The Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem contains the rare combination of an intact guild of native large carnivores, their prey, and differing land management policies (National Park versus National Forest; no hunting versus hunting). Concurrent field studies on large carnivores allowed us to investigate activities of humans and carnivores on Yellowstone National Park's (YNP) northern boundary. Prior to and during the backcountry big-game hunting season, we monitored movements of grizzly bears (Ursus arctos), wolves (Canis lupus), and cougars (Puma concolor) on the northern boundary of YNP. Daily aerial telemetry locations (September 1999), augmented with weekly telemetry locations (August and October 1999), were obtained for 3 grizzly bears, 7 wolves in 2 groups of 1 pack, and 3 cougars in 1 family group. Grizzly bears were more likely located inside the YNP boundary during the pre-hunt period and north of the boundary once hunting began. The cougar family tended to be found outside YNP during the pre-hunt period and moved inside YNP when hunting began. Wolves did not significantly change their movement patterns during the pre-hunt and hunting periods. Qualitative information on elk (Cervus elaphus) indicated they moved into YNP once hunting started, suggesting that cougars followed living prey or responded to hunting activity, grizzly bears focused on dead prey (e.g., gut piles, crippled elk), and wolves may have taken advantage of both. Measures of association (Jacob's Index) were positive within carnivore species but inconclusive among species. Further collaborative research and the use of new technologies such as Global Positioning System (GPS) telemetry collars will advance our ability to understand these species, the carnivore community and its interactions, and human influences on carnivores.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","usgsCitation":"Ruth, T., Smith, D., Haroldson, M., Buotte, P., Schwartz, C., Quigley, H., Cherry, S., Tyres, D., and Frey, K., 2003, Large carnivores response to recreational big game hunting along the Yellowstone National Park and Absaroka-Beartooth Wilderness boundary: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 31, no. 4, p. 1150-1161.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1150","endPage":"1161","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131061,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269040,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/3784463"}],"volume":"31","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a90fd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ruth, T.E.","contributorId":52468,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruth","given":"T.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, D.W.","contributorId":24726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haroldson, M.A. 0000-0002-7457-7676","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7457-7676","contributorId":108047,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haroldson","given":"M.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Buotte, P.C.","contributorId":105480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buotte","given":"P.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schwartz, C.C.","contributorId":33658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwartz","given":"C.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Quigley, H.B.","contributorId":15325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quigley","given":"H.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Cherry, S.","contributorId":50480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cherry","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Tyres, D.","contributorId":46384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tyres","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Frey, K.","contributorId":106837,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frey","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70025327,"text":"70025327 - 2003 - Effects of soil amendments on germination and emergence of downy brome (Bromus tectorum) and Hilaria jamesii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-21T17:53:34","indexId":"70025327","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3738,"text":"Weed Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Effects of soil amendments on germination and emergence of downy brome (Bromus tectorum) and Hilaria jamesii","title":"Effects of soil amendments on germination and emergence of downy brome (Bromus tectorum) and Hilaria jamesii","docAbstract":"Downy brome is an introduced Mediterranean annual grass that now dominates millions of hectares of western U.S. rangelands. The presence of this grass has eliminated many native species and accelerated wildfire cycles. The objective of this study was to identify soil additives that allowed germination but inhibited emergence of downy brome, while not affecting germination or emergence of the native perennial grass Hilaria jamesii. On the basis of data from previous studies, we focused on additives that altered the availability of soil nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K). Most water-soluble treatments inhibited downy brome germination and emergence. We attribute the inhibitory effects of these treatments to excessive salinity and ion-specific effects of the additives themselves. An exception to this was oxalic acid, which showed no effect. Most water-insoluble treatments had no effect in soils with high P but did have an effect in soils with low P. Zeolite was effective regardless of P level, probably due to the high amounts of Na+ it added to the soil solution. Most treatments at higher concentrations resulted in lower downy brome emergence rates in soils currently dominated by downy brome than in uninvaded (but theoretically invadable) Hilaria soils. This difference is possibly attributable to inherent differences in labile soil P. In Stipa soils, where Stipa spp. grow, but which are generally considered to be uninvadable by downy brome, additions of high amounts of N resulted in lower emergence. This may have been an effect of NH4 + interference with uptake of K or other cations or toxicity of high N. We also saw a positive relationship between downy brome emergence and pH in Stipa soils. Hilaria development parameters were not as susceptible to the treatments, regardless of concentration, as downy brome. Our results suggest that there are additions that may be effective management tools for inhibiting downy brome in calcareous soils, including (1) high salt applications, (2) K-reducing additions (e.g., Mg), and (3) P-reducing additions.
To test whether backpack radiotags impacted the wintering biology of northern pintails (Anas acuta), I attached spear-suture (SSU, n=82 in 1993) or harness (HAR, n=337 in 1991-1993) backpack radiotags to female Hatch-Year (HY) and After-Hatch-Year (AHY) pintails after their autumn arrival in California. I evaluated impacts of radiotags on 1) wintering population distribution; 2) flock status, flock size, and body mass at harvest; and 3) August-March survival. I also compared retention of SSU and HAR following attachment. Distribution, flock status, and flock size at harvest of HAR, SSU, and unmarked (UMK) pintails were similar. However, harvest mass of HAR pintails averaged 1 33 g (SE=25 g) less than UMK pintails; loss tended to be greatest for heavier HY females in 1 993. Daily survival rates during 1 993-1 994 of HAR vs. SSU pintails were similar for both HY (0.9979 vs. 0.9974) and AHY (0.9988 vs. 0.9986) female pintails. Retention ranged from 30-1 58 days (x=81 d, SE=5 d) for the 37 SSU that I confirmed as being shed; all other SSU failed 1-month studies due to poor retention past a month.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","usgsCitation":"Fleskes, J.P., 2003, Effects of backpack radiotags on female northern pintails wintering in California: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 31, no. 1, p. 212-219.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"212","endPage":"219","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131462,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ae4b07f02db6249d3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fleskes, Joseph P. 0000-0001-5388-6675 joe_fleskes@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5388-6675","contributorId":1889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleskes","given":"Joseph","email":"joe_fleskes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":317136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70025901,"text":"70025901 - 2003 - Simulation of ground motion using the stochastic method","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:24","indexId":"70025901","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3208,"text":"Pure and Applied Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Simulation of ground motion using the stochastic method","docAbstract":"A simple and powerful method for simulating ground motions is to combine parametric or functional descriptions of the ground motion's amplitude spectrum with a random phase spectrum modified such that the motion is distributed over a duration related to the earthquake magnitude and to the distance from the source. This method of simulating ground motions often goes by the name \"the stochastic method.\" It is particularly useful for simulating the higher-frequency ground motions of most interest to engineers (generally, f>0.1 Hz), and it is widely used to predict ground motions for regions of the world in which recordings of motion from potentially damaging earthquakes are not available. This simple method has been successful in matching a variety of ground-motion measures for earthquakes with seismic moments spanning more than 12 orders of magnitude and in diverse tectonic environments. One of the essential characteristics of the method is that it distills what is known about the various factors affecting ground motions (source, path, and site) into simple functional forms. This provides a means by which the results of the rigorous studies reported in other papers in this volume can be incorporated into practical predictions of ground motion.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pure and Applied Geophysics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00334553","usgsCitation":"Boore, D., 2003, Simulation of ground motion using the stochastic method: Pure and Applied Geophysics, v. 160, no. 3-4, p. 635-676.","startPage":"635","endPage":"676","numberOfPages":"42","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234757,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"160","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b902ae4b08c986b319365","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boore, D.M. 0000-0002-8605-9673","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8605-9673","contributorId":64226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boore","given":"D.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70025936,"text":"70025936 - 2003 - Rejuvenated-stage volcanism after 0.6-m.y. quiescence at West Maui Volcano, Hawaii: New evidence from K-Ar ages and chemistry of Lahaina Volcanics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:24","indexId":"70025936","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rejuvenated-stage volcanism after 0.6-m.y. quiescence at West Maui Volcano, Hawaii: New evidence from K-Ar ages and chemistry of Lahaina Volcanics","docAbstract":"West Maui's rejuvenated-stage Lahaina Volcanics were erupted from four discrete sites. New KAr ages indicate two pulses of volcanism, the older about 0.6 Ma and the younger about 0.4 Ma. Compositionally the lava flows are entirely basanitic, but each pulse is diverse. The underlying postshield-stage Honolua Volcanics were emplaced by about 1.2 Ma on the basis of previously published ages. Therefore the duration of volcanic quiescence prior to rejuvenation is about 0.6 m.y. at West Maui, much longer than estimated previously. ?? 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0377-0273(02)00385-2","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Tagami, T., Nishimitsu, Y., and Sherrod, D.R., 2003, Rejuvenated-stage volcanism after 0.6-m.y. quiescence at West Maui Volcano, Hawaii: New evidence from K-Ar ages and chemistry of Lahaina Volcanics: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 120, no. 3-4, p. 207-214, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-0273(02)00385-2.","startPage":"207","endPage":"214","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208775,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0377-0273(02)00385-2"},{"id":234759,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"120","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a61be4b0e8fec6cdc0be","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tagami, Takahiro","contributorId":7474,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tagami","given":"Takahiro","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nishimitsu, Yoshitomo","contributorId":17808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nishimitsu","given":"Yoshitomo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sherrod, D. R.","contributorId":44559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherrod","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70025292,"text":"70025292 - 2003 - The behavior of U- and Th-series nuclides in groundwater","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:29","indexId":"70025292","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3281,"text":"Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The behavior of U- and Th-series nuclides in groundwater","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"15296466","usgsCitation":"Porcelli, D., and Swarzenski, P., 2003, The behavior of U- and Th-series nuclides in groundwater: Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry, v. 52.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235658,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba9e2e4b08c986b32259c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Porcelli, D.","contributorId":35912,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Porcelli","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Swarzenski, P.W. 0000-0003-0116-0578","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0116-0578","contributorId":29487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swarzenski","given":"P.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1013575,"text":"1013575 - 2003 - Assessing chick growth from a single visit to a seabird colony","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-18T09:33:09","indexId":"1013575","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2675,"text":"Marine Ornithology: Journal of Seabird Research and Conservation","onlineIssn":"2074-1235","printIssn":"1018-3337","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing chick growth from a single visit to a seabird colony","docAbstract":"We tested an approach to the collection of seabird chick growth data that utilizes a one-time sampling of chick measurements obtained during a single visit to a seabird colony. We assessed the development of Black-legged Kittiwake Rissa tridactyla chicks from a sample of measurements made on a single day during six years and compared these results to linear growth rates (g/day), determined from repeated measurements of the same chicks. We used two one-time sampling methods to obtain indices of chick-condition, 1) overall body-size (wing, head-plus-bill, tarsus) vs. mass, and 2) wing vs. mass; both were consistent with repeated measurements in identifying annual variations in chick growth. Thus, we suggest that chick-condition indices obtained from measurements collected on a single visit to a seabird colony are a useful tool for monitoring chick growth, especially at colonies where multiple visits and/or repeated measurements of individual chicks are impractical.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Ornithology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Benson, J., Suryan, R., and Piatt, J.F., 2003, Assessing chick growth from a single visit to a seabird colony: Marine Ornithology: Journal of Seabird Research and Conservation, v. 31, no. 2, p. 181-184.","productDescription":"pp. 181-184","startPage":"181","endPage":"184","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":106,"text":"Alaska Biological Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129485,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11262,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.marineornithology.org/PDF/31_2/31_2_181-184.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"volume":"31","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db672ab7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Benson, J.","contributorId":57793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benson","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Suryan, R.M.","contributorId":52919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Suryan","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Piatt, John F. 0000-0002-4417-5748 jpiatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4417-5748","contributorId":3025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatt","given":"John","email":"jpiatt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":318782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1008295,"text":"1008295 - 2003 - Individual variation in space use by female spotted hyenas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-07T13:42:25.048112","indexId":"1008295","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2373,"text":"Journal of Mammalogy","onlineIssn":"1545-1542","printIssn":"0022-2372","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Individual variation in space use by female spotted hyenas","docAbstract":"Large carnivores range more widely than many other terrestrial mammals, and this behavior tends to bring them into frequent conflict with humans. Within any carnivore population, individual variation in patterns of space use should be expected to make some animals more vulnerable than others to risks of mortality from humans and other sources. In this study, our goal was to document variation among individuals in space use by female spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta). We examined predictions of hypotheses suggesting that space use by female hyenas is affected by reproductive state, social rank, and local prey abundance. Home-range size, distance at which females were found from the current communal den, and distance at which they were found from the nearest territorial boundary all varied significantly with the 3 independent variables. Females with den-dwelling cubs had smaller home ranges, were found closer to the communal den, and were found farther from the territorial boundary than were females with no den-dwelling cubs. Neither social rank nor prey availability significantly influenced the space-use patterns of females with den-dwelling cubs. Among females with no den-dwelling cubs, high-ranking females had smaller home ranges, were closer to the communal den, and were farther from the territorial boundary than were low-ranking females. The females ranging most widely were low-ranking individuals with no den-dwelling cubs when they were observed during periods of prey scarcity.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford University Press","doi":"10.1644/BOS-038","usgsCitation":"Boydston, E.E., Kapheim, K.M., Szykman, M., and Holekamp, K.E., 2003, Individual variation in space use by female spotted hyenas: Journal of Mammalogy, v. 84, no. 3, p. 1006-1018, https://doi.org/10.1644/BOS-038.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1006","endPage":"1018","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478563,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1644/bos-038","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":132514,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"84","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f6e4b07f02db5f1697","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boydston, Erin E. 0000-0002-8452-835X eboydston@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8452-835X","contributorId":1705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boydston","given":"Erin","email":"eboydston@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":317302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kapheim, Karen M.","contributorId":174970,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kapheim","given":"Karen","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Szykman, Micaela","contributorId":174963,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Szykman","given":"Micaela","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Holekamp, Kay E.","contributorId":174966,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Holekamp","given":"Kay","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":1008297,"text":"1008297 - 2003 - Altered behavior in spotted hyenas associated with increased human activity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-28T15:07:37","indexId":"1008297","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":774,"text":"Animal Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Altered behavior in spotted hyenas associated with increased human activity","docAbstract":"To investigate how anthropogenic activity might affect large carnivores, we studied the behaviour of spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta) during two time periods. From 1996 to 1998, we documented the ecological correlates of space utilization patterns exhibited by adult female hyenas defending a territory at the edge of a wildlife reserve in Kenya. Hyenas preferred areas near dense vegetation but appeared to avoid areas containing the greatest abundance of prey, perhaps because these were also the areas of most intensive livestock grazing. We then compared hyena behaviour observed in 1996–98 with that observed several years earlier and found many differences. Female hyenas in 1996–98 were found farther from dens, but closer to dense vegetation and to the edges of their territory, than in 1988–90. Recent females also had larger home ranges, travelled farther between consecutive sightings, and were more nocturnal than in 1988–90. Finally, hyenas occurred in smaller groups in 1996–98 than in 1988–90. We also found several changes in hyena demography between periods. We next attempted to explain differences observed between time periods by testing predictions of hypotheses invoking prey abundance, climate, interactions with lions, tourism and livestock grazing. Our data were consistent with the hypothesis that increased reliance on the reserve for livestock grazing was responsible for observed changes. That behavioural changes were not associated with decreased hyena population density suggests the behavioural plasticity typical of this species may protect it from extinction.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1017/S1367943003003263","usgsCitation":"Boydston, E.E., Kapheim, K.M., Watts, H.E., Szykman, M., and Holekamp, K.E., 2003, Altered behavior in spotted hyenas associated with increased human activity: Animal Conservation, v. 6, no. 3, p. 207-219, https://doi.org/10.1017/S1367943003003263.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"207","endPage":"219","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132539,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-02-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adee4b07f02db68750f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boydston, Erin E. 0000-0002-8452-835X eboydston@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8452-835X","contributorId":1705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boydston","given":"Erin","email":"eboydston@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":317312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kapheim, Karen M.","contributorId":174970,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kapheim","given":"Karen","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Watts, Heather E.","contributorId":174985,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Watts","given":"Heather","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Szykman, Micaela","contributorId":174963,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Szykman","given":"Micaela","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Holekamp, Kay E.","contributorId":174966,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Holekamp","given":"Kay","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70025480,"text":"70025480 - 2003 - Uptake of elements from seawater by ferromanganese crusts: Solid-phase associations and seawater speciation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:59","indexId":"70025480","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Uptake of elements from seawater by ferromanganese crusts: Solid-phase associations and seawater speciation","docAbstract":"Marine Fe-Mn oxyhydroxide crusts form by precipitation of dissolved components from seawater. Three hydrogenetic crust samples (one phosphatized) and two hydrothermal Mn-oxide samples were subjected to a sequential-leaching procedure in order to determine the host phases of 40 elements. Those host-phase associations are discussed with respect to element speciation in seawater. The partitioning of elements between the two major phases, Mn oxide and Fe oxyhydroxide, can in a first-order approximation be explained by a simple sorption model related to the inorganic speciation of the elements in seawater, as has been proposed in earlier models. Free and weakly complexed cations, such as alkali and alkaline earth metals, Mn, Co, Ni, Zn, T1(I), and partly Y, are sorbed preferentially on the negatively charged surface of the MnO2 in hydrogenetic crusts. The driving force is a strong coulombic interaction. All neutral or negatively charged chloro (Cd, Hg, T1), carbonate (Cu, Y, Pb, and U), and hydroxide (Be, Sc, Ti, Fe, Zr, Nb, In, Sn, Sb, Te, Hf, Ta, Bi, Th, and T1(III)) complexes and oxyanions (V, Cr, As, Se, Mo, and W) bind to the slightly positively charged surface of the amorphous FeOOH phase. While coulombic interaction can explain the sorption of the negatively charged species, the binding of neutral species is based on specific chemical interaction. Organic complexation of elements in deep-ocean water seems to be at most of minor importance. Surface oxidation can explain some strong metal associations, e.g. of Co and T1 with the MnO2 and Te with the FeOOH. Sorption reactions initially driven by coulombic forces are often followed by the formation of specific bonds between the adsorbate and the atoms of the oxide surface. Differences in the associations of some metals between the non-phosphatized and phosphatized hydrogenetic crusts and between the hydrogenetic and the hydrothermal samples reflect the different physico-chemical environments of formation and speciations in oxic seawater vs. less-oxic fluids, especially for the redox-sensitive metals such as Mo and V. These environmental-related differences indicate that the methodology of chemical speciation used here in combination with spectroscopic methods may allow for the detection of changes in paleoceanographic conditions recorded during the several tens of millions of years of crust growth. ?? 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0025-3227(03)00122-1","issn":"00253227","usgsCitation":"Koschinsky, A., and Hein, J., 2003, Uptake of elements from seawater by ferromanganese crusts: Solid-phase associations and seawater speciation: Marine Geology, v. 198, no. 3-4, p. 331-351, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-3227(03)00122-1.","startPage":"331","endPage":"351","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209562,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0025-3227(03)00122-1"},{"id":236160,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"198","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbd76e4b08c986b329041","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Koschinsky, A.","contributorId":42724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koschinsky","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hein, J.R. 0000-0002-5321-899X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5321-899X","contributorId":61429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hein","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70025360,"text":"70025360 - 2003 - Enhancement and management of eel fisheries affected by hydroelectric dams in New Zealand","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:58","indexId":"70025360","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":718,"text":"American Fisheries Society Symposium","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Enhancement and management of eel fisheries affected by hydroelectric dams in New Zealand","docAbstract":"Two freshwater anguillid eel species, Anguilla australis and A. dieffenbachia, form the basis of important traditional, recreational, and commercial fisheries in New Zealand. These fisheries have been affected by the damming of many of the major waterways for hydroelectric generation. To create fisheries in reservoirs that would be otherwise inaccessible, elvers have been transferred from the base of dams into habitats upstream. Operations in three catchments: the Patea River (Lake Rotorangi), Waikato River (eight reservoirs notably the two lowermost, lakes Karapiro and Arapuni), and Rangitaiki River (lakes Matahina and Aniwhenua) are discussed. In all reservoirs, the transfers have successfully established fishable populations within six years of the first transfers and, in Lake Arapuni eels have reached the marketable size of 220 g in less than four years. In comparison, it typically takes from 13 to 17 years before eel populations are fishable in the lower Waikato River where direct access to the sea is available. Telemetry and monitoring at the screens and tailraces of several power stations have been used to determine migration timing, triggers, and pathways of mature eels. Successful downstream transfer of mature migrating adults has been achieved by spillway opening and netting in headraces during rain events in autumn, but means of preventing eels from impinging and entraining at the intakes are still required. An integrated, catchment-wide management system will be required to ensure sustainability of the fisheries. ?? Copyright by the American Fisheries Society 2003.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Fisheries Society Symposium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"08922284","usgsCitation":"Boubee, J., Chisnall, B., Watene, E., Williams, E., Roper, D., and Haro, A., 2003, Enhancement and management of eel fisheries affected by hydroelectric dams in New Zealand: American Fisheries Society Symposium, v. 2003, no. 33, p. 191-205.","startPage":"191","endPage":"205","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236152,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2003","issue":"33","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0971e4b0c8380cd51f00","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boubee, J.","contributorId":75739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boubee","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chisnall, B.","contributorId":18953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chisnall","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Watene, E.","contributorId":35931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watene","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Williams, E.","contributorId":15560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Roper, D.","contributorId":24975,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roper","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Haro, A.","contributorId":6792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haro","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":1008286,"text":"1008286 - 2003 - Keeping the herds healthy and alert: Implications of predator control for infectious disease","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-28T13:55:40","indexId":"1008286","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1466,"text":"Ecology Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Keeping the herds healthy and alert: Implications of predator control for infectious disease","docAbstract":"Predator control programmes are generally implemented in an attempt to increase prey population sizes. However, predator removal could prove harmful to prey populations that are regulated primarily by parasitic infections rather than by predation. We develop models for microparasitic and macroparasitic infection that specify the conditions where predator removal will (a) increase the incidence of parasitic infection, (b) reduce the number of healthy individuals in the prey population and (c) decrease the overall size of the prey population. In general, predator removal is more likely to be harmful when the parasite is highly virulent, macroparasites are highly aggregated in their prey, hosts are long-lived and the predators select infected prey.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1046/j.1461-0248.2003.00500.x","usgsCitation":"Packer, C., Holt, R.D., Hudson, P., Lafferty, K.D., and Dobson, A.P., 2003, Keeping the herds healthy and alert: Implications of predator control for infectious disease: Ecology Letters, v. 6, no. 9, p. 797-802, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1461-0248.2003.00500.x.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"797","endPage":"802","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478423,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4m06g1m6","text":"External Repository"},{"id":132909,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-07-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b46e7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Packer, Craig","contributorId":78592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Packer","given":"Craig","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Holt, Robert D.","contributorId":80584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holt","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hudson, Peter J.","contributorId":85056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudson","given":"Peter J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lafferty, Kevin D. 0000-0001-7583-4593 klafferty@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7583-4593","contributorId":1415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lafferty","given":"Kevin","email":"klafferty@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":317282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dobson, Andrew P.","contributorId":63693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dobson","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70025682,"text":"70025682 - 2003 - Unprecedented last-glacial mass accumulation rates determined by luminescence dating of loess from western Nebraska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:32","indexId":"70025682","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3218,"text":"Quaternary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Unprecedented last-glacial mass accumulation rates determined by luminescence dating of loess from western Nebraska","docAbstract":"A high-resolution chronology for Peoria (last glacial period) Loess from three sites in Nebraska, midcontinental North America, is determined by applying optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating to 35-50 ??m quartz. At Bignell Hill, Nebraska, an OSL age of 25,000 yr near the contact of Peoria Loess with the underlying Gilman Canyon Formation shows that dust accumulation occurred early during the last glacial maximum (LGM), whereas at Devil's Den and Eustis, Nebraska, basal OSL ages are significantly younger (18,000 and 21,000 yr, respectively). At all three localities, dust accumulation ended at some time after 14,000 yr ago. Mass accumulation rates (MARs) for western Nebraska, calculated using the OSL ages, are extremely high from 18,000 to 14,000 yr-much higher than those calculated for any other pre-Holocene location worldwide. These unprecedented MARs coincide with the timing of a mismatch between paleoenvironmental evidence from central North America, and the paleoclimate simulations from atmospheric global circulation models (AGCMs). We infer that the high atmospheric dust loading implied by these MARs may have played an important role, through radiative forcing, in maintaining a colder-than-present climate over central North America for several thousand years after summer insolation exceeded present-day values. ?? 2003 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0033-5894(03)00040-1","issn":"00335894","usgsCitation":"Roberts, H., Muhs, D., Wintle, A., Duller, G., and Bettis, E., 2003, Unprecedented last-glacial mass accumulation rates determined by luminescence dating of loess from western Nebraska: Quaternary Research, v. 59, no. 3, p. 411-419, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0033-5894(03)00040-1.","startPage":"411","endPage":"419","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208806,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0033-5894(03)00040-1"},{"id":234814,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"59","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbcdae4b08c986b328e3f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roberts, H.M.","contributorId":12245,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roberts","given":"H.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Muhs, D.R. 0000-0001-7449-251X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7449-251X","contributorId":61460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muhs","given":"D.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wintle, A.G.","contributorId":43952,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wintle","given":"A.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Duller, G.A.T.","contributorId":106292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duller","given":"G.A.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bettis, E. Arthur III","contributorId":72822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bettis","given":"E. Arthur","suffix":"III","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":1008238,"text":"1008238 - 2003 - The use of multi-temporal Landsat Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data for mapping fuels in Yosemite National Park, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-28T11:30:24","indexId":"1008238","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2068,"text":"International Journal of Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The use of multi-temporal Landsat Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data for mapping fuels in Yosemite National Park, USA","docAbstract":"The objective of this study was to test the applicability of using Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) values derived from a temporal sequence of six Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) scenes to map fuel models for Yosemite National Park, USA. An unsupervised classification algorithm was used to define 30 unique spectral-temporal classes of NDVI values. A combination of graphical, statistical and visual techniques was used to characterize the 30 classes and identify those that responded similarly and could be combined into fuel models. The final classification of fuel models included six different types: short annual and perennial grasses, tall perennial grasses, medium brush and evergreen hardwoods, short-needled conifers with no heavy fuels, long-needled conifers and deciduous hardwoods, and short-needled conifers with a component of heavy fuels. The NDVI, when analysed over a season of phenologically distinct periods along with ancillary data, can elicit information necessary to distinguish fuel model types. Fuels information derived from remote sensors has proven to be useful for initial classification of fuels and has been applied to fire management situations on the ground.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/01431160210144679","usgsCitation":"Van Wagtendonk, J.W., and Root, R.R., 2003, The use of multi-temporal Landsat Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data for mapping fuels in Yosemite National Park, USA: International Journal of Remote Sensing, v. 24, no. 8, p. 1639-1651, https://doi.org/10.1080/01431160210144679.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1639","endPage":"1651","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132207,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-11-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a5fe4b07f02db634851","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Van Wagtendonk, Jan W. jan_van_wagtendonk@usgs.gov","contributorId":2648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Wagtendonk","given":"Jan","email":"jan_van_wagtendonk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":317115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Root, Ralph R.","contributorId":174937,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Root","given":"Ralph","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70025876,"text":"70025876 - 2003 - The early Mesozoic Birdsboro central Atlantic margin basin in the Mid-Atlantic region, eastern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:33","indexId":"70025876","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The early Mesozoic Birdsboro central Atlantic margin basin in the Mid-Atlantic region, eastern United States","docAbstract":"The early Mesozoic Birdsboro basin (new name) was a single, elongate depositional trough in the present Mid-Atlantic area of the eastern United States, extending north-eastward from central Virginia across Maryland, Pennsylvania, and New Jersey into southern New York. What now remains after erosion comprises the Barboursville, Culpeper, Gettysburg, and Newark remnants. Some 7?? km of late Triassic and early Jurassic continental sediments of varying provenances entered and spread across in the Birdsboro basin in several depositional environments. The five resulting sedimentary lithosomes include feldspathic sandstone, quartzose sandstone, red silty mudstone, gray shale, and fanglomerate. The extensive interbedding, intertonguing, and lateral gradation among these lithosomes suggest that they were contemporary and closely interrelated. The feldspathic sandstone lithosome contains sediment with a southeastern provenance that accumulated in a bajada environment extending the length of the southeastern side of the basin. Sediment in the quartzose sandstone lithosome had a northwestern provenance-the coarse-grained fraction formed regional alluvial fans at the mouths of four major input centers. The finer-grained fraction was deposited in the distal reaches of these fans and in the playa environments in the interfan areas; this fraction formed the red silty mudstone lithosome. Gray/black shales and argillites of the gray shale lithosome accumulated in lacustrine environments in the interfan areas. The fanglomerate lithosome comprises numerous small, lobate deposits of poorly sorted sediment along both basin margins. The location and time of activity of the northwest input centers largely determined the distribution and areal extent of the various depositional environments and consequent lithosome along the length and across the width of the basin. The Birdsboro basin was deformed (tilted, faulted, and folded) sometime after the deposition of the youngest preserved rocks (early Sinemurian). The deformation varied along the length of the basin, producing differences in the amount of tilting, structural elevation, and subsequent erosion. The present erosional remnants create the illusion of four originally separate depositional basins.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(2003)115<0406:TEMBCA>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00167606","usgsCitation":"Faill, R.T., 2003, The early Mesozoic Birdsboro central Atlantic margin basin in the Mid-Atlantic region, eastern United States: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 115, no. 4, p. 406-421, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(2003)115<0406:TEMBCA>2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"406","endPage":"421","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208873,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(2003)115<0406:TEMBCA>2.0.CO;2"},{"id":234942,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"115","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baaede4b08c986b322add","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Faill, R. T.","contributorId":79639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Faill","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70025693,"text":"70025693 - 2003 - Using noble gases to investigate mountain-front recharge","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:31","indexId":"70025693","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Using noble gases to investigate mountain-front recharge","docAbstract":"Mountain-front recharge is a major component of recharge to inter-mountain basin-fill aquifers. The two components of mountain-front recharge are (1) subsurface inflow from the mountain block (subsurface inflow), and (2) infiltration from perennial and ephemeral streams near the mountain front (stream seepage). The magnitude of subsurface inflow is of central importance in source protection planning for basin-fill aquifers and in some water rights disputes, yet existing estimates carry large uncertainties. Stable isotope ratios can indicate the magnitude of mountain-front recharge relative to other components, but are generally incapable of distinguishing subsurface inflow from stream seepage. Noble gases provide an effective tool for determining the relative significance of subsurface inflow, specifically. Dissolved noble gas concentrations allow for the determination of recharge temperature, which is correlated with recharge elevation. The nature of this correlation cannot be assumed, however, and must be derived for the study area. The method is applied to the Salt Lake Valley Principal Aquifer in northern Utah to demonstrate its utility. Samples from 16 springs and mine tunnels in the adjacent Wasatch Mountains indicate that recharge temperature decreases with elevation at about the same rate as the mean annual air temperature, but is on average about 2??C cooler. Samples from 27 valley production wells yield recharge elevations ranging from the valley elevation (about 1500 m) to mid-mountain elevation (about 2500 m). Only six of the wells have recharge elevations less than 1800 m. Recharge elevations consistently greater than 2000 m in the southeastern part of the basin indicate that subsurface inflow constitutes most of the total recharge in this area. ?? 2003 Published by Elsevier Science B.V.","largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0022-1694(03)00043-X","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Manning, A.H., and Solomon, D.K., 2003, Using noble gases to investigate mountain-front recharge, in Journal of Hydrology, v. 275, no. 3-4, p. 194-207, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(03)00043-X.","startPage":"194","endPage":"207","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208909,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(03)00043-X"},{"id":235002,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"275","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc083e4b08c986b32a17d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Manning, A. H.","contributorId":26491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manning","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Solomon, D. K.","contributorId":98324,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Solomon","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}