Many fishes occur across broad ranges of latitude and elevation, where winter temperatures can vary from mild to harsh. We conducted a laboratory experiment with three sizes of age-0 steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss to examine growth, condition, and energy reserves under low rations at three levels of water temperature typical of this species' distribution during winter. At the end of the 111-d experiment, all three starting sizes of age-0 steelhead (small, 2-3 g; medium, 3-4 g; large, 4-5 g) held in 3??C water had lower total lipid weight than those held in 6??C and 9??C water. Large fish had higher total lipid weight than small fish at the onset of the experiment and retained higher amounts at the end. However, large fish had either the lowest percentage increases or the highest percentage decreases in fork length, biomass, condition factor, total lipid weight, and percent lipids within all thermal treatments. The magnitude of the differences between small and large fish was highest in the warmest (9??C) water. We used bioenergetics simulations of juvenile steelhead growth to examine fish response to initial size, winter temperature, and food availability. Relatively warm water temperatures in winter, coupled with limited food availability, may present more of a physiological challenge to larger age-0 steelhead than to smaller fish. Our results suggest that achievement of large size before the start of a steelhead's first winter can have a cost under episodic conditions found across the wide ranges of latitude and elevation within this species' distribution.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(2003)132<0262:BINABF>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00028487","usgsCitation":"Connolly, P., and Petersen, J., 2003, Bigger is not always better for overwintering young-of-year steelhead: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 132, no. 2, p. 262-274, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(2003)132<0262:BINABF>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"262","endPage":"274","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":208675,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(2003)132<0262:BINABF>2.0.CO;2"},{"id":234581,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"132","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f129e4b0c8380cd4aa89","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Connolly, P.J.","contributorId":70141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Connolly","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":407298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Petersen, J.H.","contributorId":72154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petersen","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70025753,"text":"70025753 - 2003 - Arsenic behavior in newly drilled wells","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:33","indexId":"70025753","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Arsenic behavior in newly drilled wells","docAbstract":"In the present paper, inorganic arsenic species and chemical parameters in groundwater were determined to investigate the factors related to the distribution of arsenic species and their dissolution from rock into groundwater. For the study, groundwater and core samples were taken at different depths of two newly drilled wells in Huron and Lapeer Counties, Michigan. Results show that total arsenic concentrations in the core samples varied, ranging from 0.8 to 70.7 mg/kg. Iron concentration in rock was about 1800 times higher than that of arsenic, and there was no correlation between arsenic and iron occurrences in the rock samples. Arsenic concentrations in groundwater ranged from <1 to 171 ??g/l. The arsenic concentration in groundwater depended on the amount of arsenic in aquifer rocks, and as well decreased with increasing depth. Over 90% of arsenic existed in the form of As(III), implying that the groundwater systems were in the reduced condition. The results such as high ferrous ion, low redox potential and low dissolved oxygen supported the observed arsenic species distribution. There was no noticeable difference in the total arsenic concentration and arsenic species ratio between unfiltered and filtered (0.45 ??m) waters, indicating that the particulate form of arsenic was negligible in the groundwater samples. There were correlations between water sampling depth and chemical parameters, and between arsenic concentration and chemical parameters, however, the trends were not always consistent in both wells. ?? 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkTitle":"Chemosphere","language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0045-6535(03)00244-3","issn":"00456535","usgsCitation":"Kim, M., Nriagu, J., and Haack, S., 2003, Arsenic behavior in newly drilled wells, in Chemosphere, v. 52, no. 3, p. 623-633, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0045-6535(03)00244-3.","startPage":"623","endPage":"633","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234784,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208788,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0045-6535(03)00244-3"}],"volume":"52","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ed8be4b0c8380cd49885","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kim, M.-J.","contributorId":12229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kim","given":"M.-J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nriagu, J.","contributorId":13399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nriagu","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haack, S.","contributorId":66878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haack","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70025520,"text":"70025520 - 2003 - Winter distribution and survival of a high-desert breeding population of canvasbacks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-30T12:03:01","indexId":"70025520","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Winter distribution and survival of a high-desert breeding population of canvasbacks","docAbstract":"The southernmost major breeding area of Canvasbacks (Aythya valisineria) is located at the Ruby Lake National Wildlife Refuge, Nevada, in the high desert of the western Great Basin. We determined winter distributions, recovery rates, and survival for Canvasbacks banded in Nevada from March to November, 1968–2000. Winter recovery distributions did not differ by sex or age, but differed between direct recoveries (same year as banding) and indirect recoveries (after year of banding), indicating variable site use between years. Of direct band returns (October–March), 92% were from the Pacific Flyway and 56% were from California alone. In California, recovery distributions shifted from southern California and the San Francisco Bay estuary in the 1970s to the Central Valley in the 1980s and 1990s. In the 1990s, there were no recoveries in San Francisco Bay, historically the major wintering area for Canvasbacks in the Pacific Flyway. Adult and juvenile survival decreased by 24% between the 1980s and 1990s. Ruby Lake Canvasbacks exhibited weaker fidelity to wintering sites than Canvasbacks wintering on the Atlantic and Gulf coasts. Moreover, no major concentrations occurred during fall migration, unlike patterns in eastern North America. Shifts in distribution and survival may correspond to effects of El Niño weather on habitat conditions in Nevada and San Francisco Bay, and to major improvements in water delivery and wetland restoration in the Central Valley. Canvasbacks that use widely distributed and variable habitats may be good indicators of the effects of changing climate and water-use practices on waterbirds throughout this arid region.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1650/7172","issn":"00105422","usgsCitation":"Kruse, K., Lovvorn, J., Takekawa, J.Y., and MacKay, J., 2003, Winter distribution and survival of a high-desert breeding population of canvasbacks: Condor, v. 105, no. 4, p. 791-804, https://doi.org/10.1650/7172.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"791","endPage":"804","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236236,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"105","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bd143e4b08c986b32f314","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kruse, K.L.","contributorId":18314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kruse","given":"K.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lovvorn, J.R.","contributorId":11165,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lovvorn","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Takekawa, John Y. 0000-0003-0217-5907 john_takekawa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0217-5907","contributorId":176168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takekawa","given":"John","email":"john_takekawa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":405498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"MacKay, J.","contributorId":71125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacKay","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70026123,"text":"70026123 - 2003 - Fish assemblage changes in an Ozark river after impoundment: A long-term perspective","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:35","indexId":"70026123","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fish assemblage changes in an Ozark river after impoundment: A long-term perspective","docAbstract":"We conducted an intensive fish survey in the tailwater reach of a large Ozark river 30 years after its impoundment and compared the recent fish assemblage with those prior to impoundment and shortly (4 years) after impoundment. Our primary objective was to assess whether relatively short-term monitoring following dam construction can adequately quantify the long-term effects of impoundment on downstream riverine fishes. The preimpoundment survey (1962-1963) described a fish assemblage composed of warmwater fish species, predominantly Cyprinidae, Ictaluridae, Centrarchidae, and Percidae. Yoke darter Etheostoma juliae (34%), central stoneroller Campostoma anomalum (24%), and Ozark madtom Noturus albater (7%) were the most abundant species. The postimpoundment surveys of 1965-1966 and 1968 documented immediate changes in the fish assemblage. No Ozark madtoms and only four yoke darters were collected shortly after impoundment. Central stonerollers accounted for 45-50% of the fish collected, and both short-term postimpoundment surveys collected five species of darters (Percidae) that accounted for 41-42% of the fish collected. Thirty years after impoundment, we found that the tailwater fish assemblage was composed almost entirely of coldwater species. Ozark sculpin Cottus hypselurus and four species of introduced trout (Salmonidae) accounted for 98% of the fish assemblage by number during the 1995-1997 surveys. The rank abundance of species was negatively correlated between our survey and the preimpoundment survey but not between our survey and the short-term postimpoundment surveys. Many species that we collected (54%) are habitat generalists, and we did not collect 77% of the fluvial-specialist species that were present in historical collections. All postimpoundment surveys documented dramatically reduced species richness and diversity. We conclude that short-term monitoring following impoundment is inadequate to determine the impact of dams on lotic fish assemblages and suggest long-term postimpoundment monitoring to determine when a fish assemblage has stabilized.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(2003)132<0110:FACIAO>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00028487","usgsCitation":"Quinn, J., and Kwak, T., 2003, Fish assemblage changes in an Ozark river after impoundment: A long-term perspective: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 132, no. 1, p. 110-119, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(2003)132<0110:FACIAO>2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"110","endPage":"119","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208842,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(2003)132<0110:FACIAO>2.0.CO;2"},{"id":234887,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"132","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a107ae4b0c8380cd53cae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Quinn, J.W.","contributorId":42401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quinn","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kwak, T.J.","contributorId":104236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kwak","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70025966,"text":"70025966 - 2003 - Volunteer macroinvertebrate monitoring: Assessing training needs through examining error and bias in untrained volunteers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-21T18:21:18.509297","indexId":"70025966","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2564,"text":"Journal of the North American Benthological Society","onlineIssn":"1937-237X","printIssn":"0887-3593","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Volunteer macroinvertebrate monitoring: Assessing training needs through examining error and bias in untrained volunteers","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"University of Chicago Press","doi":"10.2307/1467984","issn":"08873593","usgsCitation":"Nerbonne, J., and Vondracek, B., 2003, Volunteer macroinvertebrate monitoring: Assessing training needs through examining error and bias in untrained volunteers: Journal of the North American Benthological Society, v. 22, no. 1, p. 152-163, https://doi.org/10.2307/1467984.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"152","endPage":"163","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":388292,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc36ee4b08c986b32b192","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nerbonne, J.F.","contributorId":16625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nerbonne","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vondracek, B.","contributorId":69930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vondracek","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70025754,"text":"70025754 - 2003 - Geomedia: Mapping Colorado at a fine scale","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:32","indexId":"70025754","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1829,"text":"Geotimes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geomedia: Mapping Colorado at a fine scale","docAbstract":"Currently, only 24 percent of Colorado's spectacular geology has been mapped at the fine scale of 1:24,000. At the same time, the state hosts many geologic hazards. Most maps of Colorado are at much broader scales, failing to show detail of basic geology crucial to safe engineering and building practices in a state that had the third-fastest-growing population during the 1990s. And the 2000 Census showed that the state, despite some economic woes, remains one of the fastest growing. Detailed geologic maps also aid the mineral industries that help fuel such growth. Since 1992, the Colorado Geological Survey (CGS) has mapped 1:24,000-scale quadrangles in high-impact areas under the STATEMAP component of the National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program. In 2002, CGS completed its 43rd geologic quadrangle map. The long-range plan for the state is to complete 116 high-priority quadrangles in the next 15 years. The survey's approach is to select rapidly growing areas with relatively high potential for hazards and map contiguous quadrangles. In addition to mapping bedrock, CGS geologists have mapped the Quaternary deposits at the surface. Understanding these deposits is extremely important for implementing sound engineering practices because of potential for subsidence and landslides. The CGS mapping has not only yielded information about potential hazards, but also advanced scientific understanding of the state.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geotimes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00168556","usgsCitation":"Orndorff, R., 2003, Geomedia: Mapping Colorado at a fine scale: Geotimes, v. 48, no. 4, p. 36-37.","startPage":"36","endPage":"37","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234819,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"48","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2764e4b0c8380cd59845","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Orndorff, R.","contributorId":86945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orndorff","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70025885,"text":"70025885 - 2003 - Temporal connectivity in a prairie pothole complex","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-08T13:51:00","indexId":"70025885","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Temporal connectivity in a prairie pothole complex","docAbstract":"A number of studies have noted the occurrence of intermittent surface-water connections between depressional wetlands in general and prairie potholes in particular. Yet, the ecological implications of such connections remain largely unexplored. In 1995, we observed spillage into and out of a North Dakota wetland during two field visits. Between May 3 and May 26, there was a positive relationship between specific conductance and water level at this site, suggesting an external source of dissolved ions. We estimated that specific conductance may have increased at the site by as much as 614 μS cm−1 due to spillage from the upslope wetland. Based on a spatial analysis that compared National Wetlands Inventory maps with 1996 color infrared imagery, we estimated that 28% of the area’s wetlands had a temporary surface water connection to at least one other wetland at that time, including one complex of 14 interconnected wetlands. These results indicate that the connectivity observed in 1995 was not confined to the two wetlands nor to that single year. The degree of connectivity we observed would be expected to occur during the wetter portions of the region’s 20-year wet-dry cycle. We hypothesize that intermittent surface-water connections between wetlands occur throughout the prairie pothole region. Given patterns in relief and precipitation, these connections most likely would have occurred in the eastern portion of the prairie pothole region. However, wetland drainage may have altered historical patterns. The implication of these spatial and temporal trends is that surface-water connections between depressional wetlands should be viewed as a probability event that has some distribution over time and space. We refer to connections that are impermanent, temporally discontinuous, or sporadic as temporal connectivity. The most intriguing feature of these temporary connections may be that they could affect biodiversity or population dynamics through transport of individuals or reproductive bodies. Research is needed to determine whether these connections actually cause these biological effects and to characterize the distribution and effects of this phenomenon.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1672/0277-5212(2003)023[0013:TCIAPP]2.0.CO;2","issn":"02775212","usgsCitation":"Leibowitz, S., and Vining, K., 2003, Temporal connectivity in a prairie pothole complex: Wetlands, v. 23, no. 1, p. 13-25, https://doi.org/10.1672/0277-5212(2003)023[0013:TCIAPP]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"13","endPage":"25","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234505,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba508e4b08c986b320763","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leibowitz, S.G.","contributorId":66635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leibowitz","given":"S.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vining, K.C.","contributorId":63424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vining","given":"K.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70025984,"text":"70025984 - 2003 - Cladoceran zooplankton abundance under clear and snow-covered ice","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-16T22:47:32.999723","indexId":"70025984","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2299,"text":"Journal of Freshwater Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cladoceran zooplankton abundance under clear and snow-covered ice","docAbstract":"We described the distribution of cladoceran zooplankton under the ice in a natural, glacial lake. Local light availability apparently altered the spatial distribution of cladocerans. Light levels measured under snow-covered areas (0.178 lux) were an order of magnitude less than those measured at the same depth under clear ice (1.750 lux). Cladoceran density under snow-covered areas was significantly higher (Bosmina spp.=3.34/L; Daphnia spp.=0.61/L) than cladoceran abundance under clear ice (Bosmina spp.=O.91/L; Daphnia spp.= O.19/L).
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/02705060.2003.9663963","issn":"02705060","usgsCitation":"DeBates, T., Chipps, S., Ward, M., Werlin, K., and Lorenzen, P., 2003, Cladoceran zooplankton abundance under clear and snow-covered ice: Journal of Freshwater Ecology, v. 18, no. 1, p. 169-170, https://doi.org/10.1080/02705060.2003.9663963.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"169","endPage":"170","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":488858,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02705060.2003.9663963","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":387958,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f60be4b0c8380cd4c57c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DeBates, T.J.","contributorId":57250,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeBates","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chipps, S. R. 0000-0001-6511-7582","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6511-7582","contributorId":40369,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chipps","given":"S. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ward, M.C.","contributorId":75348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ward","given":"M.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Werlin, K.B.","contributorId":94840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Werlin","given":"K.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lorenzen, P.B.","contributorId":25426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lorenzen","given":"P.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70025519,"text":"70025519 - 2003 - Competitive interactions between age-0 bighead carp and paddlefish","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-07T12:48:11","indexId":"70025519","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Competitive interactions between age-0 bighead carp and paddlefish","docAbstract":"The effects of bighead carp Hypophthalmichthys nobilis on native planktivores in the USA is unknown. The objectives of this study were to experimentally test for competitive interactions between age-0 bighead carp and age-0 paddlefish Polyodon spathula. Differences among water chemistry variables, invertebrate densities, and relative growth of fish were assessed in mesocosms. Water chemistry variables were similar among treatments throughout the experiment and only exhibited a temporal effect. Zooplankton density declined in mesocosms after fish were introduced. In general, zooplankton densities did not differ among treatments but did differ from the control. The relative growth of paddlefish was negative in the paddlefish and paddlefish–bighead carp treatments. The relative growth of bighead carp was negative in the bighead carp treatment but positive in the paddlefish–bighead carp treatment. Age-0 paddlefish exhibited the greatest decrease in relative growth in mesocosms with bighead carp. Bighead carp exhibited the greatest increase in relative growth in mesocosms with paddlefish. These data suggest that bighead carp have the potential to negatively affect the growth of paddlefish when food resources are limited.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/T02-071","issn":"00028487","usgsCitation":"Schrank, S., Guy, C., and Fairchild, J., 2003, Competitive interactions between age-0 bighead carp and paddlefish: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 132, no. 6, p. 1222-1228, https://doi.org/10.1577/T02-071.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1222","endPage":"1228","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236235,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209594,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/T02-071"}],"volume":"132","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f8cde4b0c8380cd4d2df","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schrank, S.J.","contributorId":76499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schrank","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Guy, C.S.","contributorId":59160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guy","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fairchild, J.F.","contributorId":88891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fairchild","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70025755,"text":"70025755 - 2003 - An overview on current fluid-inclusion research and applications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-25T12:08:18","indexId":"70025755","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":644,"text":"Acta Petrologica Sinica","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An overview on current fluid-inclusion research and applications","docAbstract":"This paper provides an overview of some of the more important developments in fluid-inclusion research and applications in recent years, including fluid-inclusion petrography, PVTX studies, and analytical techniques. In fluid-inclusion petrography, the introduction of the concept of 'fluid-inclusion assemblage' has been a major advance. In PVTX studies, the use of synthetic fluid inclusions and hydrothermal diamond-anvil cells has greatly contributed to the characterization of the phase behaviour of geologically relevant fluid systems. Various analytical methods are being developed and refined rapidly, with the Laser-Raman and LA-ICP-MS techniques being particularly useful for volatile and solute analyses, respectively. Ore deposit research has been and will continue to be the main field of application of fluid inclusions. However, fluid inclusions have been increasingly applied to other fields of earth science, especially in petroleum geology and the study of magmatic and earth interior processes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Acta Petrologica Sinica","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"Chinese","issn":"10000569","usgsCitation":"Chi, G., Chou, I., and Lu, H., 2003, An overview on current fluid-inclusion research and applications: Acta Petrologica Sinica, v. 19, no. 2, p. 201-212.","startPage":"201","endPage":"212","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234820,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269998,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://caod.oriprobe.com/articles/5692253/An_overview_on_current_fluid_inclusion_research_and_applications.htm"}],"volume":"19","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eaaee4b0c8380cd489ef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chi, G.","contributorId":26865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chi","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chou, I.-M. 0000-0001-5233-6479","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5233-6479","contributorId":44283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chou","given":"I.-M.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":406452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lu, H.-Z.","contributorId":6638,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lu","given":"H.-Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70025964,"text":"70025964 - 2003 - Characterization and diagenesis of strong-acid carboxyl groups in humic substances","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-04T13:19:09","indexId":"70025964","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characterization and diagenesis of strong-acid carboxyl groups in humic substances","docAbstract":"A small fraction of carboxylic acid functional groups in humic substances are exceptionally acidic with pKa values as low as 0.5. A review of acid-group theory eliminated most models and explanations for these exceptionally acidic carboxyl groups. These acidic carboxyl groups in Suwannee River fulvic acid were enriched by a 2-stage fractionation process and the fractions were characterized by elemental, molecular-weight, and titrimetric analyses, and by infrared and 13C- and 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry. An average structural model of the most acidic fraction derived from the characterization data indicated a high density of carboxyl groups clustered on oxygen-heterocycle alicyclic rings. Intramolecular H-bonding between adjacent carboxyl groups in these ring structures enhanced stabilization of the carboxylate anion which results in low pKa1 values. The standard, tetrahydrofuran tetracarboxylic acid, was shown to have similar acidity characteristics to the highly acidic fulvic acid fraction. The end products of 3 known diagenetic pathways for the formation of humic substances were shown to result in carboxyl groups clustered on oxygen-heterocycle alicyclic rings.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0883-2927(02)00100-2","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Leenheer, J., Wershaw, R., Brown, G., and Reddy, M., 2003, Characterization and diagenesis of strong-acid carboxyl groups in humic substances: Applied Geochemistry, v. 18, no. 3, p. 471-482, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-2927(02)00100-2.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"471","endPage":"482","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234546,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f4ace4b0c8380cd4be54","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leenheer, J.A.","contributorId":75123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leenheer","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wershaw, R.L.","contributorId":62223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wershaw","given":"R.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brown, G.K.","contributorId":62362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"G.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Reddy, M.M.","contributorId":24363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reddy","given":"M.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70025756,"text":"70025756 - 2003 - Development of small carbonate banks on the south Florida platform margin: Response to sea level and climate change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-30T12:57:37","indexId":"70025756","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Development of small carbonate banks on the south Florida platform margin: Response to sea level and climate change","docAbstract":"Geophysical and coring data from the Dry Tortugas, Tortugas Bank, and Riley’s Hump on the southwest Florida margin reveal the stratigraphic framework and growth history of these carbonate banks. The Holocene reefs of the Dry Tortugas and Tortugas Bank are approximately 14 and 10 m thick, respectively, and are situated upon Pleistocene reefal edifices. Tortugas Bank consists of the oldest Holocene corals in the Florida Keys with earliest coral recruitment occurring at ∼9.6 cal ka. Growth curves for the Tortugas Bank reveal slow growth (<1 mm/yr) until 6.2 cal ka, then a rapid increase to 3.4 mm/yr, until shallow reef demise at ∼4.2 cal ka. Coral reef development at the Dry Tortugas began at ∼6.4 cal ka. Aggradation at the Dry Tortugas was linear, and rapid (∼3.7 mm/yr) and kept pace with sea-level change. The increase in aggradation rate of Tortugas Bank at 6.2 cal ka is attributed to the growth of the Dry Tortugas reefs, which formed a barrier to inimical shelf water. Termination of shallow (<15 m below sea level) reef growth at Tortugas Bank at ∼4.2 cal ka is attributed to paleoclimate change in the North American interior that increased precipitation and fluvial discharge. Reef growth rates and characteristics are related to the rate of sea-level rise relative to the position of the reef on the shelf margin, and are additionally modified by hydrographic conditions related to climate change.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Science","doi":"10.1016/S0025-3227(03)00141-5","issn":"00253227","usgsCitation":"Mallinson, D., Hine, A.C., Hallock, P., Locker, S., Shinn, E., Naar, D., Donahue, B., and Weaver, D.C., 2003, Development of small carbonate banks on the south Florida platform margin: Response to sea level and climate change: Marine Geology, v. 199, no. 1-2, p. 45-63, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-3227(03)00141-5.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"45","endPage":"63","numberOfPages":"19","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234821,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Dry Tortugas, Riley's Hump, Tortugas Bank","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.55950927734374,\n 24.67946552658519\n ],\n [\n -82.5238037109375,\n 24.627044746156027\n ],\n [\n -82.51281738281249,\n 24.587090339209634\n ],\n [\n -82.5897216796875,\n 24.587090339209634\n ],\n [\n -83.2159423828125,\n 24.57210414801684\n ],\n [\n -83.48785400390625,\n 24.58958786341259\n ],\n [\n -83.5015869140625,\n 24.6345347764961\n ],\n [\n -83.485107421875,\n 24.666986385216273\n ],\n [\n -82.66937255859375,\n 24.676969798202656\n ],\n [\n -82.55950927734374,\n 24.67946552658519\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"199","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0064e4b0c8380cd4f733","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mallinson, David J.","contributorId":74222,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mallinson","given":"David J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hine, Albert C.","contributorId":87580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hine","given":"Albert","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hallock, Pamela","contributorId":59536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hallock","given":"Pamela","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Locker, Stanley D. slocker@usgs.gov","contributorId":5906,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Locker","given":"Stanley D.","email":"slocker@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":406456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Shinn, Eugene","contributorId":119336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shinn","given":"Eugene","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Naar, David","contributorId":97393,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Naar","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7149,"text":"College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, FL","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":406460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Donahue, Brian","contributorId":22951,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Donahue","given":"Brian","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7149,"text":"College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, FL","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":406453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Weaver, Douglas C.","contributorId":102135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weaver","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70026126,"text":"70026126 - 2003 - U.S. Geological Survey resource assessment of selected Tertiary coal zones in Wyoming, Montana and North Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:35","indexId":"70026126","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2755,"text":"Mining Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"U.S. Geological Survey resource assessment of selected Tertiary coal zones in Wyoming, Montana and North Dakota","docAbstract":"In 1999, 1 Gt (1.1 billion st) of coal was produced in the United States. Of this total, 37% was produced in Wyoming, Montana and North Dakota. Coals of Tertiary age from these states typically have low ash contents. Most of these coals have sulfur contents that are in compliance with Clean Air Act standards and most have low concentrations of the trace elements that are of environmental concern. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Coal Resource Assessment for these states includes geologic, stratigraphic, palynologic and geochemical studies and resource calculations for major Tertiary coal zones in the Powder River, Williston, Greater Green River, Hanna and Carbon Basins. Calculated resources are 595 Gt (655 billion st). Results of the study are available in a USGS Professional Paper and a USGS Open-File Report, both in CD-ROM format.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mining Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00265187","usgsCitation":"Nichols, D.J., and Ellis, M., 2003, U.S. Geological Survey resource assessment of selected Tertiary coal zones in Wyoming, Montana and North Dakota: Mining Engineering, v. 55, no. 1, p. 33-38.","startPage":"33","endPage":"38","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234921,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"55","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbb10e4b08c986b3284a3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nichols, D. J.","contributorId":55466,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ellis, M.S.","contributorId":64301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellis","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70026127,"text":"70026127 - 2003 - The gulf surgeon, Acanthurus randalli, a junior synonym of the ocean surgeon, Acanthurus bahianus (teleostei: Acanthuridae)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-06T16:32:09.024737","indexId":"70026127","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1873,"text":"Gulf of Mexico Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"The gulf surgeon, Acanthurus randalli, a junior synonym of the ocean surgeon, Acanthurus bahianus (teleostei: Acanthuridae)","title":"The gulf surgeon, Acanthurus randalli, a junior synonym of the ocean surgeon, Acanthurus bahianus (teleostei: Acanthuridae)","docAbstract":"We compared 62 specimens, 48-126.5 mm standard length, of Acanthurus bahianus from the northeastern Gulf of Mexico with 95 specimens from other localities to determine if the distinguishing characters in the original description of the Gulf of Mexico endemic surgeonfish Acanthurus randalli were valid. No color pattern or meristic differences were found, and the only measurement that allowed distinction (91% percent concordance) was the shallower caudal concavity of northeastern Gulf of Mexico specimens. Acanthurus chirurgus from the northeastern Gulf of Mexico also have shallower caudal concavities (93.7% percent concordance) than do conspecifics from other areas, suggesting that this trend may be correlated with some unknown environmental influence. Considering the extended planktonic larval dispersal capabilities of Atlantic surgeonfishes, and that the single divergent morphological character state is also exhibited in a sympatric northeastern Gulf of Mexico population of A. chirurgus, recognition of A. randalli is untenable, and the name is considered a junior synonym of A. bahianus. An identification key to western Atlantic species of Acanthurus that incorporates the results of this study is given.
","language":"English","publisher":"University of Southern Mississippi","doi":"10.18785/goms.2002.02","issn":"1087688X","usgsCitation":"Smith-Vaniz, W., Jelks, H., and Randall, J., 2003, The gulf surgeon, Acanthurus randalli, a junior synonym of the ocean surgeon, Acanthurus bahianus (teleostei: Acanthuridae): Gulf of Mexico Science, v. 20, no. 2, p. 98-105, https://doi.org/10.18785/goms.2002.02.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"98","endPage":"105","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478384,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.18785/goms.2002.02","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":234922,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Mexico","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.93408203124999,\n 30.543338954230222\n ],\n [\n -89.8681640625,\n 23.543845136505844\n ],\n [\n -80.70556640625,\n 23.664650731631614\n ],\n [\n -80.74951171875,\n 25.34402602913433\n ],\n [\n -81.1669921875,\n 25.859223554761407\n ],\n [\n -81.6064453125,\n 26.05678288577881\n ],\n [\n -81.82617187499999,\n 26.92206991673282\n ],\n [\n -82.353515625,\n 27.254629577800063\n ],\n [\n -82.24365234375,\n 28.130127737874005\n ],\n [\n -82.529296875,\n 28.265682390146477\n ],\n [\n -82.50732421875,\n 29.075375179558346\n ],\n [\n -82.7490234375,\n 29.267232865200878\n ],\n [\n -82.94677734375,\n 29.32472016151103\n ],\n [\n -83.408203125,\n 29.859701442126756\n ],\n [\n -83.86962890625,\n 30.240086360983426\n ],\n [\n -84.35302734375,\n 30.240086360983426\n ],\n [\n -84.90234375,\n 29.973970240516614\n ],\n [\n -85.20996093749999,\n 29.859701442126756\n ],\n [\n -85.3857421875,\n 30.240086360983426\n ],\n [\n -85.71533203125,\n 30.467614102257855\n ],\n [\n -86.30859375,\n 30.619004797647808\n ],\n [\n -88.04443359375,\n 30.92107637538488\n ],\n [\n -88.35205078124999,\n 30.619004797647808\n ],\n [\n -89.93408203124999,\n 30.543338954230222\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"20","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bacabe4b08c986b32365e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith-Vaniz, W. F.","contributorId":20684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith-Vaniz","given":"W. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jelks, H.L. 0000-0002-0672-6297","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0672-6297","contributorId":12000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jelks","given":"H.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Randall, J.E.","contributorId":41380,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Randall","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70025963,"text":"70025963 - 2003 - Recombinant raccoon pox vaccine protects mice against lethal plague","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-17T13:42:57","indexId":"70025963","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3673,"text":"Vaccine","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Recombinant raccoon pox vaccine protects mice against lethal plague","docAbstract":"Using a raccoon poxvirus (RCN) expression system, we have developed new recombinant vaccines that can protect mice against lethal plague infection. We tested the effects of a translation enhancer (EMCV-IRES) in combination with a secretory (tPA) signal or secretory (tPA) and membrane anchoring (CHV-gG) signals on in vitro antigen expression of F1 antigen in tissue culture and the induction of antibody responses and protection against Yersinia pestis challenge in mice. The RCN vector successfully expressed the F1 protein of Y. pestis in vitro. In addition, the level of expression was increased by the insertion of the EMCV-IRES and combinations of this and the secretory signal or secretory and anchoring signals. These recombinant viruses generated protective immune responses that resulted in survival of 80% of vaccinated mice upon challenge with Y. pestis. Of the RCN-based vaccines we tested, the RCN-IRES-tPA-YpF1 recombinant construct was the most efficacious. Mice vaccinated with this construct withstood challenge with as many as 1.5 million colony forming units of Y. pestis (7.7×104 LD50). Interestingly, vaccination with F1 fused to the anchoring signal (RCN-IRES-tPA-YpF1-gG) elicited significant anti-F1 antibody titers, but failed to protect mice from plague challenge. Our studies demonstrate, in vitro and in vivo, the potential importance of the EMCV-IRES and secretory signals in vaccine design. These molecular tools provide a new approach for improving the efficacy of vaccines. In addition, these novel recombinant vaccines could have human, veterinary, and wildlife applications in the prevention of plague.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0264-410X(02)00557-1","issn":"0264410X","usgsCitation":"Osorio, J., Powell, T., Frank, R., Moss, K., Haanes, E., Smith, S., Rocke, T., and Stinchcomb, D., 2003, Recombinant raccoon pox vaccine protects mice against lethal plague: Vaccine, v. 21, no. 11-12, p. 1232-1238, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0264-410X(02)00557-1.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1232","endPage":"1238","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234545,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208657,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0264-410X(02)00557-1"}],"volume":"21","issue":"11-12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9686e4b0c8380cd8204d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Osorio, J.E.","contributorId":67052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Osorio","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Powell, T.D.","contributorId":55781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Frank, R.S.","contributorId":17809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frank","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Moss, K.","contributorId":87729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moss","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Haanes, E.J.","contributorId":105094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haanes","given":"E.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Smith, S.R.","contributorId":12809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Rocke, Tonie E. 0000-0003-3933-1563","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3933-1563","contributorId":88680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rocke","given":"Tonie E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Stinchcomb, D.T.","contributorId":31336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stinchcomb","given":"D.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70026128,"text":"70026128 - 2003 - Structure and dynamics of mixed-species flocks in a Hawaiian rain forest","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-09T15:19:33","indexId":"70026128","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Structure and dynamics of mixed-species flocks in a Hawaiian rain forest","docAbstract":"Mixed-species flocks of native and introduced birds were studied for four years in an upper elevation Hawaiian rain forest. Those flocks were characterized by strong seasonality, large size, low species richness, high intraspecific abundance, a lack of migrants, and a general lack of territoriality or any sort of dominance hierarchy. There was high variability among years in patterns of occurrence at the species level, and high variability within years at the individual level. These flocks are loosely structured social groupings with apparently open membership. The fluid, unstable movement patterns, high degree of variability in size and composition, and lack of positive interspecific associations are not consistent with the “foraging enhancement” hypothesis for flocking. Two resident, endangered insectivores, the Akepa (Loxops coccineus) and Hawaii Creeper (Oreomystis mana) served as “nuclear” species. Flock composition was compared between two study sites that differed significantly in density of these two nuclear species. Flock size was similar at the two sites, primarily because the nuclear species were over-represented relative to their density. This observation suggests that birds are attempting to achieve a more optimal flock size at the lower density site.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1642/0004-8038(2003)120[0082:SADOMF]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00048038","usgsCitation":"Hart, P., and Freed, L., 2003, Structure and dynamics of mixed-species flocks in a Hawaiian rain forest: The Auk, v. 120, no. 1, p. 82-95, https://doi.org/10.1642/0004-8038(2003)120[0082:SADOMF]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"82","endPage":"95","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234923,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"120","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9c0fe4b08c986b31d25c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hart, P.J.","contributorId":104260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Freed, L.A.","contributorId":23732,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freed","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70026129,"text":"70026129 - 2003 - Avian fruit preferences across a Puerto Rican forested landscape: Pattern consistency and implications for seed removal","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:35","indexId":"70026129","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2932,"text":"Oecologia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Avian fruit preferences across a Puerto Rican forested landscape: Pattern consistency and implications for seed removal","docAbstract":"Avian fruit consumption may ensure plant reproductive success when frugivores show consistent preference patterns and effectively remove and disperse seeds. In this study we examined avian fruit preferences and their seed-removal services at five study sites in north-central Puerto Rico. At each site, we documented the diet of seven common fruit-eating avian species from February to September 1998. Using foraging observations and area-based estimates of fruit abundance, we examined preference patterns of birds. We found that 7 out of 68 fleshy-fruited plant species were responsible for most of the fruit diet of birds. Seventeen plant species were preferred and four of them were repeatedly preferred across several study sites and times by at least one avian species. Preferred plant species comprised a small percentage of fleshy fruits at each site (<15% in four out of five study sites), but showed extended phenology patterns. The quantity of seeds removed by frugivore species was not strictly related to preferences. Some frugivores showing no preference could effectively remove more seeds from plants at some locations than species exhibiting constancy in their patterns of preference. Only two frugivores, Euphonia musica and Vireo altiloquous, removed most of the seeds of plants for which they exhibited repeated preference across the landscape. Preference patterns, particularly those exhibiting consistency in space and time for plant species having prolonged fruiting periods, may have important mechanistic consequences for the persistence, succession, and regeneration of tropical plant communities.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Oecologia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00442-002-1087-1","issn":"00298549","usgsCitation":"Carlo, T., Collazo, J., and Groom, M.J., 2003, Avian fruit preferences across a Puerto Rican forested landscape: Pattern consistency and implications for seed removal: Oecologia, v. 134, no. 1, p. 119-131, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-002-1087-1.","startPage":"119","endPage":"131","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208882,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00442-002-1087-1"},{"id":234957,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"134","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ef67e4b0c8380cd4a21b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carlo, T.A.","contributorId":26489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlo","given":"T.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Collazo, J.A.","contributorId":35039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collazo","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Groom, Martha J.","contributorId":37128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Groom","given":"Martha","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70025518,"text":"70025518 - 2003 - Elevation effects in volcano applications of the COSPEC","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:59","indexId":"70025518","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1785,"text":"Geological Society Special Publication","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Elevation effects in volcano applications of the COSPEC","docAbstract":"Volcano applications commonly involve sizeable departures from the reference pressure and temperature of COSPEC calibration cells. Analysis shows that COSPEC SO2 column abundances and derived mass emission rates are independent of pressure and temperature, and thus unaffected by elevation effects related to deviations from calibration cell reference state. However, path-length concentrations are pressure and temperature dependent. Since COSPEC path-length concentration data assume the reference pressure and temperature of calibration cells, they can lead to large errors when used to calculate SO2 mixing ratios of volcanic plumes. Correction factors for COSPEC path-length concentrations become significant (c.10%) at elevations of about 1 km (e.g. Kilauea volcano) and rise rapidly to c.80% at 6 km (e.g. Cotopaxi volcano). Calculating SO2 mixing ratios for volcanic plumes directly from COSPEC path-length concentrations always gives low results. Corrections can substantially increase mixing ratios; for example, corrections increase SO2 ppm concentrations reported for the Mount St Helens, Colima, and Erebus plumes by 25-50%. Several arguments suggest it would be advantageous to calibrate COSPEC measurements in column abundance units rather than path-length concentration units.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geological Society Special Publication","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"03058719","usgsCitation":"Gerlach, T., 2003, Elevation effects in volcano applications of the COSPEC: Geological Society Special Publication, no. 213, p. 169-175.","startPage":"169","endPage":"175","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236234,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"213","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a08cce4b0c8380cd51c9a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gerlach, T.M.","contributorId":38713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gerlach","given":"T.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70025962,"text":"70025962 - 2003 - Late Pleistocene to Holocene slip rates for the Gurvan Bulag thrust fault (Gobi-Altay, Mongolia) estimated with 10Be dates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:25","indexId":"70025962","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late Pleistocene to Holocene slip rates for the Gurvan Bulag thrust fault (Gobi-Altay, Mongolia) estimated with 10Be dates","docAbstract":"We surveyed morphotectonic markers along the central part of the Gurvan Bulag thrust, a fault that ruptured with the Bogd fault during the Gobi-Altay earthquake (1957, M 8.3), to document climatic and tectonic processes along the fault for the late Pleistocene- Holocene period. The markers were dated using 10Be produced in situ. Two major periods of alluviation ended at 131 ?? 20 and 16 ?? 4.8 ka. These appear to be contemporaneous with global climatic changes at the terminations of marine isotope stages (MIS) 6 and 2. The vertical slip rates, determined from offset measurements and surfaces ages, are 0.14 ?? 0.03 mm/yr over the late Pleistocene-Holocene and between 0.44 ?? 0.11 and 1.05 ?? 0.25 mm/yr since the end of the late Pleistocene. The higher of these slip rates for the last ???16 kyr is consistent with paleoseismic investigations along the fault [Prentice et al., 2002], and suggests that, at the end of late Pleistocene, the fault evolved from quiescence to having recurrence intervals of 4.0 ?? 1.2 kyr for surface ruptures with ???4 m vertical offset (similar to that of 1957). The inferred recurrence interval is comparable to that of the Bogd fault (3.7 ?? 1.3 kyr) suggesting that the two faults may have ruptured together also earlier during the last ???16 kyr.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Ritz, J., Bourles, D., Brown, E., Carretier, S., Chery, J., Enhtuvshin, B., Galsan, P., Finkel, R., Hanks, T.C., Kendrick, K., Philip, H., Raisbeck, G., Schlupp, A., Schwartz, D.P., and Yiou, F., 2003, Late Pleistocene to Holocene slip rates for the Gurvan Bulag thrust fault (Gobi-Altay, Mongolia) estimated with 10Be dates: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 108, no. 3.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234511,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"108","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4519e4b0c8380cd67031","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ritz, J.-F.","contributorId":105890,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ritz","given":"J.-F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bourles, D.","contributorId":66036,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bourles","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brown, E.T.","contributorId":6636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"E.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Carretier, S.","contributorId":21322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carretier","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Chery, J.","contributorId":54774,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chery","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Enhtuvshin, B.","contributorId":53542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Enhtuvshin","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Galsan, P.","contributorId":6231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galsan","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Finkel, R.C.","contributorId":79677,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finkel","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Hanks, Thomas C.","contributorId":35763,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanks","given":"Thomas","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Kendrick, K.J. 0000-0002-9839-6861","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9839-6861","contributorId":48595,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendrick","given":"K.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Philip, H.","contributorId":43122,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Philip","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Raisbeck, G.","contributorId":33098,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raisbeck","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Schlupp, A.","contributorId":66037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schlupp","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Schwartz, David P. 0000-0001-5193-9200","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5193-9200","contributorId":52968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwartz","given":"David","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Yiou, F.","contributorId":94829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yiou","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15}]}} ,{"id":70025961,"text":"70025961 - 2003 - Applying ecological criteria to marine reserve design: A case study from the California Channel Islands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-27T17:05:09.286629","indexId":"70025961","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Applying ecological criteria to marine reserve design: A case study from the California Channel Islands","docAbstract":"Using ecological criteria as a theoretical framework, we describe the steps involved in designing a network of marine reserves for conservation and fisheries management. Although we describe the case study of the Channel Islands, the approach to marine reserve design may be effective in other regions where traditional management alone does not sustain marine resources. A group of agencies, organizations, and individuals established clear goals for marine reserves in the Channel Islands, including conservation of ecosystem biodiversity, sustainable fisheries, economic viability, natural and cultural heritage, and education. Given the constraints of risk management, experimental design, monitoring, and enforcement, scientists recommended at least one, but no more than four, reserves in each biogeographic region. In general, the percentage of an area to be included in a reserve network depends on the goals. In the Channel Islands, after consideration of both conservation goals and the risk from human threats and natural catastrophes, scientists recommended reserving an area of 30–50% of all representative habitats in each biogeographic region. For most species of concern, except pinnipeds and seabirds, information about distributions, dispersal, and population growth was limited. As an alternative to species distribution information, suitable habitats for species of concern were used to locate potential reserve sites. We used a simulated annealing algorithm to identify potential reserve network scenarios that would represent all habitats within the smallest area possible. The analysis produced an array of potential reserve network scenarios that all met the established goals.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/1051-0761(2003)013[0170:aectmr]2.0.co;2","issn":"10510761","usgsCitation":"Airame, S., Dugan, J., Lafferty, K.D., Leslie, H., McArdle, D., and Warner, R., 2003, Applying ecological criteria to marine reserve design: A case study from the California Channel Islands: Ecological Applications, v. 13, no. 1 SUPPL., p. S170-S184, https://doi.org/10.1890/1051-0761(2003)013[0170:aectmr]2.0.co;2.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"S170","endPage":"S184","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478465,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1890/1051-0761(2003)013[0170:aectmr]2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":387477,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Channel Islands","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.7177734375,\n 32.685619853722\n ],\n [\n -118.19091796875,\n 32.685619853722\n ],\n [\n -118.19091796875,\n 34.20725938207231\n ],\n [\n -120.7177734375,\n 34.20725938207231\n ],\n [\n -120.7177734375,\n 32.685619853722\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"13","issue":"1 SUPPL.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eccfe4b0c8380cd494db","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Airame, S.","contributorId":69754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Airame","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dugan, J.E.","contributorId":13584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dugan","given":"J.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lafferty, K. D.","contributorId":58213,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lafferty","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Leslie, H.","contributorId":61785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leslie","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McArdle, D.A.","contributorId":107233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McArdle","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Warner, R.R.","contributorId":92201,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warner","given":"R.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70025960,"text":"70025960 - 2003 - Monthly Strontium/Calcium oscillations in symbiotic coral aragonite: Biological effects limiting the precision of the paleotemperature proxy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-24T10:21:36","indexId":"70025960","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Monthly Strontium/Calcium oscillations in symbiotic coral aragonite: Biological effects limiting the precision of the paleotemperature proxy","docAbstract":"In thermodynamic equilibrium with sea water the Sr/Ca ratio of aragonite varies predictably with temperature and the Sr/Ca ratio in coral have thus become a frequently used proxy for past Sea Surface Temperature (SST). However, biological effects can offset the Sr/Ca ratio from its equilibrium value. We report high spatial resolution ion microprobe analyses of well defined skeletal elements in the reef‐building coral Porites lutea that reveal distinct monthly oscillations in the Sr/Ca ratio, with an amplitude in excess of ten percent. The extreme Sr/Ca variations, which we propose result from metabolic changes synchronous with the lunar cycle, introduce variability in Sr/Ca measurements based on conventional sampling techniques well beyond the analytical precision. These variations can limit the accuracy of Sr/Ca paleothermometry by conventional sampling techniques to about 2°C. Our results may help explain the notorious difficulties involved in obtaining an accurate and consistent calibration of the Sr/Ca vs. SST relationship.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2002GL016864","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Meibom, A., Stage, M., Wooden, J.L., Constantz, B., Dunbar, R., Owen, A., Grumet, N., Bacon, C., and Chamberlain, C., 2003, Monthly Strontium/Calcium oscillations in symbiotic coral aragonite: Biological effects limiting the precision of the paleotemperature proxy: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 30, no. 7, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2002GL016864.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":489820,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/177090","text":"External Repository"},{"id":235055,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-04-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5e17e4b0c8380cd707bb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meibom, A.","contributorId":28414,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meibom","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stage, M.","contributorId":85761,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stage","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wooden, Joseph L.","contributorId":193587,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wooden","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Constantz, B.R.","contributorId":30011,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Constantz","given":"B.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dunbar, R. B.","contributorId":92834,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dunbar","given":"R. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Owen, A.","contributorId":45495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Owen","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Grumet, N.","contributorId":14619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grumet","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Bacon, C. R. 0000-0002-2165-5618","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2165-5618","contributorId":21522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bacon","given":"C. R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":407253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Chamberlain, C. P.","contributorId":103841,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chamberlain","given":"C. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70025959,"text":"70025959 - 2003 - Applied geochemistry, geology and mineralogy of the northernmost Carlin trend, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-27T17:50:13.572035","indexId":"70025959","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Applied geochemistry, geology and mineralogy of the northernmost Carlin trend, Nevada","docAbstract":"Investigations in the northernmost Carlin trend were undertaken to advance understanding of the geochemical signatures and genesis of precious metal deposits in the trend. Two fundamental geologic relationships near the trend significantly affect regional geochemical distributions: a remarkably intact lower Paleozoic stratigraphic sequence of siliceous rocks in the upper plate of the middle Paleozoic Roberts Mountains thrust, and the widespread repetition of rocks high in the upper plate during late Paleozoic thrusting that thickens the cover above mineralized rock in the lower plate. A compilation of previously published chemical analyses of 440 stream sediment samples and 115 rocks from two 7 1/2-minute quadrangles, as well as new chemical analyses of approximately 1,000 drill core samples in a 1,514 m (4,970 ft) hole through the Rodeo Creek deposit were used to construct three-dimensional element distribution models that highlight metal zonation in the mineralized systems. The Rodeo Creek deposit comprises deep Ag base-metal ± Au-mineralized rock below the Roberts Mountains thrust and contains an unusually high Ag/Au ratio greater than 30. Stacked geochemical halos related to the deposit are confined to the lower plate of the Roberts Mountains thrust and include two horizons of Hg, Cu, and Zn anomalies-as much as 180 m above the deposit-that mostly result from mercurian sphalerite. Extremely subtle indications of mineralization in the upper plate of the Roberts Mountains thrust above the deposit include arsenopyrite overgrowths on small pyrite crystals in 50- to 75-μm-wide clay-carbonate veinlets that lack alteration halos, arsenical rims on small disseminated crystal of recrystallized diagenetic pyrite, and partial replacement of diagenetic pyrite by tennantite. Some of these minerals contain anomalously high Au. However, these As-(Au)-bearing rocks most likely represent another locus of largely untested mineralized rock rather than distal halos related to either the Rodeo Creek or the nearby Dee and Storm gold deposits. Application of micromineralogic techniques helped to identify mineral assemblages that are specific to mineralization and provided an empirical foundation for interpretations of geochemical halos in the Carlin trend. District-scale geochemical patterns of several elements in stream sediments and surface rocks coincide with the northernmost Carlin trend and can be used to explore for Carlin-type deposits. Concentrations of elevated As and Sb in stream sediments (as much as 54 ppm As) have northwest-elongate lobate patterns that clearly outline the trend across a width of approximately 4 km. Arsenic contents of exposed rocks (as much as 90 ppm As) strongly correlate with As contents of derivative stream sediments, and rock contents of Sb show a somewhat lesser but nonetheless strong and similar correspondence. Factor analysis of stream-sediment data shows that those factor scores that are correlated with As, Sb, Au, and Pb also are high along the trend and suggest that mineralized rocks may be present. Although As was not detected by scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive spectrometer (SEM-EDS) studies in heavy mineral concentrates of high-As stream sediments in the Carlin trend, X-ray absorption near-edge spectra (XANES) of selected light fractions of stream sediment samples indicate that Al-bearing phases, such as gibbsite, amorphous Al oxyhydroxides, or aluminosilicate clay minerals host most of the As(V). The best fit, visually and in terms of the lowest residual, was obtained by a model compound of As(V) sorbed to gibbsite. Thus, most As in stream sediments derived from altered rock within the Carlin trend apparently is contained in light fractions. The geochemical character of young, unconsolidated, postmineral deposits that cover mineralized rocks on the Carlin trend partly results from mineralized sources along the trend. Concentration of As in the Miocene Carlin Formation shows an exceptionally well developed progressive increase to about 30 ppm As as altered rock surrounding the trend is approached. Mineralized and/or altered rock fragments probably have been shed directly into the sedimentary basin of the Carlin Formation, and migration of As, now fixed as As(V), also may have occurred in the supergene environment after material was recycled out of the Carlin Formation and into present-day gulleys.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.98.2.287","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Theodore, T.G., Kotlyar, B.B., Singer, D., Berger, V., Abbott, E., and Foster, A., 2003, Applied geochemistry, geology and mineralogy of the northernmost Carlin trend, Nevada: Economic Geology, v. 98, no. 2, p. 287-316, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.98.2.287.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"287","endPage":"316","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":387483,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","city":"Carlin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.17492675781251,\n 40.68063802521456\n ],\n [\n -115.9881591796875,\n 40.68063802521456\n ],\n [\n -115.9881591796875,\n 40.78885994449482\n ],\n [\n -116.17492675781251,\n 40.78885994449482\n ],\n [\n -116.17492675781251,\n 40.68063802521456\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"98","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eccde4b0c8380cd494cf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Theodore, T. G.","contributorId":38122,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Theodore","given":"T.","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kotlyar, B. B.","contributorId":74408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kotlyar","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Singer, D.A.","contributorId":69128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Singer","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Berger, V.I.","contributorId":50920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berger","given":"V.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Abbott, E.W.","contributorId":7890,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abbott","given":"E.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Foster, A. L. 0000-0003-1362-0068","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1362-0068","contributorId":17190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foster","given":"A. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70025758,"text":"70025758 - 2003 - Are corticosterone levels a good indicator of food availability and reproductive performance in a kittiwake colony?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-04T16:29:25.277607","indexId":"70025758","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1907,"text":"Hormones and Behavior","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Are corticosterone levels a good indicator of food availability and reproductive performance in a kittiwake colony?","docAbstract":"We evaluated the use of corticosterone to gauge forage availability and predict reproductive performance in black-legged kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla) breeding in Alaska during 1999 and 2000. We modeled the relationship between baseline levels of corticosterone and a suite of individual and temporal characteristics of the sampled birds. We also provided supplemental food to a sample of pairs and compared their corticosterone levels with that of pairs that were not fed. Corticosterone levels were a good predictor of forage availability in some situations, although inconsistencies between corticosterone levels and reproductive performance of fed and unfed kittiwakes suggested that this was not always the case. In general, higher corticosterone levels were found in birds that lacked breeding experience and in birds sampled shortly after arriving from their wintering grounds. All parameters investigated, however, explained only a small proportion of the variance in corticosterone levels. We also investigated whether corticosterone, supplemental feeding, year of the study, breeding experience, body weight, and sex of a bird were able to predict laying, hatching, and fledging success in kittiwakes. Here, breeding experience, year of the study, and body weight were the best predictors of a bird’s performance. Corticosterone level and supplemental feeding were good predictors of kittiwake reproductive performance in some cases. For example, corticosterone levels of birds sampled during the arrival stage reliably predicted laying success, but were less reliable at predicting hatching and fledging success. Counts of active nests with eggs or chicks may be more reliable estimates of the actual productivity of the colony. Supplemental feeding had strong effects on kittiwake productivity when natural forage was poor, but had little effect when natural forage was plentiful.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0018-506X(03)00030-8","usgsCitation":"Lanctot, R., Hatch, S.A., Gill, V., and Eens, M., 2003, Are corticosterone levels a good indicator of food availability and reproductive performance in a kittiwake colony?: Hormones and Behavior, v. 43, no. 4, p. 489-502, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0018-506X(03)00030-8.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"489","endPage":"502","costCenters":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234861,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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Reservoir","docAbstract":"Impoundment of the Snake River, Washington, has resulted in high water temperatures and late seaward migration of juvenile fall chinook salmon during summer months. To determine if juvenile fall chinook salmon are exposed to temperatures higher than the upper incipient lethal, we tagged groups of fish with temperature-sensing radio tags and tracked them in Little Goose Reservoir on the Snake River during the summers of 1998 and 1999. Spatial and temporal patterns of the reservoir's thermal environment were described using a bathythermograph. Little Goose Reservoir was generally homothermic, and temperatures selected by fish were typically not significantly different from mean water temperatures. No areas of thermal refugia existed in Little Goose Reservoir. Thermal exposure was most influenced by fish residence time in the reservoir within each year and by temperature differences between years. Current augmentation of Snake River summer flows with cold-water releases from Dworshak Dam in Idaho reduces the thermal exposure of juvenile fall chinook salmon by lowering water temperatures up to 4??C and may therefore increase their survival. Continued flow augmentation using water from Dworshak Reservoir may be the only mechanism to meet the temperature standard for the lower Snake River.
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At the global level, the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations has conducted a Forest Resources Assessment (FRA) program every 10 yr since 1980, producing statistics and analysis that give a global synopsis of forest resources in the world. For the year 2000 of the FRA program (FRA2000), a global forest cover map was produced to provide spatial context to the extensive survey. The forest cover map, produced at the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) EROS Data Center (EDC), has five classes: closed forest, open or fragmented forest, other wooded land, other land cover, and water. The first two forested classes at the global scale were delineated using combinations of temporal compositing, modified mixture analysis, geographic stratification, and other classification techniques. The remaining three FAO classes were derived primarily from the USGS global land cover characteristics database (Loveland et al. 1999). Validated on the basis of existing reference data sets, the map is estimated to be 77% accurate for the first four classes (no reference data were available for water), and 86% accurate for the forest and nonforest classification. The final map will be published as an insert to the FAO FRA2000 report.","language":"English","issn":"0015749X","usgsCitation":"Zhu, Z., and Waller, E., 2003, Global forest cover mapping for the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization forest resources assessment 2000 program: Forest Science, v. 49, no. 3, p. 369-380.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"369","endPage":"380","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236194,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"49","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2946e4b0c8380cd5a800","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zhu, Z.","contributorId":10898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhu","given":"Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Waller, E.","contributorId":54389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waller","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}