No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"International conference on debris-flow hazards mitigation: Mechanics, prediction, and assessment, proceedings","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"3rd International Conference on Debris-Flow Hazards Mitigation: Mechanics, Prediction, and Assessment","conferenceDate":"September 10-13, 2003","conferenceLocation":"Davos, Switzerland","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Schmidt, K., and Menges, C., 2003, Debris-flow deposits and watershed erosion rates near southern Death Valley, CA, United States, in International conference on debris-flow hazards mitigation: Mechanics, prediction, and assessment, proceedings, v. 1, Davos, Switzerland, September 10-13, 2003, p. 219-230.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"219","endPage":"230","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235817,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Death Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.09168268833939,\n 36.57141032623183\n ],\n [\n -117.09447107639252,\n 36.477298442956695\n ],\n [\n -117.04149170338687,\n 36.34939216396741\n ],\n [\n -117.08331752418069,\n 36.29772124377398\n ],\n [\n -117.05822203170462,\n 36.250513534782485\n ],\n [\n -117.08331752418069,\n 36.178523108597645\n ],\n [\n -117.03033815117504,\n 36.01179174407274\n ],\n [\n -116.92995618127,\n 35.923777556313595\n ],\n [\n -116.93274456932278,\n 35.81757888385465\n ],\n [\n -116.89649552463487,\n 35.63422191648942\n ],\n [\n -116.71803868924775,\n 35.85374760212055\n ],\n [\n -116.63996382376601,\n 35.801749885412974\n ],\n [\n -116.59534961491906,\n 35.636488154900064\n ],\n [\n -116.3527598543148,\n 35.64781838304155\n ],\n [\n -116.46429536472772,\n 35.82888349694615\n ],\n [\n -116.71525028949065,\n 36.03659863189414\n ],\n [\n -116.74034578196708,\n 36.31120403372617\n ],\n [\n -116.83236258771345,\n 36.432443150467606\n ],\n [\n -116.724328973914,\n 36.53823008078409\n ],\n [\n -116.80798061550166,\n 36.596457435703655\n ],\n [\n -117.09168268833939,\n 36.57141032623183\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fdf7e4b0c8380cd4ea33","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Rickenmann, D.","contributorId":303046,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rickenmann","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":866404,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chen, Chiu-Lan","contributorId":100979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chen","given":"Chiu-Lan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":866405,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Schmidt, K. M. 0000-0003-2365-8035","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2365-8035","contributorId":59830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"K. M.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":404824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Menges, C.M.","contributorId":71200,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Menges","given":"C.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70025243,"text":"70025243 - 2003 - Predicting changes in hydrologic retention in an evolving semi-arid alluvial stream","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-19T07:24:33","indexId":"70025243","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":664,"text":"Advances in Water Resources","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predicting changes in hydrologic retention in an evolving semi-arid alluvial stream","docAbstract":"Hydrologic retention of solutes in hyporheic zones or other slowly moving waters of natural channels is thought to be a significant control on biogeochemical cycling and ecology of streams. To learn more about factors affecting hydrologic retention, we repeated stream-tracer injections for 5 years in a semi-arid alluvial stream (Pinal Creek, Ariz.) during a period when streamflow was decreasing, channel width increasing, and coverage of aquatic macrophytes expanding. Average stream velocity at Pinal Creek decreased from 0.8 to 0.2 m/s, average stream depth decreased from 0.09 to 0.04 m, and average channel width expanded from 3 to 13 m. Modeling of tracer experiments indicated that the hydrologic retention factor (Rh), a measure of the average time that solute spends in storage per unit length of downstream transport, increased from 0.02 to 8 s/m. At the same time the ratio of cross-sectional area of storage zones to main channel cross-sectional area (As/A) increased from 0.2 to 0.8 m2/m2, and average water residence time in storage zones (ts) increased from 5 to 24 min. Compared with published data from four other streams in the US, Pinal Creek experienced the greatest change in hydrologic retention for a given change in streamflow. The other streams differed from Pinal Creek in that they experienced a change in streamflow between tracer experiments without substantial geomorphic or vegetative adjustments. As a result, a regression of hydrologic retention on streamflow developed for the other streams underpredicted the measured increases in hydrologic retention at Pinal Creek. The increase in hydrologic retention at Pinal Creek was more accurately predicted when measurements of the Darcy–Weisbach friction factor were used (either alone or in addition to streamflow) as a predictor variable. We conclude that relatively simple measurements of channel friction are useful for predicting the response of hydrologic retention in streams to major adjustments in channel morphology as well as changes in streamflow.
Wetlands represent the largest component of the terrestrial biological carbon pool and thus play an important role in global carbon cycles. Most global carbon budgets, however, have focused on dry land ecosystems that extend over large areas and have not accounted for the many small, scattered carbon-storing ecosystems such as tidal saline wetlands. We compiled data for 154 sites in mangroves and salt marshes from the western and eastern Atlantic and Pacific coasts, as well as the Indian Ocean, Mediterranean Ocean, and Gulf of Mexico. The set of sites spans a latitudinal range from 22.4°S in the Indian Ocean to 55.5°N in the northeastern Atlantic. The average soil carbon density of mangrove swamps (0.055 ± 0.004 g cm-3) is significantly higher than the salt marsh average (0.039 ± 0.003 g cm-3). Soil carbon density in mangrove swamps and Spartina patens marshes declines with increasing average annual temperature, probably due to increased decay rates at higher temperatures. In contrast, carbon sequestration rates were not significantly different between mangrove swamps and salt marshes. Variability in sediment accumulation rates within marshes is a major control of carbon sequestration rates masking any relationship with climatic parameters. Globally, these combined wetlands store at least 44.6 Tg C yr-1 and probably more, as detailed areal inventories are not available for salt marshes in China and South America. Much attention has been given to the role of freshwater wetlands, particularly northern peatlands, as carbon sinks. In contrast to peatlands, salt marshes and mangroves release negligible amounts of greenhouse gases and store more carbon per unit area.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2002gb001917","issn":"08866236","usgsCitation":"Chmura, G., Anisfeld, S., Cahoon, D.R., and Lynch, J., 2003, Global carbon sequestration in tidal, saline wetland soils: Global Biogeochemical Cycles, v. 17, no. 4, 1111, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2002gb001917.","productDescription":"1111, 12 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":489947,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2002gb001917","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":387735,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-12-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a293ae4b0c8380cd5a789","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chmura, G.L.","contributorId":70934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chmura","given":"G.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anisfeld, S.C.","contributorId":36729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anisfeld","given":"S.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cahoon, Donald R. 0000-0002-2591-5667","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2591-5667","contributorId":65424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cahoon","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":404830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lynch, J.C.","contributorId":25104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lynch","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70025346,"text":"70025346 - 2003 - Left-Right Asymmetric Morphogenesis in the Xenopus Digestive System","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:29","indexId":"70025346","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1382,"text":"Developmental Dynamics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Left-Right Asymmetric Morphogenesis in the Xenopus Digestive System","docAbstract":"The morphogenetic mechanisms by which developing organs become left-right asymmetric entities are unknown. To investigate this issue, we compared the roles of the left and right sides of the Xenopus embryo during the development of anatomic asymmetries in the digestive system. Although both sides contribute equivalently to each of the individual digestive organs, during the initial looping of the primitive gut tube, the left side assumes concave topologies where the right side becomes convex. Of interest, the concave surfaces of the gut tube correlate with expression of the LR gene, Pitx2, and ectopic Pitx2 mRNA induces ectopic concavities in a localized manner. A morphometric comparison of the prospective concave and convex surfaces of the gut tube reveals striking disparities in their rate of elongation but no significant differences in cell proliferation. These results provide insight into the nature of symmetry-breaking morphogenetic events during left-right asymmetric organ development. ?? 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Developmental Dynamics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/dvdy.10415","issn":"10588388","usgsCitation":"Muller, J.K., Prather, D., and Nascone-Yoder, N.M., 2003, Left-Right Asymmetric Morphogenesis in the Xenopus Digestive System: Developmental Dynamics, v. 228, no. 4, p. 672-682, https://doi.org/10.1002/dvdy.10415.","startPage":"672","endPage":"682","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209442,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvdy.10415"},{"id":235892,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"228","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-11-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4639e4b0c8380cd675cc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Muller, Jennifer K.","contributorId":89702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muller","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Prather, D.R.","contributorId":101432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prather","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nascone-Yoder, N. M.","contributorId":82513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nascone-Yoder","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70025242,"text":"70025242 - 2003 - Effect of different sampling schemes on the spatial placement of conservation reserves in Utah, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:58","indexId":"70025242","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of different sampling schemes on the spatial placement of conservation reserves in Utah, USA","docAbstract":"We evaluated the effect of three different sampling schemes used to organize spatially explicit biological information had on the spatial placement of conservation reserves in Utah, USA. The three sampling schemes consisted of a hexagon representation developed by the EPA/EMAP program (statistical basis), watershed boundaries (ecological), and the current county boundaries of Utah (socio-political). Four decision criteria were used to estimate effects, including amount of area, length of edge, lowest number of contiguous reserves, and greatest number of terrestrial vertebrate species covered. A fifth evaluation criterion was the effect each sampling scheme had on the ability of the modeled conservation reserves to cover the six major ecoregions found in Utah. Of the three sampling schemes, county boundaries covered the greatest number of species, but also created the longest length of edge and greatest number of reserves. Watersheds maximized species coverage using the least amount of area. Hexagons and watersheds provide the least amount of edge and fewest number of reserves. Although there were differences in area, edge and number of reserves among the sampling schemes, all three schemes covered all the major ecoregions in Utah and their inclusive biodiversity. ?? 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biological Conservation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0006-3207(02)00358-0","issn":"00063207","usgsCitation":"Bassett, S., and Edwards, T., 2003, Effect of different sampling schemes on the spatial placement of conservation reserves in Utah, USA: Biological Conservation, v. 113, no. 1, p. 141-151, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3207(02)00358-0.","startPage":"141","endPage":"151","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209502,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3207(02)00358-0"},{"id":236032,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"113","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a05d4e4b0c8380cd50fa3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bassett, S.D.","contributorId":58446,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bassett","given":"S.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Edwards, T.C. Jr. 0000-0002-0773-0909","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0773-0909","contributorId":76486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"T.C.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1008382,"text":"1008382 - 2003 - Are Mojave Desert annual species equal? Resource acquisition and allocation for the invasive grass Bromus madritensis subsp. rubens (Poaceae) and two native species","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-03-22T15:21:15.20347","indexId":"1008382","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":724,"text":"American Journal of Botany","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Are Mojave Desert annual species equal? Resource acquisition and allocation for the invasive grass Bromus madritensis subsp. rubens (Poaceae) and two native species","title":"Are Mojave Desert annual species equal? Resource acquisition and allocation for the invasive grass Bromus madritensis subsp. rubens (Poaceae) and two native species","docAbstract":"Abundance of invasive plants is often attributed to their ability ot outcompete native species. We compared resource acquisition and allocation of the invasive annual grass Bromus madritensis subsp. rubens with that of two native Mojave Desert annuals, Vulpia octoflora and Descurainia pinnata, in a glasshouse experiment. Each species was grown in monoculture at two densities and two levels of N availability to compare how these annuals capture resources and to understand their relative sensitivities to environmental change. During >4 mo of growth, Bromus used water more rapidly and had greater biomass and N content than the natives, partly because of its greater root-surface area and its exploitation of deep soils. Bromus also had greater N uptake, net assimilation and transpiration rates, and canopy area than Vulpia. Resource use by Bromus was less sensitive to changes in N availability or density than were the natives. The two native species in this study produced numerous small seeds that tended to remain dormant, thus ensuring escape of offspring from unfavorable germination conditions; Bromus produced fewer but larger seeds that readily germinated. Collectively, these traits give Bromus the potential to rapidly establish in diverse habitats of the Mojave Desert, thereby gaining an advantage over coexisting native species.
Excitation−emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy has been widely used to characterize dissolved organic matter (DOM) in water and soil. However, interpreting the >10,000 wavelength-dependent fluorescence intensity data points represented in EEMs has posed a significant challenge. Fluorescence regional integration, a quantitative technique that integrates the volume beneath an EEM, was developed to analyze EEMs. EEMs were delineated into five excitation−emission regions based on fluorescence of model compounds, DOM fractions, and marine waters or freshwaters. Volumetric integration under the EEM within each region, normalized to the projected excitation−emission area within that region and dissolved organic carbon concentration, resulted in a normalized region-specific EEM volume (Φi,n). Solid-state carbon nuclear magnetic resonance (13C NMR), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis, ultraviolet−visible absorption spectra, and EEMs were obtained for standard Suwannee River fulvic acid and 15 hydrophobic or hydrophilic acid, neutral, and base DOM fractions plus nonfractionated DOM from wastewater effluents and rivers in the southwestern United States. DOM fractions fluoresced in one or more EEM regions. The highest cumulative EEM volume (ΦT,n = ΣΦi,n) was observed for hydrophobic neutral DOM fractions, followed by lower ΦT,n values for hydrophobic acid, base, and hydrophilic acid DOM fractions, respectively. An extracted wastewater biomass DOM sample contained aromatic protein- and humic-like material and was characteristic of bacterial-soluble microbial products. Aromatic carbon and the presence of specific aromatic compounds (as indicated by solid-state 13C NMR and FTIR data) resulted in EEMs that aided in differentiating wastewater effluent DOM from drinking water DOM.
The Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem contains the rare combination of an intact guild of native large carnivores, their prey, and differing land management policies (National Park versus National Forest; no hunting versus hunting). Concurrent field studies on large carnivores allowed us to investigate activities of humans and carnivores on Yellowstone National Park's (YNP) northern boundary. Prior to and during the backcountry big-game hunting season, we monitored movements of grizzly bears (Ursus arctos), wolves (Canis lupus), and cougars (Puma concolor) on the northern boundary of YNP. Daily aerial telemetry locations (September 1999), augmented with weekly telemetry locations (August and October 1999), were obtained for 3 grizzly bears, 7 wolves in 2 groups of 1 pack, and 3 cougars in 1 family group. Grizzly bears were more likely located inside the YNP boundary during the pre-hunt period and north of the boundary once hunting began. The cougar family tended to be found outside YNP during the pre-hunt period and moved inside YNP when hunting began. Wolves did not significantly change their movement patterns during the pre-hunt and hunting periods. Qualitative information on elk (Cervus elaphus) indicated they moved into YNP once hunting started, suggesting that cougars followed living prey or responded to hunting activity, grizzly bears focused on dead prey (e.g., gut piles, crippled elk), and wolves may have taken advantage of both. Measures of association (Jacob's Index) were positive within carnivore species but inconclusive among species. Further collaborative research and the use of new technologies such as Global Positioning System (GPS) telemetry collars will advance our ability to understand these species, the carnivore community and its interactions, and human influences on carnivores.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","usgsCitation":"Ruth, T., Smith, D., Haroldson, M., Buotte, P., Schwartz, C., Quigley, H., Cherry, S., Tyres, D., and Frey, K., 2003, Large carnivores response to recreational big game hunting along the Yellowstone National Park and Absaroka-Beartooth Wilderness boundary: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 31, no. 4, p. 1150-1161.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1150","endPage":"1161","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131061,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269040,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/3784463"}],"volume":"31","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a90fd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ruth, T.E.","contributorId":52468,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruth","given":"T.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, D.W.","contributorId":24726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haroldson, M.A. 0000-0002-7457-7676","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7457-7676","contributorId":108047,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haroldson","given":"M.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Buotte, P.C.","contributorId":105480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buotte","given":"P.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schwartz, C.C.","contributorId":33658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwartz","given":"C.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Quigley, H.B.","contributorId":15325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quigley","given":"H.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Cherry, S.","contributorId":50480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cherry","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Tyres, D.","contributorId":46384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tyres","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Frey, K.","contributorId":106837,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frey","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70025353,"text":"70025353 - 2003 - Natural seepage of crude oil into the marine environment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:58","indexId":"70025353","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1742,"text":"Geo-Marine Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Natural seepage of crude oil into the marine environment","docAbstract":"Recent global estimates of crude-oil seepage rates suggest that about 47% of crude oil currently entering the marine environment is from natural seeps, whereas 53% results from leaks and spills during the extraction, transportation, refining, storage, and utilization of petroleum. The amount of natural crude-oil seepage is currently estimated to be 600,000 metric tons per year, with a range of uncertainty of 200,000 to 2,000,000 metric tons per year. Thus, natural oil seeps may be the single most important source of oil that enters the ocean, exceeding each of the various sources of crude oil that enters the ocean through its exploitation by humankind.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geo-Marine Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00367-003-0135-0","issn":"02760460","usgsCitation":"Kvenvolden, K., and Cooper, C., 2003, Natural seepage of crude oil into the marine environment: Geo-Marine Letters, v. 23, no. 3-4, p. 140-146, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00367-003-0135-0.","startPage":"140","endPage":"146","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209505,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00367-003-0135-0"},{"id":236038,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a635ae4b0c8380cd72454","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kvenvolden, K.A.","contributorId":80674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kvenvolden","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cooper, C.K.","contributorId":92851,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooper","given":"C.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70025489,"text":"70025489 - 2003 - Statistical power for detecting trends with applications to seabird monitoring","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-04T16:33:55.381242","indexId":"70025489","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Statistical power for detecting trends with applications to seabird monitoring","docAbstract":"Power analysis is helpful in defining goals for ecological monitoring and evaluating the performance of ongoing efforts. I examined detection standards proposed for population monitoring of seabirds using two programs (MONITOR and TRENDS) specially designed for power analysis of trend data. Neither program models within- and among-years components of variance explicitly and independently, thus an error term that incorporates both components is an essential input. Residual variation in seabird counts consisted of day-to-day variation within years and unexplained variation among years in approximately equal parts. The appropriate measure of error for power analysis is the standard error of estimation (S.E.est) from a regression of annual means against year. Replicate counts within years are helpful in minimizing S.E.est but should not be treated as independent samples for estimating power to detect trends. Other issues include a choice of assumptions about variance structure and selection of an exponential or linear model of population change. Seabird count data are characterized by strong correlations between S.D. and mean, thus a constant CV model is appropriate for power calculations. Time series were fit about equally well with exponential or linear models, but log transformation ensures equal variances over time, a basic assumption of regression analysis. Using sample data from seabird monitoring in Alaska, I computed the number of years required (with annual censusing) to detect trends of -1.4% per year (50% decline in 50 years) and -2.7% per year (50% decline in 25 years). At ??=0.05 and a desired power of 0.9, estimated study intervals ranged from 11 to 69 years depending on species, trend, software, and study design. Power to detect a negative trend of 6.7% per year (50% decline in 10 years) is suggested as an alternative standard for seabird monitoring that achieves a reasonable match between statistical and biological significance.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0006-3207(02)00301-4","usgsCitation":"Hatch, S.A., 2003, Statistical power for detecting trends with applications to seabird monitoring: Biological Conservation, v. 111, no. 3, p. 317-329, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3207(02)00301-4.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"317","endPage":"329","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235707,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Middleton Island, Semidi Islands","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -146.40243530273438,\n 59.39477224351406\n ],\n [\n -146.25411987304688,\n 59.39477224351406\n ],\n [\n -146.25411987304688,\n 59.47752265509619\n ],\n [\n -146.40243530273438,\n 59.47752265509619\n ],\n [\n -146.40243530273438,\n 59.39477224351406\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -156.85867309570312,\n 55.951506585828895\n ],\n [\n -156.59088134765625,\n 55.951506585828895\n ],\n [\n -156.59088134765625,\n 56.27843607650187\n ],\n [\n -156.85867309570312,\n 56.27843607650187\n ],\n [\n -156.85867309570312,\n 55.951506585828895\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"111","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9739e4b08c986b31b962","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hatch, Scott A. 0000-0002-0064-8187 shatch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0064-8187","contributorId":2625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatch","given":"Scott","email":"shatch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":405394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1008219,"text":"1008219 - 2003 - Bark heat resistance of small trees in Californian mixed conifer forests: Testing some model assumptions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-28T14:56:19","indexId":"1008219","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1687,"text":"Forest Ecology and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bark heat resistance of small trees in Californian mixed conifer forests: Testing some model assumptions","docAbstract":"An essential component to models of fire-caused tree mortality is an assessment of cambial damage. Cambial heat resistance has been traditionally measured in large overstory trees with thick bark, although small trees have thinner bark and thus are more sensitive to fire. We undertook this study to determine if current models of bark heat transfer are applicable to small trees (<20 cm diameter at breast height (dbh)). We performed this work in situ on four common species in the mixed conifer forests of the Sierra Nevada, California.
The allometric relationship between bole diameter and bark thickness for each species was linear, even for very small trees (5 cm dbh). Heating experiments demonstrated that bark thickness was the primary determinant of cambial heat resistance. We found only slight, but statistically significant, among species differences in bark thermal properties. Our most significant finding was that small trees were more resistant to heating than expected from commonly used models of bark heat transfer. Our results may differ from those of existing models because we found smaller trees to have a greater proportion of inner bark, which appears to have superior insulating properties compared to outer bark. From a management perspective, growth projections suggest that a 50-year fire-free interval may allow some fire intolerant species to achieve at least some degree of cambial heat resistance in the Sierra Nevada.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0378-1127(02)00554-6","usgsCitation":"van Mantgem, P.J., and Schwartz, M., 2003, Bark heat resistance of small trees in Californian mixed conifer forests: Testing some model assumptions: Forest Ecology and Management, v. 178, no. 3, p. 341-352, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1127(02)00554-6.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"341","endPage":"352","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132099,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"178","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db64950d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"van Mantgem, Phillip J. 0000-0002-3068-9422 pvanmantgem@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3068-9422","contributorId":2838,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Mantgem","given":"Phillip","email":"pvanmantgem@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":317072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schwartz, Mark","contributorId":106789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwartz","given":"Mark","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70025540,"text":"70025540 - 2003 - Intraplate triggered earthquakes: Observations and interpretation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-26T13:34:13.300246","indexId":"70025540","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Intraplate triggered earthquakes: Observations and interpretation","docAbstract":"We present evidence that at least two of the three 1811-1812 New Madrid, central United States, mainshocks and the 1886 Charleston, South Carolina, earthquake triggered earthquakes at regional distances. In addition to previously published evidence for triggered earthquakes in the northern Kentucky/southern Ohio region in 1812, we present evidence suggesting that triggered events might have occurred in the Wabash Valley, to the south of the New Madrid Seismic Zone, and near Charleston, South Carolina. We also discuss evidence that earthquakes might have been triggered in northern Kentucky within seconds of the passage of surface waves from the 23 January 1812 New Madrid mainshock. After the 1886 Charleston earthquake, accounts suggest that triggered events occurred near Moodus, Connecticut, and in southern Indiana. Notwithstanding the uncertainty associated with analysis of historical accounts, there is evidence that at least three out of the four known Mw 7 earthquakes in the central and eastern United States seem to have triggered earthquakes at distances beyond the typically assumed aftershock zone of 1-2 mainshock fault lengths. We explore the possibility that remotely triggered earthquakes might be common in low-strain-rate regions. We suggest that in a low-strain-rate environment, permanent, nonelastic deformation might play a more important role in stress accumulation than it does in interplate crust. Using a simple model incorporating elastic and anelastic strain release, we show that, for realistic parameter values, faults in intraplate crust remain close to their failure stress for a longer part of the earthquake cycle than do faults in high-strain-rate regions. Our results further suggest that remotely triggered earthquakes occur preferentially in regions of recent and/or future seismic activity, which suggests that faults are at a critical stress state in only some areas. Remotely triggered earthquakes may thus serve as beacons that identify regions of long-lived stress concentration.","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120020055","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Hough, S., Seeber, L., and Armbruster, J., 2003, Intraplate triggered earthquakes: Observations and interpretation: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 93, no. 5, p. 2212-2221, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120020055.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"2212","endPage":"2221","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478501,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20140804-144016000","text":"External Repository"},{"id":387416,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","city":"Charleston","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.255126953125,\n 32.41706632846282\n ],\n [\n -79.749755859375,\n 32.41706632846282\n ],\n [\n -79.749755859375,\n 32.96258644191747\n ],\n [\n -80.255126953125,\n 32.96258644191747\n ],\n [\n -80.255126953125,\n 32.41706632846282\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"93","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3dc7e4b0c8380cd63831","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hough, S. E. 0000-0002-5980-2986","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5980-2986","contributorId":7316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hough","given":"S. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Seeber, L.","contributorId":37329,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seeber","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Armbruster, J.G.","contributorId":71202,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Armbruster","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70025768,"text":"70025768 - 2003 - Kinetic dissolution of carbonates and Mn oxides in acidic water: Measurement of in situ field rates and reactive transport modeling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-16T10:59:56","indexId":"70025768","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Kinetic dissolution of carbonates and Mn oxides in acidic water: Measurement of in situ field rates and reactive transport modeling","docAbstract":"The kinetics of carbonate and Mn oxide dissolution under acidic conditions were examined through the in situ exposure of pure phase samples to acidic ground water in Pinal Creek Basin, Arizona. The average long-term calculated in situ dissolution rates for calcite and dolomite were 1.65??10-7 and 3.64??10-10 mmol/(cm2 s), respectively, which were about 3 orders of magnitude slower than rates derived in laboratory experiments by other investigators. Application of both in situ and lab-derived calcite and dolomite dissolution rates to equilibrium reactive transport simulations of a column experiment did not improve the fit to measured outflow chemistry: at the spatial and temporal scales of the column experiment, the use of an equilibrium model adequately simulated carbonate dissolution in the column. Pyrolusite (MnO2) exposed to acidic ground water for 595 days increased slightly in weight despite thermodynamic conditions that favored dissolution. This result might be related to a recent finding by another investigator that the reductive dissolution of pyrolusite is accompanied by the precipitation of a mixed Mn-Fe oxide species. In PHREEQC reactive transport simulations, the incorporation of Mn kinetics improved the fit between observed and simulated behavior at the column and field scales, although the column-fitted rate for Mn-oxide dissolution was about 4 orders of magnitude greater than the field-fitted rate. Remaining differences between observed and simulated contaminant transport trends at the Pinal Creek site were likely related to factors other than the Mn oxide dissolution rate, such as the concentration of Fe oxide surface sites available for adsorption, the effects of competition among dissolved species for available surface sites, or reactions not included in the model.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0883-2927(03)00010-6","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Brown, J.G., and Glynn, P.D., 2003, Kinetic dissolution of carbonates and Mn oxides in acidic water: Measurement of in situ field rates and reactive transport modeling: Applied Geochemistry, v. 18, no. 8, p. 1225-1239, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-2927(03)00010-6.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1225","endPage":"1239","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235006,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208913,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0883-2927(03)00010-6"}],"volume":"18","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a40a6e4b0c8380cd64f1f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, J. G.","contributorId":28263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Glynn, P. D.","contributorId":7008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glynn","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70025825,"text":"70025825 - 2003 - Migration of precocious male hatchery chinook salmon in the Umatilla River, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-21T16:30:03","indexId":"70025825","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Migration of precocious male hatchery chinook salmon in the Umatilla River, Oregon","docAbstract":"Between 1993 and 2000, precocious yearling males of hatchery-produced fall and spring chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha composed 3.6-82.1% of chinook salmon runs to the Umatilla River, Oregon. These yearling males are smaller than typical jack salmon, which spend a full winter in the ocean, and are commonly referred to as \"mini jacks.\" Minijack fall chinook salmon are characterized by enlarged testes and an increased gonadosomatic index. Our goal was to determine if minijacks migrated to saltwater between the time they are released from the hatchery and the time they return to the Umatilla River, a period of 4-6 months. During 1999-2000, we collected otoliths from an adult male fall chinook salmon, 12 spring chinook salmon minijacks, and 10 fall chinook salmon minijacks. We measured strontium:calcium (Sr:Ca) ratios from the age-1 annulus to the edge of the otolith to determine whether these fish had migrated to the ocean. The Sr:Ca ratios increased from low values near the age-1 annulus, similar to ratios expected from freshwaters, to higher values near the edge of the otolith. The Sr:Ca ratios increased to levels similar to ratios expected in saltwater, indicating that these fish had migrated to saltwater before returning to the Umatilla River. Analysis of published water chemistry data from the Columbia and Snake rivers and rearing experiments in the main-stem Columbia River confirmed that high Sr:Ca ratios measured in otoliths were not the result of high strontium levels encountered in the freshwater environment. Previously assumed to remain within freshwater and near the point of release, our results suggest these minijack salmon migrated at least 800 km and past three hydroelectric dams to reach saltwater and return to the Umatilla River.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/M02-015","issn":"02755947","usgsCitation":"Zimmerman, C.E., Stonecypher, R., and Hayes, M., 2003, Migration of precocious male hatchery chinook salmon in the Umatilla River, Oregon: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 23, no. 3, p. 1006-1014, https://doi.org/10.1577/M02-015.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1006","endPage":"1014","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234679,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208723,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/M02-015"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Umatilla River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.37606811523438,\n 45.913421859301586\n ],\n [\n -119.35890197753906,\n 45.87901464916881\n ],\n [\n -119.3719482421875,\n 45.817315080406246\n ],\n [\n -119.2510986328125,\n 45.71720694385141\n ],\n [\n -119.07188415527342,\n 45.65964739507406\n ],\n [\n -118.75190734863281,\n 45.65388818245635\n ],\n [\n -118.46282958984374,\n 45.655328041141374\n ],\n [\n -118.23348999023438,\n 45.70042486059141\n ],\n [\n -118.16482543945311,\n 45.73110828152976\n ],\n [\n -118.21426391601561,\n 45.75506798173109\n ],\n [\n -118.59466552734375,\n 45.71193311776845\n ],\n [\n -119.04510498046875,\n 45.72727377526009\n ],\n [\n -119.234619140625,\n 45.80391388619765\n ],\n [\n -119.28543090820312,\n 45.865150166790585\n ],\n [\n -119.31015014648438,\n 45.924408558629004\n ],\n [\n -119.37606811523438,\n 45.913421859301586\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"23","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-08-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a570ae4b0c8380cd6d9f4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zimmerman, Christian E. 0000-0002-3646-0688 czimmerman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3646-0688","contributorId":410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zimmerman","given":"Christian","email":"czimmerman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":406711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stonecypher, R.W. Jr.","contributorId":59216,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stonecypher","given":"R.W.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hayes, M.C.","contributorId":59596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"M.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70025703,"text":"70025703 - 2003 - Temperature-pressure conditions in coalbed methane reservoirs of the Black Warrior basin: Implications for carbon sequestration and enhanced coalbed methane recovery","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:23","indexId":"70025703","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Temperature-pressure conditions in coalbed methane reservoirs of the Black Warrior basin: Implications for carbon sequestration and enhanced coalbed methane recovery","docAbstract":"Sorption of gas onto coal is sensitive to pressure and temperature, and carbon dioxide can be a potentially volatile supercritical fluid in coalbed methane reservoirs. More than 5000 wells have been drilled in the coalbed methane fields of the Black Warrior basin in west-central Alabama, and the hydrologic and geothermic information from geophysical well logs provides a robust database that can be used to assess the potential for carbon sequestration in coal-bearing strata.Reservoir temperature within the coalbed methane target zone generally ranges from 80 to 125 ??F (27-52 ??C), and geothermal gradient ranges from 6.0 to 19.9 ??F/1000 ft (10.9-36.2 ??C/km). Geothermal gradient data have a strong central tendency about a mean of 9.0 ??F/1000 ft (16.4 ??C/km). Hydrostatic pressure gradients in the coalbed methane fields range from normal (0.43 psi/ft) to extremely underpressured (<0.05 psi/ft). Pressure-depth plots establish a bimodal regime in which 70% of the wells have pressure gradients greater than 0.30 psi/ft, and 20% have pressure gradients lower than 0.10 psi/ft. Pockets of underpressure are developed around deep longwall coal mines and in areas distal to the main hydrologic recharge zone, which is developed in structurally upturned strata along the southeastern margin of the basin.Geothermal gradients within the coalbed methane fields are high enough that reservoirs never cross the gas-liquid condensation line for carbon dioxide. However, reservoirs have potential for supercritical fluid conditions beyond a depth of 2480 ft (756 m) under normally pressured conditions. All target coal beds are subcritically pressured in the northeastern half of the coalbed methane exploration fairway, whereas those same beds were in the supercritical phase window prior to gas production in the southwestern half of the fairway. Although mature reservoirs are dewatered and thus are in the carbon dioxide gas window, supercritical conditions may develop as reservoirs equilibrate toward a normal hydrostatic pressure gradient after abandonment. Coal can hold large quantities of carbon dioxide under supercritical conditions, and supercritical isotherms indicate non-Langmiur conditions under which some carbon dioxide may remain mobile in coal or may react with formation fluids or minerals. Hence, carbon sequestration and enhanced coalbed methane recovery show great promise in subcritical reservoirs, and additional research is required to assess the behavior of carbon dioxide in coal under supercritical conditions where additional sequestration capacity may exist. ?? 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Coal Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0166-5162(03)00034-X","issn":"01665162","usgsCitation":"Pashin, J., and McIntyre, M., 2003, Temperature-pressure conditions in coalbed methane reservoirs of the Black Warrior basin: Implications for carbon sequestration and enhanced coalbed methane recovery: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 54, no. 3-4, p. 167-183, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-5162(03)00034-X.","startPage":"167","endPage":"183","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208648,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0166-5162(03)00034-X"},{"id":234531,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"54","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba4d7e4b08c986b32060d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pashin, J.C.","contributorId":41897,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pashin","given":"J.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McIntyre, M.R.","contributorId":96882,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McIntyre","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70025327,"text":"70025327 - 2003 - Effects of soil amendments on germination and emergence of downy brome (Bromus tectorum) and Hilaria jamesii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-21T17:53:34","indexId":"70025327","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3738,"text":"Weed Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Effects of soil amendments on germination and emergence of downy brome (Bromus tectorum) and Hilaria jamesii","title":"Effects of soil amendments on germination and emergence of downy brome (Bromus tectorum) and Hilaria jamesii","docAbstract":"Downy brome is an introduced Mediterranean annual grass that now dominates millions of hectares of western U.S. rangelands. The presence of this grass has eliminated many native species and accelerated wildfire cycles. The objective of this study was to identify soil additives that allowed germination but inhibited emergence of downy brome, while not affecting germination or emergence of the native perennial grass Hilaria jamesii. On the basis of data from previous studies, we focused on additives that altered the availability of soil nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K). Most water-soluble treatments inhibited downy brome germination and emergence. We attribute the inhibitory effects of these treatments to excessive salinity and ion-specific effects of the additives themselves. An exception to this was oxalic acid, which showed no effect. Most water-insoluble treatments had no effect in soils with high P but did have an effect in soils with low P. Zeolite was effective regardless of P level, probably due to the high amounts of Na+ it added to the soil solution. Most treatments at higher concentrations resulted in lower downy brome emergence rates in soils currently dominated by downy brome than in uninvaded (but theoretically invadable) Hilaria soils. This difference is possibly attributable to inherent differences in labile soil P. In Stipa soils, where Stipa spp. grow, but which are generally considered to be uninvadable by downy brome, additions of high amounts of N resulted in lower emergence. This may have been an effect of NH4 + interference with uptake of K or other cations or toxicity of high N. We also saw a positive relationship between downy brome emergence and pH in Stipa soils. Hilaria development parameters were not as susceptible to the treatments, regardless of concentration, as downy brome. Our results suggest that there are additions that may be effective management tools for inhibiting downy brome in calcareous soils, including (1) high salt applications, (2) K-reducing additions (e.g., Mg), and (3) P-reducing additions.
Damage caused by introduced species results from the high population densities and large body sizes that they attain in their new location. Escape from the effects of natural enemies is a frequent explanation given for the success of introduced species. Because some parasites can reduce host density and decrease body size, an invader that leaves parasites behind and encounters few new parasites can experience a demographic release and become a pest. To test whether introduced species are less parasitized, we have compared the parasites of exotic species in their native and introduced ranges, using 26 host species of molluscs, crustaceans, fishes, birds, mammals, amphibians and reptiles. Here we report that the number of parasite species found in native populations is twice that found in exotic populations. In addition, introduced populations are less heavily parasitized (in terms of percentage infected) than are native populations. Reduced parasitization of introduced species has several causes, including reduced probability of the introduction of parasites with exotic species (or early extinction after host establishment), absence of other required hosts in the new location, and the host-specific limitations of native parasites adapting to new hosts.
","language":"English","publisher":"Nature","doi":"10.1038/nature01346","usgsCitation":"Torchin, M.E., Lafferty, K.D., Dobson, A.P., McKenzie, V.J., and Kuris, A.M., 2003, Introduced species and their missing parasites: Nature, v. 421, p. 628-630, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature01346.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"628","endPage":"630","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132097,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"421","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49c2e4b07f02db5d3ec6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Torchin, Mark E.","contributorId":25685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Torchin","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lafferty, Kevin D. 0000-0001-7583-4593 klafferty@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7583-4593","contributorId":1415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lafferty","given":"Kevin","email":"klafferty@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":317063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dobson, Andrew P.","contributorId":63693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dobson","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McKenzie, Valerie J.","contributorId":174969,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McKenzie","given":"Valerie","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kuris, Armand M.","contributorId":54332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuris","given":"Armand","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70025666,"text":"70025666 - 2003 - Application of geographic information systems and remote sensing for quantifying patterns of erosion and water quality","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:22","indexId":"70025666","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Application of geographic information systems and remote sensing for quantifying patterns of erosion and water quality","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrological Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/hyp.1167","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Ritchie, J., Walling, D., and Peters, J., 2003, Application of geographic information systems and remote sensing for quantifying patterns of erosion and water quality: Hydrological Processes, v. 17, no. 5, p. 885-886, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.1167.","startPage":"885","endPage":"886","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208646,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.1167"},{"id":234529,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-03-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ec9ee4b0c8380cd493af","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ritchie, J.C.","contributorId":89299,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ritchie","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walling, D.E.","contributorId":24481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walling","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Peters, J.","contributorId":58066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peters","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70025669,"text":"70025669 - 2003 - Goldquarryite, a new Cd-bearing phosphate mineral from the Gold Quarry mine, Eureka County, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:22","indexId":"70025669","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2749,"text":"Mineralogical Record","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Goldquarryite, a new Cd-bearing phosphate mineral from the Gold Quarry mine, Eureka County, Nevada","docAbstract":"Goldquarryite, idealized formula CuCd2Al3(PO44F2(H2O)10(H2O 2, structure-derived formula (Cu0.70???0.30??1.00(Cd1.68Ca0.32??2.00Al3 (PO44F2(H2O)10[(H2O 1.60F0.40]??2.00, is triclinic, space group P1, with unit-cell parameters derived from crystal structure: a = 6.787(1), b = 9.082(2), c = 10.113(2) A??, ?? = 101.40(1)??, ?? = 104.27(1)??, ?? = 102.51(1)??, V = 568.7(3) A??3, a:b:c: = 0.7473:1:1.1135, Z = 1. The strongest seven reflections in the X-ray powder-diffraction pattern are [d(A??)(I)(hkl)]: 9.433(100)(001); 4.726(30)(002); 3.700(30)(022); 3.173(30b)(122, 113, 120, 003); 3.010(30)(122, 212); 2.896(30)(211); 2.820(50)(022). The mineral occurs on a single specimen collected from the 5,425-foot bench, Gold Quarry mine, Eureka County, Nevada, as isolated clusters of radiating sprays of crystals and as compact parallel crystal aggregates, which are both found on and between breccia fragments. Sprays and aggregates never exceed 3 mm in longest dimension and typically average about 0.5 mm in size. Goldquarryite is a late-stage supergene mineral associated with opal, carbonate-fluorapatite and hewettite, on a host rock composed principally of brecciated and hydrothermally rounded jasperoid fragments which have been lightly cemented by late-stage silicification. Individual euhedral crystals are acicular to bladed, elongate [100], with a length-to-width ratio of approximately 20:1; the maximum size is 1.5 mm but most crystals do not exceed 0.4 mm in length. Forms are {010}, {001} major and {100} very minor. The mineral is pleochroic; translucent (masses) to transparent (crystals); very pale blue to blue-gray (crystals) or blue (masses); with a white streak and a vitreous to glassy luster. Goldquarryite is brittle, lacks cleavage, has an irregular fracture, and is nonfluorescent; hardness (Mohs') is estimated at 3-4; measured density is 2.78(1) g/cm3 (sink-float techniques using methylene iodide-acetone mixtures), calculated density is 2.81 g/cm3 (for formula and unit-cell parameters derived from crystal structure). Optically, it is biaxial positive, ?? = 1.570, ?? = 1.573, ?? = 1.578; 2V (meas.) = ???30??, 2V (calc.) = 76??; dispersion r < v, strong. Average electron-microprobe analysis: K2O = 0.17, CuO = 5.33, CaO = 1.25, NiO = 0.23, ZnO = 0.05, CdO = 26.24, Al2O3 = 15.22, V2O3 = 0.05, P2O5 = 28.04, F = 3.63, H2O (calculated assuming stoichiometry) = [22.19], -O = F = -1.53, total = 100.87 weight %, corresponding to [(Cu0.66Ni0.03Zn0.01) ??0.70.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mineralogical Record","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00264628","usgsCitation":"Roberts, A.C., Cooper, M.A., Hawthorne, F.C., Gault, R.A., Jensen, M., and Foord, E., 2003, Goldquarryite, a new Cd-bearing phosphate mineral from the Gold Quarry mine, Eureka County, Nevada: Mineralogical Record, v. 34, no. 3, p. 237-240.","startPage":"237","endPage":"240","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234631,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a29a7e4b0c8380cd5ab08","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roberts, Andrew C.","contributorId":85733,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roberts","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cooper, M. A.","contributorId":57635,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cooper","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hawthorne, Frank C.","contributorId":47924,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hawthorne","given":"Frank","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gault, Robert A.","contributorId":105064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gault","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jensen, M.C.","contributorId":100561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jensen","given":"M.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Foord, E.E.","contributorId":86835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foord","given":"E.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70025671,"text":"70025671 - 2003 - Chlorine-36 data at Yucca Mountain: Statistical tests of conceptual models for unsaturated-zone flow","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:22","indexId":"70025671","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2233,"text":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chlorine-36 data at Yucca Mountain: Statistical tests of conceptual models for unsaturated-zone flow","docAbstract":"An extensive set of chlorine-36 (36Cl) data has been collected in the Exploratory Studies Facility (ESF), an 8-km-long tunnel at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, for the purpose of developing and testing conceptual models of flow and transport in the unsaturated zone (UZ) at this site. At several locations, the measured values of 36Cl/Cl ratios for salts leached from rock samples are high enough to provide strong evidence that at least a small component of bomb-pulse 36Cl, fallout from atmospheric testing of nuclear devices in the 1950s and 1960s, was measured, implying that some fraction of the water traveled from the ground surface through 200-300 m of unsaturated rock to the level of the ESF during the last 50 years. These data are analyzed here using a formal statistical approach based on log-linear models to evaluate alternative conceptual models for the distribution of such fast flow paths. The most significant determinant of the presence of bomb-pulse 36Cl in a sample from the welded Topopah Spring unit (TSw) is the structural setting from which the sample was collected. Our analysis generally supports the conceptual model that a fault that cuts through the nonwelded Paintbrush tuff unit (PTn) that overlies the TSw is required in order for bomb-pulse 36Cl to be transmitted to the sample depth in less than 50 years. Away from PTn-cutting faults, the ages of water samples at the ESF appear to be a strong function of the thickness of the nonwelded tuff between the ground surface and the ESF, due to slow matrix flow in that unit. ?? 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0169-7722(02)00176-6","issn":"01697722","usgsCitation":"Campbell, K., Wolfsberg, A., Fabryka-Martin, J., and Sweetkind, D., 2003, Chlorine-36 data at Yucca Mountain: Statistical tests of conceptual models for unsaturated-zone flow: Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, v. 62-63, p. 43-61, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-7722(02)00176-6.","startPage":"43","endPage":"61","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208716,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0169-7722(02)00176-6"},{"id":234669,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"62-63","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f5cde4b0c8380cd4c423","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Campbell, K.","contributorId":10526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wolfsberg, A.","contributorId":106291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolfsberg","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fabryka-Martin, J.","contributorId":51467,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fabryka-Martin","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sweetkind, D.","contributorId":83645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sweetkind","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70025153,"text":"70025153 - 2003 - Biological effect of low-head sea lamprey barriers: Designs for extensive surveys and the value of incorporating intensive process-oriented research","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:28","indexId":"70025153","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Biological effect of low-head sea lamprey barriers: Designs for extensive surveys and the value of incorporating intensive process-oriented research","docAbstract":"Four sampling designs for quantifying the effect of low-head sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) barriers on fish communities were evaluated, and the contribution of process-oriented research to the overall confidence of results obtained was discussed. The designs include: (1) sample barrier streams post-construction; (2) sample barrier and reference streams post-construction; (3) sample barrier streams pre- and post-construction; and (4) sample barrier and reference streams pre- and post-construction. In the statistical literature, the principal basis for comparison of sampling designs is generally the precision achieved by each design. In addition to precision, designs should be compared based on the interpretability of results and on the scale to which the results apply. Using data collected in a broad survey of streams with and without sea lamprey barriers, some of the tradeoffs that occur among precision, scale, and interpretability are illustrated. Although circumstances such as funding and availability of pre-construction data may limit which design can be implemented, a pre/post-construction design including barrier and reference streams provides the most meaningful information for use in barrier management decisions. Where it is not feasible to obtain pre-construction data, a design including reference streams is important to maintain the interpretability of results. Regardless of the design used, process-oriented research provides a framework for interpreting results obtained in broad surveys. As such, information from both extensive surveys and intensive process-oriented research provides the best basis for fishery management actions, and gives researchers and managers the most confidence in the conclusions reached regarding the effects of sea lamprey barriers.","largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","language":"English","issn":"03801330","usgsCitation":"Hayes, D., Baylis, J., Carl, L., Dodd, H., Goldstein, J., McLaughlin, R.L., Noakes, D., and Porto, L., 2003, Biological effect of low-head sea lamprey barriers: Designs for extensive surveys and the value of incorporating intensive process-oriented research, in Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 29, no. SUPPL. 1, p. 373-385.","startPage":"373","endPage":"385","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235724,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"SUPPL. 1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f167e4b0c8380cd4ac44","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hayes, D.B.","contributorId":21743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"D.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baylis, J.R.","contributorId":29182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baylis","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carl, L.M.","contributorId":22478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carl","given":"L.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dodd, H.R.","contributorId":10507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dodd","given":"H.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Goldstein, J.D.","contributorId":8269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldstein","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"McLaughlin, R. L.","contributorId":75736,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McLaughlin","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Noakes, D.L.G.","contributorId":102674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noakes","given":"D.L.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Porto, L.M.","contributorId":78920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Porto","given":"L.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ]}