{"pageNumber":"2861","pageRowStart":"71500","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184606,"records":[{"id":70025183,"text":"70025183 - 2003 - Survey methods for assessing land cover map accuracy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:28","indexId":"70025183","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1573,"text":"Environmental and Ecological Statistics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Survey methods for assessing land cover map accuracy","docAbstract":"The increasing availability of digital photographic materials has fueled efforts by agencies and organizations to generate land cover maps for states, regions, and the United States as a whole. Regardless of the information sources and classification methods used, land cover maps are subject to numerous sources of error. In order to understand the quality of the information contained in these maps, it is desirable to generate statistically valid estimates of accuracy rates describing misclassification errors. We explored a full sample survey framework for creating accuracy assessment study designs that balance statistical and operational considerations in relation to study objectives for a regional assessment of GAP land cover maps. We focused not only on appropriate sample designs and estimation approaches, but on aspects of the data collection process, such as gaining cooperation of land owners and using pixel clusters as an observation unit. The approach was tested in a pilot study to assess the accuracy of Iowa GAP land cover maps. A stratified two-stage cluster sampling design addressed sample size requirements for land covers and the need for geographic spread while minimizing operational effort. Recruitment methods used for private land owners yielded high response rates, minimizing a source of nonresponse error. Collecting data for a 9-pixel cluster centered on the sampled pixel was simple to implement, and provided better information on rarer vegetation classes as well as substantial gains in precision relative to observing data at a single-pixel.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental and Ecological Statistics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1023/A:1025107023980","issn":"13528505","usgsCitation":"Nusser, S., and Klaas, E., 2003, Survey methods for assessing land cover map accuracy: Environmental and Ecological Statistics, v. 10, no. 3, p. 309-331, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1025107023980.","startPage":"309","endPage":"331","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209338,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1025107023980"},{"id":235651,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba28ae4b08c986b31f79b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nusser, S.M.","contributorId":49302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nusser","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Klaas, Erwin E.","contributorId":21487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klaas","given":"Erwin E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70025187,"text":"70025187 - 2003 - Bacterial transport experiments in fractured crystalline bedrock","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-19T09:07:43","indexId":"70025187","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bacterial transport experiments in fractured crystalline bedrock","docAbstract":"The efficiency of contaminant biodegradation in ground water depends, in part, on the transport properties of the degrading bacteria. Few data exist concerning the transport of bacteria in saturated bedrock, particularly at the field scale. Bacteria and microsphere tracer experiments were conducted in a fractured crystalline bedrock under forced-gradient conditions over a distance of 36 m. Bacteria isolated from the local ground water were chosen on the basis of physicochemical and physiological differences (shape, cell-wall type, motility), and were differentially stained so that their transport behavior could be compared. No two bacterial strains transported in an identical manner, and microspheres produced distinctly different breakthrough curves than bacteria. Although there was insufficient control in this field experiment to completely separate the effects of bacteria shape, reaction to Gram staining, cell size, and motility on transport efficiency, it was observed that (1) the nonmotile, mutant strain exhibited better fractional recovery than the motile parent strain; (2) Gram-negative rod-shaped bacteria exhibited higher fractional recovery relative to the Gram-positive rod-shaped strain of similar size; and (3) coccoidal (spherical-shaped) bacteria transported better than all but one strain of the rod-shaped bacteria. The field experiment must be interpreted in the context of the specific bacterial strains and ground water environment in which they were conducted, but experimental results suggest that minor differences in the physical properties of bacteria can lead to major differences in transport behavior at the field scale.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2003.tb02406.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Becker, M., Metge, D., Collins, S., Shapiro, A., and Harvey, R., 2003, Bacterial transport experiments in fractured crystalline bedrock: Ground Water, v. 41, no. 5, p. 682-689, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2003.tb02406.x.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"682","endPage":"689","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":209355,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2003.tb02406.x"},{"id":235688,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ef9be4b0c8380cd4a34a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Becker, M.W.","contributorId":35896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Becker","given":"M.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Metge, D.W.","contributorId":51477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Metge","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Collins, S.A.","contributorId":63947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collins","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shapiro, A.M. 0000-0002-6425-9607","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6425-9607","contributorId":88384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shapiro","given":"A.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":404164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Harvey, R.W. 0000-0002-2791-8503","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2791-8503","contributorId":11757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"R.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70025204,"text":"70025204 - 2003 - Predation of caterpillars on understory saplings in an Ozark forest","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-17T14:34:56","indexId":"70025204","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3444,"text":"Southeastern Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predation of caterpillars on understory saplings in an Ozark forest","docAbstract":"Predators of caterpillars (Lepidoptera larvae) can indirectly enhance economic gains from plant resources by reducing herbivore damage to plants. For this study, we directly observed predation of caterpillars on understory trees in the Ozarks. Our objectives were to determine the relative importance of diurnal guilds of caterpillar predators, the time of day most diurnal predation events occur, and whether predators spend more time feeding in open or closed canopy areas. Once per month, June-September, we tethered caterpillars to understory saplings and recorded all predation events. Only invertebrate predators were observed feeding on caterpillars, and most predation events were attributed to ants and vespids (wasps, hornets and yellow jackets). Predation by vertebrate predators such as birds, small mammals, reptiles and amphibians was not observed. Most predation events took place at mid-day between 1200 and 1600 hrs. Predation pressure differed significantly over the four observation dates with peak ant predation in July and peak vespid predation in September. Canopy environment appeared to influence predation events as there was a trend towards higher vespid predation of caterpillars on open canopy as opposed to closed canopy saplings. Ants and vespids accounted for 90% of observed predation events; therefore they appear to be important predators of caterpillars during the summer months. Future studies at earlier sampling dates would be valuable in determining whether the relative importance of other diurnal guilds of caterpillar predators might be greater in the spring.","language":"English","publisher":"BioOne","doi":"10.1656/1528-7092(2003)002[0423:POCOUS]2.0.CO;2","issn":"15287092","usgsCitation":"Lichtenberg, J., and Lichtenberg, D., 2003, Predation of caterpillars on understory saplings in an Ozark forest: Southeastern Naturalist, v. 2, no. 3, p. 423-432, https://doi.org/10.1656/1528-7092(2003)002[0423:POCOUS]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"423","endPage":"432","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235957,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas","otherGeospatial":"Bear Hollow Natural Area, Madison County Wildlife Management Area","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -93.73552322387694,\n              36.1191569279629\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.69037628173828,\n              36.1191569279629\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.69037628173828,\n              36.16324059582764\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.73552322387694,\n              36.16324059582764\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.73552322387694,\n              36.1191569279629\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"2","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8158e4b0c8380cd7b4af","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lichtenberg, J.S.","contributorId":67449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lichtenberg","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lichtenberg, D.A.","contributorId":26850,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lichtenberg","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70025157,"text":"70025157 - 2003 - Two distinct phylogenetic clades of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus overlap within the Columbia River basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-28T15:12:09","indexId":"70025157","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1396,"text":"Diseases of Aquatic Organisms","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Two distinct phylogenetic clades of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus overlap within the Columbia River basin","docAbstract":"<p>Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV), an aquatic rhabdovirus, causes a highly lethal disease of salmonid fish in North America. To evaluate the genetic diversity of IHNV from throughout the Columbia River basin, excluding the Hagerman Valley, Idaho, the sequences of a 303 nt region of the glycoprotein gene (mid-G) of 120 virus isolates were determined. Sequence comparisons revealed 30 different sequence types, with a maximum nucleotide diversity of 7.3% (22 mismatches) and an intrapopulational nucleotide diversity of 0.018. This indicates that the genetic diversity of IHNV within the Columbia River basin is 3-fold higher than in Alaska, but 2-fold lower than in the Hagerman Valley, Idaho. Phylogenetic analyses separated the Columbia River basin IHNV isolates into 2 major clades, designated U and M. The 2 clades geographically overlapped within the lower Columbia River basin and in the lower Snake River and tributaries, while the upper Columbia River basin had only U clade and the upper Snake River basin had only M clade virus types. These results suggest that there are co-circulating lineages of IHNV present within specific areas of the Columbia River basin. The epidemiological significance of these findings provided insight into viral traffic patterns exhibited by IHNV in the Columbia River basin, with specific relevance to how the Columbia River basin IHNV types were related to those in the Hagerman Valley. These analyses indicate that there have likely been 2 historical events in which Hagerman Valley IHNV types were introduced and became established in the lower Columbia River basin. However, the data also clearly indicates that the Hagerman Valley is not a continuous source of waterborne virus infecting salmonid stocks downstream.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research","doi":"10.3354/dao055187","issn":"01775103","usgsCitation":"Garver, K., Troyer, R., and Kurath, G., 2003, Two distinct phylogenetic clades of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus overlap within the Columbia River basin: Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, v. 55, no. 3, p. 187-203, https://doi.org/10.3354/dao055187.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"187","endPage":"203","numberOfPages":"17","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478400,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/dao055187","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":235805,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":265891,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.int-res.com/abstracts/dao/v55/n3/p187-203/"}],"volume":"55","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb94ee4b08c986b327bbc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Garver, K.A.","contributorId":42766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garver","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Troyer, R.M.","contributorId":63592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Troyer","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kurath, Gael 0000-0003-3294-560X gkurath@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3294-560X","contributorId":100522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kurath","given":"Gael","email":"gkurath@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":404038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70025198,"text":"70025198 - 2003 - Determination of epsomite-hexahydrite equilibria by the humidity-buffer technique at 0.1 MPa with implications for phase equilibria in the system MgSO4-H2O","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-17T13:18:39.087892","indexId":"70025198","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":912,"text":"Astrobiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determination of epsomite-hexahydrite equilibria by the humidity-buffer technique at 0.1 MPa with implications for phase equilibria in the system MgSO4-H2O","docAbstract":"<div class=\"col-sm-8 col-md-8 article__content\"><div class=\"article__body \"><div class=\"hlFld-Abstract\"><div class=\"abstractSection abstractInFull\"><p>Epsomite (MgSO<sub>4</sub>·7H<sub>2</sub>O) and hexahydrite (MgSO<sub>4</sub>·6H<sub>2</sub>O) are common minerals found in marine evaporite deposits, in saline lakes as precipitates, in weathering zones of coal and metallic deposits, in some soils and their efflorescences, and possibly on the surface of Europa as evaporite deposits. Thermodynamic properties of these two minerals reported in the literature are in poor agreement. In this study, epsomite-hexahydrite equilibria were determined along four humidity-buffer curves at 0.1 MPa and between 25 and 45°C. Results obtained for the reaction epsomite = hexahydrite + H<sub>2</sub>O, as demonstrated by very tight reversals along each humidity buffer, can be represented by ln<span>&nbsp;</span><i>K</i>(± 0.012) = 20.001 - 7182.07/<i>T</i>, where<span>&nbsp;</span><i>K</i><span>&nbsp;</span>is the equilibrium constant, and<span>&nbsp;</span><i>T</i><span>&nbsp;</span>is temperature in Kelvin. The derived standard Gibbs free energy of reaction is 10.13 ± 0.07 kJ/mol, which is essentially the same value as that calculated from vapor pressure measurements reported in the literature. However, this value is at least 0.8 kJ/mol lower than those calculated from the data derived mostly from calorimetric measurements.</p></div></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. Publishers","doi":"10.1089/153110703322610708","issn":"15311074","usgsCitation":"Chou, I., and Seal, R.R., 2003, Determination of epsomite-hexahydrite equilibria by the humidity-buffer technique at 0.1 MPa with implications for phase equilibria in the system MgSO4-H2O: Astrobiology, v. 3, no. 3, p. 619-630, https://doi.org/10.1089/153110703322610708.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"619","endPage":"630","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235882,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ffa4e4b0c8380cd4f2dd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chou, I.-M. 0000-0001-5233-6479","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5233-6479","contributorId":44283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chou","given":"I.-M.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":404206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Seal, Robert R. rseal@usgs.gov","contributorId":127495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seal","given":"Robert","email":"rseal@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":404207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70025192,"text":"70025192 - 2003 - Interannual growth dynamics of vegetation in the Kuparuk River watershed, Alaska based on the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-06T11:59:50","indexId":"70025192","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2068,"text":"International Journal of Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interannual growth dynamics of vegetation in the Kuparuk River watershed, Alaska based on the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index","docAbstract":"Interannual above-ground production patterns are characterized for three tundra ecosystems in the Kuparuk River watershed of Alaska using NOAA-AVHRR Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data. NDVI values integrated over each growing season (SINDVI) were used to represent seasonal production patterns between 1989 and 1996. Spatial differences in ecosystem production were expected to follow north-south climatic and soil gradients, while interannual differences in production were expected to vary with variations in seasonal precipitation and temperature. It was hypothesized that the increased vegetation growth in high latitudes between 1981 and 1991 previously reported would continue through the period of investigation for the study watershed. Zonal differences in vegetation production were confirmed but interannual variations did not covary with seasonal precipitation or temperature totals. A sharp reduction in the SINDVI in 1992 followed by a consistent increase up to 1996 led to a further hypothesis that the interannual variations in SINDVI were associated with variations in stratospheric optical depth. Using published stratospheric optical depth values derived from the SAGE and SAGE-II satellites, it is demonstrated that variations in these depths are likely the primary cause of SINDVI interannual variability.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Remote Sensing","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1080/0143116021000021170","issn":"01431161","usgsCitation":"Hope, A., Boynton, W., Stow, D., and Douglas, D., 2003, Interannual growth dynamics of vegetation in the Kuparuk River watershed, Alaska based on the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index: International Journal of Remote Sensing, v. 24, no. 17, p. 3413-3425, https://doi.org/10.1080/0143116021000021170.","startPage":"3413","endPage":"3425","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235769,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209388,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0143116021000021170"}],"volume":"24","issue":"17","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-11-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3ce6e4b0c8380cd63136","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hope, A.S.","contributorId":51076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hope","given":"A.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boynton, W.L.","contributorId":7062,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boynton","given":"W.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stow, D.A.","contributorId":44336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stow","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Douglas, David C. 0000-0003-0186-1104 ddouglas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0186-1104","contributorId":150115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Douglas","given":"David C.","email":"ddouglas@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":404180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70025196,"text":"70025196 - 2003 - Age constraints on Tarkwaian palaeoplacer and lode-gold formation in the Tarkwa-Damang district, SW Ghana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:28","indexId":"70025196","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2746,"text":"Mineralium Deposita","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Age constraints on Tarkwaian palaeoplacer and lode-gold formation in the Tarkwa-Damang district, SW Ghana","docAbstract":"Two major epigenetic gold-forming events are recorded in the world-class gold province of southwest Ghana. A pre-Tarkwaian event was the source of the world-class Tarkwa palaeoplacers whereas post-Birimian and Tarkwaian deformation, which was related to the Eburnean orogeny, gave rise to the world-class (e.g. Prestea) to giant (e.g. Obuasi) orogenic gold deposits which have made the region famous for more than 2,500 years. A maximum age of 2133 ?? 4 Ma for Tarkwaian sedimentation is provided by 71 of 111 concordant SHRIMP II U Pb dates from detrital zircons in Tarkwaian clastic rocks from Damang and Bippo Bin, northeast of Tarkwa. The overall data distribution broadly overlaps the relatively poorly constrained ages of Birimian volcanism and associated Dixcove-type granitoid emplacement, indicating syntectonic development of the Tarkwaian sedimentary basin. These zircon ages argue against derivation of the palaeoplacer gold from an orogenic gold source related to the compressional phase of an orogeny significantly older than the Eburnean orogeny. Instead, they suggest that the gold source was either orogenic gold lodes related to an earlier compressional phase of a diachronous Eburnean orogeny or ca. 2200-2100 Ma intrusion-related gold lode. The CO2-rich fluid inclusions in associated vein-quartz pebbles are permissive of either source. At the Damang deposit, an epigenetic, orogenic lode-gold system clearly overprinted, and sulphidised low-grade palaeoplacer hematite magnetite gold occurrences in the Banket Series conglomerate within the Tarkwaian sedimentary sequence. Gold mineralisation is demonstrably post-peak metamorphism, as gold-related alteration assemblages overprint metamorphic assemblages in host rocks. In alteration zones surrounding the dominant, subhorizontal auriferous quartz veins, there are rare occurrences of hydrothermal xenotime which give a SHRIMP U Pb age of 2063 ?? 9 Ma for gold mineralisation. The similar structural timing of epigenetic gold mineralisation in Tarkwaian host rocks at Damang to that in mainly Birimian host rocks elsewhere in southwest Ghana, particularly at Obuasi, suggests that 2063 ?? 9 Ma is the best available age estimate for widespread orogenic gold mineralisation in the region. Argon-argon ages of 2029 ?? 4 and 2034 ?? 4 Ma for hydrothermal biotite from auriferous quartz veins appear to represent uplift and cooling of the region below about 300??C, as estimates of the temperature of gold mineralisation are higher, at around 400??C. If peak metamorphism, with temperatures of about 550??C, is assumed to have occurred at about 2100 Ma, the biotite ages, in combination with the xenotime age, suggest a broadly constant uplift rate for the region of about 1 km per 10 million years from about 2100 to 2025 Ma.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mineralium Deposita","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00126-003-0360-5","issn":"00264598","usgsCitation":"Pigois, J., Groves, D., Fletcher, I., McNaughton, N., and Snee, L., 2003, Age constraints on Tarkwaian palaeoplacer and lode-gold formation in the Tarkwa-Damang district, SW Ghana: Mineralium Deposita, v. 38, no. 6, p. 695-714, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00126-003-0360-5.","startPage":"695","endPage":"714","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235844,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209420,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00126-003-0360-5"}],"volume":"38","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-05-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e8e6e4b0c8380cd47f69","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pigois, J.-P.","contributorId":12251,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pigois","given":"J.-P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Groves, D.I.","contributorId":73616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Groves","given":"D.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fletcher, I.R.","contributorId":99346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fletcher","given":"I.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McNaughton, N.J.","contributorId":55606,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McNaughton","given":"N.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Snee, L.W.","contributorId":99981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snee","given":"L.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70026480,"text":"70026480 - 2003 - Biochemical composition of three algal species proposed as food for captive freshwater mussels","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:21","indexId":"70026480","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2170,"text":"Journal of Applied Phycology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Biochemical composition of three algal species proposed as food for captive freshwater mussels","docAbstract":"To identify potential diets for rearing captive freshwater mussels, the protein, carbohydrate (CHO), and lipid contents of two green algae, Neochloris oleoabundans, Bracteacoccus grandis, and one diatom, Phaeodactylum tricornutum, were compared at different growth stages. The fatty acid and sterol composition were also identified. Protein was greatest (55-70%) for all species at late log growth stage (LL), and declined in late stationary (LS) growth. CHO was greatest at LS stage for all species (33.9-56.4% dry wt). No significant change in lipid levels occurred with growth stage, but tended to increase in N. oleoabundans. Mean lipid content differed significantly in the order: N. oleoabundans > P. tricornutum > B. grandis. Total fatty acids (TFA) were higher at LS stage compared to other stages in the two green algae, and stationary stage in the diatom. Mean unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) as %TFA was significantly higher in N. oleoabundans than the other species. The green algae contained high percentages of C-18 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), while the diatom was abundant in C-16 saturated and mono-unsaturated fatty acids and C-20 PUFA fatty acids. Growth stage had no effect on sterol concentration of any species. B. grandis showed significantly higher sterol levels than the other species except P. tricornutum at S stage. B. grandis was characterized by predominantly ??5, C-29 sterols, while N. oleoabundans synthesized ??5,7, ??5,7,22, and ??7, C-28 sterols. P. tricornutum produced primarily a ??5,22, C-28 sterol, and a small amount of a ??7,22, C-28 sterol.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Applied Phycology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1023/A:1022929423011","issn":"09218971","usgsCitation":"Gatenby, C., Orcutt, D., Kreeger, D., Parker, B., Jones, V., and Neves, R.J., 2003, Biochemical composition of three algal species proposed as food for captive freshwater mussels: Journal of Applied Phycology, v. 15, no. 1, p. 1-11, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022929423011.","startPage":"1","endPage":"11","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208556,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1022929423011"},{"id":234375,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f141e4b0c8380cd4ab21","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gatenby, C.M.","contributorId":31334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gatenby","given":"C.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Orcutt, D.M.","contributorId":97680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orcutt","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kreeger, D.A.","contributorId":35921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kreeger","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Parker, B.C.","contributorId":92466,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parker","given":"B.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jones, V.A.","contributorId":101057,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"V.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Neves, R. J.","contributorId":30936,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neves","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70026481,"text":"70026481 - 2003 - Trace metals in ribbed mussels from Arthur Kill, New York/New Jersey, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:21","indexId":"70026481","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2676,"text":"Marine Pollution Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Trace metals in ribbed mussels from Arthur Kill, New York/New Jersey, USA","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Pollution Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0025-326X(02)00312-0","issn":"0025326X","usgsCitation":"Paulson, A., Sharack, B., and Zdanowicz, V., 2003, Trace metals in ribbed mussels from Arthur Kill, New York/New Jersey, USA: Marine Pollution Bulletin, v. 46, no. 1, p. 139-145, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-326X(02)00312-0.","startPage":"139","endPage":"145","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208557,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0025-326X(02)00312-0"},{"id":234376,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"46","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb674e4b08c986b326c9a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paulson, A.J. apaulson@usgs.gov","contributorId":89617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paulson","given":"A.J.","email":"apaulson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sharack, B.","contributorId":72570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sharack","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zdanowicz, V.","contributorId":10584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zdanowicz","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1003723,"text":"1003723 - 2003 - Chytridiomycosis in wild frogs from southern Costa Rica","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-21T17:06:59.986754","indexId":"1003723","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2334,"text":"Journal of Herpetology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chytridiomycosis in wild frogs from southern Costa Rica","docAbstract":"<p>In<span>&nbsp;1993, the amphibian fauna of Las Tablas,&nbsp;</span>Costa<span>&nbsp;</span>Rica<span>, began to decline, and by 1998 approximately 50% of the species formerly present could no longer be found. Three years later, at the Reserva Forestal Fortuna,&nbsp;</span>in<span>&nbsp;western Panama, a site approximately 75 km east southeast of Las Tablas, KRL encountered a mass die-off of amphibians and a subsequent decline&nbsp;</span>in<span>&nbsp;abundance and species richness. The epidemiological features of the anuran population declines and die-offs at both sites were similar, suggesting a similar cause. Herein we document the presence of the fungus, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis,&nbsp;</span>in<span>&nbsp;dead and dying&nbsp;</span>wild<span>&nbsp;</span>frogs<span>&nbsp;collected at Las Tablas just prior to population declines of several anuran species.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"BioOne","doi":"10.1670/0022-1511(2003)037[0215:CIWFFS]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Lips, K.R., Green, D.E., and Papendick, R., 2003, Chytridiomycosis in wild frogs from southern Costa Rica: Journal of Herpetology, v. 37, no. 1, p. 215-218, https://doi.org/10.1670/0022-1511(2003)037[0215:CIWFFS]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"215","endPage":"218","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":388276,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Costa Rica","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"id\":\"32\",\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Costa Rica\"},\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-82.96578,8.22503],[-83.50844,8.44693],[-83.71147,8.65684],[-83.59631,8.83044],[-83.63264,9.05139],[-83.90989,9.2908],[-84.3034,9.48735],[-84.64764,9.61554],[-84.71335,9.90805],[-84.97566,10.08672],[-84.91137,9.79599],[-85.11092,9.55704],[-85.33949,9.83454],[-85.66079,9.93335],[-85.79744,10.13489],[-85.79171,10.43934],[-85.65931,10.75433],[-85.94173,10.89528],[-85.71254,11.08844],[-85.56185,11.21712],[-84.903,10.9523],[-84.67307,11.08266],[-84.35593,10.99923],[-84.19018,10.79345],[-83.89505,10.72684],[-83.65561,10.93876],[-83.40232,10.39544],[-83.01568,9.99298],[-82.5462,9.56613],[-82.93289,9.47681],[-82.92715,9.07433],[-82.71918,8.92571],[-82.86866,8.80727],[-82.82977,8.6263],[-82.91318,8.42352],[-82.96578,8.22503],[-82.96578,8.22503]]]}}]}","volume":"37","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dde4b07f02db5e204c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lips, Karen R.","contributorId":26258,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lips","given":"Karen","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Green, D. E. 0000-0002-7663-1832","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7663-1832","contributorId":58971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Papendick, R.","contributorId":86301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Papendick","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1003720,"text":"1003720 - 2003 - Determination of the median toxic dose of type C botulism in lactating dairy cows","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-17T13:45:33","indexId":"1003720","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2492,"text":"Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determination of the median toxic dose of type C botulism in lactating dairy cows","docAbstract":"Because of the difficulty in identifying botulinum toxin in cattle, it is hypothesized that cattle are sensitive to levels of toxin below the detection limits of current diagnostic techniques (the mouse protection bioassay and the immunostick enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA] for type C botulinum toxin). Using an up-down method for toxicologic testing, the median toxic dose (MTD50) for cattle was determined. Four lactating Holstein cows were dosed at 0.125 or 0.25 ng/kg with Clostridium botulinum type C toxin and failed to develop clinical signs of botulism during the 7-day observation period. Three cows given 0.50 ng/kg of toxin developed clinical signs of botulism. From these results, the MTD50 was calculated at 0.388 ng/kg (3.88 mouse lethal doses/kg) using the trim-logit method. These results suggest that cattle are 12.88 times more sensitive to type C botulinum toxin than a mouse on a per kilogram weight basis. The mouse protection bioassay and the immunostick ELISA for type C botulinum toxin failed to identify the presence of the toxin in the serum, blood, and milk samples taken from all 7 animals.","language":"English","publisher":"SAGE","doi":"10.1177/104063870301500603","usgsCitation":"Moeller, R., Puschner, B., Walker, R., Rocke, T.E., Galey, F., Cullor, J., and Ardans, A., 2003, Determination of the median toxic dose of type C botulism in lactating dairy cows: Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation, v. 15, no. 6, p. 523-526, https://doi.org/10.1177/104063870301500603.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"523","endPage":"526","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478429,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/104063870301500603","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":134017,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-11-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db6674f2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moeller, R.B. Jr.","contributorId":84718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moeller","given":"R.B.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Puschner, B.","contributorId":104013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Puschner","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Walker, R.L.","contributorId":27009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walker","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rocke, Tonie E. 0000-0003-3933-1563 trocke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3933-1563","contributorId":2665,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rocke","given":"Tonie","email":"trocke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":314038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Galey, F.D.","contributorId":82257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galey","given":"F.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cullor, J.S.","contributorId":107246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cullor","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ardans, A.A.","contributorId":38118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ardans","given":"A.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70025207,"text":"70025207 - 2003 - Phylogeny and genetic diversity of Bridgeoporus nobilissimus inferred using mitochondrial and nuclear rDNA sequences","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-22T17:34:12.621848","indexId":"70025207","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2798,"text":"Mycologia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Phylogeny and genetic diversity of <i>Bridgeoporus nobilissimus</i> inferred using mitochondrial and nuclear rDNA sequences","title":"Phylogeny and genetic diversity of Bridgeoporus nobilissimus inferred using mitochondrial and nuclear rDNA sequences","docAbstract":"<p>The genetic diversity and phylogeny of Bridgeoporus nobilissimus have been analyzed. DNA was extracted from spores collected from individual fruiting bodies representing six geographically distinct populations in Oregon and Washington. Spore samples collected contained low levels of bacteria, yeast and a filamentous fungal species. Using taxon-specific PCR primers, it was possible to discriminate among rDNA from bacteria, yeast, a filamentous associate and B. nobilissimus. Nuclear rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region sequences of B. nobilissimus were compared among individuals representing six populations and were found to have less than 2% variation. These sequences also were used to design dual and nested PCR primers for B. nobilissimus-specific amplification. Mitochondrial small-subunit rDNA sequences were used in a phylogenetic analysis that placed B. nobilissimus in the hymenochaetoid clade, where it was associated with Oxyporus and Schizopora.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/15572536.2004.11833043","issn":"00275514","usgsCitation":"Redberg, G., Hibbett, D., Ammirati, J., and Rodriguez, R.J., 2003, Phylogeny and genetic diversity of Bridgeoporus nobilissimus inferred using mitochondrial and nuclear rDNA sequences: Mycologia, v. 95, no. 5, p. 836-845, https://doi.org/10.1080/15572536.2004.11833043.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"836","endPage":"845","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":388317,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"95","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7a54e4b0c8380cd78e69","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Redberg, G.L.","contributorId":29621,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Redberg","given":"G.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hibbett, D.S.","contributorId":96468,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hibbett","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ammirati, J.F. Jr.","contributorId":34702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ammirati","given":"J.F.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rodriguez, R. J.","contributorId":53107,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rodriguez","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":1003785,"text":"1003785 - 2003 - Sarcocysts of an unidentified species of Sarcocystis in the sea otter (Enhydra lutris)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-13T12:15:12","indexId":"1003785","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2414,"text":"Journal of Parasitology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sarcocysts of an unidentified species of Sarcocystis in the sea otter (Enhydra lutris)","docAbstract":"<div class=\"div0\"><div class=\"row ArticleContentRow\"><p id=\"ID0EF\" class=\"first\">The number of<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"genus-species\">Sarcocystis</span><span>&nbsp;</span>species that infect sea otters (<span class=\"genus-species\">Enhydra lutris</span>) is unknown. Sea otter tissues were recently shown to harbor sarcocysts of<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"genus-species\">S. neurona</span><span>&nbsp;</span>and of unidentified species of<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"genus-species\">Sarcocystis</span>. Whereas sarcocysts of<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"genus-species\">S. neurona</span><span>&nbsp;</span>have walls 1–3 μm thick with type 9 villar protrusions, ultrastructure of a distinct thin-walled sarcocyst (0.5–0.7 μm thick) lacking villar protrusions, but instead exhibiting minute type 1 undulations on the sarcocyst wall, is described in this report. Parasites characterized from a sea otter infection were inferred to be related to, but distinct from, other species belonging to<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"genus-species\">Sarcocystis</span>, based on sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of a portion of the beta subunit of the plastid-encoded RNA polymerase gene.</p></div></div><div class=\"div1\"><div class=\"row ArticleContentRow\"><div id=\"article-body\" class=\"body\"><div class=\"section\"><br data-mce-bogus=\"1\"></div></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"BioOne","doi":"10.1645/0022-3395(2003)089[0397:SOAUSO]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Dubey, J., Lindsay, D.S., Rosenthal, B., and Thomas, N., 2003, Sarcocysts of an unidentified species of Sarcocystis in the sea otter (Enhydra lutris): Journal of Parasitology, v. 89, no. 2, p. 397-399, https://doi.org/10.1645/0022-3395(2003)089[0397:SOAUSO]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"397","endPage":"399","numberOfPages":"3","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478520,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10919/49084","text":"External Repository"},{"id":129715,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"89","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a03e4b07f02db5f8448","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dubey, J. P.","contributorId":80609,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dubey","given":"J. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lindsay, D. S.","contributorId":71132,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lindsay","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rosenthal, B.M.","contributorId":54150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenthal","given":"B.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thomas, N. J. 0000-0002-0161-0391","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0161-0391","contributorId":49731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"N. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":1001826,"text":"1001826 - 2003 - Body size and condition of male mallard during mid-winter in North Dakota, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-29T16:33:24.293402","indexId":"1001826","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3731,"text":"Waterbirds","onlineIssn":"19385390","printIssn":"15244695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Body size and condition of male mallard during mid-winter in North Dakota, USA","docAbstract":"<p><span>Mallard (</span><span class=\"genus-species\">Anas platyrhynchos</span><span>) may winter in northern areas if they have access to adequate food and open water. We compared individual body size (indexed by first principal component scores from three morphometric measurements) and body condition (body mass adjusted for body size) of male Mallard wintering in North Dakota, USA during 1996-99 with a baseline reference group of Mallard from Ontario, Canada measured during late summer. Size and condition of Mallard wintering in North Dakota was also compared, using a sample from a traditional wintering area in Arkansas, USA. Male Mallard body size and condition in North Dakota relative to weather severity during mid-winter was assessed. Body size of adult males in North Dakota was significantly greater than that of birds from Ontario, but similar to those from Arkansas. Adult males remaining in North Dakota during the coldest winter were not larger than those remaining in North Dakota during milder winters. Immature males in North Dakota were significantly smaller than those from Arkansas, and the former were not larger during the coldest winter. Body condition of adult males in North Dakota was greater than that of those from Ontario and Arkansas and mean body mass of adult males in North Dakota during winter was greater than that of those wintering elsewhere. Further, adult males in North Dakota were in the best condition during the coldest winter. Mean body condition of immature males in North Dakota was similar to that of those from Arkansas. Body mass of immatures in North Dakota was similar to that of immatures wintering elsewhere. These findings indicate that maintenance of high fat reserves, not large body size, is the primary factor allowing adult males to winter in the extremely cold conditions of North Dakota. The small size of immature males in North Dakota, combined with the lack of evidence of their superior condition as compared to those wintering elsewhere, suggests that immatures wintering in North Dakota are mainly late-hatched individuals that may not have been able to store sufficient fat reserves to migrate before freeze-up.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"BioOne","doi":"10.1675/1524-4695(2003)026[0449:BSACOM]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Olsen, R., and Cox, R.R., 2003, Body size and condition of male mallard during mid-winter in North Dakota, USA: Waterbirds, v. 26, no. 4, p. 449-456, https://doi.org/10.1675/1524-4695(2003)026[0449:BSACOM]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"449","endPage":"456","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":388632,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United  States","state":"North Dakota","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -104.150390625,\n              45.85941212790755\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.591796875,\n              45.85941212790755\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.591796875,\n              49.009050809382046\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.150390625,\n              49.009050809382046\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.150390625,\n              45.85941212790755\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"26","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1be4b07f02db607472","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Olsen, R.E.","contributorId":85125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olsen","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cox, R. R. Jr.","contributorId":57006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cox","given":"R.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70025392,"text":"70025392 - 2003 - Development of standards for evaluating the importance of contaminants environment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:59","indexId":"70025392","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3470,"text":"Standardization News","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Development of standards for evaluating the importance of contaminants environment","docAbstract":"Development of standards for evaluating the importance of contaminants environment was discussed. Committee E47 provided a forum for scientists and managers to meet twice yearly to debate and discuss approaches for conducting tests. The future for continued interactions between ASTM and EPA looked bright.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Standardization News","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"10944656","usgsCitation":"Canfield, T., and Ingersold, C., 2003, Development of standards for evaluating the importance of contaminants environment: Standardization News, v. 31, no. 7, p. 34-37.","startPage":"34","endPage":"37","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236003,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0066e4b0c8380cd4f743","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Canfield, T.J.","contributorId":9026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Canfield","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ingersold, C.G.","contributorId":54004,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingersold","given":"C.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70179828,"text":"70179828 - 2003 - The adaptive basis of developmental instability: A hypothesis and its implications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T15:06:29","indexId":"70179828","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"The adaptive basis of developmental instability: A hypothesis and its implications","docAbstract":"<p>Abstract not available&nbsp;</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Developmental instability: Causes and consequences","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford University Press","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","usgsCitation":"Emlen, J., Freeman, D., and Graham, J., 2003, The adaptive basis of developmental instability: A hypothesis and its implications, chap. <i>of</i> Developmental instability: Causes and consequences, p. 51-61.","productDescription":"11 p. ","startPage":"51","endPage":"61","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":333389,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58808d98e4b01dfadfff15ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Emlen, J.M.","contributorId":63979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Emlen","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Freeman, D.C.","contributorId":21309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freeman","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Graham, J.H.","contributorId":77322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graham","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70179855,"text":"70179855 - 2003 - Wind River watershed restoration 2000-2001","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-19T10:47:43","indexId":"70179855","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Wind River watershed restoration 2000-2001","docAbstract":"<p>Abstract not available&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Bonneville Power Administration","publisherLocation":"Portland, OR","usgsCitation":"Connolly, P., 2003, Wind River watershed restoration 2000-2001.","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":333431,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5881dee3e4b01192927d9fd1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Connolly, P.J.","contributorId":70141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Connolly","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":658961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70178153,"text":"70178153 - 2003 - Casual analysis and the evaluation of declining amphibian populations: Illustrative case studies","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70178153,"text":"70178153 - 2003 - Casual analysis and the evaluation of declining amphibian populations: Illustrative case studies","indexId":"70178153","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"chapter":"8A","title":"Casual analysis and the evaluation of declining amphibian populations: Illustrative case studies"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":5200280,"text":"5200280 - 2003 - Amphibian decline: An integrated analysis of multiple stressor effects","indexId":"5200280","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"title":"Amphibian decline: An integrated analysis of multiple stressor effects"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":5200280,"text":"5200280 - 2003 - Amphibian decline: An integrated analysis of multiple stressor effects","indexId":"5200280","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"title":"Amphibian decline: An integrated analysis of multiple stressor effects"},"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-04T11:55:43","indexId":"70178153","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"8A","title":"Casual analysis and the evaluation of declining amphibian populations: Illustrative case studies","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.&nbsp;</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Amphibian decline: An integrated analysis of multiple stressor effects (Proceedings from the workshop on the global decline of amphibian populations)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Workshop on the global decline of amphibian populations: An integrated analysis of multiple stressor effects","conferenceDate":"August 18-23, 2001","conferenceLocation":"Racine, WI","language":"English","publisher":"SETAC","isbn":"978-1-880611-55-5","usgsCitation":"Linder, G.L., 2003, Casual analysis and the evaluation of declining amphibian populations: Illustrative case studies, chap. 8A <i>of</i> Amphibian decline: An integrated analysis of multiple stressor effects (Proceedings from the workshop on the global decline of amphibian populations), p. 243-248.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"243","endPage":"248","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":330738,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":330737,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.setac.org/store/ViewProduct.aspx?id=1028946"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"581d9e2ce4b0dee4cc90cbcd","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Linder, Greg L. linder2@usgs.gov","contributorId":1766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Linder","given":"Greg","email":"linder2@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":653035,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Krest, Sherry K.","contributorId":113670,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krest","given":"Sherry","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653036,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sparling, Donald W.","contributorId":7220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sparling","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653037,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Linder, Greg L. linder2@usgs.gov","contributorId":1766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Linder","given":"Greg","email":"linder2@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":653034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70179880,"text":"70179880 - 2003 - Identification of larval Pacific lampreys (Lampetra tridentata), river lampreys (L. ayresi), and western brook lampreys (L. richardsoni) and thermal requirements of early life history stages of lampreys. Annual report 2002-2003","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-19T13:49:13","indexId":"70179880","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Identification of larval Pacific lampreys (Lampetra tridentata), river lampreys (L. ayresi), and western brook lampreys (L. richardsoni) and thermal requirements of early life history stages of lampreys. Annual report 2002-2003","docAbstract":"<p><span>Two fundamental aspects of lamprey biology were examined to provide tools for population assessment and determination of critical habitat needs of Columbia River Basin (CRB) lampreys (the Pacific lamprey, Lampetra tridentata, and the western brook lamprey, L. richardsoni). We evaluated the usefulness of current diagnostic characteristics for identification of larval lampreys (i.e., pigment patterns) and collected material for development of meristic and morphometric descriptions of early life stage CRB lampreys, and we determined the effects of temperature on survival and development of early life stage CRB lampreys. Thirty-one larval lampreys were collected from locations throughout the CRB and transported to the Columbia River Research Laboratory. Lampreys were sampled at six-week intervals at which time they were identified to the species level based on current diagnostic characteristics. Sampling was repeated until lampreys metamorphosed, at which time species identification was validated based on dentition, or until they died, at which time they were preserved for genetic examination. These lampreys were sampled 30 times with two individuals metamorphosing, both of which were consistently identified, and subsequently validated, as Pacific lampreys. Of the remaining lampreys, only one was inconsistently identified (Pacific lamprey in 83% of the sampling events and western brook lamprey in 17%</span><span> of the sampling events). These data suggest that pigmentation patterns do not change appreciably through time. In 2001 and 2002 we artificially spawned Pacific and western brook lampreys in the laboratory to provide material for meristic and morphometric descriptions. We collected, digitized, preserved, and measured the mean chorion diameter of Pacific and western brook lamprey embryos. Embryos ranged in development from 1 d post fertilization to just prior to hatch, and were incubated at 14 C. Mean chorion diameter was greater and more variable for Pacific lampreys (mean {+-} SD; 1.468 {+-} 0.107 mm, N = 320) than for western brook lampreys (1.237 {+-} 0.064 mm, N = 280). An unpaired t-test showed that the difference in mean chorion diameter between species was highly significant (t = 32.788, df = 528.62, P &lt; 0.0001). For larvae, we collected, digitized, and preserved 156 individuals from each species. Eight homologous landmarks defining a two-cell truss network with two appended triangles were selected for morphometric analyses and species discrimination. A full model discriminant analysis correctly classified 92% of the Pacific lampreys and 93% of the western brook lampreys in a classification data set. When applied to a test data set, the classification functions correctly classified 91% of the Pacific lampreys and 85% of the western brook lampreys. A backward elimination discriminant analysis removed four variables from the full model, and the reduced model correctly classified 91% of the Pacific lampreys and 93% of the western brook lampreys in a classification data set. The reduced model classification functions correctly classified 91% of the Pacific lampreys and 85% of the western brook lampreys in a test data set. In 2001 and 2002 Pacific and western brook lampreys were artificially spawned and resulting progeny were reared in the laboratory at 10 C, 14 C, 18 C, and 22 C. The estimated temperature for zero development was 4.85 C for Pacific and 4.97 C for western brook lampreys. Survival was greatest at 18 C followed by 14 C, 10 C, and 22 C, with significant differences observed between 22 C and other temperatures. Overall survival was significantly greater for western brook than for Pacific lampreys, although the difference in proportion of individuals surviving was only 0.02. Survival to hatch was significantly greater than survival to the larval stage with a difference of only 0.03. The proportion of individuals exhibiting abnormalities at the larval stage was greatest at 22 C followed by 18 C, 10 C, and 14 C, with significant differences observed between 22 C and other temperatures.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Bonneville Power Administration","doi":"10.2172/963076","usgsCitation":"Meeuwig, M., Bayer, J., Seelye, J., and Reiche, R., 2003, Identification of larval Pacific lampreys (Lampetra tridentata), river lampreys (L. ayresi), and western brook lampreys (L. richardsoni) and thermal requirements of early life history stages of lampreys. Annual report 2002-2003, https://doi.org/10.2172/963076.","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":486965,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/963076","text":"External Repository"},{"id":333470,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5881dedee4b01192927d9fa5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meeuwig, M.H.","contributorId":24741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meeuwig","given":"M.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bayer, J.M.","contributorId":47945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bayer","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Seelye, J.G.","contributorId":32861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seelye","given":"J.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Reiche, R.A.","contributorId":68107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reiche","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70178137,"text":"70178137 - 2003 - Bisphenol A is released from used polycarbonate animal cages into water at room temperature","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-28T18:26:46.509127","indexId":"70178137","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1542,"text":"Environmental Health Perspectives","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bisphenol A is released from used polycarbonate animal cages into water at room temperature","docAbstract":"<p><span>Bisphenol A (BPA) is a monomer with estrogenic activity that is used in the production of food packaging, dental sealants, polycarbonate plastic, and many other products. The monomer has previously been reported to hydrolyze and leach from these products under high heat and alkaline conditions, and the amount of leaching increases as a function of use. We examined whether new and used polycarbonate animal cages passively release bioactive levels of BPA into water at room temperature and neutral pH. Purified water was incubated at room temperature in new polycarbonate and polysulfone cages and used (discolored) polycarbonate cages, as well as control (glass and used polypropylene) containers. The resulting water samples were characterized with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and tested for estrogenic activity using an MCF-7 human breast cancer cell proliferation assay. Significant estrogenic activity, identifiable as BPA by GC/MS (up to 310 micro g/L), was released from used polycarbonate animal cages. Detectable levels of BPA were released from new polycarbonate cages (up to 0.3 micro g/L) as well as new polysulfone cages (1.5 micro g/L), whereas no BPA was detected in water incubated in glass and used polypropylene cages. Finally, BPA exposure as a result of being housed in used polycarbonate cages produced a 16% increase in uterine weight in prepubertal female mice relative to females housed in used polypropylene cages, although the difference was not statistically significant. Our findings suggest that laboratory animals maintained in polycarbonate and polysulfone cages are exposed to BPA via leaching, with exposure reaching the highest levels in old cages.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","doi":"10.1289/ehp.5993","usgsCitation":"Howdeshell, K.L., Peterman, P.H., Judy, B.M., Taylor, J.A., Orazio, C.E., Ruhlen, R.L., vom Saal, F., and Welshons, W.V., 2003, Bisphenol A is released from used polycarbonate animal cages into water at room temperature: Environmental Health Perspectives, v. 111, no. 9, p. 1180-1187, https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.5993.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1180","endPage":"1187","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478464,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.5993","text":"External Repository"},{"id":387516,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"111","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"581c4cc5e4b09688d6e90ffb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Howdeshell, Kembra L.","contributorId":176638,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Howdeshell","given":"Kembra","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peterman, Paul H. ppeterman@usgs.gov","contributorId":2872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterman","given":"Paul","email":"ppeterman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":652953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Judy, Barbara M.","contributorId":176639,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Judy","given":"Barbara","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Taylor, Julia A.","contributorId":140428,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Taylor","given":"Julia","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":13494,"text":"Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":652955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Orazio, Carl E. 0000-0002-2532-9668 corazio@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2532-9668","contributorId":1366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orazio","given":"Carl","email":"corazio@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":652956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ruhlen, Rachel L.","contributorId":176640,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ruhlen","given":"Rachel","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"vom Saal, Frederick S.","contributorId":17488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"vom Saal","given":"Frederick S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Welshons, Wade V.","contributorId":169916,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Welshons","given":"Wade","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70179836,"text":"70179836 - 2003 - Monitoring of Lost River and shortnose suckers at the Sprague River Dam fish ladder","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T15:35:26","indexId":"70179836","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"title":"Monitoring of Lost River and shortnose suckers at the Sprague River Dam fish ladder","docAbstract":"<p>Abstract not available&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Bureau of Reclamation","publisherLocation":"Klamath Falls, OR","usgsCitation":"Hendrixson, H., Janney, E., and Shively, R., 2003, Monitoring of Lost River and shortnose suckers at the Sprague River Dam fish ladder.","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":333395,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58808d97e4b01dfadfff15a7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hendrixson, H.A.","contributorId":73424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hendrixson","given":"H.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Janney, E.C.","contributorId":43955,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Janney","given":"E.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shively, R.S.","contributorId":79642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shively","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":53655,"text":"ofr2003444 - 2003 - Wilderness experience in Rocky Mountain National Park 2002; report to respondents","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-06-06T13:06:03.759245","indexId":"ofr2003444","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-444","title":"Wilderness experience in Rocky Mountain National Park 2002; report to respondents","docAbstract":"<p>A substantial amount of backcountry (about 250,000 acres) in Rocky Mountain National Park [RMNP of the Park] may be designated as wilderness areas in the coming years. Currently, over 3 million visitors drives through the park on Trail Ridge Road, camp in designated campgrounds, day hike, etc. each year. Many of those visitors also report using the backcountry-wilderness areas that are not easily accessible by roads or trails. Use of the backcountry is growing at RMNP and is accompanied by changing visitor expectations and preferences for wilderness management. For these reasons it is of great importance for the Park to periodically assess what types of environments and conditions wilderness users seek to facilitate a quality experience.</p><p> To assist in this effort, the Political Analysis and Science Assistance [PSAS] program / Fort Collins Center / U.S. Geological Survey, in close collaboration with personnel and volunteers from RMNP, as well as the Natural Resource Recreation and Tourism [NRRT] Department at Colorado State University, launched a research effort in the summer of 2002 to investigate visitors wilderness experiences in the Park. </p><p>Specifically, the purpose of this research was: (1) To determine what constitutes a wilderness experience; (2) To identify important places, visual features, and sounds essential to a quality wilderness experience and; (3) To determine what aspects may detract from wilderness experience. Thus, answers to these questions should provide insight for Park managers about visitors expectation for wilderness recreation and the conditions they seek for quality wilderness experiences. Ultimately, this information can be used to support wilderness management decisions within RMNP. </p><p>The social science technique of Visitor Employed Photography [VEP] was used to obtain information from visitors about wilderness experiences. Visitors were selected at random from Park-designated wilderness trails, in proportion to their use, and asked to participate in the survey. Respondents were given single use, 10-exposure cameras and photo-log diaries to record experiences. A total of 293 cameras were distributed, with a response rate of 87%. Following the development of the photos, a copy of the photos, two pertinent pages from the photo-log, and a follow-up survey were mailed to respondents. Fifty-six percent of the follow-up surveys were returned. Findings from the two surveys were analyzed and compared.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr2003444","usgsCitation":"Schuster, E., Johnson, S.S., and Taylor, J.G., 2003, Wilderness experience in Rocky Mountain National Park 2002; report to respondents: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-444, 32 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr2003444.","productDescription":"32 p.","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":490188,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0444/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":175093,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0444/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Rocky Mountain National Park","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49cae4b07f02db5d7b41","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schuster, Elke","contributorId":63462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schuster","given":"Elke","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, S. Shea","contributorId":93122,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"Shea","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Taylor, Jonathan G.","contributorId":37378,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70025391,"text":"70025391 - 2003 - Emmons Lake Volcanic Center, Alaska Peninsula: Source of the Late Wisconsin Dawson tephra, Yukon Territory, Canada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:59","indexId":"70025391","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1168,"text":"Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Emmons Lake Volcanic Center, Alaska Peninsula: Source of the Late Wisconsin Dawson tephra, Yukon Territory, Canada","docAbstract":"The Emmons Lake Volcanic Center on the Alaska Peninsula of southwestern Alaska is the site of at least two rhyolitic caldera-forming eruptions (C1 and C2) of late Quaternary age that are possibly the largest of the numerous caldera-forming eruptions known in the Aleutian arc. The deposits produced by these eruptions are widespread (eruptive volumes of >50 km3 each), and their association with Quaternary glacial and eolian deposits on the Alaska Peninsula and elsewhere in Alaska and northwestern Canada enhances the likelihood of establishing geochronological control on Quaternary stratigraphic records in this region. The pyroclastic deposits associated with the second caldera-forming eruption (C2) consist of loose, granular, airfall and pumice-flow deposits that extend for tens of kilometres beyond Emmons Lake caldera, reaching both the Bering Sea and Pacific Ocean coastlines north and south of the caldera. Geochronological and compositional data on C2 deposits indicate a correlation with the Dawson tephra, a 24 000 14C BP (27 000 calibrated years BP), widespread bed of silicic ash found in loess deposits in west-central Yukon Territory, Canada. The correlation clearly establishes the Dawson tephra as the time-stratigraphic marker of the last glacial maximum.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1139/e03-026","issn":"00084077","usgsCitation":"Mangan, M.T., Waythomas, C.F., Miller, T.P., and Trusdell, F., 2003, Emmons Lake Volcanic Center, Alaska Peninsula: Source of the Late Wisconsin Dawson tephra, Yukon Territory, Canada: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 40, no. 7, p. 925-936, https://doi.org/10.1139/e03-026.","startPage":"925","endPage":"936","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209492,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e03-026"},{"id":236002,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0901e4b0c8380cd51d5e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mangan, M. T.","contributorId":10438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mangan","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Waythomas, C. F.","contributorId":10065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waythomas","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, T. P.","contributorId":49345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Trusdell, F. A.","contributorId":57471,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trusdell","given":"F. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70025394,"text":"70025394 - 2003 - Interaction between perchlorate and iodine in the metamorphosis of Hyla versicolor","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:59","indexId":"70025394","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Interaction between perchlorate and iodine in the metamorphosis of Hyla versicolor","docAbstract":"Perchlorate (ClO4-) is a water-soluble, inorganic anion that is often combined with ammonium, potassium or other cations for use in industry and agriculture. Ammonium perchlorate, for example, is a potent oxidizer and is used in various military applications including rocket fuel. It has also been found in an historically widely used fertilizer, Chilean nitrate and in other fertilizers. It has been found in ground and surface waters of over 30 states and is considered a human health risk. Because of its similar atomic radius and volume, perchlorate competes with iodide for thyroid uptake and storage and thereby inhibits production of thyroid hormones. Amphibians may be particularly affected by perchlorate because they rely on the thyroid for metamorphosis. This study exposed early larval Hyla versicolor to concentrations of perchlorate ranging from 2.2 to 50 ppm to determine the effects of perchlorate on a native amphibian. In addition, three controls, 0 perchlorate, 0 perchlorate with 0.10 ppm iodide (C + I) and 50 ppm perchlorate + 0.10 ppm iodide (50 + I) were tested. Mortality (< 11% with all treatments) and growth appeared to be unaffected by perchlorate. Inhibition of development started with 2.2 ppm perchlorate and little or no development occurred at 22.9 ppm and above. This inhibition was particularly apparent at the latter stages of development including hindlimb formation and metamorphosis. The estimated EC50 for total inhibition of metamorphosis at 70 days of treatment was 3.63 ppm. There was no evidence of inhibition of development with the 50 + I, C + I, or controls, indicating that the presence of small concentrations of iodide could counter the effects of perchlorate. When tadpoles that had been inhibited by perchlorate were subsequently treated with iodide, development through prometamorphosis progressed but mortality was very high.","largerWorkTitle":"ASTM Special Technical Publication","conferenceTitle":"Multiple Stressor Effects in Relation to Declining Amphibian Populations","conferenceDate":"16 April 2002 through 17 April 2002","conferenceLocation":"Pittsburgh, PA","language":"English","issn":"10403094","usgsCitation":"Sparling, D., Harvey, G., and Nzengung, V., 2003, Interaction between perchlorate and iodine in the metamorphosis of Hyla versicolor, <i>in</i> ASTM Special Technical Publication, no. 1443, Pittsburgh, PA, 16 April 2002 through 17 April 2002, p. 143-158.","startPage":"143","endPage":"158","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236042,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"1443","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3cace4b0c8380cd62f2f","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Linder G.L.Krest S.Sparling D.Little E.E.","contributorId":128348,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Linder G.L.Krest S.Sparling D.Little E.E.","id":536563,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Sparling, D.","contributorId":88853,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sparling","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harvey, G.","contributorId":91218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nzengung, V.","contributorId":44270,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nzengung","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70024872,"text":"70024872 - 2003 - Data specifications for the Landsat Data Continuity Mission","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-06T16:47:25.778607","indexId":"70024872","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Data specifications for the Landsat Data Continuity Mission","docAbstract":"<p><span>The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) plans to procure data from a privately-owned and commercially-operated remote sensing system for the next Landsat Mission, the Landsat Data Continuity Mission (LDCM).Data requirements are documented in an LDCM Data Specification. The specifications require delivery of data covering 250 Landsat scenes on a daily basis. The data are to be acquired in a manner that affords seasonal coverage of the global land mass. Data are required for the heritage reflective Thematic Mapper (TM) spectral bands plus two new bands, a blue band for coastal zone observations and a short wave infrared band for cirrus cloud detection. The specifications do not require thermal data, representing a departure from the TM heritage. The specification also requires data providing a 30 m ground sample distance for each of the spectral bands with the exception of the new cirrus cloud band at 120 m. An absolute uncertainty of 5 percent or less is required for radiometrically corrected LDCM data and the commercial operator is required to deliver data that can be registered to a cartographic projection with an uncertainty of 65 m or less. Procuring data from a commercial operator represents a new approach for the 30-year old Landsat program. The LDCM Data Specification ensures that the procured data provides continuity of the Landsat data stream and advances the mission.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"2003 IGARSS: Learning From Earth's Shapes and Colours","conferenceDate":"Jul 21-25, 2003","conferenceLocation":"Toulouse, France","language":"English","publisher":"IEEE","doi":"10.1109/IGARSS.2003.1294100","usgsCitation":"Irons, J.R., Speciale, N., Douglas, M.J., Masek, J.G., Markham, B.L., Storey, J.C., Lencioni, D.E., and Ryan, R.E., 2003, Data specifications for the Landsat Data Continuity Mission, <i>in</i> International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS), v. 2, Toulouse, France, Jul 21-25, 2003, p. 1335-1337, https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.2003.1294100.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"1335","endPage":"1337","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232827,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fd68e4b0c8380cd4e804","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Irons, J. R.","contributorId":67694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Irons","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Speciale, N.J.","contributorId":64848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Speciale","given":"N.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Douglas, McCuistion J.","contributorId":80041,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Douglas","given":"McCuistion","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Masek, J. G.","contributorId":105883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Masek","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Markham, B. L.","contributorId":88872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Markham","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Storey, James C. 0000-0002-6664-7232","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6664-7232","contributorId":35505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Storey","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lencioni, D. E.","contributorId":82893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lencioni","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Ryan, R. E.","contributorId":98082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryan","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
]}