Results from pilot studies on colloidal phase transport of newly deposited mercury in lake water and overland runoff demonstrate that the combination of ultrafiltration, and stable isotope amendment techniques is a viable tool for the study of mercury partitioning to filterable carbon. Ultrafiltration mass balance calculations were generally excellent, averaging 97.3, 96.1 and 99.8% for dissolved organic carbon (DOC), total mercury (HgT), and methylmercury (MeHg), respectively. Sub nanogram per liter quantities of isotope were measurable, and the observed phase distribution from replicate ultrafiltration separations on lake water agreed within 20%. We believe the data presented here are the first published colloidal phase mercury data on lake water and overland runoff from uncontaminated sites. Initial results from pilot-scale lake amendment experiments indicate that the choice of matrix used to dissolve the isotope did not affect the initial phase distribution of the added mercury in the lake. In addition there was anecdotal evidence that native MeHg was either recently produced in the system, or at a minimum, that this ‘old’ MeHg partitions to the same subset of DOC that binds the amended mercury. Initial results from pilot-scale overland runoff experiments indicate that less than 20% of newly deposited mercury was transported in the filterable fraction (<0.7 μm). There is some indication of colloidal phase enrichment of mercury in runoff compared to the phase distribution of organic carbon, but the mechanism of this enrichment is unclear. The phase distribution of newly deposited mercury can differ from that of organic carbon and native mercury, suggesting that the quality of the carbon (available ligands), not the quantity of carbon, regulates partitioning. Further characterization of DOC is needed to clarify the underlying mechanisms.
Following an initial phreatic eruption on 21 December 1994, activity at Popocatepetl has been dominated by fumarolic emissions interspersed with more energetic emissions of ashes and gases. A phase of repetitive dome-building and dome-destroying episodes began in March 1996 and is still ongoing at present. We describe the long-period (LP) seismicity accompanying eruptive activity at Popocatepetl from December 1994 through May 2000, using data from a three-component broadband seismometer located 5 km from the summit crater. The broadband records display a variety of signals, with periods ranging in the band 0.04–90 s. Long-period events and tremor with typical dominant periods in the range 0.3–2.0 s are the most characteristic signals observed at Popocatepetl. These signals appear to reflect volumetric sources driven by pressure fluctuations associated with the unsteady transport of gases beneath the crater. Very-long-period (VLP) signals are also observed in association with LP events and tremor. The VLP signals which accompany LP events display Ricker-like wavelets with periods near 36 s, whereas VLP signals associated with tremor waveforms typically show sustained oscillations at periods ranging up to 90 s. The spectra and particle motion patterns remain similar from event to event for the majority of LP and tremor signals analyzed during the time span of this study, suggesting a repeated, non-destructive activation of a common source. Hypocenters determined by phase pick analyses of selected LP events recorded by the seven-station, permanent Popocatepetl short-period network suggest that the majority of these events are confined to a source region in the top 1.5 km below the crater floor. The repetitive occurrences of VLP signals with closely matched waveform characteristics are consistent with a non-destructive reactivation of at least two sources. One source appears to coincide with the main source region of LP seismicity, whereas the second is a deeper source whose activity appears to be intimately linked with episodes of monochromatic tremor.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00445-002-0248-8","issn":"02588900","usgsCitation":"Arciniega-Ceballos, A., Chouet, B., and Dawson, P., 2003, Long-period events and tremor at Popocatepetl volcano (1994–2000) and their broadband characteristics: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 65, no. 2-3, p. 124-135, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-002-0248-8.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"124","endPage":"135","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":388639,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"65","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-10-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a496ee4b0c8380cd685cf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Arciniega-Ceballos, A.","contributorId":42742,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arciniega-Ceballos","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chouet, B.","contributorId":68465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chouet","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dawson, P. 0000-0003-4065-0588","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4065-0588","contributorId":49529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dawson","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70026306,"text":"70026306 - 2003 - Surface complexation and precipitate geometry for aqueous Zn(II) sorption on ferrihydrite: II. XANES analysis and simulation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-16T09:52:16","indexId":"70026306","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Surface complexation and precipitate geometry for aqueous Zn(II) sorption on ferrihydrite: II. XANES analysis and simulation","docAbstract":"X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (XANES) analysis of sorption complexes has the advantages of high sensitivity (10- to 20-fold greater than extended X-ray absorption fine structure [EXAFS] analysis) and relative ease and speed of data collection (because of the short k-space range). It is thus a potentially powerful tool for characterization of environmentally significant surface complexes and precipitates at very low surface coverages. However, quantitative analysis has been limited largely to “fingerprint” comparison with model spectra because of the difficulty of obtaining accurate multiple-scattering amplitudes for small clusters with high confidence.
In the present work, calculations of the XANES for 50- to 200-atom clusters of structure from Zn model compounds using the full multiple-scattering code Feff 8.0 accurately replicate experimental spectra and display features characteristic of specific first-neighbor anion coordination geometry and second-neighbor cation geometry and number. Analogous calculations of the XANES for small molecular clusters indicative of precipitation and sorption geometries for aqueous Zn on ferrihydrite, and suggested by EXAFS analysis, are in good agreement with observed spectral trends with sample composition, with Zn-oxygen coordination and with changes in second-neighbor cation coordination as a function of sorption coverage. Empirical analysis of experimental XANES features further verifies the validity of the calculations. The findings agree well with a complete EXAFS analysis previously reported for the same sample set, namely, that octahedrally coordinated aqueous Zn2+ species sorb as a tetrahedral complex on ferrihydrite with varying local geometry depending on sorption density. At significantly higher densities but below those at which Zn hydroxide is expected to precipitate, a mainly octahedral coordinated Zn2+precipitate is observed. An analysis of the multiple scattering paths contributing to the XANES demonstrates the importance of scattering paths involving the anion sublattice. We also describe the specific advantages of complementary quantitative XANES and EXAFS analysis and estimate limits on the extent of structural information obtainable from XANES analysis.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0016-7037(02)01280-2","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Waychunas, G., Fuller, C.C., Davis, J., and Rehr, J., 2003, Surface complexation and precipitate geometry for aqueous Zn(II) sorption on ferrihydrite: II. XANES analysis and simulation: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 67, no. 5, p. 1031-1043, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(02)01280-2.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1031","endPage":"1043","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234399,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208572,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(02)01280-2"}],"volume":"67","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9f9ae4b08c986b31e6df","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waychunas, G.A.","contributorId":90888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waychunas","given":"G.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fuller, C. C.","contributorId":29858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Davis, J.A.","contributorId":71694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rehr, J.J.","contributorId":75310,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rehr","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70025896,"text":"70025896 - 2003 - Geology of the Ivanhoe Hg-Au district, northern Nevada: Influence of Miocene volcanism, lakes, and active faulting on epithermal mineralization","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-27T18:17:32.236705","indexId":"70025896","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geology of the Ivanhoe Hg-Au district, northern Nevada: Influence of Miocene volcanism, lakes, and active faulting on epithermal mineralization","docAbstract":"The mercury-gold deposits of the Ivanhoe mining district in northern Nevada formed when middle Miocene rhyolitic volcanism and high-angle faulting disrupted a shallow lacustrine environment. Sinter and replacement mercury deposits formed at and near the paleosurface, and disseminated gold deposits and high-grade gold-silver veins formed beneath the hot spring deposits. The lacustrine environment provided abundant meteoric water; the rhyolites heated the water; and the faults, flow units, and lakebeds provided fluid pathways for the hydrothermal fluids. A shallow lake began to develop in the Ivanhoe area about 16.5 Ma. The lake progressively expanded and covered the entire area with fine-grained lacustrine sediments. Lacustrine sedimentation continued to at least 14.4 Ma, and periodic fluctuations in the size and extent of the lake may have been responses to both climate and nearby volcanism. The eruption of rhyolite and andesite flows and domes periodically disrupted the lacustrine environment and produced interfingered flows and lake sediments. The major pulse of rhyolitic volcanism took place between 15.16 ± 0.05 and 14.92 ± 0.05 Ma. High-angle faulting began in the basement about 15.2 Ma, penetrated to and disrupted the paleosurface after 15.10 ± 0.06 Ma, and largely ceased by 14.92 ± 0.05 Ma. Ground motion related to both faulting and volcanism created debris flows and soft-sediment deformation in the lakebeds. Mercury-gold mineralization was coeval with rhyolite volcanism and high-angle faulting, and it took place about 15.2 to 14.9 Ma. At and near the paleosurface, hydrothermal fluids migrated through tuffaceous sediments above relatively impermeable volcanic and Paleozoic units, creating chalcedonic, cinnabar-bearing replacement bodies and sinters. Disseminated gold was deposited in sedimentary and volcanic rocks beneath the mercury deposits, although the hydrologic path between the two ore types is unclear. Higher-grade gold-silver deposits formed in massive rhyolites and Paleozoic quartzites at deeper levels, and these mineralized zones possibly represent the feeder zones for the higher-level deposits. Fluctuations in the ground-water table locally produced hydrothermal oxidation of the near-surface mercury and disseminated gold deposits. The locus of mineralization shifted with time, moving south and east from its inception point in the west-central part of the district. Thus, although mineralization in the district took place during a span of 300,000 years, the duration of mineralization at any one place probably was much shorter. The low-sulfidation deposits of the Ivanhoe district formed at the same time and under similar conditions as those in the nearby Midas district, 15 km to the northwest, which includes the large, high-grade Ken Snyder gold-silver epithermal vein deposit. The exposures in the Ivanhoe district are interpreted to represent the near-surface example of the paleosurface that originally was present above the Midas mineralizing system. The resulting combined Ivanhoe-Midas model provides an exploration guide for epithermal deposits in similar geologic environments in northern Nevada.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.98.2.409","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Wallace, A.R., 2003, Geology of the Ivanhoe Hg-Au district, northern Nevada: Influence of Miocene volcanism, lakes, and active faulting on epithermal mineralization: Economic Geology, v. 98, no. 2, p. 409-424, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.98.2.409.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"409","endPage":"424","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":387485,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"98","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a25cae4b0c8380cd58b8d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wallace, A. R.","contributorId":59445,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wallace","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70026327,"text":"70026327 - 2003 - Scale-dependent temporal variations in stream water geochemistry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-08T14:35:30.542553","indexId":"70026327","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Scale-dependent temporal variations in stream water geochemistry","docAbstract":"A year-long study of four western Montana streams (two impacted by mining and two “pristine”) evaluated surface water geochemical dynamics on various time scales (monthly, daily, and bi-hourly). Monthly changes were dominated by snowmelt and precipitation dynamics. On the daily scale, post-rain surges in some solute and particulate concentra tions were similar to those of early spring runoff flushing characteristics on the monthly scale. On the bi-hourly scale, we observed diel (diurnal−nocturnal) cycling for pH, dissolved oxygen, water temperature, dissolved inorganic carbon, total suspended sediment, and some total recoverable metals at some or all sites. A comparison of the cumulative geochemical variability within each of the temporal groups reveals that for many water quality parameters there were large overlaps of concentration ranges among groups. We found that short-term (daily and bi-hourly) variations of some geochemical parameters covered large proportions of the variations found on a much longer term (monthly) time scale. These results show the importance of nesting short-term studies within long-term geochemical study designs to separate signals of environmental change from natural variability.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/es025983","usgsCitation":"Nagorski, S., Moore, J., McKinnon, T.E., and Smith, D.B., 2003, Scale-dependent temporal variations in stream water geochemistry: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 37, no. 5, p. 859-864, https://doi.org/10.1021/es025983.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"859","endPage":"864","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234224,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.02636718749999,\n 44.933696389694674\n ],\n [\n -110.19287109375,\n 44.933696389694674\n ],\n [\n -110.19287109375,\n 49.023461463214126\n ],\n [\n -117.02636718749999,\n 49.023461463214126\n ],\n [\n -117.02636718749999,\n 44.933696389694674\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"37","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b870fe4b08c986b3162aa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nagorski, S.A.","contributorId":95499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nagorski","given":"S.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moore, J.N.","contributorId":22795,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"J.N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McKinnon, Temple E.","contributorId":40238,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McKinnon","given":"Temple","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smith, D. B. davidsmith@usgs.gov","contributorId":12840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D.","email":"davidsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70026326,"text":"70026326 - 2003 - Crustal magnetization and accretion at the Southwest Indian Ridge near the Atlantis II fracture zone, 0-25 Ma","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:36","indexId":"70026326","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Crustal magnetization and accretion at the Southwest Indian Ridge near the Atlantis II fracture zone, 0-25 Ma","docAbstract":"We analyze geophysical data that extend from 0 to 25-Myr-old seafloor on both flanks of the Southwest Indian Ridge (SWIR). Lineated marine magnetic anomalies are consistent and identifiable within the study area, even over seafloor lacking a basaltic upper crust. The full spreading rate of 14 km/Myr has remained nearly constant since at least 20 Ma, but crustal accretion has been highly asymmetric, with half rates of 8.5 and 5.5 km/Myr on the Antarctic and African flanks, respectively. This asymmetry may be unique to a ???400 km wide corridor between large-offset fracture zones of the SWIR. In contrast to the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, crustal magnetization amplitudes correlate directly with seafloor topography along the present-day rift valleys. This pattern appears to be primarily a function of along-axis variations in crustal thickness, rather than magnetic mineralogy. Off-axis, magnetization amplitudes at paleo-segment ends are more positive than at paleo-segment midpoints, suggesting the presence of an induced component of magnetization within the lower crust or serpentinized upper mantle. Alteration of the magnetic source layer at paleo-segment midpoints reduces magnetization amplitudes by 70-80% within 20 Myr of accretion. Magnetic and Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Hole 735B data suggest that the lower crust cooled quickly enough to lock in a primary thermoremanent magnetization that is in phase with that of the overlying upper crust. Thus magnetic polarity boundaries within the intrusive lower crust may be steeper than envisioned in prior models of ocean crustal magnetization. As the crust ages, the lower crust becomes increasingly important in preserving marine magnetic stripes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Hosford, A., Tivey, M., Matsumoto, T., Dick, H., Schouten, H., and Kinoshita, H., 2003, Crustal magnetization and accretion at the Southwest Indian Ridge near the Atlantis II fracture zone, 0-25 Ma: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 108, no. 3.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234192,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"108","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fce1e4b0c8380cd4e4a7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hosford, A.","contributorId":107895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hosford","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tivey, M.","contributorId":70158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tivey","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Matsumoto, T.","contributorId":105479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matsumoto","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dick, H.","contributorId":28781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dick","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schouten, Hans","contributorId":86892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schouten","given":"Hans","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kinoshita, H.","contributorId":19743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kinoshita","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":409017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":1003781,"text":"1003781 - 2003 - Lichens promote flowering Opuntia fragilis in west-central Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-14T22:27:18.560051","indexId":"1003781","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":737,"text":"American Midland Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lichens promote flowering Opuntia fragilis in west-central Wisconsin","docAbstract":"Clumps of the cactus Opuntia fragilis growing in association with mats of the lichens Cladina mitis, Cladina rangiferina and a spikemoss, Selaginella rupestris, were discovered in an agricultural field in Pepin County, Wisconsin, that had been abandoned for over 50 y. The association appeared to be beneficial to the cactus, which flowered almost exclusively in the presence of lichens. Of 294 cactus clumps examined in 2001, 127 grew in the presence of lichen mats and, of these, 24 flowered, producing 91 flowers, while none of the cacti growing in the absence of lichens flowered. In 2002, 19 out of 265 cactus clumps flowered, all but one in the presence of lichens. All sizes of cacti in the presence of lichens flowered and the probability of flowering increased with cactus size. In addition, the cacti that flowered had cladodes that were on average 19% heavier than those of cacti that did not flower. The presence of lichens lowered summer soil temperatures 2–4 C compared to soil temperatures in the absence of lichens. Cooler soil temperatures conserve soil moisture better, which may enhance flowering in these cacti.
","language":"English","publisher":"BioOne","doi":"10.1674/0003-0031(2003)150[0221:LPFOOF]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Bennett, J.P., Bornar, C., and Harrington, C., 2003, Lichens promote flowering Opuntia fragilis in west-central Wisconsin: American Midland Naturalist, v. 150, no. 2, p. 221-230, https://doi.org/10.1674/0003-0031(2003)150[0221:LPFOOF]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"221","endPage":"230","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":387189,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","county":"Pepin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.32120513916016,\n 44.54350521320822\n ],\n [\n -92.1368408203125,\n 44.543260520374844\n ],\n [\n -92.13787078857422,\n 44.68574195264856\n ],\n [\n -91.64863586425781,\n 44.68574195264856\n ],\n [\n -91.64932250976561,\n 44.59437896722391\n ],\n [\n -92.00775146484374,\n 44.596090290766625\n ],\n [\n -92.032470703125,\n 44.582887346829935\n ],\n [\n -92.04517364501953,\n 44.52563993352614\n ],\n [\n -92.04551696777344,\n 44.5063000997406\n ],\n [\n -92.05856323242188,\n 44.4867089169177\n ],\n [\n -92.0599365234375,\n 44.461475576425855\n ],\n [\n -92.07538604736328,\n 44.426424791343855\n ],\n [\n -92.07881927490233,\n 44.40337295966717\n ],\n [\n -92.11349487304688,\n 44.41122141189896\n ],\n [\n -92.12654113769531,\n 44.42004966190147\n ],\n [\n -92.21717834472656,\n 44.436476467560205\n ],\n [\n -92.24292755126953,\n 44.44922244824691\n ],\n [\n -92.29820251464844,\n 44.485974119519405\n ],\n [\n -92.32120513916016,\n 44.54350521320822\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"150","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b16e4b07f02db6a54b7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bennett, J. P.","contributorId":52103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bornar, C.R.","contributorId":25131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bornar","given":"C.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harrington, C.A.","contributorId":96650,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harrington","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1003684,"text":"1003684 - 2003 - Relationship of tadpole stage to location of echinostome cercaria encystment and the consequences for tadpole survival","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-23T16:09:01","indexId":"1003684","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2414,"text":"Journal of Parasitology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Relationship of tadpole stage to location of echinostome cercaria encystment and the consequences for tadpole survival","docAbstract":"The effect of echinostome infections on the survival of Rana pipiens tadpoles was examined in relation to developmental stage of tadpoles. Individual tadpoles of Gosner stages 25, 27, 32–33, and 37–39 were exposed to 1 of 4 levels of cercariae (0, 20, 50, or 100). Only tadpoles at stage 25, the earliest stage infected, died within a 5-day experimental period. This stage-specific mortality rate could be explained, in part, by the stage-specific location of encystment of cercariae, which was documented in a separate experiment. In accordance with kidney development, cercariae predominately encysted in the pronephroi during early stages of tadpole development (stages 25 through 31–32) and only in the mesonephroi and associated ducts at later stages (stages 37 through 46). As the mesonephros develops, renal capacity presumably increases. Thus, tadpoles died only when metacercariae concentrated in the functional portion of the kidney with the most limited renal capacity. As tadpoles aged, they also became less susceptible to infections. On average, 69.5% of cercariae that were exposed to stage 25–26 tadpoles successfully encysted, compared with only 8.4% of cercariae exposed to stage 37–38 tadpoles. Exposures of metamorphic frogs (poststage 46) to cercariae revealed that these individuals can become infected with echinostomes. Collectively, our data highlight the host stage–dependent dynamics of tadpole–echinostome interactions.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Parasitologists","doi":"10.1645/0022-3395(2003)089[0475:ROTSTL]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Schotthoefer, A., Cole, R.A., and Beasley, V., 2003, Relationship of tadpole stage to location of echinostome cercaria encystment and the consequences for tadpole survival: Journal of Parasitology, v. 89, no. 3, p. 475-482, https://doi.org/10.1645/0022-3395(2003)089[0475:ROTSTL]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"475","endPage":"482","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":135693,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"89","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a27e4b07f02db60ff14","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schotthoefer, A.M.","contributorId":80645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schotthoefer","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cole, Rebecca A. 0000-0003-2923-1622","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2923-1622","contributorId":39719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cole","given":"Rebecca","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Beasley, V.R.","contributorId":67035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beasley","given":"V.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70025136,"text":"70025136 - 2003 - Recovery of prairie fish assemblages at the transition from channelized to nonchannelized: Implications for conservation of natural channels","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-21T16:34:46","indexId":"70025136","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2821,"text":"Natural Areas Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Recovery of prairie fish assemblages at the transition from channelized to nonchannelized: Implications for conservation of natural channels","docAbstract":"Fish assemblages were systematically sampled along the transition from channelized to unchannelized reaches in seven streams in northern Missouri, USA. Streams ranged in size from 4th to 8th order and were located in the Central Dissected Till Plains including the Grand, Chariton, Salt, and Fabius watersheds. Maximum species richness was reached 3-5 km downstream from the end of channelization. A limited core group of 10 species was present at most of the sites (channelized and unchannelized locations), and a diverse group of 45 species was present at relatively few sites (rarely channelized locations). The core group consisted largely of tolerant, omnivorous species and contained no top carnivores. The 45-species diverse group included a greater proportion of intolerant, benthic invertivorous, lithophilous, and carnivorous species. The effect of channelization extended well into unchannelized reaches and should be considered by conservation planners.
","language":"English","publisher":"Natural Areas Association","issn":"08858608","usgsCitation":"Vokoun, J.C., and Rabeni, C.F., 2003, Recovery of prairie fish assemblages at the transition from channelized to nonchannelized: Implications for conservation of natural channels: Natural Areas Journal, v. 23, no. 4, p. 349-355.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"349","endPage":"355","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236025,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":327127,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.researchgate.net/publication/263844443_Recovery_of_Prairie_Fish_Assemblages_at_the_Transition_from_Channelized_to_Nonchannelized_Implications_for_Conservation_of_Natural_Channels"}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","county":"Chariton County, Gentry County, Lewis County, Macon County, Marion County, Shelby County, Sullivan County","otherGeospatial":"Grand River, Locust Creek, Mussel Fork, North Fabius River, North Fork Salt River, South Fabius River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.910888671875,\n 40.04443758460859\n ],\n [\n -94.910888671875,\n 40.588928169693745\n ],\n [\n -94.273681640625,\n 40.588928169693745\n ],\n [\n -94.273681640625,\n 40.04443758460859\n ],\n [\n -94.910888671875,\n 40.04443758460859\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.32061767578125,\n 39.2854197594374\n ],\n [\n -93.32061767578125,\n 39.57605638518604\n ],\n [\n -92.96356201171875,\n 39.57605638518604\n ],\n [\n -92.96356201171875,\n 39.2854197594374\n ],\n [\n -93.32061767578125,\n 39.2854197594374\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.5872802734375,\n 40.23865368994443\n ],\n [\n -92.5872802734375,\n 40.59518511581991\n ],\n [\n -91.99951171875,\n 40.59518511581991\n ],\n [\n -91.99951171875,\n 40.23865368994443\n ],\n [\n -92.5872802734375,\n 40.23865368994443\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.3291015625,\n 39.812755695478124\n ],\n [\n -92.3291015625,\n 40.19146303804063\n ],\n [\n -91.73583984374999,\n 40.19146303804063\n ],\n [\n -91.73583984374999,\n 39.812755695478124\n ],\n [\n -92.3291015625,\n 39.812755695478124\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.9940185546875,\n 39.30029918615032\n ],\n [\n -91.9940185546875,\n 39.791654835253425\n ],\n [\n -91.19750976562499,\n 39.791654835253425\n ],\n [\n -91.19750976562499,\n 39.30029918615032\n ],\n [\n -91.9940185546875,\n 39.30029918615032\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.72760009765624,\n 39.806426117299345\n ],\n [\n -91.72760009765624,\n 40.07281723396798\n ],\n [\n -91.40899658203125,\n 40.07281723396798\n ],\n [\n -91.40899658203125,\n 39.806426117299345\n ],\n [\n -91.72760009765624,\n 39.806426117299345\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"23","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a326e4b0e8fec6cdb788","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vokoun, Jason C.","contributorId":173912,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vokoun","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rabeni, Charles F.","contributorId":34804,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rabeni","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70025201,"text":"70025201 - 2003 - Hydrologic considerations in defining isolated wetlands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:28","indexId":"70025201","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrologic considerations in defining isolated wetlands","docAbstract":"Wetlands that are not connected by streams to other surface-water bodies are considered to be isolated. Although the definition is based on surface-water connections to other water bodies, isolated wetlands commonly are integral parts of extensive ground-water flow systems, and isolated wetlands can spill over their surface divides into adjacent surface-water bodies during periods of abundant precipitation and high water levels. Thus, characteristics of ground-water flow and atmospheric-water flow affect the isolation of wetlands. In general, the degree that isolated wetlands are connected through the ground-water system to other surface-water bodies depends to a large extent on the rate that ground water moves and the rate that hydrologic stresses can be transmitted through the ground-water system. Water that seeps from an isolated wetland into a gravel aquifer can travel many kilometers through the ground-water system in one year. In contrast, water that seeps from an isolated wetland into a clayey or silty substrate may travel less than one meter in one year. For wetlands that can spill over their surface watersheds during periods of wet climate conditions, their isolation is related to the height to a spill elevation above normal wetland water level and the recurrence interval of various magnitudes of precipitation. The concepts presented in this paper indicate that the entire hydrologic system needs to be considered in establishing a definition of hydrologic isolation.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wetlands","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"02775212","usgsCitation":"Winter, T.C., and LaBaugh, J.W., 2003, Hydrologic considerations in defining isolated wetlands: Wetlands, v. 23, no. 3, p. 532-540.","startPage":"532","endPage":"540","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235921,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a35a6e4b0c8380cd600d8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Winter, T. C.","contributorId":23485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winter","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"LaBaugh, J. W.","contributorId":23484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaBaugh","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1003720,"text":"1003720 - 2003 - Determination of the median toxic dose of type C botulism in lactating dairy cows","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-17T13:45:33","indexId":"1003720","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2492,"text":"Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determination of the median toxic dose of type C botulism in lactating dairy cows","docAbstract":"Because of the difficulty in identifying botulinum toxin in cattle, it is hypothesized that cattle are sensitive to levels of toxin below the detection limits of current diagnostic techniques (the mouse protection bioassay and the immunostick enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA] for type C botulinum toxin). Using an up-down method for toxicologic testing, the median toxic dose (MTD50) for cattle was determined. Four lactating Holstein cows were dosed at 0.125 or 0.25 ng/kg with Clostridium botulinum type C toxin and failed to develop clinical signs of botulism during the 7-day observation period. Three cows given 0.50 ng/kg of toxin developed clinical signs of botulism. From these results, the MTD50 was calculated at 0.388 ng/kg (3.88 mouse lethal doses/kg) using the trim-logit method. These results suggest that cattle are 12.88 times more sensitive to type C botulinum toxin than a mouse on a per kilogram weight basis. The mouse protection bioassay and the immunostick ELISA for type C botulinum toxin failed to identify the presence of the toxin in the serum, blood, and milk samples taken from all 7 animals.","language":"English","publisher":"SAGE","doi":"10.1177/104063870301500603","usgsCitation":"Moeller, R., Puschner, B., Walker, R., Rocke, T.E., Galey, F., Cullor, J., and Ardans, A., 2003, Determination of the median toxic dose of type C botulism in lactating dairy cows: Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation, v. 15, no. 6, p. 523-526, https://doi.org/10.1177/104063870301500603.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"523","endPage":"526","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478429,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/104063870301500603","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":134017,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-11-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db6674f2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moeller, R.B. Jr.","contributorId":84718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moeller","given":"R.B.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Puschner, B.","contributorId":104013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Puschner","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Walker, R.L.","contributorId":27009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walker","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rocke, Tonie E. 0000-0003-3933-1563 trocke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3933-1563","contributorId":2665,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rocke","given":"Tonie","email":"trocke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":314038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Galey, F.D.","contributorId":82257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galey","given":"F.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cullor, J.S.","contributorId":107246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cullor","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ardans, A.A.","contributorId":38118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ardans","given":"A.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":1003692,"text":"1003692 - 2003 - New host record of avian tuberculosis in an American white pelican, Pelecanus erythrorhynchos","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-13T11:29:24","indexId":"1003692","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1153,"text":"California Fish and Game","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"New host record of avian tuberculosis in an American white pelican, Pelecanus erythrorhynchos","docAbstract":"An American white pelican (P. erythrorhyncos) was captured in August 1999 in California, USA. The bird was unable to fly away or evade the boat, and showed considerable aggression when captured. Numerous multifocal, 1 mm diameter, yellow masses were observed throughout the lungs and air sacs. The liver was yellow. A 6 cm diameter, firm spherical mass was present in the abdominal cavity, distal to the liver. Aspergillus spp. were cultured from the air sac tissue. Mycobacterium avium was identified from the splenic mass.
","language":"English","publisher":"California Fish and Game","usgsCitation":"Nol, P., Brannian, R., Berlowski, B., Wolcott, M.J., and Rocke, T., 2003, New host record of avian tuberculosis in an American white pelican, Pelecanus erythrorhynchos: California Fish and Game, v. 89, no. 3, p. 152-154.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"152","endPage":"154","numberOfPages":"3","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129249,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Salton Sea National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.10626220703124,\n 33.05932046347212\n ],\n [\n -115.57617187499999,\n 33.05932046347212\n ],\n [\n -115.57617187499999,\n 33.56199537293026\n ],\n [\n -116.10626220703124,\n 33.56199537293026\n ],\n [\n -116.10626220703124,\n 33.05932046347212\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"89","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afee4b07f02db69774f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nol, P.","contributorId":97037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nol","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brannian, R.E.","contributorId":30574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brannian","given":"R.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Berlowski, B.M.","contributorId":76685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berlowski","given":"B.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wolcott, M. J. 0000-0002-3924-5940","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3924-5940","contributorId":44110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolcott","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rocke, Tonie E. 0000-0003-3933-1563","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3933-1563","contributorId":88680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rocke","given":"Tonie E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70025176,"text":"70025176 - 2003 - Source model for the Mw 6.7, 23 October 2002, Nenana Mountain earthquake (Alaska) from InSAR","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-06T17:02:18.291394","indexId":"70025176","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Source model for the Mw 6.7, 23 October 2002, Nenana Mountain earthquake (Alaska) from InSAR","title":"Source model for the Mw 6.7, 23 October 2002, Nenana Mountain earthquake (Alaska) from InSAR","docAbstract":"The 23 October 2002 Nenana Mountain Earthquake (Mw ∼ 6.7) occurred on the Denali Fault (Alaska), to the west of the Mw ∼ 7.9 Denali Earthquake that ruptured the same fault 11 days later. We used 6 interferograms, constructed using radar images from the Canadian Radarsat-1 and European ERS-2 satellites, to determine the coseismic surface deformation and a source model. Data were acquired on ascending and descending satellite passes, with incidence angles between 23 and 45 degrees, and time intervals of 72 days or less. Modeling the event as dislocations in an elastic half space suggests that there was nearly 0.9 m of right-lateral strike-slip motion at depth, on a near-vertical fault, and that the maximum slip in the top 4 km of crust was less than 0.2 m. The Nenana Mountain Earthquake increased the Coulomb stress at the future hypocenter of the 3 November 2002, Denali Earthquake by 30–60 kPa.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2003GL018014","usgsCitation":"Wright, T.J., Lu, Z., and Wicks, C., 2003, Source model for the Mw 6.7, 23 October 2002, Nenana Mountain earthquake (Alaska) from InSAR: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 30, no. 18, p. 12-1-12-4, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003GL018014.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"12-1","endPage":"12-4","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478411,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2003gl018014","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":236139,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Denali fault, Nenana Mountain","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -150,\n 62\n ],\n [\n -144,\n 62\n ],\n [\n -144,\n 64\n ],\n [\n -150,\n 64\n ],\n [\n -150,\n 62\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"30","issue":"18","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-09-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9330e4b08c986b31a34b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wright, Tim J.","contributorId":84959,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"Tim","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lu, Z.","contributorId":106241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lu","given":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wicks, Charles 0000-0002-0809-1328","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0809-1328","contributorId":9023,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wicks","given":"Charles","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":404115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70025175,"text":"70025175 - 2003 - Sediment DIN fluxes and preferential recycling of benthic microalgal nitrogen in a shallow macrotidal estuary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-21T19:30:53.602997","indexId":"70025175","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2663,"text":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sediment DIN fluxes and preferential recycling of benthic microalgal nitrogen in a shallow macrotidal estuary","docAbstract":"Sediment-water fluxes of NH4+, NO3 -, dissolved inorganic carbon, and O2 were measured in cores collected from the upper Rowley River estuary, Massachusetts, and used to calculate rates of organic nitrogen (N) mineralization, nitrification, and coupled and direct denitrification (DNF). The cores contained 15N label in benthic microalgae (BMA) and in NO3- in the overlying water as a result of an ongoing whole-estuary 15NO 3- enrichment study (NISOTREX II). The tracer allowed for estimation of gross NO3- regeneration in sediments and the contribution of BMA derived N to total mineralization. The mean mineralization rate between sites was 16.0 ± 2.0 mmol N m-2 d-1. Approximately 13 to 56% of the mineralized N was nitrified at rates ranging from 1.8 to 10.1 mmol N m-2 d-1. Total denitrification was dominated by direct DNF (3.6 mmol N m-2 d -1) furthest upstream, where NO3- concentrations were highest. Coupled DNF was most important (8.0 mmol N m -2 d-1) in the sediments with high nitrification and low water column NO3-. A gross NO3- flux from sediments to water of 0.9 to 2.1 mmol N m-2 d-1 was estimated from the isotope dilution of δ15NO 3- in the overlying water of the cores. The isotope dilution seen in the cores was also detected as a deviation from conservative δ15NO3- mixing along estuarine transects. Incorporation of this NO3- regeneration into the DNF calculations effectively increased the estimate of direct DNF by up to 50% and decreased the coupled DNF estimate by up to 220%. Increasing δ 15NH4+ in the water of the cores indicated that the 15N-labelled BMA were preferentially mineralized over bulk sediment organic N. Additional 15N enrichments in the sediment bacterial biomarker diaminopimelic acid showed a link among 15N-labeled BMA, active bacteria, and 15NH 4+released to the overlying water. Based on δ 15NH4+ enrichments in the cores, BMA accounted for approximately 50 to 100% of the N mineralized. An isotopic enrichment of δ15NH4+ above background in the estuary was observed at a magnitude consistent with the core-based rates of BMA mineralization. These results provide further evidence that BMA are not unidirectional sinks for water column-dissolved organic nitrogen, but instead act to turn over N between sediments and estuarine water on the scale of days.
","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research Science Publisher","doi":"10.3354/meps257025","issn":"01718630","usgsCitation":"Tobias, C., Giblin, A., McClelland, J., Tucker, J., and Peterson, B., 2003, Sediment DIN fluxes and preferential recycling of benthic microalgal nitrogen in a shallow macrotidal estuary: Marine Ecology Progress Series, v. 257, p. 25-36, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps257025.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"25","endPage":"36","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478452,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/meps257025","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":388312,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"257","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8947e4b08c986b316d89","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tobias, C.","contributorId":101435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tobias","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Giblin, A.","contributorId":25337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giblin","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McClelland, J.","contributorId":61986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McClelland","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tucker, J.","contributorId":39732,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tucker","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Peterson, B.","contributorId":95412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70025172,"text":"70025172 - 2003 - The history of dinosaur footprint discoveries in Wyoming with emphasis on the Bighorn Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-06T15:33:54","indexId":"70025172","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1965,"text":"Ichnos: An International Journal for Plant and Animal Traces","onlineIssn":"1563-5236","printIssn":"1042-0940","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The history of dinosaur footprint discoveries in Wyoming with emphasis on the Bighorn Basin","docAbstract":"Dinosaur traces are well known from the western United States in the Colorado Plateau region (Utah, Colorado, New Mexico, and Arizona). Utah contains the greatest abundance of known and documented dinosaur footprints and trackways. Far less well known, however, is the occurrence and distribution of dinosaur footprint-bearing horizons in Wyoming. Scientific studies over the past 10 years have shown that three of the four Middle and Upper Jurassic formations in northern Wyoming contain dinosaur footprints. Two of the footprint-bearing horizons are located in geologic intervals that were once thought to have been deposited in offshore to nearshore marine settings and represent rare North American examples of Middle Jurassic (Bajocian and Bathonian) dinosaur remains. Some of these new Wyoming sites can be correlated to known dinosaur footprint-bearing horizons or intervals in Utah. Wyoming has a great potential for additional discoveries of new dinosaur footprint-bearing horizons, and further prospecting and study is warranted and will ultimately lead to a much better understanding of the geographic distribution and behavior of the potential footprint-makers.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/10420940490428823","usgsCitation":"Kvale, E.P., Mickelson, D.L., Hasiotis, S.T., and Johnson, G.D., 2003, The history of dinosaur footprint discoveries in Wyoming with emphasis on the Bighorn Basin: Ichnos: An International Journal for Plant and Animal Traces, v. 11, no. 1-2, p. 3-9, https://doi.org/10.1080/10420940490428823.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"3","endPage":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236028,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Bighorn Basin","volume":"11","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bacbde4b08c986b3236e4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kvale, Erik P.","contributorId":29090,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kvale","given":"Erik","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mickelson, Debra L.","contributorId":29987,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mickelson","given":"Debra","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":6713,"text":"University of Colorado, Boulder CO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":404098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hasiotis, Stephen T","contributorId":194072,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hasiotis","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"T","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johnson, Gary D.","contributorId":29672,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":16179,"text":"Dartmouth College, Hanover NH","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":404097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":1003785,"text":"1003785 - 2003 - Sarcocysts of an unidentified species of Sarcocystis in the sea otter (Enhydra lutris)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-13T12:15:12","indexId":"1003785","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2414,"text":"Journal of Parasitology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sarcocysts of an unidentified species of Sarcocystis in the sea otter (Enhydra lutris)","docAbstract":"The number of Sarcocystis species that infect sea otters (Enhydra lutris) is unknown. Sea otter tissues were recently shown to harbor sarcocysts of S. neurona and of unidentified species of Sarcocystis. Whereas sarcocysts of S. neurona have walls 1–3 μm thick with type 9 villar protrusions, ultrastructure of a distinct thin-walled sarcocyst (0.5–0.7 μm thick) lacking villar protrusions, but instead exhibiting minute type 1 undulations on the sarcocyst wall, is described in this report. Parasites characterized from a sea otter infection were inferred to be related to, but distinct from, other species belonging to Sarcocystis, based on sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of a portion of the beta subunit of the plastid-encoded RNA polymerase gene.
Past studies of free-ranging green turtles Chelonia mydas with fibropapillomatosis (FP) in Hawaii have shown that animals become immunosuppressed with increasing severity of this disease. Additionally, preliminary clinical examination of moribund turtles with FP revealed that some animals were also bacteraemic. We tested the hypothesis that bacteraemia in sea turtles is associated with the severity of FP. We captured free-ranging green turtles from areas in Hawaii where FP is absent, and areas where FP has been endemic since the late 1950s. Each turtle was given an FP severity score ranging from 0 (no tumours) to 3 (severely affected). A fifth category included turtles that were stranded ashore and moribund with FP. We found that the percentage of turtles with bacteraemia increased with the severity of FP, and that the majority of bacteria cultured were Vibrio spp. Turtles with severe FP were more susceptible to bactaeremia, probably in part due to immunosuppression. The pattern of bacteraemia in relation to severity of disease strengthens the hypothesis that immunosuppression is a sequel to FP.
","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research","doi":"10.3354/dao053041","usgsCitation":"Work, T.M., Balazs, G., Wolcott, M., and Morris, R., 2003, Bacteremia in free-ranging Hawaiian green turtles, Chelonia mydas, with fibropapillomatosis: Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, v. 53, no. 1, p. 41-46, https://doi.org/10.3354/dao053041.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"41","endPage":"46","numberOfPages":"6","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478441,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/dao053041","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":135318,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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