{"pageNumber":"2887","pageRowStart":"72150","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184617,"records":[{"id":70025913,"text":"70025913 - 2003 - Population characteristics and ecological role of northern pike in shallow natural lakes in Nebraska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:33","indexId":"70025913","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Population characteristics and ecological role of northern pike in shallow natural lakes in Nebraska","docAbstract":"Northern pike Esox lucius were sampled in Nebraska's Sandhill lakes during 1998 and 1999 to determine population characteristics and their influence on the fish community in these shallow, warm lakes at the southwestern edge of this species' natural range. Density-dependent growth, size structure, and condition were not evident in the northern pike populations sampled. Relative abundance of largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides was positively related to size structure of yellow perch Perca flavescens and bluegills Lepomis macrochirus when northen pike were absent. When northern pike and largemouth bass populations were sympatric, these relationships were less evident. Population size structure of yellow perch was lower in lakes with northern pike, but decreased size structure was not evident for bluegills. Northern pike growth decreased with July bottom water temperature, which ranged from 20??C to 25??C. Recruitment patterns of northern pike in the Sandhill lakes appeared to be lake-specific, strong and weak year-classes occurring in the same year among different populations. Northern pike in these shallow, warm lakes act as a top-down predator and appear to structure fish communities predominated by largemouth bass and panfish. Biologists managing warmwater Midwestern lakes thus should consider the effect of northern pike on fish communities.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/1548-8675(2003)023<0313:PCAERO>2.0.CO;2","issn":"02755947","usgsCitation":"Paukert, C., and Willis, D., 2003, Population characteristics and ecological role of northern pike in shallow natural lakes in Nebraska: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 23, no. 1, p. 313-322, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(2003)023<0313:PCAERO>2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"313","endPage":"322","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208875,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(2003)023<0313:PCAERO>2.0.CO;2"},{"id":234945,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7d30e4b0c8380cd79dd9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paukert, C.P.","contributorId":10151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paukert","given":"C.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Willis, D.W.","contributorId":56179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willis","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70025911,"text":"70025911 - 2003 - A shallow fault-zone structure illuminated by trapped waves in the Karadere-Duzce branch of the North Anatolian Fault, western Turkey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:33","indexId":"70025911","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1803,"text":"Geophysical Journal International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A shallow fault-zone structure illuminated by trapped waves in the Karadere-Duzce branch of the North Anatolian Fault, western Turkey","docAbstract":"We discuss the subsurface structure of the Karadere-Duzce branch of the North Anatolian Fault based on analysis of a large seismic data set recorded by a local PASSCAL network in the 6 months following the Mw = 7.4 1999 Izmit earthquake. Seismograms observed at stations located in the immediate vicinity of the rupture zone show motion amplification and long-period oscillations in both P- and S-wave trains that do not exist in nearby off-fault stations. Examination of thousands of waveforms reveals that these characteristics are commonly generated by events that are well outside the fault zone. The anomalous features in fault-zone seismograms produced by events not necessarily in the fault may be referred to generally as fault-zone-related site effects. The oscillatory shear wave trains after the direct S arrival in these seismograms are analysed as trapped waves propagating in a low-velocity fault-zone layer. The time difference between the S arrival and trapped waves group does not grow systematically with increasing source-receiver separation along the fault. These observations imply that the trapping of seismic energy in the Karadere-Duzce rupture zone is generated by a shallow fault-zone layer. Traveltime analysis and synthetic waveform modelling indicate that the depth of the trapping structure is approximately 3-4 km. The synthetic waveform modelling indicates further that the shallow trapping structure has effective waveguide properties consisting of thickness of the order of 100 m, a velocity decrease relative to the surrounding rock of approximately 50 per cent and an S-wave quality factor of 10-15. The results are supported by large 2-D and 3-D parameter space studies and are compatible with recent analyses of trapped waves in a number of other faults and rupture zones. The inferred shallow trapping structure is likely to be a common structural element of fault zones and may correspond to the top part of a flower-type structure. The motion amplification associated with fault-zone-related site effects increases the seismic shaking hazard near fault-zone structures. The effect may be significant since the volume of sources capable of generating motion amplification in shallow trapping structures is large.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Journal International","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1046/j.1365-246X.2003.01870.x","issn":"0956540X","usgsCitation":"Ben-Zion, Y., Peng, Z., Okaya, D., Seeber, L., Armbruster, J., Ozer, N., Michael, A., Baris, S., and Aktar, M., 2003, A shallow fault-zone structure illuminated by trapped waves in the Karadere-Duzce branch of the North Anatolian Fault, western Turkey: Geophysical Journal International, v. 152, no. 3, p. 699-717, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-246X.2003.01870.x.","startPage":"699","endPage":"717","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478406,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-246x.2003.01870.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":208855,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-246X.2003.01870.x"},{"id":234909,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"152","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e586e4b0c8380cd46dc5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ben-Zion, Y.","contributorId":22918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ben-Zion","given":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peng, Z.","contributorId":95598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peng","given":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Okaya, D.","contributorId":45874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Okaya","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Seeber, L.","contributorId":37329,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seeber","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Armbruster, J.G.","contributorId":71202,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Armbruster","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ozer, N.","contributorId":56011,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ozer","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Michael, A.J. 0000-0002-2403-5019","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2403-5019","contributorId":52192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michael","given":"A.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Baris, S.","contributorId":104259,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baris","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Aktar, M.","contributorId":39172,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aktar","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70025837,"text":"70025837 - 2003 - Are Mojave Desert annual species equal? Resource acquisition and allocation for the invasive grass Bromus madritensis subsp. rubens (Poaceae) and two native species","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-04T14:26:04.076689","indexId":"70025837","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":724,"text":"American Journal of Botany","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Are Mojave Desert annual species equal? Resource acquisition and allocation for the invasive grass <i>Bromus madritensis</i> subsp. <i>rubens</i> (Poaceae) and two native species","title":"Are Mojave Desert annual species equal? Resource acquisition and allocation for the invasive grass Bromus madritensis subsp. rubens (Poaceae) and two native species","docAbstract":"<p><span>Abundance of invasive plants is often attributed to their ability ot outcompete native species. We compared resource acquisition and allocation of the invasive annual grass&nbsp;</span><i>Bromus madritensis</i><span>&nbsp;subsp.&nbsp;</span><i>rubens</i><span>&nbsp;with that of two native Mojave Desert annuals,&nbsp;</span><i>Vulpia octoflora</i><span>&nbsp;and&nbsp;</span><i>Descurainia pinnata</i><span>, in a glasshouse experiment. Each species was grown in monoculture at two densities and two levels of N availability to compare how these annuals capture resources and to understand their relative sensitivities to environmental change. During &gt;4 mo of growth,&nbsp;</span><i>Bromus</i><span>&nbsp;used water more rapidly and had greater biomass and N content than the natives, partly because of its greater root‐surface area and its exploitation of deep soils.&nbsp;</span><i>Bromus</i><span>&nbsp;also had greater N uptake, net assimilation and transpiration rates, and canopy area than&nbsp;</span><i>Vulpia</i><span>. Resource use by&nbsp;</span><i>Bromus</i><span>&nbsp;was less sensitive to changes in N availability or density than were the natives. The two native species in this study produced numerous small seeds that tended to remain dormant, thus ensuring escape of offspring from unfavorable germination conditions;&nbsp;</span><i>Bromus</i><span>&nbsp;produced fewer but larger seeds that readily germinated. Collectively, these traits give&nbsp;</span><i>Bromus</i><span>&nbsp;the potential to rapidly establish in diverse habitats of the Mojave Desert, thereby gaining an advantage over coexisting native species.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.3732/ajb.90.7.1045","usgsCitation":"Defalco, L., Bryla, D.R., Smith-Longozo, V., and Nowak, R.S., 2003, Are Mojave Desert annual species equal? Resource acquisition and allocation for the invasive grass Bromus madritensis subsp. rubens (Poaceae) and two native species: American Journal of Botany, v. 90, no. 7, p. 1045-1053, https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.90.7.1045.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1045","endPage":"1053","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478566,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.90.7.1045","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":234867,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Mojave Desert","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -114.576416015625,\n              34.94448806230625\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.65881347656249,\n              35.232159412017154\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.80712890625,\n              35.563512051219696\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.20812988281251,\n              35.60371874069731\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.84533691406249,\n              35.49198366469642\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.30126953125,\n              35.25907654252574\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.510009765625,\n              34.88142481679756\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.850830078125,\n              34.48392002731987\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.5596923828125,\n              34.16636338473789\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.9005126953125,\n              34.17090836352573\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.42260742187499,\n              34.4793919710481\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.3402099609375,\n              34.65128519895413\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.5489501953125,\n              34.94448806230625\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.576416015625,\n              34.94448806230625\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"90","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ed58e4b0c8380cd49756","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Defalco, Lesley A. ldefalco@usgs.gov","contributorId":138961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Defalco","given":"Lesley A.","email":"ldefalco@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":406763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bryla, David R.","contributorId":174984,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bryla","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith-Longozo, Vickie","contributorId":99508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith-Longozo","given":"Vickie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nowak, Robert S.","contributorId":15474,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nowak","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70025838,"text":"70025838 - 2003 - Dissolved nickel and benthic flux in South San Francisco Bay: A potential for natural sources to dominate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-16T08:03:57","indexId":"70025838","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1103,"text":"Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dissolved nickel and benthic flux in South San Francisco Bay: A potential for natural sources to dominate","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00128-003-0129-7","issn":"00074861","usgsCitation":"Topping, B., and Kuwabara, J., 2003, Dissolved nickel and benthic flux in South San Francisco Bay: A potential for natural sources to dominate: Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 71, no. 1, p. 46-51, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-003-0129-7.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"46","endPage":"51","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":208833,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00128-003-0129-7"},{"id":234868,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"South San Francisco Bay","volume":"71","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0237e4b0c8380cd4ff50","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Topping, B.R.","contributorId":97541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Topping","given":"B.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kuwabara, J.S.","contributorId":57905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuwabara","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70025910,"text":"70025910 - 2003 - Use of hydraulic head to estimate volumetric gas content and ebullition flux in northern peatlands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-16T08:40:41","indexId":"70025910","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of hydraulic head to estimate volumetric gas content and ebullition flux in northern peatlands","docAbstract":"<p><span>Hydraulic head was overpressured at middepth in a 4.2‐m thick raised bog in the Glacial Lake Agassiz peatlands of northern Minnesota, and fluctuated in response to atmospheric pressure. Barometric efficiency (BE), determined by calculating ratios of change in hydraulic head to change in atmospheric pressure, ranged from 0.05 to 0.15 during July through November of both 1997 and 1998. The overpressuring and a BE response were caused by free‐phase gas contained primarily in the center of the peat column between two or more semielastic, semiconfining layers of more competent peat. Two methods were used to determine the volume of gas bubbles contained in the peat, one using the degree of overpressuring in the middepth of the peat, and the other relating BE to specific yield of the shallow peat. The volume of gas calculated from the overpressuring method averaged 9%, assuming that the gas was distributed over a 2‐m thick overpressured interval. The volume of gas using the BE method averaged 13%. Temporal changes in overpressuring and in BE indicate that the volume of gaseous‐phase gas also changed with time, most likely because of rapid degassing (ebullition) that allowed sudden loss of gas to the atmosphere. Estimates of gas released during the largest ebullition events ranged from 0.3 to 0.7 mol m</span><sup>−2</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>d</span><sup>−1</sup><span>. These ebullition events may contribute a significant source of methane and carbon dioxide to the atmosphere that has so far largely gone unmeasured by gas‐flux chambers or tower‐mounted sensors.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2002WR001377","usgsCitation":"Rosenberry, D.O., Glaser, P.H., Siegel, D.I., and Weeks, E.P., 2003, Use of hydraulic head to estimate volumetric gas content and ebullition flux in northern peatlands: Water Resources Research, v. 39, no. 3, p. 13-1-13-10, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002WR001377.","productDescription":"Article 1066; 10 p.","startPage":"13-1","endPage":"13-10","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478572,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2002wr001377","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":234908,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-03-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbf25e4b08c986b3299a3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rosenberry, Donald O. 0000-0003-0681-5641 rosenber@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0681-5641","contributorId":1312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenberry","given":"Donald","email":"rosenber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":407042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Glaser, Paul H.","contributorId":178129,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Glaser","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Siegel, Donald I.","contributorId":178130,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Siegel","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Weeks, Edwin P. epweeks@usgs.gov","contributorId":2576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weeks","given":"Edwin","email":"epweeks@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":407043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70025841,"text":"70025841 - 2003 - A simplified approach for monitoring hydrophobic organic contaminants associated with suspended sediment: Methodology and applications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:33","indexId":"70025841","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A simplified approach for monitoring hydrophobic organic contaminants associated with suspended sediment: Methodology and applications","docAbstract":"Hydrophobic organic contaminants, although frequently detected in bed sediment and in aquatic biota, are rarely detected in whole-water samples, complicating determination of their occurrence, load, and source. A better approach for the investigation of hydrophobic organic contaminants is the direct analysis of sediment in suspension, but procedures for doing so are expensive and cumbersome. We describe a simple, inexpensive methodology for the dewatering of sediment and present the results of two case studies. Isolation of a sufficient mass of sediment for analyses of organochlorine compounds and PAHs is obtained by in-line filtration of large volumes of water. The sediment is removed from the filters and analyzed directly by standard laboratory methods. In the first case study, suspended-sediment sampling was used to determine occurrence, loads, and yields of contaminants in urban runoff affecting biota in Town Lake, Austin, TX. The second case study used suspended-sediment sampling to locate a point source of PCBs in the Donna Canal in south Texas, where fish are contaminated with PCBs. The case studies demonstrate that suspended-sediment sampling can be an effective tool for determining the occurrence, load, and source of hydrophobic organic contaminants in transport.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00244-002-2032-3","issn":"00904341","usgsCitation":"Mahler, B., and Van Metre, P., 2003, A simplified approach for monitoring hydrophobic organic contaminants associated with suspended sediment: Methodology and applications: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 44, no. 3, p. 288-297, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-002-2032-3.","startPage":"288","endPage":"297","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208853,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00244-002-2032-3"},{"id":234906,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e593e4b0c8380cd46e41","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mahler, B.J.","contributorId":36888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahler","given":"B.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Van Metre, P. C.","contributorId":92999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Metre","given":"P. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70025844,"text":"70025844 - 2003 - Use of radar remote sensing (RADARSAT) to map winter wetland habitat for shorebirds in an agricultural landscape","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:32","indexId":"70025844","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1547,"text":"Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of radar remote sensing (RADARSAT) to map winter wetland habitat for shorebirds in an agricultural landscape","docAbstract":"Many of today's agricultural landscapes once held vast amounts of wetland habitat for waterbirds and other wildlife. Successful restoration of these landscapes relies on access to accurate maps of the wetlands that remain. We used C-band (5.6-cm-wavelength), HH-polarized radar remote sensing (RADARSAT) at a 38?? incidence angle (8-m resolution) to map the distribution of winter shorebird (Charadriiformes) habitat on agricultural lands in the Willamette Valley of western Oregon. We acquired imagery on three dates (10 December 1999, 27 January 2000, and 15 March 2000) and simultaneously collected ground reference data to classify radar signatures and evaluate map accuracy of four habitat classes: (1) wet with ??? 50% vegetation (considered optimal shorebird habitat), (2) wet with > 50% vegetation, (3) dry with ??? 50% vegetation, and (4) dry with > 50% vegetation. Overall accuracy varied from 45 to 60% among the three images, but the accuracy of focal class 1 was greater, ranging from 72 to 80%. Class 4 coverage was stable and dominated maps (40% of mapped study area) for all three dates, while class 3 coverage decreased slightly throughout the study period. Among wet classes, class 1 was most abundant (30% coverage) in December and January, decreasing in March by 15%. Conversely, class 2 increased dramatically from January to March, likely due to transition from class 1 as vegetation grew. This approach was successful in detecting optimal habitat for shorebirds on agricultural lands. For modest classification schemes, radar remote sensing is a valuable option for wetland mapping in areas where cloud cover is persistent. ?? 2003 Springer-Verlag New York Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00267-002-2920-3","issn":"0364152X","usgsCitation":"Taft, O., Haig, S.M., and Kiilsgaard, C., 2003, Use of radar remote sensing (RADARSAT) to map winter wetland habitat for shorebirds in an agricultural landscape: Environmental Management, v. 32, no. 2, p. 268-281, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-002-2920-3.","startPage":"268","endPage":"281","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208892,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-002-2920-3"},{"id":234975,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbf60e4b08c986b329b0d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Taft, O.W.","contributorId":45435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taft","given":"O.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haig, S. M. 0000-0002-6616-7589","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6616-7589","contributorId":55389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haig","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kiilsgaard, Chris","contributorId":60424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kiilsgaard","given":"Chris","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70025849,"text":"70025849 - 2003 - Nitrogen and phosphorus transport between Fourleague Bay, LA, and the Gulf of Mexico: The role of winter cold fronts and Atchafalaya River discharge","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:32","indexId":"70025849","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1587,"text":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nitrogen and phosphorus transport between Fourleague Bay, LA, and the Gulf of Mexico: The role of winter cold fronts and Atchafalaya River discharge","docAbstract":"Nutrient fluxes were measured between Fourleague Bay, a shallow Louisiana estuary, and the Gulf of Mexico every 3 h between February 1 and April 30, 1994 to determine how high velocity winds associated with cold fronts and peak Atchafalaya River discharge influenced transport. Net water fluxes were ebb-dominated throughout the study because of wind forcing and high volumes of water entering the northern Bay from the Atchafalaya River. Flushing time of the Bay averaged <8 days; however, more rapid flushing occurred in response to northerly winds with approximately 56% of the volume of the Bay exported to the Gulf in 1 day during the strongest flushing event. Higher nitrate + nitrite (NO2+ NO3), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP) concentrations were indicative of Atchafalaya River input and fluxes were greater when influenced by high velocity northerly winds associated with frontal passage. Net exports of NO2 + NO3, TN, and TP were 43.5, 98.5, and 13.6 g s-1, respectively, for the 89-day study. An average of 10.6 g s-1 of ammonium (NH4) was exported to the Gulf over the study; however, concentrations were lower when associated with riverine influence and wind-driven exports suggesting the importance of biological processes. Phosphate (PO4) fluxes were nearly balanced over the study with fairly stable concentrations indicating a well-buffered system. The results indicate that the high energy subsidy provided by natural pulsing events such as atmospheric cold fronts and seasonal river discharge are efficient mechanisms of nutrient delivery to adjacent wetlands and nearshore coastal ecosystems and are important in maintaining coastal sustainability. ?? 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0272-7714(03)00010-6","issn":"02727714","usgsCitation":"Perez, B., Day, J., Justic, D., and Twilley, R., 2003, Nitrogen and phosphorus transport between Fourleague Bay, LA, and the Gulf of Mexico: The role of winter cold fronts and Atchafalaya River discharge: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, v. 57, no. 5-6, p. 1065-1078, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0272-7714(03)00010-6.","startPage":"1065","endPage":"1078","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208934,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0272-7714(03)00010-6"},{"id":235047,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"57","issue":"5-6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a66c6e4b0c8380cd72faa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Perez, B.C.","contributorId":104017,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perez","given":"B.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Day, J.W. Jr.","contributorId":41792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Day","given":"J.W.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Justic, D.","contributorId":28048,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Justic","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Twilley, R.R.","contributorId":94647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Twilley","given":"R.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70025909,"text":"70025909 - 2003 - A quantitative evaluation of two methods for preserving hair samples","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-04T15:11:51","indexId":"70025909","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2775,"text":"Molecular Ecology Notes","onlineIssn":"1471-8286","printIssn":"1471-8278","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A quantitative evaluation of two methods for preserving hair samples","docAbstract":"<p>Hair samples are an increasingly important DNA source for wildlife studies, yet optimal storage methods and DNA degradation rates have not been rigorously evaluated. We tested amplification success rates over a one-year storage period for DNA extracted from brown bear (Ursus arctos) hair samples preserved using silica desiccation and -20C freezing. For three nuclear DNA microsatellites, success rates decreased significantly after a six-month time point, regardless of storage method. For a 1000 bp mitochondrial fragment, a similar decrease occurred after a two-week time point. Minimizing delays between collection and DNA extraction will maximize success rates for hair-based noninvasive genetic sampling projects.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1046/j.1471-8286.2003.00358.x","usgsCitation":"Roon, D.A., Waits, L., and Kendall, K., 2003, A quantitative evaluation of two methods for preserving hair samples: Molecular Ecology Notes, v. 3, no. 1, p. 163-166, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-8286.2003.00358.x.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"163","endPage":"166","numberOfPages":"4","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234874,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208838,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-8286.2003.00358.x"}],"volume":"3","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-01-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e525e4b0c8380cd46b65","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roon, David A.","contributorId":42922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roon","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Waits, L.P.","contributorId":58987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waits","given":"L.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kendall, K.C.","contributorId":39716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"K.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70025908,"text":"70025908 - 2003 - Exposed water ice discovered near the south pole of Mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-22T09:45:07","indexId":"70025908","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Exposed water ice discovered near the south pole of Mars","docAbstract":"The Mars Odyssey Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) has discovered water ice exposed near the edge of Mars' southern perennial polar cap. The surface H2O ice was first observed by THEMIS as a region that was cooler than expected for dry soil at that latitude during the summer season. Diurnal and seasonal temperature trends derived from Mars Global Surveyor Thermal Emission Spectrometer observations indicate that there is H2O ice at the surface. Viking observations, and the few other relevant THEMIS observations, indicate that surface H2O ice may be widespread around and under the perennial CO2 cap.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","doi":"10.1126/science.1080497","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Titus, T.N., Kieffer, H.H., and Christensen, P.R., 2003, Exposed water ice discovered near the south pole of Mars: Science, v. 299, no. 5609, p. 1048-1051, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1080497.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1048","endPage":"1051","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234873,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","volume":"299","issue":"5609","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0e2ce4b0c8380cd53327","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Titus, Timothy N. 0000-0003-0700-4875 ttitus@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0700-4875","contributorId":146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Titus","given":"Timothy","email":"ttitus@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":407037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kieffer, Hugh H.","contributorId":41137,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kieffer","given":"Hugh","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Christensen, Phillip R.","contributorId":18098,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Christensen","given":"Phillip","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70025850,"text":"70025850 - 2003 - Geomorphic and hydrologic assessment of erosion hazards at the Norman municipal landfill, Canadian River floodplain, central Oklahoma","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-16T10:21:33","indexId":"70025850","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1574,"text":"Environmental & Engineering Geoscience","printIssn":"1078-7275","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geomorphic and hydrologic assessment of erosion hazards at the Norman municipal landfill, Canadian River floodplain, central Oklahoma","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Norman, Oklahoma, municipal landfill closed in 1985 after 63 years of operation, because it was identified as a point source of hazardous leachate composed of organic and inorganic compounds. The landfill is located on the floodplain of the Canadian River, a sand-bed river characterized by erodible channel boundaries and by large variation in mean monthly discharges. In 1986, floodwaters eroded riprap protection at the southern end of the landfill and penetrated the landfill's clay cap, thereby exposing the landfill contents. The impact of this moderate-magnitude flood event (Q</span><sub>12</sub><span>) was the catalyst to investigate erosion hazards at the Norman landfill. This geomorphic investigation analyzed floodplain geomorphology and historical channel changes, flood-frequency distributions, an erosion threshold, the geomorphic effectiveness of discharge events, and other factors that influence erosion hazards at the landfill site. The erosion hazard at the Norman landfill is a function of the location of the landfill with respect to the channel thalweg, erosional resistance of the channel margins, magnitude and duration of discrete discharge events, channel form and hydraulic geometry, and cumulative effects related to a series of discharge events. Based on current climatic conditions and historical channel changes, a minimum erosion threshold is set at bankfull discharge (Q = 572 m</span><sup>3</sup><span>/s). The annual probability of exceeding this threshold is 0.53. In addition, this analysis indicates that peak stream power is less informative than total energy expenditures when estimating the erosion potential or geomorphic effectiveness of discrete discharge events. On the Canadian River, long-duration, moderate-magnitude floods can have larger total energy expenditures than shorter-duration, high-magnitude floods and therefore represent the most serious erosion hazard to floodplain structures.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.2113/9.3.241","issn":"10787275","usgsCitation":"Curtis, J.A., and Whitney, J.W., 2003, Geomorphic and hydrologic assessment of erosion hazards at the Norman municipal landfill, Canadian River floodplain, central Oklahoma: Environmental & Engineering Geoscience, v. 9, no. 3, p. 241-252, https://doi.org/10.2113/9.3.241.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"241","endPage":"252","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234503,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208632,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2113/9.3.241"}],"volume":"9","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a277de4b0c8380cd5992f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Curtis, Jennifer A. 0000-0001-7766-994X jacurtis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7766-994X","contributorId":927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Curtis","given":"Jennifer","email":"jacurtis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":406816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Whitney, John W. 0000-0003-3824-3692 jwhitney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3824-3692","contributorId":804,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitney","given":"John","email":"jwhitney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":406815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70025851,"text":"70025851 - 2003 - Mineral resources of Peru's ancient societies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:24","indexId":"70025851","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1829,"text":"Geotimes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mineral resources of Peru's ancient societies","docAbstract":"Northern Peru has an exceptionally rich archaeological heritage that includes metalwork, ceramics and textiles. The success of at least a half-dozen pre-Columbian societies dating back 3,000 years and subsequent Spanish colonization in the 1400s has rested on the effective use of northern Peru's abundant resources. In the summer of 2000, my son Matt and I learned about that connection firsthand by volunteering at the Santa Rita B archaeological site in the Chao Valley near Trujillo in northern Peru. Riding donkey-back through the Andes and talking with local people, we got our hands dirty in the rich archaeology and geology of the area. We were able to correlate mineral occurrences to their various roles in society - opening a window into the region's fascinating past. From construction to metallurgy, pre-Columbian societies flourished and advanced because of their understanding and use of the available mineral resources.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geotimes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00168556","usgsCitation":"Brooks, W.E., 2003, Mineral resources of Peru's ancient societies: Geotimes, v. 48, no. 8, p. 32-33.","startPage":"32","endPage":"33","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234504,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"48","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a592de4b0c8380cd6e6f5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brooks, W. E.","contributorId":90716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70025852,"text":"70025852 - 2003 - Factors affecting food chain transfer of mercury in the vicinity of the Nyanza site, Sudbury River, Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:24","indexId":"70025852","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1552,"text":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","onlineIssn":"1573-2959","printIssn":"0167-6369","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Factors affecting food chain transfer of mercury in the vicinity of the Nyanza site, Sudbury River, Massachusetts","docAbstract":"The influence of the Nyanza Chemical Waste Dump Superfund Site on the Sudbury River, Massachusetts, was assessed by analysis of sediment, fish prey organisms, and predator fish from four locations in the river system. Whitehall Reservoir is an impoundment upstream of the site, and Reservoir #2 is an impoundment downstream of the site. Cedar Street is a flowing reach upstream of the site, and Sherman Bridge is a flowing reach downstream of the site. Collections of material for analysis were made three times, in May, July, and October. Sediment was analyzed for acid-volatile sulfide (AVS), simultaneously-extracted (SEM) metals (As, Cd, Cr, Hg, Pb, Sb, Zn), and total recoverable Hg. The dominant predatory fish species collected at all sites, largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides), was analyzed for the same suite of metals as sediment. Analysis of stomach contents of bass identified small fish (yellow perch Perca flavescens, bluegill Lepomis macrochirus, and pumpkinseed Lepomis gibbosus), crayfish, and dragonfly larvae as the dominant prey organisms. Samples of the prey were collected from the same locations and at the same times as predator fish, and were analyzed for total and methyl mercury. Results of AVS and SEM analyses indicated that sediments were not toxic to aquatic invertebrates at any site. The SEM concentrations of As, Cd, and Cr were significantly higher at Reservoir #2 than at the reference sites, and SEM As and Cd were significantly higher at Sherman Bridge than at Cedar St. Sediment total Hg was elevated only at Reservoir #2. Hg was higher at site-influenced locations in all fish species except brown bullhead (Ameiurus nebulosus). Cd was higher in bluegill, black crappie (Pomoxis nigromaculatus), and brown bullhead, and Cr was higher in largemouth bass fillet samples but not in whole-body samples. There were no seasonal differences in sediment or prey organism metals, but some metals in some fish species did vary over time in an inconsistent manner. Predator fish Hg concentration was significantly linearly related to weighted prey organism methyl Hg concentration. Largemouth bass Hg was significantly lower at Reservoir #2 in our study than in previous investigations in 1989 and 1990. High concentrations of inorganic Hg remain in river sediment as a result of operation of the Nyanza site, and fish Hg concentrations in river reaches downstream of the site are elevated compared to upstream reference sites. However, the differences are relatively small and Hg concentrations in largemouth bass from the site-influenced locations are no higher than those from some other, nearby uncontaminated sites. We hypothesize that this results from burial of contaminated sediment with cleaner material, which reduces bioavailability of contaminants and possibly reduces methylation of mercury.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1023/A:1024017329382","issn":"01676369","usgsCitation":"Haines, T., May, T., Finlayson, R., and Mierzykowski, S., 2003, Factors affecting food chain transfer of mercury in the vicinity of the Nyanza site, Sudbury River, Massachusetts: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v. 86, no. 3, p. 211-232, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1024017329382.","startPage":"211","endPage":"232","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208654,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1024017329382"},{"id":234539,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"86","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0ea0e4b0c8380cd53545","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haines, T.A.","contributorId":83062,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haines","given":"T.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"May, T.W.","contributorId":75878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"May","given":"T.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Finlayson, R.T.","contributorId":14164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finlayson","given":"R.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mierzykowski, S.E.","contributorId":81671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mierzykowski","given":"S.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70025854,"text":"70025854 - 2003 - Late cretaceous foraminifera, paleoenvironments, and paleoceanography of the rosario formation, San Antonio del Mar, Baja California, Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:24","indexId":"70025854","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2294,"text":"Journal of Foraminiferal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late cretaceous foraminifera, paleoenvironments, and paleoceanography of the rosario formation, San Antonio del Mar, Baja California, Mexico","docAbstract":"The 315 m of Rosario Formation exposed at the San Antonio del Mar (SADM) section (Baja California, Mexico) contains moderately-to-well preserved benthic and planktic foraminifera, calcareous nannofossils, and molluscs. Nannofossils suggest most of the SADM section was deposited within a narrow interval of the late Campanian (CC21-CC22), whereas foraminifera and molluscs suggest a younger maximum age (younger than the Globotruncana ventricosa Zone) and allow deposition over a longer interval of time. Planktic foraminifera at SADM represent common Tethyan taxa. They are largely restricted to the lower and middle portions of the section and comprise 0-???40% of foraminiferal assemblages. Stable isotopic analyses of Rugoglobigerina rugosa yield ??18OV-PDB values from -2.27%, to -2.82%, corresponding to salinity-corrected paleotemperature estimates of 26-30??C for the Late Cretaceous eastern Pacific. These estimates are as warm as modern tropical temperatures and are similar to tropical paleotemperature estimates from ??18O analyses of exceptionally preserved Maastrichtian samples; however, they are considerably warmer than most tropical Campanian-Maastrichtian estimates. Benthic foraminifera indicate outer shelf paleodepths with a slight increase in depth or decrease in benthic oxygen levels in the upper parts of the interval studied. The change in the benthic assemblage corresponds to an ???1??? positive shift in benthic ??O18, suggesting a relationship between benthic assemblages and an inferred increase in the local intensity of upwelling.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Foraminiferal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2113/33.3.179","issn":"00961191","usgsCitation":"Maestas, Y., MacLeod, K., Douglas, R., Self-Trail, J., and Ward, P., 2003, Late cretaceous foraminifera, paleoenvironments, and paleoceanography of the rosario formation, San Antonio del Mar, Baja California, Mexico: Journal of Foraminiferal Research, v. 33, no. 3, p. 179-191, https://doi.org/10.2113/33.3.179.","startPage":"179","endPage":"191","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234573,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208673,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2113/33.3.179"}],"volume":"33","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4547e4b0c8380cd671a0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Maestas, Y.","contributorId":15384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maestas","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"MacLeod, K.G.","contributorId":92740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacLeod","given":"K.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Douglas, R.","contributorId":86151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Douglas","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Self-Trail, J.","contributorId":29978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Self-Trail","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ward, P.D.","contributorId":90514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ward","given":"P.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70025906,"text":"70025906 - 2003 - Evaluation of relocation of unionid mussels to in situ refugia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:34","indexId":"70025906","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2393,"text":"Journal of Molluscan Studies","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of relocation of unionid mussels to in situ refugia","docAbstract":"The aim of this study was to evaluate the recovery and survival of four species of unionid mussles [pimpleback, Quadrula pustulosa pustulosa (I. Lea, 1831); spike, Elliptio dilatata (Rafinesque, 1820); Higgins eye, Lampsilis higginsii (I. Lea, 1857); and pocketbook, Lampsilis cardium (Rafinesque, 1820)] that were experimentally relocated to in situ refugia in the St Croix River of Minnesota and Wisconsin, USA. In 1996, 150 mussels of each of the first three species (450 total) were relocated to three 5 ?? 5 m study grids (Site A), one near Lakeland, Minnesota, which served as a source-site control, and two in the experimental refuge 48 km upstream, near Franconia, Minnesota. In a second relocation in 1997, L. cardium was substituted for L. higginsii and 150 mussels of this and each of the other two species (450 total), were relocated to two study grids (Site B). The source site control was near Sunrise, Minnesota and the experimental refuge was 14 km downstream near Almelund, Minnesota. Mussel recovery, survival and substratum characteristics were evaluated annually at Site A for 2 years and for 3 years at Site B. Mean annual recovery of all three species ranged from 90 to 100% at Site A, and from 34 to 70% at site B. The mean annual survival of recaptured mussels ranged from 85 to 100% at Site A, and from 88 to 100% at Site B. The textural characteristics of the substratum differed significantly between the control and the two refuge locations at the beginning of the study, but did not differ from this initial status among subsequent years at Site A. At Site B, there was a significant shift in textural characteristics from large to smaller fractions over the four years. The relatively high survival of mussels during this study demonstrates the importance of proper handling and transport protocols when relocating mussels and the selection of suitable relocation habitat with stable substratum. When established correctly, in situ refugia may be a viable tool for preserving unionid mussels.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Molluscan Studies","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"02601230","usgsCitation":"Cope, W., Hove, M., Waller, D.L., Hornbach, D., Bartsch, M., Cunningham, L., Dunn, H., and Kapuscinski, A., 2003, Evaluation of relocation of unionid mussels to in situ refugia: Journal of Molluscan Studies, v. 69, no. 1, p. 27-34.","startPage":"27","endPage":"34","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234833,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"69","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0cb8e4b0c8380cd52c83","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cope, W.G.","contributorId":71918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cope","given":"W.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hove, M.C.","contributorId":57002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hove","given":"M.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Waller, D. L.","contributorId":43704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waller","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hornbach, D.J.","contributorId":100781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hornbach","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bartsch, M.R.","contributorId":42908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartsch","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cunningham, L.A.","contributorId":28195,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cunningham","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Dunn, H.L.","contributorId":102022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunn","given":"H.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Kapuscinski, A.R.","contributorId":21106,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kapuscinski","given":"A.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70025856,"text":"70025856 - 2003 - Den site activity patterns of adult male and female swift foxes, Vulpes velox, in northwestern Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-31T16:39:05.404786","indexId":"70025856","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1163,"text":"Canadian Field-Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Den site activity patterns of adult male and female swift foxes, <i>Vulpes velox</i>, in northwestern Texas","title":"Den site activity patterns of adult male and female swift foxes, Vulpes velox, in northwestern Texas","docAbstract":"<p>Activity of Swift Foxes (<i>Vulpes velox</i>) at den sites was studied in northwestern Texas during pup rearing seasons in 2000 and 2001 to determine role of males in parental care. Twenty-four percent of radio-collared females with a potential to breed successfully raised pups to eight weeks of age. We intensively monitored presence and absence of male and female Swift Foxes at two den sites each year. Females were present &gt;2.6 times more at den sites than males during the pup rearing season. Female and male Swift Foxes largely stayed at dens during diurnal hours and were active away from dens during nocturnal and crepuscular hours. Females and males spent 12.4% and 3.0% more time at dens before pups emerged, than after pups emerged, respectively. Following depredation of one male parent, the female spent 29% less time at the den site. Decrease in time spent at the den by the female following loss of her mate suggested that loss of one parent might severely impact recruitment of Swift Foxes. Our observations indicated that intense Coyote (<i>Canis latrans</i>) depredation may severely impact pup-rearing success as well as the parental care within Swift Fox family groups.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Ottawa Field-Naturalists' Club","doi":"10.22621/cfn.v117i3.745","issn":"00083550","usgsCitation":"Lemons, P.R., Ballard, W.B., Sullivan, R.M., and Sovada, M.A., 2003, Den site activity patterns of adult male and female swift foxes, Vulpes velox, in northwestern Texas: Canadian Field-Naturalist, v. 117, no. 3, p. 424-429, https://doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v117i3.745.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"424","endPage":"429","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478393,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v117i3.745","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":234607,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","county":"Dallam County, Sherman County","otherGeospatial":"Rita Blanca National Grasslands","volume":"117","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-07-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe92e4b0c8380cd4edd6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lemons, Patrick R.","contributorId":192738,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lemons","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ballard, Warren B.","contributorId":172887,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ballard","given":"Warren","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sullivan, Robert M.","contributorId":52474,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sullivan","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sovada, Marsha A. msovada@usgs.gov","contributorId":2601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sovada","given":"Marsha","email":"msovada@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":406839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70025905,"text":"70025905 - 2003 - Modeled climate-induced glacier change in Glacier National Park, 1850-2100","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-10T19:48:02","indexId":"70025905","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":997,"text":"BioScience","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeled climate-induced glacier change in Glacier National Park, 1850-2100","docAbstract":"<p>The glaciers in the Blackfoot–Jackson Glacier Basin of Glacier National Park, Montana, decreased in area from 21.6 square kilometers (km<sup>2</sup>) in 1850 to 7.4 km<sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>in 1979. Over this same period global temperatures increased by 0.45°C (± 0.15°C). We analyzed the climatic causes and ecological consequences of glacier retreat by creating spatially explicit models of the creation and ablation of glaciers and of the response of vegetation to climate change. We determined the melt rate and spatial distribution of glaciers under two possible future climate scenarios, one based on carbon dioxide–induced global warming and the other on a linear temperature extrapolation. Under the former scenario, all glaciers in the basin will disappear by the year 2030, despite predicted increases in precipitation; under the latter, melting is slower. Using a second model, we analyzed vegetation responses to variations in soil moisture and increasing temperature in a complex alpine landscape and predicted where plant communities are likely to be located as conditions change.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford University Press","doi":"10.1641/0006-3568(2003)053[0131:MCIGCI]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00063568","usgsCitation":"Hall, M., and Fagre, D., 2003, Modeled climate-induced glacier change in Glacier National Park, 1850-2100: BioScience, v. 53, no. 2, p. 131-140, https://doi.org/10.1641/0006-3568(2003)053[0131:MCIGCI]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"131","endPage":"140","numberOfPages":"10","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478531,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1641/0006-3568(2003)053[0131:mcigci]2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":234832,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Glacier National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -115.01586914062499,\n              48.30877444352327\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.9119873046875,\n              48.30877444352327\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.9119873046875,\n              49.005447494058096\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.01586914062499,\n              49.005447494058096\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.01586914062499,\n              48.30877444352327\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"53","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5bbce4b0c8380cd6f782","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hall, M.H.P.","contributorId":41631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hall","given":"M.H.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fagre, D.B.","contributorId":52135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fagre","given":"D.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70025858,"text":"70025858 - 2003 - Mathematical modeling relevant to closed artificial ecosystems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:24","indexId":"70025858","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":661,"text":"Advances in Space Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mathematical modeling relevant to closed artificial ecosystems","docAbstract":"The mathematical modeling of ecosystems has contributed much to the understanding of the dynamics of such systems. Ecosystems can include not only the natural variety, but also artificial systems designed and controlled by humans. These can range from agricultural systems and activated sludge plants, down to mesocosms, microcosms, and aquaria, which may have practical or research applications. Some purposes may require the design of systems that are completely closed, as far as material cycling is concerned. In all cases, mathematical modeling can help not only to understand the dynamics of the system, but also to design methods of control to keep the system operating in desired ranges. This paper reviews mathematical modeling relevant to the simulation and control of closed or semi-closed artificial ecosystems designed for biological production and recycling in applications in space. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd on behalf of COSPAR.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Advances in Space Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0273-1177(03)80012-1","issn":"02731177","usgsCitation":"DeAngelis, D., 2003, Mathematical modeling relevant to closed artificial ecosystems: Advances in Space Research, v. 31, no. 7, p. 1657-1665, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0273-1177(03)80012-1.","startPage":"1657","endPage":"1665","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208689,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0273-1177(03)80012-1"},{"id":234609,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5289e4b0c8380cd6c4b3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DeAngelis, D.L. 0000-0002-1570-4057","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1570-4057","contributorId":32470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeAngelis","given":"D.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70025860,"text":"70025860 - 2003 - Bedded jaspers of the Ordovician Løkken ophiolite, Norway: seafloor deposition and diagenetic maturation of hydrothermal plume-derived silica-iron gels","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-19T11:18:40","indexId":"70025860","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2746,"text":"Mineralium Deposita","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bedded jaspers of the Ordovician Løkken ophiolite, Norway: seafloor deposition and diagenetic maturation of hydrothermal plume-derived silica-iron gels","docAbstract":"<p class=\"a-plus-plus\">Sedimentary beds of jasper (red hematitic chert) in the Ordovician L&oslash;kken ophiolite of Norway are closely associated with volcanogenic massive sulphide (VMS) deposits. The jaspers occur in the immediate hangingwall and laterally peripheral to the large L&oslash;kken (25&ndash;30&nbsp;Mt) and small H&oslash;ydal (0.1&nbsp;Mt) VMS deposits, and are exposed discontinuously for several kilometres along strike. Massive or laminated types predominate; jasper-sulphide debris-flow deposits are also abundant near VMS deposits. The jaspers contain hematite-rich laminae showing soft-sediment deformation structures and microtextural evidence that record the presence of a colloidal precursor and an origin as gels. Early textures include: (1) straight or curved chains of hematitic filaments 3&ndash;10&nbsp;&micro;m in diameter and 20&ndash;100&nbsp;&micro;m long; (2) branching networks of 15&ndash;25&nbsp;&micro;m-thick, tubular structures surrounded by cryptocrystalline hematite and filled with quartz and euhedral hematite; (3) small (up to 10&nbsp;&micro;m) spherules composed of cryptocrystalline hematite and silica; and (4) up to 50&nbsp;&micro;m silica spherules with hematitic cores. The small filaments seem to have been deposited in varying proportions in the primary laminae, possibly together with hematitic and siliceous microspheroids. Diagenetic changes are represented by polygonal syneresis cracks, and the presence of cryptocrystalline (originally opaline) silica, chalcedony, quartz, carbonate and cryptocrystalline hematite and/or goethite forming botryoidal masses and spheroids &lt;10&nbsp;&micro;m to 5&nbsp;mm in diameter. Coarser euhedral grains of quartz, carbonate, and hematite are integral parts of these textures. Bleached, silica-rich jaspers preserve only small relics of fine-grained hematite-rich domains, and locally contain sparse pockets composed of coarse euhedral hematite&plusmn;epidote.</p>\n<p class=\"a-plus-plus\">The jaspers are interpreted to record colloidal fallout from one or more hydrothermal plumes, followed by maturation (ageing) of an Si-Fe-oxyhydroxide gel, on and beneath the Ordovician sea floor. Small hematitic filaments in the jaspers reflect bacteria-catalysed oxidation of Fe<span class=\"a-plus-plus\">2+</span>&nbsp;within the plume. The larger tubular filaments resulted from either microbial activity or inorganic self-organized mineral growth of Fe-oxyhydroxide within the Si-Fe-oxyhydroxide gel after deposition on the sea floor, prior to more advanced maturation of the gel as represented by the spheroidal and botryoidal silica-hematite textures. Bleaching and hematite&plusmn;epidote growth are interpreted to reflect heat and fluids generated during deposition of basaltic sheet flows on top of the gels.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00126-003-0346-3","issn":"00264598","usgsCitation":"Grenne, T., and Slack, J.F., 2003, Bedded jaspers of the Ordovician Løkken ophiolite, Norway: seafloor deposition and diagenetic maturation of hydrothermal plume-derived silica-iron gels: Mineralium Deposita, v. 38, no. 5, p. 625-639, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00126-003-0346-3.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"625","endPage":"639","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234645,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208708,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00126-003-0346-3"}],"volume":"38","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-02-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f03ee4b0c8380cd4a68b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grenne, Tor","contributorId":7460,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grenne","given":"Tor","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":35509,"text":"Geological Survey of Norway","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":406847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Slack, John F. 0000-0001-6600-3130 jfslack@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6600-3130","contributorId":1032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slack","given":"John","email":"jfslack@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":406848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70025902,"text":"70025902 - 2003 - The Sima de los Huesos hominids date to beyond U/Th equilibrium (>350 kyr) and perhaps to 400-500 kyr: New radiometric dates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:34","indexId":"70025902","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2182,"text":"Journal of Archaeological Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Sima de los Huesos hominids date to beyond U/Th equilibrium (>350 kyr) and perhaps to 400-500 kyr: New radiometric dates","docAbstract":"The Sima de los Huesos site of the Atapuerca complex near Burgos, Spain contains the skeletal remains of at least 28 individuals in a mud breccia underlying an accumulation of the Middle Pleistocene cave bear (U. deningeri). Earlier dating estimates of 200 to 320 kyr were based on U-series and ESR methods applied to bones, made inaccurate by unquantifiable uranium cycling. We report here on a new discovery within the Sima de los Huesos of human bones stratigraphically underlying an in situ speleothem. U-series analyses of the speleothem shows the lower part to be at isotopic U/Th equilibrium, translating to a firm lower limit of 350 kyr for the SH hominids. Finite dates on the upper part suggest a speleothem growth rate of c. 1 cm/32 kyr. This rate, along with paleontological constraints, place the likely age of the hominids in the interval of 400 to 600 kyr. ?? 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Archaeological Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1006/jasc.2002.0834","issn":"03054403","usgsCitation":"Bischoff, J.L., Shamp, D., Aramburu, A., Arsuaga, J., Carbonell, E., and Bermudez de Castro, J.M., 2003, The Sima de los Huesos hominids date to beyond U/Th equilibrium (>350 kyr) and perhaps to 400-500 kyr: New radiometric dates: Journal of Archaeological Science, v. 30, no. 3, p. 275-280, https://doi.org/10.1006/jasc.2002.0834.","startPage":"275","endPage":"280","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208794,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jasc.2002.0834"},{"id":234792,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba8efe4b08c986b321f55","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bischoff, J. L.","contributorId":28969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bischoff","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shamp, D.D.","contributorId":47554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shamp","given":"D.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Aramburu, Arantza","contributorId":40776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aramburu","given":"Arantza","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Arsuaga, J.L.","contributorId":73354,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arsuaga","given":"J.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Carbonell, E.","contributorId":88107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carbonell","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bermudez de Castro, Jose Maria","contributorId":13418,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bermudez de Castro","given":"Jose","email":"","middleInitial":"Maria","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70025867,"text":"70025867 - 2003 - Herbicides and transformation products in surface waters of the Midwestern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-19T10:39:55","indexId":"70025867","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Herbicides and transformation products in surface waters of the Midwestern United States","docAbstract":"Most herbicides applied to crops are adsorbed by plants or transformed (degraded) in the soil, but small fractions are lost from fields and either move to streams in overland runoff, near surface flow, or subsurface drains, or they infiltrate slowly to ground water. Herbicide transformation products (TPs) can be more or less mobile and more or less toxic in the environment than their source herbicides. To obtain information on the concentrations of selected herbicides and TPs in surface waters of the Midwestern United States, 151 water samples were collected from 71 streams and five reservoir outflows in 1998. These samples were analyzed for 13 herbicides and 10 herbicide TPs. Herbicide TPs were found to occur as frequently or more frequently than source herbicides and at concentrations that were often larger than their source herbicides. Most samples contained a mixture of more than 10 different herbicides or TPs. The ratios of TPs to herbicide concentrations can be used to determine the source of herbicides in streams. Results of a two-component mixing model suggest that on average 90 percent or more of the herbicide mass in Midwestern streams during early summer runoff events originates from the runoff and 10 percent or less comes from increased ground water discharge.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.2003.tb04402.x","issn":"1093474X","usgsCitation":"Battaglin, W., Thurman, E., Kalkhoff, S., and Porter, S.D., 2003, Herbicides and transformation products in surface waters of the Midwestern United States: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 39, no. 4, p. 743-756, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2003.tb04402.x.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"743","endPage":"756","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234755,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a306de4b0c8380cd5d631","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Battaglin, W.A.","contributorId":16376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Battaglin","given":"W.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thurman, E.M.","contributorId":102864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurman","given":"E.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kalkhoff, S. J.","contributorId":28967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kalkhoff","given":"S. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Porter, S. D.","contributorId":8882,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Porter","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70025869,"text":"70025869 - 2003 - Genetic comparison of lake sturgeon populations: Differentiation based on allelic frequencies at seven microsatellite loci","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-16T10:34:35","indexId":"70025869","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Genetic comparison of lake sturgeon populations: Differentiation based on allelic frequencies at seven microsatellite loci","docAbstract":"The lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) has recently become a high priority for restoration management because of the near extinction of the species from many areas of North America. The identification of the level of population differentiation that naturally exists among lake sturgeon populations will be useful in the development of management plans to conserve and restore diversity, and in the choice of donor populations to use for re-introduction. Genetic variation among and within 210 lake sturgeon collected from seven locations (St. Lawrence River, Des Prairies River (tributary to the St. Lawrence River), Mattagami River (Hudson Bay drainage), Menominee River (Lake Michigan drainage), Wolf River (Lake Michigan drainage), Niagara River, and Lake Erie) was examined based on allelic variation at seven microsatellite loci (four disomic and three putative tetrasomic). High levels of variability were detected at these loci. Analyses revealed an average of 8.6 alleles per locus (range 5 to 12 alleles per locus) and heterozygosity values at the four disomic loci ranging from 0.46 to 0.66. Multivariate factor analysis of Nei's genetic distance values produced three distinct population groups that were organized by geography: 1) Mattagami (northern Quebec), 2) Menominee/ Wolf (Lake Michigan - Wisconsin), and 3) St. Lawrence/ Des Prairies/ Niagara/ Erie (lower Great Lakes). Differences based on G-tests summed over all loci occurred between all possible paired comparisons of the collections (P < 0.01). These analyses indicated that lake sturgeon populations are differentiated within the Great Lakes basin. Managers of this species will need to identify individual populations in their jurisdictions and provide separate consideration for their conservation and rehabilitation.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0380-1330(03)70411-0","issn":"03801330","usgsCitation":"McQuown, E., Krueger, C., Kincaid, H.L., Gall, G., and May, B., 2003, Genetic comparison of lake sturgeon populations: Differentiation based on allelic frequencies at seven microsatellite loci: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 29, no. 1, p. 3-13, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0380-1330(03)70411-0.","startPage":"3","endPage":"13","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234791,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a156be4b0c8380cd54de4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McQuown, E.","contributorId":84547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McQuown","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Krueger, C.C.","contributorId":97042,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krueger","given":"C.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kincaid, H. L.","contributorId":21891,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kincaid","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gall, G.A.E.","contributorId":44491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gall","given":"G.A.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"May, B.","contributorId":19112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"May","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70025870,"text":"70025870 - 2003 - Fish biliary PAH metabolites estimated by fixed-wavelength fluorescence as an indicator of environmental exposure and effects","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-31T22:51:37.220622","indexId":"70025870","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fish biliary PAH metabolites estimated by fixed-wavelength fluorescence as an indicator of environmental exposure and effects","docAbstract":"<p><span>Biliary polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) metabolites have been studied since the mid 1980s as an indicator of exposure of fish to PAHs. However, the measurements of PAH metabolites are often costly and time-consuming. A simple and rapid method, fixed-wavelength fluorescence (FF), was used to measure the concentrations of benzo(a)pyrene (B[a]P)-type and naphthalene (NAPH)-type PAH metabolites in the bile of brown bullheads (</span><i>Ameiurus nebulosus</i><span>) collected from Old Woman Creek, Ottawa River, Cuyahoga River-harbor and Cuyahoga River-upstream. The biliary PAH metabolites in fish from the less contaminated Old Woman Creek were significantly lower than those from the industrially contaminated Ottawa and Cuyahoga rivers. The levels of biliary PAH metabolites were found to be related to the PAH sediment contamination for the four sites except Cuyahoga River-upstream, and to the prevalence of fish barbel abnormalities and external raised lesions observed in all rivers except Ottawa. Statistical analysis revealed a significant association between the occurrence of barbel abnormalities and concentrations of biliary NAPH-type metabolites and between the occurrence of raised lesions and concentrations of B[a]P-type metabolites. This study provides added evidence that FF is an effective bile analysis method for determining the exposure of fish to PAHs. This study also indicates that the measurement of PAH metabolites could help establish causal relationship between the chemical exposure and effects such as barbel abnormalities and raised lesions.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0380-1330(03)70420-1","issn":"03801330","usgsCitation":"Yang, X., Peterson, D., Baumann, P.C., and Lin, E., 2003, Fish biliary PAH metabolites estimated by fixed-wavelength fluorescence as an indicator of environmental exposure and effects: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 29, no. 1, p. 116-123, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0380-1330(03)70420-1.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"116","endPage":"123","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":388706,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1080e4b0c8380cd53cd2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yang, X.","contributorId":66894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yang","given":"X.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peterson, D.S.","contributorId":8514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baumann, P. C.","contributorId":43297,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baumann","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lin, E.L.C.","contributorId":97295,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lin","given":"E.L.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70025872,"text":"70025872 - 2003 - Direct numerical simulation of bedload transport using a local, dynamic boundary condition","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-22T19:18:10.709305","indexId":"70025872","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3369,"text":"Sedimentology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Direct numerical simulation of bedload transport using a local, dynamic boundary condition","docAbstract":"<p><span>Temporally and spatially averaged models of bedload transport are inadequate to describe the highly variable nature of particle motion at low transport stages. The primary sources of this variability are the resisting forces to downstream motion resulting from the geometrical relation (pocket friction angle) of a bed grain to the grains that it rests upon, variability of the near-bed turbulent velocity field and the local modification of this velocity field by upstream, protruding grains. A model of bedload transport is presented that captures these sources of variability by directly integrating the equations of motion of each particle of a simulated mixed grain-size sediment bed. Experimental data from the velocity field downstream and below the tops of upstream, protruding grains are presented. From these data, an empirical relation for the velocity modification resulting from upstream grains is provided to the bedload model. The temporal variability of near-bed turbulence is provided by a measured near-bed time series of velocity over a gravel bed. The distribution of pocket friction angles results as a consequence of directly calculating the initiation and cessation of motion of each particle as a result of the combination of fluid forcing and interaction with other particles. Calculations of bedload flux in a uniform boundary and simulated pocket friction angles agree favourably with previous studies.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1046/j.1365-3091.2003.00555.x","issn":"00370746","usgsCitation":"Schmeeckle, M., and Nelson, J.M., 2003, Direct numerical simulation of bedload transport using a local, dynamic boundary condition: Sedimentology, v. 50, no. 2, p. 279-301, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3091.2003.00555.x.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"279","endPage":"301","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478502,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3091.2003.00555.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":388331,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"50","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-04-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a01b0e4b0c8380cd4fcf7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schmeeckle, M.W.","contributorId":7461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmeeckle","given":"M.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nelson, J. M.","contributorId":68687,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70025873,"text":"70025873 - 2003 - Microvariability in Seyfert galaxies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:33","indexId":"70025873","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":914,"text":"Astronomical Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Microvariability in Seyfert galaxies","docAbstract":"We present the results of a search for microvariability in a sample of eight Seyfert galaxies. Microvariability (i.e., variations occurring on timescales of tens of minutes to hours) has been conclusively demonstrated to exist in the class of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) known as blazars. Its existence in other classes of AGNs is far less certain. We present the results of a study of eight Seyfert 1 galaxies, which were intensively monitored in order to determine whether such variations exist in these objects. Only one object, Ark 120, displayed any evidence of microvariations. The implications of these results with respect to current models of the mechanisms responsible for the observed emission in Seyfert galaxies are discussed. We compare our results with those obtained from other studies of microvariability in different classes of AGNs.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Astronomical Journal","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1086/373930","issn":"00046256","usgsCitation":"Carini, M., Noble, J., and Miller, H., 2003, Microvariability in Seyfert galaxies: Astronomical Journal, v. 125, no. 4 1768, p. 1811-1816, https://doi.org/10.1086/373930.","startPage":"1811","endPage":"1816","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478407,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1086/373930","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":208834,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1086/373930"},{"id":234870,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"125","issue":"4 1768","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a56ade4b0c8380cd6d746","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carini, M.T.","contributorId":16202,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carini","given":"M.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Noble, J.C.","contributorId":41632,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noble","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, H.R.","contributorId":14989,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"H.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
]}