The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) solute transport and biodegradation code BIOMOC was used in conjunction with the USGS universal inverse modeling code UCODE to quantify field-scale hydrocarbon dissolution and biodegradation at the USGS Toxic Substances Hydrology Program crude-oil spill research site located near Bemidji, MN. This inverse modeling effort used the extensive historical data compiled at the Bemidji site from 1986 to 1997 and incorporated a multicomponent transport and biodegradation model. Inverse modeling was successful when coupled transport and degradation processes were incorporated into the model and a single dissolution rate coefficient was used for all BTEX components. Assuming a stationary oil body, we simulated benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, m,p-xylene, and o-xylene (BTEX) concentrations in the oil and ground water, respectively, as well as dissolved oxygen. Dissolution from the oil phase and aerobic and anaerobic degradation processes were represented. The parameters estimated were the recharge rate, hydraulic conductivity, dissolution rate coefficient, individual first-order BTEX anaerobic degradation rates, and transverse dispersivity. Results were similar for simulations obtained using several alternative conceptual models of the hydrologic system and biodegradation processes. The dissolved BTEX concentration data were not sufficient to discriminate between these conceptual models. The calibrated simulations reproduced the general large-scale evolution of the plume, but did not reproduce the observed small-scale spatial and temporal variability in concentrations. The estimated anaerobic biodegradation rates for toluene and o-xylene were greater than the dissolution rate coefficient. However, the estimated anaerobic biodegradation rates for benzene, ethylbenzene, and m,p-xylene were less than the dissolution rate coefficient. The calibrated model was used to determine the BTEX mass balance in the oil body and groundwater plume. Dissolution from the oil body was greatest for compounds with large effective solubilities (benzene) and with large degradation rates (toluene and o-xylene). Anaerobic degradation removed 77% of the BTEX that dissolved into the water phase and aerobic degradation removed 17%. Although goodness-of-fit measures for the alternative conceptual models were not significantly different, predictions made with the models were quite variable.
No abstract available.
A migratory population of 78 pairs of Osprey (Pandion haliaetus) nesting along the Willamette River in westernOregon was studied in 1993. The study was designed to determinecontaminant concentrations in eggs, contaminant concentrationsin fish species predominant in the Ospreys diet, andBiomagnification Factors (BMFs) of contaminants from fish specieseaten to Osprey eggs. Ten Osprey eggs and 25 composite samplesof fish (3 species) were used to evaluate organochlorine (OC)pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinateddibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), and polychlorinated dibenzofurans(PCDFs). Mercury was also analyzed in fish. Geometric meanresidues in Osprey eggs were judged low, e.g., DDE 2.3 μg g-1 wet weight (ww), Σ PCBs 0.69 μg g-1, 2,3,7,8-TCDD 2.3 ng kg-1, and generally well below known threshold values for adverse effects on productivity, and the population was increasing. Osprey egg residue data presentedby River Mile (RM) are discussed, e.g., higher PCDDs were generally found immediately downstream of paper mills and eggsfrom the Willamette River had significantly elevated PCBs and PCDDs compared to reference eggs collected nearby in the CascadeMountains. Prey remains at nest sites indicated that the Largescale Sucker (Catostomus macrocheilus) and NorthernPikeminnow (Ptychocheilus oregonensis) accounted for an estimated 90.1% of the biomass in the Osprey diet, and composite samples of these two species were collected from different sampling sites throughout the study area for contaminant analyses. With the large percentage of the fishbiomass in the Osprey diet sampled for contaminants (and fisheaten by Ospreys similar in size to those chemically analyzed),and fish contaminant concentrations weighted by biomass intake, a mean BMF was estimated from fish to Osprey eggs for the largeseries of contaminants. BMFs ranged from no biomagnification(0.42) for 2,3,7,8-TCDF to 174 for OCDD. Our findings for themigratory Osprey were compared to BMFs for the resident HerringGull (Larus argentatus), and differences are discussed. Webelieve a BMF approach provides some basic understanding ofrelationships between contaminant burdens in prey species offish-eating birds and contaminants incorporated into their eggs,and may prove useful in understanding sources of contaminants inmigratory species although additional studies are needed.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1023/A:1023396815092","usgsCitation":"Henny, C.J., Kaiser, J.L., Grove, R.A., Bentley, V., and Elliot, J.E., 2003, Biomagnification factors (fish to osprey eggs from Willamette River, Oregon, U.S.A.) for PCDDS, PCDFS, PCBS, and OC pesticides: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v. 84, no. 3, p. 275-315, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1023396815092.","productDescription":"41 p.","startPage":"275","endPage":"315","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134089,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Willamette River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.92602539062501,\n 45.91294412737392\n ],\n [\n -122.92602539062501,\n 45.59482210127054\n ],\n [\n -123.04962158203124,\n 45.556371735883125\n ],\n [\n -123.00567626953125,\n 45.3386325573467\n ],\n [\n -123.12927246093751,\n 45.263288531496876\n ],\n [\n -123.15948486328126,\n 44.97451370563983\n ],\n [\n -123.24462890625,\n 44.867549659447214\n ],\n [\n -123.25286865234376,\n 44.69404054463804\n ],\n [\n -123.41217041015625,\n 44.55720637041294\n ],\n [\n -123.32427978515625,\n 44.31795304574349\n ],\n [\n -123.21716308593749,\n 44.11322595798781\n ],\n [\n -123.09906005859375,\n 43.95525928989669\n ],\n [\n -123.1512451171875,\n 43.79092385423618\n ],\n [\n -122.91229248046875,\n 43.72545977417781\n ],\n [\n -122.63214111328125,\n 43.8186748554532\n ],\n [\n -122.618408203125,\n 43.95921358836687\n ],\n [\n -122.64312744140624,\n 44.1151978766043\n ],\n [\n -123.01116943359375,\n 44.17038488259618\n ],\n [\n -123.0853271484375,\n 44.28453670601888\n ],\n [\n -122.70904541015625,\n 44.34938634389529\n ],\n [\n -122.33551025390625,\n 44.471031231561845\n ],\n [\n -122.51129150390625,\n 44.797428998555645\n ],\n [\n -122.93975830078124,\n 44.941473354802504\n ],\n [\n -122.89581298828125,\n 45.1742925240767\n ],\n [\n -122.63214111328125,\n 45.236217535866025\n ],\n [\n -122.36022949218749,\n 45.37337295384522\n ],\n [\n -122.59643554687499,\n 45.794339630460705\n ],\n [\n -122.66510009765625,\n 45.91294412737392\n ],\n [\n -122.92602539062501,\n 45.91294412737392\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"84","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a48e4b07f02db623101","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Henny, Charles J. 0000-0001-7474-350X hennyc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7474-350X","contributorId":3461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henny","given":"Charles","email":"hennyc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":324001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kaiser, James L.","contributorId":57033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaiser","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grove, Robert A.","contributorId":52134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grove","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bentley, V.R.","contributorId":43317,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bentley","given":"V.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Elliot, J. 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Understanding habitat selection patterns and the ability to identify potential breeding areas for the SWFL is crucial to the management and conservation of this species. We developed a multiscaled model of SWTL breeding habitat with a Geographic Information System (GIS), survey data, GIS variables, and multiple logistic regressions. We obtained presence and absence survey data from a riverine ecosystem and a reservoir delta in south-central Arizona, USA, in 1999. We extracted the GIS variables from satellite imagery and digital elevation models to characterize vegetation and floodplain within the project area. We used multiple logistic regressions within a cell-based (30 X 30 m) modeling environment to (1) determine associations between GIS variables and breeding-site occurrence at different spatial scales (0.09-72 ha), and (2) construct a predictive model. Our best model explained 54% of the variability in breeding-site occurrence with the following variables: vegetation density at the site (0.09 ha), proportion of dense vegetation and variability in vegetation density within a 4.5-ha neighborhood, and amount of floodplain or flat terrain within a 41-ha neighborhood. The density of breeding sites was highest in areas that the model predicted to be most suitable within the project area and at an external test site 200 km away. Conservation efforts must focus on protecting not only occupied patches, but also surrounding riparian forests and floodplain to ensure long-term viability of SWTL. We will use the multiscaled model to map SWTL breeding habitat in Arizona, prioritize future survey effort, and examine changes in habitat abundance and quality over time.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","doi":"10.2307/3802685","issn":"0022541X","usgsCitation":"Hatten, J., and Paradzick, C., 2003, A multiscaled model of southwestern willow flycatcher breeding habitat: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 67, no. 4, p. 774-788, https://doi.org/10.2307/3802685.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"774","endPage":"788","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":388300,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"south-central Arizona","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -113.37890625,\n 31.466153715024294\n ],\n [\n -109.951171875,\n 31.466153715024294\n ],\n [\n -109.951171875,\n 34.56085936708384\n ],\n [\n -113.37890625,\n 34.56085936708384\n ],\n [\n -113.37890625,\n 31.466153715024294\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"67","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e490e4b0c8380cd4671b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hatten, J.R.","contributorId":39564,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatten","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Paradzick, C.E.","contributorId":87345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paradzick","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1016325,"text":"1016325 - 2003 - Introduction to the effects of wildland fire on aquatic ecosystems in the Western USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-21T18:25:02","indexId":"1016325","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1687,"text":"Forest Ecology and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Introduction to the effects of wildland fire on aquatic ecosystems in the Western USA","docAbstract":"The management of wildfire has long been controversial. The role of fire and fire-related management in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems has become an important focus in recent years, but the general debate is not new. In his recent book, Stephen Pyne (2001 )describes the political and scientific debate surrounding the creation of the U.S. Forest Service and the emergence of fire suppression as a central tenet of wildland management. Essentially, views in the first decade of the 20th century focused on fire as good or evil: a tool that might benefit other resources or interests (e.g. Indian burning) and mitigate larger more destructive fires, or a threat to the recruitment and productivity of newly designated forest reserves. The “great fires” in the Western USA in 1910 and the associated loss of human life and property largely forged the public and political will to suppress fire on a massive scale.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0378-1127(03)00050-1","usgsCitation":"Rieman, B., Gresswell, R., Young, M., and Luce, C., 2003, Introduction to the effects of wildland fire on aquatic ecosystems in the Western USA: Forest Ecology and Management, v. 178, no. 1-2, p. 1-3, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1127(03)00050-1.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"3","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133500,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"178","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49bee4b07f02db5d12df","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rieman, B.","contributorId":11178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rieman","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gresswell, Robert E.","contributorId":13194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gresswell","given":"Robert E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Young, M.","contributorId":57428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Luce, C.","contributorId":25119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luce","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70025301,"text":"70025301 - 2003 - A probable extralimital post-breeding assembly of Bufflehead Bucephala albeola in southcentral North Dakota, USA, 1994-2002","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:29","indexId":"70025301","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3764,"text":"Wildfowl","onlineIssn":"2052-6458","printIssn":"0954-6324","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A probable extralimital post-breeding assembly of Bufflehead Bucephala albeola in southcentral North Dakota, USA, 1994-2002","docAbstract":"The Bufflehead Bucephala albeola breeds predominantly in Canada and Alaska (USA). Evidence suggests that the species may have recently expanded its breeding range southward into central and south central North Dakota. This paper presents data on observations of Buffleheads during the breeding season in Kidder County, North Dakota, 1994-2002, and discusses the possibility that the species has not expanded its breeding range but rather has established an extralimital post-breeding staging area south of its typical breeding range.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildfowl","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"09546324","usgsCitation":"Igl, L., 2003, A probable extralimital post-breeding assembly of Bufflehead Bucephala albeola in southcentral North Dakota, USA, 1994-2002: Wildfowl, v. 54, p. 81-93.","startPage":"81","endPage":"93","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235778,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"54","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e509e4b0c8380cd46aa3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Igl, L.D. 0000-0003-0530-7266","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0530-7266","contributorId":13568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Igl","given":"L.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70025645,"text":"70025645 - 2003 - Towards developing Kentucky's landscape change maps","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:21","indexId":"70025645","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1191,"text":"Cartography and Geographic Information Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Towards developing Kentucky's landscape change maps","docAbstract":"The Kentucky Landscape Snapshot Project, a NASA-funded project, was established to provide a first baseline land cover/land use map for Kentucky. Through this endeavor, change detection will be institutionalized, thus aiding in decision-making at the local, state, and federal planning levels. 2002 Landsat 7 imaginery was classified following and Anderson Level III scheme, providing an enhancement over the 1992 USGS National Land Cover Data Set. Also as part of the deliverables, imperviousness and canopy closure layers were produced with the aid of IKONOS high resolution, multispectral imagery.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Cartography and Geographic Information Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1559/152304003100011153","issn":"15230406","usgsCitation":"Zourarakis, D., Lambert, S., and Palmer, M., 2003, Towards developing Kentucky's landscape change maps: Cartography and Geographic Information Science, v. 30, no. 2, p. 175-178, https://doi.org/10.1559/152304003100011153.","startPage":"175","endPage":"178","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234776,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208783,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1559/152304003100011153"}],"volume":"30","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb5bee4b08c986b326889","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zourarakis, D.P.","contributorId":85759,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zourarakis","given":"D.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lambert, S.C.","contributorId":92289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lambert","given":"S.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Palmer, M.","contributorId":66456,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Palmer","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70025330,"text":"70025330 - 2003 - Remote sensing of rainfall for debris-flow hazard assessment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:58","indexId":"70025330","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Remote sensing of rainfall for debris-flow hazard assessment","docAbstract":"Recent advances in remote sensing of rainfall provide more detailed temporal and spatial data on rainfall distribution. Four case studies of abundant debris flows over relatively small areas triggered during intense rainstorms are examined noting the potential for using remotely sensed rainfall data for landslide hazard analysis. Three examples with rainfall estimates from National Weather Service Doppler radar and one example with rainfall estimates from infrared imagery from a National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration satellite are compared with ground-based measurements of rainfall and with landslide distribution. The advantages and limitations of using remote sensing of rainfall for landslide hazard analysis are discussed. ?? 2003 Millpress,.","largerWorkTitle":"International Conference on Debris-Flow Hazards Mitigation: Mechanics, Prediction, and Assessment, Proceedings","conferenceTitle":"3rd International Conference on Debris-Flow Hazards Mitigation: Mechanics, Prediction, and Assessment","conferenceDate":"10 September 2003 through 12 September 2003","conferenceLocation":"Davos","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Wieczorek, G.F., Coe, J.A., and Godt, J., 2003, Remote sensing of rainfall for debris-flow hazard assessment, in International Conference on Debris-Flow Hazards Mitigation: Mechanics, Prediction, and Assessment, Proceedings, v. 2, Davos, 10 September 2003 through 12 September 2003, p. 1257-1268.","startPage":"1257","endPage":"1268","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236224,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa703e4b0c8380cd85195","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Rickenmann D.Chen C.L.","contributorId":128322,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Rickenmann D.Chen C.L.","id":536556,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Wieczorek, G. F.","contributorId":50143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wieczorek","given":"G.","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coe, J. A.","contributorId":8867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coe","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Godt, J. W.","contributorId":76732,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Godt","given":"J. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70025556,"text":"70025556 - 2003 - Special Issue: INTERRAD IX - International Association of Radiolarian Paleontologists: Preface","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:00","indexId":"70025556","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Special Issue: INTERRAD IX - International Association of Radiolarian Paleontologists: Preface","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkTitle":"Marine Micropaleontology","language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0377-8398(03)00052-5","issn":"03778398","usgsCitation":"Blome, C., and Sanfilippo, A., 2003, Special Issue: INTERRAD IX - International Association of Radiolarian Paleontologists: Preface, in Marine Micropaleontology, v. 49, no. 3, p. 185-186, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-8398(03)00052-5.","startPage":"185","endPage":"186","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209579,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0377-8398(03)00052-5"},{"id":236201,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"49","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b94dce4b08c986b31ac8e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blome, C.D.","contributorId":60647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blome","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sanfilippo, A.","contributorId":79631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanfilippo","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70025441,"text":"70025441 - 2003 - Toxicity evaluation with the microtox® test to assess the impact of in situ oiled shoreline treatment options: natural attenuation and sediment relocation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-07T11:34:27","indexId":"70025441","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3466,"text":"Spill Science and Technology Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Toxicity evaluation with the microtox® test to assess the impact of in situ oiled shoreline treatment options: natural attenuation and sediment relocation","docAbstract":"Changes in the toxicity levels of beach sediment, nearshore water, and bottom sediment samples were monitored with the Microtox® Test to evaluate the two in situ oil spill treatment options of natural attenuation (natural recovery––no treatment) and sediment relocation (surf washing). During a series of field trials, IF-30 fuel oil was intentionally sprayed onto the surface of three mixed sediment (pebble and sand) beaches on the island of Spitsbergen, Svalbard, Norway (78°56′ N, 16°45′ E). At a low wave-energy site (Site 1 with a 3-km wind fetch), where oil was stranded within the zone of normal wave action, residual oil concentrations and beach sediment toxicity levels were significantly reduced by both options in less than five days. At Site 3, a higher wave-energy site with a 40-km wind fetch, oil was intentionally stranded on the beach face in the upper intertidal/supratidal zones, above the level of normal wave activity. At this site under these experimental conditions, sediment relocation was effective in accelerating the removal of the oil from the sediments and reducing the Microtox® Test toxicity response to background levels. In the untreated (natural attenuation) plot at this site, the fraction of residual oil remaining within the beach sediments after one year (70%) continued to generate a toxic response. Chemical and toxicological analyses of nearshore sediment and sediment-trap samples at both sites confirmed that oil and suspended mineral fines were effectively dispersed into the surrounding environment by the in situ treatments. In terms of secondary potential detrimental effects from the release of stranded oil from the beaches, the toxicity level (Microtox® Test) of adjacent nearshore sediment samples did not exceed the Canadian regulatory limit for dredged spoils destined for ocean disposal.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S1353-2561(03)00039-2","issn":"13532561","usgsCitation":"Lee, K., Wohlgeschaffen, G., Tremblay, G.H., Johnson, B., Sergy, G.A., Prince, R.C., Guenette, C.C., and Owens, E.H., 2003, Toxicity evaluation with the microtox® test to assess the impact of in situ oiled shoreline treatment options: natural attenuation and sediment relocation: Spill Science and Technology Bulletin, v. 8, no. 3, p. 273-284, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1353-2561(03)00039-2.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"273","endPage":"284","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236157,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209560,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1353-2561(03)00039-2"}],"volume":"8","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb5d7e4b08c986b326920","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, Kenneth","contributorId":61064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Kenneth","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wohlgeschaffen, Gary","contributorId":78137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wohlgeschaffen","given":"Gary","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tremblay, Gilles H.","contributorId":92852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tremblay","given":"Gilles","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johnson, B. Thomas","contributorId":105101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"B. Thomas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sergy, Gary A.","contributorId":36733,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sergy","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Prince, Roger C.","contributorId":73391,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prince","given":"Roger","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Guenette, Chantal C.","contributorId":46750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guenette","given":"Chantal","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Owens, Edward H.","contributorId":78138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Owens","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":1008217,"text":"1008217 - 2003 - Introduced species and their missing parasites","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-28T13:58:09","indexId":"1008217","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Introduced species and their missing parasites","docAbstract":"Damage caused by introduced species results from the high population densities and large body sizes that they attain in their new location. Escape from the effects of natural enemies is a frequent explanation given for the success of introduced species. Because some parasites can reduce host density and decrease body size, an invader that leaves parasites behind and encounters few new parasites can experience a demographic release and become a pest. To test whether introduced species are less parasitized, we have compared the parasites of exotic species in their native and introduced ranges, using 26 host species of molluscs, crustaceans, fishes, birds, mammals, amphibians and reptiles. Here we report that the number of parasite species found in native populations is twice that found in exotic populations. In addition, introduced populations are less heavily parasitized (in terms of percentage infected) than are native populations. Reduced parasitization of introduced species has several causes, including reduced probability of the introduction of parasites with exotic species (or early extinction after host establishment), absence of other required hosts in the new location, and the host-specific limitations of native parasites adapting to new hosts.
","language":"English","publisher":"Nature","doi":"10.1038/nature01346","usgsCitation":"Torchin, M.E., Lafferty, K.D., Dobson, A.P., McKenzie, V.J., and Kuris, A.M., 2003, Introduced species and their missing parasites: Nature, v. 421, p. 628-630, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature01346.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"628","endPage":"630","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132097,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"421","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49c2e4b07f02db5d3ec6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Torchin, Mark E.","contributorId":25685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Torchin","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lafferty, Kevin D. 0000-0001-7583-4593 klafferty@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7583-4593","contributorId":1415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lafferty","given":"Kevin","email":"klafferty@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":317063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dobson, Andrew P.","contributorId":63693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dobson","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McKenzie, Valerie J.","contributorId":174969,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McKenzie","given":"Valerie","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kuris, Armand M.","contributorId":54332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuris","given":"Armand","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70025216,"text":"70025216 - 2003 - Origin of high-grade gold ore, source of ore fluid components, and genesis of the Meikle and neighboring Carlin-type deposits, Northern Carlin Trend, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:57","indexId":"70025216","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Origin of high-grade gold ore, source of ore fluid components, and genesis of the Meikle and neighboring Carlin-type deposits, Northern Carlin Trend, Nevada","docAbstract":"The Meikle mine exploits one of the world's highest grade Carlin-type gold deposits with reserves of ca. 220 t gold at an average grade of 24.7 g/t. Locally, gold grades exceed 400 g/t. Several geologic events converged at Meikle to create these spectacular gold grades. Prior to mineralization, a Devonian hydrothermal system altered the Bootstrap limestone to Fe-rich dolomite. Subsequently the rocks were brecciated by faulting and Late Jurassic intrusive activity. The resulting permeability focused flow of late Eocene Carlin-type ore fluids and allowed them to react with the Fe-rich dolomite. Fluid inclusion data and mineral assemblages indicate that these fluids were hot (ca. 220??C),of moderate salinity (<6 wt % NaCl equiv), acidic, and H2S rich. Gold-rich pyrite formed by dissolution of dolomite and sulfidation of its contained Fe. Where dissolution and replacement were complete, ore-stage pyrite and other insoluble minerals were all that remained. Locally, these minerals accumulated as internal sediments in dissolution cavities to form ore with gold grades >400 g/t. Petrographic observations, geochemical data, and stable isotope results from the Meikle mine and other deposits at the Goldstrike mine place important constraints on genetic models for Meikle and other Carlin-type gold deposits on the northern Carlin trend. The ore fluids were meteoric water (??D = -135???, ??18O = -5???) that interacted with sedimentary rocks at a water/rock ratio of ca. 1 and temperatures of ca. 220??C. The absence of significant silicification suggests that there was little cooling of the ore fluids during mineralization. These two observations strongly suggest that ore fluids were not derived from deep sources but instead flowed parallel to isotherms. The gold was transported by H2S (??34S = 9???), which was derived from Paleozoic sedimentary rocks. The presence of auriferous sedimentary exhalative mineralization in the local stratigraphic sequence raises the possibility that preexisting concentrations of gold contributed to the Carlin-type deposits. Taken together our observations suggest that meteoric water evolved to become an ore fluid by shallow circulation through previously gold- and sulfur-enriched rocks. Carlin-type gold deposits formed where these fluids encountered permeable, reactive Fe-rich rocks.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Economic Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Emsbo, P., Hofstra, A., Lauha, E., Griffin, G., and Hutchinson, R., 2003, Origin of high-grade gold ore, source of ore fluid components, and genesis of the Meikle and neighboring Carlin-type deposits, Northern Carlin Trend, Nevada: Economic Geology, v. 98, no. 6, p. 1069-1100.","startPage":"1069","endPage":"1100","numberOfPages":"32","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236180,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"98","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a70dbe4b0c8380cd762c3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Emsbo, P.","contributorId":59901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Emsbo","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hofstra, A. H. 0000-0002-2450-1593","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2450-1593","contributorId":41426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hofstra","given":"A. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lauha, E.A.","contributorId":100595,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lauha","given":"E.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Griffin, G.L.","contributorId":26870,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffin","given":"G.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hutchinson, R.W.","contributorId":52743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hutchinson","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70025759,"text":"70025759 - 2003 - Preface: Phragmites australis - A Sheep in Wolf's Clothing?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:32","indexId":"70025759","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Preface: Phragmites australis - A Sheep in Wolf's Clothing?","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkTitle":"Estuaries","language":"English","issn":"01608347","usgsCitation":"Weinstein, M., Keough, J., Guntenspergen, G., and Litvin, S., 2003, Preface: Phragmites australis - A Sheep in Wolf's Clothing?, in Estuaries, v. 26, no. 2 B.","startPage":"397","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234862,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"2 B","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8217e4b0c8380cd7b8cf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weinstein, M.P.","contributorId":25264,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weinstein","given":"M.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Keough, J.R.","contributorId":87880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keough","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Guntenspergen, G.R. 0000-0002-8593-0244","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8593-0244","contributorId":95424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guntenspergen","given":"G.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Litvin, S.Y.","contributorId":59146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Litvin","given":"S.Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70025927,"text":"70025927 - 2003 - Differential rates of vertical accretion and elevation change among aerial root types in Micronesian mangrove forests","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:24","indexId":"70025927","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1587,"text":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Differential rates of vertical accretion and elevation change among aerial root types in Micronesian mangrove forests","docAbstract":"Root systems in mangrove swamps have captured the attention of scientists for decades. Among the postulated roles of root structures include a contribution to the geomorphological stability of mangrove soils through sediment trapping and binding. In this study, we used feldspar marker horizons and sediment pins to investigate the influence of three different functional root types - prop roots in Rhizophora spp., root knees in Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, and pneumatophores in Sonneratia alba - on vertical accretion and elevation change in three mangrove forests in the Federated States of Micronesia. Prop roots facilitated vertical accretion (11.0 mm year-1) more than pneumatophores or bare soil controls (mean, 8.3 mm year-1). Sediment elevation, on the other hand, increased at an average rate of only 1.3 mm year-1 across all root types, with rate differences by root type, ranging from -0.2 to 3.4 mm year-1, being detected within river basins. This investigation demonstrates that prop roots can assist in the settling of suspended sediments from estuarine waters, yet prop root structures are not as successful as pneumatophores in maintaining sediment elevation over 2.5 years. As root densities increase over time, an increase in turbulence-induced erosion and in shallow subsidence as organic peat layers form is expected in Micronesian mangrove forests. ?? 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0272-7714(02)00184-1","issn":"02727714","usgsCitation":"Krauss, K., Allen, J.A., and Cahoon, D.R., 2003, Differential rates of vertical accretion and elevation change among aerial root types in Micronesian mangrove forests: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, v. 56, no. 2, p. 251-259, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0272-7714(02)00184-1.","startPage":"251","endPage":"259","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208692,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0272-7714(02)00184-1"},{"id":234613,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"56","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0100e4b0c8380cd4fa33","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krauss, K. W. 0000-0003-2195-0729","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2195-0729","contributorId":19517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krauss","given":"K. W.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":407126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Allen, J. A.","contributorId":82644,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Allen","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cahoon, Donald R. 0000-0002-2591-5667","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2591-5667","contributorId":65424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cahoon","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":407127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1015108,"text":"1015108 - 2003 - Planning for population viability on Northern Great Plains national grasslands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-27T19:40:17","indexId":"1015108","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Planning for population viability on Northern Great Plains national grasslands","docAbstract":"Broad-scale information in concert with conservation of individual species must be used to develop conservation priorities and a more integrated ecosystem protection strategy. In 1999 the United States Forest Service initiated an approach for the 1.2× 106 ha of national grasslands in the Northern Great Plains to fulfill the requirement to maintain viable populations of all native and desirable introduced vertebrate and plant species. The challenge was threefold: 1) develop basic building blocks in the conservation planning approach, 2) apply the approach to national grasslands, and 3) overcome differences that may exist in agency-specific legal and policy requirements. Key assessment components in the approach included a bioregional assessment, coarse-filter analysis, and fine-filter analysis aimed at species considered at-risk. A science team of agency, conservation organization, and university personnel was established to develop the guidelines and standards and other formal procedures for implementation of conservation strategies. Conservation strategies included coarse-filter recommendations to restore the tallgrass, mixed, and shortgrass prairies to conditions that approximate historical ecological processes and landscape patterns, and fine-filter recommendations to address viability needs of individual and multiple species of native animals and plants. Results include a cost-effective approach to conservation planning and recommendations for addressing population viability and biodiversity concerns on national grasslands in the Northern Great Plains.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","usgsCitation":"Samson, F.B., Knopf, F., McCarthy, C., Noon, B., Ostlie, W., Rinehart, S., Larson, S., Plumb, G.E., Schenbeck, G., Svingen, D., and Byer, T., 2003, Planning for population viability on Northern Great Plains national grasslands: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 31, no. 4, p. 986-999.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"986","endPage":"999","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":15029,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/3784443"},{"id":131202,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adae4b07f02db6854e0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Samson, F. B.","contributorId":77880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Samson","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Knopf, F.L.","contributorId":26998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knopf","given":"F.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McCarthy, C.W.","contributorId":83479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCarthy","given":"C.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Noon, B.R.","contributorId":24311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noon","given":"B.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ostlie, W.R.","contributorId":65805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ostlie","given":"W.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rinehart, S.M.","contributorId":84703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rinehart","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Larson, S.","contributorId":62180,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Plumb, G. E.","contributorId":107226,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Plumb","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Schenbeck, G.L.","contributorId":27008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schenbeck","given":"G.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Svingen, D.N.","contributorId":69100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Svingen","given":"D.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Byer, T.W.","contributorId":88696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Byer","given":"T.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70025945,"text":"70025945 - 2003 - Surface seismic refraction/reflection measurement determinations of potential site resonances and the areal uniformity of NEHRP site class D in Memphis, Tennessee","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:34","indexId":"70025945","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1436,"text":"Earthquake Spectra","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Surface seismic refraction/reflection measurement determinations of potential site resonances and the areal uniformity of NEHRP site class D in Memphis, Tennessee","docAbstract":"We determined S-wave velocities (Vs) to about 40-m depth at 65 locations in the Memphis-Shelby County, Tennessee, area. The Vs measurements were made using high-resolution seismic refraction and reflection methods on the ground surface. We find a clear difference in the Vs profiles between sites located on the Mississippi River flood plain and those located to the east, mostly covered by loess, in the urban areas of Memphis. The average Vs to 30-m depth at 19 sites on the modern Mississippi River floodplain averages 197 m/s (?? 15 m/s) and places 17 of these sites at the low end of NEHRP soil profile category type D (average Vs 180-360 m/s). The two remaining sites are type E. Vs to 30-m depth at 46 sites in the urban areas east of the modern floodplain are more variable and generally higher than the floodplain sites, averaging about 262 m/s (??45 m/s), still within category D. We often observed the base of the loess as a prominent S-wave reflection and as an increase in Vs to about 500 m/s. Based on the two-way travel time of this reflection, during an earthquake the impedance boundary at the loess base may generate resonances in the 3- to 6-Hz range over many areas of Memphis. Amplitude spectra from four local earthquakes recorded at one site located on loess indicate consistent resonance peaks in the 4.5- to 6.5-Hz range.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earthquake Spectra","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1193/1.1543161","issn":"87552930","usgsCitation":"Williams, R.A., Wood, S., Stephenson, W.J., Odum, J.K., Meremonte, M., Street, R., and Worley, D.M., 2003, Surface seismic refraction/reflection measurement determinations of potential site resonances and the areal uniformity of NEHRP site class D in Memphis, Tennessee: Earthquake Spectra, v. 19, no. 1, p. 159-189, https://doi.org/10.1193/1.1543161.","startPage":"159","endPage":"189","numberOfPages":"31","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208840,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1543161"},{"id":234877,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9fbfe4b08c986b31e7e8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, R. A.","contributorId":82323,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wood, S.","contributorId":86946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stephenson, W. J.","contributorId":87982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephenson","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Odum, J. K.","contributorId":105705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Odum","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Meremonte, M. E.","contributorId":56661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meremonte","given":"M. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Street, R.","contributorId":35097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Street","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Worley, D. M.","contributorId":98332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Worley","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":1001863,"text":"1001863 - 2003 - Predator exclusion methods for managing endangered shorebirds: Are two barriers better than one?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-03-14T17:34:27.389673","indexId":"1001863","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3731,"text":"Waterbirds","onlineIssn":"19385390","printIssn":"15244695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predator exclusion methods for managing endangered shorebirds: Are two barriers better than one?","docAbstract":"Reproductive success of shorebirds can be improved by placement of predator exclosure fences along beaches or wire-mesh exclosure “cages” over nests. We predicted that these two types of exclosures used simultaneously might further improve reproductive success over that when cages alone are used. Field experiments were carried out on Piping Plovers (Charadrius melodus) on prairie alkali lakes in North Dakota and Montana. During 1996 and 1997, we compared success of nesting plover pairs provided with: (1) no protection, (2) cages that protected eggs in individual nests from both mammalian and avian predators, and (3) a combination of cages plus a temporary electric fence that excluded mammalian predators from the entire nesting beach where chicks were being reared. In 20 replicated trials, fledgling production rates were: no protection, 0.72 chicks/pair (95% CI: 0.29-1.15, N = 43 pairs); cage only, 1.73 (1.30-2.16, N = 46); fence plus cage, 2.06 (1.63-2.49, N = 50). Production by protected pairs was significantly greater than for unprotected pairs. However, no significant difference in production was detected between the two protection types. Temporary electric fences were relatively expensive to apply and added little to the effectiveness of cages, but may be appropriate in situations where cages cannot be used or where mammalian predation on chicks is a greater threat.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Waterbird Society","doi":"10.1675/1524-4695(2003)026[0156:PEMFME]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Murphy, R.K., Greenwood, R.J., Ivan, J., and Smith, K.A., 2003, Predator exclusion methods for managing endangered shorebirds: Are two barriers better than one?: Waterbirds, v. 26, no. 2, p. 156-159, https://doi.org/10.1675/1524-4695(2003)026[0156:PEMFME]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"156","endPage":"159","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130389,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana, North Dakota","county":"Divide County, McLean County, Mountrail County, Sheridan County, Ward County, Williams County","city":"Lostwood","otherGeospatial":"Williams Preserve","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -101.00006103515625,\n 47.48217672294507\n ],\n [\n -100.70102691650389,\n 47.48217672294507\n ],\n [\n -100.70102691650389,\n 47.58856790334661\n ],\n [\n -101.00006103515625,\n 47.58856790334661\n ],\n [\n -101.00006103515625,\n 47.48217672294507\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -102.7056884765625,\n 48.38817819201506\n ],\n [\n -102.1453857421875,\n 48.38817819201506\n ],\n [\n -102.1453857421875,\n 48.59341332926223\n ],\n [\n -102.7056884765625,\n 48.59341332926223\n ],\n [\n -102.7056884765625,\n 48.38817819201506\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -104.6832275390625,\n 47.97889140226657\n ],\n [\n -103.1781005859375,\n 47.97889140226657\n ],\n [\n -103.1781005859375,\n 48.99824008113872\n ],\n [\n -104.6832275390625,\n 48.99824008113872\n ],\n [\n -104.6832275390625,\n 47.97889140226657\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"26","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acfe4b07f02db67ff6e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Murphy, Robert K.","contributorId":67643,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Murphy","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":56253,"text":"Eagle Environmental, Inc","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":311977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Greenwood, R. J.","contributorId":74326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greenwood","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ivan, Jacob S.","contributorId":200243,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ivan","given":"Jacob S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smith, Karen A.","contributorId":77477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Karen","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":1015307,"text":"1015307 - 2003 - Evaluation of the eastern (Centrocercus urophasianus urophasianus) and western (Centrocercus urophasianus phaios) subspecies of Sage-grouse using mitochondrial control-region sequence data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-16T20:44:06","indexId":"1015307","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1324,"text":"Conservation Genetics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of the eastern (Centrocercus urophasianus urophasianus) and western (Centrocercus urophasianus phaios) subspecies of Sage-grouse using mitochondrial control-region sequence data","docAbstract":"The status of Sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) is of increasing concern, as populations throughout its range have contracted as a result of habitat loss and degradation. Historically, Sage-grouse were classified into two subspecies: eastern(C. u. urophasianus) and western Sage-grouse (C. u. phaios) based on slight differences in coloration noted among eight individuals sampled from Washington, Oregon, and California. We sequenced a rapidly evolving portion of the mitochondrial control region in 332 birds from 16 populations. Although our sampling area covers the proposed boundary between the eastern and western subspecies, no genetic evidence to support the delineation of these subspecies was found. However, a population straddling southwestern Nevada and eastern California was found to contain an unusually high proportion of unique haplotypes, consistent with its genetic isolation from other Sage-grouse populations. Of additional interest was the lack of diversity in the two populations sampled from Washington, one of which contained only a single haplotype. We suggest that multiple lines of evidence are valuable for the formulation of conservation strategies and hence the southwestern Nevada/eastern California population merits further morphological, behavioral, and molecular investigation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1023/A:1024089618546","usgsCitation":"Benedict, N., Oyler-McCance, S., Taylor, S., and Braun, C., 2003, Evaluation of the eastern (Centrocercus urophasianus urophasianus) and western (Centrocercus urophasianus phaios) subspecies of Sage-grouse using mitochondrial control-region sequence data: Conservation Genetics, v. 4, no. 3, p. 301-310, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1024089618546.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"301","endPage":"310","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132950,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5fa51d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Benedict, N.G.","contributorId":90681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benedict","given":"N.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Oyler-McCance, S.J.","contributorId":75877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oyler-McCance","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Taylor, S.E.","contributorId":30948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"S.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Braun, C.E.","contributorId":57421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Braun","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":1015339,"text":"1015339 - 2003 - Small mammals within riparian habitats of a regulated and unregulated aridland river","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-17T11:33:27","indexId":"1015339","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3746,"text":"Western North American Naturalist","onlineIssn":"1944-8341","printIssn":"1527-0904","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Small mammals within riparian habitats of a regulated and unregulated aridland river","docAbstract":"In northwestern Colorado, flow regulation on the Green River has created a transitional plant community that features encroachment by upland vegetation into cottonwood (Populus fremontii)-dominated, riparian forest on topographically high floodplain sites and reduced cottonwood regeneration on low floodplain sites. To assess how these changes might have affected small mammal distributions, in 1994 and 1995 we live-trapped during periods surrounding spring flooding at 3 sites: above and below the confluence of the regulated Green River and at the ecologically similar, but unregulated, Yampa River (reference site). More species were captured at the most regulated site along the Green River above its confluence with the Yampa River. Within sites, more species were captured in riparian habitats than adjacent upland habitats. Despite river regulation-induced habitat changes, we did not detect changes in species distributions within low and high floodplain habitat for Peromyscus maniculatus or Microtus montanus, but changes may have occurred for Dipodomys ordii. The total effect of regulation-induced habitat change on small mammal populations may not be fully revealed until current, mature cottonwood forests disappear and associated woody debris decomposes.
The Colorado River has experienced dramatic physical and biological change. Rated as the fifth largest river in the USA by volume, today its waters seldom reach the sea. Water diversions gradually reduce its flow to a point where its last remaining waters are diverted at Morales Dam leaving nearly 100 km of historic channel dry. In contrast, lower basin storage reservoirs cover 36% of the historic channel. Remaining portions of the flowing river have been channelized and straightened to a point where it now resembles a large canal. Levees, mechanical dredging, and the natural forces of erosion have degraded the river channel nearly 2 m in some locations, isolating it from its floodplain and affecting local water tables. The river no longer functions as a natural stream system characteristic of spring run-off, summer spates, and droughts. Today it serves as a water storage and conveyance system to meet human needs.
\nPhysical change has been severe, but not as devastating as the biological pollution. More than 80 nonnative fish species have been introduced to the lower basin. Today, over 20 fish species have established, many forming economically important sport fisheries. As these alien species expanded their range, native communities rapidly declined and disappeared from much of their historic range. By 1930, most had become rare. The last remnant populations of bonytail, razorback sucker, and Colorado pikeminnow in the lower basin were taken downstream of Davis Dam during the 1960’s and 1970’s. Today, Colorado pikeminnow, and it appears, wild bonytail are extirpated downstream of Glen Canyon Dam, and wild razorback suckers are extremely rare. The Colorado River and its fish assemblage is a totally different ecosystem than it was a century ago.
\nState and federal agencies have been attempting to reestablish native communities for nearly three decades. More than 12 million razorback suckers, most of them small, were stocked between 1981 and 1991. Few of these fish survived and during the past decade managers have switched to stocking larger suckers to improve survival. Since 1995, nearly 18,000 bonytail and 30,000 large razorback suckers have been stocked in Lake Havasu. There was also a single stocking (611) of flannelmouth suckers in 1976. These programs have produced mixed results. The single introduction of flannelmouth sucker has resulted in a thriving community, estimated at more than 4,000 fish. This success spirited hopes by many that other natives would respond similarly but unfortunately, that has not occurred.
\nInitial stocking returns suggest that stocking survival of bonytail and razorback sucker is relatively poor (<12%) and the absence of any detectable recruitment indicates present reintroduction efforts are falling short of anticipated survival or potential recovery. In contrast, the single introduction of wild flannelmouth sucker, out-performed millions of hatchery produced razorback sucker. This suggests hatchery reared fish may be inferior to wild fish in terms of survival skills, which has been found to be the case for terrestrial animal introductions. A review of culturing, stocking, and repatriation techniques is warranted which examines ways to better prepare fish to convert to natural foods, recognize predators, and be physically conditioned to cope with currents and hopefully avoid or escape predators.
\nComparison of flannelmouth sucker success and the razorback sucker’s failure provides compelling evidence that helps explain the dramatic physical habitat changes that have occurred and the possible role of habitat selection and predator communities. It mimics conditions observed in portions of the upper basin where flannelmouth suckers are still common but razorback suckers have been extirpated. Both sucker species are successfully spawning in the lower basin, however, recruitment can only be detected for flannelmouth. Habitat preference and associated predation pressure of those habitats appear to be the primary factors responsible for recruitment. Flannelmouth suckers prefer channel habitat that supports a fraction of the predators found in off-channel habitats where razorback suckers reside. The dependence of razorback sucker young on slack water habitat puts the species at a much higher predation risk.
\nThrough a process of trial and error during the past two decades, managers are now stocking large natives to increase their survival. Small native fish simply have not survived. While this improves short-term stocking survival, it ignores or at least delays dealing with the predation issue. Current stocking programs have reestablished or augmented relatively small populations of bonytail, razorback, and flannelmouth suckers between Davis and Parker Dams. All three species are better off than they were a decade ago in this section of the river. Unfortunately, bonytail and razorback sucker will only maintain a presence in the Colorado River main stem through continued stocking and it remains to be seen if management agencies will make that long-term commitment.
\nWhile the gains for the bonytail and razorback sucker have been difficult, the successful reintroduction of flannelmouth sucker highlights the ecological changes that have taken place and suggests this, and possibly other channel oriented species (i.e., Gila robusta) could be established. In contrast, there is no evidence to suggest we can expect similar recruitment or expansions for bonytail and razorback sucker. Their dependence on slack water habitat leaves their young vulnerable to overwhelming predation.
\nRecovery in the main stem will only be accomplished with a dramatic decrease and possibly a total removal of nonnative species. After ten years and over $6 million in expenditures to remove nonnative fish it appears this philosophy is neither technically nor politically viable. In the meantime, stocking is the only alternative available to insure these species don’t disappear. The only viable option appears the creation and maintenance of small, isolated refuge communities where these species have shown they can produce young.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Denver, CO","doi":"10.3133/ofr2003288","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation, Arizona State University, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and California Fish and Game Department","usgsCitation":"Mueller, G., 2003, The Role of stocking in the reestablishment and augmentation of native fish in the Lower Colorado River mainstream (1998-2002): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-288, vi, 43 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr2003288.","productDescription":"vi, 43 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":177921,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr2003288.PNG"},{"id":320295,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0288/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, California, Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Colorado River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.60937499999999,\n 35.263561862152095\n ],\n [\n -114.60662841796875,\n 35.14237113713991\n ],\n [\n -114.6697998046875,\n 35.10193405724606\n ],\n [\n -114.63409423828125,\n 35.068221159859256\n ],\n [\n -114.6533203125,\n 35.03224538129597\n ],\n [\n -114.6697998046875,\n 34.872411827691025\n ],\n [\n -114.49676513671875,\n 34.687427949314845\n ],\n [\n -114.41436767578124,\n 34.522398580663314\n ],\n [\n -114.43634033203125,\n 34.447688696497444\n ],\n [\n -114.17816162109375,\n 34.29579932143427\n ],\n [\n -114.3402099609375,\n 34.15499986715356\n ],\n [\n -114.3017578125,\n 34.125447565116126\n ],\n [\n -114.1094970703125,\n 34.261756524459805\n ],\n [\n -114.0765380859375,\n 34.30714385628804\n ],\n [\n -114.32373046875,\n 34.4793919710481\n ],\n [\n -114.35943603515625,\n 34.54049998801135\n ],\n [\n -114.40887451171875,\n 34.617387052407175\n ],\n [\n -114.45281982421875,\n 34.732584206123626\n ],\n [\n -114.49676513671875,\n 34.856636719051735\n ],\n [\n -114.60113525390625,\n 34.89043681762452\n ],\n [\n -114.58740234375,\n 35.05698043137265\n ],\n [\n -114.55169677734375,\n 35.11766197360177\n ],\n [\n -114.54620361328125,\n 35.22767235493586\n ],\n [\n -114.56268310546874,\n 35.26580442886754\n ],\n [\n -114.60937499999999,\n 35.263561862152095\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67ac4d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mueller, Gordon","contributorId":7729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mueller","given":"Gordon","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":246889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1015292,"text":"1015292 - 2003 - A nested-intensity design for surveying plant diversity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-30T18:03:12","indexId":"1015292","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1006,"text":"Biodiversity and Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A nested-intensity design for surveying plant diversity","docAbstract":"Managers of natural landscapes need cost-efficient, accurate, and precise systems to inventory plant diversity. We investigated a nested-intensity sampling design to assess local and landscape-scale heterogeneity of plant species richness in aspen stands in southern Colorado, USA. The nested-intensity design used three vegetation sampling techniques: the Modified-Whittaker, a 1000-m2 multiple-scale plot (n = 8); a 100-m2 multiple-scale Intensive plot (n = 15); and a 100-m2 single-scale Extensive plot (n = 28). The large Modified-Whittaker plot (1000 m2) recorded greater species richness per plot than the other two sampling techniques (P < 0.001), estimated cover of a greater number of species in 1-m2 subplots (P < 0.018), and captured 32 species missed by the smaller, more numerous 100-m2 plots of the other designs. The Intensive plots extended the environmental gradient sampled, capturing 17 species missed by the other techniques, and improved species–area calculations. The greater number of Extensive plots further expanded the gradient sampled, and captured 18 additional species. The multi-scale Modified-Whittaker and Intensive designs allowed quantification of the slopes of species–area curves in the single-scale Extensive plots. Multiple linear regressions were able to predict the slope of species–area curves (adj R2 = 0.64, P < 0.001) at each Extensive plot, allowing comparison of species richness at each sample location. Comparison of species–accumulation curves generated with each technique suggested that small, single-scale plot techniques might be very misleading because they underestimate species richness by missing locally rare species at every site. A combination of large and small multi-scale and single-scale plots greatly improves our understanding of native and exotic plant diversity patterns.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1023/A:1021939010065","usgsCitation":"Barnett, D., and Stohlgren, T., 2003, A nested-intensity design for surveying plant diversity: Biodiversity and Conservation, v. 12, no. 2, p. 255-278, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1021939010065.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"255","endPage":"278","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132536,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ade30","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barnett, D.T.","contributorId":99504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnett","given":"D.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stohlgren, T.J.","contributorId":7217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stohlgren","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}