{"pageNumber":"2862","pageRowStart":"71525","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184606,"records":[{"id":70025645,"text":"70025645 - 2003 - Towards developing Kentucky's landscape change maps","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:21","indexId":"70025645","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1191,"text":"Cartography and Geographic Information Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Towards developing Kentucky's landscape change maps","docAbstract":"The Kentucky Landscape Snapshot Project, a NASA-funded project, was established to provide a first baseline land cover/land use map for Kentucky. Through this endeavor, change detection will be institutionalized, thus aiding in decision-making at the local, state, and federal planning levels. 2002 Landsat 7 imaginery was classified following and Anderson Level III scheme, providing an enhancement over the 1992 USGS National Land Cover Data Set. Also as part of the deliverables, imperviousness and canopy closure layers were produced with the aid of IKONOS high resolution, multispectral imagery.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Cartography and Geographic Information Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1559/152304003100011153","issn":"15230406","usgsCitation":"Zourarakis, D., Lambert, S., and Palmer, M., 2003, Towards developing Kentucky's landscape change maps: Cartography and Geographic Information Science, v. 30, no. 2, p. 175-178, https://doi.org/10.1559/152304003100011153.","startPage":"175","endPage":"178","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234776,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208783,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1559/152304003100011153"}],"volume":"30","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb5bee4b08c986b326889","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zourarakis, D.P.","contributorId":85759,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zourarakis","given":"D.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lambert, S.C.","contributorId":92289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lambert","given":"S.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Palmer, M.","contributorId":66456,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Palmer","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70025433,"text":"70025433 - 2003 - Palynology, petrography and geochemistry of the Sewickley coal bed (Monongahela Group, Late Pennsylvanian), Northern Appalachian Basin, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:59","indexId":"70025433","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Palynology, petrography and geochemistry of the Sewickley coal bed (Monongahela Group, Late Pennsylvanian), Northern Appalachian Basin, USA","docAbstract":"Forty-two bench samples of the Sewickley coal bed were collected from seven localities in the northern Appalachian Basin and analyzed palynologically, petrographically, and geochemically. The Sewickley coal bed occurs in the middle of the Pittsburgh Formation (Monongahela Group) and is of Late Pennsylvanian age. Palynologically, it is dominated by spores of tree ferns. Tree fern spore taxa in the Sewickley include Punctatisporites minutus, Punctatosporites minutus, Laevigatosporites minimus, Spinosporites exiguus, Apiculatasporites saetiger, and Thymospora spp. In fact, Punctatisporites minutus was so abundant that it had to be removed from the standard counts and recorded separately (average 73.2%). Even when Punctatisporites minutus is removed from the counts, tree fern spores still dominate a majority of the assemblages, averaging 64.4%. Among the tree fern spores identified in the Sewickley coal, Thymospora exhibits temporal and spatial abundance variation. Thymospora usually increases in abundance from the base to the top of the bed. Thymospora is also more abundant in columns that are thick (>100 cm) and low in ash yield (< 12.0%, dry basis). Calamite spores (e.g. Calamospora spp., Laevigatosporites minor, and L. vulgaris) are the next most abundant plant group represented in the Sewickley coal, averaging 20%. Contributions from all other plant groups are minor in comparison. Petrographically, the Sewickley coal contains high percentages of vitrinite (average 82.3%, mineral matter-free (mmf)), with structured forms being more common than unstructured forms. In contrast, liptinite and inertinite macerals both occur in low percentages (average 7.7% and 10.0%, respectively). Geochemically, the Sewickley coal has a moderate ash yield (average 12.4%) and high total sulfur content (average 3.4%). Four localities contained a high ash or carbonaceous shale bench. These benches, which may be coeval, are strongly dominated by tree fern spores. Unlike the lower ash benches, they contain low percentages of vitrinite, which mainly occurs as unstructured vitrinite, and higher liptinite and inertinite contents. The accumulated data suggest that the Sewickley paleomire was probably a rheotrophic, planar mire that had a consistent water cover. This is supported by the high vitrinite contents, moderate ash yields, and high total sulfur contents. The high ash and carbonaceous shale benches probably represent either periods of dryness and substrate exposure, or flooding of the mire surface, the duration of which is unknown. ?? 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Coal Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0166-5162(03)00110-1","issn":"01665162","usgsCitation":"Eble, C., Pierce, B., and Grady, W., 2003, Palynology, petrography and geochemistry of the Sewickley coal bed (Monongahela Group, Late Pennsylvanian), Northern Appalachian Basin, USA: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 55, no. 2-4, p. 187-204, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-5162(03)00110-1.","startPage":"187","endPage":"204","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209506,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0166-5162(03)00110-1"},{"id":236043,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"55","issue":"2-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a74a8e4b0c8380cd77763","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eble, C.F.","contributorId":35346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eble","given":"C.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pierce, B.S.","contributorId":13639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pierce","given":"B.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grady, W.C.","contributorId":104223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grady","given":"W.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70025515,"text":"70025515 - 2003 - The diet of Chesapeake Bay striped bass in the late 1950s","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:00","indexId":"70025515","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1659,"text":"Fisheries Management and Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The diet of Chesapeake Bay striped bass in the late 1950s","docAbstract":"The diet of Chesapeake Bay striped bass, (Morone saxatilis) Walbaum, based on unpublished stomach content data from 916 fish collected between 1955 and 1959 was described. The diet in the late 1950s, quantified using an index of relative importance (IRI), was dominated by Atlantic menhaden, Brevoortia tyrannus Latrobe. Atlantic menhaden (66%) and bay anchovy, Anchoa mitchilli Valenciennes, (19%) had the highest IRI value overall. Small striped bass ( <600 mm total length) ate predominantly bay anchovy (IRI = 67%). Large striped bass (??? 600 mm total length) ate predominantly Atlantic menhaden (IRI = 93%). Since 1990 small striped bass rely more on invertebrate prey and larger fish now rely more on small pelagic prey, such as bay anchovy and 0-age clupeids. Analysis of historical data using current techniques provided a valuable tool for comparison to help in understanding the current striped bass predator-prey relationship in Chesapeake Bay.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Fisheries Management and Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1046/j.1365-2400.2003.00367.x","issn":"0969997X","usgsCitation":"Griffin, J., and Margraf, F., 2003, The diet of Chesapeake Bay striped bass in the late 1950s: Fisheries Management and Ecology, v. 10, no. 5, p. 323-328, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2400.2003.00367.x.","startPage":"323","endPage":"328","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209564,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2400.2003.00367.x"},{"id":236162,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-11-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baaace4b08c986b322916","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Griffin, J.C.","contributorId":21744,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffin","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Margraf, F.J.","contributorId":47738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Margraf","given":"F.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1008295,"text":"1008295 - 2003 - Individual variation in space use by female spotted hyenas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-07T13:42:25.048112","indexId":"1008295","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2373,"text":"Journal of Mammalogy","onlineIssn":"1545-1542","printIssn":"0022-2372","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Individual variation in space use by female spotted hyenas","docAbstract":"<p><span>Large carnivores range more widely than many other terrestrial mammals, and this behavior tends to bring them into frequent conflict with humans. Within any carnivore population, individual variation in patterns of space use should be expected to make some animals more vulnerable than others to risks of mortality from humans and other sources. In this study, our goal was to document variation among individuals in space use by female spotted hyenas (</span><i>Crocuta crocuta</i><span>). We examined predictions of hypotheses suggesting that space use by female hyenas is affected by reproductive state, social rank, and local prey abundance. Home-range size, distance at which females were found from the current communal den, and distance at which they were found from the nearest territorial boundary all varied significantly with the 3 independent variables. Females with den-dwelling cubs had smaller home ranges, were found closer to the communal den, and were found farther from the territorial boundary than were females with no den-dwelling cubs. Neither social rank nor prey availability significantly influenced the space-use patterns of females with den-dwelling cubs. Among females with no den-dwelling cubs, high-ranking females had smaller home ranges, were closer to the communal den, and were farther from the territorial boundary than were low-ranking females. The females ranging most widely were low-ranking individuals with no den-dwelling cubs when they were observed during periods of prey scarcity.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford University Press","doi":"10.1644/BOS-038","usgsCitation":"Boydston, E.E., Kapheim, K.M., Szykman, M., and Holekamp, K.E., 2003, Individual variation in space use by female spotted hyenas: Journal of Mammalogy, v. 84, no. 3, p. 1006-1018, https://doi.org/10.1644/BOS-038.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1006","endPage":"1018","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478563,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1644/bos-038","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":132514,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"84","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f6e4b07f02db5f1697","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boydston, Erin E. 0000-0002-8452-835X eboydston@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8452-835X","contributorId":1705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boydston","given":"Erin","email":"eboydston@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":317302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kapheim, Karen M.","contributorId":174970,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kapheim","given":"Karen","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Szykman, Micaela","contributorId":174963,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Szykman","given":"Micaela","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Holekamp, Kay E.","contributorId":174966,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Holekamp","given":"Kay","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70025661,"text":"70025661 - 2003 - Stable carbon isotope fractionation of trans-1,2-dichloroethylene during co-metabolic degradation by methanotrophic bacteria","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-05T10:39:15","indexId":"70025661","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stable carbon isotope fractionation of trans-1,2-dichloroethylene during co-metabolic degradation by methanotrophic bacteria","docAbstract":"<p>Changes in the carbon isotope ratio (δ<sup>13</sup>C) of trans-1,2-dichloroethylene (t-DCE) were measured during its co-metabolic degradation by Methylomonas methanica, a type I methanotroph, and Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b, a type II methanotroph. In closed-vessel incubation experiments with each bacterium, the residual t-DCE became progressively enriched in <sup>13</sup>C, indicating isotopic fractionation. From these experiments, the biological fractionation during t-DCE co-metabolism, expressed as ε, was measured to be -3.5<sup>0</sup>/<sub>00</sub>  for the type I culture and -6.7<sup>0</sup>/<sub>00</sub> for the type II culture. This fractionation effect and subsequent enrichment in the δ<sup>13</sup>C of the residual t-DCE can thus be applied to determine the extent of biodegradation of DCE by these organisms. Based on these results, isotopic fractionation clearly warrants further study, as measured changes in the δ<sup>13</sup>C values of chlorinated solvents could ultimately be used to monitor the extent of biodegradation in laboratory or field settings where co-metabolism by methanotrophs occurs.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chemical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0009-2541(02)00388-1","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Brungard, K.L., Munakata-Marr, J., Johnson, C.A., and Mandernack, K.W., 2003, Stable carbon isotope fractionation of trans-1,2-dichloroethylene during co-metabolic degradation by methanotrophic bacteria: Chemical Geology, v. 195, no. 1-4, p. 59-67, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2541(02)00388-1.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"59","endPage":"67","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235036,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208928,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2541(02)00388-1"}],"volume":"195","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9664e4b08c986b31b499","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brungard, Karen L.","contributorId":52375,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brungard","given":"Karen","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Munakata-Marr, Junko","contributorId":28787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Munakata-Marr","given":"Junko","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, Craig A. 0000-0002-1334-2996 cjohnso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1334-2996","contributorId":909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Craig","email":"cjohnso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":406073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mandernack, Kevin W.","contributorId":43258,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mandernack","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":1008297,"text":"1008297 - 2003 - Altered behavior in spotted hyenas associated with increased human activity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-28T15:07:37","indexId":"1008297","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":774,"text":"Animal Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Altered behavior in spotted hyenas associated with increased human activity","docAbstract":"<p><span>To investigate how anthropogenic activity might affect large carnivores, we studied the behaviour of spotted hyenas (</span><i>Crocuta crocuta</i><span>) during two time periods. From 1996 to 1998, we documented the ecological correlates of space utilization patterns exhibited by adult female hyenas defending a territory at the edge of a wildlife reserve in Kenya. Hyenas preferred areas near dense vegetation but appeared to avoid areas containing the greatest abundance of prey, perhaps because these were also the areas of most intensive livestock grazing. We then compared hyena behaviour observed in 1996–98 with that observed several years earlier and found many differences. Female hyenas in 1996–98 were found farther from dens, but closer to dense vegetation and to the edges of their territory, than in 1988–90. Recent females also had larger home ranges, travelled farther between consecutive sightings, and were more nocturnal than in 1988–90. Finally, hyenas occurred in smaller groups in 1996–98 than in 1988–90. We also found several changes in hyena demography between periods. We next attempted to explain differences observed between time periods by testing predictions of hypotheses invoking prey abundance, climate, interactions with lions, tourism and livestock grazing. Our data were consistent with the hypothesis that increased reliance on the reserve for livestock grazing was responsible for observed changes. That behavioural changes were not associated with decreased hyena population density suggests the behavioural plasticity typical of this species may protect it from extinction.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1017/S1367943003003263","usgsCitation":"Boydston, E.E., Kapheim, K.M., Watts, H.E., Szykman, M., and Holekamp, K.E., 2003, Altered behavior in spotted hyenas associated with increased human activity: Animal Conservation, v. 6, no. 3, p. 207-219, https://doi.org/10.1017/S1367943003003263.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"207","endPage":"219","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132539,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-02-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adee4b07f02db68750f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boydston, Erin E. 0000-0002-8452-835X eboydston@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8452-835X","contributorId":1705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boydston","given":"Erin","email":"eboydston@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":317312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kapheim, Karen M.","contributorId":174970,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kapheim","given":"Karen","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Watts, Heather E.","contributorId":174985,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Watts","given":"Heather","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Szykman, Micaela","contributorId":174963,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Szykman","given":"Micaela","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Holekamp, Kay E.","contributorId":174966,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Holekamp","given":"Kay","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70025327,"text":"70025327 - 2003 - Effects of soil amendments on germination and emergence of downy brome (Bromus tectorum) and Hilaria jamesii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-21T17:53:34","indexId":"70025327","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3738,"text":"Weed Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Effects of soil amendments on germination and emergence of downy brome (<i>Bromus tectorum</i>) and <i>Hilaria jamesii</i>","title":"Effects of soil amendments on germination and emergence of downy brome (Bromus tectorum) and Hilaria jamesii","docAbstract":"<div class=\"row\"><div class=\"large-10 medium-10 small-12 columns\"><div class=\"description\"><div class=\"abstract\" data-abstract-type=\"normal\"><p>Downy brome is an introduced Mediterranean annual grass that now dominates millions of hectares of western U.S. rangelands. The presence of this grass has eliminated many native species and accelerated wildfire cycles. The objective of this study was to identify soil additives that allowed germination but inhibited emergence of downy brome, while not affecting germination or emergence of the native perennial grass <span class=\"italic\">Hilaria jamesii</span>. On the basis of data from previous studies, we focused on additives that altered the availability of soil nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K). Most water-soluble treatments inhibited downy brome germination and emergence. We attribute the inhibitory effects of these treatments to excessive salinity and ion-specific effects of the additives themselves. An exception to this was oxalic acid, which showed no effect. Most water-insoluble treatments had no effect in soils with high P but did have an effect in soils with low P. Zeolite was effective regardless of P level, probably due to the high amounts of Na<span class=\"sup\">+</span> it added to the soil solution. Most treatments at higher concentrations resulted in lower downy brome emergence rates in soils currently dominated by downy brome than in uninvaded (but theoretically invadable) <span class=\"italic\">Hilaria</span> soils. This difference is possibly attributable to inherent differences in labile soil P. In <span class=\"italic\">Stipa</span> soils, where <span class=\"italic\">Stipa</span> spp. grow, but which are generally considered to be uninvadable by downy brome, additions of high amounts of N resulted in lower emergence. This may have been an effect of NH<span class=\"sub\">4</span> <span class=\"sup\">+</span> interference with uptake of K or other cations or toxicity of high N. We also saw a positive relationship between downy brome emergence and pH in <span class=\"italic\">Stipa</span> soils. <span class=\"italic\">Hilaria</span> development parameters were not as susceptible to the treatments, regardless of concentration, as downy brome. Our results suggest that there are additions that may be effective management tools for inhibiting downy brome in calcareous soils, including (1) high salt applications, (2) K-reducing additions (e.g., Mg), and (3) P-reducing additions.</p></div></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","doi":"10.1614/0043-1745(2003)051[0371:EOSAOG]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Belnap, J., Sherrod, S.K., and Miller, M.E., 2003, Effects of soil amendments on germination and emergence of downy brome (Bromus tectorum) and Hilaria jamesii: Weed Science, v. 51, no. 3, p. 371-378, https://doi.org/10.1614/0043-1745(2003)051[0371:EOSAOG]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"371","endPage":"378","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236186,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a07d1e4b0c8380cd51855","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Belnap, J. 0000-0001-7471-2279","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7471-2279","contributorId":23872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belnap","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sherrod, S. K.","contributorId":9209,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sherrod","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, M. E.","contributorId":104003,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70025649,"text":"70025649 - 2003 - Paleomagnetic evidence for a Tertiary not Triassic age for rocks in the lower part of the Grober-Fuqua #1 well, southeastern Albuquerque Basin, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:31","indexId":"70025649","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2860,"text":"New Mexico Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Paleomagnetic evidence for a Tertiary not Triassic age for rocks in the lower part of the Grober-Fuqua #1 well, southeastern Albuquerque Basin, New Mexico","docAbstract":"A sedimentary sequence penetrated in the lower part of the Grober-Fuqua #1 well in the southeastern Albuquerque Basin has previously been interpreted as either Triassic or Eocene in age. Paleomagnetic study of three specimens from two core fragments yielded a 54.5?? mean inclination of remanent magnetization relative to bedding. This inclination is like that expected in Tertiary time and is distinct from an expected low-angle Triassic inclination. Although the data are very few, when considered in combination with stratigraphic relations and the presence of a gravity low in this southeastern part of the basin, the paleomagnetic evidence favors a Tertiary age for strata in the lower part of the Grober-Fuqua #1 well.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"New Mexico Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"0196948X","usgsCitation":"Hudson, M., and Grauch, V.J., 2003, Paleomagnetic evidence for a Tertiary not Triassic age for rocks in the lower part of the Grober-Fuqua #1 well, southeastern Albuquerque Basin, New Mexico: New Mexico Geology, v. 25, no. 2, p. 31-36.","startPage":"31","endPage":"36","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234854,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a740de4b0c8380cd773f0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hudson, M.R.","contributorId":68317,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudson","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grauch, V. J. S. 0000-0002-0761-3489","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0761-3489","contributorId":34125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grauch","given":"V.","email":"","middleInitial":"J. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70025216,"text":"70025216 - 2003 - Origin of high-grade gold ore, source of ore fluid components, and genesis of the Meikle and neighboring Carlin-type deposits, Northern Carlin Trend, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:57","indexId":"70025216","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Origin of high-grade gold ore, source of ore fluid components, and genesis of the Meikle and neighboring Carlin-type deposits, Northern Carlin Trend, Nevada","docAbstract":"The Meikle mine exploits one of the world's highest grade Carlin-type gold deposits with reserves of ca. 220 t gold at an average grade of 24.7 g/t. Locally, gold grades exceed 400 g/t. Several geologic events converged at Meikle to create these spectacular gold grades. Prior to mineralization, a Devonian hydrothermal system altered the Bootstrap limestone to Fe-rich dolomite. Subsequently the rocks were brecciated by faulting and Late Jurassic intrusive activity. The resulting permeability focused flow of late Eocene Carlin-type ore fluids and allowed them to react with the Fe-rich dolomite. Fluid inclusion data and mineral assemblages indicate that these fluids were hot (ca. 220??C),of moderate salinity (<6 wt % NaCl equiv), acidic, and H2S rich. Gold-rich pyrite formed by dissolution of dolomite and sulfidation of its contained Fe. Where dissolution and replacement were complete, ore-stage pyrite and other insoluble minerals were all that remained. Locally, these minerals accumulated as internal sediments in dissolution cavities to form ore with gold grades >400 g/t. Petrographic observations, geochemical data, and stable isotope results from the Meikle mine and other deposits at the Goldstrike mine place important constraints on genetic models for Meikle and other Carlin-type gold deposits on the northern Carlin trend. The ore fluids were meteoric water (??D = -135???, ??18O = -5???) that interacted with sedimentary rocks at a water/rock ratio of ca. 1 and temperatures of ca. 220??C. The absence of significant silicification suggests that there was little cooling of the ore fluids during mineralization. These two observations strongly suggest that ore fluids were not derived from deep sources but instead flowed parallel to isotherms. The gold was transported by H2S (??34S = 9???), which was derived from Paleozoic sedimentary rocks. The presence of auriferous sedimentary exhalative mineralization in the local stratigraphic sequence raises the possibility that preexisting concentrations of gold contributed to the Carlin-type deposits. Taken together our observations suggest that meteoric water evolved to become an ore fluid by shallow circulation through previously gold- and sulfur-enriched rocks. Carlin-type gold deposits formed where these fluids encountered permeable, reactive Fe-rich rocks.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Economic Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Emsbo, P., Hofstra, A., Lauha, E., Griffin, G., and Hutchinson, R., 2003, Origin of high-grade gold ore, source of ore fluid components, and genesis of the Meikle and neighboring Carlin-type deposits, Northern Carlin Trend, Nevada: Economic Geology, v. 98, no. 6, p. 1069-1100.","startPage":"1069","endPage":"1100","numberOfPages":"32","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236180,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"98","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a70dbe4b0c8380cd762c3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Emsbo, P.","contributorId":59901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Emsbo","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hofstra, A. H. 0000-0002-2450-1593","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2450-1593","contributorId":41426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hofstra","given":"A. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lauha, E.A.","contributorId":100595,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lauha","given":"E.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Griffin, G.L.","contributorId":26870,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffin","given":"G.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hutchinson, R.W.","contributorId":52743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hutchinson","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70025352,"text":"70025352 - 2003 - Testing laser-based sensors for continuous in situ monitoring of suspended sediment in the Colorado River, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-08T13:43:38.580591","indexId":"70025352","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5644,"text":"IAHS Red Book","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":19}},"title":"Testing laser-based sensors for continuous in situ monitoring of suspended sediment in the Colorado River, Arizona","docAbstract":"High-resolution monitoring of sand mass balance in the Colorado River below Glen Canyon Dam, Arizona, USA, is needed for environmental management. In the Grand Canyon, frequent collection of suspended-sediment samples from cableways is logistically complicated, costly and provides limited spatial and temporal resolution. In situ laser sensors were tested in the Colorado River as an alternative method for monitoring the river's suspended transport. LISST data were collected at a fixed-depth, near-shore site while isokinetic measurements were simultaneously made from a nearby cableway. Diurnal variations in LISST grain size and concentration data compared well with depth-integrated, cross-section data. Tbe LISST was also successfully used to electronically trigger an ISCO 6712 pump sampler to provide continuous monitoring during periods when suspended concentrations exceeded the LISST's measurement range. Initial results indicate that the LISST can provide useful high-resolution suspended-sediment data within the Colorado River, when optics are maintained on a weekly basis.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Erosion and sediment transport measurement in rivers: Technological and methodological advances","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Erosion Sediment Transport Measurement in Rivers: Techlogical and Methodological Advances","conferenceDate":"19-21 June, 2002","conferenceLocation":"Oslo, Norway","language":"English","publisher":"International Association of Hydrological Sciences","issn":"01447815","usgsCitation":"Melis, T., Topping, D., and Rubin, D.M., 2003, Testing laser-based sensors for continuous in situ monitoring of suspended sediment in the Colorado River, Arizona, <i>in</i> Erosion and sediment transport measurement in rivers: Technological and methodological advances, no. 283, Oslo, Norway, 19-21 June, 2002, p. 21-27.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"21","endPage":"27","costCenters":[{"id":322,"text":"Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236000,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":401918,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://iahs.info/Publications-News.do"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Colorado River, Glen Canyon Dam, Grand Canyon","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -114.0655517578125,\n              35.44724605551148\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.9619140625,\n              35.44724605551148\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.9619140625,\n              37.01571219880126\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.0655517578125,\n              37.01571219880126\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.0655517578125,\n              35.44724605551148\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","issue":"283","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba5c8e4b08c986b320c93","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Bogen, J.","contributorId":113731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bogen","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":508820,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fergus, T.","contributorId":113159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fergus","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":508819,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Walling, D.","contributorId":112963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walling","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":508818,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Melis, T.S.","contributorId":85621,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Melis","given":"T.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Topping, D.J. 0000-0002-2104-4577","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2104-4577","contributorId":53927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Topping","given":"D.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rubin, D. M.","contributorId":103689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rubin","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70026088,"text":"70026088 - 2003 - The stream net as an indicator of cryptic systematic fracturing in Louisiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:35","indexId":"70026088","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3443,"text":"Southeastern Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The stream net as an indicator of cryptic systematic fracturing in Louisiana","docAbstract":"The stream net in many parts of Louisiana includes straight reaches with preferred alignment in a few directions, with some examples spanning tens of kilometers. In places the reaches form classic rectangular drainage patterns. These characteristics are obvious on maps at a variety of scales, and are recognizable on some portion of nearly every 7.5-minute quadrangle in the state, excepting those quadrangles situated entirely within the Ho??ocene coastal marshes or the Holocene flood plains of the larger rivers. Such patterns of lineaments are reminiscent of patterns associated with systematic fracturing in other regions. In Louisiana, however, verification and measurement of fractures that may exist in the vicinity of rectilinear drainage anomalies is problematic because surface deposits are comparatively young and sparsely exposed, and tend, especially near waterways, to be heavily weathered and vegetated. An indirect approach to evaluating the potential influence on drainage by fracturing involves evaluating the frequency distribution of stream-course orientations based on its degree of similarity with that of the strikes of previously mapped or reported fractures (faults and/or joints). A rose diagram of orientation frequencies for the stream net of the entire state, created utilizing a publicly available line dataset processed into 100-m segments (N 290,000), shows a nonrandom distribution with three visually identifiable trends: the strongest, oriented essentially N-S; a subsidiary trend oriented N20??-30??W; and a weak trend oriented N80??-90??W. The entire population of orientations yields a mean direction of N17.5??W ?? 4.2?? with a probability of 95 percent. The strike frequencies of mapped faults show little correspondence with these trends. This suggests, if mapped faults are at least representative of actual faults, that insofar as apparent lineaments reflect structure and not the influence of a south-southeasterly regional drainage gradient, they predominantly reveal the influence of joints. These could reflect either a Quaternary stress regime, or propagation in young sediment of a structural pattern in underlying older strata. The data available at present do not compel either interpretation, though in south Louisiana at least, where reactivated early Tertiary growth faults have surface expression that in places is juxtaposed with differently oriented drainage lineaments, propagation of a preexisting pattern from depth appears plausible. Widespread systematic fracturing in this predominantly Quaternary coastal-plain setting could have important implications for groundwater flow and for other processes that depend substantially on permeability.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Southeastern Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00383678","usgsCitation":"McCulloh, R., 2003, The stream net as an indicator of cryptic systematic fracturing in Louisiana: Southeastern Geology, v. 42, no. 1, p. 1-17.","startPage":"1","endPage":"17","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234885,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb08ce4b08c986b324f1a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCulloh, R.P.","contributorId":64428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCulloh","given":"R.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1008238,"text":"1008238 - 2003 - The use of multi-temporal Landsat Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data for mapping fuels in Yosemite National Park, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-28T11:30:24","indexId":"1008238","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2068,"text":"International Journal of Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The use of multi-temporal Landsat Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data for mapping fuels in Yosemite National Park, USA","docAbstract":"<p><span>The objective of this study was to test the applicability of using Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) values derived from a temporal sequence of six Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) scenes to map fuel models for Yosemite National Park, USA. An unsupervised classification algorithm was used to define 30 unique spectral-temporal classes of NDVI values. A combination of graphical, statistical and visual techniques was used to characterize the 30 classes and identify those that responded similarly and could be combined into fuel models. The final classification of fuel models included six different types: short annual and perennial grasses, tall perennial grasses, medium brush and evergreen hardwoods, short-needled conifers with no heavy fuels, long-needled conifers and deciduous hardwoods, and short-needled conifers with a component of heavy fuels. The NDVI, when analysed over a season of phenologically distinct periods along with ancillary data, can elicit information necessary to distinguish fuel model types. Fuels information derived from remote sensors has proven to be useful for initial classification of fuels and has been applied to fire management situations on the ground.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/01431160210144679","usgsCitation":"Van Wagtendonk, J.W., and Root, R.R., 2003, The use of multi-temporal Landsat Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data for mapping fuels in Yosemite National Park, USA: International Journal of Remote Sensing, v. 24, no. 8, p. 1639-1651, https://doi.org/10.1080/01431160210144679.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1639","endPage":"1651","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132207,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-11-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a5fe4b07f02db634851","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Van Wagtendonk, Jan W. jan_van_wagtendonk@usgs.gov","contributorId":2648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Wagtendonk","given":"Jan","email":"jan_van_wagtendonk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":317115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Root, Ralph R.","contributorId":174937,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Root","given":"Ralph","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70025656,"text":"70025656 - 2003 - Effects of stormwater infiltration on quality of groundwater beneath retention and detention basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-05T14:43:19","indexId":"70025656","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2255,"text":"Journal of Environmental Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of stormwater infiltration on quality of groundwater beneath retention and detention basins","docAbstract":"Infiltration of storm water through detention and retention basins may increase the risk of groundwater contamination, especially in areas where the soil is sandy and the water table shallow, and contaminants may not have a chance to degrade or sorb onto soil particles before reaching the saturated zone. Groundwater from 16 monitoring wells installed in basins in southern New Jersey was compared to the quality of shallow groundwater from 30 wells in areas of new-urban land use. Basin groundwater contained much lower levels of dissolved oxygen, which affected concentrations of major ions. Patterns of volatile organic compound and pesticide occurrence in basin groundwater reflected the land use in the drainage areas served by the basins, and differed from patterns in background samples, exhibiting a greater occurrence of petroleum hydrocarbons and certain pesticides. Dilution effects and volatilization likely decrease the concentration and detection frequency of certain compounds commonly found in background groundwater. High recharge rates in storm water basins may cause loading factors to be substantial even when constituent concentrations in infiltrating storm water are relatively low.","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(2003)129:5(464)","issn":"07339372","usgsCitation":"Fischer, D., Charles, E.G., and Baehr, A.L., 2003, Effects of stormwater infiltration on quality of groundwater beneath retention and detention basins: Journal of Environmental Engineering, v. 129, no. 5, p. 464-471, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(2003)129:5(464).","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"464","endPage":"471","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234963,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New 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,{"id":70025556,"text":"70025556 - 2003 - Special Issue: INTERRAD IX - International Association of Radiolarian Paleontologists: Preface","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:00","indexId":"70025556","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Special Issue: INTERRAD IX - International Association of Radiolarian Paleontologists: Preface","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkTitle":"Marine Micropaleontology","language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0377-8398(03)00052-5","issn":"03778398","usgsCitation":"Blome, C., and Sanfilippo, A., 2003, Special Issue: INTERRAD IX - International Association of Radiolarian Paleontologists: Preface, <i>in</i> Marine Micropaleontology, v. 49, no. 3, p. 185-186, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-8398(03)00052-5.","startPage":"185","endPage":"186","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209579,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0377-8398(03)00052-5"},{"id":236201,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"49","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b94dce4b08c986b31ac8e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blome, C.D.","contributorId":60647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blome","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sanfilippo, A.","contributorId":79631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanfilippo","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70025918,"text":"70025918 - 2003 - The Tuscarora Au-Ag district: Eocene volcanic-hosted epithermal deposits in the Carlin gold region, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:33","indexId":"70025918","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Tuscarora Au-Ag district: Eocene volcanic-hosted epithermal deposits in the Carlin gold region, Nevada","docAbstract":"The Tuscarora mining district contains the oldest and the only productive Eocene epithermal deposits in Nevada. The district is a particularly clear example of association of low-sulfidation deposits with igneous activity and structure, and it is unusual in that it consists of two adjoining but physically and chemically distinct types of low-sulfidation deposits. Moreover, Tuscarora deposits are of interest because they formed contemporaneously with nearby, giant Carlin-type gold deposits. The Tuscarora deposits formed within the 39.9 to 39.3 Ma Tuscarora volcanic field, along and just outside the southeastern margin of the caldera-like Mount Blitzen volcanic center. Both deposit types formed at 39.3 Ma, contemporaneous with the only major intrusive activity in the volcanic field. No deposits are known to have formed during any of the intense volcanic phases of the field. Intrusions were the apparent heat source, and structures related to the Mount Blitzen center were conduits for hydrothermal circulation. The ore-forming fluids interacted dominantly with Eocene igneous rocks. The two deposit types occur in a northern silver-rich zone that is characterized by relatively high Ag/Au ratios (110-150), narrow alteration zones, and quartz and carbonate veins developed mostly in intrusive dacite, and in a southern gold-rich zone that is typified by relatively low Ag/Au ratios (4-14), more widespread alteration, and quartz-fissure and stockwork veins commonly developed in tuffaceous sedimentary rocks. The deposit types have similar fluid inclusion and Pb and S isotope characteristics but different geochemical signatures. Quartz veins from both zones have similar thermal and paragenetic histories and contain fluid inclusions that indicate that fluids cooled from between 260?? and 230??C to less than 200??C. Fluid boiling may have contributed to precious-metal deposition. Veins in both zones have relatively high As and Sb and low Bi, Te, and W. The silver zone has high Ca, Pb, Mn, Zn, Cd, Tl, and Se. The gold zone has high Hg and Mo. A few samples from an area of overlap between the two zones share chemical characteristics of both deposit types. The deposit types could represent a single zoned or evolving system in which hydrothermal fluids rose along structures within the silver zone, preferentially deposited Ag and base metals, and then spread into the gold zone. Alternatively, the deposit types could represent two distinct but temporally indistinguishable hydrothermal cells that only narrowly overlapped spatially. As noted in previous studies, the hydrothermal fluids that generated the Tuscarora and other epithermal deposits could have evolved from Carlin-type fluids by boiling and mixing with meteoric water. If so, the Tuscarora deposit may represent epithermal conditions above Carlin-type deposits, and Carlin-type deposits may lie beneath the district.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Economic Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Castor, S., Boden, D., Henry, C., Cline, J.S., Hofstra, A., McIntosh, W.C., Tosdal, R., and Wooden, J., 2003, The Tuscarora Au-Ag district: Eocene volcanic-hosted epithermal deposits in the Carlin gold region, Nevada: Economic Geology, v. 98, no. 2, p. 339-366.","startPage":"339","endPage":"366","numberOfPages":"28","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235051,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"98","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba924e4b08c986b32208b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Castor, S.B.","contributorId":90832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Castor","given":"S.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boden, D.R.","contributorId":28049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boden","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Henry, C.D.","contributorId":58306,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henry","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cline, J. S.","contributorId":39541,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cline","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hofstra, A. H. 0000-0002-2450-1593","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2450-1593","contributorId":41426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hofstra","given":"A. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"McIntosh, W. C.","contributorId":68039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McIntosh","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Tosdal, R. M.","contributorId":54982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tosdal","given":"R. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Wooden, J.P.","contributorId":33102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wooden","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70025138,"text":"70025138 - 2003 - Stratigraphy and palaeoclimatic significance of Late Quaternary loess-palaeosol sequences of the Last Interglacial-Glacial cycle in central Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:56","indexId":"70025138","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3219,"text":"Quaternary Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stratigraphy and palaeoclimatic significance of Late Quaternary loess-palaeosol sequences of the Last Interglacial-Glacial cycle in central Alaska","docAbstract":"Loess is one of the most widespread subaerial deposits in Alaska and adjacent Yukon Territory and may have a history that goes back 3 Ma. Based on mineralogy and major and trace element chemistry, central Alaskan loess has a composition that is distinctive from other loess bodies of the world, although it is quartz-dominated. Central Alaskan loess was probably derived from a variety of rock types, including granites, metabasalts and schists. Detailed stratigraphic data and pedologic criteria indicate that, contrary to early studies, many palaeosols are present in central Alaskan loess sections. The buried soils indicate that loess sedimentation was episodic, or at least rates of deposition decreased to the point where pedogenesis could keep ahead of aeolian input. As in China, loess deposition and pedogenesis are likely competing processes and neither stops completely during either phase of the loess/soil formation cycle. Loess deposition in central Alaska took place before, and probably during the last interglacial period, during stadials of the mid-Wisconsin period, during the last glacial period and during the Holocene. An unexpected result of our geochronological studies is that only moderate loess deposition took place during the last glacial period. Our studies lead us to conclude that vegetation plays a key role in loess accumulation in Alaska. Factors favouring loess production are enhanced during glacial periods but factors that favour loess accumulation are diminished during glacial periods. The most important of these is vegetation; boreal forest serves as an effective loess trap, but sparsely distributed herb tundra does not. Thus, thick accumulations of loess should not be expected where tundra vegetation was dominant and this is borne out by modern studies near the treeline in central Alaska. Much of the stratigraphic diversity of North American loess, including that found in the Central Lowlands, the Great Plains, and Alaska is explained by a new model that emphasizes the relative importance of loess production factors versus loess accumulation factors.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Science Reviews","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0277-3791(03)00167-7","issn":"02773791","usgsCitation":"Muhs, D., Ager, T.A., Bettis, E., McGeehin, J., Been, J., Beget, J.E., Pavich, M., Stafford, T.W., and Stevens, D., 2003, Stratigraphy and palaeoclimatic significance of Late Quaternary loess-palaeosol sequences of the Last Interglacial-Glacial cycle in central Alaska: Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 22, no. 18-19, p. 1947-1986, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-3791(03)00167-7.","startPage":"1947","endPage":"1986","numberOfPages":"40","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209514,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0277-3791(03)00167-7"},{"id":236060,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"18-19","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b99ace4b08c986b31c542","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Muhs, D.R. 0000-0001-7449-251X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7449-251X","contributorId":61460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muhs","given":"D.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ager, T. A.","contributorId":88386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ager","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bettis, E. Arthur III","contributorId":72822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bettis","given":"E. Arthur","suffix":"III","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McGeehin, J.","contributorId":49554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGeehin","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Been, J.M.","contributorId":26685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Been","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Beget, J. E.","contributorId":63392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beget","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Pavich, M.J.","contributorId":70788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pavich","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Stafford, Thomas W. Jr.","contributorId":21283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stafford","given":"Thomas","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Stevens, D.A.S.P.","contributorId":21330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stevens","given":"D.A.S.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70025598,"text":"70025598 - 2003 - Estimation of hectare-scale soil-moisture characteristics from aquifer-test data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-16T07:37:44","indexId":"70025598","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimation of hectare-scale soil-moisture characteristics from aquifer-test data","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id9\" class=\"abstract author\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id10\"><p><span>Analysis of a 72-h, constant-rate&nbsp;aquifer&nbsp;test conducted in a coarse-grained and highly permeable, glacial outwash deposit on Cape Cod, Massachusetts revealed that drawdowns measured in 20&nbsp;piezometers&nbsp;located at various depths below the&nbsp;water table&nbsp;and distances from the pumped well were significantly influenced by effects of drainage from the&nbsp;</span>vadose zone<span>. The influence was greatest in piezometers located close to the water table and diminished with increasing depth. The influence of the vadose zone was evident from a gap, in the intermediate-time zone, between measured drawdowns and drawdowns computed under the assumption that drainage from the vadose zone occurred instantaneously in response to a decline in the elevation of the water table. By means of an analytical model that was designed to account for time-varying drainage, simulated drawdowns could be closely fitted to measured drawdowns regardless of the piezometer locations. Because of the exceptional quality and quantity of the data and the relatively small aquifer heterogeneity, it was possible by inverse modeling to estimate all relevant aquifer parameters and a set of three empirical constants used in the upper-boundary condition to account for the dynamic drainage process. The empirical constants were used to define a one-dimensional (1D) drainage versus time curve that is assumed to be representative of the bulk material overlying the water table. The curve was inverted with a&nbsp;parameter estimation&nbsp;algorithm and a 1D numerical model for variably saturated flow to obtain soil-moisture retention curves and unsaturated&nbsp;hydraulic conductivity&nbsp;relationships defined by the Brooks and Corey equations. Direct analysis of the aquifer-test data using a parameter estimation algorithm and a two-dimensional, axisymmetric numerical model for variably saturated flow yielded similar soil-moisture characteristics. Results suggest that hectare-scale soil-moisture characteristics are different from core-scale predictions and even relatively small amounts of fine-grained material and heterogeneity can dominate the large-scale soil-moisture characteristics and aquifer response.</span></p></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0022-1694(03)00202-6","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Moench, A., 2003, Estimation of hectare-scale soil-moisture characteristics from aquifer-test data: Journal of Hydrology, v. 281, no. 1-2, p. 82-95, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(03)00202-6.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"82","endPage":"95","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":209398,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(03)00202-6"},{"id":235796,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"281","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0b90e4b0c8380cd5279b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moench, A.F.","contributorId":91495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moench","given":"A.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70026236,"text":"70026236 - 2003 - Effects of ration level on immune functions in chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-26T16:38:45","indexId":"70026236","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":853,"text":"Aquaculture","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of ration level on immune functions in chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)","docAbstract":"<p>The relationship between nutritional status and disease resistance in cultured salmonids can be affected by dietary manipulations. Careful attention to feeding levels may be important to avoid imbalances in nutrient levels that could ultimately impair a fish's ability to resist infectious microorganisms. In the current study, fish in three feed-level groups were fed an experimental diet either to satiation, 64% of satiation or 40% of satiation. A fourth group of fish were fed a commercial diet at the 64% of satiation level and served as controls. To evaluate certain indices of disease resistance in the test and control fish, a panel of assays was employed to measure humoral and cellular immune functions 30, 39 and 54 weeks after starting the dietary treatments. The panel included measures of blood hematocrit and leucocrit levels, plasma protein concentration and serum lysozyme and complement activity. Cellular analyses included differential blood leucocyte counts, NBT reduction and phagocytosis by pronephros macrophages and myeloperoxidase activity of pronephros neutrophils. No differences were observed in those indices between fish tested from the control-diet group (commercial diet fed at the 64% rate) and fish tested from the 64% feed-level group, except that fish fed the commercial diet had a greater concentration of plasma protein. Leucocrit values and plasma protein concentrations tended to increase among the experimental feed groups as the ration increased from 40% to satiation. More importantly, phagocytic activity by anterior kidney leucocytes was found to be inversely proportional to the feed level. Whereas the results of this study provide evidence that the salmonid immune system may be fairly robust with regard to available metabolic energy, the significant changes observed in phagocytic cell activity suggest that some cellular immune functions may be affected by the feed level.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0044-8486(02)00369-1","issn":"00448486","usgsCitation":"Alcorn, S., Pascho, R., Murray, A., and Shearer, K., 2003, Effects of ration level on immune functions in chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha): Aquaculture, v. 217, no. 1-4, p. 529-545, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(02)00369-1.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"529","endPage":"545","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234429,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208594,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(02)00369-1"}],"volume":"217","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a07a8e4b0c8380cd51783","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alcorn, S.W.","contributorId":37499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alcorn","given":"S.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pascho, R.J.","contributorId":65796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pascho","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Murray, A.L.","contributorId":70151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murray","given":"A.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shearer, K.D.","contributorId":40391,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shearer","given":"K.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70025617,"text":"70025617 - 2003 - Depositional environments and processes in Upper Cretaceous nonmarine and marine sediments, Ocean Point dinosaur locality, North Slope, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:55","indexId":"70025617","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1344,"text":"Cretaceous Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Depositional environments and processes in Upper Cretaceous nonmarine and marine sediments, Ocean Point dinosaur locality, North Slope, Alaska","docAbstract":"A 178-m-thick stratigraphic section exposed along the lower Colville River in northern Alaska, near Ocean Point, represents the uppermost part of a 1500 m Upper Cretaceous stratigraphic section. Strata exposed at Ocean Point are assigned to the Prince Creek and Schrader Bluff formations. Three major depositional environments are identified consisting, in ascending order, of floodplain, interdistributary-bay, and shallow-marine shelf. Nonmarine strata, comprising the lower 140 m of this section, consist of fluvial distributaries, overbank sediments, tephra beds, organic-rich beds, and vertebrate remains. Tephras yield isotopic ages between 68 and 72.9 Ma, generally consistent with paleontologic ages of late Campanian-Maastrichtian determined from dinosaur remains, pollen, foraminifers, and ostracodes. Meandering low-energy rivers on a low-gradient, low-relief floodplain carried a suspended-sediment load. The rivers formed multistoried channel deposits (channels to 10 m deep) as well as solitary channel deposits (channels 2-5 m deep). Extensive overbank deposits resulting from episodic flooding formed fining-upward strata on the floodplain. The fining-upward strata are interbedded with tephra and beds of organic-rich sediment. Vertical-accretion deposits containing abundant roots indicate a sheet flood origin for many beds. Vertebrate and nonmarine invertebrate fossils along with plant debris were locally concentrated in the floodplain sediment. Deciduous conifers as well as abundant wetland plants, such as ferns, horsetails, and mosses, covered the coastal plain. Dinosaur skeletal remains have been found concentrated in floodplain sediments in organic-rich bone beds and as isolated bones in fluvial channel deposits in at least nine separate horizons within a 100-m-thick interval. Arenaceous foraminifers in some organic-rich beds and shallow fluvial distributaries indicate a lower coastal plain environment with marginal marine (bay) influence. Marginal marine strata representing interdistributary bay deposits overlie the nonmarine beds and comprise about 15 m of section. Extensive vegetated sand flats, shoals, and shallow channels overlain by shallow bay deposits (less than 7 m deep), containing storm-generated strata characterize the marginal marine beds. Abundant bioturbation and roots characterize the stratigraphic lowest bay deposits; bioturbated sediment, pelecypods, barnacles, and benthic microfossils are found in the overlying bay storm deposits. The sediments abruptly change upward from hummocky cross-stratified bay deposits to a muddy marsh deposit containing shallow organic-rich channels to prograding nonmarine to marginal marine beds. Transgressive, abundantly fossiliferous shallow-marine strata more than 13 m thick comprise the uppermost exposures at Ocean Point. The marine beds overlie nonmarine and bay strata and represent an environment dominated episodically by storms. The age of the marginal marine and marine beds is late Maastrichtian based on pollen. ?? 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Cretaceous Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0195-6671(03)00068-5","issn":"01956671","usgsCitation":"Phillips, R., 2003, Depositional environments and processes in Upper Cretaceous nonmarine and marine sediments, Ocean Point dinosaur locality, North Slope, Alaska: Cretaceous Research, v. 24, no. 5, p. 499-523, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0195-6671(03)00068-5.","startPage":"499","endPage":"523","numberOfPages":"25","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478584,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://doc.rero.ch/record/14533/files/PAL_E1735.pdf","text":"External Repository"},{"id":209530,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0195-6671(03)00068-5"},{"id":236091,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059febfe4b0c8380cd4eedc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Phillips, R. L.","contributorId":98289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"R. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70025597,"text":"70025597 - 2003 - A multiscaled model of southwestern willow flycatcher breeding habitat","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-21T18:50:32.550223","indexId":"70025597","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A multiscaled model of southwestern willow flycatcher breeding habitat","docAbstract":"<p>The southwestern willow flycatcher (SWFL; Empidonax traillii extimus) is an endangered songbird whose habitat has declined dramatically over the last century. Understanding habitat selection patterns and the ability to identify potential breeding areas for the SWFL is crucial to the management and conservation of this species. We developed a multiscaled model of SWTL breeding habitat with a Geographic Information System (GIS), survey data, GIS variables, and multiple logistic regressions. We obtained presence and absence survey data from a riverine ecosystem and a reservoir delta in south-central Arizona, USA, in 1999. We extracted the GIS variables from satellite imagery and digital elevation models to characterize vegetation and floodplain within the project area. We used multiple logistic regressions within a cell-based (30 X 30 m) modeling environment to (1) determine associations between GIS variables and breeding-site occurrence at different spatial scales (0.09-72 ha), and (2) construct a predictive model. Our best model explained 54% of the variability in breeding-site occurrence with the following variables: vegetation density at the site (0.09 ha), proportion of dense vegetation and variability in vegetation density within a 4.5-ha neighborhood, and amount of floodplain or flat terrain within a 41-ha neighborhood. The density of breeding sites was highest in areas that the model predicted to be most suitable within the project area and at an external test site 200 km away. Conservation efforts must focus on protecting not only occupied patches, but also surrounding riparian forests and floodplain to ensure long-term viability of SWTL. We will use the multiscaled model to map SWTL breeding habitat in Arizona, prioritize future survey effort, and examine changes in habitat abundance and quality over time.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","doi":"10.2307/3802685","issn":"0022541X","usgsCitation":"Hatten, J., and Paradzick, C., 2003, A multiscaled model of southwestern willow flycatcher breeding habitat: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 67, no. 4, p. 774-788, https://doi.org/10.2307/3802685.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"774","endPage":"788","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":388300,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"south-central Arizona","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -113.37890625,\n              31.466153715024294\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.951171875,\n              31.466153715024294\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.951171875,\n              34.56085936708384\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.37890625,\n              34.56085936708384\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.37890625,\n              31.466153715024294\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"67","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e490e4b0c8380cd4671b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hatten, J.R.","contributorId":39564,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatten","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Paradzick, C.E.","contributorId":87345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paradzick","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70025458,"text":"70025458 - 2003 - Data-based comparisons of moments estimators using historical and paleoflood data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:30","indexId":"70025458","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Data-based comparisons of moments estimators using historical and paleoflood data","docAbstract":"This paper presents the first systematic comparison, using historical and paleoflood data, of moments-based flood frequency methods. Peak flow estimates were compiled from streamflow-gaging stations with historical and/or paleoflood data at 36 sites located in the United States, Argentina, United Kingdom and China, covering a diverse range of hydrologic conditions. The Expected Moments Algorithm (EMA) and the Bulletin 17B historical weighting procedure (B17H) were compared in terms of goodness of fit using 25 of the data sets. Results from this comparison indicate that EMA is a viable alternative to current B17H procedures from an operational perspective, and performed equal to or better than B17H for the data analyzed. We demonstrate satisfactory EMA performance for the remaining 11 sites with multiple thresholds and binomial censoring, which B17H cannot accommodate. It is shown that the EMA estimator readily incorporates these types of information and the LP-III distribution provided an adequate fit to the data in most cases. The results shown here are consistent with Monte Carlo simulation studies, and demonstrate that EMA is preferred overall to B17H. The Bulletin 17B document could be revised to include an option for EMA as an alternative to the existing historical weighting approach. These results are of practical relevance to hydrologists and water resources managers for applications in floodplain management, design of hydraulic structures, and risk analysis for dams. ?? 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0022-1694(03)00141-0","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"England, J., Jarrett, R., and Salas, J., 2003, Data-based comparisons of moments estimators using historical and paleoflood data: Journal of Hydrology, v. 278, no. 1-4, p. 172-196, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(03)00141-0.","startPage":"172","endPage":"196","numberOfPages":"25","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209409,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(03)00141-0"},{"id":235823,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"278","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fdcfe4b0c8380cd4e95a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"England, J.F. Jr.","contributorId":42405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"England","given":"J.F.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jarrett, R.D.","contributorId":36551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jarrett","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Salas, J.D.","contributorId":84962,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Salas","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70025861,"text":"70025861 - 2003 - Photographic techniques for characterizing streambed particle sizes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-07T18:17:39","indexId":"70025861","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Photographic techniques for characterizing streambed particle sizes","docAbstract":"<p><span>We developed photographic techniques to characterize coarse (&gt;2-mm) and fine (≤2-mm) streambed particle sizes in 12 streams in Anchorage, Alaska. Results were compared with current sampling techniques to assess which provided greater sampling efficiency and accuracy. The streams sampled were wadeable and contained gravel—cobble streambeds. Gradients ranged from about 5% at the upstream sites to about 0.25% at the downstream sites. Mean particle sizes and size-frequency distributions resulting from digitized photographs differed significantly from those resulting from Wolman pebble counts for five sites in the analysis. Wolman counts were biased toward selecting larger particles. Photographic analysis also yielded a greater number of measured particles (mean = 989) than did the Wolman counts (mean = 328). Stream embeddedness ratings assigned from field and photographic observations were significantly different at 5 of the 12 sites, although both types of ratings showed a positive relationship with digitized surface fines. Visual estimates of embeddedness and digitized surface fines may both be useful indicators of benthic conditions, but digitizing surface fines produces quantitative rather than qualitative data. Benefits of the photographic techniques include reduced field time, minimal streambed disturbance, convenience of postfield processing, easy sample archiving, and improved accuracy and replication potential.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(2003)132<0605:PTFCSP>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00028487","usgsCitation":"Whitman, M.S., Moran, E.H., and Ourso, R.T., 2003, Photographic techniques for characterizing streambed particle sizes: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 132, no. 3, p. 605-610, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(2003)132<0605:PTFCSP>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"605","endPage":"610","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234680,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"132","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7a22e4b0c8380cd78d55","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Whitman, Matthew S.","contributorId":67961,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Whitman","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":7217,"text":"Bureau of Land Management","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":406851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moran, Edward H. emoran@usgs.gov","contributorId":5445,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moran","given":"Edward","email":"emoran@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":406850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ourso, Robert T. 0000-0002-5952-8681 rtourso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5952-8681","contributorId":203207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ourso","given":"Robert","email":"rtourso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":406849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70025459,"text":"70025459 - 2003 - A numerical simulation of magma motion, crustal deformation, and seismic radiation associated with volcanic eruptions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:30","indexId":"70025459","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1803,"text":"Geophysical Journal International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A numerical simulation of magma motion, crustal deformation, and seismic radiation associated with volcanic eruptions","docAbstract":"The finite difference method is used to calculate the magma dynamics, seismic radiation, and crustal deformation associated with a volcanic eruption. The model geometry consists of a cylindrical reservoir and narrow cylindrical conduit embedded in a homogeneous crust. We consider two models of eruption. In the first model, a lid caps the vent and the magma is overpressurized prior to the eruption. The eruption is triggered by the instantaneous removal of the lid, at which point the exit pressure becomes equal to the atmospheric pressure. In the second model, a plug at the reservoir outlet allows pressurization of only the magmatic fluid in the reservoir before the eruption. Magma transfer between the reservoir and conduit is triggered by the instantaneous removal of the plug, and the eruption occurs when the pressure at the conduit orifice exceeds the material strength of the lid capping the vent. In both models, magma dynamics are expressed by the equations of mass and momentum conservation in a compressible fluid, in which fluid expansion associated with depressurization is accounted for by a constitutive law relating pressure and density. Crustal motions are calculated from the equations of elastodynamics. The fluid and solid are dynamically coupled by applying the continuity of wall velocities and normal stresses across the conduit and reservoir boundaries. Free slip is allowed at the fluid-solid boundary. Both models predict the gradual depletion of the magma reservoir, which causes crustal deformation observed as a long-duration dilatational signal. Superimposed on this very-long-period (VLP) signal generated by mass transport are long-period (LP) oscillations of the magma reservoir and conduit excited by the acoustic resonance of the reservoir-conduit system during the eruption. The volume of the reservoir, vent size, and magma properties control the duration of VLP waves and dominant periods of LP oscillations. The second model predicts that when the magmatic fluid reaches the vent, a high-pressure pulse occurs at this location in accordance with the basic theory of compressible fluid dynamics. This abrupt pressure increase just beneath the vent is consistent with observed seismograms in which pulse-like Rayleigh waves excited by a shallow source are dominant. The strength of the lid plays an important role in the character of the seismograms and in defining the type of eruption observed.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Journal International","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1046/j.1365-246X.2003.01936.x","issn":"0956540X","usgsCitation":"Nishimura, T., and Chouet, B., 2003, A numerical simulation of magma motion, crustal deformation, and seismic radiation associated with volcanic eruptions: Geophysical Journal International, v. 153, no. 3, p. 699-718, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-246X.2003.01936.x.","startPage":"699","endPage":"718","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478580,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-246x.2003.01936.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":209410,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-246X.2003.01936.x"},{"id":235824,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"153","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e4cae4b0c8380cd46927","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nishimura, T.","contributorId":94834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nishimura","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chouet, B.","contributorId":68465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chouet","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70025666,"text":"70025666 - 2003 - Application of geographic information systems and remote sensing for quantifying patterns of erosion and water quality","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:22","indexId":"70025666","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Application of geographic information systems and remote sensing for quantifying patterns of erosion and water quality","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrological Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/hyp.1167","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Ritchie, J., Walling, D., and Peters, J., 2003, Application of geographic information systems and remote sensing for quantifying patterns of erosion and water quality: Hydrological Processes, v. 17, no. 5, p. 885-886, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.1167.","startPage":"885","endPage":"886","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208646,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.1167"},{"id":234529,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-03-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ec9ee4b0c8380cd493af","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ritchie, J.C.","contributorId":89299,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ritchie","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walling, D.E.","contributorId":24481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walling","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Peters, J.","contributorId":58066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peters","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70025847,"text":"70025847 - 2003 - The sedimentary record of climatic and anthropogenic influence on the Patuxent estuary and Chesapeake Bay ecosystems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:32","indexId":"70025847","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1583,"text":"Estuaries","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The sedimentary record of climatic and anthropogenic influence on the Patuxent estuary and Chesapeake Bay ecosystems","docAbstract":"Ecological and paleoecological studies from the Patuxent River mouth reveal dynamic variations in benthic ostracode assemblages over the past 600 years due to climatic and anthropogenic factors. Prior to the late 20th century, centennial-scale changes in species dominance were influenced by climatic and hydrological factors that primarily affected salinity and at times led to oxygen depletion. Decadal-scale droughts also occurred resulting in higher salinities and migration of ostracode species from the deep channel (Loxoconcha sp., Cytheromorpha newportensis) into shallower water along the flanks of the bay. During the 19th century the abundance of Leptocythere nikraveshae and Perissocytheridea brachyforma suggest increased turbidity and decreased salinity. Unprecedented changes in benthic ostracodes at the Patuxent mouth and in the deep channel of the bay occurred after the 1960s when Cytheromorpha curta became the dominant species, reflecting seasonal anoxia. The change in benthic assemblages coincided with the appearance of deformities in foraminifers. A combination of increased nitrate loading due to greater fertilizer use and increased freshwater flow explains this shift. A review of the geochemical and paleoecological evidence for dissolved oxygen indicates that seasonal oxygen depletion in the main channel of Chesapeake Bay varies over centennial and decadal timescales. Prior to 1700 AD, a relatively wet climate and high freshwater runoff led to oxygen depletion but rarely anoxia. Between 1700 and 1900, progressive eutrophication occurred related to land dearance and increased sedimentation, but this was superimposed on the oscillatory pattern of oxygen depletion most likely driven by climatological and hydrological factors. It also seems probable that the four- to five-fold increase in sedimentation due to agricultural and timber activity could have contributed to an increased natural nutrient load, likely fueling the early periods (1700-1900) of hypoxla prior to widespread fertilizer use. Twentieth-century anoxia worsened in the late 1930s-1940s and again around 1970, reaching unprecedented levels in the past few decades. Decadal and interannual variability in oxygen depletion even in the 20th century is still strongly influenced by climatic processes influencing precipitation and freshwater runoff.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Estuaries","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"01608347","usgsCitation":"Cronin, T.M., and Vann, C., 2003, The sedimentary record of climatic and anthropogenic influence on the Patuxent estuary and Chesapeake Bay ecosystems: Estuaries, v. 26, no. 2 A, p. 196-209.","startPage":"196","endPage":"209","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235011,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"2 A","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb005e4b08c986b324b8c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cronin, T. M. 0000-0002-2643-0979","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2643-0979","contributorId":42613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cronin","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":406807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vann, C.D.","contributorId":51951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vann","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
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