{"pageNumber":"2853","pageRowStart":"71300","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184569,"records":[{"id":70026037,"text":"70026037 - 2003 - Body molt of male long-tailed ducks in the nearshore waters of the north slope, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-12-27T22:25:47.558974","indexId":"70026037","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3783,"text":"The Wilson Bulletin","printIssn":"0043-5643","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Body molt of male long-tailed ducks in the nearshore waters of the north slope, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p><span>We examined the timing and intensity of body molt in relation to stage of remige growth for postbreeding adult male Long-tailed Ducks (</span><span class=\"genus-species\">Clangula hyemalis</span><span>) off the coast of northern Alaska. During this period, remige and rectrix feathers are molted simultaneously with body feathers during the prebasic molt, which results in a period of increased energetic and nutritional demands. We collected birds from late July through mid-August and recorded intensity of molt in eight regions: head and neck, back and rump, greater coverts, lesser coverts, flank and sides, breast, belly, and tail. Using nonlinear regression, we estimated the peak intensity and variation for each region in relation to ninth primary length. We found little evidence of molt in the head and neck region. The greater and lesser coverts, and back and rump reached peak molt intensities earliest and were followed by tail, breast, and belly. Molt intensity in the flank and side region was highly variable and indicated a more prolonged molting pattern in relation to other regions. While body molt occurs simultaneously with wing molt, we found that molt among regions occurred in a staggered pattern. Long-tailed Ducks may employ this staggered molting pattern to minimize the energetic and nutritional requirements of molt.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"BioOne","doi":"10.1676/02-081","issn":"00435643","usgsCitation":"Howell, M., Grand, J., and Flint, P.L., 2003, Body molt of male long-tailed ducks in the nearshore waters of the north slope, Alaska: The Wilson Bulletin, v. 115, no. 2, p. 170-175, https://doi.org/10.1676/02-081.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"170","endPage":"175","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478559,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1676/02-081","text":"External Repository"},{"id":388623,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"North Slope","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -158.02734375,\n              68.84766505841037\n            ],\n            [\n              -140.9765625,\n              68.84766505841037\n            ],\n            [\n              -140.9765625,\n              72.0739114882038\n            ],\n            [\n              -158.02734375,\n              72.0739114882038\n            ],\n            [\n              -158.02734375,\n              68.84766505841037\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"115","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f1f5e4b0c8380cd4af0f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Howell, M.D.","contributorId":22947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howell","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grand, J.B.","contributorId":11150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grand","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Flint, Paul L. 0000-0002-8758-6993 pflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8758-6993","contributorId":3284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Paul","email":"pflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":407620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70025943,"text":"70025943 - 2003 - Extraordinary phase separation and segregation in vent fluids from the southern East Pacific Rise","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:34","indexId":"70025943","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Extraordinary phase separation and segregation in vent fluids from the southern East Pacific Rise","docAbstract":"The discovery of Brandon vent on the southern East Pacific Rise is providing new insights into the controls on midocean ridge hydrothermal vent fluid chemistry. The physical conditions at the time ofsampling (287 bar and 405??C) place the Brandon fluids very close to the critical point of seawater (298 bar and 407??C). This permits in situ study of the effects of near criticalphenomena, which are interpreted to be the primary cause of enhanced transition metal transport in these fluids. Of the five orifices on Brandon sampled, three were venting fluids with less than seawater chlorinity, and two were venting fluids with greater than seawater chlorinity. The liquid phase orifices contain 1.6-1.9 times the chloride content of the vapors. Most other elements, excluding the gases, have this same ratio demonstrating the conservative nature of phase separation and the lack of subsequent water-rock interaction. The vapor and liquid phases vent at the same time from orifices within meters of each other on the Brandon structure. Variations in fluid compositions occur on a time scale of minutes. Our interpretation is that phase separation and segregation must be occurring 'real time' within the sulfide structure itself. Fluids from Brandon therefore provide an unique opportunity to understand in situ phase separation without the overprinting of continued water-rock interaction with the oceanic crust, as well as critical phenomena. ?? 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0012-821X(02)01081-6","issn":"0012821X","usgsCitation":"Von Damm, K.L., Lilley, M., Shanks, W., Brockington, M., Bray, A., O’Grady, K.M., Olson, E., Graham, A., and Proskurowski, G., 2003, Extraordinary phase separation and segregation in vent fluids from the southern East Pacific Rise: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 206, no. 3-4, p. 365-378, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(02)01081-6.","startPage":"365","endPage":"378","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234875,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208839,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(02)01081-6"}],"volume":"206","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0e64e4b0c8380cd53423","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Von Damm, Karen L.","contributorId":87701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Von Damm","given":"Karen","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lilley, M.D.","contributorId":21299,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lilley","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shanks, Wayne C.","contributorId":39419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shanks","given":"Wayne C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brockington, M.","contributorId":79682,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brockington","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bray, A.M.","contributorId":39536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bray","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"O’Grady, K. M.","contributorId":33101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Grady","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Olson, E.","contributorId":53974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olson","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Graham, A.","contributorId":24517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graham","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Proskurowski, G.","contributorId":47955,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Proskurowski","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70025942,"text":"70025942 - 2003 - Mycobacterium shottsii sp. nov., a slowly growing species isolated from Chesapeake Bay striped bass (Morone saxatilis)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:34","indexId":"70025942","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2076,"text":"International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mycobacterium shottsii sp. nov., a slowly growing species isolated from Chesapeake Bay striped bass (Morone saxatilis)","docAbstract":"Slowly growing, non-pigmented mycobacteria were isolated from striped bass (Morone saxatilis) during an epizootic of mycobacteriosis in the Chesapeake Bay. Growth characteristics, acid-fastness and results of 16S rRNA gene sequencing were consistent with those of the genus Mycobacterium. A unique profile of biochemical reactions was observed among the 21 isolates. A single cluster of eight peaks identified by analysis of mycolic acids (HPLC) resembled those of reference patterns but differed in peak elution times from profiles of reference species of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. One isolate (M175T) was placed within the slowly growing mycobacteria by analysis of aligned 16S rRNA gene sequences and was proximate in phylogeny to Mycobacterium ulcerans and Mycobacterium marinum. However, distinct nucleotide differences were detected in the 16S rRNA gene sequence among M175T, M. ulcerans and M. marinum (99.2% similarity). Isolate M175T could be differentiated from other slowly growing, non-pigmented mycobacteria by its inability to grow at 37??C, production of niacin and urease, absence of nitrate reductase and resistance to isoniazid (1 ??g ml-1), thiacetazone and thiophene-2-carboxylic hydrazide. Based upon these genetic and phenotypic differences, isolate M175T (= ATCC 700981T = NCTC 13215T) is proposed as the type strain of a novel species, Mycobacterium shottsii sp. nov.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1099/ijs.0.02299-0","issn":"14665026","usgsCitation":"Rhodes, M.W., Kator, H., Kotob, S., van Berkum, P., Kaattari, I., Vogelbein, W., Quinn, F., Floyd, M., Butler, W., and Ottinger, C., 2003, Mycobacterium shottsii sp. nov., a slowly growing species isolated from Chesapeake Bay striped bass (Morone saxatilis): International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, v. 53, no. 2, p. 421-424, https://doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.02299-0.","startPage":"421","endPage":"424","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478482,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://scholarworks.wm.edu/vimsarticles/1650","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":208816,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.02299-0"},{"id":234836,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"53","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a60e7e4b0c8380cd71741","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rhodes, M. W.","contributorId":80221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rhodes","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kator, H.","contributorId":90672,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kator","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kotob, S.","contributorId":31714,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kotob","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"van Berkum, P.","contributorId":21906,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Berkum","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kaattari, I.","contributorId":10755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaattari","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Vogelbein, W.","contributorId":23104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vogelbein","given":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Quinn, F.","contributorId":10588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quinn","given":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Floyd, M.M.","contributorId":65801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Floyd","given":"M.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Butler, W.R.","contributorId":9614,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butler","given":"W.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Ottinger, C. A. 0000-0003-2551-1985","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2551-1985","contributorId":8796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ottinger","given":"C. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70025941,"text":"70025941 - 2003 - GPS constraints on the kinematics of continental deformation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:34","indexId":"70025941","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2020,"text":"International Geology Review","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"GPS constraints on the kinematics of continental deformation","docAbstract":"Recent GPS observations from the western United States, New Zealand, central Greece, and Japan indicate that present-day continental deformation is typically focused in narrow deforming zones whose extent is much smaller than the intervening largely inactive regions. However, these narrow zones are heterogeneously distributed, reflecting the inherent heterogeneity of continental lithospheric strength and internal buoyancy. Plate driving and resisting forces stress plate boundary zones and plate interiors and drive deformation. These forces change continuously and discontinuously, leading to continental deformation that typically evolves and migrates with time. Magmatic and tectonic processes alter lithospheric rheology and internal buoyancy and also contribute to the time-varying character of continental deformation.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Geology Review","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00206814","usgsCitation":"Thatcher, W., 2003, GPS constraints on the kinematics of continental deformation: International Geology Review, v. 45, no. 3, p. 191-212.","startPage":"191","endPage":"212","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234835,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a147be4b0c8380cd54a59","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thatcher, W.","contributorId":32669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thatcher","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70025940,"text":"70025940 - 2003 - Evidence of sexually dimorphic introgression in Pinaleno Mountain Apache trout","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:34","indexId":"70025940","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence of sexually dimorphic introgression in Pinaleno Mountain Apache trout","docAbstract":"The high-elevation headwater streams of the Pinaleno Mountains support small populations of threatened Apache trout Oncorhynchus apache that were stocked following the chemical removal of nonnative salmonids in the 1960s. A fisheries survey to assess population composition, growth, and size structure confirmed angler reports of infrequent occurrences of Oncorhynchus spp. exhibiting the external morphological characteristics of both Apache trout and rainbow trout O. mykiss. Nonlethal tissue samples were collected from 50 individuals in the headwaters of each stream. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequencing and amplification of nuclear microsatellite loci were used to determine the levels of genetic introgression by rainbow trout in Apache trout populations at these locations. Sexually dimorphic introgression from the spawning of male rainbow trout with female Apache trout was detected using mtDNA and microsatellites. Estimates of the degree of hybridization based on three microsatellite loci were 10-88%. The use of nonlethal DNA genetic analyses can supplement information obtained from standard survey methods and be useful in assessing the relative importance of small and sensitive populations with a history of nonnative introductions.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/1548-8675(2003)023<0172:EOSDII>2.0.CO;2","issn":"02755947","usgsCitation":"Porath, M., and Nielsen, J., 2003, Evidence of sexually dimorphic introgression in Pinaleno Mountain Apache trout: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 23, no. 1, p. 172-180, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(2003)023<0172:EOSDII>2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"172","endPage":"180","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478532,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(2003)023<0172:eosdii>2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":208815,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(2003)023<0172:EOSDII>2.0.CO;2"},{"id":234834,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0d6be4b0c8380cd52fe7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Porath, M.T.","contributorId":47555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Porath","given":"M.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nielsen, J.L.","contributorId":105665,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nielsen","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70026007,"text":"70026007 - 2003 - Home range and movements of boreal toads in undisturbed habitat","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-27T15:33:10.426138","indexId":"70026007","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1337,"text":"Copeia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Home range and movements of boreal toads in undisturbed habitat","docAbstract":"<p><span>I sampled&nbsp;</span>movements<span>&nbsp;and amount of area used by&nbsp;</span>boreal<span>&nbsp;</span>toads<span>&nbsp;(Bufo boreas) between June and October for 3 yr. Females were found farther from the breeding site than were males, and mean&nbsp;</span>home<span>&nbsp;ranges, as calculated by the adaptive kernel method, were four times larger for females than for males. Temperature and snow accumulation were comparable over the study, but data collection was hampered by mortality of animals caused by an outbreak of amphibian chytridiomycosis&nbsp;</span>in<span>&nbsp;yr 2. These data provide insight into use of&nbsp;</span>habitat<span>&nbsp;by&nbsp;</span>boreal<span>&nbsp;</span>toads<span>&nbsp;</span>in<span>&nbsp;</span>undisturbed<span>&nbsp;areas but may not be typical of a completely healthy population.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists","doi":"10.1643/0045-8511(2003)003[0160:HRAMOB]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00458511","usgsCitation":"Muths, E., 2003, Home range and movements of boreal toads in undisturbed habitat: Copeia, no. 1, p. 160-165, https://doi.org/10.1643/0045-8511(2003)003[0160:HRAMOB]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"160","endPage":"165","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":387471,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3200e4b0c8380cd5e438","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Muths, E.","contributorId":6394,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muths","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70025939,"text":"70025939 - 2003 - Estimating locations and magnitudes of earthquakes in eastern North America from Modified Mercalli intensities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-17T01:04:14.227684","indexId":"70025939","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating locations and magnitudes of earthquakes in eastern North America from Modified Mercalli intensities","docAbstract":"<p>We use 28 calibration events (3.7 &lt; or = M &lt; or = 7.3) from Texas to the Grand Banks, Newfoundland, to develop a Modified Mercalli intensity (MMI) model and associated site corrections for estimating source parameters of historical earthquakes in eastern North America. The model, MMI = 1.41 + 1.68 XM - 0.00345X Delta - 2.08log (Delta), where Delta is the distance in kilometers from the epicenter and M is moment magnitude, provides unbiased estimates of M and its uncertainty, and, if site corrections are used, of source location. The model can be used for the analysis of historical earthquakes with only a few MMI assignments. We use this model, MMI site corrections, and Bakun and Wentworth's (1997 technique to estimate M and the epicenter for three important historical earthquakes. The intensity magnitude M1 is 6.1 for the 18 November 1755 earthquake near Cape Ann, Massachusetts; 6.0 for the 5 January 1843 earthquake near Marked Tree, Arkansas; and 6.0 for the 31 October 1895 earthquake. The 1895 event probably occurred in southern Illinois, about 100 km north of the site of significant ground failure effects near Charleston, Missouri.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120020087","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Bakun, W.H., Johnston, A.C., and Hopper, M.G., 2003, Estimating locations and magnitudes of earthquakes in eastern North America from Modified Mercalli intensities: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 93, no. 1, p. 190-202, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120020087.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"190","endPage":"202","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":421926,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -101.77615017574712,\n              49.85969549130496\n            ],\n            [\n              -101.77615017574712,\n              28.17918988486774\n            ],\n            [\n              -66.61990017574733,\n              28.17918988486774\n            ],\n            [\n              -66.61990017574733,\n              49.85969549130496\n            ],\n            [\n              -101.77615017574712,\n              49.85969549130496\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"93","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0b28e4b0c8380cd525d3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bakun, W. H.","contributorId":67055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bakun","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnston, A. C.","contributorId":85574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnston","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hopper, M. G.","contributorId":39389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hopper","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70025938,"text":"70025938 - 2003 - Covariance of bacterioplankton composition and environmental variables in a temperate delta system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-15T23:33:21.564025","indexId":"70025938","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":870,"text":"Aquatic Microbial Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Covariance of bacterioplankton composition and environmental variables in a temperate delta system","docAbstract":"<p><span>We examined seasonal and spatial variation in bacterioplankton composition in the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta (CA) using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis. Cloned 16S rRNA genes from this system were used for putative identification of taxa dominating the T-RFLP profiles. Both cloning and T-RFLP analysis indicated that&nbsp;</span><i>Actinobacteria</i><span>,</span><i><span>&nbsp;</span>Verrucomicrobia</i><span>,</span><i><span>&nbsp;</span>Cytophaga-Flavobacterium<span>&nbsp;</span></i><span>and&nbsp;</span><i>Proteobacteria</i><span>&nbsp;were the most abundant bacterioplankton groups in the Delta. Despite the broad variety of sampled habitats (deep water channels, lakes, marshes, agricultural drains, freshwater and brackish areas), and the spatial and temporal differences in hydrology, temperature and water chemistry among the sampling campaigns, T-RFLP electropherograms from all samples were similar, indicating that the same bacterioplankton phylotypes dominated in the various habitats of the Delta throughout the year. However, principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least-squares regression (PLS) of T-RFLP profiles revealed consistent grouping of samples on a seasonal, but not a spatial, basis. b-</span><i>Proteobacteria</i><span>&nbsp;related to&nbsp;</span><i>Ralstonia</i><span>,&nbsp;</span><i>Actinobacteria</i><span>&nbsp;related to&nbsp;</span><i>Microthrix</i><span>, and b-</span><i>Proteobacteria</i><span>&nbsp;identical to the environmental Clone LD12 had the highest relative abundance in summer/fall T-RFLP profiles and were associated with low river flow, high pH, and a number of optical and chemical characteristics of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) indicative of an increased proportion of phytoplankton-produced organic material as opposed to allochthonous, terrestrially derived organic material. On the other hand,&nbsp;</span><i>Geobacter</i><span>-related b-</span><i>Proteobacteria</i><span>&nbsp;showed a relative increase in abundance in T-RFLP analysis during winter/spring, and probably were washed out from watershed soils or sediment. Various phylotypes associated with the same phylogenetic division, based on tentative identification of T-RFLP fragments, exhibited diverse seasonal patterns, suggesting that ecological roles of Delta bacterioplankton were partitioned at the genus or species level.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research Science Publisher","doi":"10.3354/ame031085","issn":"09483055","usgsCitation":"Stepanauskas, R., Moran, M., Bergamaschi, B., and Hollibaugh, J., 2003, Covariance of bacterioplankton composition and environmental variables in a temperate delta system: Aquatic Microbial Ecology, v. 31, no. 1, p. 85-98, https://doi.org/10.3354/ame031085.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"85","endPage":"98","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478479,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/ame031085","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":387208,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fc90e4b0c8380cd4e30d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stepanauskas, R.","contributorId":61937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stepanauskas","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moran, M.A.","contributorId":62385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moran","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bergamaschi, B.A. 0000-0002-9610-5581","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9610-5581","contributorId":22401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergamaschi","given":"B.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hollibaugh, J.T.","contributorId":22886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hollibaugh","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70025937,"text":"70025937 - 2003 - Identification of site frequencies from building records","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:24","indexId":"70025937","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1436,"text":"Earthquake Spectra","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Identification of site frequencies from building records","docAbstract":"A simple procedure to identify site frequencies using earthquake response records from roofs and basements of buildings is presented. For this purpose, data from five different buildings are analyzed using only spectral analyses techniques. Additional data such as free-field records in close proximity to the buildings and site characterization data are also used to estimate site frequencies and thereby to provide convincing evidence and confirmation of the site frequencies inferred from the building records. Furthermore, simple code-formula is used to calculate site frequencies and compare them with the identified site frequencies from records. Results show that the simple procedure is effective in identification of site frequencies and provides relatively reliable estimates of site frequencies when compared with other methods. Therefore the simple procedure for estimating site frequencies using earthquake records can be useful in adding to the database of site frequencies. Such databases can be used to better estimate site frequencies of those sites with similar geological structures.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earthquake Spectra","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1193/1.1542618","issn":"87552930","usgsCitation":"Çelebi, M., 2003, Identification of site frequencies from building records: Earthquake Spectra, v. 19, no. 1, p. 1-23, https://doi.org/10.1193/1.1542618.","startPage":"1","endPage":"23","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208776,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1542618"},{"id":234760,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a383be4b0c8380cd614bd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Çelebi, M.","contributorId":36946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Çelebi","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70025935,"text":"70025935 - 2003 - Bobjonesite, V4+ O (SO4) (H2O)3, a new mineral species from Temple Mountain, Emery County, Utah, U.S.A","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-31T17:03:13.302121","indexId":"70025935","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1177,"text":"Canadian Mineralogist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Bobjonesite, V<sup>4+</sup> O (SO<sub>4</sub>) (H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>3</sub>, a new mineral species from Temple Mountain, Emery County, Utah, U.S.A","title":"Bobjonesite, V4+ O (SO4) (H2O)3, a new mineral species from Temple Mountain, Emery County, Utah, U.S.A","docAbstract":"<div><div id=\"15286877\" class=\"article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section  \"><p>Bobjonesite, V<sup>4+</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>O (SO<sub>4</sub>) (H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>3</sub>, is a new mineral species from Temple Mountain, Emery County, Utah, U.S.A. It occurs as blue-green crusts and efflorescences in fractures in a fossil (Triassic) tree; individual crystals are &lt;&lt;1 mm and are intimately intergrown. Bobjonesite hydrates very easily, and is unstable in all but the driest atmosphere. Its structure was determined on a crystal of bobjonesite; however, the physical properties, optical properties and X-ray powder-diffraction pattern were recorded on the synthetic equivalent, and an electron-microprobe analysis was not possible. Bobjonesite has a pale blue streak, a vitreous luster and no observable fluorescence under ultraviolet light. It has no cleavage or parting. The Mohs hardness is ~1, and the calculated density is 2.28 g/cm<sup>3</sup>. Bobjonesite is biaxial positive, with α 1.555(2), β 1.561(1), γ 1.574(2), 2<i>V</i>(obs.) = 72(1)°, 2<i>V</i>(calc.) = 69°; it is non-pleochroic,<span>&nbsp;</span><i>X</i><span>&nbsp;</span>=<span>&nbsp;</span><i>b</i>,<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Y</i><span>&nbsp;</span>≈<span>&nbsp;</span><i>a</i>,<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Z</i><span>&nbsp;</span>∧<span>&nbsp;</span><i>c</i><span>&nbsp;</span>≈ 19° (in β obtuse). Bobjonesite is monoclinic, space group<span>&nbsp;</span><i>P</i>2<sub>1</sub>/<i>n</i>, cell dimensions from single-crystal data:<span>&nbsp;</span><i>a</i><span>&nbsp;</span>7.3940(5),<span>&nbsp;</span><i>b</i><span>&nbsp;</span>7.4111(3),<span>&nbsp;</span><i>c</i><span>&nbsp;</span>12.0597(9) Å, β 106.55(1)°,<span>&nbsp;</span><i>V</i><span>&nbsp;</span>633.5(1) Å<sup>3</sup>,<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Z</i><span>&nbsp;</span>= 4. The strongest seven lines in the X-ray powder-diffraction pattern [<i>d</i><span>&nbsp;</span>in Å(<i>I</i>)(<i>hkl</i>)] are as follows: 5.795(100)(002), 3.498(90)(112), 3.881(48)(1̅03), 5.408(37) (101), 4.571(20)(012), 6.962(11)(1̅01) and 6.254(11)(011). The chemical formula was derived from crystal-structure analysis; the end-member formula is V O (SO<sub>4</sub>) (H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>3</sub>. The crystal structure of bobjonesite was refined to an<span>&nbsp;</span><i>R</i><span>&nbsp;</span>index of 3.6% for 1105 observed (|<span>&nbsp;</span><i>F</i><sub>o</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>| &gt; 5&gt;<i>F</i>) reflections measured with an automated four-circle X-ray diffractometer using Mo<i>K</i>α X-radiation. There is one<span>&nbsp;</span><i>V</i><span>&nbsp;</span>site occupied by V<sup>4+</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>and surrounded by three O atoms and three (H<sub>2</sub>O) groups in an octahedral arrangement, with one short vanadyl bond (1.577 Å), four similar equatorial bonds (&lt;2.022 Å&gt;), and one longer V–O bond (2.278 Å)<span>&nbsp;</span><i>trans</i><span>&nbsp;</span>to the vanadyl bond. The structure consists of isolated [V<sup>4+</sup><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>O<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>6</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>] clusters linked by hydrogen bonds.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Mineralogical Association of Canada","doi":"10.2113/gscanmin.41.1.83","issn":"00084476","usgsCitation":"Schindler, M., Hawthorne, F.C., Huminicki, D.M., Haynes, P., Grice, J.D., and Evans, H.T., 2003, Bobjonesite, V4+ O (SO4) (H2O)3, a new mineral species from Temple Mountain, Emery County, Utah, U.S.A: Canadian Mineralogist, v. 41, no. 1, p. 83-90, https://doi.org/10.2113/gscanmin.41.1.83.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"83","endPage":"90","costCenters":[{"id":410,"text":"National Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234758,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","county":"Emery County","otherGeospatial":"Temple Mountain","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -110.67965984344482,\n              38.676598411460844\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.67888736724854,\n              38.67525826307041\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.67777156829833,\n              38.67639739080184\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.68021774291992,\n              38.67907761983558\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.67914485931396,\n              38.67874259669519\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.67820072174072,\n              38.67971415948182\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.67721366882324,\n              38.68145623903725\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.67631244659424,\n              38.68128873323038\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.67605495452881,\n              38.68239426431011\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.67541122436523,\n              38.6837342790855\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.67626953125,\n              38.685342263693364\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.67523956298828,\n              38.68561025761499\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.67455291748047,\n              38.68721820006628\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.67365169525146,\n              38.688491128880116\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.6738233566284,\n              38.68976403504683\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.67468166351318,\n              38.690601460963435\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.6773853302002,\n              38.691505869943285\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.68017482757568,\n              38.69244376347533\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.68236351013182,\n              38.691237898104184\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.68485260009766,\n              38.69110391180823\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.68661212921141,\n              38.68812265181564\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.68536758422852,\n              38.68718470163377\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.68536758422852,\n              38.68591174957702\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.68433761596678,\n              38.685476260779645\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.68296432495117,\n              38.68346627813786\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.68476676940918,\n              38.681355735600164\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.68356513977051,\n              38.67964715557514\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.67965984344482,\n              38.676598411460844\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"41","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f1f1e4b0c8380cd4aef9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schindler, Michael","contributorId":52767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schindler","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hawthorne, Frank C.","contributorId":47924,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hawthorne","given":"Frank","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Huminicki, Danielle M. C.","contributorId":92469,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huminicki","given":"Danielle","email":"","middleInitial":"M. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Haynes, Patrick","contributorId":85758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haynes","given":"Patrick","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Grice, Joel D.","contributorId":102210,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grice","given":"Joel","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Evans, Howard T. Jr.","contributorId":70852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"Howard","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70025934,"text":"70025934 - 2003 - Mobilization of radionuclides from uranium mill tailings and related waste materials in anaerobic environments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-16T09:27:34","indexId":"70025934","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2439,"text":"Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mobilization of radionuclides from uranium mill tailings and related waste materials in anaerobic environments","docAbstract":"Specific extraction studies in our laboratory have shown that iron and manganese oxide- and alkaline earth sulfate minerals are important hosts of radium in uranium mill tailings. Iron- and sulfate-reducing bacteria may enhance the release of radium (and its analog barium) from uranium mill tailings, oil field pipe scale [a major technologically enhanced naturally occurring radioactive material (TENORM) waste], and jarosite (a common mineral in sulfuric acid processed-tailings). These research findings are reviewed and discussed in the context of nuclear waste forms (such as barium sulfate matrices), radioactive waste management practices, and geochemical environments in the Earth's surficial and shallow subsurface regions.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1023/A:1022501003604","issn":"02365731","usgsCitation":"Landa, E.R., 2003, Mobilization of radionuclides from uranium mill tailings and related waste materials in anaerobic environments: Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, v. 255, no. 3, p. 559-563, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022501003604.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"559","endPage":"563","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234722,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208753,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1022501003604"}],"volume":"255","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5b99e4b0c8380cd6f691","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Landa, E. R.","contributorId":100002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landa","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70025931,"text":"70025931 - 2003 - Mapping vegetation in Yellowstone National Park using spectral feature analysis of AVIRIS data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-03T15:50:11","indexId":"70025931","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mapping vegetation in Yellowstone National Park using spectral feature analysis of AVIRIS data","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id15\" class=\"abstract author\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id16\"><p>Knowledge of the distribution of vegetation on the landscape can be used to investigate ecosystem functioning. The sizes and movements of animal populations can be linked to resources provided by different plant species. This paper demonstrates the application of imaging spectroscopy to the study of vegetation in Yellowstone National Park (Yellowstone) using spectral feature analysis of data from the Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS). AVIRIS data, acquired on August 7, 1996, were calibrated to surface reflectance using a radiative transfer model and field reflectance measurements of a ground calibration site. A spectral library of canopy reflectance signatures was created by averaging pixels of the calibrated AVIRIS data over areas of known forest and nonforest vegetation cover types in Yellowstone. Using continuum removal and least squares fitting algorithms in the US Geological Survey's Tetracorder expert system, the distributions of these vegetation types were determined by comparing the absorption features of vegetation in the spectral library with the spectra from the AVIRIS data. The 0.68 μm chlorophyll absorption feature and leaf water absorption features, centered near 0.98 and 1.20 μm, were analyzed. Nonforest cover types of sagebrush, grasslands, willows, sedges, and other wetland vegetation were mapped in the Lamar Valley of Yellowstone. Conifer cover types of lodgepole pine, whitebark pine, Douglas fir, and mixed Engelmann spruce/subalpine fir forests were spectrally discriminated and their distributions mapped in the AVIRIS images. In the Mount Washburn area of Yellowstone, a comparison of the AVIRIS map of forest cover types to a map derived from air photos resulted in an overall agreement of 74.1% (kappa statistic=0.62).</p></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elselvier","doi":"10.1016/S0034-4257(02)00133-5","issn":"00344257","usgsCitation":"Kokaly, R.F., Despain, D.G., Clark, R.N., and Livo, K., 2003, Mapping vegetation in Yellowstone National Park using spectral feature analysis of AVIRIS data: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 84, no. 3, p. 437-456, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0034-4257(02)00133-5.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"437","endPage":"456","numberOfPages":"20","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234685,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208726,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0034-4257(02)00133-5"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Yellowstone National Park","volume":"84","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5090e4b0c8380cd6b796","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kokaly, Raymond F. 0000-0003-0276-7101 raymond@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0276-7101","contributorId":150717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kokaly","given":"Raymond","email":"raymond@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":407142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Despain, Don G.","contributorId":31147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Despain","given":"Don","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":407141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clark, Roger N. 0000-0002-7021-1220 rclark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7021-1220","contributorId":515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Roger","email":"rclark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":407140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Livo, K. Eric 0000-0001-7331-8130","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7331-8130","contributorId":26338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Livo","given":"K. Eric","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70026039,"text":"70026039 - 2003 - Incidence of Mink, Mustela vison, and River Otter, Lutra canadensis, in a highly urbanized area","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-01T11:07:40.680344","indexId":"70026039","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1163,"text":"Canadian Field-Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Incidence of Mink, <i>Mustela vison</i>, and River Otter, <i>Lutra canadensis</i>, in a highly urbanized area","title":"Incidence of Mink, Mustela vison, and River Otter, Lutra canadensis, in a highly urbanized area","docAbstract":"Mink (Mustela vison) frequently inhabited or traversed a residential, business, and industrial part of the Twin Cities, Minnesota, with little water or natural vegetation. At least one River Otter (Lutra canadensis) also resided on a small pond on a golf course in the area for several winter months.","language":"English","publisher":"Ottawa Field-Naturalists' Club","issn":"00083550","usgsCitation":"Mech, L., 2003, Incidence of Mink, Mustela vison, and River Otter, Lutra canadensis, in a highly urbanized area: Canadian Field-Naturalist, v. 117, no. 1, p. 115-116.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"115","endPage":"116","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234657,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":401373,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.canadianfieldnaturalist.ca/index.php/cfn/about"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","city":"Minneapolis, St. Paul","otherGeospatial":"Twin Cities","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -93.55957031249999,\n              44.69599298172069\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.79327392578125,\n              44.69599298172069\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.79327392578125,\n              45.195586850206176\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.55957031249999,\n              45.195586850206176\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.55957031249999,\n              44.69599298172069\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"117","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a39d4e4b0c8380cd61a60","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mech, L. David","contributorId":66609,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mech","given":"L. David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70026040,"text":"70026040 - 2003 - Oxygen-18 concentrations in recent precipitation and ice cores on the Tibetan Plateau","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-18T23:54:43.079668","indexId":"70026040","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2316,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Oxygen-18 concentrations in recent precipitation and ice cores on the Tibetan Plateau","docAbstract":"<p><span class=\"paraNumber\"><span>&nbsp;</span></span><span>A detailed study of the climatic significance of δ</span><sup>18</sup><span>O in precipitation was completed on a 1500 km southwest-northeast transect of the Tibetan Plateau in central Asia. Precipitation samples were collected at four meteorological stations for up to 9 years. This study shows that the gradual impact of monsoon precipitation affects the spatial variation of δ</span><sup>18</sup><span>O-T relationship along the transect. Strong monsoon activity in the southern Tibetan Plateau results in high precipitation rates and more depleted heavy isotopes. This depletion mechanism is described as a precipitation “amount effect” and results in a poor δ</span><sup>18</sup><span>O-T relationship at both seasonal and annual scales. In the middle of the Tibetan Plateau, the effects of the monsoon are diminished but continue to cause a reduced correlation of δ</span><sup>18</sup><span>O and temperature at the annual scale. At the monthly scale, however, a significant δ</span><sup>18</sup><span>O-T relationship does exist. To the north of the Tibetan Plateau beyond the extent of the effects of monsoon precipitation, δ</span><sup>18</sup><span>O in precipitation shows a strong temperature dependence. δ</span><sup>18</sup><span>O records from two shallow ice cores and historic air temperature data were compared to verify the modern δ</span><sup>18</sup><span>O-T relationship. δ</span><sup>18</sup><span>O in Dunde ice core was positively correlated with air temperature from a nearby meteorological station in the north of the plateau. The δ</span><sup>18</sup><span>O variation in an ice core from the southern Plateau, however, was inversely correlated with precipitation amount at a nearby meteorological station and also the accumulation record in the ice core. The long-term variation of δ</span><sup>18</sup><span>O in the ice core record in the monsoon regions of the southern Tibetan Plateau suggest past monsoon seasons were probably more expansive. It is still unclear, however, how changes in large-scale atmosphere circulation might influence summer monsoon precipitation on the Tibetan Plateau.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2002jd002173","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Tian, L., Yao, T., Schuster, P., White, J., Ichiyanagi, K., Pendall, E., Pu, J., and Yu, W., 2003, Oxygen-18 concentrations in recent precipitation and ice cores on the Tibetan Plateau: Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres, v. 108, no. 9, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2002jd002173.","productDescription":"10 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478430,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2002jd002173","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":388133,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Tibetan Plateau","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              80.1123046875,\n              28.806173508854776\n            ],\n            [\n              85.7373046875,\n              26.27371402440643\n            ],\n            [\n              91.8896484375,\n              24.126701958681668\n            ],\n            [\n              96.5478515625,\n              26.15543796871355\n            ],\n            [\n              99.6240234375,\n              30.939924331023445\n            ],\n            [\n              99.7998046875,\n              32.879587173066305\n            ],\n            [\n              96.064453125,\n              32.36140331527543\n            ],\n            [\n              87.802734375,\n              29.80251790576445\n            ],\n            [\n              82.4853515625,\n              31.39115752282472\n            ],\n            [\n              79.8486328125,\n              29.6880527498568\n            ],\n            [\n              80.1123046875,\n              28.806173508854776\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"108","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-05-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a72bde4b0c8380cd76c90","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tian, L.","contributorId":86541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tian","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yao, T.","contributorId":67267,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yao","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schuster, P. F.","contributorId":30197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schuster","given":"P. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"White, J.W.C.","contributorId":43124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"J.W.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ichiyanagi, K.","contributorId":39562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ichiyanagi","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Pendall, Elise","contributorId":6637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pendall","given":"Elise","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Pu, J.","contributorId":52374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pu","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Yu, W.","contributorId":61613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yu","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70025930,"text":"70025930 - 2003 - The Mw 7.7 Bhuj earthquake: Global lessons for earthquake hazard in intra-plate regions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-09T15:52:21.137953","indexId":"70025930","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2546,"text":"Journal of the Geological Society of India","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Mw 7.7 Bhuj earthquake: Global lessons for earthquake hazard in intra-plate regions","docAbstract":"The Mw 7.7 Bhuj earthquake occurred in the Kachchh District of the State of Gujarat, India on 26 January 2001, and was one of the most damaging intraplate earthquakes ever recorded. This earthquake is in many ways similar to the three great New Madrid earthquakes that occurred in the central United States in 1811-1812, An Indo-US team is studying the similarities and differences of these sequences in order to learn lessons for earthquake hazard in intraplate regions. Herein we present some preliminary conclusions from that study. Both the Kutch and New Madrid regions have rift type geotectonic setting. In both regions the strain rates are of the order of 10-9/yr and attenuation of seismic waves as inferred from observations of intensity and liquefaction are low. These strain rates predict recurrence intervals for Bhuj or New Madrid sized earthquakes of several thousand years or more. In contrast, intervals estimated from paleoseismic studies and from other independent data are significantly shorter, probably hundreds of years. All these observations together may suggest that earthquakes relax high ambient stresses that are locally concentrated by rheologic heterogeneities, rather than loading by plate-tectonic forces. The latter model generally underlies basic assumptions made in earthquake hazard assessment, that the long-term average rate of energy released by earthquakes is determined by the tectonic loading rate, which thus implies an inherent average periodicity of earthquake occurrence. Interpreting the observations in terms of the former model therefore may require re-examining the basic assumptions of hazard assessment.","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of India","issn":"00167622","usgsCitation":"Schweig, E., Gomberg, J., Petersen, M.D., Ellis, M., Bodin, P., Mayrose, L., and Rastogi, B., 2003, The Mw 7.7 Bhuj earthquake: Global lessons for earthquake hazard in intra-plate regions: Journal of the Geological Society of India, v. 61, no. 3, p. 277-282.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"277","endPage":"282","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234684,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":402003,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.geosocindia.org/index.php/jgsi/article/view/83282"}],"country":"India","state":"Gujarat","county":"Kachchh District","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": 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]\n}","volume":"61","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba80ee4b08c986b3219ac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schweig, E.","contributorId":91203,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schweig","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gomberg, J.","contributorId":95994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gomberg","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Petersen, Mark D. 0000-0001-8542-3990 mpetersen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8542-3990","contributorId":1163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petersen","given":"Mark","email":"mpetersen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":407139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ellis, M.","contributorId":75672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellis","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bodin, P.","contributorId":29554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bodin","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mayrose, L.","contributorId":11484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mayrose","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Rastogi, B.K.","contributorId":23145,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rastogi","given":"B.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70025929,"text":"70025929 - 2003 - Multiple seismogenic processes for high-frequency earthquakes at Katmai National Park, Alaska: Evidence from stress tensor inversions of fault-plane solutions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-05T09:11:15","indexId":"70025929","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multiple seismogenic processes for high-frequency earthquakes at Katmai National Park, Alaska: Evidence from stress tensor inversions of fault-plane solutions","docAbstract":"<p><span>The volcanological significance of seismicity within Katmai National Park has been debated since the first seismograph was installed in 1963, in part because Katmai seismicity consists almost entirely of high-frequency earthquakes that can be caused by a wide range of processes. I investigate this issue by determining 140 well-constrained first-motion fault-plane solutions for shallow (depth &lt; 9 km) earthquakes occurring between 1995 and 2001 and inverting these solutions for the stress tensor in different regions within the park. Earthquakes removed by several kilometers from the volcanic axis occur in a stress field characterized by horizontally oriented σ</span><sub>1</sub><span>&nbsp;and σ</span><sub>3</sub><span>&nbsp;axes, with σ</span><sub>1</sub><span>&nbsp;rotated slightly (12°) relative to the NUVEL1A subduction vector, indicating that these earthquakes are occurring in response to regional tectonic forces. On the other hand, stress tensors for earthquake clusters beneath several Katmai cluster volcanoes have vertically oriented σ</span><sub>1</sub><span>&nbsp;axes, indicating that these events are occurring in response to local, not regional, processes. At Martin-Mageik, vertically oriented σ</span><sub>1</sub><span>&nbsp;is most consistent with failure under edifice loading conditions in conjunction with localized pore pressure increases associated with hydrothermal circulation cells. At Trident-Novarupta, it is consistent with a number of possible models, including occurrence along fractures formed during the 1912 eruption that now serve as horizontal conduits for migrating fluids and/or volatiles from nearby degassing and cooling magma bodies. At Mount Katmai, it is most consistent with continued seismicity along ring-fracture systems created in the 1912 eruption, perhaps enhanced by circulating hydrothermal fluids and/or seepage from the caldera-filling lake.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"GeoScienceWorld","doi":"10.1785/0120020113","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Moran, S.C., 2003, Multiple seismogenic processes for high-frequency earthquakes at Katmai National Park, Alaska: Evidence from stress tensor inversions of fault-plane solutions: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 93, no. 1, p. 94-108, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120020113.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"94","endPage":"108","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234649,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":364317,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/bssa/issue/93/1"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Katmai National Park","volume":"93","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6079e4b0c8380cd714a8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moran, Seth C. 0000-0001-7308-9649 smoran@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7308-9649","contributorId":548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moran","given":"Seth","email":"smoran@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":763671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70025926,"text":"70025926 - 2003 - An empirical model for earthquake probabilities in the San Francisco Bay region, California, 2002-2031","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-17T00:58:00.370015","indexId":"70025926","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An empirical model for earthquake probabilities in the San Francisco Bay region, California, 2002-2031","docAbstract":"<div id=\"12103441\" class=\"article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section  \" data-section-parent-id=\"0\"><p>The moment magnitude<span>&nbsp;</span><strong>M</strong><span>&nbsp;</span>7.8 earthquake in 1906 profoundly changed the rate of seismic activity over much of northern California. The low rate of seismic activity in the San Francisco Bay region (SFBR) since 1906, relative to that of the preceding 55 yr, is often explained as a<span>&nbsp;</span><i>stress-shadow</i><span>&nbsp;</span>effect of the 1906 earthquake. However, existing elastic and visco-elastic models of stress change fail to fully account for the duration of the lowered rate of earthquake activity. We use variations in the rate of earthquakes as a basis for a simple empirical model for estimating the probability of<span>&nbsp;</span><strong>M</strong><span>&nbsp;</span>≥6.7 earthquakes in the SFBR. The model preserves the relative magnitude distribution of sources predicted by the Working Group on California Earthquake Probabilities' (<a class=\"link link-ref xref-bibr\" data-modal-source-id=\"REF36\">WGCEP, 1999</a>;<span>&nbsp;</span><a class=\"link link-ref xref-bibr\" data-modal-source-id=\"REF37\">WGCEP, 2002</a>) model of characterized ruptures on SFBR faults and is consistent with the occurrence of the four<span>&nbsp;</span><strong>M</strong><span>&nbsp;</span>≥6.7 earthquakes in the region since 1838. When the empirical model is extrapolated 30 yr forward from 2002, it gives a probability of 0.42 for one or more<span>&nbsp;</span><strong>M</strong><span>&nbsp;</span>≥6.7 in the SFBR. This result is lower than the probability of 0.5 estimated by WGCEP (<a class=\"link link-ref xref-bibr\" data-modal-source-id=\"REF34\">1988</a>), lower than the 30-yr Poisson probability of 0.60 obtained by WGCEP (<a class=\"link link-ref xref-bibr\" data-modal-source-id=\"REF36\">1999</a>) and WGCEP (<a class=\"link link-ref xref-bibr\" data-modal-source-id=\"REF37\">2002</a>), and lower than the 30-yr time-dependent probabilities of 0.67, 0.70, and 0.63 obtained by WGCEP (<a class=\"link link-ref xref-bibr\" data-modal-source-id=\"REF35\">1990</a>), WGCEP (<a class=\"link link-ref xref-bibr\" data-modal-source-id=\"REF36\">1999</a>), and WGCEP (<a class=\"link link-ref xref-bibr\" data-modal-source-id=\"REF37\">2002</a>), respectively, for the occurrence of one or more large earthquakes. This lower probability is consistent with the lack of adequate accounting for the 1906 stress-shadow in these earlier reports. The empirical model represents one possible approach toward accounting for the stress-shadow effect of the 1906 earthquake. However, the discrepancy between our result and those obtained with other modeling methods underscores the fact that the physics controlling the timing of earthquakes is not well understood. Hence, we advise against using the empirical model alone (or any other single probability model) for estimating the earthquake hazard and endorse the use of all credible earthquake probability models for the region, including the empirical model, with appropriate weighting, as was done in WGCEP (<a class=\"link link-ref xref-bibr\" data-modal-source-id=\"REF37\">2002</a>).</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120020014","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Reasenberg, P., Hanks, T.C., and Bakun, W.H., 2003, An empirical model for earthquake probabilities in the San Francisco Bay region, California, 2002-2031: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 93, no. 1, p. 1-13, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120020014.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"13","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234612,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay region","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -123.5100832532152,\n              38.61405233189544\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.5100832532152,\n              37.19245747594486\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.44465356571513,\n              37.19245747594486\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.44465356571513,\n              38.61405233189544\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.5100832532152,\n              38.61405233189544\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"93","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ea37e4b0c8380cd486f2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reasenberg, P.A.","contributorId":19959,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reasenberg","given":"P.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hanks, Thomas C.","contributorId":35763,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanks","given":"Thomas","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bakun, W. H.","contributorId":67055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bakun","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70025925,"text":"70025925 - 2003 - Using regression methods to estimate stream phosphorus loads at the Illinois River, Arkansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-08T17:25:41.134531","indexId":"70025925","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":833,"text":"Applied Engineering in Agriculture","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using regression methods to estimate stream phosphorus loads at the Illinois River, Arkansas","docAbstract":"The development of total maximum daily loads (TMDLs) requires evaluating existing constituent loads in streams. Accurate estimates of constituent loads are needed to calibrate watershed and reservoir models for TMDL development. The best approach to estimate constituent loads is high frequency sampling, particularly during storm events, and mass integration of constituents passing a point in a stream. Most often, resources are limited and discrete water quality samples are collected on fixed intervals and sometimes supplemented with directed sampling during storm events. When resources are limited, mass integration is not an accurate means to determine constituent loads and other load estimation techniques such as regression models are used. The objective of this work was to determine a minimum number of water-quality samples needed to provide constituent concentration data adequate to estimate constituent loads at a large stream. Twenty sets of water quality samples with and without supplemental storm samples were randomly selected at various fixed intervals from a database at the Illinois River, northwest Arkansas. The random sets were used to estimate total phosphorus (TP) loads using regression models. The regression-based annual TP loads were compared to the integrated annual TP load estimated using all the data. At a minimum, monthly sampling plus supplemental storm samples (six samples per year) was needed to produce a root mean square error of less than 15%. Water quality samples should be collected at least semi-monthly (every 15 days) in studies less than two years if seasonal time factors are to be used in the regression models. Annual TP loads estimated from independently collected discrete water quality samples further demonstrated the utility of using regression models to estimate annual TP loads in this stream system.","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers","doi":"10.13031/2013.13110","issn":"08838542","usgsCitation":"Haggard, B., Soerens, T.S., Green, W.R., and Richards, R.P., 2003, Using regression methods to estimate stream phosphorus loads at the Illinois River, Arkansas: Applied Engineering in Agriculture, v. 19, no. 2, p. 187-194, https://doi.org/10.13031/2013.13110.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"187","endPage":"194","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234578,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas","otherGeospatial":"Illinois River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      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E.","contributorId":69755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haggard","given":"B. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Soerens, T. S.","contributorId":53573,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soerens","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Green, W. R.","contributorId":68354,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Richards, R. P.","contributorId":60792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richards","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70025924,"text":"70025924 - 2003 - Biostratigraphy and structure of paleozoic host rocks and their relationship to Carlin-type gold deposits in the Jerritt Canyon mining district, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:24","indexId":"70025924","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Biostratigraphy and structure of paleozoic host rocks and their relationship to Carlin-type gold deposits in the Jerritt Canyon mining district, Nevada","docAbstract":"The Jerritt Canyon mining district in the northern Independence Range, northern Nevada, contains multiple, nearly horizontal, thrust masses of platform carbonate rocks that are exposed in a series of north- to northeast-elongated, tectonic windows through rocks of the Roberts Mountains allochthon. The Roberts Mountains allochthon was emplaced during the Late Devonian to Early Mississippian Antler orogeny. These thrust masses contain structurally and stratigraphically controlled Carlin-type gold deposits. The gold deposits are hosted in tectonically truncated units of the Silurian to Devonian Hanson Creek and Roberts Mountains Formations that lie within structural slices of an Eastern assemblage of Cambrian to Devonian carbonate rocks. In addition, these multiply thrust-faulted and folded host rocks are structurally interleaved with Mississippian siliciclastic rocks and are overlain structurally by Cambrian to Devonian siliciclastic units of the Roberts Mountains allochthon. All sedimentary rocks were involved in thrusting, high-angle faulting, and folding, and some of these events indicate substantial late Paleozoic and/or Mesozoic regional shortening. Early Pennsylvanian and late Eocene dikes also intrude the sedimentary rocks. These rocks all were uplifted into a northeast-trending range by subsequent late Cenozoic Basin and Range faulting. Eocene sedimentary and volcanic rocks flank part of the range. Pathways of hydrothermal fluid flow and locations of Carlin-type gold orebodies in the Jerritt Canyon mining district were controlled by structural and host-rock geometries within specific lithologies of the stacked thrust masses of Eastern assemblage rocks. The gold deposits are most common proximal to intersections of northeast-striking faults, northwest-striking dikes, and thrust planes that lie adjacent to permeable stratigraphic horizons. The host stratigraphic units include carbonate sequences that contained primary intercrystalline permeability, which provided initial pathways for fluid flow and later served as precipitation sites for ore minerals. Alteration, during, and perhaps prior to mineralization, enhanced primary permeability by dissolution, by removal of calcite, and by formation of dolomite. Ore-stage sulfide minerals and alteration minerals commonly precipitated in pore spaces among dolomite grains. Microveinlets and microbrecciation in zones of intense alteration also provided networks of secondary permeability that further enhanced fluid flux and produced additional sites for ore deposition.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Economic Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Peters, S.G., Armstrong, A.K., Harris, A., Oscarson, R., and Noble, P., 2003, Biostratigraphy and structure of paleozoic host rocks and their relationship to Carlin-type gold deposits in the Jerritt Canyon mining district, Nevada: Economic Geology, v. 98, no. 2, p. 317-337.","startPage":"317","endPage":"337","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234577,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"98","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f19ce4b0c8380cd4ad32","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peters, S. G.","contributorId":48198,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peters","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Armstrong, A. K.","contributorId":83161,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Armstrong","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harris, A. G.","contributorId":39791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"A. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Oscarson, R.L.","contributorId":55452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oscarson","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Noble, P.J.","contributorId":15385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noble","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70025921,"text":"70025921 - 2003 - A finite-volume ELLAM for three-dimensional solute-transport modeling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-19T10:35:17","indexId":"70025921","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A finite-volume ELLAM for three-dimensional solute-transport modeling","docAbstract":"A three-dimensional finite-volume ELLAM method has been developed, tested, and successfully implemented as part of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) MODFLOW-2000 ground water modeling package. It is included as a solver option for the Ground Water Transport process. The FVELLAM uses space-time finite volumes oriented along the streamlines of the flow field to solve an integral form of the solute-transport equation, thus combining local and global mass conservation with the advantages of Eulerian-Lagrangian characteristic methods. The USGS FVELLAM code simulates solute transport in flowing ground water for a single dissolved solute constituent and represents the processes of advective transport, hydrodynamic dispersion, mixing from fluid sources, retardation, and decay. Implicit time discretization of the dispersive and source/sink terms is combined with a Lagrangian treatment of advection, in which forward tracking moves mass to the new time level, distributing mass among destination cells using approximate indicator functions. This allows the use of large transport time increments (large Courant numbers) with accurate results, even for advection-dominated systems (large Peclet numbers). Four test cases, including comparisons with analytical solutions and benchmarking against other numerical codes, are presented that indicate that the FVELLAM can usually yield excellent results, even if relatively few transport time steps are used, although the quality of the results is problem-dependent.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2003.tb02589.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Russell, T., Heberton, C., Konikow, L.F., and Hornberger, G., 2003, A finite-volume ELLAM for three-dimensional solute-transport modeling: Ground Water, v. 41, no. 2, p. 258-272, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2003.tb02589.x.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"258","endPage":"272","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234509,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208635,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2003.tb02589.x"}],"volume":"41","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e3dae4b0c8380cd46266","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Russell, T.F.","contributorId":86811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Russell","given":"T.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Heberton, C.I.","contributorId":77966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heberton","given":"C.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Konikow, Leonard F. 0000-0002-0940-3856 lkonikow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0940-3856","contributorId":158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Konikow","given":"Leonard","email":"lkonikow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":407093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hornberger, G.Z.","contributorId":71582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hornberger","given":"G.Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70025920,"text":"70025920 - 2003 - The effect of Holocene temperature fluctuations on the evolution and ecology of Neotoma (woodrats) in Idaho and northwestern Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:24","indexId":"70025920","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3218,"text":"Quaternary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The effect of Holocene temperature fluctuations on the evolution and ecology of Neotoma (woodrats) in Idaho and northwestern Utah","docAbstract":"Animals respond to climatic change by adapting or by altering distributional patterns. How an animal responds is influenced by where it is positioned within its geographic range; the probability of extirpation is increased near range boundaries. Here, we examine the impact of Holocene climatic fluctuations on a small mammalian herbivore, the bushy-tailed woodrat (Neotoma cinerea), at five locations within south central Idaho and northwestern Utah. Previous work demonstrated that woodrats adapt to temperature shifts by altering body size. We focus here on the relationship between body mass, temperature, and location within the geographic range. Body mass is estimated by measuring fossil fecal pellets, a technique validated in earlier work. Overall, we find the predicted phenotypic response to climate change: Animals were larger during cold periods, and smaller during warmer episodes. However, we also identify several time periods when changes in environmental temperature exceeded the adaptive flexibility of N. cinerea. A smaller-bodied species, the desert woodrat (N. lepida) apparently invaded lower elevation sites during the mid-Holocene, despite being behaviorally and physically subordinate to N. cinerea. Analysis of contemporary patterns of body size and thermal tolerances for both woodrat species suggests this was because of the greater heat tolerance of N. lepida. The robust spatial relationship between contemporary body size and ambient temperature is used as a proxy to reconstruct local climate during the Holocene. ?? 2003 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0033-5894(03)00004-8","issn":"00335894","usgsCitation":"Smith, F., and Betancourt, J., 2003, The effect of Holocene temperature fluctuations on the evolution and ecology of Neotoma (woodrats) in Idaho and northwestern Utah: Quaternary Research, v. 59, no. 2, p. 160-171, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0033-5894(03)00004-8.","startPage":"160","endPage":"171","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208634,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0033-5894(03)00004-8"},{"id":234508,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"59","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bab10e4b08c986b322bbb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, F.A.","contributorId":11373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"F.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Betancourt, J.L. 0000-0002-7165-0743","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7165-0743","contributorId":87505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Betancourt","given":"J.L.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":407092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70025919,"text":"70025919 - 2003 - Diagnostic tools for mixing models of stream water chemistry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T12:55:51","indexId":"70025919","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Diagnostic tools for mixing models of stream water chemistry","docAbstract":"<p><span>Mixing models provide a useful null hypothesis against which to evaluate processes controlling stream water chemical data. Because conservative mixing of end‐members with constant concentration is a linear process, a number of simple mathematical and multivariate statistical methods can be applied to this problem. Although mixing models have been most typically used in the context of mixing soil and groundwater end‐members, an extension of the mathematics of mixing models is presented that assesses the “fit” of a multivariate data set to a lower dimensional mixing subspace without the need for explicitly identified end‐members. Diagnostic tools are developed to determine the approximate rank of the data set and to assess lack of fit of the data. This permits identification of processes that violate the assumptions of the mixing model and can suggest the dominant processes controlling stream water chemical variation. These same diagnostic tools can be used to assess the fit of the chemistry of one site into the mixing subspace of a different site, thereby permitting an assessment of the consistency of controlling end‐members across sites. This technique is applied to a number of sites at the Panola Mountain Research Watershed located near Atlanta, Georgia.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2002WR001528","usgsCitation":"Hooper, R.P., 2003, Diagnostic tools for mixing models of stream water chemistry: Water Resources Research, v. 39, no. 3, p. 2-1-2-13, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002WR001528.","productDescription":"Article 1055; 13 p.","startPage":"2-1","endPage":"2-13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235052,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-03-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a00a3e4b0c8380cd4f82a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hooper, Richard P.","contributorId":19144,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hooper","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70025916,"text":"70025916 - 2003 - Estimation of ground motion for Bhuj (26 January 2001; Mw 7.6) and for future earthquakes in India","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-17T01:06:43.659731","indexId":"70025916","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimation of ground motion for Bhuj (26 January 2001; Mw 7.6) and for future earthquakes in India","docAbstract":"<div id=\"12110152\" class=\"article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section  \" data-section-parent-id=\"0\"><p>Only five moderate and large earthquakes (<i>M</i><sub>w</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>≥5.7) in India—three in the Indian shield region and two in the Himalayan arc region—have given rise to multiple strong ground-motion recordings. Near-source data are available for only two of these events. The Bhuj earthquake (<i>M</i><sub>w</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>7.6), which occurred in the shield region, gave rise to useful recordings at distances exceeding 550 km. Because of the scarcity of the data, we use the stochastic method to estimate ground motions. We assume that (1)<span>&nbsp;</span><i>S</i><span>&nbsp;</span>waves dominate at<span>&nbsp;</span><i>R</i><span>&nbsp;</span>&lt; 100 km and<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Lg</i><span>&nbsp;</span>waves at<span>&nbsp;</span><i>R</i><span>&nbsp;</span>≥ 100 km, (2)<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Q</i><span>&nbsp;</span>= 508<i>f</i><sup>0.48</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>is valid for the Indian shield as well as the Himalayan arc region, (3) the effective duration is given by fc<sup>-1</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>+ 0.05R, where<span>&nbsp;</span><i>fc</i><span>&nbsp;</span>is the corner frequency, and<span>&nbsp;</span><i>R</i><span>&nbsp;</span>is the hypocentral distance in kilometer, and (4) the acceleration spectra are sharply cut off beyond 35 Hz. We use two finite-source stochastic models. One is an approximate model that reduces to the<span>&nbsp;</span><i>ω</i><sup>2</sup>-source model at distances greater that about twice the source dimension. This model has the advantage that the ground motion is controlled by the familiar stress parameter, Δ<i>σ</i>. In the other finite-source model, which is more reliable for near-source ground-motion estimation, the high-frequency radiation is controlled by the strength factor,<span>&nbsp;</span><i>sfact</i>, a quantity that is physically related to the maximum slip rate on the fault. We estimate Δ<i>σ</i><span>&nbsp;</span>needed to fit the observed Amax and Vmax data of each earthquake (which are mostly in the far field). The corresponding<span>&nbsp;</span><i>sfact</i><span>&nbsp;</span>is obtained by requiring that the predicted curves from the two models match each other in the far field up to a distance of about 500 km. The results show: (1) The Δ<i>σ</i><span>&nbsp;</span>that explains Amax data for shield events may be a function of depth, increasing from ∼50 bars at 10 km to ∼400 bars at 36 km. The corresponding<span>&nbsp;</span><i>sfact</i><span>&nbsp;</span>values range from 1.0-2.0. The Δ<i>σ</i><span>&nbsp;</span>values for the two Himalayan arc events are 75 and 150 bars (<i>sfact</i><span>&nbsp;</span>= 1.0 and 1.4). (2) The Δ<i>σ</i><span>&nbsp;</span>required to explain Vmax data is, roughly, half the corresponding value for Amax, while the same<span>&nbsp;</span><i>sfact</i><span>&nbsp;</span>explains both sets of data. (3) The available far-field Amax and Vmax data for the Bhuj mainshock are well explained by Δ<i>σ</i><span>&nbsp;</span>= 200 and 100 bars, respectively, or, equivalently, by<span>&nbsp;</span><i>sfact</i><span>&nbsp;</span>= 1.4. The predicted Amax and Vmax in the epicentral region of this earthquake are 0.80 to 0.95<span>&nbsp;</span><i>g</i><span>&nbsp;</span>and 40 to 55 cm/sec, respectively.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120020102","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Singh, S., Bansal, B., Bhattacharya, S., Pacheco, J., Dattatrayam, R., Ordaz, M., Suresh, G., Kamal, and Hough, S., 2003, Estimation of ground motion for Bhuj (26 January 2001; Mw 7.6) and for future earthquakes in India: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 93, no. 1, p. 353-370, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120020102.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"353","endPage":"370","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235014,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"India","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[77.83745,35.49401],[78.91227,34.32194],[78.81109,33.5062],[79.20889,32.99439],[79.17613,32.48378],[78.45845,32.61816],[78.73889,31.51591],[79.72137,30.88271],[81.11126,30.18348],[80.47672,29.72987],[80.08842,28.79447],[81.0572,28.4161],[81.99999,27.92548],[83.30425,27.36451],[84.67502,27.2349],[85.25178,26.7262],[86.02439,26.63098],[87.22747,26.3979],[88.06024,26.41462],[88.1748,26.81041],[88.04313,27.44582],[88.12044,27.87654],[88.73033,28.08686],[88.81425,27.29932],[88.83564,27.09897],[89.74453,26.7194],[90.37327,26.87572],[91.21751,26.80865],[92.03348,26.83831],[92.10371,27.45261],[91.69666,27.77174],[92.50312,27.89688],[93.41335,28.64063],[94.56599,29.27744],[95.4048,29.03172],[96.11768,29.4528],[96.58659,28.83098],[96.24883,28.41103],[97.32711,28.26158],[97.40256,27.88254],[97.05199,27.69906],[97.134,27.08377],[96.41937,27.26459],[95.12477,26.57357],[95.15515,26.00131],[94.60325,25.1625],[94.55266,24.67524],[94.10674,23.85074],[93.32519,24.07856],[93.28633,23.04366],[93.06029,22.70311],[93.16613,22.27846],[92.67272,22.04124],[92.14603,23.6275],[91.86993,23.62435],[91.70648,22.98526],[91.15896,23.50353],[91.46773,24.07264],[91.91509,24.13041],[92.3762,24.97669],[91.7996,25.14743],[90.87221,25.1326],[89.92069,25.26975],[89.83248,25.96508],[89.35509,26.01441],[88.56305,26.44653],[88.20979,25.76807],[88.93155,25.23869],[88.30637,24.86608],[88.08442,24.50166],[88.69994,24.23371],[88.52977,23.63114],[88.87631,22.87915],[89.03196,22.05571],[88.88877,21.69059],[88.2085,21.70317],[86.9757,21.49556],[87.03317,20.74331],[86.49935,20.15164],[85.06027,19.47858],[83.94101,18.30201],[83.18922,17.67122],[82.19279,17.01664],[82.19124,16.55666],[81.69272,16.31022],[80.792,15.95197],[80.3249,15.89918],[80.02507,15.13641],[80.23327,13.83577],[80.28629,13.00626],[79.86255,12.05622],[79.858,10.35728],[79.34051,10.30885],[78.88535,9.54614],[79.18972,9.21654],[78.27794,8.93305],[77.94117,8.25296],[77.5399,7.96553],[76.59298,8.89928],[76.13006,10.29963],[75.74647,11.30825],[75.3961,11.78125],[74.86482,12.74194],[74.61672,13.99258],[74.44386,14.61722],[73.5342,15.99065],[73.11991,17.92857],[72.82091,19.20823],[72.82448,20.4195],[72.63053,21.35601],[71.17527,20.75744],[70.47046,20.87733],[69.16413,22.0893],[69.64493,22.45077],[69.3496,22.84318],[68.17665,23.69197],[68.8426,24.35913],[71.04324,24.35652],[70.8447,25.2151],[70.28287,25.72223],[70.16893,26.49187],[69.51439,26.94097],[70.6165,27.9892],[71.77767,27.91318],[72.82375,28.96159],[73.45064,29.97641],[74.42138,30.97981],[74.40593,31.69264],[75.25864,32.27111],[74.45156,32.7649],[74.10429,33.44147],[73.74995,34.3177],[74.2402,34.74889],[75.75706,34.50492],[76.87172,34.65354],[77.83745,35.49401]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"India\"}}]}","volume":"93","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0b8de4b0c8380cd5278a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Singh, S.K.","contributorId":104234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Singh","given":"S.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bansal, B.K.","contributorId":51511,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bansal","given":"B.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bhattacharya, S.N.","contributorId":68081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bhattacharya","given":"S.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pacheco, J.F.","contributorId":25330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pacheco","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dattatrayam, R.S.","contributorId":71739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dattatrayam","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ordaz, M.","contributorId":88541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ordaz","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Suresh, G.","contributorId":88924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Suresh","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Kamal","contributorId":127945,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Kamal","id":535152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Hough, S. E. 0000-0002-5980-2986","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5980-2986","contributorId":7316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hough","given":"S. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70026042,"text":"70026042 - 2003 - Observing earthquakes triggered in the near field by dynamic deformations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-05T08:51:21","indexId":"70026042","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Observing earthquakes triggered in the near field by dynamic deformations","docAbstract":"<p>We examine the hypothesis that dynamic deformations associated with seismic waves trigger earthquakes in many tectonic environments. Our analysis focuses on seismicity at close range (within the aftershock zone), complementing published studies of long-range triggering. Our results suggest that dynamic triggering is not confined to remote distances or to geothermal and volcanic regions. Long unilaterally propagating ruptures may focus radiated dynamic deformations in the propagation direction. Therefore, we expect seismicity triggered dynamically by a directive rupture to occur asymmetrically, with a majority of triggered earthquakes in the direction of rupture propagation. Bilaterally propagating ruptures also may be directive, and we propose simple criteria for assessing their directivity. We compare the inferred rupture direction and observed seismicity rate change following 15 earthquakes (M 5.7 to M 8.1) that occurred in California and Idaho in the United States, the Gulf of Aqaba, Syria, Guatemala, China, New Guinea, Turkey, Japan, Mexico, and Antarctica. Nine of these mainshocks had clearly directive, unilateral ruptures. Of these nine, seven apparently induced an asymmetric increase in seismicity rate that correlates with the rupture direction. The two exceptions include an earthquake preceded by a comparable-magnitude event on a conjugate fault and another for which data limitations prohibited conclusive results. Similar (but weaker) correlations were found for the bilaterally rupturing earthquakes we studied. Although the static stress change also may trigger seismicity, it and the seismicity it triggers are expected to be similarly asymmetric only if the final slip is skewed toward the rupture terminus. For several of the directive earthquakes, we suggest that the seismicity rate change correlates better with the dynamic stress field than the static stress change.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"GeoScienceWorld","doi":"10.1785/0120020075","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Gomberg, J.S., Bodin, P., and Reasenberg, P., 2003, Observing earthquakes triggered in the near field by dynamic deformations: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 93, no. 1, p. 118-138, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120020075.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"118","endPage":"138","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234727,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"93","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6afbe4b0c8380cd7445d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gomberg, Joan S. 0000-0002-0134-2606 gomberg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0134-2606","contributorId":1269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gomberg","given":"Joan","email":"gomberg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":763670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bodin, P.","contributorId":29554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bodin","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reasenberg, P.A.","contributorId":19959,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reasenberg","given":"P.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70025915,"text":"70025915 - 2003 - Slightly thermal springs and non-thermal springs at Mount Shasta, California: Chemistry and recharge elevations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:33","indexId":"70025915","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Slightly thermal springs and non-thermal springs at Mount Shasta, California: Chemistry and recharge elevations","docAbstract":"Temperature measurements, isotopic contents, and dissolved constituents are presented for springs at Mount Shasta to understand slightly thermal springs in the Shasta Valley based on the characteristics of non-thermal springs. Non-thermal springs on Mount Shasta are generally cooler than mean annual air temperatures for their elevation. The specific conductance of non-thermal springs increases linearly with discharge temperature. Springs at higher and intermediate elevations on Mount Shasta have fairly limited circulation paths, whereas low-elevation springs have longer paths because of their higher-elevation recharge. Springs in the Shasta Valley are warmer than air temperatures for their elevation and contain significant amounts of chloride and sulfate, constituents often associated with volcanic hydrothermal systems. Data for the Shasta Valley springs generally define mixing trends for dissolved constituents and temperature. The isotopic composition of the Shasta Valley springs indicates that water fell as precipitation at a higher elevation than any of the non-thermal springs. It is possible that the Shasta Valley springs include a component of the outflow from a proposed 210??C hydrothermal system that boils to supply steam for the summit acid-sulfate spring. In order to categorize springs such as those in the Shasta Valley, we introduce the term slightly thermal springs for springs that do not meet the numerical criterion of 10??C above air temperature for thermal springs but have temperatures greater than non-thermal springs in the area and usually also have dissolved constituents normally found in thermal waters. ?? 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0377-0273(02)00426-2","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Nathenson, M., Thompson, J., and White, L.D., 2003, Slightly thermal springs and non-thermal springs at Mount Shasta, California: Chemistry and recharge elevations: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 121, no. 1-2, p. 137-153, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-0273(02)00426-2.","startPage":"137","endPage":"153","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487508,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0377-0273(02)00426-2","text":"External Repository"},{"id":208895,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0377-0273(02)00426-2"},{"id":234980,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"121","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9142e4b08c986b3197e9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nathenson, M.","contributorId":46632,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nathenson","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thompson, J. M.","contributorId":77142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"J. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"White, L. D.","contributorId":14330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
]}