{"pageNumber":"2852","pageRowStart":"71275","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184569,"records":[{"id":70025209,"text":"70025209 - 2003 - Differential mortality of male spectacled eiders (<i>Somateria fischeri</i>) and king eiders (<i>Somateria spectabilis</i>) subsequent to anesthesia with propofol, bupivacaine, and ketoprofen","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-28T11:29:46","indexId":"70025209","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2191,"text":"Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Differential mortality of male spectacled eiders (<i>Somateria fischeri</i>) and king eiders (<i>Somateria spectabilis</i>) subsequent to anesthesia with propofol, bupivacaine, and ketoprofen","docAbstract":"<p>Twenty free-ranging spectacled eiders (<i>Somateria fischeri</i>; 10 male, 10 female), 11 free-ranging king eiders (<i>Somateria spectabilis</i>; 6 male, 5 female), and 20 female common eiders (<i>Somateria mollissima</i>) were anesthetized with propofol, bupivacaine, and ketoprofen for the surgical implantation of satellite transmitters. Propofol was given to induce and maintain anesthesia (mean total dose, 26.2-45.6 mg/kg IV), bupivacaine (2-10 mg/kg SC) was infused into the incision site for local analgesia, and ketoprofen (2-5 mg/kg IM) was given at the time of surgery for postoperative analgesia. Four of 10 male spectacled eiders and 5 of 6 male king eiders died within 1-4 days after surgery. None of the female spectacled or common eiders and only 1 of the 5 female king eiders died during the same postoperative period. Histopathologic findings in 2 dead male king eiders were severe renal tubular necrosis, acute rhabdomyolysis, and mild visceral gout. Necropsy findings in 3 other dead male king eiders were consistent with visceral gout. We suspect that the perioperative use of ketoprofen caused lethal renal damage in the male eiders. Male eiders may be more susceptible to renal damage than females because of behavioral differences during their short stay on land in mating season. The combination of propofol, bupivacaine, and ketoprofen should not be used to anesthetize free-ranging male eiders, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs should not be used perioperatively in any bird that may be predisposed to renal insufficiency.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Association of Avian Veterinarians","doi":"10.1647/2001-024","issn":"10826742","usgsCitation":"Mulcahy, D.M., Tuomi, P.A., and Larsen, R.S., 2003, Differential mortality of male spectacled eiders (<i>Somateria fischeri</i>) and king eiders (<i>Somateria spectabilis</i>) subsequent to anesthesia with propofol, bupivacaine, and ketoprofen: Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery, v. 17, no. 3, p. 117-123, https://doi.org/10.1647/2001-024.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"117","endPage":"123","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236063,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a00f4e4b0c8380cd4f9ed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mulcahy, Daniel M. dmulcahy@usgs.gov","contributorId":3102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mulcahy","given":"Daniel","email":"dmulcahy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":404243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tuomi, Pamela A.","contributorId":66900,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tuomi","given":"Pamela","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Larsen, R. S.","contributorId":81473,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Larsen","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70025477,"text":"70025477 - 2003 - Elevated lateral stress in unlithified sediment, Midcontinent, United States - geotechnical and geophysical indicators for a tectonic origin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:59","indexId":"70025477","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3525,"text":"Tectonophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Elevated lateral stress in unlithified sediment, Midcontinent, United States - geotechnical and geophysical indicators for a tectonic origin","docAbstract":"Indirect and direct geotechnical measurements revealed the presence of high lateral earth pressure (Ko) in shallow, unlithified sediment at a site in the northernmost Mississippi embayment region of the central United States. Results from pile-load and pressuremeter tests showed maximum Ko values greater than 10; however, the complex geologic environment of the Midcontinent made defining an origin for the anomalous Ko based solely on these measurements equivocal. Although in situ sediment characteristics indicated that indirect tectonic or nontectonic geologic mechanisms that include transient overburden loads (e.g., fluvial deposition/erosion, glacial advance/retreat) and dynamic shear loads (e.g., earthquakes) were not the dominant cause, they were unable to provide indicators for a direct tectonic generation. Localized stresses induced anthropogenically by the geotechnical field tests were also considered, but ruled out as the primary origin. A high-resolution shear-wave (SH) reflection image of geologic structure in the immediate vicinity of the test site revealed compression-style neotectonism, and suggested that the elevated stress was a tectonic manifestation. Post-Paleozoic reflectors exhibit a Tertiary (?) structural inversion, as evidenced by post-Cretaceous fault displacement and pronounced positive folds in the hanging wall of the interpreted faults. The latest stratigraphic extent of the stress effects (i.e., all measurements were in the Late Cretaceous to Tertiary McNairy Formation), as well as the relationship of stress orientation with the orientation of local structure and regional stress, remain unknown. These are the subjects of ongoing studies. ?? 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Tectonophysics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0040-1951(03)00155-0","issn":"00401951","usgsCitation":"Woolery, E., Schaefer, J., and Wang, Z., 2003, Elevated lateral stress in unlithified sediment, Midcontinent, United States - geotechnical and geophysical indicators for a tectonic origin: Tectonophysics, v. 368, no. 1-4, p. 139-153, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-1951(03)00155-0.","startPage":"139","endPage":"153","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209542,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0040-1951(03)00155-0"},{"id":236120,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"368","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a08c8e4b0c8380cd51c86","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Woolery, E.W.","contributorId":53548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woolery","given":"E.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schaefer, J.A.","contributorId":98520,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaefer","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wang, Z.","contributorId":67976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70187629,"text":"70187629 - 2003 - Ecology of selected marine communities in Glacier Bay: Zooplankton, forage fish, seabirds and marine mammals","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-11T13:22:00","indexId":"70187629","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Ecology of selected marine communities in Glacier Bay: Zooplankton, forage fish, seabirds and marine mammals","docAbstract":"<p>We studied oceanography (including primary production), secondary production, small schooling fish (SSF), and marine bird and mammal predators in Glacier Bay during 1999 and 2000. Results from these field efforts were combined with a review of current literature relating to the Glacier Bay environment. Since the conceptual model developed by Hale and Wright (1979) ‘changes and cycles’ continue to be the underlying theme of the Glacier Bay ecosystem. We found marked seasonality in many of the parameters that we investigated over the two years of research, and here we provide a comprehensive description of the distribution and relative abundance of a wide array of marine biota. </p><p>Glacier Bay is a tidally mixed estuary that leads into basins, which stratify in summer, with the upper arms behaving as traditional estuaries. The Bay is characterized by renewal and mixing events throughout the year, and markedly higher primary production than in many neighboring southeast Alaska fjords (Hooge and Hooge, 2002). </p><p>Zooplankton diversity and abundance within the upper 50 meters of the water column in Glacier Bay is similar to communities seen throughout the Gulf of Alaska. Zooplankton in the lower regions of Glacier Bay peak in abundance in late May or early June, as observed at Auke Bay and in the Gulf of Alaska. The key distinction between the lower Bay and other estuaries in the Gulf of Alaska is that a second smaller peak in densities occurs in August. The upper Bay behaved uniformly in temporal trends, peaking in July. Densities had begun to decline in August, but were still more than twice those observed in that region in May. The highest density of zooplankton observed was 17,870 organisms/m3 in Tarr Inlet during July. Trends in zooplankton community abundance and diversity within the lower Bay were distinct from upper-Glacier Bay trends. Whereas the lower Bay is strongly influenced by Gulf of Alaska processes, local processes are the strongest influence in the upper-Bay.</p><p>We identified 55 species of fish during this study (1999 and 2000) from beach seines, mid-water trawls, and rod and line catches. The diversity of physical, oceanographic, and glacial chronological conditions within Glacier Bay contribute a suite of factors that influence the distribution and abundance of fish. Accordingly, we observed significant differences in the abundance and distribution of fish within the Bay. Most significantly, abundance and diversity (primarily juvenile fish including walleye Pollock, eelblennies, and capelin) were greatest at the head of both the east and west arms where zooplankton abundance was greatest – in close proximity to tidewater glaciers and freshwater runoff. </p><p>All of Glacier Bay and Icy Strait were surveyed hydroacoustically for plankton and fish during June 1999 surveys. Acoustically determined forage biomass was concentrated in relatively few important areas such as Pt. Adolphus, Berg Bay, on the Geikie-Scidmore shelf, around the Beardslee/Marble islands, and the upper arms of Glacier Bay. Forage biomass (primarily small schooling fish and euphausiids) was concentrated in shallow, nearshore waters; 50 % of acoustic biomass was found at depths &lt; 35m, 80 % of biomass at depths &lt; 80m. During our sampling, high density patches of prey were very rare, and less than 8 % of the area surveyed in Glacier Bay contained patch densities suitable (e.g., &gt; 0.01 fish/m<sup>3</sup>) for seabirds foraging on zooplankton and small schooling fish. Less than 1 % of the area contained patches suitable (e.g., &gt;0.1 fish/m<sup>3</sup>) for whales foraging on zooplankton and small schooling fish. High-density aggregations of 0.1-10 fish/m<sup>3</sup> were comprised mostly of schools containing capelin, pollock, herring or euphausiids (0.1-1 kg/m<sup>3</sup>).</p><p>During predator surveys (1999-2000), we observed 63 species of birds and 7 species of marine mammals. Seasonal distribution and abundance of these “apex” predators was highly variable by species. Glacier Bay supports high numbers of seabirds and marine mammals that consume zooplankton and small schooling fish. Nearshore areas had higher densities of both birds and marine mammals. Several areas, such as Pt. Adolphus, Berg Bay, on the Geikie-Scidmore shelf, the Beardslee/Marble islands, and the upper arms of Glacier Bay were focal points of small schooling fish and zooplankton consuming marine birds and mammals. Comparisons between surveys and a prior study (1991) suggested that the assemblage of birds and marine mammals in the Bay is undergoing change. Most notable was a clear decline in Brachyramphus spp. murrelets while other apex species are increasing or remaining stable.</p><p>It should be noted that many of the birds and mammals observed during this project, e.g. mergansers, do not forage on zooplankton and small schooling fish; rather they forage on benthic fish and sessile invertebrates. While distribution and sampling data for these marine predator species are valid, this study did not sample benthic fish and sessile invertebrates. Thus, recommendations made by this project should be interpreted as generally specific to the zooplankton/small schooling fish marine food web components of the Glacier Bay Ecosystem. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Anchorage, AK","usgsCitation":"Robards, M.D., Drew, G.S., Piatt, J.F., Anson, J.M., Abookire, A.A., Bodkin, J.L., Hooge, P.N., and Speckman, S., 2003, Ecology of selected marine communities in Glacier Bay: Zooplankton, forage fish, seabirds and marine mammals, xiii, 156 p.","productDescription":"xiii, 156 p.","numberOfPages":"169","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341116,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":341115,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://alaska.usgs.gov/science/biology/seabirds_foragefish/products/reports/Glacier_Bay_Marine_Communities.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Glacier Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -135,\n              58\n            ],\n            [\n              -137.5,\n              58\n            ],\n            [\n              -137.5,\n              59.25\n            ],\n            [\n              -135,\n              59.25\n            ],\n            [\n              -135,\n              58\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59155bf1e4b01a342e69138e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robards, Martin D.","contributorId":40148,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Robards","given":"Martin","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Drew, Gary S. 0000-0002-6789-0891 gdrew@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6789-0891","contributorId":3311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drew","given":"Gary","email":"gdrew@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":694836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Piatt, John F. 0000-0002-4417-5748 jpiatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4417-5748","contributorId":3025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatt","given":"John","email":"jpiatt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":694837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Anson, Jennifer Marie","contributorId":2712,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anson","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"Marie","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":694838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Abookire, Alisa A.","contributorId":107224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abookire","given":"Alisa","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":694850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bodkin, James L. 0000-0003-1641-4438 jbodkin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1641-4438","contributorId":748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bodkin","given":"James","email":"jbodkin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":694851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hooge, Philip N.","contributorId":52029,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hooge","given":"Philip","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":106,"text":"Alaska Biological Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":694852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Speckman, Suzann G.","contributorId":88217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Speckman","given":"Suzann G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70171311,"text":"70171311 - 2003 - Establishment of dreissenids in Lake Ontario: implications for the endemic fish community","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-26T13:56:43","indexId":"70171311","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Establishment of dreissenids in Lake Ontario: implications for the endemic fish community","docAbstract":"<p><span>Coincident with the establishment of dreissenids in Lake Ontario, the depth distribution of alewife, a non-native predator of larval fishes, shifted deeper and the abundance of burrowing amphipod, Diporeia, declined sharply. The alewife distribution shift was followed by increased reproductive success of two native fishes, lake trout and yellow perch whereas the decline of Diporeia was followed by the appearance of emaciated lake whitefish and slimy sculpin, two native fishes that eat Diporeia.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Invasion of alien species in Holarctic: proceedings of the U.S.-Russia Invasive Species Workshop","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"conferenceTitle":"U.S.-Russia Invasive Species Workshop","conferenceDate":"August 27-31, 2001","conferenceLocation":"Borok, Russia","language":"English","publisher":"Russian Academy of Sciences","usgsCitation":"O’Gorman, R., and Owens, R.W., 2003, Establishment of dreissenids in Lake Ontario: implications for the endemic fish community, <i>in</i> Invasion of alien species in Holarctic: proceedings of the U.S.-Russia Invasive Species Workshop, Borok, Russia, August 27-31, 2001, p. 546-553.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"546","endPage":"553","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321759,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57481e2fe4b07e28b664dba0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O’Gorman, Robert rogorman@usgs.gov","contributorId":3451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Gorman","given":"Robert","email":"rogorman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":630528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Owens, Randall W.","contributorId":23871,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Owens","given":"Randall","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70025684,"text":"70025684 - 2003 - Using 1-Hz GPS data to measure deformations caused by the denali fault earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:32","indexId":"70025684","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using 1-Hz GPS data to measure deformations caused by the denali fault earthquake","docAbstract":"The 3 November 2002 moment magnitude 7.9 Denali fault earthquake generated large, permanent surface displacements in Alaska and large-amplitude surface waves throughout western North America. We find good agreement between strong ground-motion records integrated to displacement and 1-hertz Global Positioning System (GPS) position estimates collected ??? 140 kilometers from the earthquake epicenter. One-hertz GPS receivers also detected seismic surface waves 750 to 3800 kilometers from the epicenter, whereas these waves saturated many of the seismic instruments in the same region. High-frequency GPS increases the dynamic range and frequency bandwidth of ground-motion observations, providing another tool for studying earthquake processes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1126/science.1084531","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Larson, K., Bodin, P., and Gomberg, J., 2003, Using 1-Hz GPS data to measure deformations caused by the denali fault earthquake: Science, v. 300, no. 5624, p. 1421-1424, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1084531.","startPage":"1421","endPage":"1424","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208807,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1084531"},{"id":234816,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"300","issue":"5624","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc00ae4b08c986b329ebf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Larson, K.M.","contributorId":84949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bodin, P.","contributorId":29554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bodin","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gomberg, J.","contributorId":95994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gomberg","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70171310,"text":"70171310 - 2003 - A rehabilitation plan for walleye populations and habitats in Lake Superior","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-10T11:14:47","indexId":"70171310","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":190,"text":"Miscellaneous Publication","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":3}},"seriesNumber":"2003-01","title":"A rehabilitation plan for walleye populations and habitats in Lake Superior","docAbstract":"<p>The walleye (<i>Stizostedion vitreum vitreum</i>) has been historically important in regional fisheries and fish communities in large bays, estuaries, and rivers of Lake Superior. Significant negative impacts on the species caused by overharvesting, habitat degradation, and pollution during the late 1800s and early 1900s have led to the preparation of a strategic rehabilitation plan. The lakewide goal is to maintain, enhance, and rehabilitate habitat for walleye and to establish self-sustaining populations in areas where walleyes historically lived. Population objectives that support the goal are to increase the abundance of juvenile and adult walleyes in selected areas. Habitat objectives that support the goal include increasing spawning and nursery habitat in four areas: enhancing fish passage, reducing sedimentation, increasing water quality, and reducing contaminants in walleyes. Progress toward achieving the habitat objectives should be measured by documenting increases in spawning and nursery habitats, resolving fish-passage issues, reducing sediments in rivers, and reducing contaminant levels in walleyes. Stocking various life stages of walleye should be considered to rehabilitate certain degraded populations. Total annual mortality of walleye populations should be less than 45% to allow populations to either increase or be maintained at target levels of abundance. Routine assessments should focus on gathering the data necessary to evaluate abundance and mortality and on taking inventories of spawning and nursery habitats. Research should be conducted to understand the specific habitat requirements for Lake Superior walleye populations and the habitat-abundance relationships for populations and for the lake as a whole.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Great Lakes Fishery Commission","usgsCitation":"Hoff, M.H., 2003, A rehabilitation plan for walleye populations and habitats in Lake Superior: Miscellaneous Publication 2003-01, 22 p.","productDescription":"22 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321758,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57481e2be4b07e28b664db7d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoff, Michael H.","contributorId":111519,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoff","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70171302,"text":"70171302 - 2003 - A comparison of nested quadrat and point-line intercept sampling methods for fire effects monitoring in shortgrass prairie","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-26T11:49:58","indexId":"70171302","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"A comparison of nested quadrat and point-line intercept sampling methods for fire effects monitoring in shortgrass prairie","docAbstract":"<p><span>Within the National Park Service (NPS) and other federal land-managing agencies, there has been widespread application of the use of standardized fire-effects monitoring protocols. While standardization is often desirable, researchers and managers have come to recognize that 1 method does not work in all habitats with regard to application and efficiency. In 1999, in response to a wildfire that burned over 2428 ha of prairie habitat within Alibates Flint Quarries National Monument (ALFL) and Lake Meredith National Recreation Area (LAMR), Texas, long-term monitoring using a newer nested quadrat frequency/importance score method was implemented. In 2001, a 2-y study was initiated to compare the time and information-gathering efficacy of the nested quadrat method with the current NPS protocol used for monitoring fire effects within grassland systems. Both sampling methods were performed within burned and unburned mesa-top prairie habitats. No statistically significant differences were detected for total species richness between the 2 methods. However, the point-line intercept transects required significantly more time to sample compared to the nested quadrats. Within shortgrass prairie habitats the nested quadrat method appears to be a more efficient and effective sampling strategy than traditional point-line intercept methods.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 18th North American Prairie Conference: promoting prairie","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"conferenceTitle":"18th North American Prairie Conference: promoting prairie","language":"English","publisher":"Truman State University Press","usgsCitation":"Benjamin, P.K., Stumpf, J.A., and Pavlovic, N.B., 2003, A comparison of nested quadrat and point-line intercept sampling methods for fire effects monitoring in shortgrass prairie, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the 18th North American Prairie Conference: promoting prairie, p. 116-123.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"116","endPage":"123","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321752,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57481e2be4b07e28b664db77","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Benjamin, Pamela K.","contributorId":9247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benjamin","given":"Pamela","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stumpf, Julie A.","contributorId":169648,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stumpf","given":"Julie","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pavlovic, Noel B. 0000-0002-2335-2274 npavlovic@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2335-2274","contributorId":1976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pavlovic","given":"Noel","email":"npavlovic@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":630500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70179911,"text":"70179911 - 2003 - Olfactory sensitivity of Pacific lampreys to petromyzonol sulfate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-20T10:42:41","indexId":"70179911","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Olfactory sensitivity of Pacific lampreys to petromyzonol sulfate","docAbstract":"<p>Abstract not available&nbsp;</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"In Close, D.A. (ed.)","language":"English","publisher":"Bonneville Power Administration","usgsCitation":"Robinson, T., Bayer, J., and Seelye, J., 2003, Olfactory sensitivity of Pacific lampreys to petromyzonol sulfate.","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":333535,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58833025e4b0d002316377ba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robinson, T.C.","contributorId":178452,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Robinson","given":"T.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bayer, J.M.","contributorId":47945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bayer","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Seelye, J.G.","contributorId":32861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seelye","given":"J.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70171303,"text":"70171303 - 2003 - Spatially explicit measures of production of young alewives in Lake Michigan: Linkage between essential fish habitat and recruitment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-26T11:53:00","indexId":"70171303","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1584,"text":"Estuaries and Coasts","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatially explicit measures of production of young alewives in Lake Michigan: Linkage between essential fish habitat and recruitment","docAbstract":"<p><span>The identification and protection of essential habitats for early life stages of fishes are necessary to sustain fish stocks. Essential fish habitat for early life stages may be defined as areas where fish densities, growth, survival, or production rates are relatively high. To identify critical habitats for young-of-year (YOY) alewives (</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Alosa pseud oharengus</i><span>) in Lake Michigan, we integrated bioenergetics models with GIS (Geographic Information Systems) to generate spatially explicit estimates of potential population production (an index of habitat quality). These estimates were based upon YOY alewife bioenergetic growth rate potential and their salmonine predators&rsquo; consumptive demand. We compared estimates of potential population production to YOY alewife yield (an index of habitat importance). Our analysis suggested that during 1994&ndash;1995, YOY alewife habitat quality and yield varied widely throughout Lake Michigan. Spatial patterns of alewife yield were not significantly correlated to habitat quality. Various mechanisms (e.g., predator migrations, lake circulation patterns, alternative strategies) may preclude YOY alewives from concentrating in areas of high habitat quality in Lake Michigan.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF02691690","usgsCitation":"Hook, T.O., Rutherford, E.S., Brines, S.J., Mason, D.M., Schwab, D.J., McCormick, M., and Desorcie, T.J., 2003, Spatially explicit measures of production of young alewives in Lake Michigan: Linkage between essential fish habitat and recruitment: Estuaries and Coasts, v. 26, no. 1, p. 21-29, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02691690.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"21","endPage":"29","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321753,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57481e3be4b07e28b664dc05","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hook, Tomas O.","contributorId":150480,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hook","given":"Tomas","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":13186,"text":"Purdue University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":630502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rutherford, Edward S.","contributorId":54161,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rutherford","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brines, Shannon J.","contributorId":85757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brines","given":"Shannon","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mason, Doran M.","contributorId":75114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mason","given":"Doran","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schwab, David J.","contributorId":71892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwab","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"McCormick, Michael","contributorId":18791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCormick","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Desorcie, Timothy J. 0000-0002-9965-1668 tdesorcie@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9965-1668","contributorId":3672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Desorcie","given":"Timothy","email":"tdesorcie@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":630508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70197153,"text":"70197153 - 2003 - Geophysical setting of the Pahute Mesa - Oasis Valley region, southern Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-18T13:07:06","indexId":"70197153","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5690,"text":"Nevada Bureau Mines & Geology Report","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"50","title":"Geophysical setting of the Pahute Mesa - Oasis Valley region, southern Nevada","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology","usgsCitation":"Mankinen, E.A., Hildenbrand, T.G., Fridrich, C.J., McKee, E.H., and Schenkel, C.J., 2003, Geophysical setting of the Pahute Mesa - Oasis Valley region, southern Nevada: Nevada Bureau Mines & Geology Report 50, CD-ROM; 46 p.","productDescription":"CD-ROM; 46 p.","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":354320,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":354319,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.nbmg.unr.edu/Geophys-Pahute-Mesa-CD-ROM-p/r050.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b158519e4b092d9651e2119","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mankinen, Edward A. 0000-0001-7496-2681 emank@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7496-2681","contributorId":1054,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mankinen","given":"Edward","email":"emank@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":735839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hildenbrand, Thomas G.","contributorId":61787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hildenbrand","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":735840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fridrich, Christopher J. 0000-0003-2453-6478 fridrich@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2453-6478","contributorId":1251,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fridrich","given":"Christopher","email":"fridrich@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":735841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McKee, Edwin H. mckee@usgs.gov","contributorId":3728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKee","given":"Edwin","email":"mckee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":735842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schenkel, Clifford J.","contributorId":37370,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schenkel","given":"Clifford","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":735843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70026168,"text":"70026168 - 2003 - Predation on stocked Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) fry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:34","indexId":"70026168","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predation on stocked Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) fry","docAbstract":"We studied predator-prey interactions between juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and trout in three Massachusetts, U.S.A., streams and in artificial streams. We sampled stomach contents of age-1+ and older salmon and trout (Salvelinus fontinalis, Salmo trutta) following salmon fry stocking in the spring of 1997 and 1998. Between 4.3 and 48.6% of the stocked fry were consumed within the first 2 days after stocking, and total fry mortality from predation varied from 4.3 to 60.7%. No significant differences were found between stomach weights of predators (without fry weight) that consumed fry and those that did not. Artificial stream experiments testing effects of habitat complexity and predator species on predator consumption rates revealed that consumption rates were not different between brook (S. fontinalis) and brown (S. trutta) trout (p = 0.59). Predation rate tended to decrease as the percentage of riffle habitat increased but the decrease was not significant (p = 0.22). Our results indicate that predation on stocked Atlantic salmon fry can be substantial (up to 60%), appears to be short lived (2 days), and is not related in a simple way to abiotic and biotic factors.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1139/f03-001","issn":"0706652X","usgsCitation":"Henderson, J., and Letcher, B., 2003, Predation on stocked Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) fry: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 60, no. 1, p. 32-42, https://doi.org/10.1139/f03-001.","startPage":"32","endPage":"42","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208943,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f03-001"},{"id":235065,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"60","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8163e4b0c8380cd7b4e3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Henderson, J.N.","contributorId":107902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henderson","given":"J.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Letcher, B. H. 0000-0003-0191-5678","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0191-5678","contributorId":48132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Letcher","given":"B.","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":408229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70026167,"text":"70026167 - 2003 - Methods for using groundwater model predictions to guide hydrogeologic data collection, with application to the Death Valley regional groundwater flow system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-29T16:24:09.871387","indexId":"70026167","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Methods for using groundwater model predictions to guide hydrogeologic data collection, with application to the Death Valley regional groundwater flow system","docAbstract":"<p><span>Calibrated models of groundwater systems can provide substantial information for guiding data collection. This work considers using such models to guide hydrogeologic data collection for improving model predictions by identifying model parameters that are most important to the predictions. Identification of these important parameters can help guide collection of field data about parameter values and associated flow system features and can lead to improved predictions. Methods for identifying parameters important to predictions include prediction scaled sensitivities (PSS), which account for uncertainty on individual parameters as well as prediction sensitivity to parameters, and a new “value of improved information” (VOII) method presented here, which includes the effects of parameter correlation in addition to individual parameter uncertainty and prediction sensitivity. In this work, the PSS and VOII methods are demonstrated and evaluated using a model of the Death Valley regional groundwater flow system. The predictions of interest are advective transport paths originating at sites of past underground nuclear testing. Results show that for two paths evaluated the most important parameters include a subset of five or six of the 23 defined model parameters. Some of the parameters identified as most important are associated with flow system attributes that do not lie in the immediate vicinity of the paths. Results also indicate that the PSS and VOII methods can identify different important parameters. Because the methods emphasize somewhat different criteria for parameter importance, it is suggested that parameters identified by both methods be carefully considered in subsequent data collection efforts aimed at improving model predictions.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2001WR001255","issn":"00431397","usgsCitation":"Tiedeman, C.R., Hill, M.C., D’Agnese, F.A., and Faunt, C., 2003, Methods for using groundwater model predictions to guide hydrogeologic data collection, with application to the Death Valley regional groundwater flow system: Water Resources Research, v. 39, no. 1, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2001WR001255.","productDescription":"17 p.","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":388629,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United  States","state":"California, Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Death Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -118.487548828125,\n              35.460669951495305\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.367431640625,\n              35.460669951495305\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.367431640625,\n              37.87485339352928\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.487548828125,\n              37.87485339352928\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.487548828125,\n              35.460669951495305\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"39","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-01-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a55d5e4b0c8380cd6d2c2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tiedeman, C. R.","contributorId":104107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tiedeman","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hill, M. C.","contributorId":48993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"D’Agnese, F. A.","contributorId":6096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"D’Agnese","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Faunt, C.C. 0000-0001-5659-7529","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5659-7529","contributorId":103314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Faunt","given":"C.C.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":408227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70025050,"text":"70025050 - 2003 - Basal melting of snow on early Mars: A possible origin of some valley networks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-05T14:36:06.872763","indexId":"70025050","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Basal melting of snow on early Mars: A possible origin of some valley networks","docAbstract":"<p>Valley<span>&nbsp;</span>networks<span>&nbsp;appear to be cut by liquid water, yet simulations suggest that&nbsp;</span>early<span>&nbsp;</span>Mars<span>&nbsp;could not have been warmed enough by&nbsp;</span>a<span>&nbsp;CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>-H</span><sub>2</sub><span>O greenhouse to permit rainfall. The vulnerability of an&nbsp;</span>early<span>&nbsp;atmosphere to impact erosion, the likely rapid scavenging of CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;from the atmosphere by weathering, and the lack of detection of weathering products all support&nbsp;</span>a<span>&nbsp;cold&nbsp;</span>early<span>&nbsp;</span>Mars<span>. We explore the hypothesis that&nbsp;</span>valley<span>&nbsp;</span>networks<span>&nbsp;could have formed as&nbsp;</span>a<span>&nbsp;result of&nbsp;</span>basal<span>&nbsp;</span>melting<span>&nbsp;of thick&nbsp;</span>snow<span>&nbsp;and ice deposits. Depending on the heat flow, an&nbsp;</span>early<span>&nbsp;snowpack&nbsp;</span>a<span>&nbsp;few hundred meters to&nbsp;</span>a<span>&nbsp;few kilometers thick could undergo&nbsp;</span>basal<span>&nbsp;</span>melting<span>, providing water to cut&nbsp;</span>valley<span>&nbsp;</span>networks<span>.&nbsp;</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2003GL018575","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Carr, M.H., and Head, J.W., 2003, Basal melting of snow on early Mars: A possible origin of some valley networks: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 30, no. 24, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2003GL018575.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478565,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2003gl018575","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":387717,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","volume":"30","issue":"24","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-12-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059efc1e4b0c8380cd4a428","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carr, M. H.","contributorId":84727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carr","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":403608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Head, J. W. III","contributorId":106267,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Head","given":"J.","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70025049,"text":"70025049 - 2003 - Athena Microscopic Imager investigation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-12T08:39:26","indexId":"70025049","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2317,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Athena Microscopic Imager investigation","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Athena science payload on the Mars Exploration Rovers (MER) includes the Microscopic Imager (MI). The MI is a fixed‐focus camera mounted on the end of an extendable instrument arm, the Instrument Deployment Device (IDD). The MI was designed to acquire images at a spatial resolution of 30 microns/pixel over a broad spectral range (400–700 nm). The MI uses the same electronics design as the other MER cameras but has optics that yield a field of view of 31 × 31 mm across a 1024 × 1024 pixel CCD image. The MI acquires images using only solar or skylight illumination of the target surface. A contact sensor is used to place the MI slightly closer to the target surface than its best focus distance (about 66 mm), allowing concave surfaces to be imaged in good focus. Coarse focusing (∼2 mm precision) is achieved by moving the IDD away from a rock target after the contact sensor has been activated. The MI optics are protected from the Martian environment by a retractable dust cover. The dust cover includes a Kapton window that is tinted orange to restrict the spectral bandpass to 500–700 nm, allowing color information to be obtained by taking images with the dust cover open and closed. MI data will be used to place other MER instrument data in context and to aid in petrologic and geologic interpretations of rocks and soils on Mars.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/2003JE002076","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Herkenhoff, K.E., Squyres, S.W., Bell, J., Maki, J., Arneson, H., Bertelsen, P., Brown, D., Collins, S., Dingizian, A., Elliott, S., Goetz, W., Hagerott, E., Hayes, A., Johnson, M.J., Kirk, R.L., McLennan, S., Morris, R., Scherr, L., Schwochert, M., Shiraishi, L., Smith, G., Soderblom, L.A., Sohl-Dickstein, J.N., and Wadsworth, M., 2003, Athena Microscopic Imager investigation: Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets, v. 108, no. E12, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JE002076.","productDescription":"23 p.","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478507,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2003je002076","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":236019,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","volume":"108","issue":"E12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-11-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ee9fe4b0c8380cd49e87","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Herkenhoff, Kenneth E. 0000-0002-3153-6663 kherkenhoff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3153-6663","contributorId":2275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herkenhoff","given":"Kenneth","email":"kherkenhoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":403591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Squyres, S. W.","contributorId":31836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Squyres","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bell, J.F. III","contributorId":97612,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bell","given":"J.F.","suffix":"III","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Maki, J.N.","contributorId":11356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maki","given":"J.N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Arneson, H.M.","contributorId":86935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arneson","given":"H.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bertelsen, P.","contributorId":66459,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bertelsen","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Brown, D.I.","contributorId":103851,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"D.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Collins, S.A.","contributorId":63947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collins","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Dingizian, A.","contributorId":103835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dingizian","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Elliott, S.T.","contributorId":87733,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elliott","given":"S.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Goetz, W.","contributorId":104258,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goetz","given":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Hagerott, E.C.","contributorId":58426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hagerott","given":"E.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Hayes, A. G.","contributorId":31098,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hayes","given":"A. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Johnson, M. J.","contributorId":52988,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Kirk, Randolph L. 0000-0003-0842-9226 rkirk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0842-9226","contributorId":2765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirk","given":"Randolph","email":"rkirk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":403601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"McLennan, S.","contributorId":105491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McLennan","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Morris, R.V.","contributorId":6978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morris","given":"R.V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Scherr, L.M.","contributorId":45879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scherr","given":"L.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Schwochert, M.A.","contributorId":97690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwochert","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Shiraishi, L.R.","contributorId":63593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shiraishi","given":"L.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Smith, G.H.","contributorId":71565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"G.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21},{"text":"Soderblom, Laurence A. 0000-0002-0917-853X lsoderblom@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0917-853X","contributorId":2721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soderblom","given":"Laurence","email":"lsoderblom@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":403584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":22},{"text":"Sohl-Dickstein, J. N.","contributorId":72171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sohl-Dickstein","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":23},{"text":"Wadsworth, M.V.","contributorId":70165,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wadsworth","given":"M.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":24}]}}
,{"id":70025443,"text":"70025443 - 2003 - Impact of structural and autocyclic basin-floor topography on the depositional evolution of the deep-water Valparaiso forearc basin, central Chile","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:59","indexId":"70025443","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":972,"text":"Basin Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Impact of structural and autocyclic basin-floor topography on the depositional evolution of the deep-water Valparaiso forearc basin, central Chile","docAbstract":"The Valparaiso Basin constitutes a unique and prominent deep-water forearc basin underlying a 40-km by 60-km mid-slope terrace at 2.5-km water depth on the central Chile margin. Seismic-reflection data, collected as part of the CONDOR investigation, image a 3-3.5-km thick sediment succession that fills a smoothly sagged, margin-parallel, elongated trough at the base of the upper slope. In response to underthrusting of the Juan Ferna??ndez Ridge on the Nazca plate, the basin fill is increasingly deformed in the seaward direction above seaward-vergent outer forearc compressional highs. Syn-depositional growth of a large, margin-parallel monoclinal high in conjunction with sagging of the inner trough of the basin created stratal geometries similar to those observed in forearc basins bordered by large accretionary prisms. Margin-parallel compressional ridges diverted turbidity currents along the basin axis and exerted a direct control on sediment depositional processes. As structural depressions became buried, transverse input from point sources on the adjacent upper slope formed complex fan systems with sediment waves characterising the overbank environment, common on many Pleistocene turbidite systems. Mass failure as a result of local topographic inversion formed a prominent mass-flow deposit, and ultimately resulted in canyon formation and hence a new focused point source feeding the basin. The Valparaiso Basin is presently filled to the spill point of the outer forearc highs, causing headward erosion of incipient canyons into the basin fill and allowing bypass of sediment to the Chile Trench. Age estimates that are constrained by subduction-related syn-depositional deformation of the upper 700-800m of the basin fill suggest that glacio-eustatic sea-level lowstands, in conjunction with accelerated denudation rates, within the past 350 ka may have contributed to the increase in simultaneously active point sources along the upper slope as well as an increased complexity of proximal depositional facies.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Basin Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1046/j.1365-2117.2003.00205.x","issn":"0950091X","usgsCitation":"Laursen, J., and Normark, W.R., 2003, Impact of structural and autocyclic basin-floor topography on the depositional evolution of the deep-water Valparaiso forearc basin, central Chile: Basin Research, v. 15, no. 2, p. 201-226, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2117.2003.00205.x.","startPage":"201","endPage":"226","numberOfPages":"26","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209577,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2117.2003.00205.x"},{"id":236193,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-05-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a38cbe4b0c8380cd616c7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Laursen, J.","contributorId":46718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laursen","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Normark, W. R.","contributorId":87137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Normark","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70025237,"text":"70025237 - 2003 - Evidence for nutrient enrichment of high-elevation lakes in the Sierra Nevada, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T16:07:44","indexId":"70025237","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2620,"text":"Limnology and Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence for nutrient enrichment of high-elevation lakes in the Sierra Nevada, California","docAbstract":"Long-term measurements (1983-2001) of nutrients and seston in Emerald Lake (Sierra Nevada, California) have revealed ecologically significant patterns. Nitrate, both during spring runoff and during growing seasons, declined from 1983 through 1995. Declining snowmelt nitrate was caused primarily by changes in snow regime induced by the 1987-1992 drought: years with shallow, early melting snowpacks had lower snowmelt nitrate concentrations owing to less labile N production in catchment soils and longer plant growing seasons. However, nitrate declines during growing seasons carried through the wetter years of 1993-2000 and are likely the result of increased P loading to the lake and the release of phytoplankton from P limitation. Contemporaneous with these changes was an increase in algal biomass and a shift from P limitation toward more frequent N limitation of phytoplankton abundance. Particulate carbon concentrations in the late 1990s were two- to threefold greater than in the early 1980s. These trends were reflected in a larger set of Sierra Nevada lakes sampled as part of synoptic surveys (n = 28). Between 1985 and 1999, nitrate decreased and total P increased in >70% of the lakes sampled. Our data suggest that lakes throughout the Sierra Nevada are experiencing measurable eutrophication in response to the atmospheric deposition of nutrients.","language":"English","publisher":"ASLO","doi":"10.4319/lo.2003.48.5.1885","issn":"00243590","usgsCitation":"Sickman, J.O., Melack, J.M., and Clow, D.W., 2003, Evidence for nutrient enrichment of high-elevation lakes in the Sierra Nevada, California: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 48, no. 5, p. 1885-1892, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2003.48.5.1885.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1885","endPage":"1892","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478508,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2003.48.5.1885","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":235958,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"48","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-09-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0d4ce4b0c8380cd52f26","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sickman, James O.","contributorId":30741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sickman","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Melack, John M.","contributorId":167466,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Melack","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":24713,"text":"Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":404359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clow, David W. 0000-0001-6183-4824 dwclow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6183-4824","contributorId":1671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clow","given":"David","email":"dwclow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":404358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70025238,"text":"70025238 - 2003 - GCIP water and energy budget synthesis (WEBS)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-27T13:53:32","indexId":"70025238","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2316,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"GCIP water and energy budget synthesis (WEBS)","docAbstract":"<p>As part of the World Climate Research Program's (WCRPs) Global Energy and Water-Cycle Experiment (GEWEX) Continental-scale International Project (GCIP), a preliminary water and energy budget synthesis (WEBS) was developed for the period 1996-1999 fromthe \"best available\" observations and models. Besides this summary paper, a companion CD-ROM with more extensive discussion, figures, tables, and raw data is available to the interested researcher from the GEWEX project office, the GAPP project office, or the first author. An updated online version of the CD-ROM is also available at http://ecpc.ucsd.edu/gcip/webs.htm/. Observations cannot adequately characterize or \"close\" budgets since too many fundamental processes are missing. Models that properly represent the many complicated atmospheric and near-surface interactions are also required. This preliminary synthesis therefore included a representative global general circulation model, regional climate model, and a macroscale hydrologic model as well as a global reanalysis and a regional analysis. By the qualitative agreement among the models and available observations, it did appear that we now qualitatively understand water and energy budgets of the Mississippi River Basin. However, there is still much quantitative uncertainty. In that regard, there did appear to be a clear advantage to using a regional analysis over a global analysis or a regional simulation over a global simulation to describe the Mississippi River Basin water and energy budgets. There also appeared to be some advantage to using a macroscale hydrologic model for at least the surface water budgets. Copyright 2003 by the American Geophysical Union.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/2002JD002583","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Roads, J., Lawford, R., Bainto, E., Berbery, E., Chen, S., Fekete, B., Gallo, K., Grundstein, A., Higgins, W., Kanamitsu, M., Krajewski, W., Lakshmi, V., Leathers, D., Lettenmaier, D., Luo, L., Maurer, E., Meyers, T., Miller, D., Mitchell, K., Mote, T., Pinker, R., Reichler, T., Robinson, D., Robock, A., Smith, J., Srinivasan, G., Verdin, K., Vinnikov, K., Vonder, H.T., Vorosmarty, C., Williams, S., and Yarosh, E., 2003, GCIP water and energy budget synthesis (WEBS): Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres, v. 108, no. 16, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JD002583.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235959,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"108","issue":"16","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-08-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1445e4b0c8380cd54990","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roads, J.","contributorId":48370,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roads","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lawford, R.","contributorId":106295,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lawford","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bainto, E.","contributorId":100593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bainto","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Berbery, E.","contributorId":45096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berbery","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Chen, S.","contributorId":7856,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chen","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Fekete, B.","contributorId":81297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fekete","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Gallo, K. 0000-0001-9162-5011 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0000-0002-6114-4660","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6114-4660","contributorId":33505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verdin","given":"K.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":27},{"text":"Vinnikov, K.","contributorId":29620,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vinnikov","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":28},{"text":"Vonder, Haar T.","contributorId":31560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vonder","given":"Haar","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":29},{"text":"Vorosmarty, C.","contributorId":79276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vorosmarty","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":30},{"text":"Williams, S.","contributorId":18514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":31},{"text":"Yarosh, E.","contributorId":83726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yarosh","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":32}]}}
,{"id":70025804,"text":"70025804 - 2003 - Assessment of sampling methods to estimate horseshoe crab (Limulus polyphemus L.) egg density in Delaware Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:32","indexId":"70025804","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1663,"text":"Fishery Bulletin","printIssn":"0090-0656","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessment of sampling methods to estimate horseshoe crab (Limulus polyphemus L.) egg density in Delaware Bay","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Fishery Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00900656","usgsCitation":"Pooler, P., Smith, D., Loveland, R., Botton, M., and Michels, S., 2003, Assessment of sampling methods to estimate horseshoe crab (Limulus polyphemus L.) egg density in Delaware Bay: Fishery Bulletin, v. 101, no. 3, p. 698-703.","startPage":"698","endPage":"703","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234974,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"101","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ee51e4b0c8380cd49ccc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pooler, P.S.","contributorId":78686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pooler","given":"P.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, D. R. 0000-0001-6074-9257","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6074-9257","contributorId":44108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D. R.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":406636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Loveland, R.E.","contributorId":49158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loveland","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Botton, M.L.","contributorId":104682,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Botton","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Michels, S.F.","contributorId":34867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michels","given":"S.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70194302,"text":"70194302 - 2003 - Biological soil crusts in deserts: A short review of their role in soil fertility, stabilization, and water relations ","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-21T17:41:57","indexId":"70194302","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5560,"text":"Algological Studies","printIssn":"1864-1318","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Biological soil crusts in deserts: A short review of their role in soil fertility, stabilization, and water relations ","docAbstract":"<p>Cyanobacteria and cyanolichens dominate most desert soil surfaces as the major component of biological soil crusts (BSC). BSCs contribute to soil fertility in many ways. BSC can increase weathering of parent materials by up to 100 times. Soil surface biota are often sticky, and help retain dust falling on the soil surface; this dust provides many plant-essential nutrients including N, P, K, Mg, Na, Mn, Cu, and Fe. BSCs also provide roughened soil surfaces that slow water runoff and aid in retaining seeds and organic matter. They provide inputs of newly-fixed carbon and nitrogen to soils. They are essential in stabilizing soil surfaces by linking soil particles together with filamentous sheaths, enabling soils to resist both water and wind erosion. These same sheaths are important in keeping soil nutrients from becoming bound into plant-unavailable forms. Experimental disturbances applied in US deserts show soil surface impacts decrease N and C inputs from soil biota by up to 100%. The ability to hold aeolian deposits in place is compromised, and underlying soils are exposed to erosion. While most undisturbed sites show little sediment production, disturbance by vehicles or livestock produces up to 36 times more sediment production, with soil movement initiated at wind velocities well below commonly-occurring wind speeds. Winds across disturbed areas can quickly remove this material from the soil surface, thereby potentially removing much of current and future soil fertility. Thus, reduction in the cover of cyanophytes in desert soils can both reduce fertility inputs and accelerate fertility losses. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung","doi":"10.1127/1864-1318/2003/0109-0113","usgsCitation":"Belnap, J., 2003, Biological soil crusts in deserts: A short review of their role in soil fertility, stabilization, and water relations : Algological Studies, v. 109, no. 1, p. 113-126, https://doi.org/10.1127/1864-1318/2003/0109-0113.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"113","endPage":"126","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":349246,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"109","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a611bc5e4b06e28e9c25a13","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Belnap, Jayne 0000-0001-7471-2279 jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7471-2279","contributorId":1332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belnap","given":"Jayne","email":"jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":723184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70025798,"text":"70025798 - 2003 - Petrogenesis of mesozoic, peraluminous granites in the Lamoille canyon area, Ruby mountains, Nevada, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-21T17:31:28.189151","indexId":"70025798","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2420,"text":"Journal of Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Petrogenesis of mesozoic, peraluminous granites in the Lamoille canyon area, Ruby mountains, Nevada, USA","docAbstract":"<p><span>Two groups of closely associated, peraluminous, two-mica granitic gneiss were identified in the area. The older, sparsely distributed unit is equigranular (EG) with initial ε</span><sub>Nd</sub><span>&nbsp;∼ − 8·8 and initial&nbsp;</span><sup>87</sup><span>Sr/</span><sup>86</sup><span>Sr ∼0·7098. Its age is uncertain. The younger unit is Late Cretaceous (∼80 Ma), pegmatitic, and sillimanite-bearing (KPG), with ε</span><sub>Nd</sub><span>&nbsp;from −15·8 to −17·3 and initial&nbsp;</span><sup>87</sup><span>Sr/</span><sup>86</sup><span>Sr from 0·7157 to 0·7198. The concentrations of Fe, Mg, Na, Ca, Sr, V, Zr, Zn and Hf are higher, and K, Rb and Th are lower in the EG. Major- and trace-element models indicate that the KPG was derived by muscovite dehydration melting (&lt;35 km depth) of Neoproterozoic metapelitic rocks that are widespread in the eastern Great Basin. The models are broadly consistent with anatexis of crust tectonically thickened during the Sevier orogeny; no mantle mass or heat contribution was necessary. As such, this unit represents one crustal end-member of regional Late Cretaceous peraluminous granites. The EG was produced by biotite dehydration melting at greater depths, with garnet stable in the residue. The source of the EG was probably Paleoproterozoic metagraywacke. Because EG magmatism probably pre-dated Late Cretaceous crustal thickening, it required heat input from the mantle or from mantle-derived magma.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/petrology/44.4.713","issn":"00223530","usgsCitation":"Lee, S., Barnes, C., Snoke, A., Howard, K.A., and Frost, C., 2003, Petrogenesis of mesozoic, peraluminous granites in the Lamoille canyon area, Ruby mountains, Nevada, USA: Journal of Petrology, v. 44, no. 4, p. 713-732, https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/44.4.713.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"713","endPage":"732","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":388279,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United  States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Ruby Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -116.91650390625,\n              38.8225909761771\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.10400390625,\n              38.8225909761771\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.10400390625,\n              41.983994270935625\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.91650390625,\n              41.983994270935625\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.91650390625,\n              38.8225909761771\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"44","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-04-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7781e4b0c8380cd784f5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, S.-Y.","contributorId":75669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"S.-Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barnes, C. G.","contributorId":78819,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barnes","given":"C. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Snoke, A.W.","contributorId":14899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snoke","given":"A.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Howard, K. A.","contributorId":48938,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Howard","given":"K.","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Frost, C.D.","contributorId":20900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frost","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70006980,"text":"70006980 - 2003 - Habitat characteristics of polar bear terrestrial maternal den sites in northern Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-06T15:20:36.17559","indexId":"70006980","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":894,"text":"Arctic","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Habitat characteristics of polar bear terrestrial maternal den sites in northern Alaska","docAbstract":"<p><span>Polar bears (</span><i>Ursus maritimus</i><span>) give birth to and nurture their young in dens of ice and snow. During 1999-2001, we measured the structure of 22 dens on the coastal plain of northern Alaska after polar bear families had evacuated their dens in the spring. During the summers of 2001 and 2002, we revisited the sites of 42 maternal and autumn exploratory dens and recorded characteristics of the under-snow habitat. The structure of polar bear snow dens was highly variable. Most were simple chambers with a single entrance/egress tunnel. Others had multiple chambers and additional tunnels. Thickness of snow above and below dens was highly variable, but most dens were overlain by less than 1 m of snow. Dens were located on, or associated with, pronounced landscape features (primarily coastal and river banks, but also a lake shore and an abandoned oil field gravel pad) that are readily distinguished from the surrounding terrain in summer and catch snow in early winter. Although easily identified, den landforms in northern Alaska were more subtle than den habitats in many other parts of the Arctic. The structure of polar bear dens in Alaska was strikingly similar to that of dens elsewhere and has remained largely unchanged in northern Alaska for more than 25 years. Knowledge of den structure and site characteristics will allow resource managers to identify habitats with the greatest probability of holding dens. This information may assist resource managers in preventing negative impacts of mineral exploration and extraction on polar bears.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Arctic Institute of North America","doi":"10.14430/arctic602","usgsCitation":"Durner, G.M., Amstrup, S.C., and Fischbach, A.S., 2003, Habitat characteristics of polar bear terrestrial maternal den sites in northern Alaska: Arctic, v. 56, no. 1, p. 55-62, https://doi.org/10.14430/arctic602.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"55","endPage":"62","costCenters":[{"id":106,"text":"Alaska Biological Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":387212,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"northern Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -166.640625,\n              66.96447630005638\n            ],\n            [\n              -141.328125,\n              66.96447630005638\n            ],\n            [\n              -141.328125,\n              71.85622888185527\n            ],\n            [\n              -166.640625,\n              71.85622888185527\n            ],\n            [\n              -166.640625,\n              66.96447630005638\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"56","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2f02e4b0c8380cd5c9eb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Durner, George M. 0000-0002-3370-1191 gdurner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3370-1191","contributorId":3576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Durner","given":"George","email":"gdurner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":355603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Amstrup, Steven C.","contributorId":67034,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Amstrup","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":13182,"text":"Polar Bears International","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":355604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fischbach, Anthony S. 0000-0002-6555-865X afischbach@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6555-865X","contributorId":2865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fischbach","given":"Anthony","email":"afischbach@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":355602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70194303,"text":"70194303 - 2003 - Developing a coordinated bird monitoring program for the intermountain west","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-06T16:22:37.912321","indexId":"70194303","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5303,"text":"Great Basin Birds","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Developing a coordinated bird monitoring program for the intermountain west","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.<br data-mce-bogus=\"1\"></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Great Basin Bird Observatory","usgsCitation":"Bart, J., 2003, Developing a coordinated bird monitoring program for the intermountain west: Great Basin Birds, v. 6, p. 56-62.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"56","endPage":"62","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":349247,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":401753,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.gbbo.org/publications"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -114.78515624999999,\n              33.687781758439364\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.00488281250001,\n              32.509761735919426\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.1376953125,\n              31.27855085894653\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.10546875,\n              31.27855085894653\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.10546875,\n              31.728167146023935\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.435546875,\n              31.690781806136822\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.3916015625,\n              31.914867503276223\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.4248046875,\n              32.32427558887655\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.94140625,\n              35.88905007936091\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.80957031249999,\n              37.579412513438385\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.765625,\n              39.13006024213511\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.94140625,\n              40.245991504199026\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.765625,\n              42.13082130188811\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.74316406249999,\n              43.61221676817573\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.4794921875,\n              44.59046718130883\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.314453125,\n              45.27488643704891\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.6875,\n              46.164614496897094\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.3681640625,\n              47.45780853075031\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.3681640625,\n              48.16608541901253\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.37890625,\n              49.06666839558117\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.5419921875,\n              49.009050809382046\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.9482421875,\n              45.79816953017265\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.16796875,\n              43.29320031385282\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.16796875,\n              40.111688665595956\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.025390625,\n              38.09998264736481\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.828125,\n              35.85343961959182\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.78515624999999,\n              33.687781758439364\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a611bc5e4b06e28e9c25a11","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bart, Jonathan jon_bart@usgs.gov","contributorId":57025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bart","given":"Jonathan","email":"jon_bart@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":723185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70194305,"text":"70194305 - 2003 - Food habits of the southwestern willow flycatcher during the nesting season","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-21T18:10:21","indexId":"70194305","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3489,"text":"Studies in Avian Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Food habits of the southwestern willow flycatcher during the nesting season","docAbstract":"<p>The food habits and prey base of the endangered Southwestern Willow Flycatcher (<i>Empidonax traillii extimus</i>) are not well known. We analyzed prey remains in 59 fecal samples from an intensively-studied population of this flycatcher at the Kern River Preserve in southern California. These samples were collected during the nesting season in 1996 and 1997 from adults caught in mist nets, and from nestlings temporarily removed from the nest for banding. A total of 379 prey individuals were identified in the samples. Dominant prey taxa, both in total numbers and in percent occurrence, were true bugs (Hemiptera), flies (Diptera), and beetles (Coleoptera). Leafhoppers (Homoptera: Cicadellidae), spiders (Araneae), bees and wasps (Hymenoptera), and dragonflies and damselflies (Odonata) were also common items. Diet composition was significantly different between years, due to a large difference in the numbers of spiders between 1996 and 1997. There was also a significant difference between the diet of young and adults, with the diet of young birds having significantly higher numbers of odonates and beetles. There was a trend toward diet differences between males and females, but this was not significant at the P = 0.05 level.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","usgsCitation":"Drost, C.A., Paxton, E., Sogge, M.K., and Whitfield, M.J., 2003, Food habits of the southwestern willow flycatcher during the nesting season: Studies in Avian Biology, v. 26.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"103","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":349249,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","edition":"96","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a611bc4e4b06e28e9c25a0d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Drost, Charles A. 0000-0002-4792-7095 charles_drost@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4792-7095","contributorId":3151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drost","given":"Charles","email":"charles_drost@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":723190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Paxton, Eben H. 0000-0001-5578-7689 epaxton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5578-7689","contributorId":438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paxton","given":"Eben H.","email":"epaxton@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5049,"text":"Pacific Islands Ecosys Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":723191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sogge, Mark K. 0000-0002-8337-5689 mark_sogge@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8337-5689","contributorId":3710,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sogge","given":"Mark","email":"mark_sogge@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":723192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Whitfield, Mary J.","contributorId":174933,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Whitfield","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":723193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70025603,"text":"70025603 - 2003 - Influence of different temporal sampling strategies on estimating total phosphorus and suspended sediment concentration and transport in small streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-06T11:47:44","indexId":"70025603","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of different temporal sampling strategies on estimating total phosphorus and suspended sediment concentration and transport in small streams","docAbstract":"<p>Various temporal sampling strategies are used to monitor water quality in small streams. To determine how various strategies influence the estimated water quality, frequently collected water quality data from eight small streams (14 to 110 km2) in Wisconsin were systematically subsampled to simulate typically used strategies. These subsets of data were then used to estimate mean, median, and maximum concentrations, and with continuous daily flows used to estimate annual loads (using the regression method) and volumetrically weighted mean concentrations. For each strategy, accuracy and precision in each summary statistic were evaluated by comparison with concentrations and loads of total phosphorus and suspended sediment estimated from all available data. The most effective sampling strategy depends on the statistic of interest and study duration. For mean and median concentrations, the most frequent fixed period sampling economically feasible is best. For maximum concentrations, any strategy with samples at or prior to peak flow is best. The best sampling strategy to estimate loads depends on the study duration. For one-year studies, fixed period monthly sampling supplemented with storm chasing was best, even though loads were overestimated by 25 to 50 percent. For two to three-year load studies and estimating volumetrically weighted mean concentrations, fixed period semimonthly sampling was best.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.2003.tb03709.x","usgsCitation":"Robertson, D.M., 2003, Influence of different temporal sampling strategies on estimating total phosphorus and suspended sediment concentration and transport in small streams: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 39, no. 5, p. 1281-1308, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2003.tb03709.x.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"1281","endPage":"1308","numberOfPages":"28","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":308352,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Bower Creek, Brewery Creek, Eagle Creek, Garfoot Creek, Joss Valley Creek, Kuenster Creek, Otter Creek , Rattlesnake Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -91.3623046875,\n              43.937461690316646\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.241455078125,\n              43.52465500687185\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.087646484375,\n              43.34914966389313\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.0986328125,\n              43.17313537107136\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.131591796875,\n              43.068887774169625\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.0546875,\n              42.827638636242284\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.68115234375,\n              42.61779143282346\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.670166015625,\n              42.5611728553181\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.593505859375,\n              42.48830197960227\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.9345703125,\n              42.52879629320373\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.791748046875,\n              42.53689200787317\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.890625,\n              42.93229601903058\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.86865234374999,\n              43.33316939281735\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.791748046875,\n              43.60426186809618\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.703857421875,\n              43.8899753738369\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.703857421875,\n              44.04811573082351\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.3623046875,\n              43.937461690316646\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"39","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3b27e4b0c8380cd6228f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robertson, Dale M. 0000-0001-6799-0596 dzrobert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6799-0596","contributorId":150760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robertson","given":"Dale","email":"dzrobert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":405825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70025453,"text":"70025453 - 2003 - Comparative alteration mineral mapping using visible to shortwave infrared (0.4-2.4 μm) Hyperion, ALI, and ASTER imagery","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-06T15:52:06","indexId":"70025453","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1944,"text":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparative alteration mineral mapping using visible to shortwave infrared (0.4-2.4 μm) Hyperion, ALI, and ASTER imagery","docAbstract":"Advanced Land Imager (ALI), Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER), and Hyperion imaging spectrometer data covering an area in the Central Andes between Volcan Socompa and Salar de Llullaillaco were used to map hydrothermally altered rocks associated with several young volcanic systems. Six ALI channels in the visible and near-infrared wavelength range (0.4-1.0 ??m) were useful for discriminating between ferric-iron alteration minerals based on the spectral shapes of electronic absorption features seen in continuum-removed spectra. Six ASTER channels in the short wavelength infrared (1.0-2.5 ??m) enabled distinctions between clay and sulfate mineral types based on the positions of band minima related to Al-OH vibrational absorption features. Hyperion imagery embedded in the broader image coverage of ALI and ASTER provided essential leverage for calibrating and improving the mapping accuracy of the multispectral data. This capability is especially valuable in remote areas of the earth where available geologic and other ground truth information is limited.","language":"English","publisher":"IEEE","doi":"10.1109/TGRS.2003.812906","issn":"01962892","usgsCitation":"Hubbard, B., Crowley, J., and Zimbelman, D.R., 2003, Comparative alteration mineral mapping using visible to shortwave infrared (0.4-2.4 μm) Hyperion, ALI, and ASTER imagery: IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, v. 41, no. 6 PART I, p. 1401-1410, https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2003.812906.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1401","endPage":"1410","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235746,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209378,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2003.812906"}],"volume":"41","issue":"6 PART I","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f810e4b0c8380cd4ce6d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hubbard, B.E.","contributorId":53576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubbard","given":"B.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Crowley, J.K.","contributorId":103690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crowley","given":"J.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zimbelman, D. R.","contributorId":43768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zimbelman","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
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