{"pageNumber":"288","pageRowStart":"7175","pageSize":"25","recordCount":16506,"records":[{"id":70027972,"text":"70027972 - 2005 - Parameter and observation importance in modelling virus transport in saturated porous media - Investigations in a homogenous system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:42","indexId":"70027972","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2233,"text":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Parameter and observation importance in modelling virus transport in saturated porous media - Investigations in a homogenous system","docAbstract":"This paper evaluates the importance of seven types of parameters to virus transport: hydraulic conductivity, porosity, dispersivity, sorption rate and distribution coefficient (representing physical-chemical filtration), and in-solution and adsorbed inactivation (representing virus inactivation). The first three parameters relate to subsurface transport in general while the last four, the sorption rate, distribution coefficient, and in-solution and adsorbed inactivation rates, represent the interaction of viruses with the porous medium and their ability to persist. The importance of four types of observations to estimate the virus-transport parameters are evaluated: hydraulic heads, flow, temporal moments of conservative-transport concentrations, and virus concentrations. The evaluations are conducted using one- and two-dimensional homogeneous simulations, designed from published field experiments, and recently developed sensitivity-analysis methods. Sensitivity to the transport-simulation time-step size is used to evaluate the importance of numerical solution difficulties. Results suggest that hydraulic conductivity, porosity, and sorption are most important to virus-transport predictions. Most observation types provide substantial information about hydraulic conductivity and porosity; only virus-concentration observations provide information about sorption and inactivation. The observations are not sufficient to estimate these important parameters uniquely. Even with all observation types, there is extreme parameter correlation between porosity and hydraulic conductivity and between the sorption rate and in-solution inactivation. Parameter estimation was accomplished by fixing values of porosity and in-solution inactivation.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jconhyd.2005.06.012","issn":"01697722","usgsCitation":"Barth, G.R., and Hill, M.C., 2005, Parameter and observation importance in modelling virus transport in saturated porous media - Investigations in a homogenous system: Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, v. 80, no. 3-4, p. 107-129, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconhyd.2005.06.012.","startPage":"107","endPage":"129","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210061,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jconhyd.2005.06.012"},{"id":236866,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"80","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a74cde4b0c8380cd77839","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barth, Gilbert R.","contributorId":15374,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barth","given":"Gilbert","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hill, M. C.","contributorId":48993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70027957,"text":"70027957 - 2005 - Improved prediction of octanol-water partition coefficients from liquid-solute water solubilities and molar volumes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-31T08:22:11","indexId":"70027957","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Improved prediction of octanol-water partition coefficients from liquid-solute water solubilities and molar volumes","docAbstract":"A volume-fraction-based solvent−water partition model for dilute solutes, in which the partition coefficient shows a dependence on solute molar volume (![\"\"](\"https://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/esthag/2005/esthag.2005.39.issue-22/es050729d/production/images/medium/es050729de10001.gif\")
), is adapted to predict the octanol−water partition coefficient (Kow) from the liquid or supercooled-liquid solute water solubility (Sw), or vice versa. The established correlation is tested for a wide range of industrial compounds and pesticides (e.g., halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons, alkylbenzenes, halogenated benzenes, ethers, esters, PAHs, PCBs, organochlorines, organophosphates, carbamates, and amides-ureas-triazines), which comprise a total of 215 test compounds spanning about 10 orders of magnitude in Sw and 8.5 orders of magnitude in Kow. Except for phenols and alcohols, which require special considerations of the Kow data, the correlation predicts the Kow within 0.1 log units for most compounds, much independent of the compound type or the magnitude in Kow. With reliable Swand![\"\"](\"https://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/esthag/2005/esthag.2005.39.issue-22/es050729d/production/images/medium/es050729de10002.gif\")
data for compounds of interest, the correlation provides an effective means for either predicting the unavailable log Kow values or verifying the reliability of the reported log Kow data.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es050729d","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Chiou, C.T., Schmedding, D., and Manes, M., 2005, Improved prediction of octanol-water partition coefficients from liquid-solute water solubilities and molar volumes: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 39, no. 22, p. 8840-8846, https://doi.org/10.1021/es050729d.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"8840","endPage":"8846","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":237215,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210329,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es050729d"}],"volume":"39","issue":"22","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-10-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3963e4b0c8380cd618e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chiou, C. T.","contributorId":97080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chiou","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schmedding, D.W.","contributorId":48750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmedding","given":"D.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Manes, M.","contributorId":17390,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manes","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70027951,"text":"70027951 - 2005 - A decrease in discharge-normalized DOC export by the Yukon River during summer through autumn","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-05T08:12:15","indexId":"70027951","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A decrease in discharge-normalized DOC export by the Yukon River during summer through autumn","docAbstract":"Climate warming is having a dramatic effect on the vegetation distribution and carbon cycling of terrestrial subarctic and arctic ecosystems. Here, we present hydrologic evidence that warming is also affecting the export of dissolved organic carbon and bicarbonate (DOC and HCO3−) at the large basin scale. In the 831,400 km2 Yukon River basin, water discharge (Q) corrected DOC export significantly decreased during the growing season from 1978–80 to 2001–03, indicating a major shift in terrestrial to aquatic C transfer. We conclude that decreased DOC export, relative to total summer through autumn Q, results from increased flow path, residence time, and microbial mineralization of DOC in the soil active layer and groundwater. Counter to current predictions, we argue that continued warming could result in decreased DOC export to the Bering Sea and Arctic Ocean by major subarctic and arctic rivers, due to increased respiration of organic C on land.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/2005GL024413","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Striegl, R.G., Aiken, G., Dornblaser, M., Raymond, P., and Wickland, K., 2005, A decrease in discharge-normalized DOC export by the Yukon River during summer through autumn: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 32, no. 21, p. 1-4, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GL024413.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"4","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":237113,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210248,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2005GL024413"}],"volume":"32","issue":"21","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-11-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e3abe4b0c8380cd46178","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Striegl, Robert G. 0000-0002-8251-4659 rstriegl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8251-4659","contributorId":1630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Striegl","given":"Robert","email":"rstriegl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":415898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aiken, G. R. 0000-0001-8454-0984","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8454-0984","contributorId":14452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiken","given":"G. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dornblaser, M.M.","contributorId":38765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dornblaser","given":"M.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Raymond, P.A.","contributorId":62013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raymond","given":"P.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wickland, K.P. 0000-0002-6400-0590","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6400-0590","contributorId":10786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wickland","given":"K.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70027925,"text":"70027925 - 2005 - Forms and accumulation of soil P in natural and recently restored peatlands - Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:19","indexId":"70027925","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Forms and accumulation of soil P in natural and recently restored peatlands - Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, USA","docAbstract":"Forms, amounts, and accumulation of soil phosphorus (P) were measured in natural and recently restored marshes surrounding Upper Klamath Lake located in south-central Oregon, USA to determine rates of P accumulation in natural marshes and to assess changes in P pools caused by long-term drainage in recently restored marshes. Soil cores were collected from three natural marshes and radiometrically dated to determine recent (l37Cs-based) and long-term (210Pb-based) rates of peat accretion and P accumulation. A second set of soil cores collected from the three natural marshes and from three recently restored marshes was analyzed using a modification of the Hedley procedure to determine the forms and amounts of soil P. Total P in the recently restored marshes (222 to 311 ??g cm-3) was 2-3 times greater than in the natural marshes (103 to 117 ??g cm-3), primarily due to greater bulk density caused by soil subsidence, a consequence of long-term marsh drainage. Occluded Fe- and Al-bound Pi, calcium-bound Pi and residual P were 4 times, 22 times, and 5 times greater, respectively, in the recently restored marshes. More than 67% of the P pool in both the natural and recently restored marshes was present in recalcitrant forms (humic-acid P o and residual P) that provide long-term P storage in peat. Phosphorus accumulation in the natural marshes averaged 0.45 g m-2 yr-1 (137Cs) and 0.40 g m-2 yr-1 (210Pb), providing a benchmark for optimizing P sequestration in the recently restored marshes. Effective P sequestration in the recently restored marshes, however, will depend on re-establishing equilibrium between the P-enriched soils and the P concentration of floodwaters and a hydrologie regime similar to the natural marshes. ?? 2005, The Society of Wetland Scientists.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wetlands","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1672/0277-5212(2005)025[0594:FAAOSP]2.0.CO;2","issn":"02775212","usgsCitation":"Graham, S., Craft, C., McCormick, P., and Aldous, A., 2005, Forms and accumulation of soil P in natural and recently restored peatlands - Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, USA: Wetlands, v. 25, no. 3, p. 594-606, https://doi.org/10.1672/0277-5212(2005)025[0594:FAAOSP]2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"594","endPage":"606","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238516,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211258,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1672/0277-5212(2005)025[0594:FAAOSP]2.0.CO;2"}],"volume":"25","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a135be4b0c8380cd54626","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Graham, S.A.","contributorId":82494,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graham","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Craft, C.B.","contributorId":7077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Craft","given":"C.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McCormick, P.V.","contributorId":93272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCormick","given":"P.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Aldous, A.","contributorId":105517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aldous","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70027912,"text":"70027912 - 2005 - Effects of urbanization on the geomorphology, habitat, hydrology, and fish index of biotic integrity of streams in the Chicago area, Illinois and Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:46","indexId":"70027912","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":718,"text":"American Fisheries Society Symposium","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of urbanization on the geomorphology, habitat, hydrology, and fish index of biotic integrity of streams in the Chicago area, Illinois and Wisconsin","docAbstract":"Effects of urbanization on geomorphic, habitat, and hydrologic characteristics and fish biotic integrity of 45 streams in the Chicago area were examined by the U.S. Geological Survey from 2000 to 2001. An agricultural to urban land-cover gradient approach was used. Landscape characteristics such as texture of surficial deposits, slope, riparian land cover, and stream network position also were examined to determine if these factors influenced the effects of urbanization. Among geomorphic characteristics, channel enlargement occurred in urban streams with a high percent of watershed clayey surficial deposits. Other geomorphic and habitat characteristics such as stream power, fine substrate, and amount of riffles did not correlate with percent watershed urban land but instead correlated with reach slope. Bank erosion, habitat variability, and two habitat indexes did not correlate with watershed urban land. Below 30% watershed urban land, the unit area discharge for a 2-year flood increased with increasing urban land; however, above 30% urban land, unit area discharges for a 2-year flood were variable, most likely due to variations in stormwater management practices, point-source contributions, and the transport index. Streams with greater than 33% watershed urban land had low base flow, but the effects of urbanization on base flow were offset by point-source contributions. Fish index of biotic integrity (IBI) scores were low in streams with greater than 25% watershed urban land. Fish IBI scores also were low in streams with high percentages of watershed clayey surficial deposits and enlarged channels. The amount of riparian forest/wetland buffer had no moderating effect on geomorphic/habitat/hydrologic characteristics and fish IBI scores. Variations in the texture and topography of glacial landforms affected reach slope and some habitat characteristics. Longitudinal profiles were useful for distinguishing differences in local geologic settings among sampled sites.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Fisheries Society Symposium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"08922284","usgsCitation":"Fitzpatrick, F., Diebel, M., Harris, M., Arnold, T., Lutz, M., and Richards, K., 2005, Effects of urbanization on the geomorphology, habitat, hydrology, and fish index of biotic integrity of streams in the Chicago area, Illinois and Wisconsin: American Fisheries Society Symposium, v. 2005, no. 47, p. 87-115.","startPage":"87","endPage":"115","numberOfPages":"29","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238289,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2005","issue":"47","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a082be4b0c8380cd519e2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fitzpatrick, F. A. 0000-0002-9748-7075","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9748-7075","contributorId":61446,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitzpatrick","given":"F. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Diebel, M.W.","contributorId":103465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diebel","given":"M.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harris, M.A.","contributorId":101278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Arnold, T.L.","contributorId":11810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arnold","given":"T.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lutz, M.A.","contributorId":88945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lutz","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Richards, K.D.","contributorId":28635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richards","given":"K.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70027901,"text":"70027901 - 2005 - Aqueous stability of gadolinium in surface waters receiving sewage treatment plant effluent Boulder Creek, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-05T07:40:56","indexId":"70027901","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Aqueous stability of gadolinium in surface waters receiving sewage treatment plant effluent Boulder Creek, Colorado","docAbstract":"In many surface waters, sewage treatment plant (STP) effluent is a substantial source of both regulated and unregulated contaminants, including a suite of complex organic compounds derived from household chemicals, pharmaceutical, and industrial and medical byproducts. In addition, STP effluents in some urban areas have also been shown to have a positive gadolinium (Gd) anomaly in the rare earth element (REE) pattern, with the Gd derived from its use in medical facilities. REE concentrations are relatively easy to measure compared to many organic wastewater compounds and may provide a more widely utilized tracer of STP effluents. To evaluate whether sewage treatment plant-associated Gd is a useful tracer of treatment plant effluent, an investigation of the occurrence, fate, and transport of rare earth elements was undertaken. The rare earth element patterns of four of five STP effluents sampled display positive Gd anomalies. The one site that did not have a Gd anomaly serves a small community, population 1200, with no medical facilities. Biosolids from a large metropolitan STP are not enriched in Gd even though the effluent is, suggesting that a substantial fraction of Gd remains in the aqueous phase through routine treatment plant operation. To evaluate whether STP-derived Gd persists in the fluvial environment, a 14-km study reach downstream of an STP was sampled. Gadolinium anomalies were present at all five downstream sites, but the magnitude of the anomaly decreased. Effluent from STPs is a complex mixture of organic and inorganic constituents, and to better understand the chemical interactions and their effect on REEs, the aqueous speciation was modeled using comprehensive chemical analyses of water samples collected downstream of STP input. These calculations suggest that the REEs will likely remain dissolved because phosphate and carbonate complexes dominate over free REE ions. This study supports the application of Gd anomalies as a useful tracer of urban wastewater.","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es048456u","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Verplanck, P., Taylor, H.E., Nordstrom, D.K., and Barber, L.B., 2005, Aqueous stability of gadolinium in surface waters receiving sewage treatment plant effluent Boulder Creek, Colorado: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 39, no. 18, p. 6923-6929, https://doi.org/10.1021/es048456u.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"6923","endPage":"6929","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":210991,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es048456u"},{"id":238114,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Boulder Creek","volume":"39","issue":"18","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-08-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ed1ae4b0c8380cd4961c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Verplanck, P. L. 0000-0002-3653-6419","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3653-6419","contributorId":106565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verplanck","given":"P. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Taylor, Howard E. hetaylor@usgs.gov","contributorId":1551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Howard","email":"hetaylor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":415725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nordstrom, D. Kirk 0000-0003-3283-5136 dkn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3283-5136","contributorId":749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nordstrom","given":"D.","email":"dkn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Kirk","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":415727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Barber, L. B.","contributorId":64602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barber","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70027898,"text":"70027898 - 2005 - Effect of ferric oxyhydroxide grain coatings on the transport of bacteriophage PRD1 and Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in saturated porous media","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-05T07:55:39","indexId":"70027898","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of ferric oxyhydroxide grain coatings on the transport of bacteriophage PRD1 and Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in saturated porous media","docAbstract":"To test the effect of geochemical heterogeneity on microorganism transport in saturated porous media, we measured the removal of two microorganisms, the bacteriophage PRD1 and oocysts of the protozoan parasite Cryptosporidium parvum, in flow-through columns of quartz sand coated by different amounts of a ferric oxyhydroxide. The experiments were conducted over ranges of ferric oxyhydroxide coating fraction of λ = 0−0.12 for PRD1 and from λ = 0−0.32 for the oocysts at pH 5.6−5.8 and 10-4 M ionic strength. To determine the effect of pH on the transport of the oocysts, experiments were also conducted over a pH range of 5.7−10.0 at a coating fraction of λ = 0.04. Collision (attachment) efficiencies increased as the fraction of ferric oxyhydroxide coated quartz sand increased, from α = 0.0071 to 0.13 over λ = 0−0.12 for PRD1 and from α = 0.059 to 0.75 over λ = 0−0.32 for the oocysts. Increasing the pH from 5.7 to 10.0 resulted in a decrease in the oocyst collision efficiency as the pH exceeded the expected point of zero charge of the ferric oxyhydroxide coatings. The collision efficiencies correlated very well with the fraction of quartz sand coated by the ferric oxyhydroxide for PRD1 but not as well for the oocysts.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es050159h","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Abudalo, R., Bogatsu, Y., Ryan, J.N., Harvey, R., Metge, D., and Elimelech, M., 2005, Effect of ferric oxyhydroxide grain coatings on the transport of bacteriophage PRD1 and Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in saturated porous media: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 39, no. 17, p. 6412-6419, https://doi.org/10.1021/es050159h.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"6412","endPage":"6419","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":210968,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es050159h"},{"id":238079,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"17","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-07-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a05dde4b0c8380cd50fd1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Abudalo, R.A.","contributorId":64445,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abudalo","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bogatsu, Y.G.","contributorId":10218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bogatsu","given":"Y.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ryan, J. N.","contributorId":102649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryan","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Harvey, R.W. 0000-0002-2791-8503","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2791-8503","contributorId":11757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"R.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Metge, D.W.","contributorId":51477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Metge","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Elimelech, M.","contributorId":105469,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elimelech","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70027889,"text":"70027889 - 2005 - Chloroethene biodegradation in sediments at 4°C","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-05T07:50:11","indexId":"70027889","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":850,"text":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chloroethene biodegradation in sediments at 4°C","docAbstract":"\n
Microbial reductive dechlorination of [1,2-14C]trichloroethene to [14C]cis-dichloroethene and [14C]vinyl chloride was observed at 4°C in anoxic microcosms prepared with cold temperature-adapted aquifer and river sediments from Alaska. Microbial anaerobic oxidation of [1,2-14C]cis-dichloroethene and [1,2-14C]vinyl chloride to 14CO2 also was observed under these conditions.
\n
\n
The effects of impervious area, septic leach-field effluent, and a riparian wetland on runoff generation were studied in three small (0.38–0.56 km2) headwater catchments that represent a range of suburban development (high density residential, medium density residential, and undeveloped) within the Croton River basin, 70 km north of New York City. Precipitation, stream discharge, and groundwater levels were monitored at 10–30 min intervals for 1 year, and stream water and groundwater samples were collected biweekly for δ18O, NO3−, and SO42− analysis for more than 2 years during an overlapping period in 2000–2002. Data from 27 storms confirmed that peak magnitudes increased and recession time decreased with increasing development, but lags in peak arrival and peak discharge/mean discharge were greatest in the medium density residential catchment, which contains a wetland in which storm runoff is retained before entering the stream. Baseflow during a dry period from Aug. 2001–Feb. 2002 was greatest in the high-density residential catchment, presumably from the discharge of septic effluent through the shallow groundwater system and into the stream. In contrast, moderate flows during a wet period from Mar.–Aug. 2002 were greatest in the undeveloped catchment, possibly as a result of greater subsurface storage or greater hydraulic conductivity at this site. The mean residence time of baseflow was about 30 weeks at all three catchments, indicating that human influence was insufficient to greatly affect the groundwater recharge and discharge properties that determine catchment residence time. These results suggest that while suburban development and its associated impervious surfaces and storm drains accelerate the transport of storm runoff into streams, the combined effects of remnant natural landscape features such as wetlands and human alterations such as deep groundwater supply and septic systems can change the expected effects of human development on storm runoff and groundwater recharge.
Humans have exerted large‐scale changes on the terrestrial biosphere, primarily through agriculture; however, the impacts of such changes on the hydrologic cycle are poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that the conversion of natural rangeland ecosystems to agricultural ecosystems impacts the subsurface portion of the hydrologic cycle by changing groundwater recharge and flushing salts to underlying aquifers. The hypothesis was examined through point and areal studies investigating the effects of land use/land cover (LU/LC) changes on groundwater recharge and solute transport in the Amargosa Desert (AD) in Nevada and in the High Plains (HP) in Texas, US. Studies use the fact that matric (pore‐water‐pressure) potential and environmental‐tracer profiles in thick unsaturated zones archive past changes in recharging fluxes. Results show that recharge is related to LU/LC as follows: discharge through evapotranspiration (i.e., no recharge; upward fluxes <0.1 mm yr−1) in natural rangeland ecosystems (low matric potentials; high chloride and nitrate concentrations); moderate‐to‐high recharge in irrigated agricultural ecosystems (high matric potentials; low‐to‐moderate chloride and nitrate concentrations) (AD recharge: ∼130–640 mm yr−1); and moderate recharge in nonirrigated (dryland) agricultural ecosystems (high matric potentials; low chloride and nitrate concentrations, and increasing groundwater levels) (HP recharge: ∼9–32 mm yr−1). Replacement of rangeland with agriculture changed flow directions from upward (discharge) to downward (recharge). Recent replacement of rangeland with irrigated ecosystems was documented through downward displacement of chloride and nitrate fronts. Thick unsaturated zones contain a reservoir of salts that are readily mobilized under increased recharge related to LU/LC changes, potentially degrading groundwater quality. Sustainable land use requires quantitative knowledge of the linkages between ecosystem change, recharge, and groundwater quality.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.01026.x","usgsCitation":"Scanlon, B., Reedy, R.C., Stonestrom, D.A., Prudic, D.E., and Dennehy, K.F., 2005, Impact of land use and land cover change on groundwater recharge and quality in the southwestern US: Global Change Biology, v. 11, no. 10, p. 1577-1593, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.01026.x.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"1577","endPage":"1593","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":238146,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-09-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a38bfe4b0c8380cd61696","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scanlon, Bridget R.","contributorId":74093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scanlon","given":"Bridget R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reedy, Robert C.","contributorId":187509,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reedy","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stonestrom, David A. 0000-0001-7883-3385 dastones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7883-3385","contributorId":2280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stonestrom","given":"David","email":"dastones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":415445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Prudic, David E. deprudic@usgs.gov","contributorId":3430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prudic","given":"David","email":"deprudic@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":415441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dennehy, Kevin F. kdennehy@usgs.gov","contributorId":1128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dennehy","given":"Kevin","email":"kdennehy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":509,"text":"Office of the Associate Director for Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":415442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70027828,"text":"70027828 - 2005 - Percolation and transport in a sandy soil under a natural hydraulic gradient","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-31T08:23:09","indexId":"70027828","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Percolation and transport in a sandy soil under a natural hydraulic gradient","docAbstract":"Unsaturated flow and transport under a natural hydraulic gradient in a Mediterranean climate were investigated with a field tracer experiment combined with laboratory analyses and numerical modeling. Bromide was applied to the surface of a sandy soil during the dry season. During the subsequent rainy season, repeated sediment sampling tracked the movement of bromide through the profile. Analysis of data on moisture content, matric pressure, unsaturated hydraulic conductivity, bulk density, and soil texture and structure provides insights into parameterization and use of the advective‐dispersive modeling approach. Capturing the gross features of tracer and moisture movement with model simulations required an order‐of‐magnitude increase in laboratory‐measured hydraulic conductivity. Wetting curve characteristics better represented field results, calling into question the routine estimation of hydraulic characteristics based only on drying conditions. Measured increases in profile moisture exceeded cumulative precipitation in early winter, indicating that gains from dew drip can exceed losses from evapotranspiration during periods of heavy (“Tule”) fog. A single‐continuum advective‐dispersive modeling approach could not reproduce a peak of bromide that was retained near the soil surface for over 3 years. Modeling of this feature required slow exchange of solute at a transfer rate of 0.5–1 × 10−4 d−1 with an immobile volume approaching the residual moisture content.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2005WR004061","usgsCitation":"Green, C.T., Stonestrom, D.A., Bekins, B.A., Akstin, K.C., and Schulz, M., 2005, Percolation and transport in a sandy soil under a natural hydraulic gradient: Water Resources Research, v. 41, no. 10, W10414; 17 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2005WR004061.","productDescription":"W10414; 17 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":238000,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-10-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7674e4b0c8380cd7810f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Green, Christopher T. 0000-0002-6480-8194 ctgreen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6480-8194","contributorId":1343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"Christopher","email":"ctgreen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":415416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stonestrom, David A. 0000-0001-7883-3385 dastones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7883-3385","contributorId":2280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stonestrom","given":"David","email":"dastones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":415417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bekins, Barbara A. 0000-0002-1411-6018 babekins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1411-6018","contributorId":1348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bekins","given":"Barbara","email":"babekins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":415418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Akstin, Katherine C.","contributorId":88023,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Akstin","given":"Katherine","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schulz, Marjorie S. 0000-0001-5597-6447 mschulz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5597-6447","contributorId":3720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schulz","given":"Marjorie S.","email":"mschulz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":415415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70027826,"text":"70027826 - 2005 - Effects of stream flow intermittency on riparian vegetation of a semiarid region river (San Pedro River, Arizona)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:46","indexId":"70027826","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3301,"text":"River Research and Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of stream flow intermittency on riparian vegetation of a semiarid region river (San Pedro River, Arizona)","docAbstract":"The San Pedro River in the southwestern United States retains a natural flood regime and has several reaches with perennial stream flow and shallow ground water. However, much of the river flows intermittently. Urbanization-linked declines in regional ground-water levels have raised concerns over the future status of the riverine ecosystem in some parts of the river, while restoration-linked decreases in agricultural ground-water pumping are expected to increase stream flows in other parts. This study describes the response of the streamside herbaceous vegetation to changes in stream flow permanence. During the early summer dry season, streamside herbaceous cover and species richness declined continuously across spatial gradients of flow permanence, and composition shifted from hydric to mesic species at sites with more intermittent flow. Hydrologic threshold values were evident for one plant functional group: Schoenoplectus acutus, Juncus torreyi, and other hydric riparian plants declined sharply in cover with loss of perennial stream flow. In contrast, cover of mesic riparian perennials (including Cynodon dactylon, an introduced species) increased at sites with intermittent flow. Patterns of hydric and mesic riparian annuals varied by season: in the early summer dry season their cover declined continuously as flow became more intermittent, while in the late summer wet season their cover increased as the flow became more intermittent. Periodic drought at the intermittent sites may increase opportunities for establishment of these annuals during the monsoonal flood season. During the late summer flood season, stream flow was present at most sites, and fewer vegetation traits were correlated with flow permanence; cover and richness were correlated with other environmental factors including site elevation and substrate nitrate level and particle size. Although perennial-flow and intermittent-flow sites support different streamside plant communities, all of the plant functional groups are abundant at perennial-flow sites when viewing the ecosystem at broader spatial and temporal scales: mesic riparian perennials are common in the floodplain zone adjacent to the river channel and late-summer hydric and mesic annuals are periodically abundant after large floods. Copyright ?? 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"River Research and Applications","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/rra.858","issn":"15351459","usgsCitation":"Stromberg, J., Bagstad, K., Leenhouts, J., Lite, S., and Makings, E., 2005, Effects of stream flow intermittency on riparian vegetation of a semiarid region river (San Pedro River, Arizona): River Research and Applications, v. 21, no. 8, p. 925-938, https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.858.","startPage":"925","endPage":"938","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":237965,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210894,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rra.858"}],"volume":"21","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a07e2e4b0c8380cd518a0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stromberg, J.C.","contributorId":81455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stromberg","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bagstad, K.J.","contributorId":45505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bagstad","given":"K.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Leenhouts, J.M.","contributorId":103861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leenhouts","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lite, S.J.","contributorId":35535,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lite","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Makings, E.","contributorId":43560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Makings","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70027819,"text":"70027819 - 2005 - Combined use of 15N and 18O of nitrate and 11B to evaluate nitrate contamination in groundwater","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:18","indexId":"70027819","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Combined use of 15N and 18O of nitrate and 11B to evaluate nitrate contamination in groundwater","docAbstract":"Isotopic composition of NO3 (??15NNO3 and ??18ONO3) and B (??11B) were used to evaluate NO3 contamination and identify geochemical processes occurring in a hydrologically complex Basin and Range valley in northern Nevada with multiple potential sources of NO3. Combined use of these isotopes may be a useful tool in identifying NO3 sources because NO3 and B co-migrate in many environmental settings, their isotopes are fractionated by different environmental processes, and because wastewater and fertilizers may have distinct isotopic signatures for N and B. The principal cause of elevated NO3 concentrations in residential parts of the study area is wastewater and not natural NO3 or fertilizers. This is indicated by some samples with elevated NO3 concentrations plotting along ??15NNO3 and NO3 mixing lines between natural NO3 from the study area and theoretical septic-system effluent. This conclusion is supported by the presence of caffeine in one sample and the absence of samples with elevated NO3 concentrations that fall along mixing lines between natural NO3 and theoretical percolate below fertilized lawns. Nitrogen isotopes alone could not be used to determine NO3 sources in several wells because denitrification blurred the original isotopic signatures. The range of ??11B values in native ground water in the study area (-8.2??? to +21.2???) is large. The samples with the low ??11B values have a geochemical signature characteristic of hydrothermal systems. Physical and chemical data suggest B is not being strongly fractionated by adsorption onto clays. ??11B values from local STP effluent (-2.7???) and wash water from a domestic washing machine (-5.7???) were used to plot mixing lines between wastewater and native ground water. In general, wells with elevated NO3 concentrations fell along mixing lines between wastewater and background water on plots of ??11B against 1/B and Cl/B. Combined use of ??15N and ??11B in the study area was generally successful in identifying contaminant sources and processes that are occurring, however, it is likely to be more successful in simpler settings with a well-characterized ??11B value for background wells.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2005.04.007","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Seiler, R.L., 2005, Combined use of 15N and 18O of nitrate and 11B to evaluate nitrate contamination in groundwater: Applied Geochemistry, v. 20, no. 9, p. 1626-1636, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2005.04.007.","startPage":"1626","endPage":"1636","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238433,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211205,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2005.04.007"}],"volume":"20","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f7dbe4b0c8380cd4cd2d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Seiler, R. L.","contributorId":87546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seiler","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70027787,"text":"70027787 - 2005 - Use of relational databases to evaluate regional petroleum accumulation, groundwater flow, and CO2 sequestration in Kansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:50","indexId":"70027787","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":701,"text":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of relational databases to evaluate regional petroleum accumulation, groundwater flow, and CO2 sequestration in Kansas","docAbstract":"Large-scale relational databases and geographic information system tools are used to integrate temperature, pressure, and water geo-chemistry data from numerous wells to better understand regional-scale geothermal and hydrogeological regimes of the lower Paleozoic aquifer systems in the mid-continent and to evaluate their potential for geologic CO2 sequestration. The lower Paleozoic (Cambrian to Mississippian) aquifer systems in Kansas, Missouri, and Oklahoma comprise one of the largest regional-scale saline aquifer systems in North America. Understanding hydrologic conditions and processes of these regional-scale aquifer systems provides insight to the evolution of the various sedimentary basins, migration of hydrocarbons out of the Anadarko and Arkoma basins, and the distribution of Arbuckle petroleum reservoirs across Kansas and provides a basis to evaluate CO2 sequestration potential. The Cambrian and Ordovician stratigraphic units form a saline aquifer that is in hydrologic continuity with the freshwater recharge from the Ozark plateau and along the Nemaha anticline. The hydrologic continuity with areas of freshwater recharge provides an explanation for the apparent underpressure in the Arbuckle Group. Copyright ?? 2005. The American Association of Petroleum Geologists. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1306/07190504086","issn":"01491423","usgsCitation":"Carr, T., Merriam, D.F., and Bartley, J., 2005, Use of relational databases to evaluate regional petroleum accumulation, groundwater flow, and CO2 sequestration in Kansas: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 89, no. 12, p. 1607-1627, https://doi.org/10.1306/07190504086.","startPage":"1607","endPage":"1627","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":237961,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210891,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1306/07190504086"}],"volume":"89","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbf6ce4b08c986b329b58","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carr, T.R.","contributorId":37094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carr","given":"T.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Merriam, D. F.","contributorId":63175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merriam","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bartley, J.D.","contributorId":88533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartley","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70027786,"text":"70027786 - 2005 - Nitrogen and carbon flow from rock to water: Regulation through soil biogeochemical processes, Mokelumne River watershed, California, and Grand Valley, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-31T10:06:06","indexId":"70027786","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2318,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nitrogen and carbon flow from rock to water: Regulation through soil biogeochemical processes, Mokelumne River watershed, California, and Grand Valley, Colorado","docAbstract":"Soil denitrification is an ecologically important nitrogen removal mechanism that releases to the atmosphere the greenhouse gas N2O, an intermediate product from the reduction of NO3- to N 2. In this study we evaluate the relationship between soil carbon and denitrification potential in watersheds with bedrock acting as a nonpoint source of nitrogen, testing the hypothesis that nitrate leaching to stream water is in part regulated by denitrification. Two sites, one in a Mediterranean climate and the other in an arid climate, were investigated to understand the interplay between carbon and denitrification potential. Both sites included carbonaceous bedrock with relatively high nitrogen concentrations (> 1,000 mg N kg-1) and had low background nitrogen concentrations in surface and groundwater. There was a net accumulation of carbon and nitrogen in soil relative to the corresponding bedrock, with the exception of carbonaceous shale from the arid site. There the concentration of carbon in the soil (15,620 mg C kg-1) was less than the shale parent (22,460 mg C kg-1), consistent with the bedrock being a source of soil carbon. Rates of denitrification potential (0.5-83 ??g N kg-1 hr-1) derived from laboratory incubations appeared to be related to the ratio of dissolved organic carbon and nitrate extracted from soils. These data indicate that microbial processes such as denitrification can help maintain background nitrogen concentrations to tens of ??M N in relatively undisturbed ecosystems when nitrogen inputs from weathering bedrock are accompanied by sufficient organic carbon concentrations to promote microbial nitrogen transformations.","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/2004JF000124","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Holloway, J., and Smith, R.L., 2005, Nitrogen and carbon flow from rock to water: Regulation through soil biogeochemical processes, Mokelumne River watershed, California, and Grand Valley, Colorado: Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface, v. 110, no. 1, F01010, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JF000124.","productDescription":"F01010","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":489849,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2004jf000124","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":211251,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2004JF000124"},{"id":238507,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"110","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-02-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a66bfe4b0c8380cd72f78","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holloway, J.M. 0000-0003-3603-7668","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3603-7668","contributorId":103041,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holloway","given":"J.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, R. L.","contributorId":93904,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":415211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70027781,"text":"70027781 - 2005 - Part 2: A field study of enhanced remediation of Toluene in the vadose zone using a nutrient solution","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-31T09:35:49","indexId":"70027781","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3728,"text":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","onlineIssn":"1573-2932","printIssn":"0049-6979","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Part 2: A field study of enhanced remediation of Toluene in the vadose zone using a nutrient solution","docAbstract":"The objective of this study was to test the effectiveness of a nitrate-rich nutrient solution and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to enhance in-situ microbial remediation of toluene in the unsaturated zone. Three sand-filled plots were tested in three phases (each phase lasting approximately 2 weeks). During the control phase, toluene was applied uniformly via sprinkler irrigation. Passive remediation was allowed to occur during this phase. A modified Hoagland nutrient solution, concentrated in 150 L of water, was tested during the second phase. The final phase involved addition of 230 moles of H2O2 in 150 L of water to increase the available oxygen needed for aerobic biodegradation.
During the first phase, measured toluene concentrations in soil gas were reduced from 120 ppm to 25 ppm in 14 days. After the addition of nutrients during the second phase, concentrations were reduced from 90 ppm to about 8 ppm within 14 days, and for the third phase (H2O2), toluene concentrations were about 1 ppm after only 5 days. Initial results suggest that this method could be an effective means of remediating a contaminated site, directly after a BTEX spill, without the intrusiveness and high cost of other abatement technologies such as bioventing or soil-vapor extraction. However, further tests need to be completed to determine the effect of each of the BTEX components.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s11270-005-3584-4","issn":"00496979","usgsCitation":"Tindall, J., Weeks, E., and Friedel, M., 2005, Part 2: A field study of enhanced remediation of Toluene in the vadose zone using a nutrient solution: Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, v. 168, no. 1-4, p. 359-389, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-005-3584-4.","productDescription":"31 p.","startPage":"359","endPage":"389","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":238431,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211203,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11270-005-3584-4"}],"volume":"168","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7518e4b0c8380cd779b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tindall, J.A.","contributorId":25711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tindall","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weeks, E.P.","contributorId":38514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weeks","given":"E.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Friedel, M.","contributorId":60846,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedel","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70027771,"text":"70027771 - 2005 - Reconstructing a mid-Cretaceous landscape from paleosols in western Canada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:49","indexId":"70027771","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2451,"text":"Journal of Sedimentary Research","onlineIssn":"1938-3681","printIssn":"1527-1404","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reconstructing a mid-Cretaceous landscape from paleosols in western Canada","docAbstract":"The Albian Stage of the mid-Cretaceous was a time of equable climate conditions with high sea levels and broad shallow epeiric seas that may have had a moderating affect on continental climates. A Late Albian landscape surface that developed during a regression and subsequent sea-level rise in the Western Canada Foreland Basin is reconstructed on the basis of correlation of paleosols penetrated by cores through the Paddy Member of the Peace River Formation. Reconstruction of this landscape refines chronostratigraphic relationships and will benefit future paleoclimatological studies milizing continental sphaerosiderite proxy records. The paleosols developed in estuarine sandstones and mudstones, and they exhibit evidence of a polygenetic history. Upon initial exposure and pedogenesis, the Paddy Member developed deeply weathered, well-drained cumulative soil profiles. Later stages of pedogenesis were characterized by hydromorphic soil conditions. The stages of soil development interpreted for the Paddy Member correlate with inferred stages of pedogenic development in time-equivalent formations located both basinward and downslope (upper Viking Formation), and landward and upslope (Boulder Creek Formation). On the basis of the genetic similarity among paleosols in these three correlative formations, the paleosols are interpreted as having formed along a single, continuous landscape surface. Results of this study indicate that the catena concept of pedogenesis along sloping landscapes is applicable to ancient successions. Sphaerosiderites in the Paddy Mem ber paleosols are used to provide proxy values for meteoric ??18O values at 52?? N paleolatitude in the Cretaceous Western Interior Basin. The meteoric ??18O values are used to refine existing interpretations about the mid-Cretaceous paleolatitudinal gradient in meteoric ?? 18O values, and the mid-Cretaceous hydrologic cycle. Copyright ?? 2005, SEPM (Society for Sedimentary Geology).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Sedimentary Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2110/jsr.2005.074","issn":"15271404","usgsCitation":"Ufnar, D.F., Gonzalez, L.A., Ludvigson, G.A., Brenner, R.L., Witzke, B., and Leckie, D., 2005, Reconstructing a mid-Cretaceous landscape from paleosols in western Canada: Journal of Sedimentary Research, v. 75, no. 6, p. 984-996, https://doi.org/10.2110/jsr.2005.074.","startPage":"984","endPage":"996","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477829,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.722.2603","text":"External Repository"},{"id":211099,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2110/jsr.2005.074"},{"id":238282,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"75","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-11-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a24de4b0e8fec6cdb560","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ufnar, David F.","contributorId":64371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ufnar","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gonzalez, Luis A.","contributorId":20922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gonzalez","given":"Luis","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ludvigson, Greg A.","contributorId":80803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ludvigson","given":"Greg","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brenner, Richard L.","contributorId":94457,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brenner","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":13387,"text":"Alaska Department of Fish and Game - Commercial Fisheries, P.O. Box 669, Cordova, AK 99574","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":415145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Witzke, B.J.","contributorId":12976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Witzke","given":"B.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Leckie, D.","contributorId":98103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leckie","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70029135,"text":"70029135 - 2005 - Primary production in an impounded baldcypress swamp (Taxodium distichum) at the northern limit of the range","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:48","indexId":"70029135","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Primary production in an impounded baldcypress swamp (Taxodium distichum) at the northern limit of the range","docAbstract":"The ability of baldcypress (Taxodium distichum)swamps to maintain themselves near the northern limit of their range depends on their levels of production, which is not only are response to climate but also to local environmental factors(e.g., impoundment). We asked if primary production was reduced under impounded conditions and if species' responses to impoundment were individualistic or more generalized. To examine long-term production trends in a permanently impounded baldcypress swamp, a 6-year study of leaf litterfall was conducted in Buttonland Swamp, Illinois, which had been impounded for 10 years before the beginning of the study. Buttonland Swamp is at the northern boundary of the baldcypress swamp region along the Cache River, Illinois, in the Mississippi River Alluvial Valley of the United States. When the litter production of impounded sites was compared to those with natural hydrology in the same region, impounded sites had about half of the total litterfall of natural sites. Overall, leaf litterfall rates declined during the study(201 vs. 113 gm-2 yr-1), but the pattern was negatively correlated with water depth, which explained 97% of the variation in the data. Along the transect with the lowest mean minimum water depth(<0.5 cm), leaf litterfall decreased linearly over 6 years from 377 to 154gm-2 yr-1. Total leaf litterfall rates were lower at the other three depths(5, 43, and 49 cm mean minimum water depths)and remained below 200 gm-2 yr -1 throughout the study. Acer saccharinum, Nyssa aquatica, and Salix nigra were most responsible for the decline in total leaf litterfall. Amounts of leaf litterfall of T. distichum and Liquidambar styraciflua also generally decreased, while that of Cephalanthus occidentalis increased overtime. Because species' responses to environmental factors such as impoundment are individualistic, models should be based on the responses of individual species, rather than on communities. Our study further suggests that the effects of climate change on impounded swamps may differ from those with natural hydrology, since impounded swamps already have reduced production levels. This finding is particularly relevant since the hydrology of the majority of the world's riverine ecosystems has been altered. ?? Springer 2005.","largerWorkTitle":"Wetlands Ecology and Management","language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s11273-003-5024-9","issn":"09234861","usgsCitation":"Middleton, B., and McKee, K., 2005, Primary production in an impounded baldcypress swamp (Taxodium distichum) at the northern limit of the range, in Wetlands Ecology and Management, v. 13, no. 1, p. 15-24, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11273-003-5024-9.","startPage":"15","endPage":"24","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210742,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11273-003-5024-9"},{"id":237759,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8b92e4b0c8380cd7e2a6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Middleton, B.A. 0000-0002-1220-2326 middletonb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1220-2326","contributorId":89108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Middleton","given":"B.A.","email":"middletonb@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":421460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McKee, K.L. 0000-0001-7042-670X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7042-670X","contributorId":77113,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKee","given":"K.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70029113,"text":"70029113 - 2005 - Phytoplankton community ecology: Principles applied in San Francisco Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-31T09:51:14","indexId":"70029113","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2663,"text":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Phytoplankton community ecology: Principles applied in San Francisco Bay","docAbstract":"In his seminal 1961 paper 'The paradox of the plankton' Am Nat 95:137-147, G. E. Hutchinson asked why many species of phytoplankton can coexist while competing for a small number of limiting resources in an unstructured habitat. Hutchinson anticipated the resolution of his paradox, recognizing that communities are organized by processes beyond resource competition including species interactions, habitat variability and dispersal. Since 1961 we have made fundamental discoveries that have revolutionized our conceptual understanding of pelagic ecology, including (1) habitat heterogeneity at all scales relevant to plankton population dynamics, (2) community shifts in response to global climate cycles, (3) fast and selective predation as a powerful top-down force to shape phytoplankton communities, (4) turbulent mixing as a physical process that selects species on the basis of their size and form, (5) mixotrophy that allows some algal species to tap organic nutrient pools and function at multiple trophic levels, (6) taxon-specific life cycles including alternating vegetative and resting stages, and (7) the pelagic as an open system where communities are continually reshaped by species immigration. Here we synthesize these discoveries to show how they validate and amplify Hutchinson's hypothesis that phytoplankton communities are assembled by many processes. Our synthesis is built around observations of phytoplankton species composition from a decade of study in San Francisco Bay, used as a case study to illustrate the contemporary principles of phytoplankton community ecology. We apply these principles to address 2 central questions: (1) What processes assemble phytoplankton communities? (2) How does phytoplankton community composition influence ecosystem functions such as production in pelagic and benthic food webs?
","language":"English","publisher":"Marine Ecology","doi":"10.3354/meps285011","issn":"01718630","usgsCitation":"Cloern, J., and Dufford, R., 2005, Phytoplankton community ecology: Principles applied in San Francisco Bay: Marine Ecology Progress Series, v. 285, p. 11-28, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps285011.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"11","endPage":"28","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477795,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/meps285011","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":237395,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","volume":"285","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7b37e4b0c8380cd79307","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cloern, J. E.","contributorId":59453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cloern","given":"J. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dufford, R.","contributorId":8666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dufford","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70027769,"text":"70027769 - 2005 - Assessing water source and channel type as factors affecting benthic macroinvertebrate and periphyton assemblages in the highly urbanized Santa Ana River Basin, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-08T12:59:53","indexId":"70027769","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":718,"text":"American Fisheries Society Symposium","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing water source and channel type as factors affecting benthic macroinvertebrate and periphyton assemblages in the highly urbanized Santa Ana River Basin, California","docAbstract":"The Santa Ana River basin is the largest stream system in Southern California and includes a densely populated coastal area. Extensive urbanization has altered the geomorphology and hydrology of the streams, adversely affecting aquatic communities. We studied macroinvertebrate and periphyton assemblages in relation to two categorical features of the highly engineered hydrologic system-water source and channel type. Four water sources were identified-natural, urban-impacted groundwater, urban runoff, and treated wastewater. Three channel types were identified-natural, channelized with natural bottom, and concrete-lined. Nineteen sites, covering the range of these two categorical features, were sampled in summer 2000. To minimize the effects of different substrate types among sites, artificial substrates were used for assessing macroinvertebrate and periphyton assemblages. Physical and chemical variables and metrics calculated from macroinvertebrate and periphyton assemblage data were compared among water sources and channel types using analysis of variance and multiple comparison tests. Macroinvertebrate metrics exhibiting significant (P < 0.05) differences between water sources included taxa and Ephemeroptera-Plecoptera-Trichoptera richness, relative richness and abundance of nonchironomid dipterans, orthoclads, oligochaetes, and some functional-feeding groups such as parasites and shredders. Periphyton metrics showing significant differences between water sources included blue-green algae biovolume and relative abundance of nitrogen heterotrophic, eutrophic, motile, and pollution-sensitive diatoms. The relative abundance of trichopterans, tanytarsini chironomids, noninsects, and filter feeders, as well as the relative richness and abundance of diatoms, were significantly different between channel types. Most physical variables were related to channel type, whereas chemical variables and some physical variables (e.g., discharge, velocity, and channel width) were related to water source. These associations were reflected in correlations between metrics, chemical variables, and physical variables. Significant improvements in the aquatic ecosystem of the Santa Ana River basin are possible with management actions such as conversion of concrete-lined channels to channelized streams with natural bottoms that can still maintain flood control to protect life and property.","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","issn":"08922284","usgsCitation":"Burton, C.A., Brown, L.R., and Belitz, K., 2005, Assessing water source and channel type as factors affecting benthic macroinvertebrate and periphyton assemblages in the highly urbanized Santa Ana River Basin, California: American Fisheries Society Symposium, v. 2005, no. 47, p. 239-262.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"239","endPage":"262","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":238245,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2005","issue":"47","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059edf5e4b0c8380cd49b36","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burton, Carmen A. 0000-0002-6381-8833 caburton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6381-8833","contributorId":444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burton","given":"Carmen","email":"caburton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":415138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brown, Larry R. 0000-0001-6702-4531 lrbrown@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6702-4531","contributorId":1717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Larry","email":"lrbrown@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":415137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Belitz, Kenneth 0000-0003-4481-2345 kbelitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-2345","contributorId":442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belitz","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbelitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":415136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70027746,"text":"70027746 - 2005 - Delineating copper accumulation pathways for the freshwater bivalve Corbicula using stable copper isotopes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-31T10:56:15","indexId":"70027746","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Delineating copper accumulation pathways for the freshwater bivalve Corbicula using stable copper isotopes","docAbstract":"Delineation of metal uptake routes in aquatic invertebrates is critical for characterizing bioaccumulation dynamics and assessing risks associated with metal exposure. Here we demonstrate that Cu stable isotopic ratios can be manipulated in both exposure media and algae to determine the efflux rate constant (ke) and to estimate Cu assimilation efficiency (AE) from ingested food in a freshwater bivalve (Corbicula fluminea). The Cu AE in Corbicula fed 65Cu‐spiked Cryptomonas ozolini was 38%. Copper uptake routes had no significant influence on efflux; ke of 0.004 per day characterized the slowest component of efflux following short‐term exposures to 65Cu in water or in both food and water. Incorporation of the physiological parameters for dietary and dissolved uptake as well as rate constants of loss into a bioaccumulation model allowed for assessing the relative contribution of water and food as Cu sources. At [65Cu2+] of 6.7 μg/L, Corbiculaaccumulated twice as much Cu from diet as from water. In most freshwater systems, the dietary pathway is likely to act as the major Cu uptake route for Corbicula. Extrapolation of our laboratory results to the San Francisco Bay—Delta (California, USA) indicated that our biodynamic model and the laboratory‐derived parameters for dietary 65Cu uptake provided a realistic representation of the processes involved in Cu accumulation by the bivalve Corbicula.