No abstract available.
No abstract available.
Habitat selection and use are measures of relative importance of habitats to wildlife and necessary information for effective wildlife conservation. To measure the relative importance of flooded agricultural fields and other landscapes to northern pintails (Anas acuta) wintering in Tulare Basin (TB), California, we radiotagged female pintails during late August-early October, 1991-1993 in TB and other San Joaquin Valley areas and determined use and selection of these TB landscapes through March each year. Availability of landscape and field types in TB changed within and among years. Pintail use and selection (based upon use-to-availability log ratios) of landscape and field types differed among seasons, years, and diel periods. Fields flooded after harvest and before planting (i.e., pre-irrigated) were the most available, used, and selected landscape type before the hunting season (Prehunt). Safflower was the most available, used, and-except in 1993, when pre-irrigated fallow was available-selected pre-irrigated field type during Prehunt. Pre-irrigated barley-wheat received 19-22% of use before hunting season, but selection varied greatly among years and diel periods. During and after hunting season, managed marsh was the most available, used, and, along with floodwater areas, selected landscape type; pre-irrigated cotton and alfalfa were the least selected field types and accounted for <13% of pintail use. Agricultural drainwater evaporation ponds, sewage treatment ponds, and reservoirs accounted for 42-48% of flooded landscape available but were little used and least selected. Exodus of pintails from TB coincided with drying of pre-irrigated fallow, safflower, and barley-wheat fields early in winter, indicating that preferred habitats were lacking in TB during late winter. Agriculture conservation programs could improve TB for pintails by increasing flooding of fallow and harvested safflower and grain fields. Conservation of remaining wetlands should concentrate on increasing the amount and productivity of marsh that is shallow-flooded as pre-irrigated grain fields dry. If pin- tails were provided with adequate preferred field and marsh habitats, including hunt-day sanctuaries, contaminant risks associated with exposure to drainwater evaporation ponds probably should remain low for these waterfowl even if their abundance in TB increased.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","usgsCitation":"Fleskes, J.P., Jarvis, R.L., and Gilmer, D.S., 2003, Selection of flooded agricultural fields and other landscapes by female northern pintails wintering in Tulare Basin, California: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 31, no. 3, p. 793-803.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"793","endPage":"803","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131441,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":340478,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/3784602"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Tulare Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.1519775390625,\n 37.21720611325497\n ],\n [\n -120.41564941406251,\n 37.21283151445594\n ],\n [\n -120.77270507812499,\n 37.12090636165327\n ],\n [\n -120.97595214843749,\n 36.9367208722872\n ],\n [\n -120.98693847656249,\n 36.6640126988417\n ],\n [\n -120.75622558593749,\n 36.30627216957992\n ],\n [\n -120.60791015625,\n 36.01356058518153\n ],\n [\n -119.89929199218749,\n 35.22767235493586\n ],\n [\n -119.5477294921875,\n 34.9805024453652\n ],\n [\n -119.036865234375,\n 34.93548199355901\n ],\n [\n -118.78967285156249,\n 35.007502842952896\n ],\n [\n -118.56994628906249,\n 35.24113278166642\n ],\n [\n -118.641357421875,\n 35.61711648382185\n ],\n [\n -118.63037109375,\n 35.964669147704086\n ],\n [\n -118.7347412109375,\n 36.26199220445664\n ],\n [\n -118.77319335937499,\n 36.49638952000399\n ],\n [\n -118.905029296875,\n 36.6992553955527\n ],\n [\n -119.15771484375,\n 36.92793899776678\n ],\n [\n -119.4049072265625,\n 37.09462150015557\n ],\n [\n -119.52575683593749,\n 37.18657859524883\n ],\n [\n -119.8883056640625,\n 37.21283151445594\n ],\n [\n -120.1519775390625,\n 37.21720611325497\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"31","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a00e4b07f02db5f7dde","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fleskes, Joseph P. 0000-0001-5388-6675 joe_fleskes@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5388-6675","contributorId":1889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleskes","given":"Joseph","email":"joe_fleskes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":317135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jarvis, Robert L.","contributorId":112518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jarvis","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gilmer, David S.","contributorId":59508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilmer","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1008309,"text":"1008309 - 2003 - Effects of increased soil nitrogen on the dominance of alien annual plants in the Mojave Desert","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-28T14:40:09","indexId":"1008309","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2163,"text":"Journal of Applied Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of increased soil nitrogen on the dominance of alien annual plants in the Mojave Desert","docAbstract":"1. Deserts are one of the least invaded ecosystems by plants, possibly due to naturally low levels of soil nitrogen. Increased levels of soil nitrogen caused by atmospheric nitrogen deposition may increase the dominance of invasive alien plants and decrease the diversity of plant communities in desert regions, as it has in other ecosystems. Deserts should be particularly susceptible to even small increases in soil nitrogen levels because the ratio of increased nitrogen to plant biomass is higher compared with most other ecosystems.
2. The hypothesis that increased soil nitrogen will lead to increased dominance by alien plants and decreased plant species diversity was tested in field experiments using nitrogen additions at three sites in the in the Mojave Desert of western North America.
3. Responses of alien and native annual plants to soil nitrogen additions were measured in terms of density, biomass and species richness. Effects of nitrogen additions were evaluated during 2 years of contrasting rainfall and annual plant productivity. The rate of nitrogen addition was similar to published rates of atmospheric nitrogen deposition in urban areas adjacent to the Mojave Desert (3·2 g N m−2 year−1). The dominant alien species included the grasses Bromus madritensis ssp. rubens and Schismus spp. (S. arabicus and S. barbatus) and the forb Erodium cicutarium.
4. Soil nitrogen addition increased the density and biomass of alien annual plants during both years, but decreased density, biomass and species richness of native species only during the year of highest annual plant productivity. The negative response of natives may have been due to increased competitive stress for soil water and other nutrients caused by the increased productivity of aliens.
5. The effects of nitrogen additions were significant at both ends of a natural nutrient gradient, beneath creosote bush Larrea tridentata canopies and in the interspaces between them, although responses varied among individual alien species. The positive effects of nitrogen addition were highest in the beneath-canopy for B. rubens and in interspaces for Schismus spp. and E. cicutarium.
6. The results indicated that increased levels of soil nitrogen from atmospheric nitrogen deposition or from other sources could increase the dominance of alien annual plants and possibly promote the invasion of new species in desert regions. Increased dominance by alien annuals may decrease the diversity of native annual plants, and increased biomass of alien annual grasses may also increase the frequency of fire.
7. Although nitrogen deposition cannot be controlled by local land managers, the managers need to understand its potential effects on plant communities and ecosystem properties, in particular how these effects may interact with land-use activities that can be managed at the local scale. These interactions are currently unknown, and hinder the ability of managers to make appropriate land-use decisions related to nitrogen deposition in desert ecosystems.
8. Synthesis and applications. The effects of nitrogen deposition on invasive alien plants should be considered when deciding where to locate new conservation areas, and in evaluating the full scope of ecological effects of new projects that would increase nitrogen deposition rates.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1046/j.1365-2664.2003.00789.x","usgsCitation":"Brooks, M.L., 2003, Effects of increased soil nitrogen on the dominance of alien annual plants in the Mojave Desert: Journal of Applied Ecology, v. 40, no. 2, p. 344-353, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2664.2003.00789.x.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"344","endPage":"353","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478541,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2664.2003.00789.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":130988,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-04-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db611e06","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brooks, Matthew L. 0000-0002-3518-6787 mlbrooks@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3518-6787","contributorId":393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"Matthew","email":"mlbrooks@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":317337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1008373,"text":"1008373 - 2003 - Long term productivity of canvasbacks (Aythya valisineria) in a snowpack-driven desert marsh","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-19T15:39:16","indexId":"1008373","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Long term productivity of canvasbacks (Aythya valisineria) in a snowpack-driven desert marsh","docAbstract":"Ruby Lake, Nevada, is a large palustrine wetland that hosts the southern-most major breeding population of Canvasbacks (Aythya valisineria). That arid marsh, fed by springs derived from mountain snowpack, differs in climate and hydrology from glaciated potholes of the northern prairies where most Canvasbacks breed. Fourteen years of nesting data on Canvasbacks over a 31 year period (1970–2000) were analyzed to determine factors affecting breeding performance at Ruby Lake and whether they differed from those in the prairies. Long-term Mayfield nest success at Ruby Lake (50% of all nests) was in the range of that in the northern prairies (21–65%). Of all Canvasback nests, 73% were parasitized (mostly by Redheads [Aythya americana]) as compared to 83–97% in a large Manitoba marsh and 57–65% in Manitoba potholes. However, as in the northern prairies, nest parasitism generally had little or no effect on either nest success or percentage of host eggs that hatched. In Manitoba potholes, nest success was unrelated to habitat variables measured; but successful nests at Ruby Lake were over shallower water, farther from shore, in wider bands of emergent vegetation, and surrounded by lower stem densities than unsuccessful nests. Water level is the key factor in breeding performance of Canvasbacks at both Ruby Lake and the northern prairies; however, the source of water differs (mountain snowpack at Ruby Lake, direct precipitation in the prairies) and effects of water-level variations are reversed. In small prairie potholes (mostly <0.4 ha) with many mammalian predators, productivity of Canvasbacks (which build floating nests) is increased by high water that floods the emergent fringe. At Ruby Lake, a very large marsh (2,830 ha) with mostly avian predators, Canvasback productivity is decreased by high water that floods interior emergent stands too deeply. Water level at Ruby Lake was highly correlated (multiple R2 = 0.91) with mountain snowpack up to three years earlier, emphasizing the strong effect of climatic variations on wetland birds in that arid region.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1642/0004-8038(2003)120[0107:LPOCAV]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Kruse, K.L., Lovvorn, J.R., Takekawa, J.Y., and Mackay, J., 2003, Long term productivity of canvasbacks (Aythya valisineria) in a snowpack-driven desert marsh: The Auk, v. 120, no. 1, p. 107-119, https://doi.org/10.1642/0004-8038(2003)120[0107:LPOCAV]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"107","endPage":"119","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130854,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"120","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6de4b07f02db63ecd9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kruse, Kammie L.","contributorId":174967,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kruse","given":"Kammie","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lovvorn, James R.","contributorId":167714,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lovvorn","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":13212,"text":"Southern Illinois University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":317563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Takekawa, John Y. 0000-0003-0217-5907 john_takekawa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0217-5907","contributorId":176168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takekawa","given":"John","email":"john_takekawa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":317565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mackay, Jeffrey","contributorId":26577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mackay","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":1015084,"text":"1015084 - 2003 - Responses of Englemann spruce forests to nitrogen fertilization in the Colorado Rocky Mountains","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-21T17:24:10","indexId":"1015084","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Responses of Englemann spruce forests to nitrogen fertilization in the Colorado Rocky Mountains","docAbstract":"Two old-growth coniferous forests in Colorado with differing initial soil conditions responded differently to four years of low-level fertilization with ammonium nitrate. The site (Fraser) with an average initial organic horizon soil C:N ratio of 36 and nitrogen (N) pool of 605 kg/ha showed no significant increase in net N mineralization rates. At the Fraser site, foliar and organic horizon soil percentage N increased significantly. In contrast, N mineralization rates and inorganic soil N increased significantly at the site (Loch Vale) with greater soil N (C:N of 24, N pool of 991 kg/ha), while foliar N and soil percentage N in the organic layer did not change. We predict continued fertilization at Fraser will narrow the soil C:N ratio to a point where increases in biogeochemical N cycling and fluxes will be detected. Additional N inputs to the site with already low soil C:N ratios will enhance N mineralization rates and leaching losses. The coniferous forests at Fraser and Loch Vale are similar in species composition, stand age, substrate, aspect, and climate. The differences in soil conditions strong enough to cause contrasting responses to fertilization could be due to differences in atmospheric N deposition. Regardless of the reason, the size of the organic soil N pool and C:N ratio of mature coniferous forests in Colorado controls the responsiveness of N pools and fluxes to fertilization, and even low levels of fertilization are sufficient to initiate measurable biogeochemical changes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1890/1051-0761(2003)013[0664:ROESFT]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Rueth, H., Baron, J., and Allstott, E., 2003, Responses of Englemann spruce forests to nitrogen fertilization in the Colorado Rocky Mountains: Ecological Applications, v. 13, no. 3, p. 664-673, https://doi.org/10.1890/1051-0761(2003)013[0664:ROESFT]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"664","endPage":"673","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129972,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","volume":"13","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ee4b07f02db62793c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rueth, H.M.","contributorId":103611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rueth","given":"H.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baron, Jill 0000-0002-5902-6251 jill_baron@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5902-6251","contributorId":194124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baron","given":"Jill","email":"jill_baron@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":322098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Allstott, E.J.","contributorId":25102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allstott","given":"E.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1015086,"text":"1015086 - 2003 - Science for avian conservation: Priorities for the new millennium","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-09T15:25:22","indexId":"1015086","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Science for avian conservation: Priorities for the new millennium","docAbstract":"Over the past decade, bird conservation activities have become the preeminent natural resource conservation effort in North America. Maturation of the North American Waterfowl Management Plan (NAWMP), establishment of Partners in Flight (PIF), and creation of comprehensive colonial waterbird and shorebird conservation plans have stimulated unprecedented interest in, and funding for, bird conservation in the United States, Canada, Mexico, and other countries in the western hemisphere. Key to that success in the United States has been active collaboration among federal, state and local governments, conservation organizations, academia, and industry. The U.S. Department of the Interior (DOI), which has primary statutory responsibility for migratory bird conservation and management, has been a key partner.
Despite the great strides that have been made in bird conservation science, historical approaches to research and monitoring have often failed to provide sufficient information and understanding to effectively manage bird populations at large spatial scales. That shortcoming, and the lack of an integrated strategy and comprehensive set of research priorities, is more evident in light of the goals established by the North American Bird Conservation Initiative (NABCI). The NABCI is a trinational, coalition-driven effort to provide an organizational umbrella for existing conservation initiatives. The expanded focus of NABCI and individual bird conservation initiatives is to work together in an integrated, holistic fashion to keep common birds common and to increase populations of declining, threatened, and endangered species.
To assist bird conservation initiatives in defining goals and developing new approaches to effective research, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the research agency of DOI, convened a workshop, “Science for Avian Conservation: Understanding, Modeling, and Applying Ecological Relationships,” on 31 October–2 November 2000, which brought together 51 scientists from USGS, as well as scientists and conservationists from other agencies and organizations actively participating in NABCI. As the lead federal agency involved in bird conservation research, USGS has a clear legislative mandate to provide scientific information upon which future management plans and actions will be built.
This article summarizes key issues and recommendations that arose from that workshop. The principal goal of the workshop was to guide USGS in defining its role, assessing capabilities, and directing future agency planning in support of bird conservation. A major component was to identify key areas of research needed in this new era of bird conservation science. Although tailored to the mission of USGS, workshop recommendations visualize a bold direction for future avian conservation science in which research and monitoring work in tandem with management to increase our understanding of avian populations and the processes that affect them. The USGS is a science agency whose role is to provide objective scientific information to management agencies and therefore is not directly involved in high-level resource policy-making or on-the-ground management decision making. Nevertheless, it is important to note that effective policy decision making must integrate the best available science with political and economic realities to achieve successful avian conservation—an important subject acknowledged in the workshop, but largely beyond its scope of discussion. Williams (2003) questions regarding how scientific information can be effectively communicated to decision makers and incorporated into natural resource policy. Without an aggressive vision and the willingness of researchers, managers, and policy makers to implement it, conservation of North American birds is likely to proceed without the full benefit of scientific investigation. These recommendations represent the principal conclusions drawn by workshop participants and do not necessarily reflect official USGS policy.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1642/0004-8038(2003)120[0204:SFACPF]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Ruth, J.M., Petit, D.R., Sauer, J., Samuel, M., Johnson, F., Fornwall, M., Korschgen, C.E., and Bennett, J.P., 2003, Science for avian conservation: Priorities for the new millennium: The Auk, v. 120, no. 1, p. 204-211, https://doi.org/10.1642/0004-8038(2003)120[0204:SFACPF]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"204","endPage":"211","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478426,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"http://www.bioone.org/doi/10.1642/0004-8038%282003%29120%5B0204%3ASFACPF%5D2.0.CO%3B2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":133396,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"120","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0de4b07f02db5fd380","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ruth, J. M.","contributorId":74339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruth","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Petit, D. R.","contributorId":97865,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Petit","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sauer, J.R. 0000-0002-4557-3019","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4557-3019","contributorId":66197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauer","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Samuel, M.D.","contributorId":13910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Samuel","given":"M.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Johnson, Fred A.","contributorId":93863,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Fred A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Fornwall, M.D.","contributorId":76699,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fornwall","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Korschgen, C. E.","contributorId":9197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Korschgen","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Bennett, J. P.","contributorId":52103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70025454,"text":"70025454 - 2003 - Power-law tail probabilities of drainage areas in river basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:25","indexId":"70025454","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3063,"text":"Physical Review E - Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Power-law tail probabilities of drainage areas in river basins","docAbstract":"The significance of power-law tail probabilities of drainage areas in river basins was discussed. The convergence to a power law was not observed for all underlying distributions, but for a large class of statistical distributions with specific limiting properties. The article also discussed about the scaling properties of topologic and geometric network properties in river basins.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Physical Review E - Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"1063651X","usgsCitation":"Veitzer, S., Troutman, B., and Gupta, V., 2003, Power-law tail probabilities of drainage areas in river basins: Physical Review E - Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics, v. 68, no. 1 2, p. 161231-161239.","startPage":"161231","endPage":"161239","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235747,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"68","issue":"1 2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a80a5e4b0c8380cd7b10a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Veitzer, S.A.","contributorId":68931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Veitzer","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Troutman, B.M.","contributorId":73638,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Troutman","given":"B.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gupta, V.K.","contributorId":35516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gupta","given":"V.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70025295,"text":"70025295 - 2003 - Modeling aqueous ferrous iron chemistry at low temperatures with application to Mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:29","indexId":"70025295","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling aqueous ferrous iron chemistry at low temperatures with application to Mars","docAbstract":"Major uncertainties exist with respect to the aqueous geochemical evolution of the Martian surface. Considering the prevailing cryogenic climates and the abundance of salts and iron minerals on Mars, any attempt at comprehensive modeling of Martian aqueous chemistry should include iron chemistry and be valid at low temperatures and high solution concentrations. The objectives of this paper were to (1) estimate ferrous iron Pitzer-equation parameters and iron mineral solubility products at low temperatures (from < 0 ??C to 25 ??C), (2) incorporate these parameters and solubility products into the FREZCHEM model, and (3) use the model to simulate the surficial aqueous geochemical evolution of Mars. Ferrous iron Pitzer-equation parameters were derived in this work or taken from the literature. Six new iron minerals [FeCl2??4H2O, FeCl2??6H2O, FeSO4??H2O, FeSO4??7H2O, FeCO3, and Fe(OH)3] were added to the FREZCHEM model bringing the total solid phases to 56. Agreement between model predictions and experimental data are fair to excellent for the ferrous systems: Fe-Cl, Fe-SO4, Fe-HCO3, H-Fe-Cl, and H-Fe-SO4. We quantified a conceptual model for the aqueous geochemical evolution of the Martian surface. The five stages of the conceptual model are: (1) carbonic acid weathering of primary ferromagnesian minerals to form an initial magnesium-iron-bicarbonate-rich solution; (2) evaporation and precipitation of carbonates, including siderite (FeCO3), with evolution of the brine to a concentrated NaCl solution; (3) ferrous/ferric iron oxidation; (4) either evaporation or freezing of the brine to dryness; and (5) surface acidification. What began as a dilute Mg-Fe-HCO3 dominated leachate representing ferromagnesian weathering evolved into an Earth-like seawater composition dominated by NaCl, and finally into a hypersaline Mg-Na-SO4-Cl brine. Weathering appears to have taken place initially under conditions that allowed solution of ferrous iron [low O2(g)], but later caused oxidation of iron [high O2(g)]. Surface acidification and/or sediment burial can account for the minor amounts of Martian surface carbonates. This model rests on a large number of assumptions and is therefore speculative. Nevertheless, the model is consistent with current understanding concerning surficial salts and minerals based on Martian meteorites, Mars lander data, and remotely-sensed spectral analyses. ?? 2003 Elsevier Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0016-7037(03)00372-7","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Marion, G., Catling, D., and Kargel, J., 2003, Modeling aqueous ferrous iron chemistry at low temperatures with application to Mars: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 67, no. 22, p. 4251-4266, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(03)00372-7.","startPage":"4251","endPage":"4266","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209358,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(03)00372-7"},{"id":235694,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"67","issue":"22","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5bdee4b0c8380cd6f872","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marion, G.M.","contributorId":44691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marion","given":"G.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Catling, D.C.","contributorId":78135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Catling","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kargel, J.S.","contributorId":88096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kargel","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1015076,"text":"1015076 - 2003 - Homerange and movements of boreal toads in undisturbed habitats","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-12T21:36:54","indexId":"1015076","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1337,"text":"Copeia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Homerange and movements of boreal toads in undisturbed habitats","docAbstract":"Comparison is made of the population of ospreys in Cape May County, N.J., in the late 1930's with that in 1963, and with a population of these birds at Tilghman Island, Maryland. Production of young per nest in the 1930's compares favorably with the production of young in the populations examined in 1963. It is suggested, based on historical evidence, that a decline in the numbers of these birds has been going on for some time. Acceleration of this decline in New Jersey is more obvious in the years covered by this paper.","language":"English","publisher":"The American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists","doi":"10.1643/0045-8511(2003)003[0160:HRAMOB]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Muths, E., 2003, Homerange and movements of boreal toads in undisturbed habitats: Copeia, v. 2003, no. 1, p. 160-165, https://doi.org/10.1643/0045-8511(2003)003[0160:HRAMOB]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"160","endPage":"165","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129823,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2003","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db688231","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Muths, E.","contributorId":6394,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muths","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1008348,"text":"1008348 - 2003 - Evolution of CAM and C4 carbon-concentrating mechanisms","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-28T14:30:06","indexId":"1008348","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2065,"text":"International Journal of Plant Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evolution of CAM and C4 carbon-concentrating mechanisms","docAbstract":"Mechanisms for concentrating carbon around the Rubisco enzyme, which drives the carbon-reducing steps in photosynthesis, are widespread in plants; in vascular plants they are known as crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) and C4 photosynthesis. CAM is common in desert succulents, tropical epiphytes, and aquatic plants and is characterized by nighttime fixation of CO2. The proximal selective factor driving the evolution of this CO2-concentrating pathway is low daytime CO2, which results from the unusual reverse stomatal behavior of terrestrial CAM species or from patterns of ambient CO2 availability for aquatic CAM species. In terrestrials the ultimate selective factor is water stress that has selected for increased water use efficiency. In aquatics the ultimate selective factor is diel fluctuations in CO2 availability for palustrine species and extreme oligotrophic conditions for lacustrine species. C4 photosynthesis is based on similar biochemistry but carboxylation steps are spatially separated in the leaf rather than temporally as in CAM. This biochemical pathway is most commonly associated with a specialized leaf anatomy known as Kranz anatomy; however, there are exceptions. The ultimate selective factor driving the evolution of this pathway is excessively high photorespiration that inhibits normal C3 photosynthesis under high light and high temperature in both terrestrial and aquatic habitats. CAM is an ancient pathway that likely has been present since the Paleozoic era in aquatic species from shallow-water palustrine habitats. While atmospheric CO2 levels have undoubtedly affected the evolution of terrestrial plant carbon-concentrating mechanisms, there is reason to believe that past atmospheric changes have not played as important a selective role in the aquatic milieu since palustrine habitats today are not generally carbon sinks, and the selective factors driving aquatic CAM are autogenic. Terrestrial CAM, in contrast, is of increasing selective value under extreme water deficits, and undoubtedly, high Mesozoic CO2 levels reduced the amount of landscape perceived by plants as water limited. Late Tertiary and Quaternary reductions in atmospheric CO2, coupled with increasing seasonality, were probably times of substantial species radiation and ecological expansion for CAM plants. C4 photosynthesis occurs in only about half as many families as CAM, and three-fourths of C4 species are either grasses or sedges. Molecular phylogenies indicate C4 is a more recent innovation than CAM and that it originated in the mid-Tertiary, 20–30 Ma, although some data support an earlier origin. While the timing of the origin of C4 remains controversial, the nearly explosive increase in C4 species is clearly documented in the late Miocene, 4–7 Ma. Increasing seasonality has been widely suggested as an important climatic stimulus for this C4 expansion. Alternatively, based on models of photosynthetic quantum yield at different temperatures and CO2 concentration, it has been hypothesized that the late Miocene C4 expansion resulted from declining atmospheric CO2 levels. This model is most appropriate for explaining the transition from C3 grasslands to C4 grasslands but by itself may not be sufficient to explain the more likely scenario of a late Miocene transition from C3 woodland/ savanna to C4 grasslands. A largely unexplored hypothesis is that climatic changes in late Miocene altered disturbance regimes, in particular the incidence of fires, which today are often associated with maintenance of C4 grasslands. Oceanic charcoal sediments that appear to represent Aeolian deposits from continental wildfires follow a strikingly similar pattern of explosive increase in late Miocene. Climate, CO2, and disturbance are not mutually exclusive explanations and probably all acted in concert to promote the expansion of C4 grasslands. More recently, late Quaternary changes in CO2 may have been responsible for driving major changes in the landscape distribution of C4 species. The theory is sound; however, many of the studies cited in support of this model are open to alternative interpretations, and none has eliminated climatic factors as important selective agents. CAM and C4 evolution required coupling of biochemical pathways with structural changes in photosynthetic tissues, succulence in CAM and Kranz in C4. This was apparently accomplished by piecemeal evolution beginning with mechanisms for recapturing respiratory CO2, although this need not have been so in aquatic CAM species. It has been proposed that the extreme rarity of both pathways in the same plant results from biochemical and structural incompatibilities (Sage 2002). Equally important is the fact that the selective environments are quite different, with CAM evolution thriving on stressful sites inhospitable to C3 species whereas C4 evolution has selected for rapid growth capable of outcompeting associated C3 plants.
","language":"English","publisher":"University of Chicago Press","doi":"10.1086/374192","usgsCitation":"Keeley, J.E., and Rundel, P.W., 2003, Evolution of CAM and C4 carbon-concentrating mechanisms: International Journal of Plant Sciences, v. 164, no. 3, p. 555-577, https://doi.org/10.1086/374192.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"555","endPage":"577","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132593,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"164","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f98f1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keeley, Jon E. 0000-0002-4564-6521 jon_keeley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4564-6521","contributorId":1268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeley","given":"Jon","email":"jon_keeley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":317468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rundel, Philip W.","contributorId":107552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rundel","given":"Philip","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70025441,"text":"70025441 - 2003 - Toxicity evaluation with the microtox® test to assess the impact of in situ oiled shoreline treatment options: natural attenuation and sediment relocation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-07T11:34:27","indexId":"70025441","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3466,"text":"Spill Science and Technology Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Toxicity evaluation with the microtox® test to assess the impact of in situ oiled shoreline treatment options: natural attenuation and sediment relocation","docAbstract":"Changes in the toxicity levels of beach sediment, nearshore water, and bottom sediment samples were monitored with the Microtox® Test to evaluate the two in situ oil spill treatment options of natural attenuation (natural recovery––no treatment) and sediment relocation (surf washing). During a series of field trials, IF-30 fuel oil was intentionally sprayed onto the surface of three mixed sediment (pebble and sand) beaches on the island of Spitsbergen, Svalbard, Norway (78°56′ N, 16°45′ E). At a low wave-energy site (Site 1 with a 3-km wind fetch), where oil was stranded within the zone of normal wave action, residual oil concentrations and beach sediment toxicity levels were significantly reduced by both options in less than five days. At Site 3, a higher wave-energy site with a 40-km wind fetch, oil was intentionally stranded on the beach face in the upper intertidal/supratidal zones, above the level of normal wave activity. At this site under these experimental conditions, sediment relocation was effective in accelerating the removal of the oil from the sediments and reducing the Microtox® Test toxicity response to background levels. In the untreated (natural attenuation) plot at this site, the fraction of residual oil remaining within the beach sediments after one year (70%) continued to generate a toxic response. Chemical and toxicological analyses of nearshore sediment and sediment-trap samples at both sites confirmed that oil and suspended mineral fines were effectively dispersed into the surrounding environment by the in situ treatments. In terms of secondary potential detrimental effects from the release of stranded oil from the beaches, the toxicity level (Microtox® Test) of adjacent nearshore sediment samples did not exceed the Canadian regulatory limit for dredged spoils destined for ocean disposal.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S1353-2561(03)00039-2","issn":"13532561","usgsCitation":"Lee, K., Wohlgeschaffen, G., Tremblay, G.H., Johnson, B., Sergy, G.A., Prince, R.C., Guenette, C.C., and Owens, E.H., 2003, Toxicity evaluation with the microtox® test to assess the impact of in situ oiled shoreline treatment options: natural attenuation and sediment relocation: Spill Science and Technology Bulletin, v. 8, no. 3, p. 273-284, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1353-2561(03)00039-2.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"273","endPage":"284","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236157,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209560,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1353-2561(03)00039-2"}],"volume":"8","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb5d7e4b08c986b326920","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, Kenneth","contributorId":61064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Kenneth","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wohlgeschaffen, Gary","contributorId":78137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wohlgeschaffen","given":"Gary","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tremblay, Gilles H.","contributorId":92852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tremblay","given":"Gilles","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johnson, B. Thomas","contributorId":105101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"B. Thomas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sergy, Gary A.","contributorId":36733,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sergy","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Prince, Roger C.","contributorId":73391,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prince","given":"Roger","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Guenette, Chantal C.","contributorId":46750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guenette","given":"Chantal","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Owens, Edward H.","contributorId":78138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Owens","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70025330,"text":"70025330 - 2003 - Remote sensing of rainfall for debris-flow hazard assessment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:58","indexId":"70025330","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Remote sensing of rainfall for debris-flow hazard assessment","docAbstract":"Recent advances in remote sensing of rainfall provide more detailed temporal and spatial data on rainfall distribution. Four case studies of abundant debris flows over relatively small areas triggered during intense rainstorms are examined noting the potential for using remotely sensed rainfall data for landslide hazard analysis. Three examples with rainfall estimates from National Weather Service Doppler radar and one example with rainfall estimates from infrared imagery from a National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration satellite are compared with ground-based measurements of rainfall and with landslide distribution. The advantages and limitations of using remote sensing of rainfall for landslide hazard analysis are discussed. ?? 2003 Millpress,.","largerWorkTitle":"International Conference on Debris-Flow Hazards Mitigation: Mechanics, Prediction, and Assessment, Proceedings","conferenceTitle":"3rd International Conference on Debris-Flow Hazards Mitigation: Mechanics, Prediction, and Assessment","conferenceDate":"10 September 2003 through 12 September 2003","conferenceLocation":"Davos","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Wieczorek, G.F., Coe, J.A., and Godt, J., 2003, Remote sensing of rainfall for debris-flow hazard assessment, in International Conference on Debris-Flow Hazards Mitigation: Mechanics, Prediction, and Assessment, Proceedings, v. 2, Davos, 10 September 2003 through 12 September 2003, p. 1257-1268.","startPage":"1257","endPage":"1268","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236224,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa703e4b0c8380cd85195","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Rickenmann D.Chen C.L.","contributorId":128322,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Rickenmann D.Chen C.L.","id":536556,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Wieczorek, G. F.","contributorId":50143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wieczorek","given":"G.","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coe, J. A.","contributorId":8867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coe","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Godt, J. W.","contributorId":76732,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Godt","given":"J. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70025531,"text":"70025531 - 2003 - Tectonic controls on the genesis of ignimbrites from the Campanian Volcanic Zone, southern Italy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:25","indexId":"70025531","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2751,"text":"Mineralogy and Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tectonic controls on the genesis of ignimbrites from the Campanian Volcanic Zone, southern Italy","docAbstract":"The Campanian Plain is an 80 x 30 km region of southern Italy, bordered by the Apennine Chain, that has experienced subsidence during the Quaternary. This region, volcanologically active in the last 600 ka, has been identified as the Campanian Volcanic Zone (CVZ). The products of three periods of trachytic ignimbrite volcanism (289-246 ka, 157 ka and 106 ka) have been identified in the Apennine area in the last 300 ka. These deposits probably represent distal ash flow units of ignimbrite eruptions which occurred throughout the CVZ. The resulting deposits are interstratified with marine sediments indicating that periods of repeated volcano-tectonic emergence and subsidence may have occurred in the past. The eruption, defined as the Campanian Ignimbrite (CI), with the largest volume (310 km3), occurred in the CVZ 39 ka ago. The products of the CI eruption consist of two units (unit-1 and unit-2) formed from a single compositionally zoned magma body. Slightly different in composition, three trachytic melts constitute the two units. Unit-1 type A is an acid trachyte, type B is a trachyte and type C of unit-2 is a mafic trachyte. The CI, vented from pre-existing neotectonic faults, formed during the Apennine uplift, Initially the venting of volatile-rich type A magma deposited the products to the N-NE of the CVZ. During the eruption, the Acerra graben already affected by a NE-SW fault system, was transected by E-W faults, forming a cross-graben that extended to the gulf of Naples. E-W faults were then further dislocated by NE-SW transcurrent movements. This additional collapse significantly influenced the deposition of the B-type magma of unit-1, and the C-type magma of unit-2 toward the E-SE and S, in the Bay of Naples. The pumice fall deposit underlying the CI deposits, until now thought to be associated with the CI eruption, is not a strict transition from plinian to CI-forming activity. It is derived instead from an independent source probably located near the Naples area. This initial volcanic activity is assumed to be a precursor to the CI trachytic eruptions, which vented along regional faults.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mineralogy and Petrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00710-003-0014-4","issn":"09300708","usgsCitation":"Rolandi, G., Bellucci, F., Heizler, M., Belkin, H., and de Vivo, B., 2003, Tectonic controls on the genesis of ignimbrites from the Campanian Volcanic Zone, southern Italy: Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 79, no. 1-2, p. 3-31, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00710-003-0014-4.","startPage":"3","endPage":"31","numberOfPages":"29","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209397,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00710-003-0014-4"},{"id":235793,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"79","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba459e4b08c986b320297","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rolandi, G.","contributorId":76472,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rolandi","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bellucci, F.","contributorId":47956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bellucci","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Heizler, M.T.","contributorId":94799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heizler","given":"M.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Belkin, H. E. 0000-0001-7879-6529","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7879-6529","contributorId":38160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belkin","given":"H. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"de Vivo, B.","contributorId":50549,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"de Vivo","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70025421,"text":"70025421 - 2003 - Regional carbon dynamics in monsoon Asia and its implications for the global carbon cycle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:30","indexId":"70025421","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Regional carbon dynamics in monsoon Asia and its implications for the global carbon cycle","docAbstract":"Data on three major determinants of the carbon storage in terrestrial ecosystems are used with the process-based Terrestrial Ecosystem Model (TEM) to simulate the combined effect of climate variability, increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration, and cropland establishment and abandonment on the exchange of CO2 between the atmosphere and monsoon Asian ecosystems. During 1860-1990, modeled results suggest that monsoon Asia as a whole released 29.0 Pg C, which represents 50% of the global carbon release for this period. Carbon release varied across three subregions: East Asia (4.3 Pg C), South Asia (6.6 Pg C), and Southeast Asia (18.1 Pg C). For the entire region, the simulations indicate that land-use change alone has led to a loss of 42.6 Pg C. However, increasing CO2 and climate variability have added carbon to terrestrial ecosystems to compensate for 23% and 8% of the losses due to land-use change, respectively. During 1980-1989, monsoon Asia as a whole acted as a source of carbon to the atmosphere, releasing an average of 0.158 Pg C per year. Two of the subregions acted as net carbon source and one acted as a net carbon sink. Southeast Asia and South Asia were sources of 0.288 and 0.02 Pg C per year, respectively, while East Asia was a sink of 0.149 Pg C per year. Substantial interannual and decadal variations occur in the annual net carbon storage estimated by TEM due to comparable variations in summer precipitation and its effect on net primary production (NPP). At longer time scales, land-use change appears to be the important control on carbon dynamics in this region. ?? 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkTitle":"Global and Planetary Change","language":"English","issn":"09218181","usgsCitation":"Tian, H., Melillo, J.M., Kicklighter, D., Pan, S., Liu, J., McGuire, A., and Moore, B., 2003, Regional carbon dynamics in monsoon Asia and its implications for the global carbon cycle, in Global and Planetary Change, v. 37, no. 3-4, p. 201-217.","startPage":"201","endPage":"217","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235822,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a4b1e4b0e8fec6cdbc09","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tian, H.","contributorId":43524,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tian","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Melillo, J. M.","contributorId":73139,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Melillo","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kicklighter, D. W.","contributorId":31537,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kicklighter","given":"D. W.","affiliations":[{"id":13627,"text":"Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":405108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pan, S.","contributorId":11389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pan","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Liu, J.","contributorId":23672,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liu","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"McGuire, A. D.","contributorId":16552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuire","given":"A. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Moore, B. III","contributorId":96845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"B.","suffix":"III","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70025617,"text":"70025617 - 2003 - Depositional environments and processes in Upper Cretaceous nonmarine and marine sediments, Ocean Point dinosaur locality, North Slope, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:55","indexId":"70025617","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1344,"text":"Cretaceous Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Depositional environments and processes in Upper Cretaceous nonmarine and marine sediments, Ocean Point dinosaur locality, North Slope, Alaska","docAbstract":"A 178-m-thick stratigraphic section exposed along the lower Colville River in northern Alaska, near Ocean Point, represents the uppermost part of a 1500 m Upper Cretaceous stratigraphic section. Strata exposed at Ocean Point are assigned to the Prince Creek and Schrader Bluff formations. Three major depositional environments are identified consisting, in ascending order, of floodplain, interdistributary-bay, and shallow-marine shelf. Nonmarine strata, comprising the lower 140 m of this section, consist of fluvial distributaries, overbank sediments, tephra beds, organic-rich beds, and vertebrate remains. Tephras yield isotopic ages between 68 and 72.9 Ma, generally consistent with paleontologic ages of late Campanian-Maastrichtian determined from dinosaur remains, pollen, foraminifers, and ostracodes. Meandering low-energy rivers on a low-gradient, low-relief floodplain carried a suspended-sediment load. The rivers formed multistoried channel deposits (channels to 10 m deep) as well as solitary channel deposits (channels 2-5 m deep). Extensive overbank deposits resulting from episodic flooding formed fining-upward strata on the floodplain. The fining-upward strata are interbedded with tephra and beds of organic-rich sediment. Vertical-accretion deposits containing abundant roots indicate a sheet flood origin for many beds. Vertebrate and nonmarine invertebrate fossils along with plant debris were locally concentrated in the floodplain sediment. Deciduous conifers as well as abundant wetland plants, such as ferns, horsetails, and mosses, covered the coastal plain. Dinosaur skeletal remains have been found concentrated in floodplain sediments in organic-rich bone beds and as isolated bones in fluvial channel deposits in at least nine separate horizons within a 100-m-thick interval. Arenaceous foraminifers in some organic-rich beds and shallow fluvial distributaries indicate a lower coastal plain environment with marginal marine (bay) influence. Marginal marine strata representing interdistributary bay deposits overlie the nonmarine beds and comprise about 15 m of section. Extensive vegetated sand flats, shoals, and shallow channels overlain by shallow bay deposits (less than 7 m deep), containing storm-generated strata characterize the marginal marine beds. Abundant bioturbation and roots characterize the stratigraphic lowest bay deposits; bioturbated sediment, pelecypods, barnacles, and benthic microfossils are found in the overlying bay storm deposits. The sediments abruptly change upward from hummocky cross-stratified bay deposits to a muddy marsh deposit containing shallow organic-rich channels to prograding nonmarine to marginal marine beds. Transgressive, abundantly fossiliferous shallow-marine strata more than 13 m thick comprise the uppermost exposures at Ocean Point. The marine beds overlie nonmarine and bay strata and represent an environment dominated episodically by storms. The age of the marginal marine and marine beds is late Maastrichtian based on pollen. ?? 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Cretaceous Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0195-6671(03)00068-5","issn":"01956671","usgsCitation":"Phillips, R., 2003, Depositional environments and processes in Upper Cretaceous nonmarine and marine sediments, Ocean Point dinosaur locality, North Slope, Alaska: Cretaceous Research, v. 24, no. 5, p. 499-523, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0195-6671(03)00068-5.","startPage":"499","endPage":"523","numberOfPages":"25","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478584,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://doc.rero.ch/record/14533/files/PAL_E1735.pdf","text":"External Repository"},{"id":209530,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0195-6671(03)00068-5"},{"id":236091,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059febfe4b0c8380cd4eedc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Phillips, R. L.","contributorId":98289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"R. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70025138,"text":"70025138 - 2003 - Stratigraphy and palaeoclimatic significance of Late Quaternary loess-palaeosol sequences of the Last Interglacial-Glacial cycle in central Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:56","indexId":"70025138","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3219,"text":"Quaternary Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stratigraphy and palaeoclimatic significance of Late Quaternary loess-palaeosol sequences of the Last Interglacial-Glacial cycle in central Alaska","docAbstract":"Loess is one of the most widespread subaerial deposits in Alaska and adjacent Yukon Territory and may have a history that goes back 3 Ma. Based on mineralogy and major and trace element chemistry, central Alaskan loess has a composition that is distinctive from other loess bodies of the world, although it is quartz-dominated. Central Alaskan loess was probably derived from a variety of rock types, including granites, metabasalts and schists. Detailed stratigraphic data and pedologic criteria indicate that, contrary to early studies, many palaeosols are present in central Alaskan loess sections. The buried soils indicate that loess sedimentation was episodic, or at least rates of deposition decreased to the point where pedogenesis could keep ahead of aeolian input. As in China, loess deposition and pedogenesis are likely competing processes and neither stops completely during either phase of the loess/soil formation cycle. Loess deposition in central Alaska took place before, and probably during the last interglacial period, during stadials of the mid-Wisconsin period, during the last glacial period and during the Holocene. An unexpected result of our geochronological studies is that only moderate loess deposition took place during the last glacial period. Our studies lead us to conclude that vegetation plays a key role in loess accumulation in Alaska. Factors favouring loess production are enhanced during glacial periods but factors that favour loess accumulation are diminished during glacial periods. The most important of these is vegetation; boreal forest serves as an effective loess trap, but sparsely distributed herb tundra does not. Thus, thick accumulations of loess should not be expected where tundra vegetation was dominant and this is borne out by modern studies near the treeline in central Alaska. Much of the stratigraphic diversity of North American loess, including that found in the Central Lowlands, the Great Plains, and Alaska is explained by a new model that emphasizes the relative importance of loess production factors versus loess accumulation factors.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Science Reviews","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0277-3791(03)00167-7","issn":"02773791","usgsCitation":"Muhs, D., Ager, T.A., Bettis, E., McGeehin, J., Been, J., Beget, J.E., Pavich, M., Stafford, T.W., and Stevens, D., 2003, Stratigraphy and palaeoclimatic significance of Late Quaternary loess-palaeosol sequences of the Last Interglacial-Glacial cycle in central Alaska: Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 22, no. 18-19, p. 1947-1986, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-3791(03)00167-7.","startPage":"1947","endPage":"1986","numberOfPages":"40","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209514,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0277-3791(03)00167-7"},{"id":236060,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"18-19","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b99ace4b08c986b31c542","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Muhs, D.R. 0000-0001-7449-251X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7449-251X","contributorId":61460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muhs","given":"D.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ager, T. A.","contributorId":88386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ager","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bettis, E. Arthur III","contributorId":72822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bettis","given":"E. Arthur","suffix":"III","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McGeehin, J.","contributorId":49554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGeehin","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Been, J.M.","contributorId":26685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Been","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Beget, J. E.","contributorId":63392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beget","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Pavich, M.J.","contributorId":70788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pavich","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Stafford, Thomas W. Jr.","contributorId":21283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stafford","given":"Thomas","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Stevens, D.A.S.P.","contributorId":21330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stevens","given":"D.A.S.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70025515,"text":"70025515 - 2003 - The diet of Chesapeake Bay striped bass in the late 1950s","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:00","indexId":"70025515","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1659,"text":"Fisheries Management and Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The diet of Chesapeake Bay striped bass in the late 1950s","docAbstract":"The diet of Chesapeake Bay striped bass, (Morone saxatilis) Walbaum, based on unpublished stomach content data from 916 fish collected between 1955 and 1959 was described. The diet in the late 1950s, quantified using an index of relative importance (IRI), was dominated by Atlantic menhaden, Brevoortia tyrannus Latrobe. Atlantic menhaden (66%) and bay anchovy, Anchoa mitchilli Valenciennes, (19%) had the highest IRI value overall. Small striped bass ( <600 mm total length) ate predominantly bay anchovy (IRI = 67%). Large striped bass (??? 600 mm total length) ate predominantly Atlantic menhaden (IRI = 93%). Since 1990 small striped bass rely more on invertebrate prey and larger fish now rely more on small pelagic prey, such as bay anchovy and 0-age clupeids. Analysis of historical data using current techniques provided a valuable tool for comparison to help in understanding the current striped bass predator-prey relationship in Chesapeake Bay.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Fisheries Management and Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1046/j.1365-2400.2003.00367.x","issn":"0969997X","usgsCitation":"Griffin, J., and Margraf, F., 2003, The diet of Chesapeake Bay striped bass in the late 1950s: Fisheries Management and Ecology, v. 10, no. 5, p. 323-328, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2400.2003.00367.x.","startPage":"323","endPage":"328","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209564,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2400.2003.00367.x"},{"id":236162,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-11-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baaace4b08c986b322916","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Griffin, J.C.","contributorId":21744,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffin","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Margraf, F.J.","contributorId":47738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Margraf","given":"F.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70025556,"text":"70025556 - 2003 - Special Issue: INTERRAD IX - International Association of Radiolarian Paleontologists: Preface","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:00","indexId":"70025556","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Special Issue: INTERRAD IX - International Association of Radiolarian Paleontologists: Preface","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkTitle":"Marine Micropaleontology","language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0377-8398(03)00052-5","issn":"03778398","usgsCitation":"Blome, C., and Sanfilippo, A., 2003, Special Issue: INTERRAD IX - International Association of Radiolarian Paleontologists: Preface, in Marine Micropaleontology, v. 49, no. 3, p. 185-186, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-8398(03)00052-5.","startPage":"185","endPage":"186","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209579,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0377-8398(03)00052-5"},{"id":236201,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"49","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b94dce4b08c986b31ac8e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blome, C.D.","contributorId":60647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blome","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sanfilippo, A.","contributorId":79631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanfilippo","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70025598,"text":"70025598 - 2003 - Estimation of hectare-scale soil-moisture characteristics from aquifer-test data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-16T07:37:44","indexId":"70025598","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimation of hectare-scale soil-moisture characteristics from aquifer-test data","docAbstract":"Analysis of a 72-h, constant-rate aquifer test conducted in a coarse-grained and highly permeable, glacial outwash deposit on Cape Cod, Massachusetts revealed that drawdowns measured in 20 piezometers located at various depths below the water table and distances from the pumped well were significantly influenced by effects of drainage from the vadose zone. The influence was greatest in piezometers located close to the water table and diminished with increasing depth. The influence of the vadose zone was evident from a gap, in the intermediate-time zone, between measured drawdowns and drawdowns computed under the assumption that drainage from the vadose zone occurred instantaneously in response to a decline in the elevation of the water table. By means of an analytical model that was designed to account for time-varying drainage, simulated drawdowns could be closely fitted to measured drawdowns regardless of the piezometer locations. Because of the exceptional quality and quantity of the data and the relatively small aquifer heterogeneity, it was possible by inverse modeling to estimate all relevant aquifer parameters and a set of three empirical constants used in the upper-boundary condition to account for the dynamic drainage process. The empirical constants were used to define a one-dimensional (1D) drainage versus time curve that is assumed to be representative of the bulk material overlying the water table. The curve was inverted with a parameter estimation algorithm and a 1D numerical model for variably saturated flow to obtain soil-moisture retention curves and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity relationships defined by the Brooks and Corey equations. Direct analysis of the aquifer-test data using a parameter estimation algorithm and a two-dimensional, axisymmetric numerical model for variably saturated flow yielded similar soil-moisture characteristics. Results suggest that hectare-scale soil-moisture characteristics are different from core-scale predictions and even relatively small amounts of fine-grained material and heterogeneity can dominate the large-scale soil-moisture characteristics and aquifer response.
The southwestern willow flycatcher (SWFL; Empidonax traillii extimus) is an endangered songbird whose habitat has declined dramatically over the last century. Understanding habitat selection patterns and the ability to identify potential breeding areas for the SWFL is crucial to the management and conservation of this species. We developed a multiscaled model of SWTL breeding habitat with a Geographic Information System (GIS), survey data, GIS variables, and multiple logistic regressions. We obtained presence and absence survey data from a riverine ecosystem and a reservoir delta in south-central Arizona, USA, in 1999. We extracted the GIS variables from satellite imagery and digital elevation models to characterize vegetation and floodplain within the project area. We used multiple logistic regressions within a cell-based (30 X 30 m) modeling environment to (1) determine associations between GIS variables and breeding-site occurrence at different spatial scales (0.09-72 ha), and (2) construct a predictive model. Our best model explained 54% of the variability in breeding-site occurrence with the following variables: vegetation density at the site (0.09 ha), proportion of dense vegetation and variability in vegetation density within a 4.5-ha neighborhood, and amount of floodplain or flat terrain within a 41-ha neighborhood. The density of breeding sites was highest in areas that the model predicted to be most suitable within the project area and at an external test site 200 km away. Conservation efforts must focus on protecting not only occupied patches, but also surrounding riparian forests and floodplain to ensure long-term viability of SWTL. We will use the multiscaled model to map SWTL breeding habitat in Arizona, prioritize future survey effort, and examine changes in habitat abundance and quality over time.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","doi":"10.2307/3802685","issn":"0022541X","usgsCitation":"Hatten, J., and Paradzick, C., 2003, A multiscaled model of southwestern willow flycatcher breeding habitat: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 67, no. 4, p. 774-788, https://doi.org/10.2307/3802685.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"774","endPage":"788","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":388300,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"south-central Arizona","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -113.37890625,\n 31.466153715024294\n ],\n [\n -109.951171875,\n 31.466153715024294\n ],\n [\n -109.951171875,\n 34.56085936708384\n ],\n [\n -113.37890625,\n 34.56085936708384\n ],\n [\n -113.37890625,\n 31.466153715024294\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"67","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e490e4b0c8380cd4671b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hatten, J.R.","contributorId":39564,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatten","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Paradzick, C.E.","contributorId":87345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paradzick","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70024595,"text":"70024595 - 2003 - Supra-subduction zone extensional magmatism in Vermont and adjacent Quebec: Implications for early Paleozoic Appalachian tectonics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:13","indexId":"70024595","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Supra-subduction zone extensional magmatism in Vermont and adjacent Quebec: Implications for early Paleozoic Appalachian tectonics","docAbstract":"Metadiabasic intrusions of the Mount Norris Intrusive Suite occur in fault-bounded lithotectonic packages containing Stowe, Moretown, and Cram Hill Formation lithologies in the northern Vermont Rowe-Hawley belt, a proposed Ordovician arc-trench gap above an east-dipping subduction zone. Rocks of the Mount Norris Intrusive Suite are characteristically massive and weakly foliated, have chilled margins, contain xenoliths, and have sharp contacts that both crosscut and are parallel to early structural fabrics in the host metasedimentary rocks. Although the mineral assemblage of the Mount Norris Intrusive Suite is albite + actinolite + epidote + chlorite + calcite + quartz, intergrowths of albite + actinolite are probably pseudomorphs after plagioclase + clinopyroxene. The metadiabases are subalkaline, tholeiitic, hypabyssal basalts with preserved ophitic texture. A backarc-basin tectonic setting for the intrusive suite is suggested by its LREE (light rare earth element) enrichment, negative Nb-Ta anomalies, and Ta/Yb vs. Th/Yb trends. Although no direct isotopic age data are available, the intrusions are broadly Ordovician because their contacts are clearly folded by the earliest Acadian (Silurian-Devonian) folds. Field evidence and geochemical data suggest compelling along-strike correlations with the Coburn Hill Volcanics of northern Vermont and the Bolton Igneous Group of southern Quebec. Isotopic and stratigraphic age constraints for the Bolton Igneous Group bracket these backarc magmas to the 477-458 Ma interval. A tectonic model that begins with east-dipping subduction and progresses to outboard west-dipping subduction after a syncollisional polarity reversal best explains the intrusion of deformed metamorphosed metasedimentary rocks by backarc magmas.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/B25343.1","issn":"00167606","usgsCitation":"Kim, J., Coish, R., Evans, M., and Dick, G., 2003, Supra-subduction zone extensional magmatism in Vermont and adjacent Quebec: Implications for early Paleozoic Appalachian tectonics: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 115, no. 12, p. 1552-1569, https://doi.org/10.1130/B25343.1.","startPage":"1552","endPage":"1569","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207713,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/B25343.1"},{"id":232879,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"115","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9f84e4b08c986b31e63b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kim, J.","contributorId":9813,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kim","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coish, R.","contributorId":104672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coish","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Evans, M.","contributorId":21730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dick, G.","contributorId":9429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dick","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70025458,"text":"70025458 - 2003 - Data-based comparisons of moments estimators using historical and paleoflood data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:30","indexId":"70025458","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Data-based comparisons of moments estimators using historical and paleoflood data","docAbstract":"This paper presents the first systematic comparison, using historical and paleoflood data, of moments-based flood frequency methods. Peak flow estimates were compiled from streamflow-gaging stations with historical and/or paleoflood data at 36 sites located in the United States, Argentina, United Kingdom and China, covering a diverse range of hydrologic conditions. The Expected Moments Algorithm (EMA) and the Bulletin 17B historical weighting procedure (B17H) were compared in terms of goodness of fit using 25 of the data sets. Results from this comparison indicate that EMA is a viable alternative to current B17H procedures from an operational perspective, and performed equal to or better than B17H for the data analyzed. We demonstrate satisfactory EMA performance for the remaining 11 sites with multiple thresholds and binomial censoring, which B17H cannot accommodate. It is shown that the EMA estimator readily incorporates these types of information and the LP-III distribution provided an adequate fit to the data in most cases. The results shown here are consistent with Monte Carlo simulation studies, and demonstrate that EMA is preferred overall to B17H. The Bulletin 17B document could be revised to include an option for EMA as an alternative to the existing historical weighting approach. These results are of practical relevance to hydrologists and water resources managers for applications in floodplain management, design of hydraulic structures, and risk analysis for dams. ?? 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0022-1694(03)00141-0","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"England, J., Jarrett, R., and Salas, J., 2003, Data-based comparisons of moments estimators using historical and paleoflood data: Journal of Hydrology, v. 278, no. 1-4, p. 172-196, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(03)00141-0.","startPage":"172","endPage":"196","numberOfPages":"25","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209409,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(03)00141-0"},{"id":235823,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"278","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fdcfe4b0c8380cd4e95a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"England, J.F. Jr.","contributorId":42405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"England","given":"J.F.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jarrett, R.D.","contributorId":36551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jarrett","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Salas, J.D.","contributorId":84962,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Salas","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}