Dissolved selenium is a contaminant of concern in the lower Gunnison River Basin, Colorado. Selenium is naturally present in the Cretaceous Mancos Shale and is leached to groundwater and surface water by irrigation. The groundwater on the east side of the Uncompahgre River in Delta and Montrose Counties is one of the primary sources of selenium concentration and load to surface water in the lower Gunnison River Basin. Although little information about the contribution of groundwater to surface water has been historically available, groundwater has often been implicated as an appreciable source of selenium to surface water. From 2012 to 2016, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation, the Colorado Water Conservation Board, and the Gunnison Basin Selenium Management Program, established a 30-well groundwater-monitoring network on irrigated land to characterize the hydrology and groundwater quality of the shallow groundwater system on the east side of the Uncompahgre River in the lower Gunnison River Basin. The installation of the 30-well network and the data collected allowed for the development of a conceptual model of selenium mobilization and transport in the shallow groundwater system. Monitoring wells were completed in surficial deposits and in weathered Mancos Shale, which generally exhibited unconfined and confined conditions, respectively. Groundwater-quality monitoring provides information on the distribution of selenium and the geochemical processes controlling selenium concentrations in shallow groundwater. Monitoring wells were sampled between August 2013 and March 2015 to understand groundwater quality, seasonality, sources of recharge, and groundwater age. Concentrations of dissolved selenium ranged from below the limit of detection to 4,100 micrograms per liter (µg/L), with a median concentration of 14 µg/L. Concentrations showed a high degree of spatial variability and no seasonal difference. Similarly, no seasonal pattern was observed in specific conductance values of groundwater despite the considerably lower specific conductance value of irrigation water.
Reduction-oxidation processes are important controls on selenium mobility. Nitrate derived from geologic material was a primary control on reduction-oxidation conditions in groundwater and inhibited selenium reduction to less mobile forms. Nitrate was reduced by denitrification in groundwater, but it was not reduced to the extent necessary to allow for selenium reduction. Groundwater ages were determined for groundwater samples from eight wells and ranged from 6 to 20 years old. Isotopic data indicate groundwater was recharged by irrigation water; no information collected supported an older, deeper source of recharge to the shallow groundwater system. Data on water level in all wells showed response to irrigation practices, but the response was delayed in some wells, which may be an indication of distance from recharge source.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20195029","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation, the Colorado Water Conservation Board, and the Gunnison Basin Selenium Management Program","usgsCitation":"Thomas, J.C., McMahon, P.B., and Arnold, L.R., 2019, Groundwater quality and hydrology with emphasis on selenium mobilization and transport in the lower Gunnison River Basin, Colorado, 2012–16: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2019–5029, 69 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20195029.","productDescription":"viii, 69 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-084069","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":365132,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2019/5029/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":365133,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2019/5029/sir20195029.pdf","text":"Report","size":"10.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2019–5029"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Lower Gunnison River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -108.80584716796875,\n 39.01064750994083\n ],\n [\n -109.11895751953125,\n 38.8782049970615\n ],\n [\n -108.6328125,\n 38.10214399750345\n ],\n [\n -108.69598388671875,\n 37.77288579232439\n ],\n [\n -107.87750244140625,\n 37.309014074275915\n ],\n [\n -107.4462890625,\n 37.31338308990806\n ],\n [\n -107.1441650390625,\n 37.727280276860036\n ],\n [\n -107.18536376953125,\n 38.07620357665235\n ],\n [\n -107.26776123046875,\n 38.50304202775689\n ],\n [\n -107.50671386718749,\n 38.9380483825641\n ],\n [\n -107.6495361328125,\n 39.115144700901475\n ],\n [\n -108.80584716796875,\n 39.01064750994083\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Colorado Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046, MS-415
Denver, CO 80225-0046
Infections from antibiotic resistant microorganisms are considered to be one of the greatest global public health challenges that result in huge annual economic losses. While genes that impart resistance to antibiotics (AbR) existed long before the discovery and use of antibiotics, anthropogenic uses of antibiotics in agriculture, domesticated animals, and humans are known to influence the prevalence of these genes in pathogenic microorganisms. It is critical to understand the role that natural and anthropogenic processes have on the occurrence and distribution of antibiotic resistance in microbial populations to minimize health risks associated with exposures. As part of this research, 15 antibiotic resistance genes were analyzed in coastal sediments and soils along the eastern seaboard of the USA using presence/absence quantitative and digital polymerase chain reaction assays. Samples (53 soil and 192 sediment samples including 54 replicates) were collected from a variety of coastal settings where human and wildlife exposure is likely. At least one of the antibiotic resistance genes was detected in 76.4% of the samples. Samples that contained at least five or more antibiotic resistance genes (5.7%) where typically hydrologically down gradient of watersheds influenced by combined sewer outfalls (CSO). The most frequently detected antibiotic resistance target genes were found in 33.2%, 34.4%, and 42.2% of samples (target genes blaSHV, tetO, and aadA2, respectively). These data provide unique insight into potential exposure of AbR genes over a large geographical region of the eastern seaboard of the USA.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer International Publishing","doi":"10.1007/s10661-019-7426-z","usgsCitation":"Griffin, D.W., Benzel, W., Fisher, S.C., Focazio, M.J., Iwanowicz, L.R., Loftin, K., Reilly, T.J., and Jones, D.K., 2019, The presence of antibiotic resistance genes in coastal soil and sediment samples from the eastern seaboard of the USA: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v. 19, no. Suppl 2, 300, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-019-7426-z.","productDescription":"300, 17 p.","ipdsId":"IP-086519","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5056,"text":"Office of the AD 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scfisher@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6324-1061","contributorId":4843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Shawn","email":"scfisher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":769595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Focazio, Michael J. 0000-0003-0967-5576 mfocazio@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0967-5576","contributorId":1276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Focazio","given":"Michael","email":"mfocazio@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":5056,"text":"Office of the AD Energy and Minerals, and Environmental Health","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":38175,"text":"Toxics Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":769596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Iwanowicz, Luke R. 0000-0002-1197-6178 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tjreilly@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2939-3050","contributorId":1858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reilly","given":"Timothy","email":"tjreilly@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":769599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Jones, Daniel K. 0000-0003-0724-8001 dkjones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0724-8001","contributorId":4959,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Daniel","email":"dkjones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":769600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70204015,"text":"sir20195040 - 2019 - Capacity and area of Grand Lake O’ the Cherokees, northeastern Oklahoma, 2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-28T09:37:04","indexId":"sir20195040","displayToPublicDate":"2019-06-27T19:35:22","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2019-5040","displayTitle":"Capacity and Area of Grand Lake O’ the Cherokees, Northeastern Oklahoma, 2009","title":"Capacity and area of Grand Lake O’ the Cherokees, northeastern Oklahoma, 2009","docAbstract":"In February 2017, the Grand River Dam Authority filed to relicense the Pensacola Hydroelectric Project with the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission. The predominant feature of the Pensacola Hydroelectric Project is Pensacola Dam, which impounds Grand Lake O’ the Cherokees (locally called Grand Lake) in northeastern Oklahoma. Identification of information gaps and assessment of project effects on stakeholders are central aspects of the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission relicensing process. Due to the natural changes to the reservoir over time, new capacity and area tables are needed periodically. The most recent complete capacity and area table was produced in 1940. Capacity and area tables identify the relations between the elevation of the water surface and the volume of water that can be impounded at each water surface elevation. This report (1) presents an updated capacity and area table for Grand Lake O’ the Cherokees for 2009, (2) describes the methods used to calculate the updated capacity and area values presented in the table, and (3) compares the updated capacity table to historical capacity tables produced from a survey in 1940 and from a hydrographic survey of the lake by the Oklahoma Water Resources Board in 2009.
The new capacity values computed for Grand Lake O’ the Cherokees indicate that capacity at conservation pool elevation has decreased about 157,000 acre-feet or 10 percent since 1940 and capacity at top of dam elevation has decreased about 200,000 acre-feet or 8 percent since 1940. This difference in the capacities could be attributed to the advancements of technologies; the techniques used for surveying lakes have changed from the 1940 survey to the 2009 survey. Another possible reason for loss in capacity could be as time progresses, lakes like Grand Lake O’ the Cherokees slowly impound sediment carried by the rivers that feed into the lakes, thus diminishing the amount of water that the lake holds. The most recent survey used measured water depths and Global Position System collected electronically, but the methods used to collect data in 1940 are unknown. Due to the advancement of technology, the 2009 survey is likely more precise than the 1940 survey.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20195040","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Grand River Dam Authority","usgsCitation":"Hunter, S.L., and Labriola, L.G., 2019, Capacity and area of Grand Lake O’ the Cherokees, northeastern Oklahoma, 2009: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2019–5040, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20195040.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 18 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"28","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-104220","costCenters":[{"id":516,"text":"Oklahoma Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":365105,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9VDBFWJ","text":"USGS data release ","description":"USGS Data Release","linkHelpText":"Data release for capacity and area of Grand Lake O’ the Cherokees, northeastern Oklahoma, 2009"},{"id":365103,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2019/5040/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":365104,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2019/5040/sir20195040.pdf","text":"Report","size":"12.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2019–5040"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oklahoma","otherGeospatial":"Grand Lake O’ the Cherokees","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.79141235351561,\n 36.832370801556834\n ],\n [\n -94.81475830078124,\n 36.771892444961026\n ],\n [\n -94.80926513671875,\n 36.705861603381145\n ],\n [\n -94.86007690429688,\n 36.66952043455806\n ],\n [\n -94.910888671875,\n 36.691547435472636\n ],\n [\n -95.08941650390625,\n 36.485348924361425\n ],\n [\n -95.0592041015625,\n 36.45000844447082\n ],\n [\n -94.94522094726562,\n 36.48093224547937\n ],\n [\n -94.89715576171875,\n 36.45000844447082\n ],\n [\n -94.85733032226562,\n 36.465471886798134\n ],\n [\n -94.89715576171875,\n 36.518465989675875\n ],\n [\n -94.87518310546875,\n 36.53612263184686\n ],\n [\n -94.85183715820312,\n 36.516258626036624\n ],\n [\n -94.79141235351561,\n 36.52839834681223\n ],\n [\n -94.72686767578125,\n 36.54163950596125\n ],\n [\n -94.7515869140625,\n 36.59127365634205\n ],\n [\n -94.73648071289061,\n 36.62103883480288\n ],\n [\n -94.63485717773438,\n 36.64638529597495\n ],\n [\n -94.69253540039062,\n 36.76639204454785\n ],\n [\n -94.70489501953125,\n 36.82247761166621\n ],\n [\n -94.79141235351561,\n 36.832370801556834\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Oklahoma Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
202 NW 66th Street, Building 7
Oklahoma City, OK 73116
The Stochastic Empirical Loading and Dilution Model (SELDM) was developed by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the Federal Highway Administration to simulate stormwater quality. To assess the effects of runoff, SELDM uses a stochastic mass-balance approach to estimate combinations of pre-storm streamflow, stormflow, highway runoff, event mean concentrations (EMCs) and stormwater constituent loads from a site of interest. In addition, SELDM can be used to assess the effects of stormwater Best Management Practices (BMPs), which are designed to mitigate the adverse effects of runoff into a waterbody.
Adverse effects of stormwater on receiving waters are one of the greatest unsolved water-quality problems Nationwide. State DOTs, municipalities, Federal facilities, and private property owners who manage impervious surfaces need information about the potential magnitude of their contributions and the potential effectiveness of methods to mitigate the adverse effects of runoff. Because the efficacy of at-site controls are limited, information about the potential effectiveness of alternative strategies is needed.
The USGS, in cooperation with the Oregon Department of Transportation (ODOT), conducted a study to research methods in which SELDM can be used to enhance the efficiency of ODOT’s stormwater program, support the development of a stormwater banking program, and meet environmental goals. Results can be used to develop a strategic, systems-level approach to stormwater management by considering entire watersheds instead of individual road crossings. Two watersheds, Bear Creek and Mill Creek, in western Oregon were selected for analysis. Within each watershed, seven road crossings were selected for demonstrating the utility of SELDM in nested basins.
Precipitation statistics, pre-storm streamflow, runoff coefficients, and hydrograph recession factors were calculated for each location and used in SELDM to simulate flow, water-quality concentrations, and constituent loads in the upstream basin, from the highway (or developed area), and downstream from the road crossing. Three water-quality constituents were selected for modeling: suspended-sediment concentration (SSC), total phosphorus (TP), and total copper (TCu). Using water-quality transport curves, the relations between streamflow and SSC and between streamflow and TP were simulated. Concentrations of TCu were simulated by configuring a linear relation between SSC and TCu. A generic BMP was simulated using the median treatment statistics for flow reductions, hydrograph extensions, concentration reductions, and minimum irreducible concentrations from nine BMP categories with data from the 2012 International BMP database.
Five simulation scenarios were modeled for demonstrative purposes. These simulations were used to evaluate potential effects of different watershed properties, water-quality inputs, and stormwater mitigation measures. Instream EMCs were compared to hypothetical water-quality criteria for suspended sediment, total phosphorus, and total copper to demonstrate the concept of water-quality risk analysis. For all five scenarios, it was assumed that highway runoff concentrations were independent of location or average annual daily traffic. These five scenarios are as follows:
• Simulation Scenario 1—Natural Conditions (hereafter Simulation Scenario 1) represents conditions in an undeveloped watershed. This scenario demonstrates that the strategic placement of a hypothetical road crossing within a watershed could be used to avoid exceeding water-quality standards of TP and SSC, but that no location choice results in meeting TCu standards. Implementation of BMP had the most pronounced effects on downstream water-quality constituent EMCs at road crossings with the highest ratio of highway catchment area to upstream drainage area, but the largest effect of BMP treatment on mean annual load is based on highway catchment area alone.
• Simulation Scenario 2—Current Conditions (hereafter Simulation Scenario 2) represents current watershed conditions, where all developed area upstream from the road crossing was modeled as a highway and combined with the undeveloped part of the upstream drainage area (scenario 2A) and where the output from scenario 2A is used for the upstream area (developed area and the undeveloped area), and where the road crossing is added as usual (scenario 2B). Scenario 2 results indicate that attaining water-quality standards is more difficult with upstream developed areas. Specific road-crossing sites can be selected to achieve the fewest water-quality exceedances per year, but water-quality targets are not met without BMP implementation, and in some instances are not achievable even with BMP implementation. Results from this scenario also serve to quantify the upper limit of constituent reduction if funding were available to implement BMPs to large areas of development, and to quantify how much area would need BMP implementation to achieve water-quality targets.
• Simulation Scenario 3—Alternative Road Layouts (hereafter Simulation Scenario 3) was designed to assess the sensitivity of SELDM to various road layouts. In this scenario, different highway configurations were superimposed at one road crossing. Results indicate that downstream waterquality constituent EMCs did not exhibit much variation, but annual water-quality constituent loads varied considerably.
• Simulation Scenario 4—Varying Road Width (hereafter Simulation Scenario 4) was designed to assess the sensitivity of SELDM to road width. Similar to scenario 3, the results indicate little variation in downstream water-quality constituent EMCs, but annual water-quality constituent loads increased in proportion to road width.
• Simulation scenario 5—Changes to Impervious Area (hereafter Simulation Scenario 5) was designed to investigate the effects of changing amounts of imperviousness upstream from the road crossing. Results indicate that the downstream water-quality constituent EMCs are highly correlated with the percentage of impervious area upstream.
Director, Oregon Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2130 SW 5th Avenue
Portland, Oregon 97201
The Oncorhynchus clarkii virginalis (Rio Grande cutthroat trout, RGCT) has undergone extensive declines in distribution and population. The RGCT is the southernmost distributed subspecies of cutthroat trout. Native to the Rio Grande Basin in Colorado and New Mexico, the subspecies is also found in the headwaters of the Pecos River and Canadian River basins in New Mexico. Currently, RGCT populations represent approximately 12 percent of the historic distribution. There are many factors that have contributed to the decline of the RGCT including small population sizes; hybridization with non-native salmonids; competition with non-native salmonids; angling; and loss of habitat resulting from wildfire, stream drying, disease, increased water temperatures; and poor land management.
The eastern side of Colorado’s Rio Grande Basin is also home to Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve and the Sand Creek watershed. This study was designed to (1) characterize current physical and biological conditions of waterbodies within the Sand Creek watershed, from headwaters to lower terminus near the dune field; (2) characterize the spatial extent of existing fisheries within the Sand Creek watershed to inform the scope of potential future reclamation efforts; and (3) evaluate key limiting factors for a future native RGCT reintroduction.
Bathymetric profiles were completed for two lakes within the upper Sand Creek drainage to characterize the physical geometry of each lake and to estimate the total lake volume required for future piscicide treatment and (or) fish removal efforts. Physical and biological conditions evaluated included stream water temperature and intermittency, discharge, and the genetics and existing fish community distribution and composition within the Sand Creek watershed were key components of this study. A baseline established the geographic extent and biological constraints factored into future piscicide treatment planning and native trout reintroduction efforts.
As a result of this work, the Sand Creek watershed can be broken up into several distinct categories: Lakes that are good candidates for reclamation and reintroduction of RGCT, lakes that are poor candidates for reclamation, streams that currently have fish and are good candidates for reclamation and reintroduction, streams that currently lack fish and may be good candidates for introduction of RGCT, and streams that currently lack fish and are not good candidates for introduction of RGCT. This characterization study report is intended to inform State and Federal managers of the likelihood that the Sand Creek watershed can support a sustainable population of RGCT should they be reintroduced.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20195061","collaboration":"Prepared in Cooperation with the National Park Service","usgsCitation":"McGee, B.N., Todd, A.S., and Terry, K.A., 2019, Sand Creek characterization study for Oncorhynchus clarkii virginalis (Rio Grande cutthroat trout), Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2019–5061, 38 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20195061.","productDescription":"38 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-101143","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":365287,"rank":3,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2019/5061/versionHist.txt","text":"Version History","size":"1 kB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"SIR 2019–5061 version history"},{"id":365110,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2019/5061/sir20195061.pdf","text":"Report","size":"17.4 MB ","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2019–5061"},{"id":365109,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2019/5061/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Great Sand Dunes National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -105.9686279296875,\n 37.57505900514996\n ],\n [\n -105.2764892578125,\n 37.57505900514996\n ],\n [\n -105.2764892578125,\n 38.048091067457236\n ],\n [\n -105.9686279296875,\n 38.048091067457236\n ],\n [\n -105.9686279296875,\n 37.57505900514996\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Geology, Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046, MS-973
Denver, CO 80225-0046
Water samples from 50 domestic wells located <1 km (proximal) and >1 km (distal) from shale-gas wells in upland areas of the Marcellus Shale region were analyzed for chemical, isotopic, and groundwater-age tracers. Uplands were targeted because natural mixing with brine and hydrocarbons from deep formations is less common in those areas compared to valleys. CH4-isotope, predrill CH4-concentration, and other data indicate that one proximal sample (5% of proximal samples) contains thermogenic CH4 (2.6 mg/L) from a relatively shallow source (Catskill/Lock Haven Formations) that appears to have been mobilized by shale-gas production activities. Another proximal sample contains five other volatile hydrocarbons (0.03–0.4 μg/L), including benzene, more hydrocarbons than in any other sample. Modeled groundwater-age distributions, calibrated to 3H, SF6, and 14C concentrations, indicate that water in that sample recharged prior to shale-gas development, suggesting that land-surface releases associated with shale-gas production were not the source of those hydrocarbons, although subsurface leakage from a nearby gas well directly into the groundwater cannot be ruled out. Age distributions in the samples span ∼20 to >10000 years and have implications for relating occurrences of hydrocarbons in groundwater to land-surface releases associated with recent shale-gas production and for the time required to flush contaminants from the system.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.9b01440","usgsCitation":"McMahon, P.B., Lindsey, B.D., Conlon, M.D., Hunt, A.G., Belitz, K., Jurgens, B., and Varela, B.A., 2019, Hydrocarbons in upland groundwater, Marcellus Shale Region, Northeastern Pennsylvania and Southern New York, USA: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 53, no. 14, p. 8027-8035, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b01440.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"8027","endPage":"8035","ipdsId":"IP-104959","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5078,"text":"Southwest Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":437401,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P93M7JCD","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Data Release for Hydrocarbons in Upland Groundwater, Marcellus Shale Region, Northeastern Pennsylvania and Southern New York, USA"},{"id":365631,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York, Pennsylvania","volume":" 53","issue":"14","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-06-27","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McMahon, Peter B. 0000-0001-7452-2379 pmcmahon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7452-2379","contributorId":724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMahon","given":"Peter","email":"pmcmahon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":766203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lindsey, Bruce D. 0000-0002-7180-4319 blindsey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7180-4319","contributorId":175346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindsey","given":"Bruce","email":"blindsey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":766204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Conlon, Matthew D. 0000-0001-8266-9610 mconlon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8266-9610","contributorId":201291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conlon","given":"Matthew","email":"mconlon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":766205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hunt, Andrew G. 0000-0002-3810-8610 ahunt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3810-8610","contributorId":1582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"Andrew","email":"ahunt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":766206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Belitz, Kenneth 0000-0003-4481-2345","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-2345","contributorId":201889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belitz","given":"Kenneth","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":766207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jurgens, Bryant C. 0000-0002-1572-113X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1572-113X","contributorId":203409,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jurgens","given":"Bryant","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":766208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Varela, Brian A. 0000-0001-9849-6742 bvarela@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9849-6742","contributorId":178091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Varela","given":"Brian","email":"bvarela@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":766209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70204037,"text":"70204037 - 2019 - Morphology and genesis of giant seafloor depressions on the southeasterncontinental shelf of the Korean Peninsula","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-28T09:25:09","indexId":"70204037","displayToPublicDate":"2019-06-27T14:31:58","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Morphology and genesis of giant seafloor depressions on the southeasterncontinental shelf of the Korean Peninsula","docAbstract":"We identify and describe five giant seafloor depressions from the southeastern continental shelf of the Korean Peninsula using multibeam bathymetry, sub-bottom profiler, and multi-channel seismic reflection data, supplemented by piston cores. Multibeam bathymetry data from the shelf show four crescent-shaped depressions (SD1 to SD4) and one near-circular depression (SD5) within a group of NW-SE trending depressions, the largest covering an area of about 7 km2 on the seafloor. The depressions reach up to ~4.5 km in width and ~2 km in length and have asymmetric cross-sections. Some have depths as large as 40 m below the surrounding seafloor with walls as steep as 45°. The depressions are confined to water depths between 130 and 170 m and bounded on the north by a large submarine channel that was plausibly formed by fluvial or tidal processes during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) sea-level lowstand. Multi-channel seismic and sub-bottom profiler data reveal truncated depression walls and the presence of sediment drift deposits within the depressions, indicating that both erosion and deposition are active processes. Flaser and lenticular bedding in the cored drift deposits along with variable grain size (ranging between ~2.6 phi and ~4.3 phi) are diagnostic features of the bottom currents influenced by tidal forces. Depressions SD1 to SD4 lack evidence of fluid or gas escape. In contrast, many features of depression SD5 are characteristic of gas escapes and blowouts, including acoustic anomalies, a 20-m-high carbonate mound or carbonate-encrusted mound, and mud dikes and mud patches in cores. Based on the SD5 example, we think it is likely that the other crescent-shaped seafloor depressions formed originally as pockmarks by gas/fluid venting, and have since become inactive. The pockmarks represent zones of weakened sediment that were eroded, expanded, and merged by bottom currents to form larger seafloor depressions. Modern currents are strong enough to transport shelf sediments, and these currents were probably much stronger at lower sea levels when the Korea Strait was a more restricted passage between the East China Sea and East Sea.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.margeo.2019.105966","usgsCitation":"Cukur, D., Kong, G., Chun, J., Kang, M., Um, I., Kwon, T., Jordan, S.E., and Kim, K., 2019, Morphology and genesis of giant seafloor depressions on the southeasterncontinental shelf of the Korean Peninsula: Marine Geology, v. 415, 105966, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2019.105966.","productDescription":"105966, 13 p.","ipdsId":"IP-106382","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":365123,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"North Korea, South Korea","otherGeospatial":"Korea Strait","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 127.869873046875,\n 33.284619968887675\n ],\n [\n 130.97900390625,\n 33.284619968887675\n ],\n [\n 130.97900390625,\n 37.18657859524883\n ],\n [\n 127.869873046875,\n 37.18657859524883\n ],\n [\n 127.869873046875,\n 33.284619968887675\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"415","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cukur, Deniz","contributorId":216636,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cukur","given":"Deniz","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":39491,"text":"Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources (KIGAM","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":765221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kong, Gee-Soo","contributorId":216637,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kong","given":"Gee-Soo","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":39491,"text":"Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources (KIGAM","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":765254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chun, Jong-Hwa","contributorId":216638,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chun","given":"Jong-Hwa","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":39491,"text":"Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources (KIGAM","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":765223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kang, Moo-Hee","contributorId":216639,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kang","given":"Moo-Hee","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":39491,"text":"Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources (KIGAM","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":765224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Um, In-Kwon","contributorId":216640,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Um","given":"In-Kwon","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":39491,"text":"Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources (KIGAM","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":765225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kwon, Taekhyun","contributorId":216641,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kwon","given":"Taekhyun","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":39491,"text":"Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources (KIGAM","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":765226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Jordan, Samuel E. 0000-0001-6074-3330","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6074-3330","contributorId":216635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jordan","given":"Samuel","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":765220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Kim, Kyong-O","contributorId":216642,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kim","given":"Kyong-O","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":39491,"text":"Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources (KIGAM","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":765227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70263727,"text":"70263727 - 2019 - Evaluating tradeoffs in the response of Sora (Porzana carolina) and waterfowl to the timing of early autumn wetland inundation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-02-20T19:12:23.90001","indexId":"70263727","displayToPublicDate":"2019-06-27T13:04:35","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3731,"text":"Waterbirds","onlineIssn":"19385390","printIssn":"15244695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Evaluating tradeoffs in the response of Sora (Porzana carolina) and waterfowl to the timing of early autumn wetland inundation","title":"Evaluating tradeoffs in the response of Sora (Porzana carolina) and waterfowl to the timing of early autumn wetland inundation","docAbstract":"Wetland loss has increased the importance of multi-species management in remaining wetlands, which provide habitat for a multitude of wetland-dependent species. Many public wetlands across the mid-latitude United States are managed as moist soil impoundments with emphasis on migratory waterfowl. However, how the timing of these water management decisions affects rails is still uncertain. Wetland managers identified this as an area of uncertainty regarding timing of alternative water management strategies to benefit waterfowl and rails, which was addressed through a 3-year management experiment. Sora (Porzana carolina) and waterfowl were surveyed on 10 public wetland properties in Missouri, USA from 2014-2016, and their responses to early autumn inundation of managed palustrine wetlands were compared. A total of 558 Sora surveys detected 5,755 birds (20.6 birds/survey ± 30.8 SD), and 1,304 waterfowl surveys detected 1,411,779 birds (15,686.4 birds/survey ± 23,933.9 SD). Sora responded positively (birds/ha) to inundation of moist soil impoundments earlier in autumn migration (August). The top model for Sora included treatment, year and region of Missouri. There was no difference in waterfowl abundance between early or late inundation. Inundating wetlands earlier in autumn migration can provide habitat for migrating Sora without negative effects on waterfowl use of those wetlands, and wetland managers can incorporate this into their decision-making framework.
","language":"English","publisher":"BioOne","doi":"10.1675/063.042.0203","usgsCitation":"Fournier, A., Mengel, D., Gbur, E., Raedeke, A., and Krementz, D.G., 2019, Evaluating tradeoffs in the response of Sora (Porzana carolina) and waterfowl to the timing of early autumn wetland inundation: Waterbirds, v. 42, no. 2, p. 168-178, https://doi.org/10.1675/063.042.0203.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"168","endPage":"178","ipdsId":"IP-093134","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":489951,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1675/063.042.0203","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":482298,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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Arkansas","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":927966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Raedeke, Andy","contributorId":341916,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Raedeke","given":"Andy","affiliations":[{"id":16971,"text":"Missouri Department of Conservation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":927967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Krementz, David G. 0000-0002-5661-4541 dkrementz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5661-4541","contributorId":2827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krementz","given":"David","email":"dkrementz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":927968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70204078,"text":"70204078 - 2019 - Spatial conservation planning under uncertainty: Adapting to climate change risks using modern portfolio theory","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-08T18:02:17.95215","indexId":"70204078","displayToPublicDate":"2019-06-27T12:47:12","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial conservation planning under uncertainty: Adapting to climate change risks using modern portfolio theory","docAbstract":"Climate change and urban growth impact habitats, species, and ecosystem services. To buffer against global change, an established adaptation strategy is designing protected areas to increase representation and complementarity of biodiversity features. Uncertainty regarding the scale and magnitude of landscape change complicates reserve planning and exposes decision makers to risk of failing to meet conservation goals. Conservation planning tends to treat risk as an absolute measure, ignoring the context of the management problem and risk preferences of stakeholders. Application to conservation of risk management theory emphasizes diversification of portfolio of assets, with the goal of reducing the impact of system volatility on investment return. We use principles of Modern Portfolio Theory (MPT), which quantifies risk as the variance and correlation among assets, to formalize diversification as an explicit strategy for managing risk in climate‐driven reserve design. We extend MPT to specify a framework that evaluates multiple conservation objectives, allows decision makers to balance management benefits and risk when preferences are contested or unknown, and includes additional decision options such as parcel divestment when evaluating candidate reserve designs. We apply an efficient search algorithm that optimizes portfolio design for large conservation problems and a game theoretic approach to evaluate portfolio tradeoffs that satisfy decision makers with divergent benefit and risk tolerances, or when a single decision maker cannot resolve their own preferences. Evaluating several risk profiles for a case study in South Carolina, our results suggest that a reserve design may be somewhat robust to differences in risk attitude but that budgets will likely be important determinants of conservation planning strategies, particularly when divestment is considered a viable alternative. We identify a possible fiscal threshold where adequate resources allow protecting a sufficiently diverse portfolio of habitats such that the risk of failing to achieve conservation objectives is considerably lower. For a range of sea‐level rise projections, conversion of habitat to open water (14‐180%) and wetland loss (1‐7%) are unable to be compensated under the current protected network. In contrast, optimal reserve design outcomes are predicted to ameliorate expected losses relative to current and future habitat protected under the existing conservation estate.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1002/eap.1962","usgsCitation":"Eaton, M., Yurek, S., Haider, Z., Martin, J., Johnson, F., Udell, B., Charkhgard, H., and Kwon, C., 2019, Spatial conservation planning under uncertainty: Adapting to climate change risks using modern portfolio theory: Ecological Applications, v. 29, no. 2, e01962, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.1962.","productDescription":"e01962, 19 p.","ipdsId":"IP-103774","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40926,"text":"Southeast Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":365283,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Cape Romain National Wildlife Refuge, Frances Marion National Forest","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": 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The flood-inundation maps, which can be accessed through the USGS Flood Inundation Mapping Science website at https://water.usgs.gov/osw/flood_inundation/, depict estimates of the areal extent and depth of flooding corresponding to selected water levels (stages) at the USGS streamgage 05451770 on the Iowa River at County Highway E49 near Tama, Iowa. Near-real-time stages at this streamgage may be obtained on the internet from the USGS National Water Information System at https://waterdata.usgs.gov/ or the National Weather Service (NWS) Advanced Hydrologic Prediction Service at https://water.weather.gov/ahps/, which also forecasts flood hydrographs at this site.
Flood profiles were computed for the stream reach by means of a calibrated one-dimensional and two-dimensional step-backwater hydraulic model. The model was calibrated by using the current stage-discharge relation at the USGS streamgage 05451770 on the Iowa River at County Highway E49 near Tama, Iowa, and stage and discharge data from historic flooding events that were recorded at the streamgage.
The hydraulic model was then used to compute eight water-surface profiles for flood stages at 1-foot intervals referenced to the streamgage datum and ranging from the NWS “action stage” of 11 feet (ft) to 18 ft, the stage exceeding the estimated 0.2-percent annual exceedance probability (500-year recurrence interval) flood, as determined at the USGS streamgage 05451770. The simulated water-surface profiles were then combined with a geographic information system digital elevation model to delineate the area flooded at each flood stage (water level).
In addition, potential modifications to hydraulic structures within the flood plain were modeled so any effects from the potential modifications could be evaluated. Four comparison points, which were along the flood plain, showed little to no change (less than 0.1 ft) in flood elevation from the existing conditions within the flood plain for the 11- to 16-ft stages as referenced to the USGS streamgage 05451770. There were greater changes (more than 0.1 ft) in flood elevation for the 2 comparison points that were closest to the modified hydraulic structure for the 2 highest modeled stages of 17 and 18 ft.
The availability of these maps, along with internet information regarding current stage from the USGS streamgage and forecasted high-flow stages from the NWS, will provide emergency management personnel and residents with information that is critical for flood-response activities such as evacuations and road closures, as well as for postflood recovery efforts.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20195050","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Sac and Fox Tribe of the Mississippi in Iowa","usgsCitation":"Cigrand, C.V., 2019, Flood-inundation maps for the Iowa River at the Meskwaki Settlement in Iowa, 2019: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2019–5050, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20195050.","productDescription":"12 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-103795","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":365048,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":" https://doi.org/10.5066/P912FO3L ","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Geospatial datasets for the flood-inundation study for the Iowa River at the Meskwaki Settlement in Iowa, 2019"},{"id":365046,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2019/5050/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":365047,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2019/5050/sir20195050.pdf","text":"Report","size":"26.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2019-5050"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa","otherGeospatial":"Meskwaki Settlement","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -92.7175,41.916666666666664 ], [ -92.7175,42.034166666666664 ], [ -92.55,42.034166666666664 ], [ -92.55,41.916666666666664 ], [ -92.7175,41.916666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","contact":"Director, Central Midwest Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
400 South Clinton Street, Suite 269
Iowa City, IA 52240
Information concerning the availability, use, and quality of water in East Carroll Parish, Louisiana, is critical for proper water-supply management. The purpose of this fact sheet is to present information that can be used by water managers, parish residents, and others for stewardship of this vital resource. In 2014, 39.63 million gallons per day (Mgal/d) of water were withdrawn in East Carroll Parish: 32.43 Mgal/d from groundwater sources and 7.20 Mgal/d from surface-water sources. Withdrawals for agricultural use—composed of general irrigation, rice irrigation, and livestock—accounted for 97 percent (38.55 Mgal/d) of the total water withdrawn. Other categories of use included public supply and rural domestic. Water-use data collected at 5-year intervals from 1960 to 2010 and again in 2014 indicated that water withdrawals peaked in 1980 at 47.96 Mgal/d.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20193014","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development","usgsCitation":"White, V.E., 2019, Water resources of East Carroll Parish, Louisiana: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2019–3014, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20193014.","productDescription":"Report: 6 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"6","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-081702","costCenters":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":365084,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2019/3014/fs20193014.pdf","text":"Report","size":"929 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 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U.S. Geological Survey
3535 S. Sherwood Forest Blvd., Suite 120
Baton Rouge, LA 70816
Since 2014, the U.S. Geological Survey has been working in cooperation with the Bureau of Land Management, Mono County, Ormat Technologies, Inc., and the Mammoth Community Water District to design and implement a groundwater-monitoring program for the proposed Casa Diablo IV Geothermal Power Project in Long Valley Caldera, California, to characterize baseline groundwater-level, water-temperature, and water-chemistry conditions at dedicated monitoring wells and municipal supply wells. The publicly available data and the analyses provided here represent quality-assured and peer-reviewed information to help with the management of the thermal and non-thermal water resources beneath and in the vicinity of the town of Mammoth Lakes, California.
The methods of data collection for continuous water levels and quarterly water-temperature profiles for two 600-foot-deep monitoring wells during 2016 through 2017 are discussed. Also discussed are the methods of water-sample collection and characterizations of the water chemistry in numerous wells in the multilayered aquifer system beneath Mammoth Lakes. Additionally, the methodology used to develop digital (mathematical) filters to remove or reduce the effects of barometric pressure and solid Earth tides on the continuous water-level records is discussed.
Digitally filtered water levels for a 2017 flow test of a deep geothermal production well are described, and various aquifer responses observed during the flow test are discussed. These are further considered in a companion evaluation of potential physical and chemical influences on the water-level data collected during the flow test.
The digitally filtered water-level data indicated that some hydraulic communication exists between the deep geothermal aquifer and shallow groundwater aquifer at the location of the flow test, northeast of Mammoth Lakes. Groundwater-chemistry data from three wells indicated that shallow groundwater naturally mixes with a small component of geothermal water along the northern periphery of the shallow aquifer system at Mammoth Lakes.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20191063","usgsCitation":"Howle, J.F., Evans, W.C., Galloway, D.L., Hsieh, P.A., Hurwitz, S., Smith, G.A., and Nawikas, J., 2019, Hydraulic, geochemical, and thermal monitoring of an aquifer system in the vicinity of Mammoth Lakes, Mono County, California, 2015–17: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2019–1063, 90 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20191063.","productDescription":"Report: xii, 90 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"90","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-098793","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":437404,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9ON8U5U","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Atmospheric-loading frequency response functions and groundwater-levels filtered for the effects of atmospheric loading and solid Earth tides for three monitoring wells near Mammoth Lakes, California, 2015 - 2017"},{"id":365075,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/5bdc7dcee4b0b3fc5cf01d9d","linkHelpText":"Atmospheric-loading frequency response functions and groundwater-levels filtered for the effects of atmospheric loading and solid Earth tides for three monitoring wells near Mammoth Lakes, California, 2015–2017"},{"id":364987,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2019/1063/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":364988,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2019/1063/ofr20191063.pdf","text":"Report","size":"8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Open-File Report 2019-1063"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Mono 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California Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6000 J Street, Placer Hall
Sacramento, California 95819
The State of Nebraska requires a sustainable balance between long-term water supplies and uses of groundwater and surface water and requires Natural Resources Districts to include the effect of groundwater use on surface-water systems as part of their respective integrated management plans. Recent droughts in Nebraska (2000–6; 2012–13) have amplified concerns about the long-term sustainability of groundwater and surface-water resources in the state, and concerns about the effect of groundwater irrigation on both streamflow and the water supplies needed to meet wildlife, recreational, and municipal needs. The lower Platte River provides nearly 100 percent of drinking-water supplies to Lincoln, Nebraska, 40 to 60 percent of drinking-water supplies to Omaha, Nebr., and critical aquatic and riparian habitat for threatened and endangered species. The Lower Platte River Basin-wide Management Plan has been jointly developed by the Nebraska Department of Natural Resources and seven Natural Resources Districts to address some of these concerns by managing groundwater and surface-water resources conjunctively.
To sustain flows in the lower Platte River that are needed for municipal water supplies, water managers have proposed projects aimed at temporary storage of surface water in upstream parts of the basin to mitigate periods of low flow in the lower Platte River. To increase scientific understanding and provide support for any potential future streamflow augmentation projects, the Papio-Missouri River Natural Resources District, the Lower Platte North Natural Resources District, and the Nebraska Department of Natural Resources, in cooperation with the U.S. Geological Survey, initiated this study to examine groundwater/surface-water interaction along the lower Platte and Elkhorn Rivers upstream from their confluence. The study design described herein focused on understanding seasonal characteristics of groundwater movement and interaction with surface water during periods of high groundwater demand (June through August) and low groundwater demand (all other months). Understanding how groundwater movement and interaction with surface water are affected by streamflow conditions and local groundwater demand is critical to the development of any streamflow augmentation project intended to sustain streamflow and mitigate periods of low flow in the lower Platte River.
The characteristics of groundwater movement and interaction with surface water are affected by hydrologic and local climatic conditions. For the study area, 2016–18 conditions can be broadly characterized as above normal precipitation. The flows measured at the Elkhorn River at Waterloo, Nebr., streamflow-gaging station (U.S. Geological Survey station 06800500) were above the long-term median, and the streamflow of the Platte River near Leshara, Nebr., streamflow-gaging station (06796500) remained normal or slightly above normal for the duration of this study.
Continuous streamflow and water-level data were interpreted to examine differences in groundwater movement and interaction with surface water between the Platte and Elkhorn Rivers during high and low groundwater demand periods. Although the streamflow for the Platte and Elkhorn Rivers and their tributaries was less during the high groundwater demand period, the hydraulic gradient along a transect of recorder wells was identical (0.0012 foot per foot) during the high and low groundwater demand synoptic water-level and streamflow surveys. The hydraulic gradient between the Platte and Elkhorn Rivers generally remained between 0.0011 and 0.0012 foot per foot. It can be inferred that the hydraulic gradient, which is the only temporally variable factor in Darcy’s Law, is consistent throughout the study period and that groundwater flow does not vary appreciably along this transect.
The northern part of the study area (north of the transect of recorder wells) has consistent groundwater and tributary flow from Big Slough, Rawhide Creek (Old Channel), and Rawhide Creek for low and high groundwater demand periods. In the southern part of the study area (south of the transect of recorder wells), tributary flow is more variable and dependent on local groundwater demand and flow conditions of the Platte River. Small decreases (less than 2 feet) in the groundwater levels, such as those measured during the high groundwater demand period, can have substantial changes in the streamflow in an unnamed tributary to the Elkhorn River. The streamflow measured during the high groundwater demand synoptic water-level and streamflow survey had decreased by nearly a factor of 20 when compared to the low groundwater demand period.
The volume of groundwater discharge received by the Elkhorn River was estimated by examining the changes in streamflow between measurement locations. Streamflow measurements indicate that the groundwater discharge received by the Elkhorn River in the southern part of the study area was seasonably variable, making it difficult if not impossible to estimate an annual value. In the Elkhorn River, between the Elkhorn River at Waterloo, Nebr., streamflow-gaging station and the Q Street Bridge, streamflow measurements collected during the low groundwater demand period indicated a gain of 80 cubic feet per second, which is comparable to the gain estimated using aerial thermal infrared imagery and water temperature data. Streamflow measurements collected during the high groundwater demand period indicate a loss of 80 cubic feet per second across this same reach. In assessing water supply conditions in the lower Platte River system, the term “loss” in reference to streamflow in the Elkhorn River should be used with caution. Most likely, flow from the Elkhorn River which is “lost” to the groundwater system will later discharge to surface water closer to the confluence of the Platte and Elkhorn Rivers as underflow. A calibrated groundwater flow model of the study area likely is required to predict the fate of this water and to quantify groundwater discharge during varying hydrologic conditions along this reach.
Aerial thermal infrared imagery indicated that much of the groundwater discharge in the southern part of the study area is focused across a 3-mile reach where the Elkhorn River turns southwest, perpendicular to the regional groundwater flow direction. Points of focused groundwater discharge were not detected with aerial thermal infrared imagery, indicating that groundwater discharge is diffuse rather than concentrated at focused points. Temperature-based streambed flux estimates indicated that strong regional groundwater gradients are not driving groundwater discharge and hyporheic flow is the dominant groundwater/surface-water exchange process.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20195048","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Papio-Missouri River and Lower Platte North Natural Resources Districts and the Nebraska Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Hobza, C.M., Johnson, M.J., Woodward, P.W., Strauch, K.R., and Schepers, A.R., 2019, Groundwater movement and interaction with surface water near the confluence of the Platte and Elkhorn Rivers, Nebraska, 2016–18: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2019–5048, 38 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20195048.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 38 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"48","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-101680","costCenters":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":365092,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2019/5048/sir20195048.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.36 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2019–5048"},{"id":365093,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9EZLGSC","text":"USGS data release ","description":"USGS Data Release","linkHelpText":"Water-level and aerial thermal infrared imagery data collected along the lower Platte and Elkhorn Rivers, Nebraska, 2016–2017"},{"id":365091,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2019/5048/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nebraska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -97.503662109375,\n 40.613952441166596\n ],\n [\n -95.7073974609375,\n 40.613952441166596\n ],\n [\n -95.7073974609375,\n 42.09007006868398\n ],\n [\n -97.503662109375,\n 42.09007006868398\n ],\n [\n -97.503662109375,\n 40.613952441166596\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Nebraska Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
5231 South 19th Street
Lincoln, NE 68512
Information concerning the availability, use, and quality of water in Jackson Parish, Louisiana, is critical for proper water-supply management. The purpose of this fact sheet is to present information that can be used by water managers, parish residents, and others for stewardship of this vital resource. In 2014, about 4.38 million gallons per day (Mgal/d) of water were withdrawn in Jackson Parish: 4.36 Mgal/d from groundwater sources and 0.02 Mgal/d from surface-water sources. Withdrawals for public-supply use accounted for about 42 percent (1.85 Mgal/d) of the total water withdrawn, and industrial use accounted for about 54 percent (2.36 Mgal/d). Other categories of use included livestock and rural domestic. Water-use data collected at 5-year intervals from 1960 to 2010 and again in 2014 indicate that water withdrawals peaked in 1975 at about 15.26 Mgal/d. The significant decrease in water use from 1975 to 1980 was caused by a reduction of 10.38 Mgal/d in withdrawals for industrial use.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20193020","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development","usgsCitation":"White, V.E., 2019, Water resources of Jackson Parish, Louisiana: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2019–3020, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20193020.","productDescription":"Report: 6 p., Data Release","numberOfPages":"6","onlineOnly":"N","ipdsId":"IP-081707","costCenters":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":365067,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2019/3020/fs20193020.pdf","text":"Report","size":"803 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2019–3020"},{"id":365066,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2019/3020/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":365068,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F78051VM","text":"USGS data release ","linkHelpText":"Water withdrawals by source and category in Louisiana Parishes, 2014–2015"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","county":"Jackson Parish","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-92.4155,32.4952],[-92.4155,32.4077],[-92.312,32.3206],[-92.3121,32.2773],[-92.3114,32.1483],[-92.812,32.1491],[-92.8207,32.149],[-92.8198,32.1604],[-92.8177,32.165],[-92.8081,32.1742],[-92.8038,32.1783],[-92.8018,32.1866],[-92.7986,32.1916],[-92.8004,32.1984],[-92.8011,32.2085],[-92.7963,32.214],[-92.7861,32.2191],[-92.7824,32.2283],[-92.7739,32.2366],[-92.7751,32.2429],[-92.7732,32.2648],[-92.7739,32.3077],[-92.7746,32.3181],[-92.7749,32.371],[-92.7752,32.3865],[-92.7768,32.4548],[-92.6231,32.4537],[-92.6228,32.4747],[-92.6231,32.497],[-92.4155,32.4952]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Jackson\",\"state\":\"LA\"}}]}","contact":"Director, Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3535 S. Sherwood Forest Blvd., Suite 120
Baton Rouge, LA 70816
The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Albuquerque Bernalillo County Water Utility Authority (ABCWUA), has developed a series of maps and associated reports, beginning in 2002, that document groundwater levels in the production zone of the Santa Fe Group aquifer system beneath a large area of the City of Albuquerque, New Mexico (hereafter called the study area). Herein, we document the construction of groundwater-level change maps for representative conditions during three periods: 2002–8, 2008–12, and 2008–16.
Groundwater-elevation changes correspond to water use by the ABCWUA, with declines occurring prior to 2008 and accelerating recovery after 2008. Prior to 2008, the ABCWUA relied exclusively on groundwater from the Santa Fe Group aquifer system for municipal water supply. For the period 2002–8, near the end of the period of exclusive groundwater use, groundwater elevations in the production zone of the Santa Fe Group aquifer system declined as much as 20 to 30 feet. The largest 2002–8 groundwater-elevation declines were observed near the southeast corner of the study area and to the west of the Rio Grande. Since the ABCWUA implemented the San Juan-Chama Drinking Water Project in 2008, the proportion of municipal water supply sourced directly from surface water has increased to approximately two-thirds of the total water supply in 2016. Following initiation of this change in supply in 2008, groundwater elevations in the production zone of the Santa Fe Group aquifer system cumulatively rose as much as 20 to 30 feet by 2012 and 30 to 40 feet by 2016. The largest groundwater-elevation rises were observed near the northeast and southeast corners of the study area and to the west of the Rio Grande, whereas groundwater-elevation declines since 2008 were restricted to a localized area on the eastern margin of the study area. The area beneath the pre-flood-control-era (1971) flood plain of the Rio Grande underwent the least amount of groundwater-level change during any period, with minimal change prior to 2008 and small groundwater-elevation rises of less than 10 feet since 2008.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3435","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Albuquerque Bernalillo County Water Utility Authority","usgsCitation":"Ritchie, A.B., Galanter, A.E., and Curry, L.T.S., Groundwater-level change for the periods 2002–8, 2008–12, and 2008–16 in the Santa Fe Group aquifer system in the Albuquerque area, central New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3435, 1 sheet, pamphlet, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3435.","productDescription":"Pamphlet: vi, 16 p.; Sheet: 22 x 18 inches","numberOfPages":"27","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-106015","costCenters":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":365038,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3435/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":365040,"rank":3,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3435/sim3435.pdf","text":"Sheet","size":"1.35 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3435 "},{"id":365039,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3435/sim3435_pamphlet.pdf","text":"Pamphlet","size":"2.07 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3435 Pamphlet"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","county":"Bernalillo County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-106.242,35.2147],[-106.2387,35.0549],[-106.2386,35.0408],[-106.2373,34.9568],[-106.1453,34.9547],[-106.1446,34.872],[-106.3328,34.8712],[-106.3569,34.8702],[-106.409,34.8687],[-106.4097,34.8914],[-106.417,34.8945],[-106.4221,34.9013],[-106.6755,34.9065],[-106.6838,34.9006],[-106.6917,34.901],[-106.6922,34.896],[-106.7139,34.8772],[-106.7127,34.8713],[-107.0181,34.8727],[-107.0227,34.8817],[-107.0641,34.9618],[-107.104,35.0395],[-107.1068,35.0454],[-107.1769,35.1809],[-107.1972,35.2197],[-107.1628,35.2192],[-107.1623,35.2192],[-107.1578,35.2192],[-107.1262,35.2186],[-107.1105,35.2188],[-107.0936,35.2189],[-107.0801,35.2186],[-107.0761,35.2186],[-107.0345,35.2185],[-106.9416,35.217],[-106.9337,35.2171],[-106.8808,35.2171],[-106.8622,35.2172],[-106.5955,35.2184],[-106.5645,35.2186],[-106.4964,35.2184],[-106.479,35.2176],[-106.4531,35.2172],[-106.3822,35.2175],[-106.3765,35.2175],[-106.242,35.2147]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Bernalillo\",\"state\":\"NM\"}}]}","contact":"Director, New Mexico Water Science Center
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Cyanobacteria-dominated blooms in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, create poor water quality and produce microcystins that may be detrimental to local wildlife and human health. Genetic tools, including high-throughput DNA sequencing and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), have been shown to improve the identification and quantification of key groups associated with these blooms over more traditional techniques. We examined the seasonal and interannual variations in nutrient (nitrogen and phosphorus) concentrations between 2013 and 2014 to describe the relations between these factors and the growth dynamics of Aphanizomenon and toxigenic Microcystis as described by DNA sequencing and qPCR. Although total nutrients and chlorophyll a concentrations were similar between years, qPCR results showed the cyanobacterial populations to be 40 times larger in 2014 and indicated a large shift from an Aphanizomenon-dominant, low microcystin-level regime in 2013 to one dominated later in the season by microcystin-producing Microcystis in 2014. In both years, the transition from Aphanizomenon to Microcystis was coincident with a late-season increase in nitrite-plus-nitrate concentrations and in dissolved inorganic nitrogen to dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIN:DIP) ratios. However, these increases did not explain the large interannual differences in total cyanobacteria abundance. Rather, we hypothesized that year-to-year differences in bioavailable phosphorus, which also manifested as lower total nitrogen to total phosphorus (TN:TP) ratios, were responsible.
Oil and gas (energy) development in the Williston Basin, which partly underlies the Prairie Pothole Region in central North America, has helped meet U.S. energy demand for decades. Historical handling and disposal practices of saline wastewater co-produced during energy development resulted in salinization of surface and groundwater at numerous legacy energy sites. Thirty years of monitoring (1988–2018) at Goose Lake, which has been producing since the 1960s, documents long-term spatial and temporal changes in water quality from legacy energy development. Surface water quality was highly variable and decoupled from changes in groundwater quality, likely due to annual and regional climatic fluctuations. Therefore, changes in surface water-quality were not considered a reliable indicator of subsurface chloride migration. However, chloride concentrations in monitoring wells near wastewater sources exhibited systematic temporal reductions allowing for estimates of the time required for natural attenuation of groundwater to U.S. Environmental Protection Agency acute and chronic chloride toxicity benchmarks and a local background level. Point attenuation rates differed based on sediment type (outwash vs till) and yielded a range of predicted years when water-quality targets will be reached: acute – 2045 to 2113; chronic – 2069 to 2160; background – 2126 to 2275. Bulk attenuation rates from four separate years of data were used to calculate the distances chloride could migrate downgradient from the largest wastewater source. Potential distances of downgradient migration before dilution to water-quality targets decreased from 1989 to 2018: acute – 949 to 673 m; chronic – 1220 to 922 m; background – 1878 to 1525 m. Several downgradient wetlands are within these distances and will continue to receive saline contaminated groundwater for years. While these results demonstrate chloride attenuation at a legacy energy site, they also highlight the persistence of saline wastewater contamination and the need to mitigate future spills to prevent long-term salinization from energy development.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.428","usgsCitation":"Preston, T.M., Anderson, C.W., Thamke, J., Hossack, B.R., Skalak, K., and Cozzarelli, I.M., 2019, Predicting attenuation of salinized surface- and groundwater-resources from legacy energy development in the Prairie Pothole Region: Science of the Total Environment, v. 690, p. 522-533, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.428.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"522","endPage":"533","ipdsId":"IP-107005","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":460347,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.428","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":366565,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","county":"Sheridan County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-104.8111,49.0001],[-104.8065,49.0001],[-104.8053,49.0001],[-104.8036,49.0001],[-104.7882,49.0001],[-104.7708,49.0001],[-104.766,49.0001],[-104.7438,49.0001],[-104.7436,49.0001],[-104.7309,49.0002],[-104.7183,49.0002],[-104.7068,49.0002],[-104.6808,49.0003],[-104.6779,49.0003],[-104.6549,49.0003],[-104.634,49.0003],[-104.6131,49.0003],[-104.4101,49.0004],[-104.0496,49.0005],[-104.0496,49],[-104.0478,48.6328],[-104.0468,48.4091],[-104.0466,48.3892],[-104.2359,48.39],[-104.5367,48.3897],[-104.5748,48.3904],[-104.6238,48.3897],[-104.6234,48.4762],[-104.7556,48.4766],[-104.7561,48.5621],[-104.8393,48.5627],[-104.9709,48.5634],[-104.9717,48.6337],[-104.9709,48.6513],[-105.0393,48.6507],[-105.0401,48.7373],[-105.0396,48.8242],[-105.039,48.9113],[-105.0575,48.9111],[-105.0554,49.0002],[-105.0516,49.0002],[-105.0483,49.0002],[-105.0469,49.0002],[-105.0462,49.0002],[-105.0424,49.0003],[-105.0367,49.0003],[-105.0297,49.0003],[-105.0269,49.0002],[-105.0081,49.0002],[-105.0077,49.0002],[-105.0068,49.0002],[-105.0059,49.0002],[-105.0005,49.0002],[-105,49.0002],[-104.9988,49.0002],[-104.9527,49.0002],[-104.9509,49.0002],[-104.95,49.0002],[-104.9244,49.0002],[-104.8969,49.0002],[-104.893,49.0002],[-104.8615,49.0002],[-104.8612,49.0002],[-104.861,49.0002],[-104.8586,49.0002],[-104.851,49.0001],[-104.8432,49.0001],[-104.8319,49.0001],[-104.8265,49.0001],[-104.8156,49.0001],[-104.8135,49.0001],[-104.8111,49.0001]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Sheridan\",\"state\":\"MT\"}}]}","volume":"690","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Preston, Todd M. 0000-0002-8812-9233","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8812-9233","contributorId":204676,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Preston","given":"Todd","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":768304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, Chauncey W. 0000-0002-1016-3781 chauncey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1016-3781","contributorId":140160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Chauncey","email":"chauncey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":768306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thamke, Joanna N. 0000-0002-6917-1946 jothamke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6917-1946","contributorId":1012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thamke","given":"Joanna N.","email":"jothamke@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":768305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hossack, Blake R. 0000-0001-7456-9564 blake_hossack@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7456-9564","contributorId":1177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hossack","given":"Blake","email":"blake_hossack@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":768307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Skalak, Katherine 0000-0003-4122-1240 kskalak@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4122-1240","contributorId":3990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skalak","given":"Katherine","email":"kskalak@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":768308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cozzarelli, Isabelle M. 0000-0002-5123-1007 icozzare@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5123-1007","contributorId":1693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cozzarelli","given":"Isabelle","email":"icozzare@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":49175,"text":"Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":768309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70206446,"text":"70206446 - 2019 - First record of the non-indigenous parasitic copepod Neoergasilus japonicus (Harada, 1950) in the Lake Ontario Watershed: Oneida Lake, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-03T10:16:20","indexId":"70206446","displayToPublicDate":"2019-06-25T15:19:15","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"First record of the non-indigenous parasitic copepod Neoergasilus japonicus (Harada, 1950) in the Lake Ontario Watershed: Oneida Lake, New York","title":"First record of the non-indigenous parasitic copepod Neoergasilus japonicus (Harada, 1950) in the Lake Ontario Watershed: Oneida Lake, New York","docAbstract":"Four specimens of the Asiatic parasitic copepod Neoergasilus japonicus (Harada, 1930) were collected from Oneida Lake, New York in September 2018; one specimen was from a white sucker Catostomus commersonii, another from a green sunfish Lepomis cyanellus, and two from a bluegill Lepomis macrochirus. The four adult female specimens were found attached to the base of the gills of their respective hosts along with other ergasilid species. The average total length of the adult female N. japonicus specimens we found was 0.609 mm. These detections represent the first known occurrence of this non-native species in the state of New York, extends the easternmost distribution of this parasite over 400 miles, and now includes the Lake Ontario watershed for the first time. It is commonly believed that the international aquaculture industry and aquarium fish trade are the most likely vectors of dispersal for N. japonicus. Monitoring the spread of non-indigenous aquatic species is an important step towards the development of management plans and mitigation efforts with regards to the anthropogenic causes of dispersal, and fish parasites are no exception.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jglr.2019.09.017","usgsCitation":"Marshall, C.C., Hudson, P., Jackson, J.R., Connolly, J.K., Watkins, J.M., and Rudstam, L.G., 2019, First record of the non-indigenous parasitic copepod Neoergasilus japonicus (Harada, 1950) in the Lake Ontario Watershed: Oneida Lake, New York: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 45, no. 6, p. 1348-1353, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2019.09.017.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1348","endPage":"1353","ipdsId":"IP-108537","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":368936,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Oneida Lake, Lake Ontario watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.14212036132812,\n 43.12203614830064\n ],\n [\n -75.66970825195312,\n 43.12203614830064\n ],\n [\n -75.66970825195312,\n 43.26620632572599\n ],\n [\n -76.14212036132812,\n 43.26620632572599\n ],\n [\n -76.14212036132812,\n 43.12203614830064\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"45","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":15,"text":"Madison PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marshall, Chris C.","contributorId":220245,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Marshall","given":"Chris","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":12722,"text":"Cornell University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":774578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hudson, Patrick 0000-0002-7646-443X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7646-443X","contributorId":220244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudson","given":"Patrick","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":774577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jackson, J. Randy","contributorId":220248,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jackson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Randy","affiliations":[{"id":12722,"text":"Cornell University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":774582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Connolly, Joe K.","contributorId":220247,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Connolly","given":"Joe","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":12722,"text":"Cornell University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":774580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Watkins, Jim M","contributorId":220246,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Watkins","given":"Jim","email":"","middleInitial":"M","affiliations":[{"id":12722,"text":"Cornell University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":774579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rudstam, Lars G. 0000-0002-3732-6368","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3732-6368","contributorId":213508,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rudstam","given":"Lars","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":12722,"text":"Cornell University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":774581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70202388,"text":"ofr20191019 - 2019 - The major coral reefs of Maui Nui, Hawai‘i—distribution, physical characteristics, oceanographic controls, and environmental threats","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-26T09:35:14","indexId":"ofr20191019","displayToPublicDate":"2019-06-25T15:06:10","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2019-1019","displayTitle":"The Major Coral Reefs of Maui Nui, Hawai‘i—Distribution, Physical Characteristics, Oceanographic Controls, and Environmental Threats","title":"The major coral reefs of Maui Nui, Hawai‘i—distribution, physical characteristics, oceanographic controls, and environmental threats","docAbstract":"Coral reefs are widely recognized as critical to Hawaiʻi’s economy, food resources, and protection from damaging storm waves. Yet overfishing, land-based pollution, and climate change are threatening the health and sustainability of those reefs, and accordingly, both the Federal and State governments have called for protection and effective management. In 2000, the U.S. Coral Reef Task Force stated that 20 percent of coral reefs should be protected by 2010. In 2016, the Governor of Hawaiʻi committed to effective management of 30 percent of Hawaiian coastal habitats by 2030 to protect coral reefs. At present, the amount of coral protected in the main Hawaiian Islands is less than 1 percent.
Most of the large, highly diverse coral reef tracts in the main Hawaiian Islands surround the four islands of Maui, Molokaʻi, Lānaʻi, and Kahoʻolawe, collectively known as Maui Nui. This report provides fundamental information on the location, extent, coral cover, threats, and connectivity of these major coral reef tracts in Maui Nui essential for identifying areas for management and protection.
By combining high-resolution bathymetric data with available maps, publications, and satellite and underwater images, nine major coral reef tracts are identified in the coastal waters of Maui Nui. Three very large reef tracts lie along the south side of Molokaʻi, two on the east side of Lānaʻi, and four off Maui. The factors that make these Maui Nui coral reef tracts a major and important resource for Hawaiʻi include their vast size and high coral cover (nearly 16,000 acres of reef, most of which has more than 50 percent live coral cover); diversity of shape, size, and location; and separation between reefs while retaining connectivity via currents. The decline in the health of these coral reefs over the past several decades has been slow but persistent. Punctuation of the decline by large-scale disturbance events, such as the thermal bleaching that occurred in 2015, is accelerating the loss of viable reef areas by an order of magnitude.
The economic, cultural, and recreational value of these coral reef tracts highlights the importance of their long-term survival to the local communities and all of Hawaiʻi. There is scientific consensus that increasing pressures from climate change, overfishing, and land-based pollution will virtually assure the continued, and perhaps accelerating, decline of Hawaiʻi’s coral reefs unless action is taken. Information presented in this report, coupled with the results of numerous scientific studies, provides scientific underpinning to help establish a network of large-scale, connected Marine Protected Areas to meet the Federal and State governments’ call for effective management and protection of coral reefs in Maui Nui.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20191019","usgsCitation":"Field, M.E., Storlazzi, C.D., Gibbs, A.E., D’Antonio, N.L., and Cochran, S.A, 2019, The major coral reefs of Maui Nui, Hawai‘i—Distribution, physical characteristics, oceanographic controls, and environmental threats: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2019–1019, 71 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20191019.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 71 p.","numberOfPages":"80","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-096402","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":365042,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2019/1019/ofr20191019.pdf","text":"Report","size":"31 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Open-File Report 2019-1019"},{"id":365041,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2019/1019/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Maui Nui","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -157.5439453125,\n 20.33432561683554\n ],\n [\n -155.6982421875,\n 20.33432561683554\n ],\n [\n -155.6982421875,\n 21.49396356306447\n ],\n [\n -157.5439453125,\n 21.49396356306447\n ],\n [\n -157.5439453125,\n 20.33432561683554\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Contact Information,
Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Pacific Science Center
2885 Mission St.
Santa Cruz, CA 95060
The Big Chino Subbasin is a groundwater basin that includes the Verde River headwaters in Yavapai County in north-central Arizona. Groundwater in the southern part of the subbasin is found primarily in the Big Chino and Williamson Valleys. The former is a potential municipal water source for growing communities in Yavapai County, particularly groundwater from the Big Chino Water Ranch, about 15 miles northwest of the community of Paulden. Groundwater in the Big Chino Valley discharges to wells (by pumping), by evapotranspiration, and to the upper Verde River springs, which form the headwaters of the Verde River. Groundwater also discharges to short perennial reaches of Williamson Valley Wash, Walnut Creek, and a small number of small, ungaged springs and seeps. To monitor changes in groundwater storage and to identify aquifer-storage properties, a network of repeat microgravity stations and groundwater-level monitoring stations was established in the Big Chino and Williamson Valleys in 2010.
Small decreases in groundwater storage were observed throughout the study area from 2010 to 2017. Annual groundwater withdrawals for agricultural use varied between 2,800 and 4,000 acre-ft between 2013 and 2016, with an additional amount, probably less than 1,000 acre-ft, withdrawn for domestic use, primarily in the Paulden and Williamson Valley Wash areas. No local recharge events from sustained rainfall were observed during 2010 to 2017, and base-flow discharge in the Verde River near Paulden and Williamson Valley Wash near Paulden was consistently below the long-term average (for years 1964 to 2017 and 1966 to 2017, respectively) at each site. Relations between groundwater-level changes and aquifer-storage changes (determined from repeat microgravity data) indicate monitoring wells are representative primarily of semiconfined aquifer conditions in the Paulden area, the area west of Big Chino Wash, and the Big Chino Water Ranch area. Unconfined aquifer conditions are monitored in the Williamson Valley Wash area and at two sites in the Paulden area. Specific yield was estimated at five wells and ranged between 0.04 and 0.34, with a median value of 0.23.
Negative groundwater-level trends (increasing depth to water) were observed between 2010 and 2017 at all sites where trends were identified using the Mann-Kendall trend test, except for the northernmost reaches of Big Chino Wash within and to the north of the Big Chino Water Ranch. Groundwater storage trends were negative at all sites where trends were identified except for one site in the foothills of the Santa Maria mountains west of Big Chino Wash. Declining storage in the Big Chino Water Ranch area, where water levels show no trend or are increasing, are likely the result of drying conditions in the unsaturated zone and (or) aquifers located above the aquifer(s) monitored by wells.
Director,
Arizona Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
520 N. Park Avenue
Tucson, AZ 85719
Environmental DNA (eDNA) detection probability increases with volume of water sampled. Common approaches for collecting eDNA samples often require many samples since these approaches usually use fine filters, which restrict the volume of water that can be sampled. An alternative to collecting many, small volume water samples using fine filters may be to collect fewer, large volume water samples using coarse filters that do not clog as rapidly. We used mesocosm experiments and field evaluations to compare coarse filter‐large water volume samples (hereafter large volume filter samples) versus fine filter‐small water volume samples (hereafter small volume filter samples) for detection and quantification of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) DNA. We found that large volume filter sampling can be an effective approach for detecting DNA of low‐density target taxa. In mesocosm experiments, large‐volume and small‐volume water samples detected similar quantities of rainbow trout DNA. In the field, large volume samples more frequently detected bull trout DNA, had higher bull trout DNA copy number, and higher total DNA concentrations than small volume samples. However, sampling higher water volumes increased the potential for PCR inhibition so the DNA workflow had to be altered for large volume samples. Combining larger water volume samples with other strategies, like increasing PCR sensitivity and the number of PCR replicates, will improve detection of rare species, which is crucial for advancing conservation and ecological understanding.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/edn3.23","usgsCitation":"Sepulveda, A.J., Schabacker, J., Smith, S., Al-Chokhachy, R., Luikart, G., and Amish, S.J., 2019, Improved detection of rare, endangered and invasive trout using a new large-volume sampling method for eDNA capture: Environmental DNA, v. 1, no. 3, p. 227-237, https://doi.org/10.1002/edn3.23.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"227","endPage":"237","ipdsId":"IP-104377","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":460351,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/edn3.23","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":365282,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Flathead River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -115.77392578125,\n 47.4057852900587\n ],\n [\n -113.477783203125,\n 47.4057852900587\n ],\n [\n -113.477783203125,\n 48.98742700601184\n ],\n [\n -115.77392578125,\n 48.98742700601184\n ],\n [\n -115.77392578125,\n 47.4057852900587\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"1","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-06-24","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sepulveda, Adam J. 0000-0001-7621-7028 asepulveda@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7621-7028","contributorId":150628,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sepulveda","given":"Adam","email":"asepulveda@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":765401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schabacker, Jenna","contributorId":216702,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schabacker","given":"Jenna","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":765403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, Seth","contributorId":189234,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"Seth","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":765404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Al-Chokhachy, Robert 0000-0002-2136-5098","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2136-5098","contributorId":216703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Al-Chokhachy","given":"Robert","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":765405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Luikart, Gordon","contributorId":97409,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Luikart","given":"Gordon","affiliations":[{"id":6580,"text":"University of Montana, Flathead Lake Biological Station, Polson, Montana 59860, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":765406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Amish, Stephen J.","contributorId":104799,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Amish","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":5097,"text":"University of Montana, Division of Biological Sciences","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":765402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70206016,"text":"70206016 - 2019 - Seasonal and spatial variation in the location and reactivity of a nitrate-contaminated groundwater discharge zone in a lakebed","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-17T07:55:04","indexId":"70206016","displayToPublicDate":"2019-06-24T07:53:38","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2320,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seasonal and spatial variation in the location and reactivity of a nitrate-contaminated groundwater discharge zone in a lakebed","docAbstract":"Groundwater discharge delivering anthropogenic N from surrounding watersheds can impact lake nutrient budgets. However, upgradient groundwater processes and changing dynamics in N biogeochemistry at the groundwater-lake interface are complex and difficult to resolve. In this study, hydrograph variations in a groundwater flow-through lake altered discharge patterns of a wastewater-derived, groundwater contaminant plume, thereby affecting biogeochemical processes controlling N transport. Groundwater geochemistry 15 cm under the lakebed along transects perpendicular to shore varied from oxic to anoxic with increasing nitrate concentrations (10-75 M) and corresponding gradients in nitrite and nitrous oxide. Porewater depth profiles of nitrate concentrations and stable isotope compositions largely reflected upgradient groundwater N sources and N-cycle processes, with minor additional nitrate reduction in the shallowest lakebed sediments. Potential denitrification rates determined in laboratory microcosms were 10-100 fold higher in near-surface sediments (0-5 cm) than in deeper sediments (5-30 cm) and were correlated with sediment carbon content and abundance of denitrification genes (nirS, nosZI, and nosZII). Potential anammox-driven N2 production was highest in deeper anoxic sediments. Injection of bromide and nitrite in the lake sediments indicated a vertical porewater velocity of 4-5 cm hr-1, with highest nitrite consumption rates above 10 cm. However, short residence times in the shallow sediments allowed only a small fraction of the contaminant nitrate to be removed before discharging into the lake. Results demonstrate the importance of resolving local versus upgradient biogeochemical processes affecting contaminant distribution in discharge areas, and transient migration of local gradients and processes in response to changing lake levels and groundwater flow paths.","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2018JG004635","usgsCitation":"Smith, R.L., Repert, D.A., Stoliker, D., Kent, D.B., Song, B., LeBlanc, D.R., McCobb, T.D., Bohlke, J., Hyun, S.P., and Moon, H.S., 2019, Seasonal and spatial variation in the location and reactivity of a nitrate-contaminated groundwater discharge zone in a lakebed: Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, v. 124, no. 7, p. 2186-2207, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JG004635.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"2186","endPage":"2207","ipdsId":"IP-098164","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467507,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://scholarworks.wm.edu/vimsarticles/1678","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":437412,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P98KJC3K","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Seasonal and spatial variation in the location and reactivity of a nitrate-contaminated groundwater discharge zone in a lakebed"},{"id":437411,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P95E6LQ2","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Natural gradient, lakebed tracer tests using nitrite in a nitrate-contaminated groundwater discharge zone in Ashumet Pond, Massachusetts"},{"id":368361,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"124","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-07-19","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Richard L. 0000-0002-3829-0125 rlsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3829-0125","contributorId":1592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Richard","email":"rlsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - 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