Surface-water supplies are important sources of drinking water for residents in the Triangle area of North Carolina, which is located within the upper Cape Fear and Neuse River Basins. Since 1988, the U.S. Geological Survey and a consortium of local governments have tracked water-quality conditions and trends in several of the area’s water-supply lakes and streams. This report summarizes data collected through this cooperative effort, known as the Triangle Area Water Supply Monitoring Project, during October 2015 through September 2016 (water year 2016) and October 2016 through September 2017 (water year 2017). Major findings for this period include the following:
Director, South Atlantic Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
720 Gracern Road
Stephenson Center, Suite 129
Columbia, SC 29210
This publication consists of three map sheets that display shallow geologic structure, along with sediment distribution and thickness, for an about 225-km-long offshore section of the central California coast between Point Sur and Point Arguello. Each map sheet includes three maps, at scales of either 1:150,000 or 1:200,000, as well as a set of figures that contain representative high-resolution seismic-reflection profiles. The maps and seismic-reflection surveys cover most of the continental shelf in this region. In addition, the maps show the locations of the shelf break and the 3-nautical-mile limit of California’s State Waters.
The seismic-reflection data, which are the primary dataset used to develop the maps, were collected to support the California Seafloor Mapping Program and U.S. Geological Survey Offshore Geologic Hazards projects. In addition to the three map sheets, this publication includes geographic information system data files of interpreted faults, folds, sediment thicknesses, and depths-to-base of sediment. The faults and folds shown on the maps have been locally simplified as appropriate for the map scales.
The right-lateral San Gregorio–Hosgri Fault (SGHF) is the most significant structure in the map area. On a regional scale, the SGHF is part of a 400-km-long, right-lateral fault system that extends northwestward from Point Arguello to the area offshore of San Francisco, where it merges with the San Andreas Fault. From north to south in this part of central California, the SGHF lies offshore between the south flank of Point Sur and the north flank of Point Piedras Blancas, then comes onshore at Point Piedras Blancas, before heading offshore again between the south flank of Point Piedras Blancas and Point Arguello. Cumulative fault offset along the SGHF is as much as 150 to 160 km, decreasing to the south by transferring slip on to northwest-striking faults that converge with the SGHF both onland and offshore from the east. In the map area, the offshore-converging faults include the Los Osos Fault, the Shoreline–Point Buchon Fault, the Casmalia Fault, and the Lions Head Fault.
Quaternary sediments and bedrock underlie the shelf. On the seismic-reflection profiles, we divide Quaternary shelf sediments into two units. Characterizing the younger, upper unit is a focus of this publication. This unit is inferred to have been deposited on the shelf in the last about 21,000 years during the sea-level rise that followed the last major lowstand and the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). This upper unit overlies a transgressive surface of erosion, a commonly angular, wave-cut unconformity, and is generally characterized by low-amplitude, continuous to moderately continuous, diffuse, subparallel, generally flat reflections. Maps in this publication show both the thickness of this upper sediment unit and the depth to the base of the sediment unit. Within the map region, 11 different “domains” of post-LGM shelf sediment are delineated on the basis of sediment thickness and coastal geomorphology. Maximum sediment thickness is in the southern part of the region, offshore of the mouths of the Santa Ynez and Santa Maria Rivers. Minimum sediment thickness is found offshore of prominent rocky points, including Point Buchon and Piedras Blancas. Mean sediment thickness for the entire shelf in the map area between Point Sur and Point Arguello is 12.2 m, and total sediment volume is 24.7 million cubic meters.
Contact Information
Pacific Coastal & Marine Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Pacific Science Center
2885 Mission St.
Santa Cruz, CA 95060
American Shad Alosa sapidissima have historically supported an important fishery along the Atlantic coastal waters of North America. However, the construction of dams reduced populations and restricted landings. Fishways are intended to mitigate obstacles to anadromous fish migrations, but a thorough evaluation of their efficiency is warranted. We analyzed data collected from video recordings, hydropower turbine operations, and telemetry conducted by the Maine Department of Marine Resources to evaluate American Shad behavior while approaching and using a vertical slot fishway at the head-of-tide Brunswick Dam on the Androscoggin River in Maine. American Shad passage at the dam has been poor, ranging from 0 to 1,100 fish per year, relative to passage at other facilities in the region. Additionally, our observations indicate that there are relatively high numbers of American Shad present downstream in the river (averaging 50,000) compared with the entrance of the fishway or its pools (<8,000). On average, the rates of observed American Shad on the side of the river near the fishway entrance were significantly higher (6.5–8.6 individuals/min) when the turbine closest to the entrance of the fishway was not operating compared with when it was operating (4.1 individuals/min). Most of the radio-tagged American Shad remained in the river below the dam or went undetected. Eleven of 57 tagged fish were detected at the fishway entrance and of those only five were detected in the lower fishway. Individuals that were detected were observed making multiple attempts at entering the fishway, but movements were restricted to the lower pools. Our results suggest that this fishway is not conducive to the passage of American Shad. Examining the relationship between hydropower operations and other environmental variables on the behavior and passage of migrating anadromous fish remain an area for further study.
In shallow reservoirs, seasonal water drawdowns expose littoral areas and over time produce barren mudflats. When flooded, mudflats provide homogeneous substrates, turbid water, and eroding shorelines of limited ecological value. We hypothesized that in mudflats structurally complex habitats are occupied by more fish, smaller fish of a larger range in sizes, more species, and fish assemblages that are different from those in simpler habitats. We tested these hypotheses over two consecutive years with fish collections made in sites with varying structural complexity. Results indicated that structural complexity harbors more fish in transects and enclosures. Structural complexity did not influence median length, but length range increased with structural complexity. Average species richness increased with structural complexity. Fish assemblage composition changed as structural complexity increased. The ability of cover to provide survival, growth, and carrying capacity benefits is fundamental to programs aimed at increasing structural complexity. Results suggest observed effects on fish assemblages can lead to such benefits. Considering mudflats are a major component of reservoirs, expand as reservoirs age, and there is a potential to exert meaningful change on fish assemblages of impounded rivers by managing mudflats, we suggest additional attention is needed to develop practical habitat restoration options.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10750-019-04019-w","usgsCitation":"Hatcher, H., Miranda, L.E., Colvin, M., Coppola, G., and Lashley, M., 2019, Fish assemblages in a Mississippi reservoir mudflat with low structural complexity: Hydrobiologia, v. 841, p. 163-175, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-019-04019-w.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"163","endPage":"175","ipdsId":"IP-105174","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":388875,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Mississippi","otherGeospatial":"Enid Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.91931915283202,\n 34.10611931869012\n ],\n [\n -89.6920394897461,\n 34.10611931869012\n ],\n [\n -89.6920394897461,\n 34.21577688548365\n ],\n [\n -89.91931915283202,\n 34.21577688548365\n ],\n [\n -89.91931915283202,\n 34.10611931869012\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"841","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-07-12","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hatcher, H. R.","contributorId":265333,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hatcher","given":"H. R.","affiliations":[{"id":17848,"text":"Mississippi State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":822568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miranda, Leandro E. 0000-0002-2138-7924 smiranda@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2138-7924","contributorId":531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miranda","given":"Leandro","email":"smiranda@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":822569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Colvin, M. E.","contributorId":265334,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Colvin","given":"M. E.","affiliations":[{"id":17848,"text":"Mississippi State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":822570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Coppola, G.","contributorId":265335,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Coppola","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17848,"text":"Mississippi State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":822571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lashley, M. A.","contributorId":265336,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lashley","given":"M. A.","affiliations":[{"id":17848,"text":"Mississippi State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":822572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70204406,"text":"70204406 - 2019 - Effects of manure and tillage on edge-of-field phosphorus loss in seasonally frozen landscapes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-22T14:20:35","indexId":"70204406","displayToPublicDate":"2019-07-11T14:17:04","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of manure and tillage on edge-of-field phosphorus loss in seasonally frozen landscapes","docAbstract":"Environmental conditions and management practices affect nutrient losses in surface runoff, but their relative impacts on phosphorus (P) loss during frozen and nonfrozen ground periods have not been well quantified. More specifically, the relative importance of manure application, tillage, and soil-test P (STP) has not been assessed at the field scale. In this study, we compiled a dataset composed of 125 site-years of data from 26 fields that were continually monitored for edge-of-field P loss during snowmelt and storm events. Regression tree analyses were performed to rank the level of influence each environmental and management factor had on nutrient loads. Dissolved P (DP) was the majority of the total P (TP) during frozen conditions, but a small portion of TP during nonfrozen conditions. Manure application had a greater influence on the flow-weighted mean concentrations (FWMCs) of TP and DP during frozen conditions than during nonfrozen conditions. No-till resulted in greater TP and DP FWMCs during frozen conditions than conventional tillage, whereas the opposite effect for TP FWMC was seen during nonfrozen conditions. However, regression tree analysis revealed that STP (0- to 5-cm depth) was the most important factor in predicting DP and TP FWMCs during frozen conditions and DP FWMC during nonfrozen conditions. Extremely high STP values were associated with late-frozen manure applications and grazed pastures. Reducing surface P loss in seasonally frozen landscapes will require prioritizing management strategies that avoid manure application through early- and late-frozen conditions and lead to a drawdown of STP, particularly in the top 5 cm.","language":"English","publisher":"ACSESS: the Alliance of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Science Societies","doi":"10.2134/jeq2019.01.0011","usgsCitation":"Zopp, Z.P., Ruark, M.D., Thompson, A., Stuntebeck, T.D., Cooley, E., Radatz, A., and Radatz, T., 2019, Effects of manure and tillage on edge-of-field phosphorus loss in seasonally frozen landscapes: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 48, no. 4, p. 966-977, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2019.01.0011.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"966","endPage":"977","ipdsId":"IP-106077","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":437390,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P91W32MT","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Data used to evaluate the effects of field-level management practices on edge-of-field phosphorus loading in Minnesota and Wisconsin, 2004-17"},{"id":365812,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"48","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":15,"text":"Madison PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zopp, Zachariah P.","contributorId":217382,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zopp","given":"Zachariah","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":39610,"text":"UW-Madison, Department of Biological Systems Engineering","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":766681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ruark, Matthew D.","contributorId":217383,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ruark","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":39611,"text":"UW-Madison, Department of Soil Science","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":766682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thompson, Anita M.","contributorId":200233,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thompson","given":"Anita M.","affiliations":[{"id":16128,"text":"Department of Biological System Engineering, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":766683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stuntebeck, Todd D. 0000-0002-8405-7295 tdstunte@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8405-7295","contributorId":902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stuntebeck","given":"Todd","email":"tdstunte@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":766680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cooley, Eric","contributorId":151059,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cooley","given":"Eric","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":18174,"text":"University of Wisconsin-Extension Discovery Farms","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":766684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Radatz, Amber","contributorId":217384,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Radatz","given":"Amber","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":39612,"text":"UW Madison-Extension, UW Discovery Farms","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":766685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Radatz, Timothy","contributorId":217385,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Radatz","given":"Timothy","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":39613,"text":"MN Discovery Farms","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":766686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70203516,"text":"ofr20191060 - 2019 - Water-quality, bed-sediment, and biological data (October 2016 through September 2017) and statistical summaries of data for streams in the Clark Fork Basin, Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-12T08:24:31","indexId":"ofr20191060","displayToPublicDate":"2019-07-11T08:14:55","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2019-1060","displayTitle":"Water-Quality, Bed-Sediment, and Biological Data (October 2016 through September 2017) and Statistical Summaries of Data for Streams in the Clark Fork Basin, Montana","title":"Water-quality, bed-sediment, and biological data (October 2016 through September 2017) and statistical summaries of data for streams in the Clark Fork Basin, Montana","docAbstract":"Water, bed sediment, and biota were sampled in selected streams from Butte to near Missoula, Montana, as part of a monitoring program in the Clark Fork Basin of western Montana. The sampling program was led by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, to characterize aquatic resources in the Clark Fork Basin and emphasize trace elements associated with historic mining and smelting activities. Sampling sites were on the Clark Fork and selected tributaries. Water samples were collected periodically at 20 sites from October 2016 through September 2017. Bed-sediment and biota samples were collected once at 13 sites during August 2017.
This report presents the analytical results and quality-assurance data for water-quality, bed-sediment, and biota samples collected at sites from October 2016 through September 2017. Water-quality data include concentrations of selected major ions, dissolved organic carbon, turbidity, nitrogen (nitrate plus nitrite), trace elements, and suspended sediment. Seasonal daily values of turbidity were determined at four sites. Bed-sediment data include trace-element concentrations in the fine-grained (less than 0.063 millimeter) fraction. Biological data include trace-element concentrations in whole-body tissue of aquatic benthic insects. Statistical summaries of water-quality, bed-sediment, and biological data for sites in the Clark Fork Basin are provided for the period of record.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20191060","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Cleasby, T.E., Hornberger, M.I., Heinert, T.L., and Turner, M.A., 2019, Water-quality, bed-sediment, and biological data (October 2016 through September 2017) and statistical summaries of data for streams in the Clark Fork Basin, Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2019–1060, 110 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20191060.","productDescription":"Report: v, 110 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"120","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-102556","costCenters":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":365345,"rank":2,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9YX9400","text":"USGS data release ","description":"USGS Data Release","linkHelpText":"Water-quality, bed-sediment, and biological data (October 2016 through September 2017) and statistical summaries of data for streams in the Clark Fork Basin, Montana"},{"id":365352,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2019/1060/ofr20191060_v6.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.23 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2019–1060"},{"id":365343,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2019/1060/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Clark Fork Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.169921875,\n 46.6795944656402\n ],\n [\n -114.19189453125,\n 46.37725420510028\n ],\n [\n -113.22509765625,\n 46.263442671779885\n ],\n [\n -113.170166015625,\n 45.66780526567164\n ],\n [\n -112.269287109375,\n 45.62172169252446\n ],\n [\n -112.137451171875,\n 46.38483322349276\n ],\n [\n -112.576904296875,\n 47.21956811231547\n ],\n [\n -114.27978515625,\n 47.264320080254805\n ],\n [\n -114.169921875,\n 46.6795944656402\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Wyoming-Montana Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3162 Bozeman Avenue
Helena, MT 59601
Yosemite National Park, located in the central Sierra Nevada in California, is an icon of the U.S. National Park system. It is famous for its many spectacular geologic features, which include the towering cliffs and hanging waterfalls of Yosemite Valley and the rounded granite domes, deep blue lakes, and jagged peaks and spires of the high country. More subtle but just as spectacular are the vast areas of polished granite, linear scratches, and isolated boulders scattered across the landscape. All of these features owe their origin, at least in part, to glaciers. Glaciers originating at the crest of the Sierra Nevada flowed down preexisting river canyons numerous times throughout the Quaternary Period (the past 2.6 million years). Although the field evidence for past glaciations is necessarily incomplete, at least seven distinct glacial periods have been identified in the Sierra Nevada, spanning a minimum of 1.5 million years.
This map shows the extent of alpine icefields and associated valley glaciers in Yosemite National Park and vicinity during the most recent large glaciation, known as the Last Glacial Maximum, a globally recognized cold period characterized by low sea levels and the growth of ice sheets and mountain glaciers. In the Sierra Nevada, the Last Glacial Maximum glaciation is referred to as the Tioga glaciation. By virtue of being the most recent of the large Pleistocene glaciations, the evidence for the Tioga glaciation is abundant and relatively well preserved in the Yosemite landscape. The Tioga glaciation likely involved at least two, and perhaps as many as four, major glacial advances spanning the interval from approximately 27,000 to 15,000 years ago; the largest of these, representing the maximum ice extent shown on the map, occurred from approximately 21,000 to 18,000 years ago. Although it is possible that the various Tioga-age glaciers in the study area attained their maximum extents at slightly different times during the Last Glacial Maximum, for the purposes of this map we assume that they reached their maximum extents simultaneously. The maximum ice extent shown here may have occupied certain areas only briefly.
During the maximum extent of the Tioga glaciation, glaciers and ice fields covered most areas in and around Yosemite National Park above 2,700 meters elevation, having a profound impact on the Yosemite landscape. In addition to sculpting most of the granite monoliths for which the park is famous, glaciation also dictated the distribution of many geological, hydrological, and ecological features. Thus, the lasting effects of Tioga glaciation are still readily observable in Yosemite National Park today.
Geology, Minerals, Energy and Geophysics Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
345 Middlefield Road
Mail Stop 973
Menlo Park, CA 94025
Black carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus) were imported to the U.S. in the 1970s to control snails in aquaculture ponds and have since escaped from captivity. The increase in captures of wild fish has raised concerns of risk to native and imperiled unionid mussels given previous literature classified this species a molluscivore. We acquired black carp from commercial fishers and biologists, and examined digestive contents of 109 fish captured over 8 y from lentic and lotic habitats in the central and southern U.S.A. Digestive tract contents were preserved, and diet items inventoried. We identified 59 aquatic animal taxa (21 mollusks, 27 insects, and 11 other invertebrates) and various plant material including nuts and seeds; no fish were found. Approximately 45% of stomachs examined were empty or only contained flukes (Trematoda) that had infected mollusks before they were ingested. Nonempty stomachs contained snails (16.5%), bivalve mussels (22.8%), and insect larvae (net-spinning caddisflies, 15.6%; burrowing mayflies, 6.4%; and midges, 13.7%). Fish also consumed freshwater sponges (Porifera), moss animals (Bryozoa), crustaceans (Ostracoda and Decapoda), water mites (Acarina), and three worm phyla (Nematoda, Nemertea, Annelida). Seven taxa of unionid mussels were identified from shell fragments among the fish we examined, all of which are found in habitats with soft mud or sand/silt substrates. Diet of fish captured in lentic environments contained significantly higher richness than those captured in lotic environments. Individual black carp often contained large numbers of only one or two diet items that were assumed locally abundant and did not always crush the shells of mollusks. Most fish we examined consumed benthic prey, which supports the classification of black carp as a benthic foraging species. However, the presence of other aquatic taxa associated with pelagic or subsurface zones suggests black carp are opportunistic in their consumption of diet items and flexible in their feeding modes.
","language":"English","publisher":"BioOne Complete","doi":"10.1674/0003-0031-182.1.89","usgsCitation":"Poulton, B.C., Kroboth, P., Aiken, G., Chapman, D., Bailey, J., McMurray, S.E., and Faiman, J.S., 2019, First examination of diet items consumed by wild-caught black carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus) in the U.S.: The American Midland Naturalist, v. 182, no. 1, p. 89-108, https://doi.org/10.1674/0003-0031-182.1.89.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"89","endPage":"108","ipdsId":"IP-102117","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":437393,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9K88CWF","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Diet items consumed by wild-caught black carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus) in the U.S."},{"id":365576,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":365572,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1674/0003-0031-182.1.89"}],"volume":"182","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poulton, Barry C. 0000-0002-7219-4911 bpoulton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7219-4911","contributorId":2421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poulton","given":"Barry","email":"bpoulton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":766180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kroboth, Patrick 0000-0002-9447-4818","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9447-4818","contributorId":216578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kroboth","given":"Patrick","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":766181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Aiken, George","contributorId":209051,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiken","given":"George","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":766182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chapman, Duane 0000-0002-1086-8853 dchapman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1086-8853","contributorId":1291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapman","given":"Duane","email":"dchapman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":766183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bailey, J.","contributorId":11981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bailey","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":766184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"McMurray, Stephen E.","contributorId":206918,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McMurray","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":16971,"text":"Missouri Department of Conservation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":766185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Faiman, John S.","contributorId":216897,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Faiman","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":16971,"text":"Missouri Department of Conservation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":766186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70223404,"text":"70223404 - 2019 - Status of the Topeka shiner in Iowa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-26T14:44:45.634999","indexId":"70223404","displayToPublicDate":"2019-07-10T09:43:00","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":737,"text":"American Midland Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Status of the Topeka shiner in Iowa","docAbstract":"The Topeka shiner Notropis topeka is native to Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, and South Dakota and has been federally listed as endangered since 1998. Our goals were to determine the present distribution and qualitative status of Topeka shiners throughout its current range in Iowa and characterize the extent of decline in relation to its historic distribution. We compared the current (2016–2017) distribution to distributions portrayed in three earlier time periods. In 2016–2017 Topeka shiners were found in 12 of 20 HUC10 watersheds where they occurred historically. Their status was classified as stable in 21% of the HUC10 watersheds, possibly stable in 25%, possibly recovering in 8%, at risk in 33%, and possibly extirpated in 13% of the watersheds. The increasing trend in percent decline evident in earlier time periods reversed, going from 68% in 2010–11 to 40% in the most recent surveys. Following decades of decline, the status of Topeka shiners in Iowa appears to be improving. One potential reason for the reversal in the distributional decline of Topeka shiners in Iowa is the increasing number of oxbow restorations. Until a standardized monitoring program is established for Iowa, periodic status assessments such as this will be necessary to chronicle progress toward conserving this endangered fish species.
","language":"English","publisher":"University of Notre Dame","doi":"10.1674/0003-0031-182.1.109","usgsCitation":"Pierce, C., Simpson, N., Bybel, A., Zambory, C.L., Weber, M., and Roe, K., 2019, Status of the Topeka shiner in Iowa: American Midland Naturalist, v. 182, no. 1, p. 109-117, https://doi.org/10.1674/0003-0031-182.1.109.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"109","endPage":"117","ipdsId":"IP-102806","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467469,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1326&context=nrem_pubs","text":"External Repository"},{"id":388541,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","volume":"182","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pierce, Clay 0000-0001-5088-5431 cpierce@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5088-5431","contributorId":150492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pierce","given":"Clay","email":"cpierce@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":821962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Simpson, Nicholas T.","contributorId":264752,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Simpson","given":"Nicholas T.","affiliations":[{"id":6911,"text":"Iowa State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":821963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bybel, Alexander P.","contributorId":264753,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bybel","given":"Alexander P.","affiliations":[{"id":6911,"text":"Iowa State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":821964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zambory, Courtney L.","contributorId":264754,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zambory","given":"Courtney","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":6911,"text":"Iowa State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":821965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Weber, Michael J.","contributorId":264756,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Weber","given":"Michael J.","affiliations":[{"id":6911,"text":"Iowa State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":821966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Roe, Kevin J.","contributorId":264758,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roe","given":"Kevin J.","affiliations":[{"id":6911,"text":"Iowa State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":821967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70204486,"text":"70204486 - 2019 - Precipitation regime change in Western North America: The role of atmospheric rivers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-15T22:01:36.101171","indexId":"70204486","displayToPublicDate":"2019-07-09T15:26:45","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3358,"text":"Scientific Reports","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Precipitation regime change in Western North America: The role of atmospheric rivers","docAbstract":"Daily precipitation in California has been projected to become less frequent even as precipitation extremes intensify, leading to uncertainty in the overall response to climate warming. Precipitation extremes are historically associated with Atmospheric Rivers (ARs). Sixteen global climate models are evaluated for realism in modeled historical AR behavior and contribution of the resulting daily precipitation to annual total precipitation over Western North America. The five most realistic models display consistent changes in future AR behavior, constraining the spread of the full ensemble. They, moreover, project increasing year-to-year variability of total annual precipitation, particularly over California, where change in total annual precipitation is not projected with confidence. Focusing on three representative river basins along the West Coast, we show that, while the decrease in precipitation frequency is mostly due to non-AR events, the increase in heavy and extreme precipitation is almost entirely due to ARs. This research\ndemonstrates that examining meteorological causes of precipitation regime change can lead to better and more nuanced understanding of climate projections. It highlights the critical role of future changes in ARs to Western water resources, especially over California.","language":"English","publisher":"Nature","doi":"10.1038/s41598-019-46169-w","usgsCitation":"Gerhunov, A., Shulgina, T., Clemesha, R., Guirguis, K., Pierce, D., Dettinger, M.D., Lavers, D.A., Cayan, D., Polade, S., Kalansky, J., and Ralph, M., 2019, Precipitation regime change in Western North America: The role of atmospheric rivers: Scientific Reports, v. 9, 9944, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-46169-w.","productDescription":"9944, 11 p.","ipdsId":"IP-107573","costCenters":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467472,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-46169-w","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":366005,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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Among the 36 samples assayed for mutagenicity in the Salmonella bioassay (reported here), 25% were considered mutagenic (statistically significant slope and at least a two-fold increase in revertants/plate). Endocrine and mutagenic activities of the water samples were well correlated with each other and with the total number and cumulative concentrations of detected chemical contaminants. To test the predictive utility of knowledgebase-leveraging approaches, site-specific predicted chemical-gene (pCGA) and predicted analogous pathway-linked (pPLA) association networks identified in the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database were compared with observed endocrine/mutagenic bioactivities. We evaluated pCGA/pPLA patterns among sites by cluster analysis and principal component analysis and grouped the pPLA into broad mode-of-action classes. Measured E2Eq and mutagenic activities correlated well with predicted pathways. The pPLA analysis also revealed correlations with signaling, metabolic, and regulatory groups, suggesting that other effects pathways may be associated with chemical contaminants in these waters and indicating the need for broader bioassay coverage to assess potential adverse impacts.","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.9b02990","usgsCitation":"Berninger, J.P., DeMarini, D.M., Warren, S.H., Simmons, J.E., Wilson, V.S., Conley, J.M., Armstrong, M.D., Kolpin, D., Kuivila, K., Reilly, T.J., Romanok, K., Villeneuve, D.L., Bradley, P., and Iwanowicz, L., 2019, Predictive analysis using chemical-gene interaction networks consistent with observed endocrine activity and mutagenicity of U.S. streams: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 53, no. 15, p. 8611-8620, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b02990.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"8611","endPage":"8620","ipdsId":"IP-097471","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental 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0000-0001-7522-8606","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7522-8606","contributorId":205668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"Paul M.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":766874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Iwanowicz, Luke R. 0000-0002-1197-6178","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1197-6178","contributorId":205661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iwanowicz","given":"Luke R.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":766875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14}]}} ,{"id":70203965,"text":"sir20195032 - 2019 - Hydrologic study at Farm Creek Marsh, Dorchester County, Maryland, from April 2015 to April 2016","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-07T16:06:36","indexId":"sir20195032","displayToPublicDate":"2019-07-09T11:50:00","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2019-5032","displayTitle":"Hydrologic Study at Farm Creek Marsh, Dorchester County, Maryland, from April 2015 to April 2016","title":"Hydrologic study at Farm Creek Marsh, Dorchester County, Maryland, from April 2015 to April 2016","docAbstract":"In 2015, the U.S. Geological Survey began a 1-year hydrologic study to investigate the extent and cause of inundation at Farm Creek Marsh, in Dorchester County, Maryland. In combination with a tide and precipitation gage, a representative section of the marsh was instrumented with surface-water monitors and shallow groundwater piezometers to capture the spatial and temporal extent of inundation. In addition, water-quality data (major ions and nutrients) were collected to help discern the cause of inundation. Results indicate that during the year-long study, all sites were periodically inundated, ranging from a total of 108 days to the entire study period of 353 days. The depth of inundation was typically between 0 and 0.2 feet (ft) (above land surface), with the exception of large storm events. Less than 0.5 ft of elevation was the difference between a site being inundated during the entire study period of 353 days and a site being inundated for 36 consecutive days out of 108 total days of inundation during the study period. Water-quality data showed a large difference in pH between marsh surface water (6.1 to 6.9 standard pH units) and shallow groundwater (3.0 to 3.6 standard pH units), with differences also observed in concentrations of silica, iron, manganese, and potassium. Collectively, the combination of water-quality, hydrologic, and soils data indicate that inundation is caused by tide and storm events rather than groundwater discharge.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20195032","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with The Conservation Fund and Audubon Maryland-DC","usgsCitation":"Walker, C.W., Lester, T.R., and Nealen, C.W., 2019, Hydrologic study at Farm Creek Marsh, Dorchester County, Maryland, from April 2015 to April 2016: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2019–5032, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20195032.","productDescription":"iv, 12 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-084533","costCenters":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":365336,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2019/5032/sir20195032.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5.56 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2019-5032"},{"id":365333,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2019/5032/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland","county":"Dorchester County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.343994140625,\n 38.10754709314396\n ],\n [\n -75.69168090820312,\n 38.10754709314396\n ],\n [\n -75.69168090820312,\n 38.70694605159386\n ],\n [\n -76.343994140625,\n 38.70694605159386\n ],\n [\n -76.343994140625,\n 38.10754709314396\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, MD-DE-DC Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
5522 Research Park Drive
Baltimore, MD 21228
The Pahranagat roundtail chub (Gila robusta jordani; hereinafter “chub”) was federally listed as endangered in 1970 (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 1970). In the decades following the listing, the chub has declined to extremely low numbers (Tuttle and others, 1990; Guadalupe, 2014). Loss of available habitat appears to be one of the main reasons for the decline of this species. Historically, the chub are assumed to have had approximately 30 kilometers (km) of habitat available to them, whereas currently they appear to primarily occupy 3.5 km of the Pahranagat River, up to 2.5 km of the Pahranagat Ditch, and a small portion of the Pahranagat Drain. Each year in mid-March, a gate at the top of the fish passage structure is closed to divert water down the Pahranagat Ditch, almost completely eliminating any flow into the Pahranagat Drain. The gate is usually removed in mid-October, allowing for flow to reoccur in the Pahranagat Drain. Due to the intermittent nature of the Pahranagat Drain, it is considered a sink for the species, and yearly salvage operations are conducted to remove chub from the Pahranagat Drain. The lower portion of the Pahranagat Ditch is also thought to be a sink for the species, due to high flows and limited structure potentially pushing the chub out of the system. Movements of passive-integrated-transponder (PIT) tagged chub indicate that adults and larger juveniles are not likely to be swept downstream to the point of exiting the system; however, the smaller juveniles and larvae are likely to be entrained in the Pahranagat Drain and possibly the lower portion of the Pahranagat Ditch. Only 2 of 64 PIT-tagged chub (3 percent) were observed to exit the system through the Pahranagat Ditch as they were last recorded on the Lower Ditch antenna. No PIT-tagged chub was observed exiting the system through the Pahranagat Drain.
Although capture location was a good predictor of where PIT tagged fish were primarily detected, fish were observed to meander throughout the available habitat. Chub captured and released in the Pahranagat River were detected more often in the upper portion of the Pahranagat River, whereas chub captured and released in the Pahranagat Ditch were more often detected in and near the Pahranagat Ditch. This suggests some degree of site fidelity. However, the two chub that were captured in the Pahranagat Drain and relocated into the middle portion of the Pahranagat River near the Between Bridges antenna were not able to get back to the closed off Pahranagat Drain (closed to fish passage from mid-March through mid-October), but were primarily detected in and near the Pahranagat Ditch. Movements from one end of the system to the other end of the system (3.5 km) could occur within a day and there were no observed seasonal location preferences for the chubs. However, there was more activity in the uppermost sites during fall and winter, presumedly associated with spawning. Furthermore, chub were found to be more active during the daylight hours in fall and winter verses spring and summer. During summer, chubs were the least active, especially during daylight hours.
Most of the fish tagged were estimated to be adults based on size; 84 percent of fish tagged in this study were greater than 100 millimeters (mm) total length (TL). One chub monitored during this study (139 mm TL when tagged) was observed for a total of 714 days following capture, indicating that chub can survive at least 3 years. Furthermore, two fish greater than 200 mm TL when tagged were detected for another 7 months after tagging, which supports life history descriptions in the Recovery Plan that states Pahranagat roundtail chub can reach 250 mm TL (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 1998). In addition to natural mortality events, fish may die from extreme temperatures or other environmental stressors. None of the fish tagged in 2014 or 2015 were detected past August 31, 2016, which suggests that there may have been some external influence causing mortality of the few remaining fish from May 1, 2016, to August 31, 2016. Although habitat for chub has been limited for decades to a very small section of the Pahranagat River and the Pahranagat Ditch (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 1998), this study suggests that recent declining numbers of chub are most likely due to mortality events and not due to the fish emigrating from the system through the Pahranagat Ditch or the Pahranagat Drain.
Director, Western Fisheries Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6505 NE 65th Street
Seattle, Washington 98115-5016
Wastewater disposal associated with rapid population growth and development on Cape Cod, Massachusetts, during the past several decades has resulted in widespread contamination of groundwater with nitrogen. As a result, water quality in many of the streams, lakes, and coastal embayments on Cape Cod is impaired by excess nitrogen. To reduce nitrogen loads to these impaired water bodies, watershed-based planning is currently [2019] underway following a regional strategy, the section 208 areawide water-quality management plan update for Cape Cod. In the updated plan, traditional (sewering) and alternative wastewater management options are under consideration for restoring water quality in impaired surface-water bodies. Permeable reactive barriers, which are reactive zones emplaced below the water table for passive treatment of groundwater contaminants, are one of the alternatives being considered by Cape Cod towns as a potentially cost-effective technology for the removal of nitrogen from groundwater. However, the effectiveness of permeable reactive barriers depends on local conditions, and site-specific hydrologic and water-quality data are needed to inform the decision to install a permeable reactive barrier in a given location. These data are not available in most locations on Cape Cod; consequently, site assessments are needed before selecting this treatment option.
To address this need, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, U.S. Geological Survey, and Cape Cod Commission formed a technical team in 2015 to develop and evaluate a hydrologic site-assessment approach for permeable reactive barrier installation. The approach developed by the technical team includes a preliminary regional assessment followed by a phased onsite investigation. The approach was intended to provide the hydrologic data needed to make informed decisions on site suitability and to support installation and monitoring should the site be deemed appropriate for a permeable reactive barrier. The factors that were evaluated to characterize local hydrologic conditions and inform site selection included groundwater flow directions and rates, depth to the water table, hydraulic conductivity and degree of heterogeneity of the aquifer, spatial distribution and concentration of nitrate and oxidation-reduction-sensitive constituents, thickness and depth of the treatment zone, distance to downgradient water bodies, and access for drilling and permeable reactive barrier installation. The approach was demonstrated on Cape Cod by conducting a preliminary assessment of 27 sites, from which 5 sites were selected for onsite investigations. Results indicated that the site-assessment approach was successful for screening sites and characterizing the geologic, hydrologic, and water-quality conditions at the sites selected for onsite investigations. Overall, the phased assessment evaluated in this study provided an efficient means of obtaining the hydrologic information needed to determine if a site was suitable for permeable reactive barrier installation on Cape Cod for the passive treatment of nitrogen in groundwater.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20195047","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Barbaro, J.R., Belaval, M., Truslow, D.B., LeBlanc, D.R., Cambareri, T.C., and Michaud, S.C., 2019, Hydrologic site assessment for passive treatment of groundwater nitrogen with permeable reactive barriers, Cape Cod, Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2019–5047, 39 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20195047.","productDescription":"viii, 39 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-104222","costCenters":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":365261,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2019/5047/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":365262,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2019/5047/sir20195047.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.58 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2019-5047"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","otherGeospatial":"Cape Cod","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -70.24932861328125,\n 42.06356771883277\n ],\n [\n -70.2081298828125,\n 42.02481360781777\n ],\n [\n -70.1806640625,\n 42.01665183556825\n ],\n [\n -70.16693115234375,\n 42.032974332441405\n ],\n [\n -70.18890380859375,\n 42.04317376494972\n ],\n [\n -70.16143798828125,\n 42.06356771883277\n ],\n [\n -70.11199951171875,\n 42.04113400940807\n ],\n [\n -70.07904052734375,\n 41.92475971933975\n ],\n [\n -70.0653076171875,\n 41.89818843043047\n ],\n [\n -70.0543212890625,\n 41.920672548686824\n ],\n [\n -70.02960205078125,\n 41.92271616673922\n ],\n [\n -70.0213623046875,\n 41.887965758804484\n ],\n [\n -70.00762939453125,\n 41.81021999190292\n ],\n [\n -70.07080078125,\n 41.777456667491066\n ],\n [\n -70.125732421875,\n 41.76106872528616\n ],\n [\n -70.16693115234375,\n 41.75492216766298\n ],\n [\n -70.20263671875,\n 41.748775021355044\n ],\n [\n -70.257568359375,\n 41.7180304600481\n ],\n [\n -70.279541015625,\n 41.72828028223453\n ],\n [\n -70.345458984375,\n 41.74262728637672\n ],\n [\n -70.44158935546875,\n 41.75287318430239\n ],\n [\n -70.49102783203125,\n 41.77336007442076\n ],\n [\n -70.55145263671875,\n 41.775408403663285\n ],\n [\n -70.587158203125,\n 41.748775021355044\n ],\n [\n -70.6201171875,\n 41.73647896274239\n ],\n [\n -70.65582275390625,\n 41.68316883525891\n ],\n [\n -70.6475830078125,\n 41.64213096472801\n ],\n [\n -70.653076171875,\n 41.60312076451184\n ],\n [\n -70.64208984375,\n 41.57436130598913\n ],\n [\n -70.78765869140625,\n 41.47771800887871\n ],\n [\n -70.94146728515625,\n 41.42625319507269\n ],\n [\n -70.94970703125,\n 41.409775832009565\n ],\n [\n -70.86181640625,\n 41.41801503608024\n ],\n [\n -70.784912109375,\n 41.4509614012039\n ],\n [\n -70.653076171875,\n 41.51680395810118\n ],\n [\n -70.6201171875,\n 41.541477666790286\n ],\n [\n -70.5487060546875,\n 41.53531012183376\n ],\n [\n -70.48828125,\n 41.54764462357737\n ],\n [\n -70.4443359375,\n 41.588742636696765\n ],\n [\n -70.43060302734375,\n 41.60517452129933\n ],\n [\n -70.39764404296875,\n 41.60722821271717\n ],\n [\n -70.367431640625,\n 41.61749568924243\n ],\n [\n -70.3125,\n 41.6257084937525\n ],\n [\n -70.26580810546875,\n 41.60928183876483\n ],\n [\n -70.24108886718749,\n 41.6257084937525\n ],\n [\n -70.17791748046875,\n 41.65239288426814\n ],\n [\n -70.13946533203124,\n 41.65034063112266\n ],\n [\n -70.06805419921875,\n 41.66470503009207\n ],\n [\n -70.015869140625,\n 41.668808555620586\n ],\n [\n -69.98016357421875,\n 41.65239288426814\n ],\n [\n -70.0103759765625,\n 41.566141964768384\n ],\n [\n -70.0103759765625,\n 41.539421883822854\n ],\n [\n -69.9884033203125,\n 41.54764462357737\n ],\n [\n -69.98016357421875,\n 41.59490508367679\n ],\n [\n -69.92523193359375,\n 41.68316883525891\n ],\n [\n -69.93072509765625,\n 41.81431422987254\n ],\n [\n -69.97467041015625,\n 41.94927724511655\n ],\n [\n -70.048828125,\n 42.039094188385945\n ],\n [\n -70.13397216796875,\n 42.07783959017503\n ],\n [\n -70.21087646484375,\n 42.08803181932636\n ],\n [\n -70.24932861328125,\n 42.06356771883277\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, New England Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
331 Commerce Road, Suite 2
Pembroke, NH 03275-3718
Accurate measurements of suspended sediment, a leading water-quality impairment in many rivers, are important for managing and protecting water resources; however, water quality standards for suspended sediment in Minnesota are based on grab field sampling and total suspended solids (TSS) laboratory analysis methods. These methods have underrepresented concentrations of suspended sediment in rivers compared to U.S. Geological Survey equal-width increment or equal-discharge-increment (EWDI) field sampling and suspended-sediment concentration (SSC) laboratory analysis methods. Because of this underrepresentation, the U.S. Geological Survey, in collaboration with the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency, collected concurrent grab and EWDI samples at eight sites to compare results obtained using different combinations of field sampling and laboratory analysis methods. Study results determined that grab field sampling and TSS laboratory analysis results were biased substantially low compared to EWDI sampling and SSC laboratory analysis results, respectively. Differences in both field sampling and laboratory analysis methods caused grab and TSS methods to be biased substantially low. The difference in laboratory analysis methods was slightly greater than field sampling methods. Sand-sized particles had a strong effect on the comparability of the field sampling and laboratory analysis methods. These results indicated that grab field sampling and TSS laboratory analysis methods fail to capture most of the sand being transported by the stream. The results indicate there is less of a difference among samples collected with grab field sampling and analyzed for TSS and concentration of fines in SSC. Even though differences are present, the presence of strong correlations between SSC and TSS concentrations provides the opportunity to develop site specific relations to address transport processes not captured by grab field sampling and TSS laboratory analysis methods.
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