Wolves are some of the world's most charismatic and controversial animals, capturing the imaginations of their friends and foes alike. Highly intelligent and adaptable, they hunt and play together in close-knit packs, sometimes roaming over hundreds of square miles in search of food. Once teetering on the brink of extinction across much of the United States and Europe, wolves have made a tremendous comeback in recent years, thanks to legal protection, changing human attitudes, and efforts to reintroduce them to suitable habitats in North America.
As wolf populations have rebounded, scientific studies of them have also flourished. But there hasn't been a systematic, comprehensive overview of wolf biology since 1970. In Wolves, many of the world's leading wolf experts provide state-of-the-art coverage of just about everything you could want to know about these fascinating creatures. Individual chapters cover wolf social ecology, behavior, communication, feeding habits and hunting techniques, population dynamics, physiology and pathology, molecular genetics, evolution and taxonomy, interactions with nonhuman animals such as bears and coyotes, reintroduction, interactions with humans, and conservation and recovery efforts. The book discusses both gray and red wolves in detail and includes information about wolves around the world, from the United States and Canada to Italy, Romania, Saudi Arabia, Israel, India, and Mongolia. Wolves is also extensively illustrated with black and white photos, line drawings, maps, and fifty color plates.
No abstract available.
As one of the most abundant and widespread forest types in the Southwest, piñon-juniper woodlands are used to varying degrees by many bat species (Chung-MacCoubrey 1996; Findley et al. 1975; Hoffmeister 1986; Jones 1965). Because of the uniqueness and rarity of old-growth piñon-juniper, the ancient woodlands of Mesa Verde Country likely provide bats with a combination of roosting and foraging opportunities not found elsewhere. Although no studies on bat habitat use have been conducted in southwestern Colorado and Mesa Verde National Park – coupled with habitat use studies piñon-juniper woodlands of New Mexico – provide insight into how the bat community in Mesa Verde Country uses he landscape. In this chapter we describe the bat species that occur in the Mesa Verde region, some of their life history, availability of bat roosts in piñon-juniper woodlands, and general patterns of habitat use by each species. We also discuss how the pat community probably uses piñon-juniper woodlands in southwestern Colorado.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ancient piñon-juniper woodlands: A natural history of Mesa Verde country","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"University Press of Colorado","publisherLocation":"Boulder, CO","isbn":"978-0-87081-749-6","usgsCitation":"Chung-MacCoubrey, A.L., and Bogan, M., 2003, Bats of the piñon-juniper woodlands of southwestern Colorado, chap. 8 of Ancient piñon-juniper woodlands: A natural history of Mesa Verde country, p. 131-149.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"131","endPage":"149","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128343,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":14709,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://upcolorado.com/university-press-of-colorado/item/1754-ancient-pinon-juniper-woodlands","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"1076.000000000000000"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6ce4b07f02db63e13a","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Floyd, Lisa M.","contributorId":113482,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Floyd","given":"Lisa","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504923,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Chung-MacCoubrey, Alice L.","contributorId":37680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chung-MacCoubrey","given":"Alice","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bogan, Michael A.","contributorId":27128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bogan","given":"Michael A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":87332,"text":"87332 - 2003 - Introduction to fire danger rating and remote sensing - Will remote sensing enhance wildland fire danger prediction?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-10T12:34:44","indexId":"87332","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5391,"text":"Series in Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":24}},"seriesNumber":"4","chapter":"1","title":"Introduction to fire danger rating and remote sensing - Will remote sensing enhance wildland fire danger prediction?","docAbstract":"The first real beginning to our understanding of wolf social ecology came from wolf 2204 on 23 May 1972. State depredation control trapper Lawrence Waino, of Duluth, Minnesota, had caught this female wolf 112 km (67 mi) south of where L. D. Mech had radio-collared her in the Superior National Forest 2 years earlier. A young lone wolf, nomadic over 100 km2 (40 mi2) during the 9 months Mech had been able to keep track of her, she had then disappeared until Waino caught her. From her nipples it was apparent that she had just been nursing pups.
\"This was the puzzle piece I needed,\" stated Mech. \"I had already radio-tracked lone wolves long distances, and I had observed pack members splitting off and dispersing. My hunch was that the next step was for loners to find a new area and a mate, settle down, produce pups, and start their own pack. Wolf 204 had done just that.\"
During the decades since, we have seen this process many times, and it represents one of the primary ways in which wolves become breeders (Rothman and Mech 1979). However, there are several other ways, and it is only now, after 25 years of study and the wedding of wolf radio-tracking with biochemical analyses of wolf genetics (see Wayne and Vila, chap. 8 in this volume), that we seem to have a reasonably complete picture of wolf social ecology (Meier et al. 1995; D. Smith et al. 1997; Mech et al. 1998).
Typically, all factors that limit an organism are not measured and included in statistical models used to investigate relationships with their environment. If important unmeasured variables interact multiplicatively with the measured variables, the statistical models often will have heterogeneous response distributions with unequal variances. Quantile regression is an approach for estimating the conditional quantiles of a response variable distribution in the linear model, providing a more complete view of possible causal relationships between variables in ecological processes. Chapter 1 introduces quantile regression and discusses the ordering characteristics, interval nature, sampling variation, weighting, and interpretation of estimates for homogeneous and heterogeneous regression models. Chapter 2 evaluates performance of quantile rankscore tests used for hypothesis testing and constructing confidence intervals for linear quantile regression estimates (0 ≤ τ ≤ 1). A permutation F test maintained better Type I errors than the Chi-square T test for models with smaller n, greater number of parameters p, and more extreme quantiles τ. Both versions of the test required weighting to maintain correct Type I errors when there was heterogeneity under the alternative model. An example application related trout densities to stream channel width:depth. Chapter 3 evaluates a drop in dispersion, F-ratio like permutation test for hypothesis testing and constructing confidence intervals for linear quantile regression estimates (0 ≤ τ ≤ 1). Chapter 4 simulates from a large (N = 10,000) finite population representing grid areas on a landscape to demonstrate various forms of hidden bias that might occur when the effect of a measured habitat variable on some animal was confounded with the effect of another unmeasured variable (spatially and not spatially structured). Depending on whether interactions of the measured habitat and unmeasured variable were negative (interference interactions) or positive (facilitation interactions), either upper (τ > 0.5) or lower (τ < 0.5) quantile regression parameters were less biased than mean rate parameters. Sampling (n = 20 - 300) simulations demonstrated that confidence intervals constructed by inverting rankscore tests provided valid coverage of these biased parameters. Quantile regression was used to estimate effects of physical habitat resources on a bivalve mussel (Macomona liliana) in a New Zealand harbor by modeling the spatial trend surface as a cubic polynomial of location coordinates.
","language":"English","publisher":"Colorado State University","publisherLocation":"Fort Collins, CO","usgsCitation":"Cade, B.S., 2003, Quantile regression models of animal habitat relationships, 186 p.","productDescription":"186 p.","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":127204,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publicComments":"PhD Dissertation: Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a86e4b07f02db64db50","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cade, Brian S. 0000-0001-9623-9849 cadeb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9623-9849","contributorId":1278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cade","given":"Brian","email":"cadeb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":299359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1008373,"text":"1008373 - 2003 - Long term productivity of canvasbacks (Aythya valisineria) in a snowpack-driven desert marsh","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-19T15:39:16","indexId":"1008373","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Long term productivity of canvasbacks (Aythya valisineria) in a snowpack-driven desert marsh","docAbstract":"Ruby Lake, Nevada, is a large palustrine wetland that hosts the southern-most major breeding population of Canvasbacks (Aythya valisineria). That arid marsh, fed by springs derived from mountain snowpack, differs in climate and hydrology from glaciated potholes of the northern prairies where most Canvasbacks breed. Fourteen years of nesting data on Canvasbacks over a 31 year period (1970–2000) were analyzed to determine factors affecting breeding performance at Ruby Lake and whether they differed from those in the prairies. Long-term Mayfield nest success at Ruby Lake (50% of all nests) was in the range of that in the northern prairies (21–65%). Of all Canvasback nests, 73% were parasitized (mostly by Redheads [Aythya americana]) as compared to 83–97% in a large Manitoba marsh and 57–65% in Manitoba potholes. However, as in the northern prairies, nest parasitism generally had little or no effect on either nest success or percentage of host eggs that hatched. In Manitoba potholes, nest success was unrelated to habitat variables measured; but successful nests at Ruby Lake were over shallower water, farther from shore, in wider bands of emergent vegetation, and surrounded by lower stem densities than unsuccessful nests. Water level is the key factor in breeding performance of Canvasbacks at both Ruby Lake and the northern prairies; however, the source of water differs (mountain snowpack at Ruby Lake, direct precipitation in the prairies) and effects of water-level variations are reversed. In small prairie potholes (mostly <0.4 ha) with many mammalian predators, productivity of Canvasbacks (which build floating nests) is increased by high water that floods the emergent fringe. At Ruby Lake, a very large marsh (2,830 ha) with mostly avian predators, Canvasback productivity is decreased by high water that floods interior emergent stands too deeply. Water level at Ruby Lake was highly correlated (multiple R2 = 0.91) with mountain snowpack up to three years earlier, emphasizing the strong effect of climatic variations on wetland birds in that arid region.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1642/0004-8038(2003)120[0107:LPOCAV]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Kruse, K.L., Lovvorn, J.R., Takekawa, J.Y., and Mackay, J., 2003, Long term productivity of canvasbacks (Aythya valisineria) in a snowpack-driven desert marsh: The Auk, v. 120, no. 1, p. 107-119, https://doi.org/10.1642/0004-8038(2003)120[0107:LPOCAV]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"107","endPage":"119","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130854,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"120","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6de4b07f02db63ecd9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kruse, Kammie L.","contributorId":174967,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kruse","given":"Kammie","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lovvorn, James R.","contributorId":167714,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lovvorn","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":13212,"text":"Southern Illinois University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":317563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Takekawa, John Y. 0000-0003-0217-5907 john_takekawa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0217-5907","contributorId":176168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takekawa","given":"John","email":"john_takekawa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":317565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mackay, Jeffrey","contributorId":26577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mackay","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":93846,"text":"93846 - 2003 - Aquatic invertebrate and pondweed production in Unit 6 of the Des Lacs National Wildlife Refuge","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-20T10:32:33","indexId":"93846","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Aquatic invertebrate and pondweed production in Unit 6 of the Des Lacs National Wildlife Refuge","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","publisherLocation":"Jamestown, ND","usgsCitation":"Euliss, N., Mushet, D., and Strong, L., 2003, Aquatic invertebrate and pondweed production in Unit 6 of the Des Lacs National Wildlife Refuge, 22 p.","productDescription":"22 p.","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128216,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac5e4b07f02db67a049","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Euliss, N.H. Jr.","contributorId":54917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Euliss","given":"N.H.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":298034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mushet, D.M. 0000-0002-5910-2744","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5910-2744","contributorId":59377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mushet","given":"D.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":298035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Strong, L.L.","contributorId":51235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Strong","given":"L.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":298033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":96211,"text":"96211 - 2003 - Toxicology of marine mammals","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-22T17:59:28","indexId":"96211","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"title":"Toxicology of marine mammals","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
Three procedures were used to develop a set of plausible scenarios of anthropogenic climate change by the year 2100 that could be posed to the sectors selected for assessment (Fig. 2.2). First, a workshop of climatologists with expertise in western North American climates was convened from September 10-12, 1998 at the National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis in Santa Barbara, CA to discuss and propose a set of scenarios for the Rocky Mountain/Great Basin (RMGB) region.
Secondly, the 20th-century climate record was analyzed to determine what trends might have occurred during the period. Since CO2 and other greenhouse gases increased during the century, it was reasonable to examine whether the changes projected for the 21st century had begun to appear during the 20th, at least qualitatively though not quantitatively.
Third, on the assumption of a two-fold increase in atmospheric CO2 by 2100, climate-change scenarios for the 21st century were projected with two, state-of-the-art computer models that simulate the complex interactions between earth, atmosphere, and ocean to produce the earth’s climate system. Each of the last two procedures has its strengths and weaknesses, and each can function to some degree as a check on the other. The historical analysis has the advantage of using empirical measurements of actual climate change taken over an extensive network of measuring stations. These make it possible to subdivide a large region like the RMGB into subreqions to assess the uniformity of climate and climate change over the region. And the historical measurements can to some degree serve as a check on the GCM simulations when the two are compared over the same time period.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Preparing for a changing climate: The potential consequences of climate variability and change (Rocky Mountain/Great Basin regional climate-change assessment)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"language":"English","publisher":"Utah State University","publisherLocation":"Logan, UT","usgsCitation":"Wagner, F.H., Stohlgren, T., Baldwin, C., and Mearns, L., 2003, Climate-change scenarios, 44 p.","productDescription":"44 p.","startPage":"35","endPage":"78","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129468,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Great Basin, Rocky Mountains","publicComments":"Larger Work is A Report of the Rocky Mountain/Great Basin Regional Assessment Team for the U.S. Global Change Research Program","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49b9e4b07f02db5cdd3b","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Wagner, Frederic H.","contributorId":9610,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wagner","given":"Frederic","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504875,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Wagner, Frederic H.","contributorId":9610,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wagner","given":"Frederic","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stohlgren, T.J.","contributorId":7217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stohlgren","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baldwin, C.K.","contributorId":16360,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baldwin","given":"C.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mearns, L.O.","contributorId":30943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mearns","given":"L.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":1001722,"text":"1001722 - 2003 - American avocet nesting on constructed islands in North Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-15T09:55:56","indexId":"1001722","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3111,"text":"Prairie Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"American avocet nesting on constructed islands in North Dakota","docAbstract":"Abstract has not been submitted","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Prairie Naturalist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Dahl, A., Johnson, D.H., Igl, L., Baer, K., Johnson, M.A., and Reynolds, R., 2003, American avocet nesting on constructed islands in North Dakota: Prairie Naturalist, v. 35, no. 2, p. 95-105.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"95","endPage":"105","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129024,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db6868e9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dahl, A.L.","contributorId":67822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dahl","given":"A.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Douglas H. 0000-0002-7778-6641","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7778-6641","contributorId":70327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Igl, L.D. 0000-0003-0530-7266","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0530-7266","contributorId":13568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Igl","given":"L.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Baer, K.L.","contributorId":56999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baer","given":"K.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Johnson, M. A.","contributorId":87088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Reynolds, R. E.","contributorId":25098,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"R. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":96833,"text":"96833 - 2003 - Bat inventory of the Point Loma Peninsula Including the Cabrillo National Monument","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:02","indexId":"96833","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Bat inventory of the Point Loma Peninsula Including the Cabrillo National Monument","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","collaboration":"USGS Technical Report prepared for the Cabrillo National Monument, National Park Service,","usgsCitation":"Stokes, D., Brehme, C., and Fisher, R., 2003, Bat inventory of the Point Loma Peninsula Including the Cabrillo National Monument, 31 p.","productDescription":"31 p.","startPage":"31","numberOfPages":"31","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128003,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6fe4b07f02db640b20","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stokes, D.C.","contributorId":73945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stokes","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":300368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brehme, C.S.","contributorId":101210,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brehme","given":"C.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":300369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fisher, Robert N. 0000-0002-2956-3240","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2956-3240","contributorId":51675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Robert N.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":300367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":93826,"text":"93826 - 2003 - Population and nesting ecology of sandhill cranes at Grays Lake, Idaho, 1997-2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-08T09:58:41","indexId":"93826","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Population and nesting ecology of sandhill cranes at Grays Lake, Idaho, 1997-2000","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey, Montana Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit","publisherLocation":"Missoula, MT","usgsCitation":"Ball, I., Austin, J.E., and Henry, A., 2003, Population and nesting ecology of sandhill cranes at Grays Lake, Idaho, 1997-2000, 142 p.","productDescription":"142 p.","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128368,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.41647338867188,\n 43.000755398218224\n ],\n [\n -111.38814926147461,\n 43.000755398218224\n ],\n [\n -111.38814926147461,\n 43.0420453718909\n ],\n [\n -111.41647338867188,\n 43.0420453718909\n ],\n [\n -111.41647338867188,\n 43.000755398218224\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad6e4b07f02db684327","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ball, I.J.","contributorId":104427,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ball","given":"I.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Austin, J. E.","contributorId":5999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Austin","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Henry, A.R.","contributorId":107644,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henry","given":"A.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1001731,"text":"1001731 - 2003 - The usefulness of GPS telemetry to study wolf circadian and social activity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-04T11:43:22","indexId":"1001731","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The usefulness of GPS telemetry to study wolf circadian and social activity","docAbstract":"This study describes circadian and social movement patterns of 9 wolves and illustrates capabilities and limitations of Global Positioning System (GPS) telemetry for analysis of animal activity patterns. Global Positioning System telemetry was useful in determining when pack members were traveling together or apart and how long a breeding female wolf spent near her pups (e.g., 10-month-old pups were left unattended by their mother for as long as 17 days).","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","usgsCitation":"Merrill, S.B., and Mech, L.D., 2003, The usefulness of GPS telemetry to study wolf circadian and social activity: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 31, p. 947-960.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"947","endPage":"960","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129369,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4e26","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Merrill, Samuel B.","contributorId":174748,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Merrill","given":"Samuel","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mech, L. David 0000-0003-3944-7769 david_mech@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3944-7769","contributorId":2518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mech","given":"L.","email":"david_mech@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":311617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1007960,"text":"1007960 - 2003 - Marine reserve design for conservation and fisheries management: a case study from the California Channel Islands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:16","indexId":"1007960","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Marine reserve design for conservation and fisheries management: a case study from the California Channel Islands","docAbstract":"Five races of cottontail rabbits belonging to three species occur in Virginia. One of them, the Mearns cottontail (Sylvilagus floridanus mearnsi), is reported here for the first time. It occurs in six southwestern counties of the state, while the eastern cottontail (S. f. mallurus) occurs in the remainder of the state with the exception of Smith and Fishermans islands off the eastern coast of Cape Charles, where it is replaced by Hitchens cottontail (S. f. hitchensi). The New England cottontail (S. transitionalis) is found on the higher mountain peaks, above 3000 feet, and the swamp rabbit (S. palustris) occurs in the Dismal Swamp region of southeastern Virginia.....The height of the breeding season for the eastern cottontail in Virginia is March and April, but breeding continues through the entire year except in December and January. The average litter size based on embryo counts was 4.7. The sex ratio of 234 specimens from all parts of the state, taken mostly in the December to February period, was 53 males to 47 females. That of a group of 145 rabbits live-trapped at Blacksburg during February and Marchwas 58 males to 42 females. The figures show that males are more active than females during the winter months, and therefore are more easily taken then....In transplanting cottontails from one section of the state to another, it is recommended that only cottontails of the same race as those originally present in the region being restocked be released there....Tularemia is not a common disease among rabbits in Virginia, but the rabbit ticks are often carriers of the disease and may transmit it to rabbits. Rabbit ticks are also found to be carriers of Rocky Mountain fever and American Q. fever. After the ticks drop off the rabbits to hibernate in the ground, which is likely to occur during mid-winter in Virginia, there is relatively little danger of humans contracting tularemia by contact with rabbits. Present laws in Virginia which prohibit rabbit hunting until the opening of the general hunting season, November 15and November 20--west and east of the Blue Ridge Mountains, respectively--protect the licensed hunters to which these regulations apply, but landowners or tenants are still allowed to take rabbits for their own use on their own land at any time. It is recommended that as a public health measure the taking of cottontails be completely prohibited to all until the opening of the general hunting season.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Applications","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Airame, S., Dugan, E., Lafferty, K.D., Leslie, H., McArdle, D., and Warner, R., 2003, Marine reserve design for conservation and fisheries management: a case study from the California Channel Islands: Ecological Applications, v. 13, p. S170-S184.","productDescription":"p. S170-S184","startPage":"S170","endPage":"S184","numberOfPages":"1","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129834,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a17e4b07f02db60425c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Airame, S.J.","contributorId":91441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Airame","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dugan, E.","contributorId":60581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dugan","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lafferty, K. D.","contributorId":58213,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lafferty","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Leslie, H.M.","contributorId":28926,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leslie","given":"H.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McArdle, D.A.","contributorId":107233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McArdle","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Warner, R.R.","contributorId":92201,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warner","given":"R.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":96851,"text":"96851 - 2003 - Composition of Suspended Load as a Measure of Stream Health","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-21T14:44:14","indexId":"96851","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Composition of Suspended Load as a Measure of Stream Health","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","language":"English","collaboration":"Progress Report for California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection Contract 1.22-1757.","usgsCitation":"Madej, M.A., Wilzbach, M., Cummins, K., Hadden, S., and Ellis, C., 2003, Composition of Suspended Load as a Measure of Stream Health, 60 p.","productDescription":"60 p.","startPage":"60","numberOfPages":"60","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":127714,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a812a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Madej, Mary Ann 0000-0003-2831-3773 mary_ann_madej@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2831-3773","contributorId":40304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madej","given":"Mary","email":"mary_ann_madej@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Ann","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":300411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilzbach, M.A.","contributorId":48505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilzbach","given":"M.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":300412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cummins, K.W.","contributorId":88297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cummins","given":"K.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":300414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hadden, S.J.","contributorId":23478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hadden","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":300410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ellis, C.C.","contributorId":83465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellis","given":"C.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":300413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":1001764,"text":"1001764 - 2003 - New nesting dates for some breeding birds in North Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-27T11:40:14","indexId":"1001764","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3111,"text":"Prairie Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"New nesting dates for some breeding birds in North Dakota","docAbstract":"Abstract has not been submitted","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Prairie Naturalist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Igl, L., and Kantrud, H., 2003, New nesting dates for some breeding birds in North Dakota: Prairie Naturalist, v. 35, p. 281-285.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"281","endPage":"285","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130263,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afee4b07f02db6975f9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Igl, L.D. 0000-0003-0530-7266","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0530-7266","contributorId":13568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Igl","given":"L.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kantrud, H.A.","contributorId":28553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kantrud","given":"H.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1015307,"text":"1015307 - 2003 - Evaluation of the eastern (Centrocercus urophasianus urophasianus) and western (Centrocercus urophasianus phaios) subspecies of Sage-grouse using mitochondrial control-region sequence data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-16T20:44:06","indexId":"1015307","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1324,"text":"Conservation Genetics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of the eastern (Centrocercus urophasianus urophasianus) and western (Centrocercus urophasianus phaios) subspecies of Sage-grouse using mitochondrial control-region sequence data","docAbstract":"The status of Sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) is of increasing concern, as populations throughout its range have contracted as a result of habitat loss and degradation. Historically, Sage-grouse were classified into two subspecies: eastern(C. u. urophasianus) and western Sage-grouse (C. u. phaios) based on slight differences in coloration noted among eight individuals sampled from Washington, Oregon, and California. We sequenced a rapidly evolving portion of the mitochondrial control region in 332 birds from 16 populations. Although our sampling area covers the proposed boundary between the eastern and western subspecies, no genetic evidence to support the delineation of these subspecies was found. However, a population straddling southwestern Nevada and eastern California was found to contain an unusually high proportion of unique haplotypes, consistent with its genetic isolation from other Sage-grouse populations. Of additional interest was the lack of diversity in the two populations sampled from Washington, one of which contained only a single haplotype. We suggest that multiple lines of evidence are valuable for the formulation of conservation strategies and hence the southwestern Nevada/eastern California population merits further morphological, behavioral, and molecular investigation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1023/A:1024089618546","usgsCitation":"Benedict, N., Oyler-McCance, S., Taylor, S., and Braun, C., 2003, Evaluation of the eastern (Centrocercus urophasianus urophasianus) and western (Centrocercus urophasianus phaios) subspecies of Sage-grouse using mitochondrial control-region sequence data: Conservation Genetics, v. 4, no. 3, p. 301-310, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1024089618546.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"301","endPage":"310","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132950,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5fa51d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Benedict, N.G.","contributorId":90681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benedict","given":"N.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Oyler-McCance, S.J.","contributorId":75877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oyler-McCance","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Taylor, S.E.","contributorId":30948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"S.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Braun, C.E.","contributorId":57421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Braun","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":53273,"text":"ofr2003222 - 2003 - Reconnaissance-level application of physical habitat simulation in the evaluation of physical habitat limits in the Animas Basin, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-23T11:17:50","indexId":"ofr2003222","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-222","title":"Reconnaissance-level application of physical habitat simulation in the evaluation of physical habitat limits in the Animas Basin, Colorado","docAbstract":"The Animas River is in southwestern Colorado and flows mostly to the south to join the San Juan River at Farmington, New Mexico (Figure 1). The Upper Animas River watershed is in San Juan County, Colorado and is located in the San Juan Mountains. The lower river is in the Colorado Plateau country. The winters are cold with considerable snowfall and little snowmelt in the mountains in the upper part of the basin. The lower basin has less snow but the winters are still cold. The streamflows during the winter are low and reasonably stable.
\nThe native trout in the Animas Basin is the cutthroat trout. Few native trout remain and the trout found in the upper watershed are brook trout with rainbow and brown trout in the lower river. There is considerable metal contamination in the upper basin near Silverton but a brook trout fishery does exist in the Animas River from just above Howardsville to where the Animas joins Cement Creek in Silverton.
\nThere are two principle objectives of the habitat studies in the Animas Basin: (1) to improve understanding of the fate of sediment from mining operations from the view point of physical habitat impacts, and (2) to determine if reconnaissance level physical habitat studies can be useful in understanding the impacts of mining on the aquatic ecosystem.
\nPart of the project was to apply the Physical Habitat Simulation System (PHABSIM) to selected locations in the Upper Animas River Basin, Colorado in order to demonstrate the importance of physical habitat in evaluating the efficacy of mined land remediation activities. Physical habitat analysis included the use of sedimentation variables in physical habitat simulations. A map of the Upper Animas Basin is presented in Figure 2.
\nThe project involves collecting data for the following locations: Animas River above Magee Creek; Animas River above Howardsville; Animas River below Howardsville; Animas River above Silverton at Hillsdale Cemetery; Animas River at Silverton; Cement Creek above Silverton; Cement Creek at Silverton; Mineral Creek at Powerline above Silverton; Mineral Creek at Campground; South Mineral Creek at Overflow Campground; Mineral Creek above Bear Creek; Mineral Creek at Silverton; Animas River below Silverton; and Animas River at Elk Park.
\nBed material samples were collected at each site. These included samples of the armour, the substrate, and sand and fines deposited on the surface. At selected sites the stream morphology was measured. These measurements included one to three cross sections, stream discharge, and water surface elevations. The data are located in the files of the Fort Collins Science Center.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr2003222","usgsCitation":"Milhous, R.T., 2003, Reconnaissance-level application of physical habitat simulation in the evaluation of physical habitat limits in the Animas Basin, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-222, v, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr2003222.","productDescription":"v, 16 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":177987,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr2003222.PNG"},{"id":320296,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0222/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Animas River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -108.21807861328125,\n 36.697053200100335\n ],\n [\n -107.940673828125,\n 36.82247761166621\n ],\n [\n -107.74566650390625,\n 37.2587521486561\n ],\n [\n -107.53692626953125,\n 37.861844098370945\n ],\n [\n -107.611083984375,\n 37.93553306183642\n ],\n [\n -107.82257080078125,\n 37.85750715625203\n ],\n [\n -107.99835205078124,\n 37.54022177661216\n ],\n [\n -108.03131103515625,\n 37.24782120155428\n ],\n [\n -108.0670166015625,\n 37.00035919622158\n ],\n [\n -108.21807861328125,\n 36.697053200100335\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a49e4b07f02db623b5f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Milhous, Robert T.","contributorId":28646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milhous","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":247141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1015112,"text":"1015112 - 2003 - Do ungulates accelerate or decelerate nitrogen cycling?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-24T13:37:59","indexId":"1015112","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1687,"text":"Forest Ecology and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Do ungulates accelerate or decelerate nitrogen cycling?","docAbstract":"Nitrogen (N) is an essential nutrient for plants and animals, and N may be limiting in many western US grassland and shrubland ungulate winter ranges. Ungulates may influence N pools and they may alter N inputs and outputs (losses) to the ecosystem in a number of ways. In this paper we compare the ecosystem effects of ungulate herbivory in two western national parks, Rocky Mountain National Park (RMNP), Colorado, and Yellowstone National Park (YNP), Wyoming. We compare ungulate herbivory effects on N pools, N fluxes, N yields, and plant productivity in the context of the accelerating and decelerating nutrient cycling scenarios [Ecology 79 (1998) 165]. We concluded that the YNP grasslands fit the accelerating nutrient cycling scenario for ungulate herbivory: in response to grazing, grassland plant species abundance was largely unaltered, net annual aboveground primary productivity (NAPP) was stimulated (except during drought), consumption of key N-rich forages by ungulates was moderate and their abundance was sustained, soil N mineralization rates doubled, N pools increased, aboveground N yield increased, and N concentrations increased in most grassland plant species. Grazing in grasslands in RMNP resulted in no consistent detectable acceleration or deceleration of nutrient cycling. Grazing effects in short willow and aspen vegetation types in RMNP fit the decelerating nutrient cycling scenario of Ritchie et al. [Ecology 79 (1998) 165]. Key N-rich forages declined due to herbivory (willows, aspen, herbaceous vegetation). Aboveground production declined, soil N mineralization rates declined, N pools declined (NO3− pools were 30% that of ungrazed controls), and aboveground N yield declined. We believe that the higher ungulate densities and rates of plant consumption in RMNP, large declines in N-rich forage plants, and possibly a tendency of ungulates to move N from willow and aspen vegetation types to other types in RMNP, contributed to deceleration of nutrient cycling in two vegetation types in RMNP compared to acceleration in grasslands in YNP.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0378-1127(03)00133-6","usgsCitation":"Singer, F.J., and Schoenecker, K., 2003, Do ungulates accelerate or decelerate nitrogen cycling?: Forest Ecology and Management, v. 181, no. 1, p. 189-204, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1127(03)00133-6.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"189","endPage":"204","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131323,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"181","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6be4b07f02db63d7c7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Singer, F. J.","contributorId":97848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Singer","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schoenecker, K.A.","contributorId":71120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoenecker","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1015115,"text":"1015115 - 2003 - The rich get richer: Patterns of plant invasions in the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-26T10:23:11","indexId":"1015115","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1701,"text":"Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The rich get richer: Patterns of plant invasions in the United States","docAbstract":"Observations from islands, small-scale experiments, and mathematical models have generally supported the paradigm that habitats of low plant diversity are more vulnerable to plant invasions than areas of high plant diversity. We summarize two independent data sets to show exactly the opposite pattern at multiple spatial scales. More significant, and alarming, is that hotspots of native plant diversity have been far more heavily invaded than areas of low plant diversity in most parts of the United States when considered at larger spatial scales. Our findings suggest that we cannot expect such hotspots to repel invasions, and that the threat of invasion is significant and predictably greatest in these areas.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1890/1540-9295(2003)001[0011:TRGRPO]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Stohlgren, T., Barnett, D., and Kartesz, J., 2003, The rich get richer: Patterns of plant invasions in the United States: Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, v. 1, no. 1, p. 11-14, https://doi.org/10.1890/1540-9295(2003)001[0011:TRGRPO]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"11","endPage":"14","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478547,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/downloads/44558p54f","text":"External Repository"},{"id":131326,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6fe4b07f02db640ea6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stohlgren, T.J.","contributorId":7217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stohlgren","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barnett, D.T.","contributorId":99504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnett","given":"D.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kartesz, J.T.","contributorId":34872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kartesz","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70188546,"text":"70188546 - 2003 - Protocols for long-term monitoring of seabird ecology in the Gulf of Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-14T17:33:42","indexId":"70188546","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Protocols for long-term monitoring of seabird ecology in the Gulf of Alaska","docAbstract":"Seabird populations will need to be monitored for many years to assess both recovery and ecological conditions affecting recovery. Detailed studies of individual seabird colonies and marine ecosystems in the Gulf of Alaska have been conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service under the auspices of damage assessment and restoration programs of the Trustee Council. Much has been learned about factors influencing seabird populations and their capacity to recover from the spill in the Gulf of Alaska. As the restoration program moves toward long-term monitoring of populations, however, protocols and long-term monitoring strategies that focus on key parameters of interest and that are inexpensive, practical, and applicable over a large geographic area need to be developed.
","language":"English","publisher":"Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council","publisherLocation":"Anchorage, AK","usgsCitation":"Piatt, J.F., Byrd, G.V., Harding, A., Kettle, A.B., Kitaysky, S., Litzow, M.A., Roseneau, D.G., Shultz, M.T., and van Pelt, T.I., 2003, Protocols for long-term monitoring of seabird ecology in the Gulf of Alaska.","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342527,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":342526,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.evostc.state.ak.us/index.cfm?FA=searchresults.projectInfo&Project_ID=295"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Cook Inlet, Gulf of Alaska","publicComments":"Final Report: Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Restoration Project 00501","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59424b3fe4b0764e6c65dc9e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Piatt, John F. 0000-0002-4417-5748 jpiatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4417-5748","contributorId":3025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatt","given":"John","email":"jpiatt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":698278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Byrd, G. Vernon","contributorId":88416,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Byrd","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"Vernon","affiliations":[{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":698279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harding, Ann","contributorId":172489,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harding","given":"Ann","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kettle, Arthur B.","contributorId":98064,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kettle","given":"Arthur","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kitaysky, Sasha","contributorId":64751,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kitaysky","given":"Sasha","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Litzow, Michael A.","contributorId":8789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Litzow","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Roseneau, David G.","contributorId":73394,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roseneau","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":698284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Shultz, Michael T.","contributorId":172925,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shultz","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"van Pelt, Thomas I.","contributorId":13392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Pelt","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":698286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":1015117,"text":"1015117 - 2003 - Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci in Greater Sage-Grouse (Centlocerus urophasianus)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-26T10:24:40","indexId":"1015117","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2775,"text":"Molecular Ecology Notes","onlineIssn":"1471-8286","printIssn":"1471-8278","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci in Greater Sage-Grouse (Centlocerus urophasianus)","title":"Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci in Greater Sage-Grouse (Centlocerus urophasianus)","docAbstract":"Primers for five polymorphic microsatellite loci were developed for Greater Sage-Grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) using an enrichment/detection protocol. The high level of polymorphism (nine to 33 alleles) suggests that these loci will be applicable for investigating mating systems and paternity analysis as well as population genetics. Cross-species amplification was successful for each locus in at least two other galliform species.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1046/j.1471-8286.2003.00424.x","usgsCitation":"Taylor, S., Oyler-McCance, S., and Quinn, T., 2003, Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci in Greater Sage-Grouse (Centlocerus urophasianus): Molecular Ecology Notes, v. 3, no. 2, p. 262-264, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-8286.2003.00424.x.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"262","endPage":"264","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478540,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-8286.2003.00424.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":131659,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-03-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa7e4b07f02db6671d5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Taylor, S.E.","contributorId":30948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"S.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Oyler-McCance, S.J.","contributorId":75877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oyler-McCance","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Quinn, T.W.","contributorId":37285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quinn","given":"T.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}