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The pyrolysis products were fractionated into CO2, H2O, CH4, C2-C5, C8-C14, C14+ saturates, C14+ aromatics and NSOs (resins+asphaltenes). All three methods generated high and similar quantities of water during pyrolysis that ranged between 14.6 and 15.2 wt.% of the original lignite. As a result of this high water content generated by the lignite, the experiments with no added water are referred to as nonhydrous rather than anhydrous. Rock-Eval pyrolysis and elemental analyses were conducted on the recovered lignite after solvent extraction to determine their residual hydrocarbon generation potential and to plot their position in a van Krevelen diagram, respectively. Residual lignite from the closed nonhydrous and hydrous experiments showed relationships between vitrinite reflectance (%Ro) values and atomic H/C ratios that occurred within the fields observed for natural maturation of coal. Although no significant differences in the atomic H/C ratios were observed between closed nonhydrous and hydrous pyrolysis, the vitrinite reflectance values were on the average 0.2% Ro lower in the residual lignite from the nonhydrous experiments. The remaining hydrocarbon generation potential as determined by Rock-Eval pyrolysis of the residual lignite showed that the nonhydrous residuals had on the average 16 mg more hydrocarbon potential per gram of original lignite than the hydrous residuals. This suggests there is a better release of the pyrolysis products from the lignite network in the hydrous experiments once generation occurs. For gas generation, at maximum yields, open nonhydrous pyrolysis generates the most hydrocarbon gas (21.0 mg/g original lignite), which is 20% more than closed nonhydrous pyrolysis and 29% more than hydrous pyrolysis. Closed nonhydrous pyrolysis generates on the average 14% more gas than hydrous pyrolysis, but the proportionality of the generated hydrocarbon gases is essentially the same for both pyrolysis methods. At maximum yields, CO2 generation is greatest in hydrous pyrolysis (99.5 mg/g original lignite), with yields being 37 percent higher than closed nonhydrous pyrolysis and 26% higher than open nonhydrous pyrolysis. The maximum yields of C14+ products are highest and similar for open nonhydrous pyrolysis and hydrous pyrolysis (125.6 and 125.9 mg/g lignite, respectively), and are more than 70% higher than closed nonhydrous pyrolysis. This difference in the maximum yields of C14+ products can be explained by differences in the proportionality between either cracking reactions that result in liquid product and char formation or trapping of generated products within the coal network (cross-linking reactions). Maximum yields of C14+ aliphatics from hydrous experiments may not have been attained, but the maximums that were observed and their GC traces are similar for the three pyrolysis systems.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Organic Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0146-6380(02)00241-3","issn":"01466380","usgsCitation":"Behar, F., Lewan, M.D., Lorant, F., and Vandenbroucke, M., 2003, Comparison of artificial maturation of lignite in hydrous and nonhydrous conditions: Organic Geochemistry, v. 34, no. 4, p. 575-600, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0146-6380(02)00241-3.","startPage":"575","endPage":"600","numberOfPages":"26","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208845,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0146-6380(02)00241-3"},{"id":234893,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f850e4b0c8380cd4d000","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Behar, F.","contributorId":70164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Behar","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lewan, M. D.","contributorId":46540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewan","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lorant, F.","contributorId":72990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lorant","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vandenbroucke, M.","contributorId":35926,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vandenbroucke","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70025197,"text":"70025197 - 2003 - Kilauea east rift zone magmatism: An episode 54 perspective","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-21T17:42:40.769696","indexId":"70025197","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2420,"text":"Journal of Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Kilauea east rift zone magmatism: An episode 54 perspective","docAbstract":"

On January 29 30, 1997, prolonged steady-state effusion of lava from Pu'u'O'o was briefly disrupted by shallow extension beneath Napau Crater, 1 4 km uprift of the active Kilauea vent. A 23-h-long eruption (episode 54) ensued from fissures that were overlapping or en echelon with eruptive fissures formed during episode 1 in 1983 and those of earlier rift zone eruptions in 1963 and 1968. Combined geophysical and petrologic data for the 1994 1999 eruptive interval, including episode 54, reveal a variety of shallow magmatic conditions that persist in association with prolonged rift zone eruption. Near-vent lava samples document a significant range in composition, temperature and crystallinity of pre-eruptive magma. As supported by phenocryst liquid relations and Kilauea mineral thermometers established herein, the rift zone extension that led to episode 54 resulted in mixture of near-cotectic magma with discrete magma bodies cooled to ≤1100°C. Mixing models indicate that magmas isolated beneath Napau Crater since 1963 and 1968 constituted 32 65% of the hybrid mixtures erupted during episode 54. Geophysical measurements support passive displacement of open-system magma along the active east rift conduit into closed-system rift-reservoirs along a shallow zone of extension. Geophysical and petrologic data for early episode 55 document the gradual flushing of episode 54 related magma during magmatic recharge of the edifice.

","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/petrology/egg048","issn":"00223530","usgsCitation":"Thornber, C., Heliker, C., Sherrod, D.R., Kauahikaua, J.P., Mikijus, A., Okubo, P.G., Trusdell, F., Budahn, J., Ridley, W., and Meeker, G., 2003, Kilauea east rift zone magmatism: An episode 54 perspective: Journal of Petrology, v. 44, no. 9, p. 1525-1559, https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egg048.","productDescription":"35 p.","startPage":"1525","endPage":"1559","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":388280,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea East Rift Zone","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.1104736328125,\n 19.80805412808859\n ],\n [\n -155.2532958984375,\n 19.456233596018\n ],\n [\n -155.3192138671875,\n 19.25929414046391\n ],\n [\n -155.1104736328125,\n 19.295590314804254\n ],\n [\n -154.8358154296875,\n 19.440694401302856\n ],\n [\n -154.8248291015625,\n 19.53390722018251\n ],\n [\n -155.0335693359375,\n 19.761533975023298\n ],\n [\n -155.1104736328125,\n 19.80805412808859\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"44","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4091e4b0c8380cd64e6b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thornber, C.R.","contributorId":69302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thornber","given":"C.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Heliker, C.","contributorId":80314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heliker","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sherrod, D. R.","contributorId":44559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherrod","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kauahikaua, J. P.","contributorId":69992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kauahikaua","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mikijus, Asta 0000-0002-2286-1886","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2286-1886","contributorId":80431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mikijus","given":"Asta","affiliations":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":404203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Okubo, P. G. 0000-0002-0381-6051","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0381-6051","contributorId":95899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Okubo","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Trusdell, F. A.","contributorId":57471,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trusdell","given":"F. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Budahn, J. R. 0000-0001-9794-8882","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9794-8882","contributorId":83914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Budahn","given":"J. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Ridley, W.I.","contributorId":72122,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ridley","given":"W.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Meeker, G.P.","contributorId":34539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meeker","given":"G.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70026195,"text":"70026195 - 2003 - Measured temperature and pressure dependence of Vp and Vs in compacted, polycrystalline sI methane and sII methane-ethane hydrate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:31","indexId":"70026195","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1173,"text":"Canadian Journal of Physics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Measured temperature and pressure dependence of Vp and Vs in compacted, polycrystalline sI methane and sII methane-ethane hydrate","docAbstract":"We report on compressional- and shear-wave-speed measurements made on compacted polycrystalline sI methane and sII methane-ethane hydrate. The gas hydrate samples are synthesized directly in the measurement apparatus by warming granulated ice to 17??C in the presence of a clathrate-forming gas at high pressure (methane for sI, 90.2% methane, 9.8% ethane for sII). Porosity is eliminated after hydrate synthesis by compacting the sample in the synthesis pressure vessel between a hydraulic ram and a fixed end-plug, both containing shear-wave transducers. Wave-speed measurements are made between -20 and 15??C and 0 to 105 MPa applied piston pressure.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Physics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1139/p03-016","issn":"00084204","usgsCitation":"Helgerud, M., Waite, W., Kirby, S.H., and Nur, A., 2003, Measured temperature and pressure dependence of Vp and Vs in compacted, polycrystalline sI methane and sII methane-ethane hydrate: Canadian Journal of Physics, v. 81, no. 1-2, p. 47-53, https://doi.org/10.1139/p03-016.","startPage":"47","endPage":"53","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208863,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p03-016"},{"id":234926,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"81","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a52e4e4b0c8380cd6c73a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Helgerud, M.B.","contributorId":10946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helgerud","given":"M.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Waite, W.F.","contributorId":40329,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waite","given":"W.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kirby, S. H.","contributorId":51721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirby","given":"S.","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nur, A.","contributorId":31114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nur","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70025044,"text":"70025044 - 2003 - A Look Inside the San Andreas fault at Parkfield Through Vertical Seismic Profiling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:26","indexId":"70025044","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A Look Inside the San Andreas fault at Parkfield Through Vertical Seismic Profiling","docAbstract":"The San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth pilot hole is located on the southwestern side of the Parkfield San Andreas fault. This observatory includes a vertical seismic profiling (VSP) array. VSP seismograms from nearby micro-earthquakes contain signals between the P and S waves. These signals may be P and S waves scattered by the local geologic structure. The collected scattering points form planar surfaces that we interpret as the San Andreas fault and four other secondary faults. The scattering process includes conversions between P and S waves, the strengths of which suggest large contrasts in material properties, possibly indicating the presence of cracks or fluids.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1126/science.1090711","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Chavarria, J., Malin, P., Catchings, R.D., and Shalev, E., 2003, A Look Inside the San Andreas fault at Parkfield Through Vertical Seismic Profiling: Science, v. 302, no. 5651, p. 1746-1748, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1090711.","startPage":"1746","endPage":"1748","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209453,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1090711"},{"id":235913,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"302","issue":"5651","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e2e7e4b0c8380cd45d07","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chavarria, J.A.","contributorId":31960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chavarria","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Malin, P.","contributorId":19719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Malin","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Catchings, R. D.","contributorId":98738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Catchings","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shalev, E.","contributorId":95659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shalev","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70171310,"text":"70171310 - 2003 - A rehabilitation plan for walleye populations and habitats in Lake Superior","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-10T11:14:47","indexId":"70171310","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":190,"text":"Miscellaneous Publication","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":3}},"seriesNumber":"2003-01","title":"A rehabilitation plan for walleye populations and habitats in Lake Superior","docAbstract":"

The walleye (Stizostedion vitreum vitreum) has been historically important in regional fisheries and fish communities in large bays, estuaries, and rivers of Lake Superior. Significant negative impacts on the species caused by overharvesting, habitat degradation, and pollution during the late 1800s and early 1900s have led to the preparation of a strategic rehabilitation plan. The lakewide goal is to maintain, enhance, and rehabilitate habitat for walleye and to establish self-sustaining populations in areas where walleyes historically lived. Population objectives that support the goal are to increase the abundance of juvenile and adult walleyes in selected areas. Habitat objectives that support the goal include increasing spawning and nursery habitat in four areas: enhancing fish passage, reducing sedimentation, increasing water quality, and reducing contaminants in walleyes. Progress toward achieving the habitat objectives should be measured by documenting increases in spawning and nursery habitats, resolving fish-passage issues, reducing sediments in rivers, and reducing contaminant levels in walleyes. Stocking various life stages of walleye should be considered to rehabilitate certain degraded populations. Total annual mortality of walleye populations should be less than 45% to allow populations to either increase or be maintained at target levels of abundance. Routine assessments should focus on gathering the data necessary to evaluate abundance and mortality and on taking inventories of spawning and nursery habitats. Research should be conducted to understand the specific habitat requirements for Lake Superior walleye populations and the habitat-abundance relationships for populations and for the lake as a whole.

","language":"English","publisher":"Great Lakes Fishery Commission","usgsCitation":"Hoff, M.H., 2003, A rehabilitation plan for walleye populations and habitats in Lake Superior: Miscellaneous Publication 2003-01, 22 p.","productDescription":"22 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321758,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57481e2be4b07e28b664db7d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoff, Michael H.","contributorId":111519,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoff","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70025055,"text":"70025055 - 2003 - High precision earthquake locations reveal seismogenic structure beneath Mammoth Mountain, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-27T14:51:53","indexId":"70025055","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"High precision earthquake locations reveal seismogenic structure beneath Mammoth Mountain, California","docAbstract":"

In 1989, an unusual earthquake swarm occurred beneath Mammoth Mountain that was probably associated with magmatic intrusion. To improve our understanding of this swarm, we relocated Mammoth Mountain earthquakes using a double difference algorithm. Relocated hypocenters reveal that most earthquakes occurred on two structures, a near-vertical plane at 7–9 km depth that has been interpreted as an intruding dike, and a circular ring-like structure at ∼5.5 km depth, above the northern end of the inferred dike. Earthquakes on this newly discovered ring structure form a conical section that dips outward away from the aseismic interior. Fault-plane solutions indicate that in 1989 the seismicity ring was slipping as a ring-normal fault as the center of the mountain rose with respect to the surrounding crust. Seismicity migrated around the ring, away from the underlying dike at a rate of ∼0.4 km/month, suggesting that fluid movement triggered seismicity on the ring fault.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/2003GL018334","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Prejean, S.G., Stork, A., Ellsworth, W.L., Hill, D., and Julian, B.R., 2003, High precision earthquake locations reveal seismogenic structure beneath Mammoth Mountain, California: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 30, no. 24, 4 p.; 2247, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003GL018334.","productDescription":"4 p.; 2247","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478583,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2003gl018334","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":236092,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Long Valley Caldera, Mammoth Mountain","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.15359497070312,\n 37.40725549559874\n ],\n [\n -118.54385375976564,\n 37.40725549559874\n ],\n [\n -118.54385375976564,\n 37.83907230547641\n ],\n [\n -119.15359497070312,\n 37.83907230547641\n ],\n [\n -119.15359497070312,\n 37.40725549559874\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"30","issue":"24","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-12-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a30c3e4b0c8380cd5d919","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Prejean, Stephanie G. sprejean@usgs.gov","contributorId":2602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prejean","given":"Stephanie","email":"sprejean@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":403626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stork, Anna","contributorId":100171,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stork","given":"Anna","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ellsworth, William L. ellsworth@usgs.gov","contributorId":787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellsworth","given":"William","email":"ellsworth@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":403624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hill, David","contributorId":10500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Julian, Bruce R.","contributorId":50063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Julian","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70025111,"text":"70025111 - 2003 - Theoretical analysis of tsunami generation by pyroclastic flows","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:28","indexId":"70025111","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Theoretical analysis of tsunami generation by pyroclastic flows","docAbstract":"Pyroclastic flows are a common product of explosive volcanism and have the potential to initiate tsunamis whenever thick, dense flows encounter bodies of water. We evaluate the process of tsunami generation by pyroclastic flow by decomposing the pyroclastic flow into two components, the dense underflow portion, which we term the pyroclastic debris flow, and the plume, which includes the surge and coignimbrite ash cloud parts of the flow. We consider five possible wave generation mechanisms. These mechanisms consist of steam explosion, pyroclastic debris flow, plume pressure, plume shear, and pressure impulse wave generation. Our theoretical analysis of tsunami generation by these mechanisms provides an estimate of tsunami features such as a characteristic wave amplitude and wavelength. We find that in most situations, tsunami generation is dominated by the pyroclastic debris flow component of a pyroclastic flow. This work presents information sufficient to construct tsunami sources for an arbitrary pyroclastic flow interacting with most bodies of water. Copyright 2003 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Watts, P., and Waythomas, C.F., 2003, Theoretical analysis of tsunami generation by pyroclastic flows: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 108, no. 12.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235648,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"108","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb1f5e4b08c986b3254fa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Watts, P.","contributorId":81669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watts","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Waythomas, C. F.","contributorId":10065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waythomas","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70171311,"text":"70171311 - 2003 - Establishment of dreissenids in Lake Ontario: implications for the endemic fish community","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-26T13:56:43","indexId":"70171311","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Establishment of dreissenids in Lake Ontario: implications for the endemic fish community","docAbstract":"

Coincident with the establishment of dreissenids in Lake Ontario, the depth distribution of alewife, a non-native predator of larval fishes, shifted deeper and the abundance of burrowing amphipod, Diporeia, declined sharply. The alewife distribution shift was followed by increased reproductive success of two native fishes, lake trout and yellow perch whereas the decline of Diporeia was followed by the appearance of emaciated lake whitefish and slimy sculpin, two native fishes that eat Diporeia.

","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Invasion of alien species in Holarctic: proceedings of the U.S.-Russia Invasive Species Workshop","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"conferenceTitle":"U.S.-Russia Invasive Species Workshop","conferenceDate":"August 27-31, 2001","conferenceLocation":"Borok, Russia","language":"English","publisher":"Russian Academy of Sciences","usgsCitation":"O’Gorman, R., and Owens, R.W., 2003, Establishment of dreissenids in Lake Ontario: implications for the endemic fish community, in Invasion of alien species in Holarctic: proceedings of the U.S.-Russia Invasive Species Workshop, Borok, Russia, August 27-31, 2001, p. 546-553.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"546","endPage":"553","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321759,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57481e2fe4b07e28b664dba0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O’Gorman, Robert rogorman@usgs.gov","contributorId":3451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Gorman","given":"Robert","email":"rogorman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":630528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Owens, Randall W.","contributorId":23871,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Owens","given":"Randall","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70026201,"text":"70026201 - 2003 - A statistical estimator of the spatial distribution of the water-table altitude","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:35","indexId":"70026201","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A statistical estimator of the spatial distribution of the water-table altitude","docAbstract":"An algorithm was designed to statistically estimate the areal distribution of water-table altitude. The altitude of the water table was bounded below by the minimum water-table surface and above by the land surface. Using lake elevations and stream stages, and interpolating between lakes and streams, the minimum water-table surface was generated. A multiple linear regression among the minimum water-table altitude, the difference between land-surface and minimum water-table altitudes, and the water-level measurements from surficial aquifer system wells resulted in a consistently high correlation for all groups of physiographic regions in Florida. A simple linear regression between land-surface and water-level measurements resulted in a root-mean-square residual of 4.23 m, with residuals ranging from -8.78 to 41.54 m. A simple linear regression between the minimum water table and the water-level measurements resulted in a root-mean-square residual of 1.45 m, with residuals ranging from -7.39 to 4.10 m. The application of the multiple linear regression presented herein resulted in a root-mean-square residual of 1.05 m, with residuals ranging from -5.24 to 5.63 m. Results from complete and partial F tests rejected the hypothesis of eliminating any of the regressors in the multiple linear regression presented in this study.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ground Water","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2003.tb02569.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Sepulveda, N., 2003, A statistical estimator of the spatial distribution of the water-table altitude: Ground Water, v. 41, no. 1, p. 66-71, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2003.tb02569.x.","startPage":"66","endPage":"71","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208906,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2003.tb02569.x"},{"id":234998,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e5aee4b0c8380cd46ef8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sepulveda, N.","contributorId":56805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sepulveda","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70025679,"text":"70025679 - 2003 - Bayesian inference and decision theory - A framework for decision making in natural resource management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-21T14:47:29.656478","indexId":"70025679","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bayesian inference and decision theory - A framework for decision making in natural resource management","docAbstract":"

Bayesian inference and decision theory may be used in the solution of relatively complex problems of natural resource management, owing to recent advances in statistical theory and computing. In particular, Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithms provide a computational framework for fitting models of adequate complexity and for evaluating the expected consequences of alternative management actions. We illustrate these features using an example based on management of waterfowl habitat.

","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/1051-0761(2003)013[0556:BIADTA]2.0.CO;2","issn":"10510761","usgsCitation":"Dorazio, R., and Johnson, F., 2003, Bayesian inference and decision theory - A framework for decision making in natural resource management: Ecological Applications, v. 13, no. 2, p. 556-563, https://doi.org/10.1890/1051-0761(2003)013[0556:BIADTA]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"556","endPage":"563","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234778,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f02be4b0c8380cd4a614","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dorazio, R.M. 0000-0003-2663-0468","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2663-0468","contributorId":23475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dorazio","given":"R.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Fred A.","contributorId":93863,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Fred A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70026262,"text":"70026262 - 2003 - A simple analytical procedure to replace HPLC for monitoring treatment concentrations of chloramine-T on fish culture facilities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-15T23:09:12.645599","indexId":"70026262","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":853,"text":"Aquaculture","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A simple analytical procedure to replace HPLC for monitoring treatment concentrations of chloramine-T on fish culture facilities","docAbstract":"

Concentrations of chloramine-T must be monitored during experimental treatments of fish when studying the effectiveness of the drug for controlling bacterial gill disease. A surrogate analytical method for analysis of chloramine-T to replace the existing high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method is described. A surrogate method was needed because the existing HPLC method is expensive, requires a specialist to use, and is not generally available at fish hatcheries. Criteria for selection of a replacement method included ease of use, analysis time, cost, safety, sensitivity, accuracy, and precision. The most promising approach was to use the determination of chlorine concentrations as an indicator of chloramine-T. Of the currently available methods for analysis of chlorine, the DPD (N,N-diethyl-p-phenylenediamine) colorimetric method best fit the established criteria. The surrogate method was evaluated under a variety of water quality conditions. Regression analysis of all DPD colorimetric analyses with the HPLC values produced a linear model (Y=0.9602 X+0.1259) with an r2 value of 0.9960. The average accuracy (percent recovery) of the DPD method relative to the HPLC method for the combined set of water quality data was 101.5%. The surrogate method was also evaluated with chloramine-T solutions that contained various concentrations of fish feed or selected densities of rainbow trout. When samples were analyzed within 2 h, the results of the surrogate method were consistent with those of the HPLC method. When samples with high concentrations of organic material were allowed to age more than 2 h before being analyzed, the DPD method seemed to be susceptible to interference, possibly from the development of other chloramine compounds. However, even after aging samples 6 h, the accuracy of the surrogate DPD method relative to the HPLC method was within the range of 80–120%. Based on the data comparing the two methods, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration has concluded that the DPD colorimetric method is appropriate to use to measure chloramine-T in water during pivotal efficacy trials designed to support the approval of chloramine-T for use in fish culture.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0044-8486(02)00425-8","issn":"00448486","usgsCitation":"Dawson, V.K., Meinertz, J., Schmidt, L., and Gingerich, W., 2003, A simple analytical procedure to replace HPLC for monitoring treatment concentrations of chloramine-T on fish culture facilities: Aquaculture, v. 217, no. 1-4, p. 61-72, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(02)00425-8.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"61","endPage":"72","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":387207,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"217","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e58ae4b0c8380cd46dee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dawson, V. K.","contributorId":48900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dawson","given":"V.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meinertz, J.R. 0000-0002-8855-2648","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8855-2648","contributorId":16786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meinertz","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":408774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schmidt, L.J.","contributorId":89858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"L.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gingerich, W.H.","contributorId":83481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gingerich","given":"W.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70025194,"text":"70025194 - 2003 - Spatial pattern of risk of common raven predation on desert tortoises","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-03T16:11:48.599577","indexId":"70025194","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial pattern of risk of common raven predation on desert tortoises","docAbstract":"Common Ravens (Corvus corax) in the Mojave Desert of California, USA are subsidized by anthropogenic resources. Large numbers of nonbreeding ravens are attracted to human developments and thus are spatially restricted, whereas breeding ravens are distributed more evenly throughout the area. We investigated whether the spatial distribution of risk of predation by ravens to juveniles of the threatened desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) was determined by the spatial distribution of (1) nonbreeding ravens at human developments (leading to \"spillover\" predation) or (2) breeding individuals throughout developed and undeveloped areas (leading to \" hyperpredation\"). Predation risk, measured using styrofoam models of juvenile desert tortoises, was high near places attracting large numbers of nonbreeding ravens, near successful nests, and far from successful nests when large numbers of nonbreeding ravens were present. Patterns consistent with both \"spillover\" predation and \"hyperpredation\" were thus observed, attributed to the nonbreeding and breeding segments of the population, respectively. Furthermore, because locations of successful nests changed almost annually, consistent low-predation refugia for juvenile desert tortoises were nearly nonexistent. Consequently, anthropogenic resources for ravens could indirectly lead to the suppression, decline, or even extinction of desert tortoise populations.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1890/02-0448","issn":"00129658","usgsCitation":"Kristan, W., and Boarman, W., 2003, Spatial pattern of risk of common raven predation on desert tortoises: Ecology, v. 84, no. 9, p. 2432-2443, https://doi.org/10.1890/02-0448.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"2432","endPage":"2443","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235807,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Edwards Air Force Base, Mojave Desert","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.22181701660156,\n 34.72186182741279\n ],\n [\n -117.67524719238281,\n 34.72186182741279\n ],\n [\n -117.67524719238281,\n 35.106428057364255\n ],\n [\n -118.22181701660156,\n 35.106428057364255\n ],\n [\n -118.22181701660156,\n 34.72186182741279\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"84","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9493e4b08c986b31ab87","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kristan, W. B. III","contributorId":106444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kristan","given":"W. B.","suffix":"III","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boarman, W.I.","contributorId":73523,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boarman","given":"W.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70025191,"text":"70025191 - 2003 - Slip history and dynamic implications of the 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan, earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-22T19:42:10.236527","indexId":"70025191","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Slip history and dynamic implications of the 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan, earthquake","docAbstract":"

[1] We investigate the rupture process of the 1999 Chi‐Chi, Taiwan, earthquake using extensive near‐source observations, including three‐component velocity waveforms at 36 strong motion stations and 119 GPS measurements. A three‐plane fault geometry derived from our previous inversion using only static data [Ji et al., 2001] is applied. The slip amplitude, rake angle, rupture initiation time, and risetime function are inverted simultaneously with a recently developed finite fault inverse method that combines a wavelet transform approach with a simulated annealing algorithm [Ji et al., 2002b]. The inversion results are validated by the forward prediction of an independent data set, the teleseismic P and SH ground velocities, with notable agreement. The results show that the total seismic moment release of this earthquake is 2.7 × 1020 N m and that most of the slip occurred in a triangular‐shaped asperity involving two fault segments, which is consistent with our previous static inversion. The rupture front propagates with an average rupture velocity of ∼2.0 km s−1, and the average slip duration (risetime) is 7.2 s. Several interesting observations related to the temporal evolution of the Chi‐Chi earthquake are also investigated, including (1) the strong effect of the sinuous fault plane of the Chelungpu fault on spatial and temporal variations in slip history, (2) the intersection of fault 1 and fault 2 not being a strong impediment to the rupture propagation, and (3) the observation that the peak slip velocity near the surface is, in general, higher than on the deeper portion of the fault plane, as predicted by dynamic modeling.

","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/2002JB001764","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Chen, J., Helmberger, D.V., Wald, D.J., and Ma, K., 2003, Slip history and dynamic implications of the 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan, earthquake: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 108, no. 9, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JB001764.","productDescription":"24 p.","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478446,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20121205-135137809","text":"External Repository"},{"id":235768,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"108","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-09-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9148e4b08c986b3197f9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chen, Ji","contributorId":101960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chen","given":"Ji","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Helmberger, Donald V.","contributorId":267932,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Helmberger","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wald, David J. 0000-0002-1454-4514 wald@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1454-4514","contributorId":795,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wald","given":"David","email":"wald@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":763672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ma, Kuo-Fong","contributorId":256927,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ma","given":"Kuo-Fong","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70179857,"text":"70179857 - 2003 - Juvenile steelhead and other fish rearing in the Wind River watershed. Connolly, J.P. (ed.), Wind River watershed restoration. 2000-2001","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-19T10:59:54","indexId":"70179857","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Juvenile steelhead and other fish rearing in the Wind River watershed. Connolly, J.P. (ed.), Wind River watershed restoration. 2000-2001","docAbstract":"

Abstract not available 

","language":"English","publisher":"Bonneville Power Administration","publisherLocation":"Portland, OR","usgsCitation":"Jezorek, I., and Connolly, P., 2003, Juvenile steelhead and other fish rearing in the Wind River watershed. Connolly, J.P. (ed.), Wind River watershed restoration. 2000-2001.","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":333433,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5881dee3e4b01192927d9fcd","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Connolly, P.J.","contributorId":70141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Connolly","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":658968,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Jezorek, I.G.","contributorId":177887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jezorek","given":"I.G.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":658965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Connolly, P.J.","contributorId":70141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Connolly","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":658966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70025189,"text":"70025189 - 2003 - Ord's kangaroo rats living in floodplain habitats: Factors contributing to habitat attraction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:28","indexId":"70025189","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3451,"text":"Southwestern Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ord's kangaroo rats living in floodplain habitats: Factors contributing to habitat attraction","docAbstract":"High densities of an aridland granivore, Ord's kangaroo rat (Dipodomys ordii), have been documented in floodplain habitats along the Yampa River in northwestern Colorado. Despite a high probability of inundation and attendant high mortality during the spring flood period, the habitat is consistently recolonized. To understand factors that potentially make riparian habitats attractive to D. ordii, we compared density and spatial pattern of seeds, density of a competitor (western harvester ant, Pogonomyrmex occidentalis), and digging energetics within floodplain habitats and between floodplain and adjacent upland habitats. Seed density within the floodplain was greatest in the topographically high (rarely flooded) floodplain and lowest immediately after a spring flood in the topographically low (frequently flooded) floodplain. Seed densities in adjacent upland habitat that never floods were higher than the lowest floodplain habitat. In the low floodplain prior to flooding, seeds had a clumped spatial pattern, which D. ordii is adept at exploiting; after spring flooding, a more random pattern resulted. Populations of the western harvester ant were low in the floodplain relative to the upland. Digging by D. ordii was energetically less expensive in floodplain areas than in upland areas. Despite the potential for mortality due to annual spring flooding, the combination of less competition from harvester ants and lower energetic costs of digging might promote the use of floodplain habitat by D. ordii.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Southwestern Naturalist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1894/0038-4909(2003)048<0411:OKRLIF>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00384909","usgsCitation":"Miller, M.S., Wilson, K., and Andersen, D., 2003, Ord's kangaroo rats living in floodplain habitats: Factors contributing to habitat attraction: Southwestern Naturalist, v. 48, no. 3, p. 411-418, https://doi.org/10.1894/0038-4909(2003)048<0411:OKRLIF>2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"411","endPage":"418","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209372,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1894/0038-4909(2003)048<0411:OKRLIF>2.0.CO;2"},{"id":235727,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"48","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6f31e4b0c8380cd759b2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, M. S.","contributorId":69107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilson, K.R.","contributorId":73961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"K.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Andersen, D.C.","contributorId":19119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andersen","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70025188,"text":"70025188 - 2003 - Use of microstrip patch antennas in grain and pulverized materials permittivity measurement","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:28","indexId":"70025188","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Use of microstrip patch antennas in grain and pulverized materials permittivity measurement","docAbstract":"A free-space microwave system developed for the measurement of the relative complex permittivity of granular materials and of pulverized materials was reported. The system consists of a transmitting antenna and a receiving antenna separated by a space filled by the sample to be characterized and a network analyzer for transmission measurement. The receiving antenna was mounted on a movable plate, which gives the flexibility of having different sample thicknesses.","largerWorkTitle":"IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society, AP-S International Symposium (Digest)","conferenceTitle":"2003 IEEE International Antennas and Propagation Symposium and USNC/CNC/URSI North American Radio Science Meeting","conferenceDate":"22 June 2003 through 27 June 2003","conferenceLocation":"Columbus, OH","language":"English","issn":"02724693","usgsCitation":"Sabbagh, E., Ramahi, O., Trabelsi, S., Nelson, S., and Khan, L., 2003, Use of microstrip patch antennas in grain and pulverized materials permittivity measurement, in IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society, AP-S International Symposium (Digest), v. 4, Columbus, OH, 22 June 2003 through 27 June 2003, p. 42-45.","startPage":"42","endPage":"45","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235726,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbf40e4b08c986b329a4d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sabbagh, El","contributorId":71369,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sabbagh","given":"El","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ramahi, O.M.","contributorId":22546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramahi","given":"O.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Trabelsi, S.","contributorId":27245,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trabelsi","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nelson, S.O.","contributorId":73314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"S.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Khan, L.","contributorId":59605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Khan","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70026290,"text":"70026290 - 2003 - SHRIMP U-Pb geochronology of Neoproterozoic Windermere Supergroup, central Idaho: Implications for rifting of western Laurentia and synchroneity of Sturtian glacial deposits","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-10T11:48:18.684536","indexId":"70026290","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"SHRIMP U-Pb geochronology of Neoproterozoic Windermere Supergroup, central Idaho: Implications for rifting of western Laurentia and synchroneity of Sturtian glacial deposits","docAbstract":"

In central Idaho roof pendants, a northwest-trending belt of metamorphosed strata, correlative with the Windermere Supergroup, links northern and southern segments of the western Laurentia Neoproterozoic rift belt. Nine newly named formations within the Gospel Peaks sequence-A through Gospel Peaks sequence-D record Cryogenian preglacial, rift-glacial, and postglacial events as well as Neoproterozoic III glacial and rift events. The Edwardsburg Formation of Gospel Peaks sequence B includes interfingered bimodal rift-related volcanic and glaciogenic diamictite strata. Zircons from a rhyodacite flow in the lower Edwardsburg Formation and from a rhyolite flow at its top, dated by using the sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP), yielded a weighted average of 685 ± 7 Ma and 684 ± 4 Ma. Reevaluation of geochronology and correlations indicates that Cryogenian rifting may have been (1) protracted between 780 and 685 Ma, (2) diachronous along the Cordillera, and/or (3) stepwise with a Cordilleran-wide event at ca. 685 Ma that initiated the formation of the Cordilleran miogeocline and set its geometry. Reevaluation of the Cryogenian glacial record indicates that (1) two associated ca. 685 Ma glacial intervals in the Edwardsburg Formation correlate with the Rapitan glaciation, (2) the Sturtian snowball Earth event must be reevaluated on the basis of revision of Rapitan glaciation from 750–700 Ma to ca. 685 Ma, and (3) there were older Cryogenian glaciations or Cryogenian glaciations were not globally synchronous. New dates and correlations significantly impact the number and synchroneity of possible snowball Earth events and the paleolatitudes of Cryogenian glaciations. Western Laurentian events at ca. 685 Ma particularily affect Neoproterozoic paleocontinental reconstructions by indicating diachronous and multi step breakup of supercontinent Rodinia.

","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(2003)115<0349:SUPGON>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00167606","usgsCitation":"Lund, K., Aleinikoff, J.N., Evans, K.V., and Fanning, C., 2003, SHRIMP U-Pb geochronology of Neoproterozoic Windermere Supergroup, central Idaho: Implications for rifting of western Laurentia and synchroneity of Sturtian glacial deposits: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 115, no. 3, p. 349-372, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(2003)115<0349:SUPGON>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"349","endPage":"372","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":387686,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.806640625,\n 47.90161354142077\n ],\n [\n -116.05957031249999,\n 47.90161354142077\n ],\n [\n -116.05957031249999,\n 48.42920055556841\n ],\n [\n -116.806640625,\n 48.42920055556841\n ],\n [\n -116.806640625,\n 47.90161354142077\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"115","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aaf47e4b0c8380cd874c6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lund, K.","contributorId":49500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lund","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aleinikoff, J. N. 0000-0003-3494-6841","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3494-6841","contributorId":75132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aleinikoff","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Evans, K. V.","contributorId":97507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fanning, C.M.","contributorId":82434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fanning","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70025152,"text":"70025152 - 2003 - The ongoing educational anomaly of earth science placement","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-20T22:52:45.760589","indexId":"70025152","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2324,"text":"Journal of Geoscience Education","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The ongoing educational anomaly of earth science placement","docAbstract":"

The geosciences have traditionally been viewed with less “academic prestige” than other science curricula. Among the results of this perception are depressed K-16 enrollments, Earth Science assignments to lower-performing students, and relegation of these classes to sometimes under-qualified educators, all of which serve to confirm the widely-held misconceptions. An Earth Systems course developed at San José State University demonstrates the difficulty of a standard high school Earth science curriculum, while recognizing the deficiencies in pre-college Earth science education. Restructuring pre-college science curricula so that Earth Science is placed as a capstone course would greatly improve student understanding of the geosciences, while development of Earth systems courses that infuse real-world and hands-on learning at the college level is critical to bridging the information gap for those with no prior exposure to the Earth sciences. Well-crafted workshops for pre-service and inservice teachers of Earth Science can help to reverse the trends and unfortunate “status” in geoscience education.

","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.5408/1089-9995-51.4.424","issn":"10899995","usgsCitation":"Messina, P., Speranza, P., Metzger, E., and Stoffer, P., 2003, The ongoing educational anomaly of earth science placement: Journal of Geoscience Education, v. 51, no. 4, p. 424-430, https://doi.org/10.5408/1089-9995-51.4.424.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"424","endPage":"430","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":388270,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-01-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bae54e4b08c986b323ffa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Messina, P.","contributorId":37518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Messina","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Speranza, P.","contributorId":61621,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Speranza","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Metzger, E.P.","contributorId":45876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Metzger","given":"E.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stoffer, P.","contributorId":55527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stoffer","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70025155,"text":"70025155 - 2003 - Seasonal and daily variations in concentrations of methyl-tertiary-butyl ether (MTBE) at Cranberry Lake, New Jersey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-19T07:53:17","indexId":"70025155","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3716,"text":"Water Research","onlineIssn":"1879-2448","printIssn":"0043-1354","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seasonal and daily variations in concentrations of methyl-tertiary-butyl ether (MTBE) at Cranberry Lake, New Jersey","docAbstract":"

Methyl-tertiary-butyl ether (MTBE), an additive used to oxygenate gasoline, has been detected in lakes in northwestern New Jersey. This occurrence has been attributed to the use of gasoline-powered watercraft. This paper documents and explains both seasonal and daily variations in MTBE concentrations at Cranberry Lake. During a recent boating season (late April to September 1999), concentrations of MTBE typically exceeded 20 μg/L. MTBE concentrations varied daily from 12 to 24 μg/L over a 2-week period that included the Labor Day holiday. Concentrations were highest on weekends when there is more boat traffic, which had an immediate effect on MTBE mass throughout the lake. MTBE concentrations decreased to about 2 μg/L shortly after the end of the summer recreational season. The loss of MTBE can be accounted for by volatilization, with a half-life on the order of 10 days. The volatilization rate was modeled with the daily decrease in MTBE then the modeled rate was validated using the data from the seasonal decline.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0043-1354(03)00243-4","issn":"00431354","usgsCitation":"Toran, L., Lipka, C., Baehr, A., Reilly, T., and Baker, R., 2003, Seasonal and daily variations in concentrations of methyl-tertiary-butyl ether (MTBE) at Cranberry Lake, New Jersey: Water Research, v. 37, no. 15, p. 3756-3766, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(03)00243-4.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"3756","endPage":"3766","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235766,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209386,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(03)00243-4"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","otherGeospatial":"Cranberry Lake","volume":"37","issue":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8869e4b08c986b316966","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Toran, L.","contributorId":78519,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Toran","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lipka, C.","contributorId":48368,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lipka","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baehr, A.","contributorId":29619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baehr","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Reilly, T.","contributorId":53138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reilly","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Baker, R.","contributorId":11542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baker","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70025186,"text":"70025186 - 2003 - Ocean observer study: A proposed national asset to augment the future U.S. operational satellite system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-22T17:22:50.752718","indexId":"70025186","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2678,"text":"Marine Technology Society Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ocean observer study: A proposed national asset to augment the future U.S. operational satellite system","docAbstract":"

The next generation of U.S. polar orbiting environmental satellites, are now under development. These satellites, jointly developed by the Department of Defense (DoD), the Department of Commerce (DOC), and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), will be known as the National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS). It is expected that the first of these satellites will be launched in 2010. NPOESS has been designed to meet the operational needs of the U.S. civilian meteorological, environmental, climatic, and space environmental remote sensing programs, and the Global Military Space and Geophysical Environmental remote sensing programs. This system, however, did not meet all the needs of the user community interested in operational oceanography (particularly in coastal regions). Beginning in the fall of 2000, the Integrated Program Office (IPO), a joint DoD, DOC, and NASA office responsible for the NPOESS development, initiated the Ocean Observer Study (OOS). The purpose of this study was to assess and recommend how best to measure the missing or inadequately sampled ocean parameters. This paper summarizes the ocean measurement requirements documented in the OOS, describes the national need to measure these parameters, and describes the satellite instrumentation required to make those measurements.

","language":"English","publisher":"Ingenta","doi":"10.4031/002533203787537302","issn":"00253324","usgsCitation":"Cunningham, J., Chambers, D., Davis, C., Gerber, A., Helz, R., McGuire, J., and Pichel, W., 2003, Ocean observer study: A proposed national asset to augment the future U.S. operational satellite system: Marine Technology Society Journal, v. 37, no. 3, p. 142-157, https://doi.org/10.4031/002533203787537302.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"142","endPage":"157","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478450,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.4031/002533203787537302","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":388315,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6c93e4b0c8380cd74cc9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cunningham, J.D.","contributorId":103849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cunningham","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chambers, D.","contributorId":14158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chambers","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Davis, C.O.","contributorId":19757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"C.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gerber, A.","contributorId":60827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gerber","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Helz, R.","contributorId":68083,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helz","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"McGuire, J.P.","contributorId":94076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuire","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Pichel, W.","contributorId":30015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pichel","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70026197,"text":"70026197 - 2003 - Assessing the efficacy of single-pass backpack electrofishing to characterize fish community structure","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-24T11:14:21","indexId":"70026197","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing the efficacy of single-pass backpack electrofishing to characterize fish community structure","docAbstract":"

Two-pass backpack electrofishing data collected as part of the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water-Quality Assessment Program were analyzed to assess the efficacy of single-pass backpack electrofishing. A two-capture removal model was used to estimate, within 10 river basins across the United States, proportional fish species richness from one-pass electrofishing and probabilities of detection for individual fish species. Mean estimated species richness from first-pass sampling (ps1) ranged from 80.7% to 100% of estimated total species richness for each river basin, based on at least seven samples per basin. However, ps1 values for individual sites ranged from 40% to 100% of estimated total species richness. Additional species unique to the second pass were collected in 50.3% of the samples. Of these, cyprinids and centrarchids were collected most frequently. Proportional fish species richness estimated for the first pass increased significantly with decreasing stream width for 1 of the 10 river basins. When used to calculate probabilities of detection of individual fish species, the removal model failed 48% of the time because the number of individuals of a species was greater in the second pass than in the first pass. Single-pass backpack electrofishing data alone may make it difficult to determine whether characterized fish community structure data are real or spurious. The two-pass removal model can be used to assess the effectiveness of sampling species richness with a single electrofishing pass. However, the two-pass removal model may have limited utility to determine probabilities of detection of individual species and, thus, limit the ability to assess the effectiveness of single-pass sampling to characterize species relative abundances. Multiple-pass (at least three passes) backpack electrofishing at a large number of sites may not be cost-effective as part of a standardized sampling protocol for large-geographic-scale studies. However, multiple-pass electrofishing at some sites may be necessary to better evaluate the adequacy of single-pass electrofishing and to help make meaningful interpretations of fish community structure.

","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(2003)132<0039:ATEOSP>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00028487","usgsCitation":"Meador, M.R., McIntyre, J., and Pollock, K.H., 2003, Assessing the efficacy of single-pass backpack electrofishing to characterize fish community structure: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 132, no. 1, p. 39-46, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(2003)132<0039:ATEOSP>2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"39","endPage":"46","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208864,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(2003)132<0039:ATEOSP>2.0.CO;2"},{"id":234928,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"132","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ede9e4b0c8380cd49acc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meador, M. R.","contributorId":74400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meador","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McIntyre, J.P.","contributorId":94471,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McIntyre","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pollock, K. H.","contributorId":65184,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pollock","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":85398,"text":"85398 - 2003 - Wolf-prey relations","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":85398,"text":"85398 - 2003 - Wolf-prey relations","indexId":"85398","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"chapter":"5","title":"Wolf-prey relations"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":93844,"text":"93844 - 2003 - Wolves: Behavior, ecology, and conservation","indexId":"93844","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"title":"Wolves: Behavior, ecology, and conservation"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":93844,"text":"93844 - 2003 - Wolves: Behavior, ecology, and conservation","indexId":"93844","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"title":"Wolves: Behavior, ecology, and conservation"},"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-04T11:12:52","indexId":"85398","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"5","title":"Wolf-prey relations","docAbstract":"

As I (L.D. MECH) watched from a small ski plane while fifteen wolves surrounded a moose on snowy Isle Royale, I had no idea this encounter would typify observations I would make during 40 more years of studying wolf-prey relations.

My usual routine while observing wolves hunting was to have my pilot keep circling broadly over the scene so I could watch the wolves’ attacks without disturbing any of the animals. Only this time there was no attack. The moose held the wolves at bay for about 5 minutes (fig. 5.1), and then the pack left.

From this observation and many others of wolves hunting moose, deer, caribou, muskoxen, bison, elk, and even arctic hares, we have come to view the wolf as a highly discerning hunter, a predator that can quickly judge the cost/benefit ratio of attacking its prey. A successful attack, and the wolf can feed for days. One miscalculation, however, and the animal could be badly injured or killed. Thus wolves generally kill prey that, while not always on their last legs, tend to be less fit than the conspecifics and thus closer to death. The moose that the fifteen wolves surrounded had not been in this category, so when the wolves realized it, they gave up. This is most often the case when wolves hunt.

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