{"pageNumber":"2868","pageRowStart":"71675","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184607,"records":[{"id":70026010,"text":"70026010 - 2003 - Fault systems of the 1971 San Fernando and 1994 Northridge earthquakes, southern California: Relocated aftershocks and seismic images from LARSE II","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:25","indexId":"70026010","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fault systems of the 1971 San Fernando and 1994 Northridge earthquakes, southern California: Relocated aftershocks and seismic images from LARSE II","docAbstract":"We have constructed a composite image of the fault systems of the M 6.7 San Fernando (1971) and Northridge (1994), California, earthquakes, using industry reflection and oil test well data in the upper few kilometers of the crust, relocated aftershocks in the seismogenic crust, and LARSE II (Los Angeles Region Seismic Experiment, Phase II) reflection data in the middle and lower crust. In this image, the San Fernando fault system appears to consist of a decollement that extends 50 km northward at a dip of ???25?? from near the surface at the Northridge Hills fault, in the northern San Fernando Valley, to the San Andreas fault in the middle to lower crust. It follows a prominent aseismic reflective zone below and northward of the main-shock hypocenter. Interpreted upward splays off this decollement include the Mission Hills and San Gabriel faults and the two main rupture planes of the San Fernando earthquake, which appear to divide the hanging wall into shingle- or wedge-like blocks. In contrast, the fault system for the Northridge earthquake appears simple, at least east of the LARSE II transect, consisting of a fault that extends 20 km southward at a dip of ???33?? from ???7 km depth beneath the Santa Susana Mountains, where it abuts the interpreted San Fernando decollement, to ???20 km depth beneath the Santa Monica Mountains. It follows a weak aseismic reflective zone below and southward of the mainshock hypocenter. The middle crustal reflective zone along the interpreted San Fernando decollement appears similar to a reflective zone imaged beneath the San Gabriel Mountains along the LARSE I transect, to the east, in that it appears to connect major reverse or thrust faults in the Los Angeles region to the San Andreas fault. However, it differs in having a moderate versus a gentle dip and in containing no mid-crustal bright reflections.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Fuis, G., Clayton, R., Davis, P., Ryberg, T., Lutter, W.J., Okaya, D.A., Hauksson, E., Prodehl, C., Murphy, J., Benthien, M., Baher, S., Kohler, M., Thygesen, K., Simila, G., and Keller, G.R., 2003, Fault systems of the 1971 San Fernando and 1994 Northridge earthquakes, southern California: Relocated aftershocks and seismic images from LARSE II: Geology, v. 31, no. 2, p. 171-174.","startPage":"171","endPage":"174","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234725,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0f1de4b0c8380cd53790","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fuis, G. S.","contributorId":83131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuis","given":"G. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clayton, R.W.","contributorId":63413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clayton","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Davis, P.M.","contributorId":15229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"P.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ryberg, T.","contributorId":91643,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryberg","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lutter, W. J.","contributorId":90361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lutter","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Okaya, D. A.","contributorId":64280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Okaya","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hauksson, E.","contributorId":10932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hauksson","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Prodehl, C.","contributorId":100376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prodehl","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Murphy, J.M.","contributorId":84760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murphy","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Benthien, M.L.","contributorId":20780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benthien","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Baher, S.A.","contributorId":14168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baher","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Kohler, M.D.","contributorId":47399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kohler","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Thygesen, K.","contributorId":56840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thygesen","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Simila, G.","contributorId":18151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simila","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Keller, Gordon R.","contributorId":90280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keller","given":"Gordon","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15}]}}
,{"id":70026049,"text":"70026049 - 2003 - Effects of episodic acidification on Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) smolts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:35","indexId":"70026049","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of episodic acidification on Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) smolts","docAbstract":"The effect of episodic acidification on Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) smolt physiology and survival in fresh water (FW) and seawater (SW) was investigated. Smolts were held in either ambient (control, pH 6.0-6.6), acidified (chronic, pH 4.4-6.1), or episodically acidified (episodic, pH reduction from control levels to pH ???5.2 for 48 h once weekly) river water for 31 days and then transferred to 34??? SW. Smolts fed little while in acidified conditions and chronic smolts did not grow in length or weight. In FW, chronic smolts experienced increases in hematocrit and plasma potassium and reductions in plasma sodium and chloride. Upon transfer to SW, chronic and episodic smolts experienced reductions in hematocrit, increases in plasma sodium, chloride, and potassium levels, and suffered mortalities. Gill Na+,K+-ATPase and citrate synthase activities were reduced by exposure to acid. For most parameters, the effect of episodic acid exposure was less than that of chronic acidification. Exposure to acidic conditions, even when short in duration and followed by a 30-h recovery period in suitable water (pH 6.5), led to a 35% mortality of smolts upon transfer to SW. This study highlights the importance of measuring and assessing sublethal stresses in FW and their ultimate effects in marine ecosystems.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1139/f03-015","issn":"0706652X","usgsCitation":"Magee, J., Obedzinski, M., McCormick, S., and Kocik, J., 2003, Effects of episodic acidification on Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) smolts: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 60, no. 2, p. 214-221, https://doi.org/10.1139/f03-015.","startPage":"214","endPage":"221","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208819,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f03-015"},{"id":234843,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"60","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a06e1e4b0c8380cd51470","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Magee, J.A.","contributorId":8803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Magee","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Obedzinski, M.","contributorId":78513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Obedzinski","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McCormick, S. D. 0000-0003-0621-6200","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0621-6200","contributorId":20278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCormick","given":"S. D.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":407701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kocik, J.F.","contributorId":12420,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kocik","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70026121,"text":"70026121 - 2003 - Use of sand wave habitats by silver hake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-04T18:54:01","indexId":"70026121","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2285,"text":"Journal of Fish Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of sand wave habitats by silver hake","docAbstract":"Silver hake Merluccius bilinearis are common members of fish communities in sand wave habitats on Georges Bank and on Stellwagen Bank in the Gulf of Maine. Observations of fish size v. sand wave period showed that silver hake are not randomly distributed within sand wave landscapes. Regression analyses showed a significant positive relationship between sand wave period and fish length. Correlation coefficients, however, were low, suggesting other interactions with sand wave morphology, the range of current velocities, and available prey may also influence their distribution. Direct contact with sand wave habitats varied over diel periods, with more fish resting on the seafloor during daytime than at night. Social foraging, in the form of polarized groups of fish swimming in linear formations during crepuscular and daytime periods, was also observed. Sand wave habitats may provide shelter from current flows and mediate fish-prey interactions. ?? 2003 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Fish Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1046/j.1095-8649.2003.00016.x","issn":"00221112","usgsCitation":"Auster, P., Lindholm, J., Schaub, S., Funnell, G., Kaufman, L., and Valentine, P.C., 2003, Use of sand wave habitats by silver hake: Journal of Fish Biology, v. 62, no. 1, p. 143-152, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1095-8649.2003.00016.x.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"143","endPage":"152","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234848,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208821,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1095-8649.2003.00016.x"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Maine","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -71.3671875,\n              40.613952441166596\n            ],\n            [\n              -64.97314453125,\n              40.613952441166596\n            ],\n            [\n              -64.97314453125,\n              45.120052841530544\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.3671875,\n              45.120052841530544\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.3671875,\n              40.613952441166596\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"62","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-02-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbf70e4b08c986b329b73","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Auster, P.J.","contributorId":99323,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Auster","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lindholm, J.","contributorId":7052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindholm","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schaub, S.","contributorId":64427,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaub","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Funnell, G.","contributorId":99748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Funnell","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kaufman, L.S.","contributorId":73548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaufman","given":"L.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Valentine, P. C.","contributorId":46505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valentine","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70026009,"text":"70026009 - 2003 - Potential effects of climate change on ground water in Lansing, Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-21T17:59:26.554716","indexId":"70026009","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Potential effects of climate change on ground water in Lansing, Michigan","docAbstract":"<p><span>Computer simulations involving general circulation models, a hydrologic modeling system, and a ground water flow model indicate potential impacts of selected climate change projections on ground water levels in the Lansing, Michigan, area. General circulation models developed by the Canadian Climate Centre and the Hadley Centre generated meteorology estimates for 1961 through 1990 (as a reference condition) and for the 20 years centered on 2030 (as a changed climate condition). Using these meteorology estimates, the Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory's hydrologic modeling system produced corresponding period streamflow simulations. Ground water recharge was estimated from the streamflow simulations and from variables derived from the general circulation models. The U.S. Geological Survey developed a numerical ground water flow model of the Saginaw and glacial aquifers in the Tri-County region surrounding Lansing, Michigan. Model simulations, using the ground water recharge estimates, indicate changes in ground water levels. Within the Lansing area, simulated ground water levels in the Saginaw aquifer declined under the Canadian predictions and increased under the Hadley.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.2003.tb01568.x","issn":"1093474X","usgsCitation":"Croley, T., and Luukkonen, C.L., 2003, Potential effects of climate change on ground water in Lansing, Michigan: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 39, no. 1, p. 149-163, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2003.tb01568.x.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"149","endPage":"163","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":388285,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United  States","state":"Michigan","city":"Lansing","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -84.814453125,\n              42.62587560259137\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.276123046875,\n              42.62587560259137\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.276123046875,\n              42.94033923363181\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.814453125,\n              42.94033923363181\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.814453125,\n              42.62587560259137\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"39","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7ecfe4b0c8380cd7a776","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Croley, T.E. II","contributorId":58381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Croley","given":"T.E.","suffix":"II","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Luukkonen, C. L.","contributorId":28962,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luukkonen","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70026007,"text":"70026007 - 2003 - Home range and movements of boreal toads in undisturbed habitat","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-27T15:33:10.426138","indexId":"70026007","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1337,"text":"Copeia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Home range and movements of boreal toads in undisturbed habitat","docAbstract":"<p><span>I sampled&nbsp;</span>movements<span>&nbsp;and amount of area used by&nbsp;</span>boreal<span>&nbsp;</span>toads<span>&nbsp;(Bufo boreas) between June and October for 3 yr. Females were found farther from the breeding site than were males, and mean&nbsp;</span>home<span>&nbsp;ranges, as calculated by the adaptive kernel method, were four times larger for females than for males. Temperature and snow accumulation were comparable over the study, but data collection was hampered by mortality of animals caused by an outbreak of amphibian chytridiomycosis&nbsp;</span>in<span>&nbsp;yr 2. These data provide insight into use of&nbsp;</span>habitat<span>&nbsp;by&nbsp;</span>boreal<span>&nbsp;</span>toads<span>&nbsp;</span>in<span>&nbsp;</span>undisturbed<span>&nbsp;areas but may not be typical of a completely healthy population.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists","doi":"10.1643/0045-8511(2003)003[0160:HRAMOB]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00458511","usgsCitation":"Muths, E., 2003, Home range and movements of boreal toads in undisturbed habitat: Copeia, no. 1, p. 160-165, https://doi.org/10.1643/0045-8511(2003)003[0160:HRAMOB]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"160","endPage":"165","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":387471,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3200e4b0c8380cd5e438","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Muths, E.","contributorId":6394,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muths","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70026050,"text":"70026050 - 2003 - Modern, Sangamon and Yarmouth soil development in loess of unglaciated southwestern Illinois","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:35","indexId":"70026050","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3219,"text":"Quaternary Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modern, Sangamon and Yarmouth soil development in loess of unglaciated southwestern Illinois","docAbstract":"The Thebes Section in unglaciated southwestern Illinois contains a well preserved ??? 500 kyr loess-paleosol sequence with four loesses and three interglacial soils. Various magnetic, mineralogical, and elemental properties were analyzed and compared over the thickness of soil sola. These proxies for soil] development intensity have the following trend: Yarmouth Geosol > Sangamon Geosol > modern soil. Quartz/plagioclase, Zr/Sr, and TiO2/Na2O ratios were most sensitive to weathering. Frequency dependent magnetic susceptibility and anhysteretic remanent magnetization, greatest in A horizons, also correspond well with soil development intensity. Neoformed mixed-layered kaolinite/expandables, suggestive of a warm/humid climate, were detected in the Sangamon and Yarmouth soil sola. Clay illuviation in soils was among the least sensitive indicators of soil development. Differences in properties among interglacial soils are interpreted to primarily reflect soil development duration, with climatic effects being secondary. Assuming logarithmic decreases in weathering rates, the observed weathering in the Sangamon Geosol is consistent with 50 kyr of interglacial weathering (Oxygen Isotope Stage 5) compared to 10 kyr for the modern soil (Oxygen Isotope Stage 1). We propose that the Yarmouth Geosol in the central Midwest formed over 180 kyr of interglacial weathering (including oxygen isotope stages 7, 9, and 11). ?? 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Science Reviews","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0277-3791(02)00039-2","issn":"02773791","usgsCitation":"Grimley, D., Follmer, L., Hughes, R., and Solheid, P., 2003, Modern, Sangamon and Yarmouth soil development in loess of unglaciated southwestern Illinois: Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 22, no. 2-4, p. 225-244, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-3791(02)00039-2.","startPage":"225","endPage":"244","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208820,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0277-3791(02)00039-2"},{"id":234844,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"2-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5ca5e4b0c8380cd6fe4f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grimley, D.A.","contributorId":18530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grimley","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Follmer, L.R.","contributorId":19294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Follmer","given":"L.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hughes, R.E.","contributorId":84497,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hughes","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Solheid, P.A.","contributorId":88131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Solheid","given":"P.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70025745,"text":"70025745 - 2003 - Interactions between dissolved organic matter and mercury in the Florida Everglades","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-05T14:38:20","indexId":"70025745","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2138,"text":"Journal De Physique. IV : JP","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interactions between dissolved organic matter and mercury in the Florida Everglades","docAbstract":"<p><span>Experiments were conducted using organic matter isolated from various surface waters in the Florida Everglades to study the interactions between dissolved organic matter (DOM) and Hg (II). Conditional distribution coefficients (&nbsp;</span><img src=\"https://jp4.journaldephysique.org/articles/jp4/abs/2003/05/jp4pr5p029/img1.gif\" border=\"0\" alt=\"$K_{DOM^\\prime}$\" width=\"49\" height=\"26\" align=\"MIDDLE\" data-mce-src=\"https://jp4.journaldephysique.org/articles/jp4/abs/2003/05/jp4pr5p029/img1.gif\"><span>), obtained using an equilibriurn dialysis ligand exchange method, were strongly affected by the Hg/DOM concentration ratio. Very strong interactions (&nbsp;</span><img src=\"https://jp4.journaldephysique.org/articles/jp4/abs/2003/05/jp4pr5p029/img2.gif\" border=\"0\" alt=\"$K_{{\\rm DOM}^\\prime}$\" width=\"46\" height=\"26\" align=\"MIDDLE\" data-mce-src=\"https://jp4.journaldephysique.org/articles/jp4/abs/2003/05/jp4pr5p029/img2.gif\"><span>&nbsp;= 10&nbsp;</span><img src=\"https://jp4.journaldephysique.org/articles/jp4/abs/2003/05/jp4pr5p029/img3.gif\" border=\"0\" alt=\"$^{23.2 \\pm 05}$\" width=\"43\" height=\"15\" align=\"BOTTOM\" data-mce-src=\"https://jp4.journaldephysique.org/articles/jp4/abs/2003/05/jp4pr5p029/img3.gif\"><span>&nbsp;L kg&nbsp;</span><sup>-1</sup><span>), indicative of Hg-thiol bonds, were observed at Hg/DOM ratios below approximately 1&nbsp;</span><img src=\"https://jp4.journaldephysique.org/articles/jp4/abs/2003/05/jp4pr5p029/img4.gif\" border=\"0\" alt=\"$\\mu$\" width=\"11\" height=\"25\" align=\"MIDDLE\" data-mce-src=\"https://jp4.journaldephysique.org/articles/jp4/abs/2003/05/jp4pr5p029/img4.gif\"><span>g Hg per mg DOM. Above approximately 10&nbsp;</span><img src=\"https://jp4.journaldephysique.org/articles/jp4/abs/2003/05/jp4pr5p029/img4.gif\" border=\"0\" alt=\"$\\mu$\" width=\"11\" height=\"25\" align=\"MIDDLE\" data-mce-src=\"https://jp4.journaldephysique.org/articles/jp4/abs/2003/05/jp4pr5p029/img4.gif\"><span>g Hg per mg DOM much lower&nbsp;</span><img src=\"https://jp4.journaldephysique.org/articles/jp4/abs/2003/05/jp4pr5p029/img2.gif\" border=\"0\" alt=\"$K_{{\\rm DOM}^\\prime}$\" width=\"46\" height=\"26\" align=\"MIDDLE\" data-mce-src=\"https://jp4.journaldephysique.org/articles/jp4/abs/2003/05/jp4pr5p029/img2.gif\"><span>&nbsp;values (&nbsp;</span><img src=\"https://jp4.journaldephysique.org/articles/jp4/abs/2003/05/jp4pr5p029/img5.gif\" border=\"0\" alt=\"$10^{10.7\\pm 05}$\" width=\"57\" height=\"14\" align=\"BOTTOM\" data-mce-src=\"https://jp4.journaldephysique.org/articles/jp4/abs/2003/05/jp4pr5p029/img5.gif\"><span>&nbsp;L kg&nbsp;</span><sup>-1</sup><span>) were obtained. DOM-Hg interactions were also studied by HgS (log K&nbsp;</span><img src=\"https://jp4.journaldephysique.org/articles/jp4/abs/2003/05/jp4pr5p029/img6.gif\" border=\"0\" alt=\"$_{\\rm sp}=-52.4$\" width=\"68\" height=\"25\" align=\"MIDDLE\" data-mce-src=\"https://jp4.journaldephysique.org/articles/jp4/abs/2003/05/jp4pr5p029/img6.gif\"><span>) dissolution and precipitation experiments. In the dissolution experiments, a significant amount of Hg was released from cinnabar in the presence of DOM, suggesting strong interactions. Conversely, precipitation of HgS was strongly inhibited in the presence of low concentrations (&nbsp;</span><img src=\"https://jp4.journaldephysique.org/articles/jp4/abs/2003/05/jp4pr5p029/img7.gif\" border=\"0\" alt=\"$\\leq$\" width=\"14\" height=\"25\" align=\"MIDDLE\" data-mce-src=\"https://jp4.journaldephysique.org/articles/jp4/abs/2003/05/jp4pr5p029/img7.gif\"><span>3 mg C/L) of DOM. In both the dissolution and precipitation experiments, organic matter rich in aromatic moities was more reactive with HgS than less aromatic fractions and sulfur-containing model compounds. These results suggest that DOM can influence the geochemistry of inorganic complexes of Hg in the Everglades, especially HgS, by strong Hg-DOM binding and colloidal stabilization.</span></p>","conferenceTitle":"XII International Conference on Heavy Metals in the Environment","conferenceDate":"May 26-30, 2003","conferenceLocation":"Grenoble, France","language":"English","publisher":"ECO Sciences ","doi":"10.1051/jp4:20030235","issn":"11554339","usgsCitation":"Aiken, G., Haitzer, M., Ryan, J.N., Nagy, K., and Aiken, G., 2003, Interactions between dissolved organic matter and mercury in the Florida Everglades: Journal De Physique. IV : JP, v. 107, no. I, p. 29-32, https://doi.org/10.1051/jp4:20030235.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"29","endPage":"32","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234637,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Everglades","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -81.8756103515625,\n              25.08062377244484\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.15625,\n              25.08062377244484\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.15625,\n              26.377106813670053\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.8756103515625,\n              26.377106813670053\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.8756103515625,\n              25.08062377244484\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"107","issue":"I","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3cc0e4b0c8380cd62fe8","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Boutron C.Ferrari C.","contributorId":128414,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Boutron C.Ferrari C.","id":536573,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Aiken, G.","contributorId":82066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiken","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haitzer, M.","contributorId":94812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haitzer","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ryan, J. N.","contributorId":102649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryan","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nagy, K.","contributorId":10969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nagy","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Aiken, George 0000-0001-8454-0984","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8454-0984","contributorId":208803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiken","given":"George","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":778873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70025746,"text":"70025746 - 2003 - Factors associated with stocked cutthroat trout populations in high-mountain lakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:22","indexId":"70025746","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Factors associated with stocked cutthroat trout populations in high-mountain lakes","docAbstract":"High-mountain lakes provide important fisheries in the Rocky Mountains; therefore we sought to gain an understanding of the relationships among environmental factors, accessibility to anglers, stocking rates, and features of stocks of cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarki in high-mountain lakes of the Bighorn Mountains, Wyoming. We sampled fish with experimental gill nets, measured lake habitat features, and calculated factors affecting angler access among 19 lakes that lacked sufficient natural reproduction to support salmonid fisheries and that were stocked at 1-, 2-, or 4-year intervals with fingerling cutthroat trout. We found that angler accessibility was probably the primary factor affecting stock structure, whereas stocking rates affected the densities of cutthroat trout among lakes. The maximum number of years survived after stocking appeared to have the greatest affect on biomass and population structure. Our findings suggest that control of harvest and manipulation of stocking densities can affect the density, biomass, and structure of cutthroat trout stocks in high-elevation lakes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/1548-8675(2003)023<0611:FAWSCT>2.0.CO;2","issn":"02755947","usgsCitation":"Bailey, P.E., and Hubert, W., 2003, Factors associated with stocked cutthroat trout populations in high-mountain lakes: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 23, no. 2, p. 611-618, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(2003)023<0611:FAWSCT>2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"611","endPage":"618","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208719,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(2003)023<0611:FAWSCT>2.0.CO;2"},{"id":234673,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0eb5e4b0c8380cd535a7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bailey, Paul E.","contributorId":90088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bailey","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hubert, W.A.","contributorId":12822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubert","given":"W.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70026053,"text":"70026053 - 2003 - Initiation of deformation of the Eastern California Shear Zone: Constraints from Garlock fault geometry and GPS observations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:35","indexId":"70026053","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Initiation of deformation of the Eastern California Shear Zone: Constraints from Garlock fault geometry and GPS observations","docAbstract":"We suggest a 2-stage deformation model for the Eastern California Shear Zone (ECSZ) to explain the geometry of the Garlock fault trace. We assume the Garlock fault was originally straight and then was gradually curved by right-lateral shear deformation across the ECSZ. In our 2-stage deformation model, the first stage involves uniform shear deformation across the eastern part of the shear zone, and the second stage involves uniform shear deformation across the entire shear zone. In addition to the current shape of the Garlock fault, our model incorporates constraints on contemporary deformation rates provided by GPS observations. We find that the best fitting age for initiation of shear in eastern part of the ECSZ is about 5.0 ?? 0.4 Ma, and that deformation of the western part started about 1.6 Myr later.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Gan, W., Zhang, P., Shen, Z., Prescott, W., and Svarc, J.L., 2003, Initiation of deformation of the Eastern California Shear Zone: Constraints from Garlock fault geometry and GPS observations: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 30, no. 10, p. 3-1.","startPage":"3","endPage":"1","numberOfPages":"-1","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234883,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3bf0e4b0c8380cd6294e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gan, Weijun","contributorId":33083,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gan","given":"Weijun","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zhang, P.","contributorId":92822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shen, Z.-K.","contributorId":97262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shen","given":"Z.-K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Prescott, W.H.","contributorId":96337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prescott","given":"W.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Svarc, J. L.","contributorId":75995,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Svarc","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70026056,"text":"70026056 - 2003 - Terpenoids as major precursors of dissolved organic matter in landfill leachates, surface water, and groundwater","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-16T10:29:11","indexId":"70026056","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Terpenoids as major precursors of dissolved organic matter in landfill leachates, surface water, and groundwater","docAbstract":"13C NMR analyses of hydrophobic dissolved organic matter (DOM) fractions isolated from a landfill leachate contaminated groundwater near Norman, OK; the Colorado River aqueduct near Los Angeles, CA; Anaheim Lake, an infiltration basin for the Santa Ana River in Orange County, CA; and groundwater from the Tomago Sand Beds, near Sydney, Australia, found branched methyl groups and quaternary aliphatic carbon structures that are indicative of terpenoid hydrocarbon precursors. Significant amounts of lignin precursors, commonly postulated to be the major source of DOM, were found only in trace quantities by thermochemolysis/gas chromatography/mass spectrometry of the Norman Landfill and Tomago Sand Bed hydrophobic DOM fractions. Electrospray/tandem mass spectrometry of the Tomago Sand Bed hydrophobic acid DOM found an ion series differing by 14 daltons, which is indicative of aliphatic and aryl-aliphatic polycarboxylic acids. The product obtained from ozonation of the resin acid, abietic acid, gave a similar ion series. Terpenoid precursors of DOM are postulated to be derived from resin acid paper sizing agents in the Norman Landfill, algal and bacterial terpenoids in the Colorado River and Anaheim Lake, and terrestrial plant terpenoids in the Tomago Sand Beds.","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es0264089","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Leenheer, J., Nanny, M., and McIntyre, C., 2003, Terpenoids as major precursors of dissolved organic matter in landfill leachates, surface water, and groundwater: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 37, no. 11, p. 2323-2331, https://doi.org/10.1021/es0264089.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"2323","endPage":"2331","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234918,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208860,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es0264089"}],"volume":"37","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-04-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba54be4b08c986b320952","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leenheer, J.A.","contributorId":75123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leenheer","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nanny, M.A.","contributorId":84960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nanny","given":"M.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McIntyre, C.","contributorId":66896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McIntyre","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70026122,"text":"70026122 - 2003 - Hydrostratigraphic modeling of a complex, glacial-drift aquifer system for importation into MODFLOW","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:30","indexId":"70026122","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrostratigraphic modeling of a complex, glacial-drift aquifer system for importation into MODFLOW","docAbstract":"Deposition from at least three episodes of glaciation left a complex glacial-drift aquifer system in central Illinois. The deepest and largest of these aquifers, the Sankoty-Mahomet Aquifer, occupies the lower part of a buried bedrock valley and supplies water to communities throughout central Illinois. Thin, discontinuous aquifers are present within glacial drift overlying the Sankoty-Mahomet Aquifer. This study was commissioned by local governments to identify possible areas where a regional water supply could be obtained from the aquifer with minimal adverse impacts on existing users. Geologic information from more than 2200 existing water well logs was supplemented with new data from 28 test borings, water level measurements in 430 wells, and 35 km of surface geophysical profiles. A three-dimensional (3-D) hydrostratigraphic model was developed using a contouring software package, a geographic information system (GIS), and the 3-D geologic modeling package, EarthVision??. The hydrostratigraphy of the glacial-drift sequence was depicted as seven uneven and discontinuous layers, which could be viewed from an infinite number of horizontal and vertical slices and as solid models of any layer. Several iterations were required before the 3-D model presented a reasonable depiction of the aquifer system. Layers from the resultant hydrostratigraphic model were imported into MODFLOW, where they were modified into continuous layers. This approach of developing a 3-D hydrostratigraphic model can be applied to other areas where complex aquifer systems are to be modeled and is also useful in helping lay audiences visualize aquifer systems.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ground Water","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2003.tb02568.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Herzog, B., Larson, D., Abert, C., Wilson, S., and Roadcap, G., 2003, Hydrostratigraphic modeling of a complex, glacial-drift aquifer system for importation into MODFLOW: Ground Water, v. 41, no. 1, p. 57-65, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2003.tb02568.x.","startPage":"57","endPage":"65","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208822,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2003.tb02568.x"},{"id":234849,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a378de4b0c8380cd60f7e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Herzog, B.L.","contributorId":107030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herzog","given":"B.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Larson, D.R.","contributorId":59597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Abert, C.C.","contributorId":24538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abert","given":"C.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wilson, S.D.","contributorId":72572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"S.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Roadcap, G.S.","contributorId":8642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roadcap","given":"G.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70026123,"text":"70026123 - 2003 - Fish assemblage changes in an Ozark river after impoundment: A long-term perspective","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:35","indexId":"70026123","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fish assemblage changes in an Ozark river after impoundment: A long-term perspective","docAbstract":"We conducted an intensive fish survey in the tailwater reach of a large Ozark river 30 years after its impoundment and compared the recent fish assemblage with those prior to impoundment and shortly (4 years) after impoundment. Our primary objective was to assess whether relatively short-term monitoring following dam construction can adequately quantify the long-term effects of impoundment on downstream riverine fishes. The preimpoundment survey (1962-1963) described a fish assemblage composed of warmwater fish species, predominantly Cyprinidae, Ictaluridae, Centrarchidae, and Percidae. Yoke darter Etheostoma juliae (34%), central stoneroller Campostoma anomalum (24%), and Ozark madtom Noturus albater (7%) were the most abundant species. The postimpoundment surveys of 1965-1966 and 1968 documented immediate changes in the fish assemblage. No Ozark madtoms and only four yoke darters were collected shortly after impoundment. Central stonerollers accounted for 45-50% of the fish collected, and both short-term postimpoundment surveys collected five species of darters (Percidae) that accounted for 41-42% of the fish collected. Thirty years after impoundment, we found that the tailwater fish assemblage was composed almost entirely of coldwater species. Ozark sculpin Cottus hypselurus and four species of introduced trout (Salmonidae) accounted for 98% of the fish assemblage by number during the 1995-1997 surveys. The rank abundance of species was negatively correlated between our survey and the preimpoundment survey but not between our survey and the short-term postimpoundment surveys. Many species that we collected (54%) are habitat generalists, and we did not collect 77% of the fluvial-specialist species that were present in historical collections. All postimpoundment surveys documented dramatically reduced species richness and diversity. We conclude that short-term monitoring following impoundment is inadequate to determine the impact of dams on lotic fish assemblages and suggest long-term postimpoundment monitoring to determine when a fish assemblage has stabilized.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(2003)132<0110:FACIAO>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00028487","usgsCitation":"Quinn, J., and Kwak, T., 2003, Fish assemblage changes in an Ozark river after impoundment: A long-term perspective: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 132, no. 1, p. 110-119, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(2003)132<0110:FACIAO>2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"110","endPage":"119","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208842,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(2003)132<0110:FACIAO>2.0.CO;2"},{"id":234887,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"132","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a107ae4b0c8380cd53cae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Quinn, J.W.","contributorId":42401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quinn","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kwak, T.J.","contributorId":104236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kwak","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70026006,"text":"70026006 - 2003 - Using natural distributions of short-lived radium isotopes to quantify groundwater discharge and recharge","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-21T19:18:23.224663","indexId":"70026006","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2620,"text":"Limnology and Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using natural distributions of short-lived radium isotopes to quantify groundwater discharge and recharge","docAbstract":"Radium activity in pore water of wetland sediments often differs from the amount expected from local production, decay, and exchange with solid phases. This disequilibrium results from vertical transport of radium with groundwater that flows between the underlying aquifer and surface water. In situations where groundwater recharge or discharge is significant, the rate of vertical water flow through wetland sediment can be determined from the radium disequilibrium by a combined model of transport, production, decay, and exchange with solid phases. We have developed and tested this technique at three sites in the freshwater portion of the Everglades by quantifying vertical advective velocities in areas with persistent groundwater recharge or discharge and estimating a coefficient of dispersion at a site that is subject to reversals between recharge and discharge. Groundwater velocities (v) were determined to be between 0 and -0.5 cm d-1 for a recharge site and 1.5 ?? 0.4 cm d-1 for a discharge site near Levee 39 in the Everglades. Strong gradients in 223Ra and 224Ra usually occurred at the base of the peat layer, which avoided the problems of other tracers (e.g., chloride) for which greatest sensitivity occurs near the peat surface - a zone readily disturbed by processes unrelated to groundwater flow. This technique should be easily applicable to any wetland system with different production rates of these isotopes in distinct sedimentary layers or surface water. The approach is most straightforward in systems where constant pore-water ionic strength can be assumed, simplifying the modeling of radium exchange.","language":"English","publisher":"Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography","doi":"10.4319/lo.2003.48.1.0290","issn":"00243590","usgsCitation":"Krest, J., and Harvey, J., 2003, Using natural distributions of short-lived radium isotopes to quantify groundwater discharge and recharge: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 48, no. 1 I, p. 290-298, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2003.48.1.0290.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"290","endPage":"298","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478394,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2003.48.1.0290","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":388307,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"48","issue":"1 I","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-01-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc07ee4b08c986b32a164","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krest, J.M.","contributorId":70973,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krest","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harvey, J. W. 0000-0002-2654-9873","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2654-9873","contributorId":39725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"J. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70025747,"text":"70025747 - 2003 - Stable isotope fractionation of selenium by natural microbial consortia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-16T07:56:53","indexId":"70025747","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stable isotope fractionation of selenium by natural microbial consortia","docAbstract":"<p>The mobility and bioavailability of Se depend on its redox state, and reduction of Se oxyanions to less mobile, reduced species controls transport of this potentially toxic element in the environment. Stable isotope fractionation of Se is currently being developed as an indicator of Se immobilization through reduction. In this study, Se isotope fractionation resulting from reduction of Se(VI) and Se(IV) oxyanions by natural microbial consortia was measured in sediment slurry experiments under nearly natural conditions, with no substrate added. Experiments were conducted with a wide range of initial Se concentrations and with sediment and water from three locations with contrasting environmental settings. The products of Se(VI) and Se(IV) reduction were enriched in the lighter isotopes relative to the reactants. Shifts of -2.6<sup>0</sup>/<sub>00</sub> to -3.1<sup>0</sup>/<sub>00</sub> and -5.5<sup>0</sup>/<sub>00</sub> to -5.7<sup>0</sup>/<sub>00</sub>, respectively, were observed in the <sup>80</sup>Se/<sup>76</sup>Se ratio. These isotopic fractionations did not depend significantly on initial Se concentrations, which were varied from 22 μg/l to 8 mg/l, or on geochemical differences among the sediments. These results provide estimates of Se isotope fractionation in organic-rich wetland environments but may not be appropriate for substrate-poor aquifers and marine sediments.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0009-2541(02)00391-1","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Ellis, A., Johnson, T., Herbel, M., and Bullen, T., 2003, Stable isotope fractionation of selenium by natural microbial consortia: Chemical Geology, v. 195, no. 1-4, p. 119-129, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2541(02)00391-1.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"119","endPage":"129","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234674,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208720,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2541(02)00391-1"}],"volume":"195","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9677e4b08c986b31b512","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ellis, A.S.","contributorId":10586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellis","given":"A.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, T.M.","contributorId":22332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"T.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Herbel, M.J.","contributorId":57232,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herbel","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bullen, T.D.","contributorId":79911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bullen","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70026059,"text":"70026059 - 2003 - Effects of crustal stresses on fluid transport in fractured rock: Case studies from northeastern and southwestern USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-19T09:35:27","indexId":"70026059","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1923,"text":"Hydrogeology Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of crustal stresses on fluid transport in fractured rock: Case studies from northeastern and southwestern USA","docAbstract":"<p class=\"Para\">The link between stress and hydrologic properties was examined at two sites that are distinguished by different rock types and different stress states. This investigation is based upon the analysis and interpretation of geophysical logs obtained in water wells at the two locations. At the northeast site (Newark Basin), the hydrologic characteristics of sedimentary rocks are dependent upon the relationship to the current regional stress field of two primary types of orthogonal features that serve as preferential pathways for fluid flow. Subhorizontal bedding-plane partings are highly transmissive near the surface and delineate transversely isotropic fluid flow at shallow depths. With increasing depth, the subhorizontal planes become less dominant and steeply dipping fractures become more influential hydrologically. These high-angle features define anisotropic flow pathways that are preferentially oriented along strike. At the southwest site (west Texas), extrusive rocks are subjected to topographically modified tectonic and gravitational stresses that vary spatially within a valley setting. The attendant changes in stress invariants cause fracture connectivity within the rock mass to systematically increase with depth along the valley flanks, but to remain relatively low in the central valley. The degree of fracture connectivity predicted within this valley configuration is consistent with variations in transmissivity determined at several well locations. In each of these cases, the idealized understanding of the hydrologic system is enhanced by considering the effects of regional and local stresses that act upon the fractured-rock aquifer.</p><div class=\"KeywordGroup\" lang=\"en\"><br data-mce-bogus=\"1\"></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10040-002-0235-3","issn":"14312174","usgsCitation":"Morin, R.H., and Savage, W.Z., 2003, Effects of crustal stresses on fluid transport in fractured rock: Case studies from northeastern and southwestern USA: Hydrogeology Journal, v. 11, no. 1, p. 100-112, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-002-0235-3.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"100","endPage":"112","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234988,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-01-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a06c0e4b0c8380cd513d5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morin, R. H.","contributorId":31794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morin","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Savage, W. Z.","contributorId":106481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savage","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70026060,"text":"70026060 - 2003 - Facilitation of survival and growth of Baccharis halimifolia L. by Spartina alterniflora Loisel. In a created Louisiana salt marsh","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-24T16:28:38.135803","indexId":"70026060","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Facilitation of survival and growth of <i>Baccharis halimifolia</i> L. by <i>Spartina alterniflora</i> Loisel. In a created Louisiana salt marsh","title":"Facilitation of survival and growth of Baccharis halimifolia L. by Spartina alterniflora Loisel. In a created Louisiana salt marsh","docAbstract":"<p><span>Coastal wetland loss is a major environmental issue in the Mississippi Delta region of the southern United States, where grasses such as&nbsp;</span><i>Spartina alterniflora</i><span>&nbsp;may play a critical role both as early colonizers on created sites and as facilitators of other marsh grasses and shrubs, particularly at high intertidal elevations. We explored the potential role of&nbsp;</span><i>S. alterniflora</i><span>&nbsp;as a facilitator of the colonization and growth of the shrub&nbsp;</span><i>Baccharis halimifolia</i><span>&nbsp;at two created wetlands in southwestern Louisiana through a combination of plant surveys and experimentation. Surveys for the presence of&nbsp;</span><i>B. halimifolia</i><span>&nbsp;inside and outside the bare centers of&nbsp;</span><i>S. alterniflora</i><span>&nbsp;clones that had begun to senesce inwardly were conducted at a 4-yr-old site originally created in 1993. The percent of clones containing&nbsp;</span><i>B. halimifolia</i><span>&nbsp;and the number of individual&nbsp;</span><i>B. halimifolia</i><span>&nbsp;plants per clone increased with increasing&nbsp;</span><i>S. alterniflora</i><span>&nbsp;clone size and decreased with increasing distance from an adjacent containment berm. Two experiments conducted at a second 4-yr-old site that was originally created in 1996 were designed to assess seed capture and growth of seedlings of&nbsp;</span><i>B. halimifolia</i><span>&nbsp;inside&nbsp;</span><i>S. alterniflora</i><span>&nbsp;clones. These experiments revealed that while significantly fewer seeds settle inside clones, those seedlings that grow in such areas gain a clear advantage in terms of both survival and rate of growth, which helps to explain the results of the initial survey and testifies to the role of&nbsp;</span><i>S. alterniflora</i><span>&nbsp;as a nurse plant in newly-created high intertidal marshes.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1672/4-20","issn":"02775212","usgsCitation":"Egerova, J., Proffitt, C.E., and Travis, S.E., 2003, Facilitation of survival and growth of Baccharis halimifolia L. by Spartina alterniflora Loisel. In a created Louisiana salt marsh: Wetlands, v. 23, no. 2, p. 250-256, https://doi.org/10.1672/4-20.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"250","endPage":"256","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":388633,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Sabine National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -93.77586364746094,\n              29.820987000135123\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.53828430175781,\n              29.820987000135123\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.53828430175781,\n              29.997165057920704\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.77586364746094,\n              29.997165057920704\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.77586364746094,\n              29.820987000135123\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"23","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0e8fe4b0c8380cd53506","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Egerova, J.","contributorId":29179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Egerova","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Proffitt, C. Edward 0000-0002-0845-8441","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0845-8441","contributorId":93568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Proffitt","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"Edward","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":407744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Travis, Steven E.","contributorId":64724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Travis","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70026005,"text":"70026005 - 2003 - Abundance and characteristics of the recreational water quality indicator bacteria Escherichia coli and enterococci in gull faeces","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-19T07:40:35","indexId":"70026005","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2169,"text":"Journal of Applied Microbiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Abundance and characteristics of the recreational water quality indicator bacteria Escherichia coli and enterococci in gull faeces","docAbstract":"<p><strong>Aims:</strong><span>&nbsp;</span>To evaluate the numbers and selected phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of the faecal indicator bacteria<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Escherichia coli</i><span>&nbsp;</span>and enterococci in gull faeces at representative Great Lakes swimming beaches in the United States.</p><p><strong>Methods and Results:</strong><span>&nbsp;</span><i>E. coli</i><span>&nbsp;</span>and enterococci were enumerated in gull faeces by membrane filtration.<span>&nbsp;</span><i>E. coli</i><span>&nbsp;</span>genotypes (rep‐PCR genomic profiles) and<span>&nbsp;</span><i>E. coli</i><span>&nbsp;</span>(Vitek<sup>®</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>GNI+) and enterococci (API<sup>®</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>rapid ID 32 Strep and resistance to streptomycin, gentamicin, vancomycin, tetracycline and ampicillin) phenotypes were determined for isolates obtained from gull faeces both early and late in the swimming season. Identical<span>&nbsp;</span><i>E. coli</i><span>&nbsp;</span>genotypes were obtained only from single gull faecal samples but most faecal samples yielded more than one genotype (median of eight genotypes for samples with 10 isolates).<span>&nbsp;</span><i>E. coli</i><span>&nbsp;</span>isolates from the same site that clustered at ≥85% similarity were from the same sampling date and shared phenotypic characteristics, and at this similarity level there was population overlap between the two geographically isolated beach sites.<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Enterococcus</i><span>&nbsp;</span>API<sup>®</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>profiles varied with sampling date. Gull enterococci displayed wide variation in antibiotic resistance patterns, and high‐level resistance to some antibiotics.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong><span>&nbsp;</span>Gull faeces could be a major contributor of<span>&nbsp;</span><i>E. coli</i><span>&nbsp;</span>(10<sup>5</sup>–10<sup>9</sup> CFU g<sup>−1</sup>) and enterococci (10<sup>4</sup>–10<sup>8</sup> CFU g<sup>−1</sup>) to Great Lakes recreational waters.<span>&nbsp;</span><i>E. coli</i><span>&nbsp;</span>and enterococci in gull faeces are highly variable with respect to their genotypic and phenotypic characteristics and may exhibit temporal or geographic trends in these features.</p><p><strong>Significance and Impact of the Study:</strong><span>&nbsp;</span>The high degree of variation in genotypic or phenotypic characteristics of<span>&nbsp;</span><i>E. coli</i><span>&nbsp;</span>or enterococci populations within gull hosts will require extensive sampling for adequate characterization, and will influence methods that use these characteristics to determine faecal contamination sources for recreational waters.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1046/j.1365-2672.2003.01910.x","issn":"13645072","usgsCitation":"Fogarty, L., Haack, S., Wolcott, M.J., and Whitman, R., 2003, Abundance and characteristics of the recreational water quality indicator bacteria Escherichia coli and enterococci in gull faeces: Journal of Applied Microbiology, v. 94, no. 5, p. 865-878, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2672.2003.01910.x.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"865","endPage":"878","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":208695,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2672.2003.01910.x"},{"id":234617,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"94","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e659e4b0c8380cd4735f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fogarty, L.R.","contributorId":27236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fogarty","given":"L.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haack, S.K.","contributorId":26457,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haack","given":"S.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wolcott, M. J. 0000-0002-3924-5940","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3924-5940","contributorId":44110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolcott","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Whitman, R.L.","contributorId":69750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitman","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70026089,"text":"70026089 - 2003 - Cold cratonic roots and thermal blankets: How continents affect mantle convection","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-06T16:52:34.640562","indexId":"70026089","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2020,"text":"International Geology Review","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cold cratonic roots and thermal blankets: How continents affect mantle convection","docAbstract":"<p><span>Two-dimensional&nbsp;</span>convection<span>&nbsp;models with moving&nbsp;</span>continents<span>&nbsp;show that&nbsp;</span>continents<span>&nbsp;profoundly&nbsp;</span>affect<span>&nbsp;the pattern of&nbsp;</span>mantle<span>&nbsp;</span>convection<span>. If the&nbsp;</span>continents<span>&nbsp;are wider than the wavelength of the&nbsp;</span>convection<span>&nbsp;cells (-3000 km, the thickness of the&nbsp;</span>mantle<span>), they cause neighboring deep&nbsp;</span>mantle<span>&nbsp;</span>thermal<span>&nbsp;upwellings to coalesce into a single focused upwelling. This focused upwelling zone will have a potential temperature anomaly of about 200°C, much higher than the 100°C temperature anomaly of upwelling zones generated beneath typical oceanic lithosphere. Extensive high-temperature melts (including flood basalts and late potassic granites) will be produced, and the excess temperature anomaly will induce continental uplift (as revealed in sea level changes) and the eventual breakup of the supercontinent. The&nbsp;</span>mantle<span>&nbsp;</span>thermal<span>&nbsp;anomaly will persist for several hundred million years after such a breakup. In contrast, small continental blocks (&lt;1000 km diameter) do not induce focused&nbsp;</span>mantle<span>&nbsp;upwelling zones. Instead, small continental blocks are dragged to&nbsp;</span>mantle<span>&nbsp;down-welling zones, where they spend most of their time, and will migrate laterally with the downwelling. As a result of sitting over relatively&nbsp;</span>cold<span>&nbsp;</span>mantle<span>&nbsp;(downwellings), small continental blocks are favored to keep their&nbsp;</span>cratonic<span>&nbsp;</span>roots<span>. This may explain the long-term survival of small&nbsp;</span>cratonic<span>&nbsp;blocks (e.g., the Yilgarn and Pilbara cratons of western Australia, and the West African craton). The optimum size for long-term stability of a continental block is &lt;3000 km. These results show that&nbsp;</span>continents<span>&nbsp;profoundly&nbsp;</span>affect<span>&nbsp;the pattern of&nbsp;</span>mantle<span>&nbsp;</span>convection<span>. These effects are illustrated in terms of the timing and history of supercontinent breakup, the production of high-temperature melts, and sea level changes. Such two-dimensional calculations can be further refined and tested by three-dimensional numerical simulations of&nbsp;</span>mantle<span>&nbsp;</span>convection<span>&nbsp;with moving continental and oceanic plates.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.2747/0020-6814.45.6.479","issn":"00206814","usgsCitation":"Trubitsyn, V., Mooney, W.D., and Abbott, D., 2003, Cold cratonic roots and thermal blankets: How continents affect mantle convection: International Geology Review, v. 45, no. 6, p. 479-492, https://doi.org/10.2747/0020-6814.45.6.479.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"479","endPage":"492","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":387739,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f7a6e4b0c8380cd4cc28","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Trubitsyn, V.P.","contributorId":33737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trubitsyn","given":"V.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mooney, Walter D. 0000-0002-5310-3631 mooney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5310-3631","contributorId":3194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mooney","given":"Walter","email":"mooney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":407871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Abbott, D.H.","contributorId":64860,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abbott","given":"D.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70025998,"text":"70025998 - 2003 - Metals, trace elements, and organochlorine compounds in bottom sediment of Tuttle Creek Lake, Kansas, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:20","indexId":"70025998","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Metals, trace elements, and organochlorine compounds in bottom sediment of Tuttle Creek Lake, Kansas, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"Bottom-sediment cores were used to investigate the occurrence of 44 metals and trace elements, and 15 organochlorine compounds in Tuttle Creek Lake, a reservoir with an agricultural basin in northeast Kansas, U.S.A. On the basis of U.S. Environmental Protection Agency sediment-quality guidelines, concentrations of Ag, As, Cr, Cu, Ni, and Zn frequently or typically exceeded the threshold-effects levels for toxic biological effects. Organochlorine compounds either were not detected or were detected at concentrations generally below the threshold-effects levels. Statistically significant positive depositional trends were determined for several elements. However, because the vertical profiles of element concentrations typically indicated a bimodal distribution and much of the variability could be attributable to analytical variance, the statistical trends may not represent actual trends. DDE concentrations reflected the history of DDT use. Substantial increases in grain corn and soybean production, irrigated land, and hog production in the basin have not had a discernible effect on sediment quality in the reservoir. Future research focused on small impoundments throughout the basin may enhance understanding of the effects of human activity on sediment quality within the Tuttle Creek Lake system and elsewhere.","largerWorkTitle":"Hydrobiologia","language":"English","doi":"10.1023/A:1025447223154","issn":"00188158","usgsCitation":"Juracek, K.E., and Mau, D., 2003, Metals, trace elements, and organochlorine compounds in bottom sediment of Tuttle Creek Lake, Kansas, U.S.A., <i>in</i> Hydrobiologia, v. 494, p. 277-282, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1025447223154.","startPage":"277","endPage":"282","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208636,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1025447223154"},{"id":234513,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"494","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a54f8e4b0c8380cd6d0b9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Juracek, K. E. 0000-0002-2102-8980","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2102-8980","contributorId":44570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Juracek","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mau, D.P.","contributorId":40638,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mau","given":"D.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70025748,"text":"70025748 - 2003 - Tectonics of the Qinling (Central China): Tectonostratigraphy, geochronology, and deformation history","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-24T12:53:37","indexId":"70025748","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3525,"text":"Tectonophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tectonics of the Qinling (Central China): Tectonostratigraphy, geochronology, and deformation history","docAbstract":"<p>The Qinling orogen preserves a record of late mid-Proterozoic to Cenozoic tectonism in central China. High-pressure metamorphism and ophiolite emplacement (Songshugou ophiolite) assembled the Yangtze craton, including the lower Qinling unit, into Rodinia during the ~1.0 Ga Grenvillian orogeny. The lower Qinling unit then rifted from the Yangtze craton at ~0.7 Ga. Subsequent intra-oceanic arc formation at ~470-490 Ma was followed by accretion of the lower Qinling unit first to the intra-oceanic arc and then to the Sino-Korea craton. Subduction then imprinted a ~400 Ma Andean-type magmatic arc onto all units north of the northern Liuling unit. Oblique subduction created Silurian-Devonian WNW-trending, sinistral transpressive wrench zones (e.g., Lo-Nan, Shang-Dan), and Late Permian-Early Triassic subduction reactivated them in dextral transpression (Lo-Nan, Shang-Xiang, Shang-Dan) and subducted the northern edge of the Yangtze craton. Exhumation of the cratonal edge formed the Wudang metamorphic core complex during dominantly pure shear crustal extension at ~230-235 Ma. Post-collisional south-directed shortening continued through the Early Jurassic. Cretaceous reactivation of the Qinling orogen started with NW-SE sinistral transtension, coeval with large-scale Early Cretaceous crustal extension and sinistral transtension in the northern Dabie Shan; it presumably resulted from the combined effects of the Siberia-Mongolia-Sino-Korean and Lhasa-West Burma-Qiangtang-Indochina collisions and Pacific subduction. Regional dextral wrenching was active within a NE-SW extensional regime between ~60 and 100 Ma. An Early Cretaceous Andean-type continental magmatic arc, with widespread Early Cretaceous magmatism and back-arc extension, was overprinted by shortening related to the collision of Yangtze-Indochina Block with the West Philippines Block. Strike-slip and normal faults associated with Eocene half-graben basins record Paleogene NNE-SSW contraction and WNW-ESE extension. The Neogene(?) is characterized by normal faults and NNE-trending sub-horizontal extension. Pleistocene(?)-Quaternary NW-SE extension and NE-SW contraction comprises sinistral strike-slip faults and is part of the NW-SE extension imposed across eastern Asia by the India-Asia collision.&nbsp;</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Tectonophysics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0040-1951(03)00053-2","issn":"00401951","usgsCitation":"Ratschbacher, L., Hacker, B.R., Calvert, A., Webb, L., Grimmer, J., McWilliams, M., Ireland, T., Dong, S., and Hu, J., 2003, Tectonics of the Qinling (Central China): Tectonostratigraphy, geochronology, and deformation history: Tectonophysics, v. 366, no. 1-2, p. 1-53, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-1951(03)00053-2.","startPage":"1","endPage":"53","numberOfPages":"53","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234709,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208742,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0040-1951(03)00053-2"}],"volume":"366","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba48ee4b08c986b320424","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ratschbacher, L.","contributorId":49154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ratschbacher","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hacker, B. R.","contributorId":54269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hacker","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Calvert, A.","contributorId":105089,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Calvert","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Webb, L.E.","contributorId":69341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webb","given":"L.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Grimmer, J.C.","contributorId":10587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grimmer","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"McWilliams, M.O.","contributorId":7840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McWilliams","given":"M.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ireland, T.","contributorId":105891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ireland","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Dong, S.","contributorId":18548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dong","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Hu, Jiawen","contributorId":41630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hu","given":"Jiawen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70026126,"text":"70026126 - 2003 - U.S. Geological Survey resource assessment of selected Tertiary coal zones in Wyoming, Montana and North Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:35","indexId":"70026126","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2755,"text":"Mining Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"U.S. Geological Survey resource assessment of selected Tertiary coal zones in Wyoming, Montana and North Dakota","docAbstract":"In 1999, 1 Gt (1.1 billion st) of coal was produced in the United States. Of this total, 37% was produced in Wyoming, Montana and North Dakota. Coals of Tertiary age from these states typically have low ash contents. Most of these coals have sulfur contents that are in compliance with Clean Air Act standards and most have low concentrations of the trace elements that are of environmental concern. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Coal Resource Assessment for these states includes geologic, stratigraphic, palynologic and geochemical studies and resource calculations for major Tertiary coal zones in the Powder River, Williston, Greater Green River, Hanna and Carbon Basins. Calculated resources are 595 Gt (655 billion st). Results of the study are available in a USGS Professional Paper and a USGS Open-File Report, both in CD-ROM format.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mining Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00265187","usgsCitation":"Nichols, D.J., and Ellis, M., 2003, U.S. Geological Survey resource assessment of selected Tertiary coal zones in Wyoming, Montana and North Dakota: Mining Engineering, v. 55, no. 1, p. 33-38.","startPage":"33","endPage":"38","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234921,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"55","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbb10e4b08c986b3284a3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nichols, D. J.","contributorId":55466,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ellis, M.S.","contributorId":64301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellis","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70026127,"text":"70026127 - 2003 - The gulf surgeon, Acanthurus randalli, a junior synonym of the ocean surgeon, Acanthurus bahianus (teleostei: Acanthuridae)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-06T16:32:09.024737","indexId":"70026127","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1873,"text":"Gulf of Mexico Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"The gulf surgeon, <i>Acanthurus randalli</i>, a junior synonym of the ocean surgeon, <i>Acanthurus bahianus</i> (teleostei: Acanthuridae)","title":"The gulf surgeon, Acanthurus randalli, a junior synonym of the ocean surgeon, Acanthurus bahianus (teleostei: Acanthuridae)","docAbstract":"<p>We compared 62 specimens, 48-126.5 mm standard length, of<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Acanthurus bahianus</i><span>&nbsp;</span>from the northeastern Gulf of Mexico with 95 specimens from other localities to determine if the distinguishing characters in the original description of the Gulf of Mexico endemic surgeonfish<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Acanthurus randalli</i><span>&nbsp;</span>were valid. No color pattern or meristic differences were found, and the only measurement that allowed distinction (91% percent concordance) was the shallower caudal concavity of northeastern Gulf of Mexico specimens.<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Acanthurus chirurgus</i><span>&nbsp;</span>from the northeastern Gulf of Mexico also have shallower caudal concavities (93.7% percent concordance) than do conspecifics from other areas, suggesting that this trend may be correlated with some unknown environmental influence. Considering the extended planktonic larval dispersal capabilities of Atlantic surgeonfishes, and that the single divergent morphological character state is also exhibited in a sympatric northeastern Gulf of Mexico population of<span>&nbsp;</span><i>A. chirurgus</i>, recognition of<span>&nbsp;</span><i>A. randalli</i><span>&nbsp;</span>is untenable, and the name is considered a junior synonym of<span>&nbsp;</span><i>A. bahianus</i>. An identification key to western Atlantic species of<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Acanthurus</i><span>&nbsp;</span>that incorporates the results of this study is given.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"University of Southern Mississippi","doi":"10.18785/goms.2002.02","issn":"1087688X","usgsCitation":"Smith-Vaniz, W., Jelks, H., and Randall, J., 2003, The gulf surgeon, Acanthurus randalli, a junior synonym of the ocean surgeon, Acanthurus bahianus (teleostei: Acanthuridae): Gulf of Mexico Science, v. 20, no. 2, p. 98-105, https://doi.org/10.18785/goms.2002.02.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"98","endPage":"105","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478384,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.18785/goms.2002.02","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":234922,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Mexico","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -89.93408203124999,\n              30.543338954230222\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.8681640625,\n              23.543845136505844\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.70556640625,\n              23.664650731631614\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.74951171875,\n              25.34402602913433\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.1669921875,\n              25.859223554761407\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.6064453125,\n              26.05678288577881\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.82617187499999,\n              26.92206991673282\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.353515625,\n              27.254629577800063\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.24365234375,\n              28.130127737874005\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.529296875,\n              28.265682390146477\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.50732421875,\n              29.075375179558346\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.7490234375,\n              29.267232865200878\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.94677734375,\n              29.32472016151103\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.408203125,\n              29.859701442126756\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.86962890625,\n              30.240086360983426\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.35302734375,\n              30.240086360983426\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.90234375,\n              29.973970240516614\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.20996093749999,\n              29.859701442126756\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.3857421875,\n              30.240086360983426\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.71533203125,\n              30.467614102257855\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.30859375,\n              30.619004797647808\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.04443359375,\n              30.92107637538488\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.35205078124999,\n              30.619004797647808\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.93408203124999,\n              30.543338954230222\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"20","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bacabe4b08c986b32365e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith-Vaniz, W. F.","contributorId":20684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith-Vaniz","given":"W. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jelks, H.L. 0000-0002-0672-6297","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0672-6297","contributorId":12000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jelks","given":"H.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Randall, J.E.","contributorId":41380,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Randall","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70025622,"text":"70025622 - 2003 - Geostatistics and the representative elementary volume of gamma ray tomography attenuation in rocks cores","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-04T17:54:57.701764","indexId":"70025622","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1785,"text":"Geological Society Special Publication","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geostatistics and the representative elementary volume of gamma ray tomography attenuation in rocks cores","docAbstract":"<p><span>Semivariograms of samples of Culebra Dolomite have been determined at two different resolutions for&nbsp;</span>gamma<span>&nbsp;</span>ray<span>&nbsp;computed&nbsp;</span>tomography<span>&nbsp;images. By fitting models to semivariograms, small-scale and large-scale correlation lengths are determined for four samples. Different semivariogram parameters were found for adjacent&nbsp;</span>cores<span>&nbsp;at both resolutions. Relative&nbsp;</span>elementary<span>&nbsp;</span>volume<span>&nbsp;(REV) concepts are related to the stationarity of the sample. A scale disparity factor is defined and is used to determine sample size required for ergodic stationarity with a specified correlation length. This allows for comparison of geostatistical measures and&nbsp;</span>representative<span>&nbsp;</span>elementary<span>&nbsp;volumes. The modifiable areal unit problem is also addressed and used to determine resolution effects on correlation lengths. By changing resolution, a range of correlation lengths can be determined for the same sample. Comparison of voxel&nbsp;</span>volume<span>&nbsp;to the best-fit model correlation length of a single sample at different resolutions reveals a linear scaling effect. Using this relationship, the range of the point value semivariogram is determined. This is the range approached as the voxel size goes to zero. Finally, these results are compared to the regularization theory of point variables for borehole&nbsp;</span>cores<span>&nbsp;and are found to be a better fit for predicting the&nbsp;</span>volume<span>-averaged range.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1144/GSL.SP.2003.215.01.08","issn":"03058719","usgsCitation":"Vogel, J.R., and Brown, G., 2003, Geostatistics and the representative elementary volume of gamma ray tomography attenuation in rocks cores: Geological Society Special Publication, v. 215, p. 81-93, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2003.215.01.08.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"81","endPage":"93","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":387687,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"215","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-08-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a28b4e4b0c8380cd5a32c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vogel, J. R.","contributorId":21639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vogel","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brown, G.O.","contributorId":53580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"G.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70025749,"text":"70025749 - 2003 - Influence of flow and temperature on survival of wild subyearling fall chinook salmon in the Snake River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:22","indexId":"70025749","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of flow and temperature on survival of wild subyearling fall chinook salmon in the Snake River","docAbstract":"Summer flow augmentation to increase the survival of wild subyearling fall chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha is implemented annually to mitigate for the development of the hydropower system in the Snake River basin, but the efficacy of this practice has been disputed. We studied some of the factors affecting survival of wild subyearling fall chinook salmon from capture, tagging, and release in the free-flowing Snake River to the tailrace of the first dam encountered by smolts en route to the sea. We then assessed the effects of summer flow augmentation on survival to the tailrace of this dam. We tagged and released 5,030 wild juvenile fall chinook salmon in the free-flowing Snake River from 1998 to 2000. We separated these tagged fish into four sequential within-year release groups termed cohorts (N = 12). Survival probability estimates (mean ?? SE) to the tailrace of the dam for the 12 cohorts when summer flow augmentation was implemented ranged from 36% ?? 4% to 88% ?? 5%. We fit an ordinary least-squares multiple regression model from indices of flow and temperature that explained 92% (N = 12; P < 0.0001) of the observed variability in cohort survival. Survival generally increased with increasing flow and decreased with increasing temperature. We used the regression model to predict cohort survival for flow and temperature conditions observed when summer flow augmentation was implemented and for approximated flow and temperature conditions had the summer flow augmentation not been implemented. Survival of all cohorts was predicted to be higher when flow was augmented than when flow was not augmented because summer flow augmentation increased the flow levels and decreased the temperatures fish were exposed to as they moved seaward. We conclude that summer flow augmentation increases the survival of young fall chinook salmon.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/1548-8675(2003)023<0362:IOFATO>2.0.CO;2","issn":"02755947","usgsCitation":"Connor, W., Burge, H., Yearsley, J., and Bjornn, T., 2003, Influence of flow and temperature on survival of wild subyearling fall chinook salmon in the Snake River: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 23, no. 2, p. 362-375, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(2003)023<0362:IOFATO>2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"362","endPage":"375","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208743,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(2003)023<0362:IOFATO>2.0.CO;2"},{"id":234710,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3b36e4b0c8380cd6230a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Connor, W.P.","contributorId":98090,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Connor","given":"W.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burge, H.L.","contributorId":57104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burge","given":"H.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Yearsley, J.R.","contributorId":74554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yearsley","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bjornn, T.C.","contributorId":9033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bjornn","given":"T.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70025995,"text":"70025995 - 2003 - Noble gas loss may indicate groundwater flow across flow barriers in southern Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-24T14:36:45","indexId":"70025995","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Noble gas loss may indicate groundwater flow across flow barriers in southern Nevada","docAbstract":"<p>Average calculated noble gas temperatures increase from 10 to 22<sup>o</sup>C in groundwater from recharge to discharge areas in carbonate-rock aquifers of southern Nevada. Loss of noble gases from groundwater in these regional flow systems at flow barriers is the likely process that produces an increase in recharge noble gas temperatures. Emplacement of low permeability rock into high permeability aquifer rock and the presence of low permeability shear zones reduce aquifer thickness from thousands to tens of meters. At these flow barriers, which are more than 1,000 m lower than the average recharge altitude, noble gases exsolve from the groundwater by inclusion in gas bubbles formed near the barriers because of greatly reduced hydrostatic pressure. However, re-equilibration of noble gases in the groundwater with atmospheric air at the low altitude spring discharge area, at the terminus of the regional flow system, cannot be ruled out. Molecular diffusion is not an important process for removing noble gases from groundwater in the carbonate-rock aquifers because concentration gradients are small.</p>","largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Geology","language":"English","issn":"09430105","usgsCitation":"Thomas, J.M., Bryant, H.G., Stute, M., and Clark, J., 2003, Noble gas loss may indicate groundwater flow across flow barriers in southern Nevada, <i>in</i> Environmental Geology, v. 43, no. 5, p. 568-579.","startPage":"568","endPage":"579","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235020,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6721e4b0c8380cd731c6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thomas, J. M.","contributorId":62217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bryant, Hudson G.","contributorId":7889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bryant","given":"Hudson","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stute, M.","contributorId":67234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stute","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Clark, J.F.","contributorId":24124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
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