The endangered Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris) inhabits the subtropical waters of the southeastern United States, where hurricanes are a regular occurrence. Using mark-resighting statistical models, we analyzed 19 years of photo-identification data and detected significant annual variation in adult survival for a subpopulation in northwest Florida where human impact is low. That variation coincided with years when intense hurricanes (Category 3 or greater on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale) and a major winter storm occurred in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Mean survival probability during years with no or low intensity storms was 0.972 (approximate 95% confidence interval = 0.961-0.980) but dropped to 0.936 (0.864-0.971) in 1985 with Hurricanes Elena, Kate, and Juan; to 0.909 (0.837-0.951) in 1993 with the March \"Storm of the Century\"; and to 0.817 (0.735-0.878) in 1995 with Hurricanes Opal, Erin, and Allison. These drops in survival probability were not catastrophic in magnitude and were detected because of the use of state-of-the-art statistical techniques and the quality of the data. Because individuals of this small population range extensively along the north Gulf coast of Florida, it was possible to resolve storm effects on a regional scale rather than the site-specific local scale common to studies of more sedentary species. This is the first empirical evidence in support of storm effects on manatee survival and suggests a cause-effect relationship. The decreases in survival could be due to direct mortality, indirect mortality, and/or emigration from the region as a consequence of storms. Future impacts to the population by a single catastrophic hurricane, or series of smaller hurricanes, could increase the probability of extinction. With the advent in 1995 of a new 25- to 50-yr cycle of greater hurricane activity, and longer term change possible with global climate change, it becomes all the more important to reduce mortality and injury from boats and other human causes and control the loss of foraging habitat to coastal development.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/1051-0761(2003)013[0257:LSPFAF]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Langtimm, C., and Beck, C., 2003, Lower survival probabilities for adult Florida manatees in years with intense coastal storms: Ecological Applications, v. 13, no. 1, p. 257-268, https://doi.org/10.1890/1051-0761(2003)013[0257:LSPFAF]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"257","endPage":"268","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":488933,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1890/1051-0761(2003)013[0257:lspfaf]2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":234575,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Mexico","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -86.0888671875,\n 26.45090222367262\n ],\n [\n -82.342529296875,\n 26.45090222367262\n ],\n [\n -82.342529296875,\n 30.363396239603716\n ],\n [\n -86.0888671875,\n 30.363396239603716\n ],\n [\n -86.0888671875,\n 26.45090222367262\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"13","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4a7de4b0c8380cd68dec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Langtimm, C.A. 0000-0001-8499-5743","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8499-5743","contributorId":71133,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Langtimm","given":"C.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beck, C.A. 0000-0002-5388-5418","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5388-5418","contributorId":78674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beck","given":"C.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70025933,"text":"70025933 - 2003 - Community metabolism during early development of a restored wetland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-20T10:36:41","indexId":"70025933","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Community metabolism during early development of a restored wetland","docAbstract":"Productivity is an important ecological function of any natural system and may be quite high in wetlands. Restoration of productive wetlands may play a key role in re-establishing ecological function to portions of the vast areas of wetlands (roughly 86%) drained and otherwise altered in the United States over the past two centuries. A restored wetland at the Montezuma National Wildlife Refuge (upstate New York, USA) was examined to determine if ecological function (i.e., productivity), as well as biotic structure, was restored. Physicochemical conditions and both aquatic and terrestrial productivity were measured at the restoration site and compared with rates and conditions in a reference wetland. Gross aquatic community production rates (based on diurnal oxygen curves) were similar at each site (1,679 and 2,311 g O2 · m−2 · yr−1) and within the range expected for the habitat. Terrestrial Net Aboveground Primary Production rates (measured by monthly biomass changes) (2,400 and 2,500 g dry wt. · m−2 · yr−1) were also similar between sites when tree and herb production were combined. Aquatic respiration rates (3,704 and 4,552 g O2 · m−2· yr−1) were also similar but high, typically more than twice as large as gross aquatic production. As a result, net aquatic production rates at both sites were usually negative, indicating that these small wetlands are organic matter sinks that satisfy aquatic respiration by consumption of both autochthonous aquatic production and imported terrestrial production. They enhance diversity of the local landscape by producing populations of aquatic consumers that cannot be supported by aquatic production alone. Typical wetland conditions and processes developed quickly after restoration, but differences in biotic community structure indicate that observed rates of production and respiration at both sites were maintained by flow through different foodweb pathways. Despite the relatively high process rates, and successional progress of the restoration site is expected to be slow.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1672/0277-5212(2003)023[0035:CMDEDO]2.0.CO;2","issn":"02775212","usgsCitation":"McKenna, J., 2003, Community metabolism during early development of a restored wetland: Wetlands, v. 23, no. 1, p. 35-50, https://doi.org/10.1672/0277-5212(2003)023[0035:CMDEDO]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"35","endPage":"50","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234721,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f809e4b0c8380cd4ce39","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McKenna, J.E. Jr.","contributorId":106065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKenna","given":"J.E.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70024693,"text":"70024693 - 2003 - Possible roles of pH, temperature, and partial dissolution in determining boron concentration and isotopic composition in planktonic foraminifera","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:14","indexId":"70024693","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3002,"text":"Paleoceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Possible roles of pH, temperature, and partial dissolution in determining boron concentration and isotopic composition in planktonic foraminifera","docAbstract":"We present the first continuous records from 0 to 5 Ma (in 0.333 m.y. integrated time steps) of paired boron/calcium (B/Ca) ratios and boron isotopes (??11B) in the planktonic foraminifera Globogerinoides sacculifer (without sacc) from a site in the western equatorial Pacific Ocean (Ocean Drilling Program Site 806). These measurements, the first made in conjunction with calcification temperature (magnesium/calcium ratios) and average shell mass measurements, indicate that pH is not the sole environmental variable controlling B in planktonic foraminiferal calcite. Our data are consistent with calcification temperature exerting a primary control on B concentration and isotopic composition in planktonic foraminifera. If so, calcification temperature must be taken into account if pH for past oceans and atmospheric pCO2 are to be estimated from B isotope measurements in foraminiferal calcite. Doing so will substantially increase the uncertainty of PH estimates. Although this work was designed as a temporal study, its results define new aspects of calibrating the ??11B paleo-pH tracer. Copyright 2003 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Paleoceanography","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"08838305","usgsCitation":"Wara, M., Delaney, M.L., Bullen, T., and Ravelo, A.C., 2003, Possible roles of pH, temperature, and partial dissolution in determining boron concentration and isotopic composition in planktonic foraminifera: Paleoceanography, v. 18, no. 4, p. 24-1.","startPage":"24","endPage":"1","numberOfPages":"-22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232814,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7e39e4b0c8380cd7a3ea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wara, M.W.","contributorId":33595,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wara","given":"M.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Delaney, M. L.","contributorId":41203,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Delaney","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bullen, T.D.","contributorId":79911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bullen","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ravelo, A. C.","contributorId":24778,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ravelo","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70024692,"text":"70024692 - 2003 - Inferences drawn from two decades of alinement array measurements of creep on faults in the San Francisco Bay Region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-26T16:56:25.113667","indexId":"70024692","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Inferences drawn from two decades of alinement array measurements of creep on faults in the San Francisco Bay Region","docAbstract":"We summarize over 20 years of monitoring surface creep on faults of the San Andreas system in the San Francisco Bay region using alinement arrays. The San Andreas fault is fully locked at five sites northwest from San Juan Bautista, the southern end of the 1906 earthquake rupture, that is, no creep (< 1 mm/yr) is observed. Likewise, the San Gregorio, Rodgers Creek, and West Napa faults show no creep. The measured creep rate on the Calaveras-Paicines fault from Hollister southward is either 6 or ∼ 10 mm/yr, depending on whether the arrays cross all of the creeping traces. Northward of Hollister, the central Calaveras creep rate reaches 14 ± 2 mm/yr but drops to ∼ 2 mm/yr near Calaveras Reservoir, where slip transfers to the southern Hayward fault at a maximum creep rate of 9 mm/yr at its south end. However, the Hayward fault averages only 4.6 mm/yr over most of its length. The Northern Calaveras fault, now creeping at 3-4 mm/yr, steps right to the Concord fault, which has a similar rate, 2.5-3.5 mm/yr, which is slightly slower than the 4.4 mm/yr rate on its northward continuation, the Green Valley fault. The Maacama fault creeps at 4.4 mm/yr near Ukiah and 6.5 mm/yr in Willits. The central and southern segments of the Calaveras fault are predominantly creeping, whereas the Hayward, Northern Calaveras, and Maacama faults are partly locked and, along with the Rodgers Creek and San Andreas, have high potential for major earthquakes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120020226","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Galehouse, J., and Lienkaemper, J.J., 2003, Inferences drawn from two decades of alinement array measurements of creep on faults in the San Francisco Bay Region: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 93, no. 6, p. 2415-2433, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120020226.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"2415","endPage":"2433","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":387430,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"San Francisco","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.80517578125,\n 37.10776507118514\n ],\n [\n -121.53076171875,\n 37.10776507118514\n ],\n [\n -121.53076171875,\n 38.42777351132902\n ],\n [\n -122.80517578125,\n 38.42777351132902\n ],\n [\n -122.80517578125,\n 37.10776507118514\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"93","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3ae6e4b0c8380cd62073","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Galehouse, J.S.","contributorId":87720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galehouse","given":"J.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lienkaemper, J. J.","contributorId":71947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lienkaemper","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":85396,"text":"85396 - 2003 - Ecosystem effects on wolves","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:00","indexId":"85396","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Ecosystem effects on wolves","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wolves: Behavior, Ecology, and Conservation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"University of Chicago Press","publisherLocation":"Chicago, IL","usgsCitation":"Mech, L., and Boitani, L., 2003, Ecosystem effects on wolves, chap. of Wolves: Behavior, Ecology, and Conservation, p. 158-160.","productDescription":"p. 158-160","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128038,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db625963","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Mech, L.D. 0000-0003-3944-7769","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3944-7769","contributorId":75466,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mech","given":"L.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504490,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boitani, L.","contributorId":66196,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boitani","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504489,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Mech, L.D. 0000-0003-3944-7769","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3944-7769","contributorId":75466,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mech","given":"L.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boitani, L.","contributorId":66196,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boitani","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70025907,"text":"70025907 - 2003 - Crystallisation ages in coeval silicic magma bodies: 238U-230Th disequilibrium evidence from the Rotoiti and earthquake flat eruption deposits, Taupo volcanic zone, New Zealand","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:33","indexId":"70025907","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Crystallisation ages in coeval silicic magma bodies: 238U-230Th disequilibrium evidence from the Rotoiti and earthquake flat eruption deposits, Taupo volcanic zone, New Zealand","docAbstract":"The timescales over which moderate to large bodies of silicic magma are generated and stored are addressed here by studies of two geographically adjacent, successive eruption deposits in the Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand. The earlier, caldera-forming Rotoiti eruption (>100 km3 magma) at Okataina volcano was followed, within months at most, by the Earthquake Flat eruption (??? 10 km3 magma) from nearby Kapenga volcano; both generated nonwelded ignimbrite and coeval widespread fall deposits. The Rotoiti and Earthquake Flat deposits are both crystal-rich high-silica rhyolites, with sparse glass-bearing granitoid fragments also occurring in Rotoiti lag breccias generated during caldera collapse. Here we report 238U-230Th disequilibrium data on whole rocks and mineral separates from representative Rotoiti and Earthquake Flat pumices and the co-eruptive Rotoiti granitoid fragments using TIMS and in situ zircon analyses by SIMS. Multiple-grain zircon-controlled crystallisation ages measured by TIMS from the Rotoiti pumice range from 69??3 ka (<63 ?? size fraction) to 76??6 (125-250 ?? fraction), with a weighted mean of all size fractions of 71??2 ka. SIMS model ages from single zircons in pumice range from 50??24 ka to > 350 ka, with a pronounced peak at 70-90 ka. The weighted mean of isochrons is 83??14 ka, in accord with the TIMS data. One glass-bearing Rotoiti granitoid clast yielded an age of 57??8 ka by TIMS (controlled by Th-rich phases that, however, are not apparently present in the juvenile pumices). Another glass-bearing Rotoiti granitoid yielded SIMS zircon model ages peaking at 60-90 ka, having a similar age distribution to the pumice. Age data from pumices are consistent with a published 64??4 ka eruptive age (now modified to 62??2 ka), but chemical and/or mineralogical data imply that the granitoid lithics are not largely crystalline Rotoiti rhyolite, but instead represent contemporaneous partly molten intrusions reflecting different sources in their chemistries and mineralogies. Similarly, although the Earthquake Flat eruption immediately followed (and probably was triggered by) the Rotoiti event, age data from juvenile material are significantly different. A multiple-grain zircon-controlled crystallisation age measured by TIMS from a representative pumice is 173??5 ka, while SIMS model ages range from 70-26+34 ka to >350 ka, with a peak at 105 ka. These age data coupled with previously published geochemical and isotopic data show that the Rotoiti and Earthquake Flat deposits were erupted from independent, unconnected magma bodies. Published by Elsevier Science B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0012-821X(02)01109-3","issn":"0012821X","usgsCitation":"Charlier, B.L., Peate, D., Wilson, C.J., Lowenstern, J.B., Storey, M., and Brown, S., 2003, Crystallisation ages in coeval silicic magma bodies: 238U-230Th disequilibrium evidence from the Rotoiti and earthquake flat eruption deposits, Taupo volcanic zone, New Zealand: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 206, no. 3-4, p. 441-457, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(02)01109-3.","startPage":"441","endPage":"457","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234872,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208836,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(02)01109-3"}],"volume":"206","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fd00e4b0c8380cd4e58c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Charlier, B. L. A.","contributorId":45090,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Charlier","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"L. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peate, D.W.","contributorId":25732,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peate","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wilson, C. J. N.","contributorId":22096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"J. N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lowenstern, J. B.","contributorId":7737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowenstern","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Storey, M.","contributorId":74882,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Storey","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Brown, S.J.A.","contributorId":75732,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"S.J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70025932,"text":"70025932 - 2003 - Influence of eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis L.) on fish community structure and function in headwater streams of the Delaware River basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:24","indexId":"70025932","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1471,"text":"Ecology of Freshwater Fish","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis L.) on fish community structure and function in headwater streams of the Delaware River basin","docAbstract":"Hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) forest of the eastern U.S. are in decline due to invasion by the exotic insect hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae). Aquatic biodiversity in hemlock ecosystems has not been documented; thus the true impact of the infestation cannot be assessed. We compared ichthyofaunal assemblages and trophic structure of streams draining hemlock and hardwood forests by sampling first- and second-order streams draining 14 paired hemlock and hardwood stands during base flows in July 1997 at the Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area of Pennsylvania and New Jersey. Over 1400 fish of 15 species and 7 families were collected, but hemlock and hardwood streams individually harbored only one to four species. Brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) and brown trout (Salmo trutta) were two to three times as prevalent in hemlock than hardwood streams. Insectivorous fishes occurred in significantly higher proportion in streams of hardwood (0.90) than hemlock (0.46) stands, while piscivores occurred more often in hemlock (0.85) than hardwood (0.54) stands. Functional (trophic) diversity of fishes in hemlock and second-order streams was numerically greater than that of hardwood and first-order streams. Species composition also differed by stream order and terrain type. Biodiversity is threatened at several levels within hemlock ecosystems at risk to the hemlock woolly adelgid in eastern U.S. forests.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecology of Freshwater Fish","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1034/j.1600-0633.2003.00006.x","issn":"09066691","usgsCitation":"Ross, R.M., Bennett, R.M., Snyder, C., Young, J., Smith, D., and Lemarie, D.P., 2003, Influence of eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis L.) on fish community structure and function in headwater streams of the Delaware River basin: Ecology of Freshwater Fish, v. 12, no. 1, p. 60-65, https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0633.2003.00006.x.","startPage":"60","endPage":"65","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208752,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0633.2003.00006.x"},{"id":234720,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-02-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3b2be4b0c8380cd622b9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ross, R. M.","contributorId":39311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ross","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bennett, R. M.","contributorId":97852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Snyder, C.D.","contributorId":73540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snyder","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Young, J.A. 0000-0002-4500-3673","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4500-3673","contributorId":37674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":407145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Smith, D. R. 0000-0001-6074-9257","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6074-9257","contributorId":44108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D. R.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":407147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lemarie, D. P.","contributorId":23100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lemarie","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70025900,"text":"70025900 - 2003 - Geophysical and isotopic constraints on crustal structure related to mineral trends in north-central Nevada and implications for tectonic history","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-27T17:55:34.022541","indexId":"70025900","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geophysical and isotopic constraints on crustal structure related to mineral trends in north-central Nevada and implications for tectonic history","docAbstract":"We combined information from Sr and Pb isotope data and magnetotelluric models to develop a new magnetic and gravity interpretation of the crustal structure of north-central Nevada to better understand the origin of mineral trends. The new interpretation suggests a crustal structure that is composed of Precambrian continental crust, transitional crust, and primarily oceanic crust that are separated by northwest- and northeast-striking fault zones. The magnetic expression of the buried Precambrian continental crust is recognized for the first time. Low magnetic values primarily reflect magnetite-poor crystalline crust rather than elevated temperatures at depth. Northwest- and northeast-striking crustal boundaries are defined by isotopic data and abrupt gradients in gravity and magnetic data. The Carlin and Battle Mountain-Eureka mineral trends are associated with two of three northwest-striking boundaries. The Carlin boundary is primarily defined by a change in density and isotopic character of the lower to middle crust. The Battle Mountain-Eureka boundary coincides with a density contrast in the upper crust and a change in isotopic character in the lower to middle crust. Magnetotelluric models suggest that the Battle Mountain-Eureka boundary represents a crustal fault zone for most of its extent, but that deep-rooted faulting is more complex near and northwest of Battle Mountain. Crustal fault zones inferred from the magnetotelluric models near the Carlin trend are oblique to it, suggesting that they may not have been controlled by the deep boundary seen in the gravity and isotopic data. The third northwest-trending boundary is related to the western edge of the buried Precambrian continent in west-central Nevada, but lacks an associated mineral trend. A northeast-striking boundary forms the northern limit of Precambrian continental and transitional crust. The boundaries may have originated as rift or transform faults during Precambrian breakup of Rodinia or as faults accommodating lateral movements or accretion during later Paleozoic tectonic events. Comparing the crustal structure to tectonic elements produced by successively younger events shows that it had a profound influence on subsequent sedimentation, deformation, magmatism, extension, and most important, mineralization.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.98.2.269","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Grauch, V.J., Rodriguez, B.D., and Wooden, J.L., 2003, Geophysical and isotopic constraints on crustal structure related to mineral trends in north-central Nevada and implications for tectonic history: Economic Geology, v. 98, no. 2, p. 269-286, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.98.2.269.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"269","endPage":"286","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":387484,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"north-central Nevada","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.8173828125,\n 40.9218144123785\n ],\n [\n -116.12548828124999,\n 40.9218144123785\n ],\n [\n -116.12548828124999,\n 41.97582726102573\n ],\n [\n -117.8173828125,\n 41.97582726102573\n ],\n [\n -117.8173828125,\n 40.9218144123785\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"98","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2800e4b0c8380cd59d46","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grauch, V. J. S. 0000-0002-0761-3489","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0761-3489","contributorId":34125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grauch","given":"V.","email":"","middleInitial":"J. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rodriguez, B. D.","contributorId":6084,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodriguez","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wooden, J. L.","contributorId":58678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wooden","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":85404,"text":"85404 - 2003 - Wolf population dynamics","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":85404,"text":"85404 - 2003 - Wolf population dynamics","indexId":"85404","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"chapter":"6","title":"Wolf population dynamics"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":93844,"text":"93844 - 2003 - Wolves: Behavior, ecology, and conservation","indexId":"93844","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"title":"Wolves: Behavior, ecology, and conservation"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":93844,"text":"93844 - 2003 - Wolves: Behavior, ecology, and conservation","indexId":"93844","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"title":"Wolves: Behavior, ecology, and conservation"},"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-04T11:18:41","indexId":"85404","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"6","title":"Wolf population dynamics","docAbstract":"A large, dark wolf poked his nose out of the pines in Yellowstone National Park as he thrust a broad foot deep into the snow and plowed ahead. Soon a second animal appeared, then another, and a fourth. A few minutes later, a pack of thirteen lanky wolves had filed out of the pines and onto the open hillside.
Wolf packs are the main social units of a wolf population. As numbers of wolves in packs change, so too, then, does the wolf population (Rausch 1967). Trying to understand the factors and mechanisms that affect these changes is what the field of wolf population dynamics is all about. In this chapter, we will explore this topic using two main approaches: (1) meta-analysis using data from studies from many areas and periods, and (2) case histories of key long-term studies. The combination presents a good picture – a picture, however, that is still incomplete. We also caution that the data sets summarized in the analyses represent snapshots of wolf population dynamics under widely varying conditions and population trends, and that the figures used are usually composites or averages. Nevertheless, they should allow generalizations that provide important insight into wolf population dynamics.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wolves: Behavior, ecology, and conservation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"University of Chicago Press","publisherLocation":"Chicago, IL","isbn":"9780226516974","usgsCitation":"Fuller, T.K., Mech, L.D., and Cochrane, J.F., 2003, Wolf population dynamics, chap. 6 of Wolves: Behavior, ecology, and conservation, p. 161-191.","productDescription":"31 p.","startPage":"161","endPage":"191","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128754,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":341057,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/W/bo3641392.html"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d9e4b07f02db5dfa98","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Mech, L. David 0000-0003-3944-7769 david_mech@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3944-7769","contributorId":2518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mech","given":"L.","email":"david_mech@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":504507,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boitani, Luigi","contributorId":32454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boitani","given":"Luigi","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504506,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Fuller, Todd K.","contributorId":35700,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"Todd","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mech, L. David 0000-0003-3944-7769 david_mech@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3944-7769","contributorId":2518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mech","given":"L.","email":"david_mech@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":296041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cochrane, Jean Fitts","contributorId":92416,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cochrane","given":"Jean","email":"","middleInitial":"Fitts","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70024683,"text":"70024683 - 2003 - Aquatic invertebrate assemblages in shallow prairie lakes: Fish and environmental influences","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-16T22:59:57.300834","indexId":"70024683","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2299,"text":"Journal of Freshwater Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Aquatic invertebrate assemblages in shallow prairie lakes: Fish and environmental influences","docAbstract":"We sampled zooplankton and benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages in 30 shallow natural lakes to determine the effects of the environment (i.e., habitat and fish abundance) on invertebrates. Zooplankters were identified to genus, and up to 120 individuals per genus were measured. Macroinvertebrates were identified to order, class, or family. Fish communities were also sampled. Relative abundances of zooplankton and macroinvertebrates were low at increased chlorophyll a concentrations, although mean zooplankton length increased with total phosphorus, possibly because of an increased proportion of microzooplankton (rotifers and copepod nauplii) at higher phosphorus levels. Canonical correspondence analysis revealed that zooplankton and macroinvertebrate abundance was influenced by submersed vegetation coverage, whereas zooplankton abundance and size structure were also related to productivity (i.e., chlorophyll a and total phosphorus). However, relative abundance of fish species or fish feeding guilds was not strongly correlated with zooplankton or macroinvertebrate abundance or zooplankton size structure. Physical habitat (e.g., vegetation coverage) may exert substantial influences on invertebrate assemblages in these lakes, possibly providing a refuge from fish predation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/02705060.2003.9663993","issn":"02705060","usgsCitation":"Paukert, C., and Willis, D., 2003, Aquatic invertebrate assemblages in shallow prairie lakes: Fish and environmental influences: Journal of Freshwater Ecology, v. 18, no. 4, p. 523-536, https://doi.org/10.1080/02705060.2003.9663993.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"523","endPage":"536","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478463,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02705060.2003.9663993","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":387962,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ed07e4b0c8380cd495a0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paukert, C.P.","contributorId":10151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paukert","given":"C.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Willis, D.W.","contributorId":56179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willis","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70024606,"text":"70024606 - 2003 - Effect of treatment in a constructed wetland on toxicity of textile wastewater","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:07","indexId":"70024606","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":609,"text":"AATCC Review","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of treatment in a constructed wetland on toxicity of textile wastewater","docAbstract":"Constructed wetlands for treating wastewater have proliferated in recent years and their characteristics have been studied extensively. In most cases, constructed wetlands have been used primarily for removal of nutrients and heavy metals. Extensive literature is available concerning construction and use of wetlands for treatment of wastewater. Even so, quantitative descriptions of wetland function and processes are highly empirical and difficult to extrapolate. The processes involved in removal of pollutants by wetlands are poorly understood, especially for waste streams as complex as textile effluents. The few studies conducted on treatment of textile wastewater in constructed wetlands were cited in earlier publications. Results of a two-year study of a full-scale wetland treating textile effluent are presented here. The paper describes the effects of the wetland on aquatic toxicity of the wastewater and draws conclusions about the utility and limitations of constructed wetlands for treatment of textile effluents.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"AATCC Review","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"15328813","usgsCitation":"Baughman, G., Perkins, W., Lasier, P., and Winger, P.V., 2003, Effect of treatment in a constructed wetland on toxicity of textile wastewater: AATCC Review, v. 3, no. 12, p. 28-30.","startPage":"28","endPage":"30","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233058,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0628e4b0c8380cd51119","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baughman, G.L.","contributorId":13013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baughman","given":"G.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Perkins, W.S.","contributorId":84874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perkins","given":"W.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lasier, P. J.","contributorId":79201,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lasier","given":"P. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Winger, P. V.","contributorId":43075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winger","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70024694,"text":"70024694 - 2003 - Motion of the Scotia sea plates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:14","indexId":"70024694","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1803,"text":"Geophysical Journal International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Motion of the Scotia sea plates","docAbstract":"Earthquake data from the Scotia Arc to early 2002 are reviewed in the light of satellite gravity and other data in order to derive a model for the motion of plates in the Scotia Sea region. Events with magnitude ???5, which occurred on or near the boundaries of the Scotia and Sandwich plates, and for which Centroid Moment Tensor (CMT) solutions are available, are examined. The newer data fill some of the previous sampling gaps along the boundaries of the Scotia and Sandwich plates, and provide tighter constraints on relative motions. Variations in the width of the Brunhes anomaly on evenly spaced marine magnetic profiles over the East Scotia Ridge provide new estimates of Scotia-Sandwich plate spreading rates. Since there are no stable fracture zones in the east Scotia Sea, the mean azimuth of sea floor fabric mapped by sidescan is used to constrain the direction of spreading. 18 new rate estimates and four azimuths from the East Scotia Ridge are combined with 68 selected earthquake slip vectors from the boundaries of the Scotia Sea in a least-squares inversion for the best-fitting set of Euler poles and angular rotation rates describing the 'present-day' motions of the Scotia and Sandwich plates relative to South America and Antarctica. Our preferred model (TLP2003) gives poles that are similar to previous estimates, except for Scotia Plate motion with respect to South America, which is significantly different from earlier estimates; predicted rates of motion also differ slightly. Our results are much more robust than earlier work. We examine the implications of the model for motion and deformation along the various plate boundaries, with particular reference to the North and South Scotia Ridges, where rates are obtained by closure.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Journal International","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-246X.2003.02069.x","issn":"0956540X","usgsCitation":"Thomas, C., Livermore, R., and Pollitz, F., 2003, Motion of the Scotia sea plates: Geophysical Journal International, v. 155, no. 3, p. 789-804, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2003.02069.x.","startPage":"789","endPage":"804","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478554,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246x.2003.02069.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":207692,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2003.02069.x"},{"id":232850,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"155","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5e8be4b0c8380cd70af0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thomas, C.","contributorId":7443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Livermore, R.","contributorId":45869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Livermore","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pollitz, F.","contributorId":66449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pollitz","given":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70024710,"text":"70024710 - 2003 - Yellow jackets may be an underestimated component of an ant-seed mutualism","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-12T12:38:51","indexId":"70024710","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3444,"text":"Southeastern Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Yellow jackets may be an underestimated component of an ant-seed mutualism","docAbstract":"Yellow jackets (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) are attracted to the typically ant-dispersed seeds of trilliums and will take seeds from ants in the genus Aphaenogaster. To determine if yellow jacket, Vespula maculifrons (Buysson), presence interferes with seed foraging by ants, we presented seeds of Trillium discolor Wray to three species (A. texana carolinensis Wheeler, Formica schaufussi Mayr, and Solenopsis invicta Buren) of seed-carrying ants in areas where vespids were present or excluded. We found that interspecific aggression between yellow jackets and ants is species specific. Vespid presence decreased average foraging time and increased foraging efficiency of two of the three ant species studied, a situation that might reflect competition for a limited food source. We also found that yellow jackets removed more seeds than ants, suggestive that vespids are important, albeit underestimated, components of ant-seed mutualisms.
","language":"English","publisher":"Eagle Hill Institute","doi":"10.1656/1528-7092(2003)002[0609:YJMBAU]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Bale, M., Zettler, J., Robinson, B., Spira, T., and Allen, C.R., 2003, Yellow jackets may be an underestimated component of an ant-seed mutualism: Southeastern Naturalist, v. 2, no. 4, p. 609-614, https://doi.org/10.1656/1528-7092(2003)002[0609:YJMBAU]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"609","endPage":"614","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233097,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bd207e4b08c986b32f636","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bale, M.T.","contributorId":17015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bale","given":"M.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zettler, J.A.","contributorId":97281,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zettler","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Robinson, B.A.","contributorId":63035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Spira, T.P.","contributorId":74546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spira","given":"T.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Allen, Craig R. 0000-0001-8655-8272 allencr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8655-8272","contributorId":1979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Craig","email":"allencr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":402357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70024699,"text":"70024699 - 2003 - Mass load estimation errors utilizing grab sampling strategies in a karst watershed","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-21T18:18:32.700036","indexId":"70024699","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mass load estimation errors utilizing grab sampling strategies in a karst watershed","docAbstract":"Developing a mass load estimation method appropriate for a given stream and constituent is difficult due to inconsistencies in hydrologic and constituent characteristics. The difficulty may be increased in flashy flow conditions such as karst. Many projects undertaken are constrained by budget and manpower and do not have the luxury of sophisticated sampling strategies. The objectives of this study were to: (1) examine two grab sampling strategies with varying sampling intervals and determine the error in mass load estimates, and (2) determine the error that can be expected when a grab sample is collected at a time of day when the diurnal variation is most divergent from the daily mean. Results show grab sampling with continuous flow to be a viable data collection method for estimating mass load in the study watershed. Comparing weekly, biweekly, and monthly grab sampling, monthly sampling produces the best results with this method. However, the time of day the sample is collected is important. Failure to account for diurnal variability when collecting a grab sample may produce unacceptable error in mass load estimates. The best time to collect a sample is when the diurnal cycle is nearest the daily mean.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.2003.tb04423.x","issn":"1093474X","usgsCitation":"Fogle, A., Taraba, J., and Dinger, J., 2003, Mass load estimation errors utilizing grab sampling strategies in a karst watershed: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 39, no. 6, p. 1361-1372, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2003.tb04423.x.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1361","endPage":"1372","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":388291,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a524ee4b0c8380cd6c2fe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fogle, A.W.","contributorId":96051,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fogle","given":"A.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Taraba, J.L.","contributorId":51062,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taraba","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dinger, J.S.","contributorId":64416,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dinger","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70025904,"text":"70025904 - 2003 - Domain decomposition for a mixed finite element method in three dimensions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:34","indexId":"70025904","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3321,"text":"SIAM Journal on Numerical Analysis","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Domain decomposition for a mixed finite element method in three dimensions","docAbstract":"We consider the solution of the discrete linear system resulting from a mixed finite element discretization applied to a second-order elliptic boundary value problem in three dimensions. Based on a decomposition of the velocity space, these equations can be reduced to a discrete elliptic problem by eliminating the pressure through the use of substructures of the domain. The practicality of the reduction relies on a local basis, presented here, for the divergence-free subspace of the velocity space. We consider additive and multiplicative domain decomposition methods for solving the reduced elliptic problem, and their uniform convergence is established.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"SIAM Journal on Numerical Analysis","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1137/S0036142996296935","issn":"00361429","usgsCitation":"Cai, Z., Parashkevov, R., Russell, T., Wilson, J.D., and Ye, X., 2003, Domain decomposition for a mixed finite element method in three dimensions: SIAM Journal on Numerical Analysis, v. 41, no. 1, p. 181-194, https://doi.org/10.1137/S0036142996296935.","startPage":"181","endPage":"194","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478413,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.691.733","text":"External Repository"},{"id":208814,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1137/S0036142996296935"},{"id":234831,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a03a0e4b0c8380cd50597","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cai, Z.","contributorId":88130,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cai","given":"Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Parashkevov, R.R.","contributorId":82509,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parashkevov","given":"R.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Russell, T.F.","contributorId":86811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Russell","given":"T.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wilson, J. D.","contributorId":25154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ye, X.","contributorId":16627,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ye","given":"X.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70024684,"text":"70024684 - 2003 - Hydrological response to earthquakes in the Haibara well, central Japan - II. Possible mechanism inferred from time-varying hydraulic properties","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:06","indexId":"70024684","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1803,"text":"Geophysical Journal International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrological response to earthquakes in the Haibara well, central Japan - II. Possible mechanism inferred from time-varying hydraulic properties","docAbstract":"28 coseismic groundwater level decreases have been observed at the Haibara well, Shizuoka prefecture, central Japan, from 1981 to 1997. These groundwater level changes cannot be explained as the poroelastic response to coseismic static strain. We use the atmospheric pressure and tidal responses of the well, rock properties measured on core samples from the same formation and pumping test results to characterize the hydraulic and mechanical properties of the aquifer. The responses of the Haibara well to the M2 Earth tide constituent and to atmospheric pressure have varied over time. In particular, increasing amplitude and decreasing phase lags were observed after the 1993 pumping test, as well as after earthquakes that caused coseismic water level changes. The tidal response, together with the surface load efficiency derived from the atmospheric pressure response, is used to estimate the mechanical properties of the aquifer. The largest amplitude of the M2 constituent, 2.2 mm, is small enough to imply that pore fluid in this system is approximately twice as compressible as water, possibly due to the presence of a small amount of exsolved gas. Diffusion of a coseismic pressure drop near the well could account for the observed time histories of the water level changes. The time histories of the water level drops are well matched by the decay of a coseismic pressure drop at least 80 m away from the well. Removal of a small amount of gas from the formation in that location might in turn explain the coseismic pressure drops.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Journal International","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-246X.2003.02104.x","issn":"0956540X","usgsCitation":"Matsumoto, N., and Roeloffs, E., 2003, Hydrological response to earthquakes in the Haibara well, central Japan - II. Possible mechanism inferred from time-varying hydraulic properties: Geophysical Journal International, v. 155, no. 3, p. 899-913, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2003.02104.x.","startPage":"899","endPage":"913","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478399,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246x.2003.02104.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":207952,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2003.02104.x"},{"id":233274,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"155","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a36afe4b0c8380cd60901","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Matsumoto, N.","contributorId":13788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matsumoto","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roeloffs, E.A.","contributorId":88742,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roeloffs","given":"E.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70024701,"text":"70024701 - 2003 - Evaluating tsunami hazards from debris flows","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:14","indexId":"70024701","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Evaluating tsunami hazards from debris flows","docAbstract":"Debris flows that enter water bodies may have significant kinetic energy, some of which is transferred to water motion or waves that can impact shorelines and structures. The associated hazards depend on the location of the affected area relative to the point at which the debris flow enters the water. Three distinct regions (splash zone, near field, and far field) may be identified. Experiments demonstrate that characteristics of the near field water wave, which is the only coherent wave to emerge from the splash zone, depend primarily on debris flow volume, debris flow submerged time of motion, and water depth at the point where debris flow motion stops. Near field wave characteristics commonly may be used as & proxy source for computational tsunami propagation. This result is used to assess hazards associated with potential debris flows entering a reservoir in the northwestern USA. ?? 2003 Millpress,.","largerWorkTitle":"International Conference on Debris-Flow Hazards Mitigation: Mechanics, Prediction, and Assessment, Proceedings","conferenceTitle":"3rd International Conference on Debris-Flow Hazards Mitigation: Mechanics, Prediction, and Assessment","conferenceDate":"10 September 2003 through 12 September 2003","conferenceLocation":"Davos","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Watts, P., and Walder, J.S., 2003, Evaluating tsunami hazards from debris flows, in International Conference on Debris-Flow Hazards Mitigation: Mechanics, Prediction, and Assessment, Proceedings, v. 2, Davos, 10 September 2003 through 12 September 2003, p. 1245-1256.","startPage":"1245","endPage":"1256","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232956,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0c03e4b0c8380cd529cb","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Rickenmann D.Chen C.L.","contributorId":128322,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Rickenmann D.Chen C.L.","id":536536,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Watts, P.","contributorId":81669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watts","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walder, J. S.","contributorId":32561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walder","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70024718,"text":"70024718 - 2003 - A science and technology initiative within the office of civilian radioactive waste management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:07","indexId":"70024718","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"A science and technology initiative within the office of civilian radioactive waste management","docAbstract":"In 2002, by following a national decision-making process that had been specified in the 1982 Nuclear Waste Policy Act, Yucca Mountain (YM) was designated as the site for the nation's geologic repository for commercial spent nuclear fuel (SNF). The U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE's) Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management (OCRWM) must now obtain regulatory approval to construct and operate a repository there, and to develop transportation and infrastructure needed to support operations. The OCRWM has also recently begun a separate Science and Technology (S&T) initiative, whose purposes, beginnings, current projects, and future plans are described here.","largerWorkTitle":"Global 2003: Atoms for Prosperity: Updating Eisenhowers Global Vision for Nuclear Energy","conferenceTitle":"Global 2003: Atoms for Prosperity: Updating Eisenhower's Global Vision for Nuclear Energy","conferenceDate":"16 November 2003 through 20 November 2003","conferenceLocation":"New Orleans, LA","language":"English","isbn":"0894486772","usgsCitation":"Budnitz, R., Kiess, T., Peters, M., and Duncan, D., 2003, A science and technology initiative within the office of civilian radioactive waste management, in Global 2003: Atoms for Prosperity: Updating Eisenhowers Global Vision for Nuclear Energy, New Orleans, LA, 16 November 2003 through 20 November 2003, p. 228-230.","startPage":"228","endPage":"230","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233206,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e57ae4b0c8380cd46d5f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Budnitz, R.J.","contributorId":80866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Budnitz","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kiess, T.E.","contributorId":102244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kiess","given":"T.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Peters, M.","contributorId":100584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peters","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Duncan, D.","contributorId":22121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duncan","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70024717,"text":"70024717 - 2003 - Dynamics of peat accumulation and marl flat formation in a calcareous fen, midwestern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:07","indexId":"70024717","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dynamics of peat accumulation and marl flat formation in a calcareous fen, midwestern United States","docAbstract":"The age and sequence of peat accumulation were investigated at a calcareous fen in northeastern Illinois, USA. The purpose of this study was to identify the processes that form and sustain marl flats, which are areas of marl or tufa substrate within the fen that contain numerous rare plant species. Geomorphic, stratigraphic, and radiocarbon evidence was used to establish the processes and chronology of peat accumulation and erosion adjacent to each marl flat. The age of the base of the peat deposit varies greatly throughout the fen, ranging from 14,679 calibrated years before present (cal. years BP) to nearly modern, indicating that colonization of the sand and gravel substrate by peat occurred throughout the period from the Late Pleistocene to present. Adjacent to one marl flat, trends in basal peat age and thickness show that peat accumulation has progressed laterally inward from both sides, suggesting that the marl flat has been infilling with peat progressively by accumulation at the margins since at least 5,370 cal. years BP or longer. A second marl flat in the fen is surrounded by older, thick peat of differing ages on either edge and is bounded by fresh scarps, indicating that the marl flat currently is expanding laterally by erosion into the preexisting peat blanket. These two examples suggest a continuously repeating process, where erosion of the accumulated peat blanket forms a marl flat, which is later covered by peat accumulation. Trends in basal peat age elsewhere in the fen suggest that other marl flats may have existed in the past that have been completely infilled with peat. This study suggests that marl flat formation is a natural process that has been occurring for millennia, continuously creating habitat for the rare plant species that occupy marl flats. There is no evidence that the marl flats at this site are indicative of anthropogenic disturbance, so that management options for these areas are limited to maintaining the quality and quantity of ground-water discharge that supports both peat formation and erosion. ?? 2003, The Society of Wetland Scientists.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wetlands","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"02775212","usgsCitation":"Miner, J., and Ketterling, D., 2003, Dynamics of peat accumulation and marl flat formation in a calcareous fen, midwestern United States: Wetlands, v. 23, no. 4, p. 950-960.","startPage":"950","endPage":"960","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233205,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0436e4b0c8380cd5085e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miner, J.J.","contributorId":20513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miner","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ketterling, D.B.","contributorId":90504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ketterling","given":"D.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70025082,"text":"70025082 - 2003 - Fault interactions and large complex earthquakes in the Los Angeles area","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-27T13:11:52","indexId":"70025082","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fault interactions and large complex earthquakes in the Los Angeles area","docAbstract":"Faults in complex tectonic environments interact in various ways, including triggered rupture of one fault by another, that may increase seismic hazard in the surrounding region. We model static and dynamic fault interactions between the strike-slip and thrust fault systems in southern California. We find that rupture of the Sierra Madre-Cucamonga thrust fault system is unlikely to trigger rupture of the San Andreas or San Jacinto strike-slip faults. However, a large northern San Jacinto fault earthquake could trigger a cascading rupture of the Sierra Madre-Cucamonga system, potentially causing a moment magnitude 7.5 to 7.8 earthquake on the edge of the Los Angeles metropolitan region.","language":"English","publisher":"AAAS","doi":"10.1126/science.1090747","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Anderson, G., Aagaard, B.T., and Hudnut, K., 2003, Fault interactions and large complex earthquakes in the Los Angeles area: Science, v. 302, no. 5652, p. 1946-1949, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1090747.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1946","endPage":"1949","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235876,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"302","issue":"5652","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0f17e4b0c8380cd53765","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, Greg","contributorId":127427,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anderson","given":"Greg","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aagaard, Brad T. 0000-0002-8795-9833 baagaard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8795-9833","contributorId":192869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aagaard","given":"Brad","email":"baagaard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":403748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hudnut, Ken","contributorId":44590,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudnut","given":"Ken","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1003670,"text":"1003670 - 2003 - An adenovirus associated with intestinal impaction and mortality of male common eiders (Somateria mollissima) in the Baltic Sea","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-20T14:35:39.411237","indexId":"1003670","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2507,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"An adenovirus associated with intestinal impaction and mortality of male common eiders (Somateria mollissima) in the Baltic Sea","title":"An adenovirus associated with intestinal impaction and mortality of male common eiders (Somateria mollissima) in the Baltic Sea","docAbstract":"We examined 10 common eider (Somateria mollissima) males found dead in 1998 during a die-off in the northern Baltic Sea off the southwestern coast of Finland. We diagnosed impaction of the posterior small intestine with mucosal necrosis as the cause of death in all 10 and isolated adenoviruses from cloacal samples of six birds. The adenovirus isolates were not neutralized by reference antisera to group I, II, or III avian adenoviruses. Cloacal swabs from 22 apparently healthy eider females nesting at the mortality area were negative for viruses. An adenovirus isolated from one of the eiders caused clinical signs of illness and gastrointestinal pathology in experimentally infected mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) ducklings. These findings suggest that the adenovirus contributed to the mortality of common eider males in the Finnish archipelago.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","doi":"10.7589/0090-3558-39.1.114","usgsCitation":"Hollmén, T., Franson, J.C., Kilpi, M., Docherty, D., and Myllys, V., 2003, An adenovirus associated with intestinal impaction and mortality of male common eiders (Somateria mollissima) in the Baltic Sea: Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 39, no. 1, p. 114-120, https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-39.1.114.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"114","endPage":"120","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478557,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://www.bioone.org/doi/10.7589/0090-3558-39.1.114","text":"External Repository"},{"id":135949,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Finland","otherGeospatial":"Southwestern coast","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[28.59193,69.06478],[28.44594,68.36461],[29.97743,67.6983],[29.05459,66.94429],[30.21765,65.80598],[29.54443,64.94867],[30.44468,64.20445],[30.03587,63.55281],[31.51609,62.86769],[31.13999,62.35769],[30.21111,61.78003],[28.07,60.50352],[26.25517,60.42396],[24.49662,60.05732],[22.86969,59.84637],[22.29076,60.39192],[21.32224,60.72017],[21.54487,61.70533],[21.05921,62.60739],[21.53603,63.18974],[22.44274,63.81781],[24.73051,64.90234],[25.39807,65.11143],[25.29404,65.53435],[23.90338,66.00693],[23.56588,66.39605],[23.53947,67.93601],[21.97853,68.61685],[20.64559,69.10625],[21.24494,69.37044],[22.35624,68.84174],[23.66205,68.89125],[24.73568,68.64956],[25.68921,69.09211],[26.17962,69.8253],[27.73229,70.16419],[29.01557,69.76649],[28.59193,69.06478]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Finland\"}}]}","volume":"39","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adbe4b07f02db685a2e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hollmén, Tuula E.","contributorId":32112,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hollmén","given":"Tuula E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Franson, J. Christian 0000-0002-0251-4238 jfranson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0251-4238","contributorId":177499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Franson","given":"J.","email":"jfranson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Christian","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":313877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kilpi, Mikaei","contributorId":102428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kilpi","given":"Mikaei","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Docherty, Douglas E.","contributorId":58245,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Docherty","given":"Douglas E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Myllys, V.","contributorId":49770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Myllys","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":1003002,"text":"1003002 - 2003 - Review of techniques to prevent introduction of zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) during native mussel (Unionoidea) conservation activities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-09T15:30:22.415002","indexId":"1003002","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2455,"text":"Journal of Shellfish Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Review of techniques to prevent introduction of zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) during native mussel (Unionoidea) conservation activities","title":"Review of techniques to prevent introduction of zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) during native mussel (Unionoidea) conservation activities","docAbstract":"Because of the declines in diversity and abundance of native freshwater mussels (superfamily Unionoidea), and the potential decimation of populations of native mussels resulting from the rapid spread of the exotic zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha, management options to eliminate or reduce the threat of the zebra mussel are needed. Relocating native mussels to refugia (artificial and natural) has been proposed to mitigate the threat of zebra mussels to native species. Relocation of native mussels to refugia such as fish hatchery facilities or natural habitats within their historic range. Which are unlikely to be infested by zebra mussels, necessitates that protocols be developed to prevent the inadvertent introduction of zebra mussels. Several recent studies have developed Such protocols, and have assessed their effectiveness on the health and survival of native mussels during subsequent relocation to various refugia. The purpose of this project is to synthesize and evaluate the current protocols and to develop a set of procedures that resource managers and researchers should consider before conducting conservation activities in zebra mussel infested waters. We found that the existing protocols have many common points of concern, such as facility modification and suitability, zebra mussel risk assessment and management procedures, and health and disease management procedures. These conservation protocols may have broad applicability to other situations and locations. A summary and evaluation of the information in these main areas, along with recommended guidelines, are presented in this article.","language":"English","publisher":"North Carolina State Univ, Dept Environmental & Molecular Toxicology","publisherLocation":"Raleigh, NC","issn":"07308000","usgsCitation":"Cope, W., Newton, T., and Gatenby, C., 2003, Review of techniques to prevent introduction of zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) during native mussel (Unionoidea) conservation activities: Journal of Shellfish Research, v. 22, no. 1, p. 177-184.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"177","endPage":"184","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128493,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":401988,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.shellfish.org/tables-of-contents"}],"otherGeospatial":"North 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accuracy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:28","indexId":"70025183","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1573,"text":"Environmental and Ecological Statistics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Survey methods for assessing land cover map accuracy","docAbstract":"The increasing availability of digital photographic materials has fueled efforts by agencies and organizations to generate land cover maps for states, regions, and the United States as a whole. Regardless of the information sources and classification methods used, land cover maps are subject to numerous sources of error. In order to understand the quality of the information contained in these maps, it is desirable to generate statistically valid estimates of accuracy rates describing misclassification errors. We explored a full sample survey framework for creating accuracy assessment study designs that balance statistical and operational considerations in relation to study objectives for a regional assessment of GAP land cover maps. We focused not only on appropriate sample designs and estimation approaches, but on aspects of the data collection process, such as gaining cooperation of land owners and using pixel clusters as an observation unit. The approach was tested in a pilot study to assess the accuracy of Iowa GAP land cover maps. A stratified two-stage cluster sampling design addressed sample size requirements for land covers and the need for geographic spread while minimizing operational effort. Recruitment methods used for private land owners yielded high response rates, minimizing a source of nonresponse error. Collecting data for a 9-pixel cluster centered on the sampled pixel was simple to implement, and provided better information on rarer vegetation classes as well as substantial gains in precision relative to observing data at a single-pixel.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental and Ecological Statistics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1023/A:1025107023980","issn":"13528505","usgsCitation":"Nusser, S., and Klaas, E., 2003, Survey methods for assessing land cover map accuracy: Environmental and Ecological Statistics, v. 10, no. 3, p. 309-331, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1025107023980.","startPage":"309","endPage":"331","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209338,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1025107023980"},{"id":235651,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba28ae4b08c986b31f79b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nusser, S.M.","contributorId":49302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nusser","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Klaas, Erwin E.","contributorId":21487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klaas","given":"Erwin E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70025171,"text":"70025171 - 2003 - Comment on \"Evaluation of X-ray diffraction methods for determining the crystal growth mechanisms of clay minerals in mudstones, shales and slates,\" by L. N. Warr and D. R. Peacor","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:57","indexId":"70025171","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3337,"text":"Schweizerische Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comment on \"Evaluation of X-ray diffraction methods for determining the crystal growth mechanisms of clay minerals in mudstones, shales and slates,\" by L. N. Warr and D. R. Peacor","docAbstract":"A recent paper by Warr and Peacor (2002) suggested that our use of the Bertaut-Warren-Averbach technique (MudMaster computer program) for studying changes in crystallite thickness distributions (CTDs) of clay minerals during diagenesis and very low-grade metamorphism is not reliable because it is dependent on many variables which can not be fully controlled. Furthermore, the authors implied that the measured shapes of CTDs cannot be used with confidence to deduce crystal growth mechanisms and histories for clays, based on our CTD simulation approach (using the Galoper computer program). We disagree with both points, and show that the techniques are powerful, reliable and useful for studying clay mineral alteration in rocks. ?? 2003 Schweiz. Mineral. Petrogr. Ges.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Schweizerische Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00367699","usgsCitation":"Eberl, D.D., Srodon, J., and Drits, V., 2003, Comment on \"Evaluation of X-ray diffraction methods for determining the crystal growth mechanisms of clay minerals in mudstones, shales and slates,\" by L. N. Warr and D. R. Peacor: Schweizerische Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen, v. 83, no. 3, p. 349-358.","startPage":"349","endPage":"358","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236027,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"83","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f7e6e4b0c8380cd4cd78","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eberl, D. D.","contributorId":66282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eberl","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Srodon, J.","contributorId":67583,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Srodon","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Drits, V. A.","contributorId":41511,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Drits","given":"V. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}