{"pageNumber":"288","pageRowStart":"7175","pageSize":"25","recordCount":10458,"records":[{"id":70024786,"text":"70024786 - 2002 - Diffusion model validation and interpretation of stable isotopes in river and lake ice","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:08","indexId":"70024786","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Diffusion model validation and interpretation of stable isotopes in river and lake ice","docAbstract":"The stable isotope stratigraphy of river- and lake-ice archives winter hydroclimatic conditions, and can potentially be used to identify changing water sources or to provide important insights into ice formation processes and growth rates. However, accurate interpretations rely on known isotopic fractionation during ice growth. A one-dimensional diffusion model of the liquid boundary layer adjacent to an advancing solid interface, originally developed to simulate solute rejection by growing crystals, has been used without verification to describe non-equilibrium fractionation during congelation ice growth. Results are not in agreement, suggesting the presence of important uncertainties. In this paper we seek validation of the diffusion model for this application using large-scale laboratory experiments with controlled freezing rates and frequent sampling. We obtained consistent, almost constant, isotopic boundary layer thicknesses over a representative range of ice growth rates on both quiescent and well-mixed water. With the 18O boundary layer thickness from the laboratory, the model successfully quantified reduced river-ice growth rates relative to those of a nearby lake. These results were more representative and easier to obtain than those of a conventional thermal ice-growth model. This diffusion model validation and boundary layer thickness determination provide a powerful tool for interpreting the stable isotope stratigraphy of floating ice. The laboratory experiment also replicated successive fractionation events in response to a freeze-thaw-refreeze cycle, providing a mechanism for apparent ice fractionation that exceeds equilibrium. Analysis of the composition of snow ice and frazil ice in river and lake cores indicated surprising similarities between these ice forms. Published in 2002 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrological Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/hyp.374","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Ferrick, M., Calkins, D., Perron, N., Cragin, J., and Kendall, C., 2002, Diffusion model validation and interpretation of stable isotopes in river and lake ice: Hydrological Processes, v. 16, no. 4, p. 851-872, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.374.","startPage":"851","endPage":"872","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207855,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.374"},{"id":233102,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-02-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0110e4b0c8380cd4faa4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ferrick, M.G.","contributorId":46731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferrick","given":"M.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Calkins, D.J.","contributorId":82896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Calkins","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Perron, N.M.","contributorId":78122,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perron","given":"N.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cragin, J.H.","contributorId":60819,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cragin","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kendall, C. 0000-0002-0247-3405","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0247-3405","contributorId":35050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70024765,"text":"70024765 - 2002 - Bedform movement recorded by sequential single-beam surveys in tidal rivers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-13T16:27:59","indexId":"70024765","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bedform movement recorded by sequential single-beam surveys in tidal rivers","docAbstract":"A portable system for bedform-mapping was evaluated in the delta of the lower Sacramento and San Joaquin Rivers, California, from 1998 to 2000. Bedform profiles were surveyed with a two-person crew using an array of four single-beam transducers on boats about 6 m in length. Methods for processing the bedform profiles into maps with geographic coordinates were developed for spreadsheet programs and surface-contouring software. Straight reaches were surveyed every few days or weeks to determine locations of sand deposition, net transport directions, flow thresholds for bedform regimes, and bedform-transport rates. In one channel of unidirectional flow, the portable system was used to record changes in bedform regime through minor fluctuations of low discharge, and through high discharges near channel capacity. In another channel with reversing flows from tides, the portable system recorded directions of net bedload-transport that would be undetectable by standard bedload sampling alone.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0022-1694(01)00558-3","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Dinehart, R., 2002, Bedform movement recorded by sequential single-beam surveys in tidal rivers: Journal of Hydrology, v. 258, no. 1-4, p. 25-39, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(01)00558-3.","startPage":"25","endPage":"39","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232780,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207647,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(01)00558-3"}],"volume":"258","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f040e4b0c8380cd4a69c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dinehart, R.L.","contributorId":54610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dinehart","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70024764,"text":"70024764 - 2002 - Relationship of the 1999 Hector Mine and 1992 Landers fault ruptures to offsets on neogene faults and distribution of late Cenozoic basins in the eastern California shear zone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:07","indexId":"70024764","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Relationship of the 1999 Hector Mine and 1992 Landers fault ruptures to offsets on neogene faults and distribution of late Cenozoic basins in the eastern California shear zone","docAbstract":"This report examines the Hector Mine and Landers earthquakes in the broader context of faults and fault-related basins of the eastern California shear zone (ECSZ). We compile new estimates of total strike-slip offset (horizontal separation) at nearly 30 fault sites based on offset magnetic anomaly pairs. We also present a map of the depth to pre-Cenozoic basement rock (thickness of basin-filling late Cenozoic deposits) for the region, based on an inversion of gravity and geologic data. Our estimates of total long-term strike-slip offsets on faults that slipped during the 1999 Hector Mine (3.4 km), and the 1992 Landers earthquakes (3.1 ? to 4.6 km) fall within the 3- to 5-km range of total strike-slip offset proposed for most faults of the western ECSZ. Faults having offsets as great as 20 km are present in the eastern part of the ECSZ. Although the Landers rupture followed sections of a number of faults that had been mapped as independent structures, the similarity in total strike-slip offset associated with these faults is compatible with one of the following hypotheses: (1) the Landers multistrand rupture is a typical event for this linked fault system or (2) this complex rupture path has acted as a coherent entity when viewed over some characteristic multiearthquake cycle. The second hypothesis implies that, for each cycle, slip associated with smaller earthquakes on individual fault segments integrates to a uniform slip over the length of the linked faults. With one exception, the region surrounding the Hector Mine and Landers ruptures is devoid of deep late Cenozoic basins. In particular, no deep basins are found immediately north of the Pinto Mountain fault, a place where a number of kinematic models for development of the ECSZ have predicted basins. In contrast, some basins exist near Barstow and along the eastern part of the ECSZ, where the model of Dokka et al. (1998) predicts basins.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/0120000915","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Jachens, R., Langenheim, V., and Matti, J.C., 2002, Relationship of the 1999 Hector Mine and 1992 Landers fault ruptures to offsets on neogene faults and distribution of late Cenozoic basins in the eastern California shear zone: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 92, no. 4, p. 1592-1605, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120000915.","startPage":"1592","endPage":"1605","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207982,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120000915"},{"id":233318,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"92","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a77de4b0e8fec6cdc4a1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jachens, R.C.","contributorId":55433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jachens","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Langenheim, V.E. 0000-0003-2170-5213","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2170-5213","contributorId":54956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langenheim","given":"V.E.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":402550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Matti, J. C.","contributorId":51712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matti","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70024760,"text":"70024760 - 2002 - Controls on old and new water contributions to stream flow at some nested catchments in Vermont, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:07","indexId":"70024760","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Controls on old and new water contributions to stream flow at some nested catchments in Vermont, USA","docAbstract":"Factors controlling the partitioning of old and new water contributions to stream flow were investigated for three events in four catchments (three of which were nested) at Sleepers River Research Watershed in Danville, Vermont. In the 1993 snowmelt period, two-component isotopic hydrograph separations showed that new water (meltwater) inputs to the stream ranged widely from 41 to 74%, and increased with catchment size (41 to 11 125 ha) (with one exception) and with open land cover (0-73%). Peak dissolved organic carbon concentrations and relative alkalinity dilution in stream water ranked in the same order among catchments as the new water fractions, suggesting that new water followed shallow flow paths. During the 1994 snowmelt, despite similar timing and magnitude of melt inputs, the new-water contribution to stream flow ranged only from 30 to 36% in the four catchments. We conclude that the uncommonly high and variable new water fractions in streamwater during the 1993 melt were caused by direct runoff of meltwater over frozen ground, which was prevalent in open land areas during the 1993 winter. In a high-intensity summer rainstorm in 1993, new water fractions were smaller relative to the 1993 snowmelt, ranging from 28 to 46%, but they ranked in the identical catchment order. Reconciliation of the contrasting patterns of new-old water partitioning in the three events appears to require an explanation that invokes multiple processes and effects, including: 1 topographically controlled increase in surface-saturated area with increasing catchment size; 2 direct runoff over frozen ground; 3 low infiltration in agriculturally compacted soils; 4 differences in soil transmissivity, which may be more relevant under dry antecedent conditions. These data highlight some of the difficulties faced by catchment hydrologists in formulating a theory of runoff generation at varying basin scales. Copyright ?? 2002 John Wiley and Sons, Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrological Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/hyp.312","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Shanley, J.B., Kendall, C., Smith, T.E., Wolock, D., and McDonnell, J.J., 2002, Controls on old and new water contributions to stream flow at some nested catchments in Vermont, USA: Hydrological Processes, v. 16, no. 3, p. 589-609, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.312.","startPage":"589","endPage":"609","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207956,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.312"},{"id":233279,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-01-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fbd2e4b0c8380cd4dfa8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shanley, J. B.","contributorId":52226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shanley","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kendall, C. 0000-0002-0247-3405","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0247-3405","contributorId":35050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, T. E.","contributorId":23530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wolock, D.M. 0000-0002-6209-938X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6209-938X","contributorId":36601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolock","given":"D.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McDonnell, Jeffery J. 0000-0002-3880-3162","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3880-3162","contributorId":62723,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McDonnell","given":"Jeffery","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70024759,"text":"70024759 - 2002 - Identification of lithofacies using Kohonen self-organizing maps","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:07","indexId":"70024759","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1315,"text":"Computers & Geosciences","printIssn":"0098-3004","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Identification of lithofacies using Kohonen self-organizing maps","docAbstract":"Lithofacies identification is a primary task in reservoir characterization. Traditional techniques of lithofacies identification from core data are costly, and it is difficult to extrapolate to non-cored wells. We present a low-cost automated technique using Kohonen self-organizing maps (SOMs) to identify systematically and objectively lithofacies from well log data. SOMs are unsupervised artificial neural networks that map the input space into clusters in a topological form whose organization is related to trends in the input data. A case study used five wells located in Appleton Field, Escambia County, Alabama (Smackover Formation, limestone and dolomite, Oxfordian, Jurassic). A five-input, one-dimensional output approach is employed, assuming the lithofacies are in ascending/descending order with respect to paleoenvironmental energy levels. To consider the possible appearance of new logfacies not seen in training mode, which may potentially appear in test wells, the maximum number of outputs is set to 20 instead of four, the designated number of lithosfacies in the study area. This study found eleven major clusters. The clusters were compared to depositional lithofacies identified by manual core examination. The clusters were ordered by the SOM in a pattern consistent with environmental gradients inferred from core examination: bind/boundstone, grainstone, packstone, and wackestone. This new approach predicted lithofacies identity from well log data with 78.8% accuracy which is more accurate than using a backpropagation neural network (57.3%). The clusters produced by the SOM are ordered with respect to paleoenvironmental energy levels. This energy-related clustering provides geologists and petroleum engineers with valuable geologic information about the logfacies and their interrelationships. This advantage is not obtained in backpropagation neural networks and adaptive resonance theory neural networks. ?? 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Computers and Geosciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0098-3004(01)00067-X","issn":"00983004","usgsCitation":"Chang, H., Kopaska-Merkel, D., and Chen, H., 2002, Identification of lithofacies using Kohonen self-organizing maps: Computers & Geosciences, v. 28, no. 2, p. 223-229, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0098-3004(01)00067-X.","startPage":"223","endPage":"229","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207935,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0098-3004(01)00067-X"},{"id":233246,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3831e4b0c8380cd6149b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chang, H.-C.","contributorId":80463,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chang","given":"H.-C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kopaska-Merkel, D. C.","contributorId":21314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kopaska-Merkel","given":"D. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chen, H.-C.","contributorId":9815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chen","given":"H.-C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70024755,"text":"70024755 - 2002 - Selenium biotransformations into proteinaceous forms by foodweb organisms of selenium-laden drainage waters in California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:07","indexId":"70024755","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":874,"text":"Aquatic Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Selenium biotransformations into proteinaceous forms by foodweb organisms of selenium-laden drainage waters in California","docAbstract":"Selenium contamination represents one of the few clear cases where environmental pollution has led to devastation of wildlife populations, most notably in agricultural drainage evaporation and power plant coal-fly ash receiving ponds. Complex biogeochemistry, in particular extensive biotransformations and foodchain transfer, governs Se ecotoxicology and toxicology, for which the mechanism(s) are still elusive. However, total waterborne Se concentration has been widely used as a criterion for regulating and mitigating Se risk in aquatic ecosystems, which does not account for Se biogeochemistry and its site-dependence. There is a need for more reliable indicator(s) that encompass Se ecotoxicity and/or toxicity. Selenomethionine warrants special attention since it simulates Se toxicosis of wildlife in laboratory feeding studies. While low in free selenomethionine, microphytes isolated from Se-laden agricultural evaporation ponds were abundant in proteinaceous selenomethionine. This prompted a more extensive survey of Se speciation in foodchain organisms including microphytes, macroinvertebrates, fish, and bird embryos residing mainly in the agricultural drainage systems of the San Joaquin Valley, California. Total Se in biomass, water-soluble fractions, and protein-rich fractions were measured along with GC-MS analysis of proteinaceous selenomethionine. In all foodchain organisms, water-soluble Se constituted the major fraction of total biomass Se, while proteinaceous Se was a substantial, if not dominant, fraction of the water-soluble Se. In turn, proteinaceous selenomethionine comprised an important fraction of proteinaceous Se. In terms of total biomass Se, an average 1400-fold of Se biomagnification from water to microphytes was observed while subsequent transfer from microphytes to macroinvertebrates exhibited an average of only 1.9-fold. The latter transfer was more consistent and greater in extent for proteinaceous Se and proteinaceous selenomethionine, which is consistent with their importance in foodchain transfer. Proteinaceous Se in the omnivorous carp (Cyprinus carpio) liver also demonstrated a relation to ovarian lesions, while deformed stilt (Himantopus mexicanus) embryo was more abundant in proteinaceous selenomethionine than were normal embryos. Although limited in the number of organisms surveyed, these findings provide an impetus for further field and laboratory feeding studies to substantiate the hypothesis that proteinaceous selenomethionine underlies Se ecotoxicity, which may in turn prove to be a reliable indicator of Se risk in aquatic ecosystems. Copyright ?? 2002 Elsevier Science B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Aquatic Toxicology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0166-445X(01)00261-2","issn":"0166445X","usgsCitation":"Spallholz, J., and Hoffman, D.J., 2002, Selenium biotransformations into proteinaceous forms by foodweb organisms of selenium-laden drainage waters in California: Aquatic Toxicology, v. 57, no. 1-2, p. 65-84, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-445X(01)00261-2.","startPage":"65","endPage":"84","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207913,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0166-445X(01)00261-2"},{"id":233207,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"57","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8ceee4b08c986b3181bc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spallholz, J.E.","contributorId":74111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spallholz","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoffman, D. J.","contributorId":12801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70024748,"text":"70024748 - 2002 - VOCs, pesticides, nitrate, and their mixtures in groundwater used for drinking water in the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-03T15:53:23","indexId":"70024748","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"VOCs, pesticides, nitrate, and their mixtures in groundwater used for drinking water in the United States","docAbstract":"<p>Samples of untreated groundwater from 1255 domestic drinking-water wells and 242 public supply wells were analyzed as part of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program of the U.S. Geological Survey between 1992 and 1999. Wells were sampled to define the regional quality of the groundwater resource and, thus, were distributed geographically across large aquifers, primarily in rural areas. For each sample, as many as 60 volatile organic compounds (VOCs), 83 pesticides, and nitrate were analyzed. On the basis of previous studies, nitrate concentrations as nitrogen &ge;3 mg/L were considered to have an anthropogenic origin. VOCs were detected more frequently (44%) than pesticides (38%) or anthropogenic nitrate (28%). Seventy percent of the samples contained at least one VOC, pesticide, or anthropogenic nitrate; 47% contained at least two compounds; and 33% contained at least three compounds. The combined concentrations of VOCs and pesticides ranged from about 0.001 to 100 &mu;g/L, with a median of 0.02 &mu;g/L. Water from about 12% of the wells contained one or more compounds that exceeded U.S. Environmental Protection Agency drinking-water standards or human health criteria, primarily because of nitrate concentrations exceeding the maximum contaminant level in domestic wells. A mixture is defined as a unique combination of two or more particular compounds, regardless of the presence of other compounds that may occur in the same sample. There were 100 mixtures (significantly associated with agricultural land use) that had a detection frequency between 2% and 19%. There were 302 mixtures (significantly associated with urban land use) that had a detection frequency between 1% and &lt;2%. Only 14 compounds (seven VOCs, six pesticides, and nitrate) contributed over 95% of the detections in these 402 mixtures; however, most samples with these mixtures also contain a variety of other compounds.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Science and Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","publisherLocation":"Easton, PA","doi":"10.1021/es015591n","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Squillace, P.J., Scott, J.C., Moran, M., Nolan, B.T., and Kolpin, D., 2002, VOCs, pesticides, nitrate, and their mixtures in groundwater used for drinking water in the United States: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 36, no. 9, p. 1923-1930, https://doi.org/10.1021/es015591n.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1923","endPage":"1930","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science 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T.","contributorId":21565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nolan","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":402490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kolpin, D.W.","contributorId":87565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolpin","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70024745,"text":"70024745 - 2002 - Effect of growth conditions and staining procedure upon the subsurface transport and attachment behaviors of a groundwater protist","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-28T09:38:51","indexId":"70024745","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":850,"text":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of growth conditions and staining procedure upon the subsurface transport and attachment behaviors of a groundwater protist","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstract-1\" class=\"section abstract\"><p id=\"p-2\">The transport and attachment behaviors of<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Spumella guttula</i><span>&nbsp;</span>(Kent), a nanoflagellate (protist) found in contaminated and uncontaminated aquifer sediments in Cape Cod, Mass., were assessed in flowthrough and static columns and in a field injection-and-recovery transport experiment involving an array of multilevel samplers. Transport of<span>&nbsp;</span><i>S. guttula</i><span>&nbsp;</span>harvested from low-nutrient (10 mg of dissolved organic carbon per liter), slightly acidic, granular (porous) growth media was compared to earlier observations involving nanoflagellates grown in a traditional high-nutrient liquid broth. In contrast to the highly retarded (retardation factor of ∼3) subsurface transport previously reported for<span>&nbsp;</span><i>S. guttula</i>, the peak concentration of porous-medium-grown<span>&nbsp;</span><i>S. guttula</i>traveled concomitantly with that of a conservative (bromide) tracer. About one-third of the porous-medium-grown nanoflagellates added to the aquifer were transported at least 2.8 m downgradient, compared to only ∼2% of the broth-grown nanoflagellates. Flowthrough column studies revealed that a vital (hydroethidine [HE]) staining procedure resulted in considerably less attachment (more transport) of<span>&nbsp;</span><i>S. guttula</i><span>&nbsp;</span>in aquifer sediments than did a staining-and-fixation procedure involving 4′,6′-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) and glutaraldehyde. The calculated collision efficiency (∼10<sup>−2</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>for porous-medium-grown, DAPI-stained nanoflagellates) was comparable to that observed earlier for the indigenous community of unattached groundwater bacteria that serve as prey. The attachment of HE-labeled<span>&nbsp;</span><i>S. guttula</i><span>&nbsp;</span>onto aquifer sediment grains was independent of pH (over the range from pH 3 to 9) suggesting a primary attachment mechanism that may be fundamentally different from that of their prey bacteria, which exhibit sharp decreases in fractional attachment with increasing pH. The high degree of mobility of<span>&nbsp;</span><i>S. guttula</i><span>&nbsp;</span>in the aquifer sediments has important ecological implications for the protistan community within the temporally changing plume of organic contaminants in the Cape Cod aquifer.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"ASM","doi":"10.1128/AEM.68.4.1872-1881.2002","issn":"00992240","usgsCitation":"Harvey, R., Mayberry, N., Kinner, N., Metge, D., and Novarino, F., 2002, Effect of growth conditions and staining procedure upon the subsurface transport and attachment behaviors of a groundwater protist: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v. 68, no. 4, p. 1872-1881, https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.68.4.1872-1881.2002.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1872","endPage":"1881","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478638,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/123859","text":"External Repository"},{"id":233031,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207807,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.68.4.1872-1881.2002"}],"volume":"68","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a05e6e4b0c8380cd50ffb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harvey, R.W. 0000-0002-2791-8503","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2791-8503","contributorId":11757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"R.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mayberry, N.","contributorId":56410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mayberry","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kinner, N.E.","contributorId":29583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kinner","given":"N.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Metge, D.W.","contributorId":51477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Metge","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Novarino, F.","contributorId":75723,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Novarino","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70024739,"text":"70024739 - 2002 - Preliminary comparison of landscape pattern-normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) relationships to central plains stream conditions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-22T16:08:14.104924","indexId":"70024739","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Preliminary comparison of landscape pattern-normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) relationships to central plains stream conditions","docAbstract":"<p><span>We explored relationships of water quality parameters with landscape pattern metrics (LPMs), land use–land cover (LULC) proportions, and the advanced very high resolution radiometer (AVHRR) normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) or NDVI-derived metrics. Stream sites (271) in Nebraska, Kansas, and Missouri were sampled for water quality parameters, the index of biotic integrity, and a habitat index in either 1994 or 1995. Although a combination of LPMs (interspersion and juxtaposition index, patch density, and percent forest) within Ozark Highlands watersheds explained &gt;60% of the variation in levels of nitrite–nitrate nitrogen and conductivity, in most cases the LPMs were not significantly correlated with the stream data. Several problems using landscape pattern metrics were noted: small watersheds having only one or two patches, collinearity with LULC data, and counterintuitive or inconsistent results that resulted from basic differences in land use–land cover patterns among ecoregions or from other factors determining water quality. The amount of variation explained in water quality parameters using multiple regression models that combined LULC and LPMs was generally lower than that from NDVI or vegetation phenology metrics derived from time-series NDVI data. A comparison of LPMs and NDVI indicated that NDVI had greater promise for monitoring landscapes for stream conditions within the study area.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America","doi":"10.2134/jeq2002.8460","usgsCitation":"Griffith, J.A., Martinko, E.A., Whistler, J.L., and Price, K.P., 2002, Preliminary comparison of landscape pattern-normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) relationships to central plains stream conditions: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 31, no. 3, p. 846-859, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2002.8460.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"846","endPage":"859","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232959,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska","otherGeospatial":"Central Plains","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -94.54833984375,\n              37.09023980307208\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.48291015625,\n              38.13455657705411\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.64794921875,\n              39.690280594818034\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.58203125,\n              40.48038142908172\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.69091796875,\n              40.58058466412761\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.52587890625,\n              42.52069952914966\n            ],\n            [\n              -100.48095703125,\n              42.97250158602597\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.5791015625,\n              42.90816007196054\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.6669921875,\n              41.60722821271717\n            ],\n            [\n              -101.90917968749999,\n              41.178653972331674\n            ],\n            [\n              -101.6015625,\n              38.95940879245423\n            ],\n            [\n              -101.90917968749999,\n              37.19533058280065\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.54833984375,\n              37.09023980307208\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"31","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8359e4b0c8380cd7bef1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Griffith, J. A.","contributorId":84118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffith","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Martinko, E. A.","contributorId":13784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martinko","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Whistler, J. L.","contributorId":74171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whistler","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Price, K. P.","contributorId":16615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Price","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70024732,"text":"70024732 - 2002 - Ontogenetic behavior, migration, and social behavior of pallid sturgeon, Scaphirhynchus albus, and shovelnose sturgeon, S. platorynchus, with notes on the adaptive significance of body color","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:14","indexId":"70024732","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1528,"text":"Environmental Biology of Fishes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ontogenetic behavior, migration, and social behavior of pallid sturgeon, Scaphirhynchus albus, and shovelnose sturgeon, S. platorynchus, with notes on the adaptive significance of body color","docAbstract":"We conducted laboratory studies on the ontogenetic behavior of free embryos (first life interval after hatching) and larvae (first feeding interval) of pallid and shovelnose sturgeon. Migration styles of both species were similar for timing of migration (initiation by embryos on day 0 after hatching and cessation by larvae on days 12-13 at 236-243 cumulative temperature degree units), migration distance (about 13 km), life interval when most distance was moved (embryo), and diel behavior of embryos (diurnal). However, the species differed for two behaviors: movement characteristics of embryos (peak movement rate of pallid sturgeon was only one-half the peak rate of shovelnose sturgeon, but pallid sturgeon continued the lower rate for twice as long) and diel behavior of larvae (pallid sturgeon were diurnal and shovelnose sturgeon were nocturnal). Thus, the species used different methods to move the same distance. Migrating as poorly developed embryos suggests a migration style to avoid predation at the spawning site, but moving from spawning habitat to rearing habitat before first feeding could also be important. Migrants of both species preferred bright habitat (high illumination intensity and white substrate), a behavioral preference that may characterize the migrants of many species of sturgeon. Both species were remarkably similar for swimming height above the bottom by age, and day 7 and older migrants may swim far above the bottom and move far downstream. A migration of 12 or 13 days will probably not distribute larvae throughout the population's range, so an older life interval likely initiates a second longer downstream migration (2-step migration). By day 2, individuals of both species were a black-tail phenotype (light grey body with a black-tail that moved conspicuously during swimming). Aggregation behavior suggests that black-tail is a visual signal used for group cohesion.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Biology of Fishes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1023/A:1014950202783","issn":"03781909","usgsCitation":"Kynard, B., Henyey, E., and Horgan, M., 2002, Ontogenetic behavior, migration, and social behavior of pallid sturgeon, Scaphirhynchus albus, and shovelnose sturgeon, S. platorynchus, with notes on the adaptive significance of body color: Environmental Biology of Fishes, v. 63, no. 4, p. 389-403, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1014950202783.","startPage":"389","endPage":"403","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207693,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1014950202783"},{"id":232852,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"63","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6e54e4b0c8380cd755c5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kynard, B.","contributorId":51232,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kynard","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Henyey, E.","contributorId":28773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henyey","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Horgan, Martin","contributorId":23492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horgan","given":"Martin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70024704,"text":"70024704 - 2002 - Geology and origin of Europa's \"Mitten\" feature (Murias Chaos)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-02T22:48:26.56362","indexId":"70024704","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2317,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geology and origin of Europa's \"Mitten\" feature (Murias Chaos)","docAbstract":"<p><span>The “Mitten” (provisionally named Murias Chaos by the International Astronomical Union) is a region of elevated chaos-like terrain in the leading hemisphere of Europa. Its origin had been explained under the currently debated theories of melting through a thin lithosphere or convection within a thick one. Galileo observations reveal several characteristics that suggest that the Mitten is distinct from typical chaos terrain and point to a different formational process. Photoclinometric elevation estimates suggest that the Mitten is slightly elevated with respect to the surrounding terrain; geologic relations indicate that it must have raised significantly from the plains in its past, resembling disrupted domes on Europa's trailing hemisphere. Moreover, the Mitten material appears to have extruded onto the plains and flowed for tens of kilometers. The area subsequently subsided as a result of isostatic adjustment, viscous relaxation, and/or plains loading. Using plate flexure models, we estimated the elastic lithosphere in the area to be several kilometers thick. We propose that the Mitten originated by the ascent and extrusion of a large thermal diapir. Thermal-mechanical modeling shows that a Mitten-sized plume would remain sufficiently warm and buoyant to pierce through the crust and flow unconfined on the surface. Such a diapir probably had an initial radius between 5 and 8 km and an initial depth of 20–40 km, consistent with a thick-lithosphere model. In this scenario the Mitten appears to represent the surface expression of the rare ascent of a large diapir, in contrast to lenticulae and chaos terrain, which may form by isolated and clustered small diapirs, respectively.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2001JE001591","usgsCitation":"Figueredo, P.H., Chuang, F.C., Rathbun, J., Kirk, R.L., and Greeley, R., 2002, Geology and origin of Europa's \"Mitten\" feature (Murias Chaos): Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets, v. 107, no. E5, p. 2-1-2-13, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JE001591.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"2-1","endPage":"2-13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487462,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2001je001591","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":232989,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Europa","volume":"107","issue":"E5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2412e4b0c8380cd57d89","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Figueredo, P. H.","contributorId":82499,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Figueredo","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chuang, F. C.","contributorId":105452,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chuang","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rathbun, J.","contributorId":9814,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rathbun","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kirk, R. L.","contributorId":94698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirk","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Greeley, R.","contributorId":6538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greeley","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70024687,"text":"70024687 - 2002 - The geohydrologic setting of Yucca Mountain, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:06","indexId":"70024687","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The geohydrologic setting of Yucca Mountain, Nevada","docAbstract":"This paper provides a geologic and hydrologic framework of the Yucca Mountain region for the geochemical papers in this volume. The regional geologic units, which range in age from late Precambrian through Holocene, are briefly described. Yucca Mountain is composed of dominantly pyroclastic units that range in age from 11.4 to 15.2 Ma. The principal focus of study has been on the Paintbrush Group, which includes two major zoned and welded ash-flow tuffs separated by an important hydrogeologic unit referred to as the Paintbrush non-welded (PTn). The regional structural setting is currently one of extension, and the major local tectonic domains are presented together with a tectonic model that is consistent with the known structures at Yucca Mountain. Streamflow in this arid to semi-arid region occurs principally in intermittent or ephemeral channels. Near Yucca Mountain, the channels of Fortymile Wash and Amargosa River collect infrequent runoff from tributary basins, ultimately draining to Death Valley. Beneath the surface, large-scale interbasin flow of groundwater from one valley to another occurs commonly in the region. Regional groundwater flow beneath Yucca Mountain originates in the high mesas to the north and returns to the surface either in southern Amargosa Desert or in Death Valley, where it is consumed by evapotranspiration. The water table is very deep beneath the upland areas such as Yucca Mountain, where it is 500-750 m below the land surface, providing a large thickness of unsaturated rocks that are potentially suitable to host a nuclear-waste repository. The nature of unsaturated flow processes, which are important for assessing radionuclide migration, are inferred mainly from hydrochemical or isotopic evidence, from pneumatic tests of the fracture systems, and from the results of in situ experiments. Water seeping down through the unsaturated zone flows rapidly through fractures and more slowly through the pores of the rock matrix. Although capillary forces are expected to divert much of the flow around repository openings, some may drip onto waste packages, ultimately causing release of radionuclides, followed by transport down to the water table. ?? 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0883-2927(02)00029-X","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Stuckless, J., and Dudley, W.W., 2002, The geohydrologic setting of Yucca Mountain, Nevada: Applied Geochemistry, v. 17, no. 6, p. 659-682, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-2927(02)00029-X.","startPage":"659","endPage":"682","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207979,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0883-2927(02)00029-X"},{"id":233313,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bac53e4b08c986b323412","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stuckless, J. S.","contributorId":6060,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stuckless","given":"J. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dudley, W. W.","contributorId":101941,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dudley","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70024640,"text":"70024640 - 2002 - Crosswell seismic investigation of hydraulically conductive, fracture bedrock near Mirror Lake, New Hampshire","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-26T09:53:27","indexId":"70024640","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2165,"text":"Journal of Applied Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Crosswell seismic investigation of hydraulically conductive, fracture bedrock near Mirror Lake, New Hampshire","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id14\" class=\"abstract author\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id15\"><p>Near Mirror Lake, New Hampshire (USA), hydraulically conductive, fractured bedrock was investigated with the crosswell seismic method to determine whether this method could provide any information about hydraulic conductivity between wells. To this end, crosswell seismic data, acoustic logs from boreholes, image logs from boreholes, and single borehole hydraulic tests were analyzed. The analysis showed that, first, the P-wave velocities from the acoustic logs tended to be higher in schist than they were in granite. (Schist and granite were the dominant rock types). Second, the P-wave velocities from the acoustic logs tended to be low near fractures. Third, the hydraulic conductivity was always low (always less than to 10<sup>−8</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>m/s) where no fractures intersected the borehole, but the hydraulic conductivity ranged from low to high (from less than to 10<sup>−10</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>m/s to 10<sup>−4</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>m/s) where one or more fractures intersected the borehole. Fourth, high hydraulic conductivities were slightly more frequent when the P-wave velocity was low (less than 5200 m/s) than when it was high (greater than or equal to 5200 m/s). The interpretation of this statistical relation was that the fractures tended to increase the hydraulic conductivity and to lower the P-wave velocity. This statistical relation was applied to a velocity tomogram to create a map showing the probability of high hydraulic conductivity; the map was consistent with results from independent hydraulic tests.</p></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0926-9851(02)00149-0","issn":"09269851","usgsCitation":"Ellefsen, K., Hsieh, P.A., and Shapiro, A., 2002, Crosswell seismic investigation of hydraulically conductive, fracture bedrock near Mirror Lake, New Hampshire: Journal of Applied Geophysics, v. 50, no. 3, p. 299-317, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0926-9851(02)00149-0.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"299","endPage":"317","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233132,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207874,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0926-9851(02)00149-0"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Hampshire","otherGeospatial":"Mirror Lake","volume":"50","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fcc8e4b0c8380cd4e429","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ellefsen, K.J. 0000-0003-3075-4703","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3075-4703","contributorId":12061,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellefsen","given":"K.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hsieh, P. A.","contributorId":40596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hsieh","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shapiro, A.M. 0000-0002-6425-9607","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6425-9607","contributorId":88384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shapiro","given":"A.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":402066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70024630,"text":"70024630 - 2002 - Material-balance assessment of the New Albany-Chesterian petroleum system of the Illinois basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-03T16:55:13.785237","indexId":"70024630","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":701,"text":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Material-balance assessment of the New Albany-Chesterian petroleum system of the Illinois basin","docAbstract":"The New Albany-Chesterian petroleum system of the Illinois basin is a well-constrained system from which petroleum charges and losses were quantified through a material-balance assessment. This petroleum system has nearly 90,000 wells penetrating the Chesterian section, a single New Albany Shale source rock accounting for more than 99% of the produced oil, well-established stratigraphic and structural frameworks, and accessible source rock samples at various maturity levels. A hydrogen index (HI) map based on Rock-Eval analyses of source rock samples of New Albany Shale defines the pod of active source rock and extent of oil generation. Based on a buoyancy-drive model, the system was divided into seven secondary-migration catchments. Each catchment contains a part of the active pod of source rock from which it derives a petroleum charge, and this charge is confined to carrier beds and reservoirs within these catchments as accountable petroleum, petroleum losses, or undiscovered petroleum. A well-constrained catchment with no apparent erosional or leakage losses is used to determine an actual petroleum charge from accountable petroleum and residual migration losses. This actual petroleum charge is used to calibrate the other catchments in which erosional petroleum losses have occurred. Petroleum charges determined by laboratory pyrolysis are exaggerated relative to the actual petroleum charge. Rock-Eval charges are exaggerated by a factor of 4-14, and hydrouspyrolysis charges are exaggerated by a factor of 1.7. The actual petroleum charge provides a more meaningful material balance and more realistic estimates of petroleum losses and remaining undiscovered petroleum. The total petroleum charge determined for the New Albany-Chesterian system is 78 billion bbl, of which 11.4 billion bbl occur as a accountable in place petroleum, 9 billion bbl occur as residual migration losses, and 57.6 billion bbl occur as erosional losses. Of the erosional losses, 40 billion bbl were lost from two catchments that have highly faulted and extensively eroded sections. Anomalies in the relationship between erosional losses and degree of erosion suggest there is potential for undiscovered petroleum in one of the catchments. These results demonstrate that a material-balance assessment of migration catchments provides a useful means to evaluate and rank areas within a petroleum system. The article provides methodologies for obtaining more realistic petroleum charges and losses that can be applied to less data-rich petroleum systems.","language":"English","publisher":"AAPG","doi":"10.1306/61EEDB8E-173E-11D7-8645000102C1865D","usgsCitation":"Lewan, M.D., Henry, M.E., Higley, D., and Pitman, J.K., 2002, Material-balance assessment of the New Albany-Chesterian petroleum system of the Illinois basin: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 86, no. 5, p. 745-778, https://doi.org/10.1306/61EEDB8E-173E-11D7-8645000102C1865D.","productDescription":"34 p.","startPage":"745","endPage":"778","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232984,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -89.384765625,\n              36.98500309285596\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.8466796875,\n              37.405073750176925\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.572265625,\n              37.37015718405753\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.1875,\n              40.212440718286466\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.033203125,\n              40.88029480552824\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.0546875,\n              40.91351257612758\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.384765625,\n              36.98500309285596\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"86","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5277e4b0c8380cd6c432","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lewan, M. D.","contributorId":46540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewan","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Henry, M. E.","contributorId":103734,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henry","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Higley, D.K. 0000-0001-8024-9954","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8024-9954","contributorId":90261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Higley","given":"D.K.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":402014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pitman, Janet K. 0000-0002-0441-779X jpitman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0441-779X","contributorId":767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pitman","given":"Janet","email":"jpitman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":402015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70024629,"text":"70024629 - 2002 - The High Plains Aquifer, USA: Groundwater development and sustainability","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-14T17:34:38.303281","indexId":"70024629","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1785,"text":"Geological Society Special Publication","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The High Plains Aquifer, USA: Groundwater development and sustainability","docAbstract":"The High Plains Aquifer, located in the United States, is one of the largest freshwater aquifers in the world and is threatened by continued decline in water levels and deteriorating water quality. Understanding the physical and cultural features of this area is essential to assessing the factors that affect this groundwater resource. About 27% of the irrigated land in the United States overlies this aquifer, which yields about 30% of the nation's groundwater used for irrigation of crops including wheat, corn, sorghum, cotton and alfalfa. In addition, the aquifer provides drinking water to 82% of the 2.3 million people who live within the aquifer boundary. The High Plains Aquifer has been significantly impacted by human activities. Groundwater withdrawals from the aquifer exceed recharge in many areas, resulting in substantial declines in groundwater level. Residents once believed that the aquifer was an unlimited resource of high-quality water, but they now face the prospect that much of the water may be gone in the near future. Also, agricultural chemicals are affecting the groundwater quality. Increasing concentrations of nitrate and salinity can first impair the use of the water for public supply and then affect its suitability for irrigation. A variety of technical and institutional measures are currently being planned and implemented across the aquifer area in an attempt to sustain this groundwater resource for future generations. However, because groundwater withdrawals remain high and water quality impairments are becoming more commonplace, the sustainability of the High Plains Aquifer is uncertain.","language":"English","publisher":"GeoScienceWorld","doi":"10.1144/GSL.SP.2002.193.01.09","usgsCitation":"Dennehy, K., Litke, D.W., and McMahon, P., 2002, The High Plains Aquifer, USA: Groundwater development and sustainability: Geological Society Special Publication, no. 193, p. 99-119, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2002.193.01.09.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"99","endPage":"119","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232952,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"High Plains Aquifer","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -105.46875,\n              34.379712580462204\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.1298828125,\n              34.379712580462204\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.1298828125,\n              43.70759350405294\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.46875,\n              43.70759350405294\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.46875,\n              34.379712580462204\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","issue":"193","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-03-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba776e4b08c986b32159a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dennehy, K.F.","contributorId":41841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dennehy","given":"K.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Litke, D. W.","contributorId":94346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Litke","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McMahon, P.B. 0000-0001-7452-2379","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7452-2379","contributorId":10762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMahon","given":"P.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70024615,"text":"70024615 - 2002 - Educational background and professional participation by federal wildlife biologists: Implications for science, management, and The Wildlife Society","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-28T11:56:58","indexId":"70024615","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Educational background and professional participation by federal wildlife biologists: Implications for science, management, and The Wildlife Society","docAbstract":"Over 2,000 people are employed in wildlife biology in the United States federal government. The size of this constituency motivated me to examine the amount of formal education federal biologists have received and the extent of continuing education they undertake by reading journals or attending scientific meetings. Most federal biologists who are members of The Wildlife Society (TWS) have a graduate degree. However, one-third have only a Bachelor of Science degree, despite the current trend toward hiring people with graduate degrees. Most federal biologists are not research biologists. Numbers of journals subscribed to was positively related to educational level. Less than one-third of all wildlife biologists employed by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service are members of TWS or subscribe to any of its journals. In contrast, the majority of presenters at the TWS 2000 Annual Conference were research biologists and members of TWS. The failure of many federal wildlife biologists to read scientific literature or attend professional meetings indicates a failure to promote the importance of continuing education in the federal workplace. I identify 2 potential adverse impacts of this failing: an inability to recognize important and relevant scientific contributions and an ineffectiveness in carrying out adaptive management.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","usgsCitation":"Schmutz, J.A., 2002, Educational background and professional participation by federal wildlife biologists: Implications for science, management, and The Wildlife Society: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 30, no. 2, p. 594-598.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"594","endPage":"598","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233235,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":337974,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/3784520"}],"volume":"30","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a05aee4b0c8380cd50edc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schmutz, Joel A. 0000-0002-6516-0836 jschmutz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6516-0836","contributorId":1805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmutz","given":"Joel","email":"jschmutz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":401913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70024610,"text":"70024610 - 2002 - A comparison of factors controlling sedimentation rates and wetland loss in fluvial-deltaic systems, Texas Gulf coast","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:06","indexId":"70024610","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1801,"text":"Geomorphology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A comparison of factors controlling sedimentation rates and wetland loss in fluvial-deltaic systems, Texas Gulf coast","docAbstract":"Submergence of coastal marshes in areas where rates of relative sea-level rise exceed rates of marsh sedimentation, or vertical accretion, is a global problem that requires detailed examination of the principal processes that establish, maintain, and degrade these biologically productive environments. Using a simple 210Pb-dating model, we measured sedimentation rates in cores from the Trinity, Lavaca-Navidad, and Nueces bayhead fluvial-deltaic systems in Texas where more than 2000 ha of wetlands have been lost since the 1950s. Long-term average rates of fluvial-deltaic aggradation decrease southwestward from 0.514 ?? 0.008 cm year -1 in the Trinity, 0.328 ?? 0.022 cm year -1 in the Lavaca-Navidad, to 0.262 ?? 0.034 cm year -1 in the Nucces. The relative magnitudes of sedimentation and wetland loss correlate with several parameters that define the differing fluvial-deltaic settings, including size of coastal drainage basin, average annual rainfall, suspended sediment load, thickness of Holocene mud in the valley fill, and rates of relative sea-level rise. There is some evidence that upstream reservoirs have reduced wetland sedimentation rates, which are now about one-half the local rates of relative sea-level rise. The extant conditions indicate that fluvial-deltaic marshes in these valleys will continue to be lost as a result of submergence and erosion. ?? 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geomorphology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0169-555X(01)00140-4","issn":"0169555X","usgsCitation":"White, W., Morton, R., and Holmes, C.W., 2002, A comparison of factors controlling sedimentation rates and wetland loss in fluvial-deltaic systems, Texas Gulf coast: Geomorphology, v. 44, no. 1-2, p. 47-66, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-555X(01)00140-4.","startPage":"47","endPage":"66","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207888,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0169-555X(01)00140-4"},{"id":233165,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e35ae4b0c8380cd45fb8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"White, W.A.","contributorId":24489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"W.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morton, R.A.","contributorId":53849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morton","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Holmes, C. W.","contributorId":36076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holmes","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70023459,"text":"70023459 - 2002 - Gonadotropin-dependent oocyte maturational competence requires activation of the protein kinase A pathway and synthesis of RNA and protein in ovarian follicles of Nibe, Nibea mitsukurii (Teleostei, Sciaenidae)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:10","indexId":"70023459","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1651,"text":"Fish Physiology and Biochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Gonadotropin-dependent oocyte maturational competence requires activation of the protein kinase A pathway and synthesis of RNA and protein in ovarian follicles of Nibe, Nibea mitsukurii (Teleostei, Sciaenidae)","docAbstract":"Luteinizing hormone- (LH)-dependent ovarian follicle maturation has been recently described in two stages for teleost fishes. The oocyte's ability to respond to the steroidal maturation-inducing hormone (MIH), also known as oocyte maturational competence (OMC), is acquired during the first stage; whereas the MIH-dependent resumption of meiosis occurs during the second stage. However, studies directly addressing OMC have been performed with a limited number of species and therefore the general relevance of the two-stage model and its mechanisms remain uncertain. In this study, we examined the hormonal regulation of OMC and its basic transduction mechanisms in ovarian follicles of the sciaenid teleost, Nibe (Nibea mitsukurii). Exposure to MIH [17,20??-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one or 17,20??,21-trihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one] stimulated germinal vesicle breakdown (index of meiotic resumption) in full-grown follicles primed with human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG, an LH-like gonadotropin) but not in those pre-cultured in plain incubation medium. The induction of OMC by HCG was mimicked by protein kinase A (PKA) activators (forskolin and dibutyryl cyclic AMP), and blocked by specific inhibitors of PKA (H89 and H8) as well as inhibitors of RNA (actinomycin D) and protein (cycloheximide) synthesis. Forskolin-induced OMC was also inhibited by actinomycin D and cycloheximide. A strong activator of protein kinase C, PMA, inhibited HCG-dependent OMC. In conclusion, OMC in Nibe ovarian follicles is gonadotropin-dependent and requires activation of the PKA pathway followed by gene transcription and translation events. These observations are consistent with the two-stage model of ovarian follicle maturation proposed for other teleosts, and suggest that Nibe can be used as new model species for mechanistic studies of ovarian follicle differentiation and maturation in fishes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Fish Physiology and Biochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1023/A:1022209710224","issn":"09201742","usgsCitation":"Yoshizaki, G., Shusa, M., Takeuchi, T., and Patino, R., 2002, Gonadotropin-dependent oocyte maturational competence requires activation of the protein kinase A pathway and synthesis of RNA and protein in ovarian follicles of Nibe, Nibea mitsukurii (Teleostei, Sciaenidae): Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, v. 25, no. 3, p. 201-208, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022209710224.","startPage":"201","endPage":"208","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207535,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1022209710224"},{"id":232568,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a29ace4b0c8380cd5ab35","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yoshizaki, G.","contributorId":74488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yoshizaki","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shusa, M.","contributorId":72979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shusa","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Takeuchi, T.","contributorId":36325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takeuchi","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Patino, R.","contributorId":39915,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patino","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70024602,"text":"70024602 - 2002 - Comparing shear-wave velocity profiles inverted from multichannel surface wave with borehole measurements","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:07","indexId":"70024602","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3418,"text":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparing shear-wave velocity profiles inverted from multichannel surface wave with borehole measurements","docAbstract":"Recent field tests illustrate the accuracy and consistency of calculating near-surface shear (S)-wave velocities using multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW). S-wave velocity profiles (S-wave velocity vs. depth) derived from MASW compared favorably to direct borehole measurements at sites in Kansas, British Columbia, and Wyoming. Effects of changing the total number of recording channels, sampling interval, source offset, and receiver spacing on the inverted S-wave velocity were studied at a test site in Lawrence, Kansas. On the average, the difference between MASW calculated Vs and borehole measured Vs in eight wells along the Fraser River in Vancouver, Canada was less than 15%. One of the eight wells was a blind test well with the calculated overall difference between MASW and borehole measurements less than 9%. No systematic differences were observed in derived Vs values from any of the eight test sites. Surface wave analysis performed on surface data from Wyoming provided S-wave velocities in near-surface materials. Velocity profiles from MASW were confirmed by measurements based on suspension log analysis. ?? 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0267-7261(02)00008-8","issn":"02677261","usgsCitation":"Xia, J., Miller, R., Park, C., Hunter, J., Harris, J.B., and Ivanov, J., 2002, Comparing shear-wave velocity profiles inverted from multichannel surface wave with borehole measurements: Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, v. 22, no. 3, p. 181-190, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0267-7261(02)00008-8.","startPage":"181","endPage":"190","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207780,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0267-7261(02)00008-8"},{"id":232983,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f839e4b0c8380cd4cf5e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Xia, J.","contributorId":63513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xia","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, R. D.","contributorId":92693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"R. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Park, C.B.","contributorId":21714,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Park","given":"C.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hunter, J. A.","contributorId":94067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunter","given":"J. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Harris, J. B.","contributorId":80441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ivanov, J.","contributorId":107068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ivanov","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70024593,"text":"70024593 - 2002 - Components of productivity in black-legged kittiwakes Rissa tridactyla: Response to supplemental feeding","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-04T16:38:55.632752","indexId":"70024593","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2190,"text":"Journal of Avian Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Components of productivity in black-legged kittiwakes Rissa tridactyla: Response to supplemental feeding","docAbstract":"<p><span>In contrast to the high productivity of black‐legged kittiwakes in Britain, kittiwakes at many colonies in Alaska have failed chronically to reproduce since the mid 1970s. To determine if food is limiting productivity and, if so, at what stages of nesting food shortages are most severe, in 1996 and 1997 we supplementally fed kittiwakes nesting on an abandoned building. The effects of feeding were stronger in 1997 than in 1996, possibly because naturally occurring prey were of poorer quality in 1997. Consumption of supplemental herring declined as egg laying approached then increased slowly during incubation and more rapidly after hatching. All of the six components of productivity we studied were improved by supplemental feeding to some degree. Supplemental food did not significantly alter laying success in either year, although fed pairs bred at slightly higher rates than unfed pairs in 1997, the poorer food year. In 1996 and 1997, extra food noticeably increased clutch size and hatching success, but significantly so only in 1997. Fledging success and productivity were substantially augmented by feeding in both years. Fed pairs fledged twice as many chicks per nest as did unfed pairs in 1996 and three times as many in 1997. Fed and unfed pairs lost most of their potential productivity through the inability to hatch eggs, and secondarily because of their poor success at raising chicks. The benefits of supplemental feeding did not carry over from one stage of breeding to another. Pairs cut off from supplemental food after laying or hatching performed similarly to pairs that had not been previously fed. This study provides benchmark values of breeding performance attainable by kittiwakes in Alaska under optimal conditions. These values are comparable to highly productive colonies in Britain and suggest that differences in life‐history characteristics between Pacific and Atlantic breeding populations are primarily controlled by food supply.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","usgsCitation":"Gill, V., and Hatch, S.A., 2002, Components of productivity in black-legged kittiwakes Rissa tridactyla: Response to supplemental feeding: Journal of Avian Biology, v. 33, no. 2, p. 113-126.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"113","endPage":"126","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232846,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207688,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1034/j.1600-048X.2002.330201.x"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Middleton Island","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -146.40243530273438,\n              59.39477224351406\n            ],\n            [\n              -146.25411987304688,\n              59.39477224351406\n            ],\n            [\n              -146.25411987304688,\n              59.47752265509619\n            ],\n            [\n              -146.40243530273438,\n              59.47752265509619\n            ],\n            [\n              -146.40243530273438,\n              59.39477224351406\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"33","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f913e4b0c8380cd4d40c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gill, V.A.","contributorId":35498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gill","given":"V.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hatch, Scott A. 0000-0002-0064-8187 shatch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0064-8187","contributorId":2625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatch","given":"Scott","email":"shatch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":401819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70024585,"text":"70024585 - 2002 - Long-term tritium transport through field-scale compacted soil liner","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:05","indexId":"70024585","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2327,"text":"Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Long-term tritium transport through field-scale compacted soil liner","docAbstract":"A 13-year study of tritium transport through a field-scale earthen liner was conducted by the Illinois State Geological Survey to determine the long-term performance of compacted soil liners in limiting chemical transport. Two field-sampling procedures (pressure-vacuum lysimeter and core sampling) were used to determine the vertical tritium concentration profiles at different times and locations within the liner. Profiles determined by the two methods were similar and consistent. Analyses of the concentration profiles showed that the tritium concentration was relatively uniformly distributed horizontally at each sampling depth within the liner and thus there was no apparent preferential transport. A simple one-dimensional analytical solution to the advective-dispersive solute transport equation was used to model tritium transport through the liner. Modeling results showed that diffusion was the dominant contaminant transport mechanism. The measured tritium concentration profiles were accurately modeled with an effective diffusion coefficient of 6 ?? 10-4 mm2/s, which is in the middle of the range of values reported in the literature.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2002)128:8(640)","issn":"10900241","usgsCitation":"Toupiol, C., Willingham, T., Valocchi, A., Werth, C., Krapac, I., Stark, T., and Daniel, D., 2002, Long-term tritium transport through field-scale compacted soil liner: Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, v. 128, no. 8, p. 640-650, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2002)128:8(640).","startPage":"640","endPage":"650","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207976,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2002)128:8(640)"},{"id":233307,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"128","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a49aee4b0c8380cd687e7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Toupiol, C.","contributorId":76911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Toupiol","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Willingham, T.W.","contributorId":36329,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willingham","given":"T.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Valocchi, A.J.","contributorId":61980,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valocchi","given":"A.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Werth, C.J.","contributorId":26481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Werth","given":"C.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Krapac, I.G.","contributorId":33850,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krapac","given":"I.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Stark, T.D.","contributorId":69751,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stark","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Daniel, D.E.","contributorId":86531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Daniel","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70024584,"text":"70024584 - 2002 - The major-ion composition of Silurian seawater","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:05","indexId":"70024584","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The major-ion composition of Silurian seawater","docAbstract":"One-hundred fluid inclusions in Silurian marine halite were analyzed in order to determine the major-ion composition of Silurian seawater. The samples analyzed were from three formations in the Late Silurian Michigan Basin, the A-1, A-2, and B Evaporites of the Salina Group, and one formation in the Early Silurian Canning Basin (Australia), the Mallowa Salt of the Carribuddy Group. The results indicate that the major-ion composition of Silurian seawater was not the same as present-day seawater. The Silurian ocean had lower concentrations of Mg2+, Na+, and SO2-4, and much higher concentrations of Ca2+ relative to the ocean's present-day composition. Furthermore, Silurian seawater had Ca2+ in excess of SO2-4. Evaporation of Silurian seawater of the composition determined in this study produces KC1-type potash minerals that lack the MgSO4-type late stage salts formed during the evaporation of present-day seawater. The relatively low Na+ concentrations in Silurian seawater support the hypothesis that oscillations in the major-ion composition of the oceans are primarily controlled by changes in the flux of mid-ocean ridge brine and riverine inputs and not global or basin-scale, seawater-driven dolomitization. The Mg2+/Ca2+ ratio of Silurian seawater was ~1.4, and the K+/Ca2+ ratio was ~0.3, both of which differ from the present-day counterparts of 5 and 1, respectively. Seawaters with Mg2+/Ca2+ <2 facilitate the precipitation of low-magnesian calcite (mol % Mg < 4) marine ooids and submarine carbonate cements whereas seawater with Mg2+/Ca2+ >2 (e.g., modern seawater) facilitate the precipitation of aragonite and high-magnesian calcite. Therefore, the early Paleozoic calcite seas were likely due to the low Mg2+/Ca2+ ratio of seawater, not the pCO2 of the Silurian atmosphere. Copyright ?? 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0016-7037(02)00870-0","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Brennan, S., and Lowenstein, T., 2002, The major-ion composition of Silurian seawater: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 66, no. 15, p. 2683-2700, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(02)00870-0.","startPage":"2683","endPage":"2700","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207975,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(02)00870-0"},{"id":233306,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"66","issue":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505badb6e4b08c986b323daa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brennan, S.T. 0000-0002-7102-9359","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7102-9359","contributorId":35915,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brennan","given":"S.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lowenstein, T.K.","contributorId":36328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowenstein","given":"T.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70024583,"text":"70024583 - 2002 - Prediction of the fate of p,p'-DDE in sediment on the Palos Verdes shelf, California, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-14T14:25:50","indexId":"70024583","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1333,"text":"Continental Shelf Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Prediction of the fate of p,p'-DDE in sediment on the Palos Verdes shelf, California, USA","docAbstract":"Long-term (60-yr) predictions of vertical profiles of p,p???-DDE concentrations in contaminated bottom sediments on the Palos Verdes shelf were calculated for three locations along the 60-m isobath using a numerical solution of the one-dimensional advection-diffusion equation. The calculations incorporated the following processes: sediment deposition (or erosion), depth-dependent solid-phase biodiffusive mixing, in situ diagenetic transformation, and loss of p,p???-DDE across the sediment-water interface by two mechanisms (resuspension of sediments by wave action and subsequent loss of p,p???-DDE to the water column by desorption, and desorption from sediments to porewater and subsequent molecular diffusion to the water column). A combination of field measurements, laboratory analyses, and calculations with supporting models was used to set parameters for the model. The model explains significant features observed in measurements made every 2 years from 1981 to 1997 by the County Sanitation Districts of Los Angeles (LACSD). Analyses of available data suggest that two sites northwest of the Whites Point sewage outfalls will remain depositional, even as particulate supply from the sewage-treatment plant and nearby Portuguese Bend Landslide decreases. At these sites, model predictions for 1991-2050 indicate that most of the existing inventory of p,p???-DDE will remain buried and that surface concentrations will gradually decrease. Analyses of data southeast of the outfalls suggest that erosion is likely to occur somewhere on the southeast edge of the existing effluent-affected deposit, and model predictions for such a site showed that erosion and biodiffusion will reintroduce the p,p???-DDE to the upper layer of sediments, with subsequent increases in surface concentrations and loss to the overlying water column.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0278-4343(01)00118-2","issn":"02784343","usgsCitation":"Sherwood, C.R., Drake, D., Wiberg, P., and Wheatcroft, R.A., 2002, Prediction of the fate of p,p'-DDE in sediment on the Palos Verdes shelf, California, USA: Continental Shelf Research, v. 22, no. 6-7, p. 1025-1058, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0278-4343(01)00118-2.","productDescription":"34 p.","startPage":"1025","endPage":"1058","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233269,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Palos Verdes shelf","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -118.46557617187499,\n              33.764307046898494\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.48205566406251,\n              33.696922692957685\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.46694946289064,\n              33.66149615643826\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.45321655273438,\n              33.637489243170826\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.40927124023438,\n              33.62948545097293\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.38043212890625,\n              33.592887216626245\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.30764770507811,\n              33.57687060377715\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.28842163085938,\n              33.62605502663528\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.25546264648438,\n              33.65349459599047\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.28567504882812,\n              33.6912097228257\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.32000732421875,\n              33.70263528325575\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.36257934570312,\n              33.716343950060214\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.42437744140625,\n              33.714059324224124\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.46557617187499,\n              33.764307046898494\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"22","issue":"6-7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a81f6e4b0c8380cd7b81a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sherwood, C. R.","contributorId":48235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherwood","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Drake, D.E.","contributorId":48150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drake","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wiberg, P.L.","contributorId":33827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiberg","given":"P.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wheatcroft, R. A.","contributorId":76503,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wheatcroft","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70024578,"text":"70024578 - 2002 - North Atlantic Deep Water export to the Southern Ocean over the past 14 Myr: Evidence from Nd and Pb isotopes in ferromanganese crusts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-02T09:29:00","indexId":"70024578","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3002,"text":"Paleoceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"North Atlantic Deep Water export to the Southern Ocean over the past 14 Myr: Evidence from Nd and Pb isotopes in ferromanganese crusts","docAbstract":"The intensity of North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) production has been one of the most important parameters controlling the global thermohaline ocean circulation system and climate. Here we present a new approach to reconstruct the overall strength of NADW export from the North Atlantic to the Southern Ocean over the past 14 Myr applying the deep water Nd and Pb isotope composition as recorded by ferromanganese crusts and nodules. We present the first long-term Nd and Pb isotope time series for deep Southern Ocean water masses, which are compared with previously published time series for NADW from the NW Atlantic Ocean. These data suggest a continuous and strong export of NADW, or a precursor of it, into the Southern Ocean between 14 and 3 Ma. An increasing difference in Nd and Pb isotope compositions between the NW Atlantic and the Southern Ocean over the past 3 Myr gives evidence for a progressive overall reduction of NADW export since the onset of Northern Hemisphere glaciation (NHG). The Nd isotope data allow us to assess at least semiquantitatively that the amount of this reduction has been in the range between 14 and 37% depending on location.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Paleoceanography","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/2000PA000606","issn":"08838305","usgsCitation":"Frank, M., Whiteley, N., Kasten, S., Hein, J., and O’Nions, K., 2002, North Atlantic Deep Water export to the Southern Ocean over the past 14 Myr: Evidence from Nd and Pb isotopes in ferromanganese crusts: Paleoceanography, v. 17, no. 2, p. 12-13, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000PA000606.","startPage":"12","endPage":"13","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478695,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2000pa000606","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":233230,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":293251,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000PA000606"}],"volume":"17","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a67ece4b0c8380cd73521","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Frank, M.","contributorId":103396,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frank","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Whiteley, N.","contributorId":37924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whiteley","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kasten, S.","contributorId":37506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kasten","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hein, J.R. 0000-0002-5321-899X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5321-899X","contributorId":61429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hein","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"O’Nions, K.","contributorId":39165,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Nions","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70024565,"text":"70024565 - 2002 - Physical and chemical effects of grain aggregates on the Palos Verdes margin, southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:06","indexId":"70024565","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1333,"text":"Continental Shelf Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Physical and chemical effects of grain aggregates on the Palos Verdes margin, southern California","docAbstract":"Large discharges of wastewater and particulate matter from the outfalls of the Los Angeles County Sanitation Districts onto the Palos Verdes shelf since 1937 have produced an effluent-affected sediment deposit characterized by low bulk density, elevated organic matter content, and a high percentage of fine silt and clay particles relative to underlying native sands and sandy silts. Comparison of the results of grain-size analyses using a gentle wet-sieving technique that preserves certain grain aggregates to the results of standard size analyses of disaggregated particles shows that high percentages (up to 50%) of the silt and clay fractions of the effluent-affected mud are incorporated in aggregates having intermediate diameters in the fine-to-medium sand size range (63-500 ??m), Scanning electron microscope images of the aggregates show that they are predominantly oval fecal pellets or irregularly shaped fragments of pellets. Deposit-feeding polychaete worms such as Capitella sp. and Mediomastus sp., abundant in the mud-rich effluent-affected sediment on Palos Verdes shelf, are probably responsible for most of the grain aggregates through fecal pellet production. Particle settling rates and densities, and the concentrations of organic carbon and p,p???-DDE, a metabolite of the hydrophobic pesticide DDT, were determined for seven grain-size fractions in the effluent-affected sediment. Fecal pellet grain densities ranged from about 1.2 to 1.5 g/cc, and their average settling rates were reduced to the equivalent of about one phi size relative to spherical quartz grains of the same diameter. However, repackaging of fine silt and clay grains into the sand-sized fecal pellets causes an effective settling rate increase of up to 3 orders of magnitude for the smallest particles incorporated in the pellets. Moreover, organic carbon and p,p???-DDE exhibit a bimodal distribution with relatively high concentrations in the finest size fraction (0-20 ??m), as expected, and a second concentration peak associated with the sand-sized fecal pellets. The repackaging of fine-grained particles along with their adsorbed chemical compounds into relatively fast-settling pellets has important implications for the mobilization and transport of the sediment and the desorption of chemicals from grain surfaces. ?? 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Continental Shelf Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0278-4343(01)00115-7","issn":"02784343","usgsCitation":"Drake, D., Eganhouse, R., and McArthur, W., 2002, Physical and chemical effects of grain aggregates on the Palos Verdes margin, southern California: Continental Shelf Research, v. 22, no. 6-7, p. 967-986, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0278-4343(01)00115-7.","startPage":"967","endPage":"986","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207823,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0278-4343(01)00115-7"},{"id":233055,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"6-7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7a7de4b0c8380cd78f35","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Drake, D.E.","contributorId":48150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drake","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eganhouse, R.","contributorId":30790,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eganhouse","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McArthur, W.","contributorId":73782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McArthur","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
]}