{"pageNumber":"2869","pageRowStart":"71700","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184660,"records":[{"id":70176673,"text":"70176673 - 2003 - Sea otter population declines in the Aleutian Archipelago","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-17T16:47:21","indexId":"70176673","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2373,"text":"Journal of Mammalogy","onlineIssn":"1545-1542","printIssn":"0022-2372","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sea otter population declines in the Aleutian Archipelago","docAbstract":"<p><span>Sea otter (</span><i>Enhydra lutris</i><span>) populations were exploited to near extinction and began to recover after the cessation of commercial hunting in 1911. Remnant colonies of sea otters in the Aleutian archipelago were among the first to recover; they continued to increase through the 1980s but declined abruptly during the 1990s. We conducted an aerial survey of the Aleutian archipelago in 2000 and compared results with similar surveys conducted in 1965 and 1992. The number of sea otters counted decreased by 75% between 1965 and 2000; 88% for islands at equilibrial density in 1965. The population decline likely began in the mid-1980s and declined at a rate of 17.5%/year in the 1990s. The minimal population estimate was 8,742 sea otters in 2000. The population declined to a uniformly low density in the archipelago, suggesting a common and geographically widespread cause. These data are in general agreement with the hypothesis of increased predation on sea otters. These data chronicle one of the most widespread and precipitous population declines for a mammalian carnivore in recorded history.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford University Press","doi":"10.1644/1545-1542(2003)084<0055:SOPDIT>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Doroff, A.M., Estes, J.A., Tinker, M.T., Burn, D., and Evans, T., 2003, Sea otter population declines in the Aleutian Archipelago: Journal of Mammalogy, v. 84, no. 1, p. 55-64, https://doi.org/10.1644/1545-1542(2003)084<0055:SOPDIT>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"55","endPage":"64","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488528,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1644/1545-1542(2003)084<0055:sopdit>2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":328955,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Aleutian Archipelago","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -188.173828125,\n              50.90303283111257\n            ],\n            [\n              -188.173828125,\n              55.07836723201515\n            ],\n            [\n              -163.740234375,\n              55.07836723201515\n            ],\n            [\n              -163.740234375,\n              50.90303283111257\n            ],\n            [\n              -188.173828125,\n              50.90303283111257\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"84","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57fe9614e4b0824b2d14d552","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Doroff, Angela M.","contributorId":140660,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Doroff","given":"Angela","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":7058,"text":"Alaska Department of Fish and Game","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":649614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Estes, James A. jim_estes@usgs.gov","contributorId":53325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Estes","given":"James","email":"jim_estes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":6949,"text":"University of California, Santa Cruz","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":649615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tinker, M. Tim 0000-0002-3314-839X ttinker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3314-839X","contributorId":2796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tinker","given":"M.","email":"ttinker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Tim","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":649616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Burn, Douglas M.","contributorId":65022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burn","given":"Douglas M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Evans, Thomas J.","contributorId":174904,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Evans","given":"Thomas J.","affiliations":[{"id":13235,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Marine Mammals Management","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":649618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70179883,"text":"70179883 - 2003 - Turbine survival and migration behavior of subyearling Chinook salmon at McNary Dam, 2003","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-19T14:10:30","indexId":"70179883","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Turbine survival and migration behavior of subyearling Chinook salmon at McNary Dam, 2003","docAbstract":"<p>Abstract not available&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Bonneville Power Administration","publisherLocation":"Portland, OR","usgsCitation":"Perry, R., Fielding, S., Cochran, A., Schei, J., Sprando, J., George, G., Adams, N., and Rondorf, D., 2003, Turbine survival and migration behavior of subyearling Chinook salmon at McNary Dam, 2003, 53 p. .","productDescription":"53 p. ","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":333473,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon, Washington","otherGeospatial":"McNary Dam ","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -119.27650451660155,\n              45.953536660296486\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.37057495117189,\n              45.93682568615142\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.37057495117189,\n              45.91151090691675\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.23187255859375,\n              45.922020330786836\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.16114807128906,\n              45.91151090691675\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.14535522460938,\n              45.94398814904658\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.27650451660155,\n              45.953536660296486\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5881dedde4b01192927d9f9f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Perry, R.W.","contributorId":43947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fielding, S.D.","contributorId":16956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fielding","given":"S.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cochran, A.D.","contributorId":178474,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cochran","given":"A.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schei, J.L.","contributorId":178420,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schei","given":"J.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sprando, J.M.","contributorId":81606,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sprando","given":"J.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"George, G.T.","contributorId":178475,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"George","given":"G.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Adams, N.S.","contributorId":178351,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Adams","given":"N.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Rondorf, D.W.","contributorId":80789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rondorf","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":659085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70179882,"text":"70179882 - 2003 - Using 3D acoustic telemetry to assess the response of resident salmonids to strobe lights in Lake Roosevelt, Washington: Chief Joseph Kokanee Enhancement Feasibility Study, 2001-2002 annual report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-19T14:02:50","indexId":"70179882","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Using 3D acoustic telemetry to assess the response of resident salmonids to strobe lights in Lake Roosevelt, Washington: Chief Joseph Kokanee Enhancement Feasibility Study, 2001-2002 annual report","docAbstract":"<p>In 1995, the Chief Joseph Kokanee Enhancement Project was established to mitigate the loss of anadromous fish due to the construction of Chief Joseph and Grand Coulee dams. The objectives of the Chief Joseph Enhancement Project are to determine the status of resident kokanee (Oncorhynchus nerka) populations above Chief Joseph and Grand Coulee dams and to enhance kokanee and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) populations. Studies conducted at Grand Coulee Dam documented substantial entrainment of kokanee through turbines at the third powerhouse.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Bonneville Power Administration","usgsCitation":"Perry, R., Farley, M., Hansen, G., Shurtleff, D., Rondorf, D., and LeCaire, R., 2003, Using 3D acoustic telemetry to assess the response of resident salmonids to strobe lights in Lake Roosevelt, Washington: Chief Joseph Kokanee Enhancement Feasibility Study, 2001-2002 annual report, xi., 64 p. .","productDescription":"xi., 64 p. ","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":333472,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Franklin D. Roosevelt Lake ","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -118.11813354492186,\n              48.69730575091258\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.24310302734374,\n              48.446511173983296\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.20602416992188,\n              48.30420725000317\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.19091796875,\n              48.25394114463431\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.09066772460936,\n              48.27679550566659\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.12774658203125,\n              48.46199462233164\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.08792114257811,\n              48.55116009425219\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.99591064453124,\n              48.70727541512677\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.10165405273438,\n              48.70818165031451\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.11813354492186,\n              48.69730575091258\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5881dedee4b01192927d9fa1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Perry, R.W.","contributorId":43947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Farley, M.J.","contributorId":178350,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Farley","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hansen, G.S.","contributorId":41556,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"G.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shurtleff, D.J.","contributorId":93597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shurtleff","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rondorf, D.W.","contributorId":80789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rondorf","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":659076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"LeCaire, R.","contributorId":178473,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"LeCaire","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70177046,"text":"70177046 - 2003 - Amphibian conservation genetics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-17T11:17:59","indexId":"70177046","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Amphibian conservation genetics","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Amphibian decline: An integrated analysis of multiple stressor effects","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"SETAC Press","usgsCitation":"Bridges, C., Rowe, C.L., and Hopkins, W.A., 2003, Amphibian conservation genetics, chap. <i>of</i> Amphibian decline: An integrated analysis of multiple stressor effects, p. 59-71.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"59","endPage":"71","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":329634,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5805e34fe4b0824b2d1c24c4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bridges, C.M.","contributorId":104652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bridges","given":"C.M.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":651122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rowe, C. L.","contributorId":175440,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rowe","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hopkins, W. A.","contributorId":175441,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hopkins","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70179912,"text":"70179912 - 2003 - Information on status, demographics, and life history of five populations of tui chub in the Cow Head Lake Slough Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-20T10:51:11","indexId":"70179912","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"title":"Information on status, demographics, and life history of five populations of tui chub in the Cow Head Lake Slough Basin","docAbstract":"<p>Abstract not available&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Scoppettone, G., and Rissler, P., 2003, Information on status, demographics, and life history of five populations of tui chub in the Cow Head Lake Slough Basin, 20 p. .","productDescription":"20 p. ","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":333540,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Cow Head Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -120.06580352783203,\n              41.94927724511655\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.00005722045898,\n              41.94966025666775\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.00022888183594,\n              41.90662090281399\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.07575988769531,\n              41.90240480582465\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.06580352783203,\n              41.94927724511655\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58833025e4b0d002316377b8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scoppettone, G.G.","contributorId":22793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scoppettone","given":"G.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rissler, P.H.","contributorId":47539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rissler","given":"P.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70179918,"text":"70179918 - 2003 - Post-release attributes and survival of hatchery and natural fall Chinook salmon in the Snake River. Annual report 2000-2001","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-20T11:04:40","indexId":"70179918","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Post-release attributes and survival of hatchery and natural fall Chinook salmon in the Snake River. Annual report 2000-2001","docAbstract":"<p>Abstract not available&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Bonneville Power Administration","publisherLocation":"Portland, OR","usgsCitation":"Tiffan, K., Rondorf, D., and Connor, W., 2003, Post-release attributes and survival of hatchery and natural fall Chinook salmon in the Snake River. Annual report 2000-2001.","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":333555,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58833025e4b0d002316377b6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tiffan, K.F.","contributorId":19327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tiffan","given":"K.F.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":659201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rondorf, D.W.","contributorId":80789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rondorf","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":659202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Connor, W.P.","contributorId":98090,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Connor","given":"W.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70025401,"text":"70025401 - 2003 - Snorkeling as an alternative to depletion electrofishing for assessing cutthroat trout and brown trout in stream pools","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-16T22:57:54.27484","indexId":"70025401","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2299,"text":"Journal of Freshwater Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Snorkeling as an alternative to depletion electrofishing for assessing cutthroat trout and brown trout in stream pools","docAbstract":"<p><span>We compared abundance and length structure estimates of&nbsp;</span>cutthroat<span>&nbsp;</span>trout<span>&nbsp;(Oncorhynchus clarki) and&nbsp;</span>brown<span>&nbsp;</span>trout<span>&nbsp;(Salmo trutta) of 15 cm total length or greater obtained by&nbsp;</span>snorkeling<span>&nbsp;</span>in<span>&nbsp;</span>stream<span>&nbsp;</span>pools<span>&nbsp;with estimates obtained by&nbsp;</span>depletion<span>&nbsp;</span>electrofishing<span>. We sampled 12&nbsp;</span>pools<span>&nbsp;</span>in<span>&nbsp;each of two streams formed by large springs&nbsp;</span>in<span>&nbsp;the Salt River Valley of western Wyoming.&nbsp;</span>Snorkeling<span>&nbsp;counts provided a relatively accurate index of&nbsp;</span>depletion<span>&nbsp;</span>electrofishing<span>&nbsp;estimates of abundance of&nbsp;</span>cutthroat<span>&nbsp;</span>trout<span>, but not&nbsp;</span>brown<span>&nbsp;</span>trout<span>. Linear regression analysis showed that&nbsp;</span>snorkeling<span>&nbsp;counts were significantly related to&nbsp;</span>depletion<span>&nbsp;</span>electrofishing<span>&nbsp;estimates for both&nbsp;</span>cutthroat<span>&nbsp;</span>trout<span>&nbsp;(P &lt; 0.001) and&nbsp;</span>brown<span>&nbsp;</span>trout<span>&nbsp;(P = 0.002), but the coefficient of determination for&nbsp;</span>brown<span>&nbsp;</span>trout<span>&nbsp;(r</span><sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;= 0.33) was low compared to&nbsp;</span>cutthroat<span>&nbsp;</span>trout<span>&nbsp;(r</span><sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;= 0.95). Frequencies of fish&nbsp;</span>in<span>&nbsp;three length classes observed by&nbsp;</span>snorkeling<span>&nbsp;and&nbsp;</span>depletion<span>&nbsp;</span>electrofishing<span>&nbsp;were close to being significantly different for&nbsp;</span>cutthroat<span>&nbsp;</span>trout<span>&nbsp;(P = 0.066) and substantially different for&nbsp;</span>brown<span>&nbsp;</span>trout<span>&nbsp;(P= 0.005).&nbsp;</span>Snorkeling<span>&nbsp;frequently failed to observe fish&nbsp;</span>in<span>&nbsp;the shortest length class (15–29 cm total length) of both&nbsp;</span>cutthroat<span>&nbsp;</span>trout<span>&nbsp;and&nbsp;</span>brown<span>&nbsp;</span>trout<span>.&nbsp;</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/02705060.2003.9664487","issn":"02705060","usgsCitation":"Joyce, M.P., and Hubert, W., 2003, Snorkeling as an alternative to depletion electrofishing for assessing cutthroat trout and brown trout in stream pools: Journal of Freshwater Ecology, v. 18, no. 2, p. 215-222, https://doi.org/10.1080/02705060.2003.9664487.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"215","endPage":"222","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478505,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02705060.2003.9664487","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":387961,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b91b0e4b08c986b319a2d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Joyce, M. P.","contributorId":34292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Joyce","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hubert, W.A.","contributorId":12822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubert","given":"W.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70179921,"text":"70179921 - 2003 - Passage behavior of radio-tagged subyearling Chinook salmon at Bonneville Dam, 2002: Revised for corrected spill annual report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-20T11:18:51","indexId":"70179921","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"title":"Passage behavior of radio-tagged subyearling Chinook salmon at Bonneville Dam, 2002: Revised for corrected spill annual report","docAbstract":"<p>Abstract not available</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Evans, S., Wright, L., Wardell, R., Adams, N., and Rondorf, D., 2003, Passage behavior of radio-tagged subyearling Chinook salmon at Bonneville Dam, 2002: Revised for corrected spill annual report, 44 p. .","productDescription":"44 p. ","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":333561,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon, Washington","otherGeospatial":"Bonneville dam ","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -121.93553924560548,\n              45.65196831328892\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.94686889648438,\n              45.65220830053406\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.95854187011717,\n              45.64812837751117\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.9647216796875,\n              45.64044771618124\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.9698715209961,\n              45.63420640346962\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.96712493896486,\n              45.627004024977886\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.94652557373045,\n              45.634446466813046\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.92798614501953,\n              45.639727600192906\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.91253662109376,\n              45.64644832282618\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.90704345703124,\n              45.65028837377915\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.91150665283203,\n              45.656767862805964\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.92558288574217,\n              45.65244828675087\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.93553924560548,\n              45.65196831328892\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58833025e4b0d002316377b2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Evans, S.D.","contributorId":69282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"S.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wright, L.S","contributorId":178349,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wright","given":"L.S","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wardell, R.E.","contributorId":178491,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wardell","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Adams, N.S.","contributorId":178351,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Adams","given":"N.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rondorf, D.W.","contributorId":80789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rondorf","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":659217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70176661,"text":"70176661 - 2003 - Desert tortoise (<i>Gopherus agassizii</i>) survival at two eastern Mojave Desert sites: Death by short-term drought?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-23T14:23:17","indexId":"70176661","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2334,"text":"Journal of Herpetology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Desert tortoise (<i>Gopherus agassizii</i>) survival at two eastern Mojave Desert sites: Death by short-term drought?","docAbstract":"<p><span>Survival of adult Desert Tortoises (</span><i>Gopherus agassizii</i><span>) appears related to site-specific variation in precipitation and productivity of annual plants. We studied adult tortoise survival rates at two closely situated, but physiographically different, sites in the eastern Mojave Desert over a nine-year period (spring 1992 to spring 2001). Survival rates were initially derived from population surveys conducted over a three-year period and by radio-telemetry monitoring over a seven-year period beginning in 1994. After a period of initial stability, survival rates on the two sites diverged over the study period, and seven-year survival rates estimated from radio-telemetry monitoring were 0.900 and 0.269, respectively. A die-off in 1996 on the latter site appears to have been triggered by a period of drought, which began in the summer of 1995, coupled with a failure of annual vegetation production in 1996. Depressed survival rates on this site were associated with drought conditions during three of four years. Although the decline had the appearance of an epizootic, there were no clinical signs of disease. Relatively short-term drought, combined with little or no annual biomass, appears to have caused severe reductions in tortoise survival. If periods of drought-induced low survival are common over relatively small areas, then source-sink population dynamics may be an important factor determining tortoise population densities.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"The Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles","doi":"10.1670/0022-1511(2003)037[0169:DTGASA]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Longshore, K.M., Jaeger, J., and Sappington, J.M., 2003, Desert tortoise (<i>Gopherus agassizii</i>) survival at two eastern Mojave Desert sites: Death by short-term drought?: Journal of Herpetology, v. 37, no. 1, p. 169-177, https://doi.org/10.1670/0022-1511(2003)037[0169:DTGASA]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"169","endPage":"177","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":328925,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57fe9614e4b0824b2d14d554","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Longshore, Kathleen M. 0000-0001-6621-1271 longshore@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6621-1271","contributorId":2677,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Longshore","given":"Kathleen","email":"longshore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":649520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jaeger, Jef R.","contributorId":52855,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaeger","given":"Jef R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sappington, J. Mark","contributorId":174883,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sappington","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Mark","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70026000,"text":"70026000 - 2003 - High-resolution climatic evolution of coastal northern California during the past 16,000 years","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-10T18:09:30.990282","indexId":"70026000","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3002,"text":"Paleoceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"High-resolution climatic evolution of coastal northern California during the past 16,000 years","docAbstract":"<p><span>Holocene and latest Pleistocene oceanographic conditions and the coastal climate of northern California have varied greatly, based upon high-resolution studies (ca. every 100 years) of diatoms, alkenones, pollen, CaCO</span><sub>3</sub><span>%, and total organic carbon at Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 1019 (41.682°N, 124.930°W, 980 m water depth). Marine climate proxies (alkenone sea surface temperatures [SSTs] and CaCO</span><sub>3</sub><span>%) behaved remarkably like the Greenland Ice Sheet Project (GISP)-2 oxygen isotope record during the Bølling-Allerod, Younger Dryas (YD), and early part of the Holocene. During the YD, alkenone SSTs decreased by &gt;3°C below mean Bølling-Allerod and Holocene SSTs. The early Holocene (ca. 11.6 to 8.2 ka) was a time of generally warm conditions and moderate CaCO</span><sub>3</sub><span>&nbsp;content (generally &gt;4%). The middle part of the Holocene (ca. 8.2 to 3.2 ka) was marked by alkenone SSTs that were consistently 1–2°C cooler than either the earlier or later parts of the Holocene, by greatly reduced numbers of the gyre-diatom&nbsp;</span><i>Pseudoeunotia doliolus</i><span>&nbsp;(&lt;10%), and by a permanent drop in CaCO</span><sub>3</sub><span>% to &lt;3%. Starting at ca. 5.2 ka, coastal redwood and alder began a steady rise, arguing for increasing effective moisture and the development of the north coast temperate rain forest. At ca. 3.2 ka, a permanent ca. 1°C increase in alkenone SST and a threefold increase in&nbsp;</span><i>P. doliolus</i><span>&nbsp;signaled a warming of fall and winter SSTs. Intensified (higher amplitude and more frequent) cycles of pine pollen alternating with increased alder and redwood pollen are evidence that rapid changes in effective moisture and seasonal temperature (enhanced El Niño–Southern Oscillation [ENSO] cycles) have characterized the Site 1019 record since about 3.5 ka.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2002PA000768","issn":"08838305","usgsCitation":"Barron, J., Heusser, L., Herbert, T., and Lyle, M., 2003, High-resolution climatic evolution of coastal northern California during the past 16,000 years: Paleoceanography, v. 18, no. 1, p. 20-1-20-19, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002PA000768.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"20-1","endPage":"20-19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":486939,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2002pa000768","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":234547,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Pacific Ocean","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -127.73260080828507,\n              42.07058078746425\n            ],\n            [\n              -127.73260080828507,\n              40.205709758373615\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.29608776430297,\n              40.205709758373615\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.29608776430297,\n              42.07058078746425\n            ],\n            [\n              -127.73260080828507,\n              42.07058078746425\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"18","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-03-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a30ffe4b0c8380cd5db4f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barron, J.A. 0000-0002-9309-1145","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9309-1145","contributorId":95461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barron","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Heusser, L.","contributorId":106888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heusser","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Herbert, T.","contributorId":56839,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herbert","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lyle, M.","contributorId":40344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyle","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70178153,"text":"70178153 - 2003 - Casual analysis and the evaluation of declining amphibian populations: Illustrative case studies","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70178153,"text":"70178153 - 2003 - Casual analysis and the evaluation of declining amphibian populations: Illustrative case studies","indexId":"70178153","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"chapter":"8A","title":"Casual analysis and the evaluation of declining amphibian populations: Illustrative case studies"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":5200280,"text":"5200280 - 2003 - Amphibian decline: An integrated analysis of multiple stressor effects","indexId":"5200280","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"title":"Amphibian decline: An integrated analysis of multiple stressor effects"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":5200280,"text":"5200280 - 2003 - Amphibian decline: An integrated analysis of multiple stressor effects","indexId":"5200280","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"title":"Amphibian decline: An integrated analysis of multiple stressor effects"},"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-04T11:55:43","indexId":"70178153","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"8A","title":"Casual analysis and the evaluation of declining amphibian populations: Illustrative case studies","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.&nbsp;</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Amphibian decline: An integrated analysis of multiple stressor effects (Proceedings from the workshop on the global decline of amphibian populations)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Workshop on the global decline of amphibian populations: An integrated analysis of multiple stressor effects","conferenceDate":"August 18-23, 2001","conferenceLocation":"Racine, WI","language":"English","publisher":"SETAC","isbn":"978-1-880611-55-5","usgsCitation":"Linder, G.L., 2003, Casual analysis and the evaluation of declining amphibian populations: Illustrative case studies, chap. 8A <i>of</i> Amphibian decline: An integrated analysis of multiple stressor effects (Proceedings from the workshop on the global decline of amphibian populations), p. 243-248.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"243","endPage":"248","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":330738,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":330737,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.setac.org/store/ViewProduct.aspx?id=1028946"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"581d9e2ce4b0dee4cc90cbcd","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Linder, Greg L. linder2@usgs.gov","contributorId":1766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Linder","given":"Greg","email":"linder2@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":653035,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Krest, Sherry K.","contributorId":113670,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krest","given":"Sherry","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653036,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sparling, Donald W.","contributorId":7220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sparling","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653037,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Linder, Greg L. linder2@usgs.gov","contributorId":1766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Linder","given":"Greg","email":"linder2@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":653034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70179908,"text":"70179908 - 2003 - Behavior of radio-tagged juvenile Chinook salmon and steelhead and performance of a removable spillway weir at Lower Granite Dam, Washington, 2002","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-20T10:31:02","indexId":"70179908","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"title":"Behavior of radio-tagged juvenile Chinook salmon and steelhead and performance of a removable spillway weir at Lower Granite Dam, Washington, 2002","docAbstract":"<p>Abstract not available&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Plumb, J., Braatz, A., Lucchesi, J., Fielding, S., Sprando, J., George, G., Adams, N., and Rondorf, D., 2003, Behavior of radio-tagged juvenile Chinook salmon and steelhead and performance of a removable spillway weir at Lower Granite Dam, Washington, 2002, 123 p. .","productDescription":"123 p. ","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":333527,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Lower Granite Dam","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -117.46238708496094,\n              46.70691089512586\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.40539550781249,\n              46.67299877463589\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.3779296875,\n              46.65320687122665\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.32574462890624,\n              46.6088844501943\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.23304748535155,\n              46.55130547880643\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.26257324218749,\n              46.53760967898475\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.36419677734375,\n              46.5772707811812\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.40882873535156,\n              46.62020426357956\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.4500274658203,\n              46.65462081890466\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.47337341308594,\n              46.68901548485151\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.48435974121095,\n              46.68995749641134\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.48435974121095,\n              46.705027447019\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.46238708496094,\n              46.70691089512586\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58833025e4b0d002316377bc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Plumb, J.M.","contributorId":37870,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plumb","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Braatz, A.C.","contributorId":65962,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Braatz","given":"A.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lucchesi, J.N.","contributorId":178478,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lucchesi","given":"J.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fielding, S.D.","contributorId":16956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fielding","given":"S.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sprando, J.M.","contributorId":81606,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sprando","given":"J.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"George, G.T.","contributorId":178475,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"George","given":"G.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Adams, N.S.","contributorId":178351,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Adams","given":"N.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Rondorf, D.W.","contributorId":80789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rondorf","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":659183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70179880,"text":"70179880 - 2003 - Identification of larval Pacific lampreys (Lampetra tridentata), river lampreys (L. ayresi), and western brook lampreys (L. richardsoni) and thermal requirements of early life history stages of lampreys. Annual report 2002-2003","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-19T13:49:13","indexId":"70179880","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Identification of larval Pacific lampreys (Lampetra tridentata), river lampreys (L. ayresi), and western brook lampreys (L. richardsoni) and thermal requirements of early life history stages of lampreys. Annual report 2002-2003","docAbstract":"<p><span>Two fundamental aspects of lamprey biology were examined to provide tools for population assessment and determination of critical habitat needs of Columbia River Basin (CRB) lampreys (the Pacific lamprey, Lampetra tridentata, and the western brook lamprey, L. richardsoni). We evaluated the usefulness of current diagnostic characteristics for identification of larval lampreys (i.e., pigment patterns) and collected material for development of meristic and morphometric descriptions of early life stage CRB lampreys, and we determined the effects of temperature on survival and development of early life stage CRB lampreys. Thirty-one larval lampreys were collected from locations throughout the CRB and transported to the Columbia River Research Laboratory. Lampreys were sampled at six-week intervals at which time they were identified to the species level based on current diagnostic characteristics. Sampling was repeated until lampreys metamorphosed, at which time species identification was validated based on dentition, or until they died, at which time they were preserved for genetic examination. These lampreys were sampled 30 times with two individuals metamorphosing, both of which were consistently identified, and subsequently validated, as Pacific lampreys. Of the remaining lampreys, only one was inconsistently identified (Pacific lamprey in 83% of the sampling events and western brook lamprey in 17%</span><span> of the sampling events). These data suggest that pigmentation patterns do not change appreciably through time. In 2001 and 2002 we artificially spawned Pacific and western brook lampreys in the laboratory to provide material for meristic and morphometric descriptions. We collected, digitized, preserved, and measured the mean chorion diameter of Pacific and western brook lamprey embryos. Embryos ranged in development from 1 d post fertilization to just prior to hatch, and were incubated at 14 C. Mean chorion diameter was greater and more variable for Pacific lampreys (mean {+-} SD; 1.468 {+-} 0.107 mm, N = 320) than for western brook lampreys (1.237 {+-} 0.064 mm, N = 280). An unpaired t-test showed that the difference in mean chorion diameter between species was highly significant (t = 32.788, df = 528.62, P &lt; 0.0001). For larvae, we collected, digitized, and preserved 156 individuals from each species. Eight homologous landmarks defining a two-cell truss network with two appended triangles were selected for morphometric analyses and species discrimination. A full model discriminant analysis correctly classified 92% of the Pacific lampreys and 93% of the western brook lampreys in a classification data set. When applied to a test data set, the classification functions correctly classified 91% of the Pacific lampreys and 85% of the western brook lampreys. A backward elimination discriminant analysis removed four variables from the full model, and the reduced model correctly classified 91% of the Pacific lampreys and 93% of the western brook lampreys in a classification data set. The reduced model classification functions correctly classified 91% of the Pacific lampreys and 85% of the western brook lampreys in a test data set. In 2001 and 2002 Pacific and western brook lampreys were artificially spawned and resulting progeny were reared in the laboratory at 10 C, 14 C, 18 C, and 22 C. The estimated temperature for zero development was 4.85 C for Pacific and 4.97 C for western brook lampreys. Survival was greatest at 18 C followed by 14 C, 10 C, and 22 C, with significant differences observed between 22 C and other temperatures. Overall survival was significantly greater for western brook than for Pacific lampreys, although the difference in proportion of individuals surviving was only 0.02. Survival to hatch was significantly greater than survival to the larval stage with a difference of only 0.03. The proportion of individuals exhibiting abnormalities at the larval stage was greatest at 22 C followed by 18 C, 10 C, and 14 C, with significant differences observed between 22 C and other temperatures.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Bonneville Power Administration","doi":"10.2172/963076","usgsCitation":"Meeuwig, M., Bayer, J., Seelye, J., and Reiche, R., 2003, Identification of larval Pacific lampreys (Lampetra tridentata), river lampreys (L. ayresi), and western brook lampreys (L. richardsoni) and thermal requirements of early life history stages of lampreys. Annual report 2002-2003, https://doi.org/10.2172/963076.","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":486965,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/963076","text":"External Repository"},{"id":333470,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5881dedee4b01192927d9fa5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meeuwig, M.H.","contributorId":24741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meeuwig","given":"M.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bayer, J.M.","contributorId":47945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bayer","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Seelye, J.G.","contributorId":32861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seelye","given":"J.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Reiche, R.A.","contributorId":68107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reiche","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70179887,"text":"70179887 - 2003 - Behavior and survival of radio-tagged juvenile Chinook salmon and steelhead relative to the performance of a removable spillway weir at Lower Granite Dam, Washington, 2003","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-19T14:42:19","indexId":"70179887","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"title":"Behavior and survival of radio-tagged juvenile Chinook salmon and steelhead relative to the performance of a removable spillway weir at Lower Granite Dam, Washington, 2003","docAbstract":"<p>Abstract not available&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Plumb, J., Braatz, A., Lucchesi, J., Fielding, S., Cochran, A., Nation, T., Sprando, J., Schei, J., Perry, R., Adams, N., and Rondorf, D., 2003, Behavior and survival of radio-tagged juvenile Chinook salmon and steelhead relative to the performance of a removable spillway weir at Lower Granite Dam, Washington, 2003, 116 p. .","productDescription":"116 p. ","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":333480,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Lower Granite Dam ","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -117.4376678466797,\n              46.68760243670695\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.2632598876953,\n              46.58010260780624\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.23785400390625,\n              46.52910709981271\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.25776672363281,\n              46.523437974151776\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.33329772949219,\n              46.56735822330717\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.39372253417969,\n              46.60275189664713\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.42324829101562,\n              46.640951109437744\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.46307373046874,\n              46.670642975602775\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.4376678466797,\n              46.68760243670695\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5881dedde4b01192927d9f9b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Plumb, J.M.","contributorId":37870,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plumb","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Braatz, A.C.","contributorId":65962,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Braatz","given":"A.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lucchesi, J.N.","contributorId":178478,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lucchesi","given":"J.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fielding, S.D.","contributorId":16956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fielding","given":"S.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cochran, A.D.","contributorId":178474,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cochran","given":"A.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Nation, T.K.","contributorId":178479,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nation","given":"T.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Sprando, J.M.","contributorId":81606,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sprando","given":"J.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Schei, J.L.","contributorId":178420,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schei","given":"J.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Perry, R.W.","contributorId":43947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Adams, N.S.","contributorId":178351,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Adams","given":"N.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Rondorf, D.W.","contributorId":80789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rondorf","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":659111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}}
,{"id":70179907,"text":"70179907 - 2003 - Behavior and migratory delay of radio-tagged juvenile spring Chinook salmon and steelhead through Lower Granite Dam and reservoir during a drought year. 2001","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-20T10:24:56","indexId":"70179907","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"title":"Behavior and migratory delay of radio-tagged juvenile spring Chinook salmon and steelhead through Lower Granite Dam and reservoir during a drought year. 2001","docAbstract":"<p>Abstract not available&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","publisherLocation":"Walla Walla, WA","usgsCitation":"Plumb, J., Novick, M., Braatz, A., Lucchesi, J., Sprando, J., Adams, N., and Rondorf, D., 2003, Behavior and migratory delay of radio-tagged juvenile spring Chinook salmon and steelhead through Lower Granite Dam and reservoir during a drought year. 2001, 64 p. .","productDescription":"64 p. ","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":333525,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington ","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -117.46238708496094,\n              46.70691089512586\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.40539550781249,\n              46.67299877463589\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.3779296875,\n              46.65320687122665\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.32574462890624,\n              46.6088844501943\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.23304748535155,\n              46.55130547880643\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.26257324218749,\n              46.53760967898475\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.36419677734375,\n              46.5772707811812\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.40882873535156,\n              46.62020426357956\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.4500274658203,\n              46.65462081890466\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.47337341308594,\n              46.68901548485151\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.48435974121095,\n              46.68995749641134\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.48435974121095,\n              46.705027447019\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.46238708496094,\n              46.70691089512586\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58833026e4b0d002316377be","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Plumb, J.M.","contributorId":37870,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plumb","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Novick, M.S.","contributorId":177796,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Novick","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Braatz, A.C.","contributorId":65962,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Braatz","given":"A.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lucchesi, J.N.","contributorId":178478,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lucchesi","given":"J.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sprando, J.M.","contributorId":81606,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sprando","given":"J.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Adams, N.S.","contributorId":178351,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Adams","given":"N.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Rondorf, D.W.","contributorId":80789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rondorf","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":659175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70024691,"text":"70024691 - 2003 - Capture methods for Musk Ducks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:14","indexId":"70024691","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3764,"text":"Wildfowl","onlineIssn":"2052-6458","printIssn":"0954-6324","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Capture methods for Musk Ducks","docAbstract":"Musk Ducks Biziura lobata are endemic to wetlands, river systems and coastal oceanic waters of temperate Australia. Individuals of this species are difficult to capture because of their excellent swimming and diving abilities and frequent use of deep-water habitats. Night-lighting, baited clover-leaf traps and walk-in-nest-traps were used to capture Musk Ducks at Murray Lagoon, Cape Gantheaume Conservation Park, Kangaroo Island, South Australia. These techniques should be useful for capturing Musk Ducks at other locations in Australia.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildfowl","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"09546324","usgsCitation":"McCracken, K.G., Hemmings, J., Paton, D., and Afton, A., 2003, Capture methods for Musk Ducks: Wildfowl, v. 54, p. 211-241.","startPage":"211","endPage":"241","numberOfPages":"31","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232812,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"54","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f350e4b0c8380cd4b70f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCracken, K. G.","contributorId":7431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCracken","given":"K.","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hemmings, J.","contributorId":24960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hemmings","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Paton, D.C.","contributorId":59204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paton","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Afton, A. D.","contributorId":83467,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Afton","given":"A. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70179884,"text":"70179884 - 2003 - Historical changes in the Columbia River estuary based on sediment cores: feasibility studies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-19T14:25:45","indexId":"70179884","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Historical changes in the Columbia River estuary based on sediment cores: feasibility studies","docAbstract":"<p>The importance of the Columbia River estuary to salmon, other fishes, migratory birds, and other species is fairly well established. Relatively little is known, however, about long-term, historic variations in biological processes and conditions within the estuary. For example, have conditions varied greatly with climatic regime shifts and how has dam construction on the Columbia River influenced biological communities over time? We conducted a feasibility study to see if sediment cores from the estuary could be aged and whether biological or contaminant indicators could be identified. Such information could be useful in understanding long-term environmental variation and in restoration studies. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/70179884","usgsCitation":"Petersen, J., Reisenbichler, R., Gelfenbaum, G., Peterson, C., Baker, D., Leavitt, P., Simenstad, C., and Prahl, F., 2003, Historical changes in the Columbia River estuary based on sediment cores: feasibility studies, 73 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70179884.","productDescription":"73 p.","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":333476,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon, Washington","otherGeospatial":"Columbia River ","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -124.04937744140625,\n              46.32796494040746\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.4808349609375,\n              46.31468715855951\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.2281494140625,\n              46.23495279600417\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.01391601562499,\n              46.20074541128312\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.794189453125,\n              46.09037664604301\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.9754638671875,\n              46.05417324177816\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.34625244140624,\n              46.11322971817248\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.56597900390626,\n              46.1893382140708\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.88732910156249,\n              46.155102414967125\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.002685546875,\n              46.210249600187225\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.07135009765625,\n              46.27103747280261\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.04937744140625,\n              46.32796494040746\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5881dedde4b01192927d9f9d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Petersen, J.H.","contributorId":72154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petersen","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reisenbichler, R.","contributorId":81291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reisenbichler","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gelfenbaum, G.R.","contributorId":88766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gelfenbaum","given":"G.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Peterson, C.","contributorId":61000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Baker, D.","contributorId":178477,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baker","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Leavitt, P.R.","contributorId":55982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leavitt","given":"P.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Simenstad, C.A.","contributorId":6798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simenstad","given":"C.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Prahl, F.G.","contributorId":178476,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Prahl","given":"F.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70178137,"text":"70178137 - 2003 - Bisphenol A is released from used polycarbonate animal cages into water at room temperature","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-28T18:26:46.509127","indexId":"70178137","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1542,"text":"Environmental Health Perspectives","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bisphenol A is released from used polycarbonate animal cages into water at room temperature","docAbstract":"<p><span>Bisphenol A (BPA) is a monomer with estrogenic activity that is used in the production of food packaging, dental sealants, polycarbonate plastic, and many other products. The monomer has previously been reported to hydrolyze and leach from these products under high heat and alkaline conditions, and the amount of leaching increases as a function of use. We examined whether new and used polycarbonate animal cages passively release bioactive levels of BPA into water at room temperature and neutral pH. Purified water was incubated at room temperature in new polycarbonate and polysulfone cages and used (discolored) polycarbonate cages, as well as control (glass and used polypropylene) containers. The resulting water samples were characterized with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and tested for estrogenic activity using an MCF-7 human breast cancer cell proliferation assay. Significant estrogenic activity, identifiable as BPA by GC/MS (up to 310 micro g/L), was released from used polycarbonate animal cages. Detectable levels of BPA were released from new polycarbonate cages (up to 0.3 micro g/L) as well as new polysulfone cages (1.5 micro g/L), whereas no BPA was detected in water incubated in glass and used polypropylene cages. Finally, BPA exposure as a result of being housed in used polycarbonate cages produced a 16% increase in uterine weight in prepubertal female mice relative to females housed in used polypropylene cages, although the difference was not statistically significant. Our findings suggest that laboratory animals maintained in polycarbonate and polysulfone cages are exposed to BPA via leaching, with exposure reaching the highest levels in old cages.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","doi":"10.1289/ehp.5993","usgsCitation":"Howdeshell, K.L., Peterman, P.H., Judy, B.M., Taylor, J.A., Orazio, C.E., Ruhlen, R.L., vom Saal, F., and Welshons, W.V., 2003, Bisphenol A is released from used polycarbonate animal cages into water at room temperature: Environmental Health Perspectives, v. 111, no. 9, p. 1180-1187, https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.5993.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1180","endPage":"1187","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478464,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.5993","text":"External Repository"},{"id":387516,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"111","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"581c4cc5e4b09688d6e90ffb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Howdeshell, Kembra L.","contributorId":176638,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Howdeshell","given":"Kembra","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peterman, Paul H. ppeterman@usgs.gov","contributorId":2872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterman","given":"Paul","email":"ppeterman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":652953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Judy, Barbara M.","contributorId":176639,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Judy","given":"Barbara","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Taylor, Julia A.","contributorId":140428,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Taylor","given":"Julia","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":13494,"text":"Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":652955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Orazio, Carl E. 0000-0002-2532-9668 corazio@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2532-9668","contributorId":1366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orazio","given":"Carl","email":"corazio@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":652956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ruhlen, Rachel L.","contributorId":176640,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ruhlen","given":"Rachel","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"vom Saal, Frederick S.","contributorId":17488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"vom Saal","given":"Frederick S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Welshons, Wade V.","contributorId":169916,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Welshons","given":"Wade","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":1015337,"text":"1015337 - 2003 - Recurrence of Mexican long-tongued bats (Choeronycteris mexicana) at historical sites in Arizona and New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-26T12:59:49","indexId":"1015337","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3746,"text":"Western North American Naturalist","onlineIssn":"1944-8341","printIssn":"1527-0904","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Recurrence of Mexican long-tongued bats (<i>Choeronycteris mexicana</i>) at historical sites in Arizona and New Mexico","title":"Recurrence of Mexican long-tongued bats (Choeronycteris mexicana) at historical sites in Arizona and New Mexico","docAbstract":"<p>The Mexican long-tongued bat (<i>Choeronycteris mexicana</i>) is a nectar-eating species that seasonally inhabits the southwestern United States. Since 1906, fewer than 1500 individuals of <i>C. mexicana</i> have been documented throughout the range of the species. We conducted a field survey in Arizona and New Mexico during summer 1999 to check historically occupied areas for recurrence of <i>C. mexicana</i>. We observed <i>C. mexicana</i> occupying a majority (75%, n = 18) of visited sites. Multiple individuals were observed at many sites, including young-of-year. <i>Choeronycteris mexicana</i> roosted in lighted areas close to entrances within mine adits, abandoned buildings, wide rock crevices, and caves. All occupied sites were in Madrean evergreen woodlands or semidesert grasslands where species of Agave were present. Most sites were located near a water source and, with the exception of a single site, near areas of riparian vegetation. Sites at which we did not encounter <i>C. mexicana </i>were frequently disturbed, difficult to search, or historically occupied by single individuals. Based on the relatively high rate of bat recurrence, we do not believe that populations of <i>C. mexicana</i> in the region have declined dramatically over the past several decades.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Monte L. Bean Life Science Museum, Brigham Young University","usgsCitation":"Cryan, P., and Bogan, M., 2003, Recurrence of Mexican long-tongued bats (Choeronycteris mexicana) at historical sites in Arizona and New Mexico: Western North American Naturalist, v. 63, no. 3, p. 314-319.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"314","endPage":"319","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134108,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":14866,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/41717299"}],"volume":"63","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db635397","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cryan, P.M.","contributorId":82635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cryan","given":"P.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bogan, M.A.","contributorId":17939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bogan","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":53156,"text":"fs12703 - 2003 - The human footprint in the west: a large-scale analysis of human impacts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-30T15:48:44","indexId":"fs12703","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"127-03","title":"The human footprint in the west: a large-scale analysis of human impacts","docAbstract":"Background\r\n\r\nHumans have dramatically altered wildlands in the western United States over the past 100 years by using these lands and the resources they provide. Anthropogenic changes to the landscape, such as urban expansion and development of rural areas, influence the number and kinds of plants and wildlife that remain. In addition, western ecosystems are also affected by roads, powerlines, and other networks and land uses necessary to maintain human populations.\r\n\r\nThe cumulative impacts of human presence and actions on a landscape are called the \"human footprint.\" These impacts may affect plants and wildlife by increasing the number of synanthropic (species that benefit from human activities) bird and mammal predators and facilitating their movements through the landscape or by creating unsuitable habitats. These actions can impact plants and wildlife to such an extent that the persistence of populations or entire species is questionable. For example, greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) once were widespread throughout the Great Basin, but now are a focus of conservation concern because populations have declined for the past three decades across most of their range. At the USGS Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center, we are developing spatial models to better understand potential influences of the human footprint on shrubland ecosystems and associated wildlife in the western United States.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs12703","usgsCitation":"Leu, M., 2003, The human footprint in the west: a large-scale analysis of human impacts: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 127-03, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs12703.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":4738,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2003/0127/fs12703.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 127-03"},{"id":125270,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2003/0127/coverthb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a91e4b07f02db656c8c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leu, Matthias","contributorId":68393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leu","given":"Matthias","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":246797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1001863,"text":"1001863 - 2003 - Predator exclusion methods for managing endangered shorebirds: Are two barriers better than one?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-03-14T17:34:27.389673","indexId":"1001863","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3731,"text":"Waterbirds","onlineIssn":"19385390","printIssn":"15244695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predator exclusion methods for managing endangered shorebirds: Are two barriers better than one?","docAbstract":"<p id=\"ID0EF\" class=\"first\">Reproductive success of shorebirds can be improved by placement of predator exclosure fences along beaches or wire-mesh exclosure “cages” over nests. We predicted that these two types of exclosures used simultaneously might further improve reproductive success over that when cages alone are used. Field experiments were carried out on Piping Plovers (<span class=\"genus-species\">Charadrius melodus</span>) on prairie alkali lakes in North Dakota and Montana. During 1996 and 1997, we compared success of nesting plover pairs provided with: (1) no protection, (2) cages that protected eggs in individual nests from both mammalian and avian predators, and (3) a combination of cages plus a temporary electric fence that excluded mammalian predators from the entire nesting beach where chicks were being reared. In 20 replicated trials, fledgling production rates were: no protection, 0.72 chicks/pair (95% CI: 0.29-1.15, N = 43 pairs); cage only, 1.73 (1.30-2.16, N = 46); fence plus cage, 2.06 (1.63-2.49, N = 50). Production by protected pairs was significantly greater than for unprotected pairs. However, no significant difference in production was detected between the two protection types. Temporary electric fences were relatively expensive to apply and added little to the effectiveness of cages, but may be appropriate in situations where cages cannot be used or where mammalian predation on chicks is a greater threat.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"The Waterbird Society","doi":"10.1675/1524-4695(2003)026[0156:PEMFME]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Murphy, R.K., Greenwood, R.J., Ivan, J., and Smith, K.A., 2003, Predator exclusion methods for managing endangered shorebirds: Are two barriers better than one?: Waterbirds, v. 26, no. 2, p. 156-159, https://doi.org/10.1675/1524-4695(2003)026[0156:PEMFME]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"156","endPage":"159","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130389,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana, North Dakota","county":"Divide County, McLean County, Mountrail County, Sheridan County, Ward County, Williams County","city":"Lostwood","otherGeospatial":"Williams Preserve","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -101.00006103515625,\n              47.48217672294507\n            ],\n            [\n              -100.70102691650389,\n              47.48217672294507\n            ],\n            [\n              -100.70102691650389,\n              47.58856790334661\n            ],\n            [\n              -101.00006103515625,\n              47.58856790334661\n            ],\n            [\n              -101.00006103515625,\n              47.48217672294507\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -102.7056884765625,\n              48.38817819201506\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.1453857421875,\n              48.38817819201506\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.1453857421875,\n              48.59341332926223\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.7056884765625,\n              48.59341332926223\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.7056884765625,\n              48.38817819201506\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -104.6832275390625,\n              47.97889140226657\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.1781005859375,\n              47.97889140226657\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.1781005859375,\n              48.99824008113872\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.6832275390625,\n              48.99824008113872\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.6832275390625,\n              47.97889140226657\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"26","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acfe4b07f02db67ff6e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Murphy, Robert K.","contributorId":67643,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Murphy","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":56253,"text":"Eagle Environmental, Inc","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":311977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Greenwood, R. J.","contributorId":74326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greenwood","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ivan, Jacob S.","contributorId":200243,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ivan","given":"Jacob S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smith, Karen A.","contributorId":77477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Karen","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":2002322,"text":"2002322 - 2003 - White paper on post-fire effects, including physical and biological","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:56","indexId":"2002322","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"White paper on post-fire effects, including physical and biological","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Brooks, M., Cannon, S., and Kotliar, N., 2003, White paper on post-fire effects, including physical and biological, p. 53-56.","productDescription":"p. 53-56","startPage":"53","endPage":"56","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199193,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dde4b07f02db5e1e28","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brooks, M.L.","contributorId":70322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cannon, S.H.","contributorId":38154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannon","given":"S.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kotliar, N.B.","contributorId":7649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kotliar","given":"N.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1015288,"text":"1015288 - 2003 - Effects of river flow regime on cottonwood leaf litter dynamics in semi-arid northwestern Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-26T12:27:21","indexId":"1015288","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3451,"text":"Southwestern Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of river flow regime on cottonwood leaf litter dynamics in semi-arid northwestern Colorado","docAbstract":"<p>We compared production and breakdown of Fremont cottonwood (<i>Populus deltoides wislizenii</i>) leaf litter at matched floodplain sites on the regulated Green River and unregulated Yampa River in semi-arid northwestern Colorado. Litter production under trees was similar at sites in 1999 (250 g/m<sup>2</sup>, oven-dry) but lower in 2000 (215 and 130 g/m<sup>2</sup>), a drought year that also featured an outbreak of defoliating beetles at the Yampa River site. Our production values were similar to the few others reported for riparian forests within semi-arid or arid areas. Leaf litter in portions of the floodplain not inundated during the spring flood lost organic matter at the same rate as leaves placed in upland sites in 1998 and 2000: 35 to 50% of organic matter during an approximately 160-day spring and summer period. Inundated litter lost 55 to 90% of its organic matter during the same period. Organic matter loss from inundated leaves increased with duration of inundation and with deposition of fine sediment. Pooled across locations, leafpack data suggested that nitrogen concentration (mg N/kg organic matter) increased until about 65% of the initial organic matter was lost. This increase likely reflected the buildup of microbial decomposer populations. The role of insects and other macroinvertebrates in litter breakdown apparently was minor at both sites. Large spatial and temporal variation in litter dynamics in aridland floodplain settings is ensured by microtopographic variation in the alluvial surface coupled with year-to-year variation associated with most natural flood regimes. Factors reducing flood flow frequency or magnitude will reduce overall breakdown rates on the floodplain towards those found in drier upland environments.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Southwestern Association of Naturalists","doi":"10.1894/0038-4909(2003)048<0188:EORFRO>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Andersen, D., and Nelson, S.M., 2003, Effects of river flow regime on cottonwood leaf litter dynamics in semi-arid northwestern Colorado: Southwestern Naturalist, v. 48, no. 2, p. 188-201, https://doi.org/10.1894/0038-4909(2003)048<0188:EORFRO>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"188","endPage":"201","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132416,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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 \"}}]}","volume":"48","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a28e4b07f02db611609","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Andersen, D.C.","contributorId":19119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andersen","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nelson, S. M.","contributorId":81853,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nelson","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1015292,"text":"1015292 - 2003 - A nested-intensity design for surveying plant diversity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-30T18:03:12","indexId":"1015292","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1006,"text":"Biodiversity and Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A nested-intensity design for surveying plant diversity","docAbstract":"<p>Managers of natural landscapes need cost-efficient, accurate, and precise systems to inventory plant diversity. We investigated a nested-intensity sampling design to assess local and landscape-scale heterogeneity of plant species richness in aspen stands in southern Colorado, USA. The nested-intensity design used three vegetation sampling techniques: the Modified-Whittaker, a 1000-m<sup>2</sup> multiple-scale plot (<i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">n</i> = 8); a 100-m<sup>2</sup> multiple-scale Intensive plot (<i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">n</i> = 15); and a 100-m<sup>2</sup> single-scale Extensive plot (<i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">n</i> = 28). The large Modified-Whittaker plot (1000 m<sup>2</sup>) recorded greater species richness per plot than the other two sampling techniques (<i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">P</i> &lt; 0.001), estimated cover of a greater number of species in 1-m<sup>2</sup> subplots (<i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">P</i> &lt; 0.018), and captured 32 species missed by the smaller, more numerous 100-m<sup>2</sup> plots of the other designs. The Intensive plots extended the environmental gradient sampled, capturing 17 species missed by the other techniques, and improved species–area calculations. The greater number of Extensive plots further expanded the gradient sampled, and captured 18 additional species. The multi-scale Modified-Whittaker and Intensive designs allowed quantification of the slopes of species–area curves in the single-scale Extensive plots. Multiple linear regressions were able to predict the slope of species–area curves (adj <i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.64, <i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">P</i> &lt; 0.001) at each Extensive plot, allowing comparison of species richness at each sample location. Comparison of species–accumulation curves generated with each technique suggested that small, single-scale plot techniques might be very misleading because they underestimate species richness by missing locally rare species at every site. A combination of large and small multi-scale and single-scale plots greatly improves our understanding of native and exotic plant diversity patterns.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1023/A:1021939010065","usgsCitation":"Barnett, D., and Stohlgren, T., 2003, A nested-intensity design for surveying plant diversity: Biodiversity and Conservation, v. 12, no. 2, p. 255-278, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1021939010065.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"255","endPage":"278","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132536,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ade30","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barnett, D.T.","contributorId":99504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnett","given":"D.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stohlgren, T.J.","contributorId":7217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stohlgren","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":53273,"text":"ofr2003222 - 2003 - Reconnaissance-level application of physical habitat simulation in the evaluation of physical habitat limits in the Animas Basin, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-23T11:17:50","indexId":"ofr2003222","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-222","title":"Reconnaissance-level application of physical habitat simulation in the evaluation of physical habitat limits in the Animas Basin, Colorado","docAbstract":"<p>The Animas River is in southwestern Colorado and flows mostly to the south to join the San Juan River at Farmington, New Mexico (Figure 1). The Upper Animas River watershed is in San Juan County, Colorado and is located in the San Juan Mountains. The lower river is in the Colorado Plateau country. The winters are cold with considerable snowfall and little snowmelt in the mountains in the upper part of the basin. The lower basin has less snow but the winters are still cold. The streamflows during the winter are low and reasonably stable.</p>\n<p>The native trout in the Animas Basin is the cutthroat trout. Few native trout remain and the trout found in the upper watershed are brook trout with rainbow and brown trout in the lower river. There is considerable metal contamination in the upper basin near Silverton but a brook trout fishery does exist in the Animas River from just above Howardsville to where the Animas joins Cement Creek in Silverton.</p>\n<p>There are two principle objectives of the habitat studies in the Animas Basin: (1) to improve understanding of the fate of sediment from mining operations from the view point of physical habitat impacts, and (2) to determine if reconnaissance level physical habitat studies can be useful in understanding the impacts of mining on the aquatic ecosystem.</p>\n<p>Part of the project was to apply the Physical Habitat Simulation System (PHABSIM) to selected locations in the Upper Animas River Basin, Colorado in order to demonstrate the importance of physical habitat in evaluating the efficacy of mined land remediation activities. Physical habitat analysis included the use of sedimentation variables in physical habitat simulations. A map of the Upper Animas Basin is presented in Figure 2.</p>\n<p>The project involves collecting data for the following locations: Animas River above Magee Creek; Animas River above Howardsville; Animas River below Howardsville; Animas River above Silverton at Hillsdale Cemetery; Animas River at Silverton; Cement Creek above Silverton; Cement Creek at Silverton; Mineral Creek at Powerline above Silverton; Mineral Creek at Campground; South Mineral Creek at Overflow Campground; Mineral Creek above Bear Creek; Mineral Creek at Silverton; Animas River below Silverton; and Animas River at Elk Park.</p>\n<p>Bed material samples were collected at each site. These included samples of the armour, the substrate, and sand and fines deposited on the surface. At selected sites the stream morphology was measured. These measurements included one to three cross sections, stream discharge, and water surface elevations. The data are located in the files of the Fort Collins Science Center.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr2003222","usgsCitation":"Milhous, R.T., 2003, Reconnaissance-level application of physical habitat simulation in the evaluation of physical habitat limits in the Animas Basin, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-222, v, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr2003222.","productDescription":"v, 16 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":177987,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr2003222.PNG"},{"id":320296,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0222/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Animas River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -108.21807861328125,\n              36.697053200100335\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.940673828125,\n              36.82247761166621\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.74566650390625,\n              37.2587521486561\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.53692626953125,\n              37.861844098370945\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.611083984375,\n              37.93553306183642\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.82257080078125,\n              37.85750715625203\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.99835205078124,\n              37.54022177661216\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.03131103515625,\n              37.24782120155428\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.0670166015625,\n              37.00035919622158\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.21807861328125,\n              36.697053200100335\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a49e4b07f02db623b5f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Milhous, Robert T.","contributorId":28646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milhous","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":247141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
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