Diablo Range forms the southern boundary. Alameda is one of the nine Bay Area counties tributary to San Francisco Bay. Most of the country is mountainous with steep rugged topography. Alameda County is covered by twenty-eight 7.5' topographic Quadrangles which are shown on the index map.
\nThe Quaternary deposits in Alameda County comprise three distinct depositional environments. One, forming a transgressive sequence of alluvial fan and fan-delta facies, is mapped in the western one-third of the county. The second, forming only alluvial fan facies, is mapped in the Livermore Valley and San Joaquin Valley in the eastern part of the county. The third, forming a combination of Eolian dune and estuarine facies, is restricted to the Alameda Island area in the northwestern corner of the county.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr9797","usgsCitation":"Helley, E.J., and Graymer, R., 1997, Quaternary geology of Alameda County, and parts of Contra Costa, Santa Clara, San Mateo, San Francisco, Stanislaus, and San Joaquin Counties, California: A digital database: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-97, Report: 13 p.; 2 Plates: 36.51 x 33.21 inches and 20.00 × 14.89 inches; Readme; Database; Maps: PostScript files, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9797.","productDescription":"Report: 13 p.; 2 Plates: 36.51 x 33.21 inches and 20.00 × 14.89 inches; Readme; Database; Maps: PostScript files","numberOfPages":"13","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":284223,"rank":6,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr9797.jpg"},{"id":1693,"rank":9,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0097/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":404091,"rank":8,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_18708.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":284217,"rank":5,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0097/al_q1_readme.txt"},{"id":284218,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0097/pdf/alqmap.pdf","text":"Plate 1","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":284220,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0097/pdf/alqexpl.pdf","text":"Plate 2","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":284222,"rank":2,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0097/alqps.tar.Z"},{"id":284221,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0097/al_q1.tar.Z"},{"id":284219,"rank":1,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0097/pdf/alqgeo.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":52632,"rank":10,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0097/pdf/of97-97.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"100000","projection":"Stateplane projection","country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Alameda County, Contra Costa County, San Francisco County, San Joaquin County, San Mateo County, Santa Clara County, Stanislaus County","otherGeospatial":"Diablo Range, Mount Diablo","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.375,37.375 ], [ -122.375,38.0 ], [ -121.375,38.0 ], [ -121.375,37.375 ], [ -122.375,37.375 ] ] ] } } ] }","publicComments":"The USGS does not support this software or technical questions for the software associated with the publication.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db64a1a2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Helley, E. J.","contributorId":76330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helley","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Graymer, R. W.","contributorId":21174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graymer","given":"R. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":29139,"text":"wri964242 - 1997 - The relation between hydrogeology and water quality of the Lower Floridan Aquifer in Duval County, Florida, and implications for monitoring movement of saline water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-01T20:54:24.033432","indexId":"wri964242","displayToPublicDate":"1997-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-4242","title":"The relation between hydrogeology and water quality of the Lower Floridan Aquifer in Duval County, Florida, and implications for monitoring movement of saline water","docAbstract":"The hydrogeology of the Upper zone of the Lower Floridan aquifer and its relation to water quality were evaluated during a 3-year (1993-96) study. The Floridan aquifer system, a carbonate aquifer system composed of the Upper Floridan aquifer, a middle semi-confining unit, and the Lower Floridan aquifer, is the major source of water supply in northeastern Florida. The Lower Floridan aquifer is further subdivided into the Upper zone, a semi-confining unit, and the Fernandina permeable zone. As a result of increased withdrawals, heads in the aquifer system have declined and at the same time chloride concentrations have increased in the water from many wells in Duval County. A better understanding of the sources of and pathways for movement of brackish water is needed so that water managers can monitor the movement of brackish water and plan future water development. \r\n\r\nMost of the wells in Duval County deeper than 900 feet penetrate the Upper Floridan aquifer and the Upper zone of the Lower Floridan aquifer. Transmissivity estimates for these zones range from 2,000 to 194,000 feet squared per day. Permeability in the Upper zone of the Lower Floridan aquifer is primarily related to secondary porosity developed along bedding planes, joints, and fractures as a result of paleokarst processes. The Upper zone is about 300 to 500 feet thick in Duval County, based on the geophysical logs of about 40 wells ranging in depth from about 1,000 to 2,200 feet. In some areas the Upper zone has a single flow zone, but in other areas, two distinct flow zones are apparent. \r\n\r\nWater samples collected during this study confirm the continued increase in chloride concentrations in both the Upper Floridan aquifer and the Upper zone of the Lower Floridan aquifer. Most of the observed increases are in the eastern part of the county, but a pattern in the locations of wells yielding water with chloride increases is not discernible. In some areas, zones bearing brackish water are underlain by zones of fresher water, but in other areas, fresher water was not found beneath the brackish water. A single fracture or solution feature was the source of brackish water in several wells. \r\n\r\nThe most likely source of brackish water to the Upper zone of the Lower Floridan aquifer is the underlying Fernandina permeable zone, which contains freshwater in the western part of the county but saline water in the eastern part. The pathways for movement of saline water are interconnecting vertical and horizontal fracture or solution zones probably developed along paleokarst features that are not mappable from the land surface; therefore, a conventional monitor-well network probably would not provide early warning of saline-water intrusion. Continued monitoring of water-quality trends in water-supply wells, combined with collection of additional surface and borehole geophysical data, can provide an increased understanding of the movement of brackish water in the Floridan aquifer system.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri964242","usgsCitation":"Phelps, G.G., and Spechler, R., 1997, The relation between hydrogeology and water quality of the Lower Floridan Aquifer in Duval County, Florida, and implications for monitoring movement of saline water: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4242, v, 58 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri964242.","productDescription":"v, 58 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159378,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":2331,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri964242/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":409024,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_48572.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","county":"Duval County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82,\n 30.5\n ],\n [\n -82,\n 30.1267\n ],\n [\n -81.333,\n 30.1267\n ],\n [\n -81.333,\n 30.5\n ],\n [\n -82,\n 30.5\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a17e4b07f02db604256","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Phelps, G. G.","contributorId":82346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phelps","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Spechler, R. M.","contributorId":85961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spechler","given":"R. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":26582,"text":"wri974094 - 1997 - Geologic framework of the Edwards Aquifer and upper confining unit, and hydrogeologic characteristics of the Edwards Aquifer, south-central Uvalde County, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-17T16:07:27","indexId":"wri974094","displayToPublicDate":"1997-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-4094","title":"Geologic framework of the Edwards Aquifer and upper confining unit, and hydrogeologic characteristics of the Edwards Aquifer, south-central Uvalde County, Texas","docAbstract":"The stratigraphic units of the Edwards aquifer in south-central Uvalde County generally are porous and permeable. The stratigraphic units that compose the Edwards aquifer in south-central Uvalde County are the Devils River Formation in the Devils River trend; and the West Nueces, McKnight, and Salmon Peak Formations in the Maverick Basin. The Balcones fault zone is the principal structural feature in Uvalde County; however, the displacement along the fault zone is less in Uvalde County than in adjacent Medina and Bexar Counties to the east. The Uvalde Salient is a structural high in south-central Uvalde County, and consists of several closely connected crustal uplifts that bring Edwards aquifer strata to the surface generally forming prominent hills. The crustal uplifts forming this structural high are the remnants of intrusive and extrusive magnatic activity. Six primary faults—Cooks, Black Mountain, Blue Mountain, Uvalde, Agape, and Connor—cross the length of the study area from the southwest to the northeast juxtaposing the Lower Cretaceous Salmon Peak Formation at the surface in the northwestern part of the study area against Upper Cretaceous formations in the central part of the study area. In the study area, the porosity of the rocks in the Edwards aquifer is related to depositional or diagenetic elements along specific stratigraphic horizons (fabric selective) and to dissolution and structural elements that can occur in any lithostratigraphic horizon (not fabric selective). Permeability depends on the physical properties of the rock such as size, shape, distribution of pores, and fissuring and dissolution. The middle 185 feet of the lower part of the Devils River Formation, the upper part of the Devils River Formation, and the upper unit of the Salmon Peak Formation probably are the most porous and permeable stratigraphic zones of the Edwards aquifer in south-central Uvalde County.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Austin, TX","doi":"10.3133/wri974094","collaboration":"In cooperation with the San Antonio Water System","usgsCitation":"Clark, A.K., and Small, T.A., 1997, Geologic framework of the Edwards Aquifer and upper confining unit, and hydrogeologic characteristics of the Edwards Aquifer, south-central Uvalde County, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 97-4094, Document: iii, 11 p.; Plate: 24.5 x 20.5 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri974094.","productDescription":"Document: iii, 11 p.; Plate: 24.5 x 20.5 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":124831,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri_97_4094.jpg"},{"id":1983,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri97-4094/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","county":"Uvalde County","otherGeospatial":"Edward Aquifer","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -99.875,\n 29.375\n ],\n [\n -99.5,\n 29.375\n ],\n [\n -99.5,\n 29.25\n ],\n [\n -99.5625,\n 29.25\n ],\n [\n -99.633333,\n 29.158333\n ],\n [\n -99.633333,\n 29.125\n ],\n [\n -99.875,\n 29.125\n ],\n [\n -99.875,\n 29.375\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a88a1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, Allan K. 0000-0003-0099-1521 akclark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0099-1521","contributorId":1279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Allan","email":"akclark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":196657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Small, Ted A.","contributorId":77533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Small","given":"Ted","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":4972,"text":"fs02797 - 1997 - Occurrence of selected organochlorine compounds in fish tissue from eastern Iowa streams, 1995","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-21T15:10:48","indexId":"fs02797","displayToPublicDate":"1997-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"027-97","title":"Occurrence of selected organochlorine compounds in fish tissue from eastern Iowa streams, 1995","docAbstract":"Human activities have caused dramatic changes to our Nation's landscape for over a century. Use of synthetic organic compounds in agriculture and industry has resulted in the accumulation and persistence of some of these compounds in natural systems. Concern has arisen over the contamination of our Nation's waters and the organisms that depend on them.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs02797","usgsCitation":"Roberts, L.R., 1997, Occurrence of selected organochlorine compounds in fish tissue from eastern Iowa streams, 1995: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 027-97, 1 sheet : col. ill., col. map ; 43 x 28 cm. folded to 22 x 28 cm. col. ill., col. map ;, https://doi.org/10.3133/fs02797.","productDescription":"1 sheet : col. ill., col. map ; 43 x 28 cm. folded to 22 x 28 cm. col. ill., col. map ;","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":31820,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1997/0027/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":126558,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1997/0027/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa, 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of ground-water flow for the Ohio River alluvial aquifer near Owensboro, northwestern Kentucky","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:02","indexId":"wri964274","displayToPublicDate":"1997-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-4274","title":"Geohydrology and simulation of ground-water flow for the Ohio River alluvial aquifer near Owensboro, northwestern Kentucky","docAbstract":"The Ohio River alluvial aquifer is the primary source of drinking water for the residents of Owensboro and Daviess County and adjacent counties in Kentucky. The aquifer consists of sand and gravel deposits that partly fill a bedrock-valley system consisting of shales of Pennsylvanian age. The valley is a result of dissection by the Ohio River during the Pleistocene epoch. The sand and gravel deposits in the bedrock valley are glacial-outwash deposits of Illinoian and Wisconsin age. The thickness of the alluvium ranges from just a few feet near the bedrock-valley walls to nearly 150 feet in the Bon Harbor Hills area west of Owensboro. Estimates of transmissivity of the alluvium near the Ohio River are in excess of 50,000 gallons per day per foot. A two-dimensional, steady-state ground-water-flow model was developed to estimate the hydraulic properties, the rate of recharge, and the contributing areas to discharge boundaries for the Ohio River alluvial aquifer near Owensboro. Results from previous studies, available geohydrologic data, and observations of water levels from area ground-water wells were compiled to conceptualize the ground-water-flow system and construct the numerical model. Ground water enters the modeled area primarily by infiltration from precipitation and river leakage towards nearby wells and exits the modeled area primarily by withdrawal wells, flow through the valley across model boundaries, and discharge to the Ohio River. A sensitivity analysis of the model indicates the model is most sensitive to changes in horizontal hydraulic conductivity, especially near the Ohio River boundary. Particle tracking was used to compute the contributing areas to discharge boundaries. Contributing areas for withdrawal wells at Owensboro Municipal Utilities extended south and east toward the valley walls and model boundaries and toward the Ohio River, where most of the water withdrawn by the wells is from induced flow from the river.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri964274","usgsCitation":"Unthank, M., 1997, Geohydrology and simulation of ground-water flow for the Ohio River alluvial aquifer near Owensboro, northwestern Kentucky: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4274, iv, 29 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri964274.","productDescription":"iv, 29 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":122750,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4274/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":59049,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4274/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a8c4e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Unthank, M.D.","contributorId":35351,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Unthank","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":29351,"text":"wri964296 - 1997 - Hydrologic conditions and hazards in the Kennicott River Basin, Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-12T21:37:47.705135","indexId":"wri964296","displayToPublicDate":"1997-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-4296","title":"Hydrologic conditions and hazards in the Kennicott River Basin, Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve, Alaska","docAbstract":"McCarthy, Alaska, is on the Kennicott River, about 1 mile from the terminus of Kennicott Glacier in the Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve. Most visitors to McCarthy and the park cross the West Fork Kennicott River using a hand-pulled tram and cross the East Fork Kennicott River on a temporary footbridge. Outburst floods from glacier-dammed lakes result in channel erosion, aggradation, and migration of the Kennicott River, which disrupt transportation links, destroy property, and threaten life. Hidden Creek Lake, the largest of six glacier-dammed lakes in the Kennicott River Basin, has annual outbursts that cause the largest floods on the Kennicott River. Outbursts from Hidden Creek Lake occur from early fall to mid-summer, and lake levels at the onset of the outbursts have declined between 1909 and 1995. Criteria for impending outbursts for Hidden Creek Lake include lake stage near or above 3,000 to 3,020 feet, stationary or declining lake stage, evidence of recent calving of large ice blocks from the ice margin, slush ice and small icebergs stranded on the lakeshore, and fresh fractures in the ice-margin region. \r\n\r\nThe lower Kennicott Glacier has thinned and retreated since about 1860. The East and West Fork Kennicott River channels migrated in response to changes in the lower Kennicott Glacier. The largest channel changes occur during outburst floods from Hidden Creek Lake, whereas channel changes from the other glacier-dammed lake outbursts are small. Each year, the West Fork Kennicott River conveys a larger percentage of the Kennicott Glacier drainage than it did the previous year.\r\n\r\nOutburst floods on the Kennicott River cause the river stage to rise over a period of several hours. Smaller spike peaks have a very rapid stage rise. Potential flood magnitude was estimated by combining known maximum discharges from Hidden Creek Lake and Lake Erie outburst floods with a theoretical large regional flood. Flood hazard areas at the transportation corridor were delineated, and possible future geomorphological changes were hypothesized.\r\nMcCarthy, Alaska, is on the Kennicott River, about 1 mile from the terminus of Kennicott Glacier in the Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve. Most visitors to McCarthy and the park cross the West Fork Kennicott River using a hand-pulled tram and cross the East Fork Kennicott River on a temporary footbridge. Outburst floods from glacier-dammed lakes result in channel erosion, aggradation, and migration of the Kennicott River, which disrupt transportation links, destroy property, and threaten life. Hidden Creek Lake, the largest of six glacier-dammed lakes in the Kennicott River Basin, has annual outbursts that cause the largest floods on the Kennicott River. Outbursts from Hidden Creek Lake occur from early fall to mid-summer, and lake levels at the onset of the outbursts have declined between 1909 and 1995. Criteria for impending outbursts for Hidden Creek Lake include lake stage near or above 3,000 to 3,020 feet, stationary or declining lake stage, evidence of recent calving of large ice blocks from the ice margin, slush ice and small icebergs stranded on the lakeshore, and fresh fractures in the ice-margin region. \r\n\r\nThe lower Kennicott Glacier has thinned and retreated since about 1860. The East and West Fork Kennicott River channels migrated in response to changes in the lower Kennicott Glacier. The largest channel changes occur during outburst floods from Hidden Creek Lake, whereas channel changes from the other glacier-dammed lake outbursts are small. Each year, the West Fork Kennicott River conveys a larger percentage of the Kennicott Glacier drainage than it did the previous year.\r\n\r\nOutburst floods on the Kennicott River cause the river stage to rise over a period of several hours. Smaller spike peaks have a very rapid stage rise. Potential flood magnitude was estimated by combining known maximum discharges from Hidden Creek Lake and Lake Erie outburst floods with","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri964296","usgsCitation":"Rickman, R.L., and Rosenkrans, D., 1997, Hydrologic conditions and hazards in the Kennicott River Basin, Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4296, 96 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri964296.","productDescription":"96 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":394284,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_48618.htm"},{"id":58203,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4296/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":118901,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4296/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Kennicott River Basin, Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -143.25,\n 61.3833\n ],\n [\n -142.7833,\n 61.3833\n ],\n [\n -142.7833,\n 61.6667\n ],\n [\n -143.25,\n 61.6667\n ],\n [\n -143.25,\n 61.3833\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a25e4b07f02db60ef1c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rickman, R. L.","contributorId":24803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rickman","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rosenkrans, D. S.","contributorId":53795,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenkrans","given":"D. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":6682,"text":"fs19296 - 1997 - Pesticides in ground water in the Western Lake Michigan Drainages, Wisconsin and Michigan, 1983-1995","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-09-29T09:21:37","indexId":"fs19296","displayToPublicDate":"1997-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"192-96","title":"Pesticides in ground water in the Western Lake Michigan Drainages, Wisconsin and Michigan, 1983-1995","docAbstract":"The NE vergent Chocolate Mountains fault of south-eastern California has been interpreted as either a subduction thrust responsible for burial and prograde metamorphism of the ensimatic Orocopia Schist or as a normal fault involved in the exhumation of the schist. Our detailed structural analysis in the Gavilan Hills area provides new evidence to confirm the latter view. A zone of deformation is present at the top of the Orocopia Schist in which lineations are parallel to those in the upper plate of the Chocolate Mountains fault but oblique to ones at relatively deep levels in the schist. Both the Orocopia Schist and upper plate contain several generations of shear zones that show a transition from crystalloblastic through mylonitic to cataclastic textures. These structures formed during retrograde metamorphism and are considered to record the exhumation of the Orocopia Schist during early Tertiary time as a result of subduction return flow. The Gatuna fault, which places low-grade, supracrustal metasediments of the Winterhaven Formation above the gneisses of the upper plate, also seems to have been active at this time. Final unroofing of the Orocopia Schist occurred during early to middle Miocene regional extension and may have involved a second phase of movement on the Gatuna fault. Formation of the Chocolate Mountains fault during exhumation indicates that its top-to-the-NE sense of movement provides no constraint on the polarity of the Orocopia Schist subduction zone. This weakens the case for a previous model involving SW dipping subduction, while providing support for the view that the Orocopia Schist is a correlative of the Franciscan Complex.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/97TC01415","issn":"02787407","usgsCitation":"Oyarzabal, F., Jacobson, C., and Haxel, G.B., 1997, Extensional reactivation of the Chocolate Mountains subduction thrust in the Gavilan Hills of southeastern California: Tectonics, v. 16, no. 4, p. 650-661, https://doi.org/10.1029/97TC01415.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"650","endPage":"661","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":495386,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/97tc01415","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":227837,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"southern California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.43316262079014,\n 35.380649853336976\n ],\n [\n -120.43316262079014,\n 32.79760076456954\n ],\n [\n -115.12226961941393,\n 32.79760076456954\n ],\n [\n -115.12226961941393,\n 35.380649853336976\n ],\n [\n -120.43316262079014,\n 35.380649853336976\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"16","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0e45e4b0c8380cd53398","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Oyarzabal, F.R.","contributorId":77306,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oyarzabal","given":"F.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jacobson, C.E.","contributorId":46234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacobson","given":"C.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haxel, Gordon B. 0000-0002-6722-7803 gbhaxel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6722-7803","contributorId":261783,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haxel","given":"Gordon","email":"gbhaxel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":383435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":44837,"text":"wri964285 - 1997 - Delineation and extent of saltwater intrusion in the Biscayne aquifer, eastern Dade County, Florida, 1995","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-14T21:21:59.078458","indexId":"wri964285","displayToPublicDate":"1997-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-4285","title":"Delineation and extent of saltwater intrusion in the Biscayne aquifer, eastern Dade County, Florida, 1995","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri964285","usgsCitation":"Sonenshein, R.S., 1997, Delineation and extent of saltwater intrusion in the Biscayne aquifer, eastern Dade County, Florida, 1995: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4285, 1 Plate: 46.71 x 30.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri964285.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 46.71 x 30.00 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":423587,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_48609.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":169190,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":82193,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4285/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","county":"Dade County","otherGeospatial":"Biscayne aquifer","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.625,\n 26\n ],\n [\n -80.625,\n 25.375\n ],\n [\n -80.125,\n 25.375\n ],\n [\n -80.125,\n 26\n ],\n [\n -80.625,\n 26\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab3e4b07f02db66f7a2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sonenshein, Roy S.","contributorId":37323,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sonenshein","given":"Roy","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70019864,"text":"70019864 - 1997 - Proterozoic sequences and their implications for Precambrian and Cambrian geologic evolution of western Kentucky: Evidence from seismic-reflection data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-29T15:32:17.659832","indexId":"70019864","displayToPublicDate":"1997-07-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3372,"text":"Seismological Research Letters","onlineIssn":"1938-2057","printIssn":"0895-0695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Proterozoic sequences and their implications for Precambrian and Cambrian geologic evolution of western Kentucky: Evidence from seismic-reflection data","docAbstract":"Analyses of two seismic-reflection lines in western Kentucky indicate the presence of two Proterozoic, unconformity-bounded sequences. One is autochthonous and of probable Late Proterozoic age; the other is allochthonous and of probable Middle Proterozoic age. Reflector patterns and apparent relationships to similar sequences elsewhere in the region suggest that the two sequences are of continental-rift origin. The two Proterozoic sequences lie beneath and adjacent to rocks of the Cambrian rift sequence in the Rough Creek Graben. The oldest sequence, the pre-Grenville sequence, was apparently folded and thrust faulted by the Grenville compressional event, implying that it is older than ???0.975 Ga (Middle Proterozoic). Two seismic-reflection pattern types are present in the western Kentucky data that may relate to the Middle Run (lithic arenite) and volcanic sequences defined farther east near the Grenville Front. The presence of imbricate, thrust-belt geometries in the pre-Grenville sequence extends the known westward limit of Grenville compressional structures into western Kentucky. The younger, post-Grenville sequence is less deformed and was apparently formed after the Grenville compressional event; several lines of evidence indicate that it is Late Proterozoic (0.7 to 0.6 Ga) in age. This probable siliciclastic and volcanic-rift sequence is represented by only thin remnants in western Kentucky and has no equivalent near the Grenville Front in southwestern Ohio and central Kentucky. Rocks of the better documented Cambrian rifting event belong to the thick, pre-Knox sequence in the Rough Creek Graben of western Kentucky and lie unconformably above these earlier sequences. A previously undocumented, northward-thickening interval within the lower part of the Cambrian pre-Knox sequence is recognized north of the Rough Creek Graben.","language":"English","publisher":"GeoScienceWorld","doi":"10.1785/gssrl.68.4.553","issn":"00128287","usgsCitation":"Drahovzal, J.A., 1997, Proterozoic sequences and their implications for Precambrian and Cambrian geologic evolution of western Kentucky: Evidence from seismic-reflection data: Seismological Research Letters, v. 68, no. 4, p. 553-566, https://doi.org/10.1785/gssrl.68.4.553.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"553","endPage":"566","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228101,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kentucky","otherGeospatial":"western Kentucky","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.35472872141455,\n 37.745064510655624\n ],\n [\n -89.18132292227347,\n 36.61709127153813\n ],\n [\n -83.66907845195124,\n 36.5906724521372\n ],\n [\n -83.34074263376083,\n 38.55981030192171\n ],\n [\n -84.46781373522816,\n 39.07571757086501\n ],\n [\n -86.14243241382523,\n 38.1953768619407\n ],\n [\n -88.35472872141455,\n 37.745064510655624\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"68","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8f7be4b0c8380cd7f7b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Drahovzal, James A.","contributorId":74772,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Drahovzal","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}