{"pageNumber":"2871","pageRowStart":"71750","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184617,"records":[{"id":70185128,"text":"70185128 - 2003 - Two new organic reference materials for δ13C and δ15N measurements and a new value for the δ13C of NBS 22 oil","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-02T13:25:14","indexId":"70185128","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3233,"text":"Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Two new organic reference materials for δ<sup>13</sup>C and δ<sup>15</sup>N measurements and a new value for the δ<sup>13</sup>C of NBS 22 oil","title":"Two new organic reference materials for δ13C and δ15N measurements and a new value for the δ13C of NBS 22 oil","docAbstract":"<p><span>Analytical grade L-glutamic acid is chemically stable and has a C/N mole ratio of 5, which is close to that of many of natural biological materials, such as blood and animal tissue. Two L-glutamic acid reference materials with substantially different </span><sup>13</sup><span>C and </span><sup>15</sup><span>N abundances have been prepared for use as organic reference materials for C and N isotopic measurements. USGS40 is analytical grade L-glutamic acid and has a </span><i>δ</i><sup>13</sup><span>C value of −26.24‰ relative to VPDB and a </span><i>δ</i><sup>15</sup><span>N value of −4.52‰ relative to N</span><sub>2</sub><span> in air. USGS41 was prepared by dissolving analytical grade L-glutamic acid with L-glutamic acid enriched in </span><sup>13</sup><span>C and </span><sup>15</sup><span>N. USGS41 has a </span><i>δ</i><sup>13</sup><span>C value of +37.76‰ and a </span><i>δ</i><sup>15</sup><span>N value of +47.57‰. The </span><i>δ</i><sup>13</sup><span>C and </span><i>δ</i><sup>15</sup><span>N values of both materials were measured against the international reference materials NBS 19 calcium carbonate (</span><i>δ</i><sup>13</sup><span>C = +1.95‰), L-SVEC lithium carbonate (</span><i>δ</i><sup>13</sup><span>C = −46.48‰), IAEA-N-1 ammonium sulfate (</span><i>δ</i><sup>15</sup><span>N = 0.43‰), and USGS32 potassium nitrate (</span><i>δ</i><sup>15</sup><span>N = 180‰) by on-line combustion continuous-flow and off-line dual-inlet isotope-ratio mass spectrometry. Both USGS40 and USGS41 are isotopically homogeneous; reproducibility of </span><i>δ</i><sup>13</sup><span>C is better than 0.13‰, and that of </span><i>δ</i><sup>15</sup><span>N is better than 0.13‰ in 100-μg amounts. These two isotopic reference materials can be used for (i) calibrating local laboratory reference materials, and (ii) quantifying drift with time, mass-dependent fractionations, and isotope-ratio-scale contraction in the isotopic analysis of various biological materials. Isotopic results presented in this paper yield a </span><i>δ</i><sup>13</sup><span>C value for NBS 22 oil of −29.91‰, in contrast to the commonly accepted value of −29.78‰ for which off-line blank corrections probably have not been quantified satisfactorily.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/rcm.1219","usgsCitation":"Qi, H., Coplen, T.B., Geilmann, H., Brand, W.A., and Böhlke, J., 2003, Two new organic reference materials for δ13C and δ15N measurements and a new value for the δ13C of NBS 22 oil: Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, v. 17, no. 22, p. 2483-2487, https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.1219.","productDescription":"5 p. ","startPage":"2483","endPage":"2487","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337601,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"22","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-10-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ca52d2e4b0849ce97c86dc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Qi, Haiping 0000-0002-8339-744X haipingq@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8339-744X","contributorId":507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Qi","given":"Haiping","email":"haipingq@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":684449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coplen, Tyler B. 0000-0003-4884-6008 tbcoplen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4884-6008","contributorId":508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coplen","given":"Tyler","email":"tbcoplen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":684450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Geilmann, Heike","contributorId":41303,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Geilmann","given":"Heike","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13365,"text":"Max-Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":684451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brand, Willi A.","contributorId":33091,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brand","given":"Willi","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":13365,"text":"Max-Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":684452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Böhlke, J.K. 0000-0001-5693-6455","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":96696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Böhlke","given":"J.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70025282,"text":"70025282 - 2003 - Direct assessment of groundwater vulnerability from single observations of multiple contaminants","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-16T09:44:44","indexId":"70025282","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Direct assessment of groundwater vulnerability from single observations of multiple contaminants","docAbstract":"<p><span>Groundwater vulnerability is a central concept in pollution risk assessment, yet its estimation has been largely a matter of expert judgment. This work applies a method for the direct calculation of vulnerability from monitoring well observations of pesticide concentrations. The method has two major advantages: it is independent of the compounds being examined, and it has a direct probabilistic interpretation making it ideal for risk assessment. The methodology was applied to data from a groundwater monitoring program in the midwestern United States. The distribution of the vulnerabilities was skewed toward zero. Spatial distribution of the vulnerabilities shows them to be controlled by both regional and local factors. Methods are presented for estimating the necessary sample sizes for vulnerability studies. The further application of the approach developed in this study to understanding groundwater pollution is discussed.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2002WR001212","usgsCitation":"Worrall, F., and Kolpin, D.W., 2003, Direct assessment of groundwater vulnerability from single observations of multiple contaminants: Water Resources Research, v. 39, no. 12, p. 2-1-2-8, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002WR001212.","productDescription":"Article 1345; 8 p.","startPage":"2-1","endPage":"2-8","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478529,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://durham-repository.worktribe.com/output/1627223","text":"Publisher Index 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Fred","contributorId":189396,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Worrall","given":"Fred","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kolpin, Dana W. 0000-0002-3529-6505 dwkolpin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3529-6505","contributorId":1239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolpin","given":"Dana","email":"dwkolpin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":404603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70026355,"text":"70026355 - 2003 - Characterization of lake water and ground water movement in the littoral zone of Williams Lake, a closed-basin lake in North central Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-19T09:21:07","indexId":"70026355","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characterization of lake water and ground water movement in the littoral zone of Williams Lake, a closed-basin lake in North central Minnesota","docAbstract":"<p><span>Williams Lake, Minnesota is a closed‐basin lake that is a flow‐through system with respect to ground water. Ground‐water input represents half of the annual water input and most of the chemical input to the lake. Chemical budgets indicate that the lake is a sink for calcium, yet surficial sediments contain little calcium carbonate. Sediment pore‐water samplers (peepers) were used to characterize solute fluxes at the lake‐water–ground‐water interface in the littoral zone and resolve the apparent disparity between the chemical budget and sediment data. Pore‐water depth profiles of the stable isotopes δ</span><sup>18</sup><span>O and δ</span><sup>2</sup><span>H were non‐linear where ground water seeped into the lake, with a sharp transition from lake‐water values to ground‐water values in the top 10 cm of sediment. These data indicate that advective inflow to the lake is the primary mechanism for solute flux from ground water. Linear interstitial velocities determined from δ</span><sup>2</sup><span>H profiles (316 to 528 cm/yr) were consistent with velocities determined independently from water budget data and sediment porosity (366 cm/yr). Stable isotope profiles were generally linear where water flowed out of the lake into ground water. However, calcium profiles were not linear in the same area and varied in response to input of calcium carbonate from the littoral zone and subsequent dissolution. The comparison of pore‐water calcium profiles to pore‐water stable isotope profiles indicate calcium is not conservative. Based on the previous understanding that 40–50 % of the calcium in Williams Lake is retained, the pore‐water profiles indicate aquatic plants in the littoral zone are recycling the retained portion of calcium. The difference between the pore‐water depth profiles of calcium and δ</span><sup>18</sup><span>O and δ</span><sup>2</sup><span>H demonstrate the importance of using stable isotopes to evaluate flow direction and source through the lake‐water–ground‐water interface and evaluate mechanisms controlling the chemical balance of lakes.&nbsp;</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/hyp.1211","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Schuster, P., Reddy, M., LaBaugh, J.W., Parkhurst, R., Rosenberry, D., Winter, T.C., Antweiler, R.C., and Dean, W., 2003, Characterization of lake water and ground water movement in the littoral zone of Williams Lake, a closed-basin lake in North central Minnesota: Hydrological Processes, v. 17, no. 4, p. 823-838, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.1211.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"823","endPage":"838","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234080,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208368,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.1211"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Williams Lake ","volume":"17","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-01-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f4cde4b0c8380cd4bf1a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schuster, P. F.","contributorId":30197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schuster","given":"P. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reddy, M.M.","contributorId":24363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reddy","given":"M.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"LaBaugh, J. W.","contributorId":23484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaBaugh","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Parkhurst, R.S.","contributorId":73625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parkhurst","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rosenberry, D.O. 0000-0003-0681-5641","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0681-5641","contributorId":38500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenberry","given":"D.O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":409145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Winter, T. C.","contributorId":23485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winter","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Antweiler, Ronald C. 0000-0001-5652-6034 antweil@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5652-6034","contributorId":1481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Antweiler","given":"Ronald","email":"antweil@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":409146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Dean, W.E.","contributorId":97099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dean","given":"W.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70026347,"text":"70026347 - 2003 - A comprehensive approach to monitoring volcano deformation as a window on the eruption cycle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-22T19:02:18.707061","indexId":"70026347","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3283,"text":"Reviews of Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A comprehensive approach to monitoring volcano deformation as a window on the eruption cycle","docAbstract":"<p><span>Since the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens, volcanologists have made considerable progress toward predicting eruptions on the basis of precursors that typically start a few days to several months in advance. Although accurate eruption prediction is by no means routine, it may now be possible in some cases to extend the effective warning period by anticipating the onset of short-term precursors. Three promising indicators of deep magmatic processes are (1) deep, long-period earthquakes and tremor that indicate the ascent of magma through the crust, (2) magmatic CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;emission rate as a proxy for magma supply rate, and (3) relatively broad, generally aseismic surface uplift caused by magmatic intrusions. In the latter case it is essential to sample the deformation field thoroughly in both time and space to adequately constrain source models. Until recently, this has been nearly impossible because high-precision sensors could not be deployed in sufficient numbers, nor could extensive geodetic surveys be conducted often enough. Advances in instrumentation, interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR), and telecommunications are helping to overcome these limitations. As a result, comprehensive geodetic monitoring of selected volcanoes is now feasible. A combination of InSAR, large-aperture GPS surveys, microgravity surveys, and dense arrays of continuous GPS stations, strain meters, and tiltmeters can reveal both spatial and temporal patterns of ground deformation throughout the eruption cycle. Improved geodetic monitoring of many of the world's volcanoes would be a major stride toward better understanding of magmatic processes and longer-term eruption forecasts.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2001RG000107","issn":"87551209","usgsCitation":"Dzurisin, D., 2003, A comprehensive approach to monitoring volcano deformation as a window on the eruption cycle: Reviews of Geophysics, v. 41, no. 1, p. 1-1, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001RG000107.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"1","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":388329,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United  States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Mt. St. Helens","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.2723388671875,\n              46.13987966342405\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.10067749023438,\n              46.13987966342405\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.10067749023438,\n              46.21310053621607\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.2723388671875,\n              46.21310053621607\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.2723388671875,\n              46.13987966342405\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"41","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-02-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e383e4b0c8380cd4609a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dzurisin, D.","contributorId":76067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dzurisin","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70025949,"text":"70025949 - 2003 - Seismic evidence for widespread serpentinized forearc upper mantle along the Cascadia margin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:33","indexId":"70025949","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seismic evidence for widespread serpentinized forearc upper mantle along the Cascadia margin","docAbstract":"Petrologic models suggest that dehydration and metamorphism of subducting slabs release water that serpentinizes the overlying forearc mantle. To test these models, we use the results of controlled-source seismic surveys and earthquake tomography to map the upper mantle along the Cascadia margin forearc. We find anomalously low upper-mantle velocities and/or weak wide-angle reflections from the top of the upper mantle in a narrow region along the margin, compatible with recent teleseismic studies and indicative of a serpentinized upper mantle. The existence of a hydrated forearc upper-mantle wedge in Cascadia has important geological and geophysical implications. For example, shearing within the upper mantle, inferred from seismic reflectivity and consistent with its serpentinite rheology, may occur during aseismic slow slip events on the megathrust. In addition, progressive dehydration of the hydrated mantle wedge south of the Mendocino triple junction may enhance the effects of a slap gap during the evolution of the California margin.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(2003)031<0267:SEFWSF>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Brocher, T., Parsons, T., Trehu, A., Snelson, C., and Fisher, M.A., 2003, Seismic evidence for widespread serpentinized forearc upper mantle along the Cascadia margin: Geology, v. 31, no. 3, p. 267-270, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(2003)031<0267:SEFWSF>2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"267","endPage":"270","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208876,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(2003)031<0267:SEFWSF>2.0.CO;2"},{"id":234946,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8b10e4b08c986b31756d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brocher, T.M. 0000-0002-9740-839X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9740-839X","contributorId":69994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brocher","given":"T.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Parsons, T.","contributorId":48288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parsons","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Trehu, A.M.","contributorId":90754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trehu","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Snelson, C.M.","contributorId":52769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snelson","given":"C.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fisher, M. A.","contributorId":69972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70025014,"text":"70025014 - 2003 - Meter-scale slopes of candidate MER landing sites from point photoclinometry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-12T08:32:58","indexId":"70025014","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2317,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Meter-scale slopes of candidate MER landing sites from point photoclinometry","docAbstract":"<p>Photoclinometry was used to analyze the small-scale roughness of areas that fall within the proposed Mars Exploration Rover (MER) 2003 landing ellipses. The landing ellipses presented in this study were those in Athabasca Valles, Elysium Planitia, Eos Chasma, Gusev Crater, Isidis Planitia, Melas Chasma, and Meridiani Planum. We were able to constrain surface slopes on length scales comparable to the image resolution (1.5 to 12 m/pixel). The MER 2003 mission has various engineering constraints that each candidate landing ellipse must satisfy. These constraints indicate that the statistical slope values at 5 m baselines are an important criterion. We used our technique to constrain maximum surface slopes across large swaths of each image, and built up slope statistics for the images in each landing ellipse. We are confident that all MER 2003 landing site ellipses in this study, with the exception of the Melas Chasma ellipse, are within the small-scale roughness constraints. Our results have provided input into the landing hazard assessment process. In addition to evaluating the safety of the landing sites, our mapping of small-scale roughnesses can also be used to better define and map morphologic units. The morphology of a surface is characterized by the slope distribution and magnitude of slopes. In looking at how slopes are distributed, we can better define landforms and determine the boundaries of morphologic units.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/2003JE002120","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Beyer, R.A., McEwen, A.S., and Kirk, R.L., 2003, Meter-scale slopes of candidate MER landing sites from point photoclinometry: Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets, v. 108, no. E12, 31 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JE002120.","productDescription":"31 p.","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478416,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.372.4634","text":"External Repository"},{"id":233187,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Athabasca Valles; Elysium Planitia; Eos Chasma; Gusev Crater; Isidis Planitia; Mars; Melas Chasma; Meridiani Planum","volume":"108","issue":"E12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-12-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5520e4b0c8380cd6d12c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beyer, Ross A.","contributorId":204235,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Beyer","given":"Ross","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":36890,"text":"Sagan Center at the SETI Institute and NASA Ames Research Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":403452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McEwen, Alfred S.","contributorId":61657,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McEwen","given":"Alfred","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":403451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kirk, Randolph L. 0000-0003-0842-9226 rkirk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0842-9226","contributorId":2765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirk","given":"Randolph","email":"rkirk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":403453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70025529,"text":"70025529 - 2003 - Detection of avian malaria (Plasmodium spp.) in native land birds of American Samoa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:26","indexId":"70025529","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1324,"text":"Conservation Genetics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Detection of avian malaria (Plasmodium spp.) in native land birds of American Samoa","docAbstract":"This study documents the presence of Plasmodium spp. in landbirds of central Polynesia. Blood samples collected from eight native and introduced species from the island of Tutuila, American Samoa were evaluated for the presence of Plasmodium spp. by nested rDNA PCR, serology and/or microscopy. A total of 111/188 birds (59%) screened by nested PCR were positive. Detection of Plasmodium spp. was verified by nucleotide sequence comparisons of partial 18S ribosomal RNA and TRAP (thrombospondin-related anonymous protein) genes using phylogenetic analyses. All samples screened by immunoblot to detect antibodies that cross-react with Hawaiian isolates of Plasmodium relictum (153) were negative. Lack of cross-reactivity is probably due to antigenic differences between the Hawaiian and Samoan Plasmodium isolates. Similarly, all samples examined by microscopy (214) were negative. The fact that malaria is present, but not detectable by blood smear evaluation is consistent with low peripheral parasitemia characteristic of chronic infections. High prevalence of apparently chronic infections, the relative stability of the native land bird communities, and the presence of mosquito vectors which are considered endemic and capable of transmitting avian Plasmodia, suggest that these parasites are indigenous to Samoa and have a long coevolutionary history with their hosts.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Conservation Genetics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1023/A:1025626529806","issn":"15660621","usgsCitation":"Jarvi, S., Farias, M., Baker, H., Freifeld, H., Baker, P., Van Gelder, E., Massey, J., and Atkinson, C., 2003, Detection of avian malaria (Plasmodium spp.) in native land birds of American Samoa: Conservation Genetics, v. 4, no. 5, p. 629-637, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1025626529806.","startPage":"629","endPage":"637","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209380,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1025626529806"},{"id":235753,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ff6fe4b0c8380cd4f1b1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jarvi, S.I.","contributorId":60341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jarvi","given":"S.I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Farias, M.E.M.","contributorId":68439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farias","given":"M.E.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baker, H.","contributorId":73470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baker","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Freifeld, H.B.","contributorId":25044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freifeld","given":"H.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Baker, P.E.","contributorId":96450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baker","given":"P.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Van Gelder, E.","contributorId":94556,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Gelder","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Massey, J.G.","contributorId":33690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Massey","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Atkinson, C. T.","contributorId":29349,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Atkinson","given":"C. T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70044781,"text":"70044781 - 2003 - Mineral resource of the month: platinum-group metals","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-07T13:12:05","indexId":"70044781","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1829,"text":"Geotimes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mineral resource of the month: platinum-group metals","docAbstract":"The precious metals commonly referred to as platinum-group metals (PGM) include iridium, osmium, palladium, platinum, rhodium and ruthenium. PGM are among the rarest of elements, and their market values — particularly for palladium, platinum and rhodium — are the highest of all precious metals.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geotimes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geosciences Institute","publisherLocation":"Alexandria, VA","usgsCitation":"Hilliard, H., 2003, Mineral resource of the month: platinum-group metals: Geotimes, v. 2003, no. September, HTML Document.","productDescription":"HTML Document","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-021529","costCenters":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270419,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":270418,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.geotimes.org/sept03/resources.html"}],"volume":"2003","issue":"September","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"515aac65e4b0105540728a45","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hilliard, Henry","contributorId":89779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hilliard","given":"Henry","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70025663,"text":"70025663 - 2003 - New osmium isotope evidence for intracrustal recycling of crustal domains with discrete ages","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:35","indexId":"70025663","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"New osmium isotope evidence for intracrustal recycling of crustal domains with discrete ages","docAbstract":"New 187Os/188Os ratios of Quaternary Mount Adams volcanic rocks from the Cascade arc in southern Washington vary by >300% (187Os/188Os = 0.165-0.564) and fall into high (>0.319) and low (0.166 to 0.281) groups of 187Os/188Os ratios that are substantially more radiogenic than mantle values. These Os isotope compositions and groupings are interpreted to reflect recycling of discrete intracrustal domains with high 187Os/188Os ratios but differing ages, thus recording the process of crustal hybridization and homogenization. Os isotope compositions provide new constraints on amounts of intracrustal recycling in young subduction-zone environments that reflect the magmatic history of the arc. Sr, Nd, Hf, and Pb isotope variations in this young, mafic are complex are too small to allow such constraints.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(2003)031<0427:NOIEFI>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Hart, G., Johnson, C., Hildreth, W., and Shirey, S., 2003, New osmium isotope evidence for intracrustal recycling of crustal domains with discrete ages: Geology, v. 31, no. 5, p. 427-430, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(2003)031<0427:NOIEFI>2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"427","endPage":"430","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208947,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(2003)031<0427:NOIEFI>2.0.CO;2"},{"id":235070,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a65f7e4b0c8380cd72cba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hart, G.L.","contributorId":107505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"G.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, C.M.","contributorId":78707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hildreth, W. 0000-0002-7925-4251","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7925-4251","contributorId":100487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hildreth","given":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shirey, S.B.","contributorId":69712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shirey","given":"S.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70044830,"text":"70044830 - 2003 - Mineral resource of the month: silicon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-07T13:23:18","indexId":"70044830","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1829,"text":"Geotimes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mineral resource of the month: silicon","docAbstract":"In the industrialized world, silicon is as ubiquitous in the objects people use every day as it is in nature. The second most abundant element in Earth’s crust and more than 25 percent of the crust by weight, silicon is one of the most useful elements to humans.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geotimes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geosciences Institute","publisherLocation":"Alexandria, VA","usgsCitation":"Corathers, L.A., 2003, Mineral resource of the month: silicon: Geotimes, v. 2003, no. November.","ipdsId":"IP-022985","costCenters":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270496,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":270495,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.geotimes.org/nov03/resources.html"}],"volume":"2003","issue":"November","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"515bfdf4e4b075500ee5ca6f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Corathers, Lisa A. lcorathers@usgs.gov","contributorId":3213,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Corathers","given":"Lisa","email":"lcorathers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":476384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70024981,"text":"70024981 - 2003 - The influence of water depth and flow regime on phytoplankton biomass and community structure in a shallow, lowland river","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:09","indexId":"70024981","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"The influence of water depth and flow regime on phytoplankton biomass and community structure in a shallow, lowland river","docAbstract":"The taxonomic composition and biomass of phytoplankton in the San Joaquin River, California, were examined in relation to water depth, flow regime, and water chemistry. Without substantial tributary inflow, maintenance demands exceeded algal production during summer and autumn in this eutrophic, 'lowland type' river due to light-limiting conditions for algal growth. Streamflow from tributaries that drain the Sierra Nevada contributed to a substantial net gain in algal production during the spring and summer by increasing water transparency and the extent of turbulence. Abundances of the major taxa (centric diatoms, pennate diatoms and chlorophytes) indicated differing responses to the longitudinal variation in water depth and flow regime, with the areal extent of pools and other geomorphic features that influence time-for-development being a major contributing factor to the selection of species. Tychoplanktonic species were most abundant upstream and in tributaries that drain the San Joaquin Valley. Seasonally-varying factors such as water temperature that influence algal growth rates also contributed significantly to the selection of species. Nutrient limitation appears not to be a primary constraint on species selection in the phytoplankton of this river.","largerWorkTitle":"Hydrobiologia","language":"English","doi":"10.1023/B:HYDR.0000008596.00382.56","issn":"00188158","usgsCitation":"Leland, H., 2003, The influence of water depth and flow regime on phytoplankton biomass and community structure in a shallow, lowland river, <i>in</i> Hydrobiologia, v. 506-509, p. 247-255, https://doi.org/10.1023/B:HYDR.0000008596.00382.56.","startPage":"247","endPage":"255","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207967,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:HYDR.0000008596.00382.56"},{"id":233293,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"506-509","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bad40e4b08c986b323ab3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leland, H.V.","contributorId":82455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leland","given":"H.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70025274,"text":"70025274 - 2003 - Estimating debris-flow probability using fan stratigraphy, historic records, and drainage-basin morphology, Interstate 70 highway corridor, central Colorado, U.S.A","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:58","indexId":"70025274","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Estimating debris-flow probability using fan stratigraphy, historic records, and drainage-basin morphology, Interstate 70 highway corridor, central Colorado, U.S.A","docAbstract":"We have used stratigraphic and historic records of debris-flows to estimate mean recurrence intervals of past debris-flow events on 19 fans along the Interstate 70 highway corridor in the Front Range of Colorado. Estimated mean recurrence intervals were used in the Poisson probability model to estimate the probability of future debris-flow events on the fans. Mean recurrence intervals range from 7 to about 2900 years. Annual probabilities range from less than 0.1% to about 13%. A regression analysis of mean recurrence interval data and drainage-basin morphometry yields a regression model that may be suitable to estimate mean recurrence intervals on fans with no stratigraphic or historic records. Additional work is needed to verify this model. ?? 2003 Millpress.","largerWorkTitle":"International Conference on Debris-Flow Hazards Mitigation: Mechanics, Prediction, and Assessment, Proceedings","conferenceTitle":"3rd International Conference on Debris-Flow Hazards Mitigation: Mechanics, Prediction, and Assessment","conferenceDate":"10 September 2003 through 12 September 2003","conferenceLocation":"Davos","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Coe, J.A., Godt, J., Parise, M., and Moscariello, A., 2003, Estimating debris-flow probability using fan stratigraphy, historic records, and drainage-basin morphology, Interstate 70 highway corridor, central Colorado, U.S.A, <i>in</i> International Conference on Debris-Flow Hazards Mitigation: Mechanics, Prediction, and Assessment, Proceedings, v. 2, Davos, 10 September 2003 through 12 September 2003, p. 1085-1096.","startPage":"1085","endPage":"1096","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235996,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0b14e4b0c8380cd52564","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Rickenmann D.Chen C.L.","contributorId":128322,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Rickenmann D.Chen C.L.","id":536551,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Coe, J. A.","contributorId":8867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coe","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Godt, J. W.","contributorId":76732,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Godt","given":"J. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Parise, M.","contributorId":82486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parise","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Moscariello, A.","contributorId":29137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moscariello","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70024978,"text":"70024978 - 2003 - Jovian dust streams: A monitor of Io's volcanic plume activity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-06T21:17:30.658148","indexId":"70024978","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Jovian dust streams: A monitor of Io's volcanic plume activity","docAbstract":"<p><span>Streams of high speed dust particles originate from Jupiter's moon Io. After release from Io, the particles collect electric charges in the Io plasma torus, gain energy from the co-rotating electric field of Jupiter's magnetosphere, and leave the Jovian system into interplanetary space with escape speeds over 200 km s</span><sup>−1</sup><span>. The Galileo spacecraft has continuously monitored the dust streams during 34 revolutions about Jupiter between 1996 and 2002. The observed dust fluxes exhibit large orbit-to-orbit variability due to systematic and stochastic changes. After removal of the systematic variations, the total dust emission rate of Io has been calculated. It varies between 10</span><sup>−3</sup><span>&nbsp;and 10 kg s</span><sup>−1</sup><span>, and is typically in the range of 0.1 to 1 kg s</span><sup>−1</sup><span>. We compare the dust emission rate with other markers of volcanic activity on Io like large-area surface changes caused by volcanic deposits and sightings of volcanic plumes.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2003GL017827","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Kruger, H., Geissler, P., Horanyi, M., Graps, A., Kempf, S., Srama, R., Moragas-Klostermeyer, G., Moissl, R., Johnson, T.V., and Grun, E., 2003, Jovian dust streams: A monitor of Io's volcanic plume activity: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 30, no. 21, 2101, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2003GL017827.","productDescription":"2101, 4 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":489886,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0309024","text":"External Repository"},{"id":387719,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Io, Jupiter","volume":"30","issue":"21","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-11-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4026e4b0c8380cd64b1a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kruger, H.","contributorId":26202,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kruger","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Geissler, P.","contributorId":45662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geissler","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Horanyi, M.","contributorId":83408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horanyi","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Graps, A.L.","contributorId":29280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graps","given":"A.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kempf, S.","contributorId":15874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kempf","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Srama, R.","contributorId":65350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Srama","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Moragas-Klostermeyer, G.","contributorId":81770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moragas-Klostermeyer","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Moissl, R.","contributorId":89030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moissl","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Johnson, T. V.","contributorId":79619,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Grun, E.","contributorId":97785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grun","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70025275,"text":"70025275 - 2003 - Improving ground-penetrating radar data in sedimentary rocks using deterministic deconvolution","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:58","indexId":"70025275","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2165,"text":"Journal of Applied Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Improving ground-penetrating radar data in sedimentary rocks using deterministic deconvolution","docAbstract":"Resolution is key to confidently identifying unique geologic features using ground-penetrating radar (GPR) data. Source wavelet \"ringing\" (related to bandwidth) in a GPR section limits resolution because of wavelet interference, and can smear reflections in time and/or space. The resultant potential for misinterpretation limits the usefulness of GPR. Deconvolution offers the ability to compress the source wavelet and improve temporal resolution. Unlike statistical deconvolution, deterministic deconvolution is mathematically simple and stable while providing the highest possible resolution because it uses the source wavelet unique to the specific radar equipment. Source wavelets generated in, transmitted through and acquired from air allow successful application of deterministic approaches to wavelet suppression. We demonstrate the validity of using a source wavelet acquired in air as the operator for deterministic deconvolution in a field application using \"400-MHz\" antennas at a quarry site characterized by interbedded carbonates with shale partings. We collected GPR data on a bench adjacent to cleanly exposed quarry faces in which we placed conductive rods to provide conclusive groundtruth for this approach to deconvolution. The best deconvolution results, which are confirmed by the conductive rods for the 400-MHz antenna tests, were observed for wavelets acquired when the transmitter and receiver were separated by 0.3 m. Applying deterministic deconvolution to GPR data collected in sedimentary strata at our study site resulted in an improvement in resolution (50%) and improved spatial location (0.10-0.15 m) of geologic features compared to the same data processed without deterministic deconvolution. The effectiveness of deterministic deconvolution for increased resolution and spatial accuracy of specific geologic features is further demonstrated by comparing results of deconvolved data with nondeconvolved data acquired along a 30-m transect immediately adjacent to a fresh quarry face. The results at this site support using deterministic deconvolution, which incorporates the GPR instrument's unique source wavelet, as a standard part of routine GPR data processing. ?? 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Applied Geophysics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0926-9851(03)00045-4","issn":"09269851","usgsCitation":"Xia, J., Franseen, E.K., Miller, R., Weis, T., and Byrnes, A., 2003, Improving ground-penetrating radar data in sedimentary rocks using deterministic deconvolution: Journal of Applied Geophysics, v. 54, no. 1-2, p. 15-33, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0926-9851(03)00045-4.","startPage":"15","endPage":"33","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209503,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0926-9851(03)00045-4"},{"id":236033,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"54","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3975e4b0c8380cd6191d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Xia, J.","contributorId":63513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xia","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Franseen, E. K.","contributorId":30367,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Franseen","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, R. D.","contributorId":92693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"R. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Weis, T.V.","contributorId":9432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weis","given":"T.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Byrnes, A.P.","contributorId":76057,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Byrnes","given":"A.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70024971,"text":"70024971 - 2003 - Visible/near-infrared spectra of experimentally shocked plagioclase feldspars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:09","indexId":"70024971","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2317,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Visible/near-infrared spectra of experimentally shocked plagioclase feldspars","docAbstract":"High shock pressures cause structural changes in plagioclase feldspars such as mechanical fracturing and disaggregation of the crystal lattice at submicron scales, the formation of diaplectic glass (maskelynite), and genuine melting. Past studies of visible/ near-infrared spectra of shocked feldspars demonstrated few spectral variations with pressure except for a decrease in the depth of the absorption feature near 1250-1300 nm and an overall decrease in reflectance. New visible/near-infrared spectra (400-2500 nm) of experimentally shocked (17-56 GPa) albite- and anorthite-rich rock powders demonstrate similar trends, including the loss of minor hydrated mineral bands near 1410, 1930, 2250, and 2350 nm. However, the most interesting new observations are increases in reflectance at intermediate pressures, followed by subsequent decreases in reflectance at higher pressures. The amount of internal scattering and overall sample reflectance is controlled by the relative proportions of micro-fractures, submicron grains, diaplectic glass, and melts formed during shock metamorphism. We interpret the observed reflectance increases at intermediate pressures to result from progressively larger proportions of submicron feldspar grains and diaplectic glass. The ensuing decreases in reflectance occur after diaplectic glass formation is complete and the proportion of genuine melt inclusions increases. The pressure regimes over which these reflectance variations occur differ between albite and anorthite, consistent with thermal infrared spectra of these samples and previous studies of shocked feldspars. These types of spectral variations associated with different peak shock pressures should be considered during interpretation and modeling of visible/near-infrared remotely sensed spectra of planetary and asteroidal surfaces.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Johnson, J.R., and Horz, F., 2003, Visible/near-infrared spectra of experimentally shocked plagioclase feldspars: Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets, v. 108, no. 11, p. 6-1.","startPage":"6","endPage":"1","numberOfPages":"-4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233151,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"108","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc28be4b08c986b32abe8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, J. R.","contributorId":69278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Horz, F.","contributorId":104247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horz","given":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70025277,"text":"70025277 - 2003 - Interactions of bullfrog tadpole predators and an insecticide: Predation release and facilitation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:58","indexId":"70025277","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2932,"text":"Oecologia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interactions of bullfrog tadpole predators and an insecticide: Predation release and facilitation","docAbstract":"The effect of a contaminant on a community may not be easily predicted, given that complex changes in food resources and predator-prey dynamics may result. The objectives of our study were to determine the interactive effects of the insecticide carbaryl and predators on body size, development, survival, and activity of tadpoles of the bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana). We conducted the study in cattle tank mesocosm ponds exposed to 0, 3.5, or 7.0 mg/l carbaryl, and no predators or two red-spotted newts (Notophthalmus viridescens), bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus), or crayfish (Orconectes sp.). Carbaryl negatively affected predator survival by eliminating crayfish from all ponds, and by eliminating bluegill sunfish from ponds exposed to the highest concentration of carbaryl; carbaryl exposure did not effect survival of red-spotted newts. Because crayfish were eliminated by carbaryl, bullfrogs were released from predation and survival was near that of predator controls at low concentrations of carbaryl exposure. High concentrations of carbaryl reduced tadpole survival regardless of whether predators survived carbaryl exposure or not. Presence of crayfish and newts reduced tadpole survival, while bluegill sunfish appeared to facilitate bullfrog tadpole survival. Presence of carbaryl stimulated bullfrog tadpole mass and development. Our study demonstrates that the presence of a contaminant stress can alter community regulation by releasing prey from predators that are vulnerable to contaminants in some exposure scenarios.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Oecologia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00442-003-1394-1","issn":"00298549","usgsCitation":"Boone, M., and Semlitsch, R.D., 2003, Interactions of bullfrog tadpole predators and an insecticide: Predation release and facilitation: Oecologia, v. 137, no. 4, p. 610-616, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-003-1394-1.","startPage":"610","endPage":"616","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209519,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00442-003-1394-1"},{"id":236067,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"137","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3ccae4b0c8380cd6304f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boone, M.D.","contributorId":31157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boone","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Semlitsch, R. D.","contributorId":22522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Semlitsch","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70025280,"text":"70025280 - 2003 - Status of Alabama shad and skipjack herring in Gulf of Mexico drainages","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:58","indexId":"70025280","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":718,"text":"American Fisheries Society Symposium","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Status of Alabama shad and skipjack herring in Gulf of Mexico drainages","docAbstract":"Gulf of Mexico drainages are inhabited by two alosine species, the anadromous Alabama shad Alosa alabamae and the skipjack herring A. chrysochloris. Although their distributions are reasonably well documented, the life history and ecology of both species has been incompletely investigated. Infrequent literature references suggest populations of both species have been adversely affected by river management activities throughout parts of their ranges. This purpose of this paper is to summarize available information concerning past and present distributions, population characteristics, spawning and fecundity, age and growth, and population trends of both species as well as threats to the species. Areas of research are suggested to maintain and possibly recover existing populations. ?? 2003 by the American Fisheries Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Fisheries Society Symposium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"08922284","usgsCitation":"Mettee, M., and O’Neil, P.E., 2003, Status of Alabama shad and skipjack herring in Gulf of Mexico drainages: American Fisheries Society Symposium, v. 2003, no. 35, p. 157-170.","startPage":"157","endPage":"170","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236070,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2003","issue":"35","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b97a0e4b08c986b31bb91","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mettee, M.F.","contributorId":80059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mettee","given":"M.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O’Neil, P. E.","contributorId":70579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Neil","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70025283,"text":"70025283 - 2003 - Microparasite assemblages of conspecific shrew populations in Southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:58","indexId":"70025283","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2414,"text":"Journal of Parasitology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Microparasite assemblages of conspecific shrew populations in Southern California","docAbstract":"The microparasite component communities of 2 species of shrews, Notiosorex crawfordi and Sorex ornatus, were investigated for the first time in 2 isolated and 3 continuous landscapes in southern California. With microscopical examination, a total of 6 parasite species was found in N. crawfordi and 8 species in S. ornatus. The highest number (5) of parasite species was detected in the lungs. The corrected estimate of parasite species richness did not significantly correlate with the host abundance in either shrew species. Altitude, and also latitude in N. crawfordi, appeared to be significantly positively associated with the parasite species richness, but this could be due to a false association because of the rare occurrence of some of the parasites or the small altitude range (or both). No other landscape variable analyzed (location, size of the study site, disturbance) was significantly associated with the parasite species richness of the shrews. The parasite assemblages of the 2 shrew species were similar despite the fact that N. crawfordi has a lower metabolic rate than S. ornatus.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Parasitology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1645/GE-3180","issn":"00223395","usgsCitation":"Laakkonen, J., Fisher, R., and Case, T.J., 2003, Microparasite assemblages of conspecific shrew populations in Southern California: Journal of Parasitology, v. 89, no. 6, p. 1153-1158, https://doi.org/10.1645/GE-3180.","startPage":"1153","endPage":"1158","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209537,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1645/GE-3180"},{"id":236107,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"89","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5697e4b0c8380cd6d6b0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Laakkonen, J.","contributorId":81450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laakkonen","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fisher, Robert N. 0000-0002-2956-3240","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2956-3240","contributorId":51675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Robert N.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":404604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Case, T. J.","contributorId":77078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Case","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70025291,"text":"70025291 - 2003 - Salton Trough regional deformation estimated from combined trilateration and survey-mode GPS data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-26T16:41:30.65017","indexId":"70025291","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Salton Trough regional deformation estimated from combined trilateration and survey-mode GPS data","docAbstract":"<p><span>The&nbsp;</span>Salton<span>&nbsp;</span>Trough<span>&nbsp;in southeastern California, United States, has one of the highest seismicity and&nbsp;</span>deformation<span>&nbsp;rates in southern California, including 20 earthquakes M 6 or larger since 1892. From 1972 through 1987, the U.S. Geological&nbsp;</span>Survey<span>&nbsp;(USGS) measured a 41-station&nbsp;</span>trilateration<span>&nbsp;network in this region. We remeasured 37 of the USGS baselines using&nbsp;</span>survey<span>-</span>mode<span>&nbsp;Global Positioning System methods from 1995 through 1999. We estimate the&nbsp;</span>Salton<span>&nbsp;</span>Trough<span>&nbsp;</span>deformation<span>&nbsp;field over a nearly 30-year period through&nbsp;</span>combined<span>&nbsp;analysis of baseline length time series from these two datasets. Our primary result is that strain accumulation has been steady over our observation span, at a resolution of about 0.05 μstrain/yr at 95% confidence, with no evidence for significant long-term strain transients despite the occurrence of seven large&nbsp;</span>regional<span>&nbsp;earthquakes during our observation period. Similar to earlier studies, we find that the&nbsp;</span>regional<span>&nbsp;strain field is consistent with 0.5 ± 0.03 μstrain/yr total engineering shear strain along an axis oriented 311.6° ± 23° east of north, approximately parallel to the strike of the major&nbsp;</span>regional<span>&nbsp;faults, the San Andreas and San Jacinto (all uncertainties in the text and tables are standard deviations unless otherwise noted). We also find that (1) the shear strain rate near the San Jacinto fault is at least as high as it is near the San Andreas fault, (2) the areal dilatation near the southeastern&nbsp;</span>Salton<span>&nbsp;Sea is significant, and (3) one station near the southeastern&nbsp;</span>Salton<span>&nbsp;Sea moved anomalously during the period 1987.95-1995.11.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120030014","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Anderson, G., Agnew, D., and Johnson, H., 2003, Salton Trough regional deformation estimated from combined trilateration and survey-mode GPS data: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 93, no. 6, p. 2402-2414, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120030014.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"2402","endPage":"2414","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":387425,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United  States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"southeast California","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -117.72949218749999,\n              32.58384932565662\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.345703125,\n              32.58384932565662\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.345703125,\n              37.37015718405753\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.72949218749999,\n              37.37015718405753\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.72949218749999,\n              32.58384932565662\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"93","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ab03ae4b0c8380cd879cf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, G.","contributorId":26490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Agnew, D.C.","contributorId":32186,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Agnew","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, H.O.","contributorId":13796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"H.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70025296,"text":"70025296 - 2003 - New signatures of underground nuclear tests revealed by satellite radar interferometry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-09-06T13:11:30","indexId":"70025296","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"New signatures of underground nuclear tests revealed by satellite radar interferometry","docAbstract":"New observations of surface displacement caused by past underground nuclear tests at the Nevada Test Site (NTS) are presented using interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR). The InSAR data reveal both coseismic and postseismic subsidence signals that extend one kilometer or more across regardless of whether or not a surface crater was formed from each test. While surface craters and other coseismic surface effects (ground cracks, etc.) may be detectable using high resolution optical or other remote sensing techniques, these broader, more subtle subsidence signals (one to several centimeters distributed over an area 1-2 kilometers across) are not detectable using other methods [Barker et al., 1998]. A time series of interferograms reveal that the postseismic signals develop and persist for months to years after the tests and that different rates and styles of deformation occur depending on the geologic and hydrologic setting and conditions of the local test area.","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2003GL018179","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Vincent, P., Larsen, S., Galloway, D., Laczniak, R.J., Walter, W., Foxall, W., and Zucca, J., 2003, New signatures of underground nuclear tests revealed by satellite radar interferometry: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 30, no. 22, p. 1-5, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003GL018179.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"5","costCenters":[{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235735,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"22","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-11-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6611e4b0c8380cd72cf5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vincent, P.","contributorId":96465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vincent","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Larsen, S.","contributorId":37087,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larsen","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Galloway, D. 0000-0003-0904-5355","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0904-5355","contributorId":7895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galloway","given":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":404657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Laczniak, R. J.","contributorId":46104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laczniak","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Walter, W.R.","contributorId":33089,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walter","given":"W.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Foxall, W.","contributorId":31559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foxall","given":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Zucca, J.J.","contributorId":104914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zucca","given":"J.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70024943,"text":"70024943 - 2003 - Native weeds and exotic plants: Relationships to disturbance in mixed-grass prairie","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:08","indexId":"70024943","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3086,"text":"Plant Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Native weeds and exotic plants: Relationships to disturbance in mixed-grass prairie","docAbstract":"Disturbance frequently is implicated in the spread of invasive exotic plants. Disturbances may be broadly categorized as endogenous (e.g., digging by fossorial animals) or exogenous (e.g., construction and maintenance of roads and trails), just as weedy species may be native or exotic in origin. The objective of this study was to characterize and compare exotic and native weedy plant occurrence in and near three classes of disturbance -digging by prairie dogs (an endogenous disturbance to which native plants have had the opportunity to adapt), paved or gravel roads (an exogenous disturbance without natural precedent), and constructed trails (an exogenous disturbance with a natural precedent in trails created by movement of large mammals) - in three geographically separate national park units. I used plant survey data from the North and South Units of Theodore Roosevelt National Park and Wind Cave National Park in the northern mixed-grass prairie of western North and South Dakota, USA, to characterize the distribution of weedy native and exotic plants with respect to the three disturbance classes as well as areas adjacent to them. There were differences both in the susceptibility of the disturbance classes to invasion and in the distributions of native weeds and exotic species among the disturbance classes. Both exotic and native weedy species richness were greatest in prairie dog towns and community composition there differed most from undisturbed areas. Exotic species were more likely to thrive near roadways, where native weedy species were infrequently encountered. Exotic species were more likely to have spread beyond the disturbed areas into native prairie than were weedy native species. The response of individual exotic plant species to the three types of disturbance was less consistent than that of native weedy species across the three park units.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Plant Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1023/A:1026046810307","issn":"13850237","usgsCitation":"Larson, D., 2003, Native weeds and exotic plants: Relationships to disturbance in mixed-grass prairie: Plant Ecology, v. 169, no. 2, p. 317-333, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1026046810307.","startPage":"317","endPage":"333","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233329,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207991,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026046810307"}],"volume":"169","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a62c5e4b0c8380cd720d3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Larson, D.L. 0000-0001-5202-0634","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5202-0634","contributorId":69501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"D.L.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":403198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70025303,"text":"70025303 - 2003 - Conceptual model for transferring information between small watersheds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:29","indexId":"70025303","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1539,"text":"Environmental Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Conceptual model for transferring information between small watersheds","docAbstract":"Stream and watershed management and restoration can be greatly facilitated through use of physiographic landform classification to organize and communicate natural resource, hazard, and environmental information at a broad scale (1:250,000) as illustrated by the Piedmont and Coastal Plain Provinces in Maryland, or at a small scale (1:24,000) as illustrated using divisions and zones combined with a conceptual model. The conceptual model brings together geology, surficial processes, landforms and land use change information at the small watershed scale and facilitates transfer of information from one small watershed to another with similar geology and landforms. Stream flow, sediment erosion, and water quality illustrate the use of the model.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00254-003-0872-4","issn":"09430105","usgsCitation":"Cleaves, E., 2003, Conceptual model for transferring information between small watersheds: Environmental Geology, v. 45, no. 2, p. 190-197, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00254-003-0872-4.","startPage":"190","endPage":"197","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209406,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00254-003-0872-4"},{"id":235814,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f9a9e4b0c8380cd4d6f9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cleaves, E.T.","contributorId":41148,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cleaves","given":"E.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70025304,"text":"70025304 - 2003 - Effects of ammonia on juvenile unionid mussels (<i>Lampsilis cardium</i>) in laboratory sediment toxicity tests","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-18T15:19:26","indexId":"70025304","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of ammonia on juvenile unionid mussels (<i>Lampsilis cardium</i>) in laboratory sediment toxicity tests","docAbstract":"Ammonia is a relatively toxic compound generated in water and sediments by heterotrophic bacteria and accumulates in sediments and pore water. Recent data suggest that unionid mussels are sensitive to un-ionized ammonia (NH3) relative to other organisms. Existing sediment exposure systems are not suitable for ammonia toxicity studies with juvenile unionids; thus, we modified a system to expose juveniles to ammonia that was continuously infused into sediments. This system maintained consistent concentrations of ammonia in pore water up to 10 d. Juvenile <i>Lampsilis cardium</i> mussels were exposed to NH<sub>3<sub> in pore water in replicate 96-h and 10-d sediment toxicity tests. The 96-h median lethal concentrations (LC50s) were 127 and 165 &mu;g NH<sub>3</sub>-N/L, and the 10-d LC50s were 93 and 140 &mu;g NH<sub>3</sub>-N/L. The median effective concentrations (EC50s) (based on the proportion affected, including dead and inactive mussels) were 73 and 119 &mu;g NH<sub>3</sub>-N/L in the 96-h tests and 71 and 99 &mu;g NH<sub>3</sub>-N/L in the 10-d tests. Growth rate was substantially reduced at concentrations between 31 and 76 &mu;g NH<sub>3</sub>-N/L. The lethality results (when expressed as total ammonia) are about one-half the acute national water quality criteria for total ammonia, suggesting that existing criteria may not protect juvenile unionids.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"Hoboken, NJ","doi":"10.1897/02-342","issn":"07307268","usgsCitation":"Newton, T., Allran, J.W., O’Donnell, J.A., Bartsch, M., and Richardson, W.B., 2003, Effects of ammonia on juvenile unionid mussels (<i>Lampsilis cardium</i>) in laboratory sediment toxicity tests: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 22, no. 11, p. 2554-2560, https://doi.org/10.1897/02-342.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"2554","endPage":"2560","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":209423,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1897/02-342"},{"id":235850,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"22","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-11-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0686e4b0c8380cd512ac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Newton, Teresa J. 0000-0001-9351-5852","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9351-5852","contributorId":78696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newton","given":"Teresa J.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":404691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Allran, John W.","contributorId":97297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allran","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"O’Donnell, Jonathan A.","contributorId":84138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Donnell","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bartsch, Michelle 0000-0002-9571-5564 mbartsch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9571-5564","contributorId":3165,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartsch","given":"Michelle","email":"mbartsch@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":404689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Richardson, William B. 0000-0002-7471-4394 wrichardson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7471-4394","contributorId":3277,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richardson","given":"William","email":"wrichardson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":404690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":53863,"text":"53863 - 2003 - A national survey of Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) participants on environmental effects, wildlife issues, and vegetation management on program lands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-27T12:44:58","indexId":"53863","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":9,"text":"Biological Science Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"2003-0001","title":"A national survey of Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) participants on environmental effects, wildlife issues, and vegetation management on program lands","docAbstract":"<p>A national survey of Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) contractees was completed to obtain information about Abstract environmental and social effects of the program on participants, farms, and communities. Of interest were observations concerning wildlife, attitudes about long-term management of program lands, and effectiveness of U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) assistance in relation to these issues. Surveys were delivered to 2,189 CRP participants with a resultant response rate of 64.5%. Retired farmers represented the largest category of respondents (52%). Enhanced control of soil erosion was the leading benefit of the CRP reported. Over 73% of respondents observed increased numbers of wildlife associated with lands enrolled in the program. The majority of respondents reported CRP benefits, including increased quality of surface and ground waters, improved air quality, control of drifting snow, and elevated opportunities to hunt or simply observe wildlife as part of daily activities. Income stability, improved scenic quality of farms and landscapes, and potential increases in property values and future incomes also were seen as program benefits. Negative aspects, reported by a smaller number of respondents, included seeing the CRP as a source of weeds, fire hazard, and attracting unwanted requests for trespass. Over 75% of respondents believed CRP benefits to wildlife were important. A majority of respondents (82%) believed the amount of assistance furnished by USDA related to planning and maintaining wildlife habitat associated with CRP lands was appropriate. Nearly 51% of respondents would accept incorporation of periodic management of vegetation into long-term management of CRP lands to maintain quality of wildlife habitats. Provision of funds to address additional costs and changes in CRP regulations would be required to maximize long-term management of program lands. Additional, on-ground assistance related to management of CRP, and other agricultural lands, to maintain wildlife habitats was commonly identified as a need by survey respondents.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Allen, A.W., and Vandever, M., 2003, A national survey of Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) participants on environmental effects, wildlife issues, and vegetation management on program lands: Biological Science Report 2003-0001, vi, 51 p.","productDescription":"vi, 51 p.","numberOfPages":"60","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":123918,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/bsr_2003_0001.jpg"},{"id":320298,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bsr/2003/0001/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b20e4b07f02db6ac235","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Allen, Arthur W.","contributorId":40648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Arthur","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vandever, Mark W.","contributorId":59870,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vandever","given":"Mark W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70024942,"text":"70024942 - 2003 - Acquisition and evaluation of thermodynamic data for morenosite-retgersite equilibria at 0.1 MPa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-15T22:58:57.50541","indexId":"70024942","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":738,"text":"American Mineralogist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Acquisition and evaluation of thermodynamic data for morenosite-retgersite equilibria at 0.1 MPa","docAbstract":"<p><span>Metal-sulfate salts in mine drainage environments commonly occur as solid solutions containing Fe, Cu, Mg, Zn, Al, Mn, Ni, Co, Cd, and other elements.&nbsp;</span>Thermodynamic<span>&nbsp;</span>data<span>&nbsp;for some of the end-member salts containing Fe, Cu, Zn, and Mg have been collected and evaluated previously, and the present study extends to the system containing Ni.&nbsp;</span>Morenosite<span>&nbsp;(NiSO</span><sub>4</sub><span>-7H</span><sub>2</sub><span>O)-</span>retgersite<span>&nbsp;(NiSO</span><sub>4</sub><span>-6H</span><sub>2</sub><span>O)&nbsp;</span>equilibria<span>&nbsp;were determined along five humidity buffer curves&nbsp;</span>at<span>&nbsp;</span>0.1<span>&nbsp;</span>MPa<span>&nbsp;and between 5 and 22°C. Reversals along these humidity-buffer curves yield In K = 17.58-6303.35/T, where K is the&nbsp;</span>equilibrium<span>&nbsp;constant, and T is temperature in K. The derived standard Gibbs free energy of reaction is 8.84 kJ/mol, which agrees very well with the values of 8.90, 8.83, and 8.85 kJ/mol based on the vapor pressure measurements of Schumb (1923), Bonnell and Burridge (1935), and Stout et al. (1966). respectively. This value also agrees reasonably well with the values of 8.65 and 9.56 kJ/mol calculated from the&nbsp;</span>data<span>&nbsp;compiled by Wagman et al. (1982) and DeKock (1982), respectively. The temperature-humidity relationships defined by this study for dehydration&nbsp;</span>equilibria<span>&nbsp;between&nbsp;</span>morenosite<span>&nbsp;and&nbsp;</span>retgersite<span>&nbsp;explain the more common occurrence of&nbsp;</span>retgersite<span>&nbsp;relative to&nbsp;</span>morenosite<span>&nbsp;in nature.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Walter de Gruyter","doi":"10.2138/am-2003-11-1237","issn":"0003004X","usgsCitation":"Chou, I., and Seal, R., 2003, Acquisition and evaluation of thermodynamic data for morenosite-retgersite equilibria at 0.1 MPa: American Mineralogist, v. 88, no. 11-12, p. 1943-1948, https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2003-11-1237.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1943","endPage":"1948","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":387206,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"88","issue":"11-12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-11-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e6a3e4b0c8380cd47557","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chou, I.-M. 0000-0001-5233-6479","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5233-6479","contributorId":44283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chou","given":"I.-M.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":403196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Seal, R.R. II","contributorId":102097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seal","given":"R.R.","suffix":"II","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
]}