Infectious salmon anaemia (ISA) is a major disease of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, caused by an orthomyxovirus (ISAV). Increases in global aqua culture and the international movement of fish made it important to determine if Pacific salmon are at risk. Steelhead trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, and chum, O. keta, Chinook, O. tshawytscha, coho, O. kisutch, and Atlantic salmon were injected intraperitoneally with a high, medium, or low dose of a Norwegian strain of ISAV. In a second challenge, the same species, except chum salmon, were injected with a high dose of either a Canadian or the Norwegian strain. Average cumulative mortality of Atlantic salmon in trial 1 was 12% in the high dose group, 20% in the medium dose group and 16% in the low dose group. The average cumulative mortality of Atlantic salmon in trial 2 was 98%. No signs typical of ISA and no ISAV-related mortality occurred among any of the groups of Oncorhynchus spp. in either experiment, although ISAV was reisolated from some fish sampled at intervals post-challenge. The results indicate that while Oncorhynchus spp. are quite resistant to ISAV relative to Atlantic salmon, the potential for ISAV to adapt to Oncorhynchus spp. should not be ignored.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1046/j.1365-2761.2003.00473.x","issn":"01407775","usgsCitation":"Rolland, J., and Winton, J., 2003, Relative resistance of Pacific salmon to infectious salmon anaemia virus: Journal of Fish Diseases, v. 26, no. 9, p. 511-520, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2761.2003.00473.x.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"511","endPage":"520","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235922,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209456,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2761.2003.00473.x"}],"volume":"26","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-09-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa691e4b0c8380cd84f18","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rolland, J.B.","contributorId":33504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rolland","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Winton, J. R. 0000-0002-3505-5509","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3505-5509","contributorId":82441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winton","given":"J. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70024976,"text":"70024976 - 2003 - Atmospheric deposition maps for the Rocky Mountains","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:09","indexId":"70024976","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":924,"text":"Atmospheric Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Atmospheric deposition maps for the Rocky Mountains","docAbstract":"Variability in atmospheric deposition across the Rocky Mountains is influenced by elevation, slope, aspect, and precipitation amount and by regional and local sources of air pollution. To improve estimates of deposition in mountainous regions, maps of average annual atmospheric deposition loadings of nitrate, sulfate, and acidity were developed for the Rocky Mountains by using spatial statistics. A parameter-elevation regressions on independent slopes model (PRISM) was incorporated to account for variations in precipitation amount over mountainous regions. Chemical data were obtained from the National Atmospheric Deposition Program/National Trends Network and from annual snowpack surveys conducted by the US Geological Survey and National Park Service, in cooperation with other Federal, State and local agencies. Surface concentration maps were created by ordinary kriging in a geographic information system, using a local trend and mathematical model to estimate the spatial variance. Atmospheric-deposition maps were constructed at 1-km resolution by multiplying surface concentrations from the kriged grid and estimates of precipitation amount from the PRISM model. Maps indicate an increasing spatial trend in concentration and deposition of the modeled constituents, particularly nitrate and sulfate, from north to south throughout the Rocky Mountains and identify hot-spots of atmospheric deposition that result from combined local and regional sources of air pollution. Highest nitrate (2.5-3.0kg/ha N) and sulfate (10.0-12.0kg/ha SO4) deposition is found in northern Colorado.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Atmospheric Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2003.08.024","issn":"13522310","usgsCitation":"Nanus, L., Campbell, K., Ingersoll, G., Clow, D.W., and Mast, M., 2003, Atmospheric deposition maps for the Rocky Mountains: Atmospheric Environment, v. 37, no. 35, p. 4881-4892, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2003.08.024.","startPage":"4881","endPage":"4892","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207925,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2003.08.024"},{"id":233222,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"35","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eec0e4b0c8380cd49f19","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nanus, L.","contributorId":83239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nanus","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Campbell, K.","contributorId":63351,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Campbell","given":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":47665,"text":"St. Anthony Falls Laboratory, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":403314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ingersoll, G.P.","contributorId":36923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingersoll","given":"G.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Clow, D. W.","contributorId":23531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clow","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mast, M.A.","contributorId":67871,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mast","given":"M.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70025203,"text":"70025203 - 2003 - Interactions of organic contaminants with mineral-adsorbed surfactants","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:27","indexId":"70025203","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interactions of organic contaminants with mineral-adsorbed surfactants","docAbstract":"Sorption of organic contaminants (phenol, p-nitrophenol, and naphthalene) to natural solids (soils and bentonite) with and without myristylpyridinium bromide (MPB) cationic surfactant was studied to provide novel insight to interactions of contaminants with the mineral-adsorbed surfactant. Contaminant sorption coefficients with mineral-adsorbed surfactants, Kss, show a strong dependence on surfactant loading in the solid. At low surfactant levels, the Kss values increased with increasing sorbed surfactant mass, reached a maximum, and then decreased with increasing surfactant loading. The Kss values for contaminants were always higher than respective partition coefficients with surfactant micelles (Kmc) and natural organic matter (Koc). At examined MPB concentrations in water the three organic contaminants showed little solubility enhancement by MPB. At low sorbed-surfactant levels, the resulting mineral-adsorbed surfactant via the cation-exchange process appears to form a thin organic film, which effectively \"adsorbs\" the contaminants, resulting in very high Kss values. At high surfactant levels, the sorbed surfactant on minerals appears to form a bulklike medium that behaves essentially as a partition phase (rather than an adsorptive surface), with the resulting Kss being significantly decreased and less dependent on the MPB loading. The results provide a reference to the use of surfactants for remediation of contaminated soils/sediments or groundwater in engineered surfactant-enhanced washing.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Science and Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1021/es026326k","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Zhu, L., Chen, B., Tao, S., and Chiou, C.T., 2003, Interactions of organic contaminants with mineral-adsorbed surfactants: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 37, no. 17, p. 4001-4006, https://doi.org/10.1021/es026326k.","startPage":"4001","endPage":"4006","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209474,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es026326k"},{"id":235956,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"17","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-07-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3ccfe4b0c8380cd63070","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zhu, L.","contributorId":58055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhu","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chen, B.","contributorId":30420,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chen","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tao, S.","contributorId":81296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tao","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chiou, C. T.","contributorId":97080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chiou","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70025722,"text":"70025722 - 2003 - Quantitative characterization of the regressive ecological succession by fractal analysis of plant spatial patterns","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-26T14:57:18","indexId":"70025722","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1458,"text":"Ecological Modelling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantitative characterization of the regressive ecological succession by fractal analysis of plant spatial patterns","docAbstract":"We studied the effect of grazing on the degree of regression of successional vegetation dynamic in a semi-arid Mediterranean matorral. We quantified the spatial distribution patterns of the vegetation by fractal analyses, using the fractal information dimension and spatial autocorrelation measured by detrended fluctuation analyses (DFA). It is the first time that fractal analysis of plant spatial patterns has been used to characterize the regressive ecological succession. Plant spatial patterns were compared over a long-term grazing gradient (low, medium and heavy grazing pressure) and on ungrazed sites for two different plant communities: A middle dense matorral of Chamaerops and Periploca at Sabinar-Romeral and a middle dense matorral of Chamaerops, Rhamnus and Ulex at Requena-Montano. The two communities differed also in the microclimatic characteristics (sea oriented at the Sabinar-Romeral site and inland oriented at the Requena-Montano site). The information fractal dimension increased as we moved from a middle dense matorral to discontinuous and scattered matorral and, finally to the late regressive succession, at Stipa steppe stage. At this stage a drastic change in the fractal dimension revealed a change in the vegetation structure, accurately indicating end successional vegetation stages. Long-term correlation analysis (DFA) revealed that an increase in grazing pressure leads to unpredictability (randomness) in species distributions, a reduction in diversity, and an increase in cover of the regressive successional species, e.g. Stipa tenacissima L. These comparisons provide a quantitative characterization of the successional dynamic of plant spatial patterns in response to grazing perturbation gradient. ?? 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0304-3800(02)00294-6","issn":"03043800","usgsCitation":"Alados, C., Pueyo, Y., Giner, M., Navarro, T., Escos, J., Barroso, F., Cabezudo, B., and Emlen, J., 2003, Quantitative characterization of the regressive ecological succession by fractal analysis of plant spatial patterns: Ecological Modelling, v. 163, no. 1-2, p. 1-17, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3800(02)00294-6.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"17","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234860,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208829,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3800(02)00294-6"}],"country":"Spain","otherGeospatial":"Cabo de Gata Natural Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -1.8779754638671875,\n 37.044216689679736\n ],\n [\n -1.9850921630859375,\n 37.049697096021845\n ],\n [\n -1.9988250732421875,\n 37.010777643303676\n ],\n [\n -2.0249176025390625,\n 36.9800665440453\n ],\n [\n -2.0565032958984375,\n 36.97842095659724\n ],\n [\n -2.0702362060546875,\n 36.958122452135285\n ],\n [\n -2.0647430419921875,\n 36.91311729030539\n ],\n [\n -2.0894622802734375,\n 36.92299874872025\n ],\n [\n -2.1183013916015625,\n 36.910372213522535\n ],\n [\n -2.1148681640624996,\n 36.8713814633579\n ],\n [\n -2.13134765625,\n 36.837866465399735\n ],\n [\n -2.1649932861328125,\n 36.762541529488715\n ],\n [\n -2.2295379638671875,\n 36.79224049534211\n ],\n [\n -2.2412109375,\n 36.8510544475565\n ],\n [\n -2.30438232421875,\n 36.84940607417791\n ],\n [\n -2.318801879882812,\n 36.83401954216856\n ],\n [\n -2.1938323974609375,\n 36.71962271257377\n ],\n [\n -2.1183013916015625,\n 36.731180139463724\n ],\n [\n -2.0846557617187496,\n 36.76529191711624\n ],\n [\n -2.0606231689453125,\n 36.77574249046968\n ],\n [\n -2.0565032958984375,\n 36.806535893025575\n ],\n [\n -2.021484375,\n 36.82907321372808\n ],\n [\n -1.9933319091796877,\n 36.84501023807827\n ],\n [\n -1.9947052001953123,\n 36.87962060502676\n ],\n [\n -1.9809722900390625,\n 36.89499795802219\n ],\n [\n -1.9528198242187498,\n 36.912568282851964\n ],\n [\n -1.9329071044921877,\n 36.933427787913885\n ],\n [\n -1.9040679931640623,\n 36.93178119236919\n ],\n [\n -1.8621826171874998,\n 37.04092825594592\n ],\n [\n -1.8779754638671875,\n 37.044216689679736\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"163","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a920be4b0c8380cd80605","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alados, C.L.","contributorId":22925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alados","given":"C.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pueyo, Y.","contributorId":28786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pueyo","given":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Giner, M.L.","contributorId":59599,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giner","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Navarro, T.","contributorId":68497,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Navarro","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Escos, J.","contributorId":44311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Escos","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Barroso, F.","contributorId":49155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barroso","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Cabezudo, B.","contributorId":59986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cabezudo","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Emlen, J.M.","contributorId":63979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Emlen","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70025205,"text":"70025205 - 2003 - Effect of causal and acausal filters on elastic and inelastic response spectra","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:58","indexId":"70025205","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1434,"text":"Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of causal and acausal filters on elastic and inelastic response spectra","docAbstract":"With increasing interest in displacement spectra and long-period motions, it is important to check the sensitivity of both elastic and inelastic response spectra to the filtering that is often necessary to remove long period artifacts, even from many modern digital recordings. Using two records of very different character from the M=7.1, 1999 Hector Mine, California, earthquake, we find that the response spectra can be sensitive to the corner periods used in causal filtering, even for oscillator periods much less than the filter corner periods. The effect is most pronounced for inelastic response spectra, where the ratio of response spectra computed from accelerations filtered at 25 and 200 sec can be close to a factor of 2 for oscillator periods less than 5 sec. Published in 2003 by John Wiley and Sons, Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/eqe.299","issn":"00988847","usgsCitation":"Boore, D., and Akkar, S., 2003, Effect of causal and acausal filters on elastic and inelastic response spectra: Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, v. 32, no. 11, p. 1729-1748, https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.299.","startPage":"1729","endPage":"1748","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235991,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209487,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eqe.299"}],"volume":"32","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-06-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a05c7e4b0c8380cd50f5a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boore, D.M. 0000-0002-8605-9673","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8605-9673","contributorId":64226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boore","given":"D.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Akkar, Sinan","contributorId":39175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Akkar","given":"Sinan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70024979,"text":"70024979 - 2003 - Reduction of elemental selenium to selenide: Experiments with anoxic sediments and bacteria that respire Se-oxyanions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-19T10:00:35","indexId":"70024979","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1800,"text":"Geomicrobiology Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reduction of elemental selenium to selenide: Experiments with anoxic sediments and bacteria that respire Se-oxyanions","docAbstract":"A selenite-respiring bacterium, Bacillus selenitireducens, produced significant levels of Se(-II) (as aqueous HSe−) when supplied with Se(0). B. selenitireducens was also able to reduce selenite [Se(IV)] through Se(0) to Se(-II). Reduction of Se(0) by B. selenitireducens was more rapid in cells grown on colloidal sulfur [S(0)] or Se(IV) as their electron acceptor than for cell lines grown on fumarate. In contrast, three cultures of selenate-respiring bacteria, Sulfurospirillum barnesii, B. arsenicoselenatis, and Selenihalanaerobacter shriftii either were unable to reduce Se(0) to Se(-II) or had only a very limited capacity to achieve this reduction. Biological reduction of Se(0) to Se(-II) was observed during incubation of estuarine sediment slurries, while no such activity was noted in formalin-killed controls. The majority of the Se(-II) produced was found in the sediments as a solid precipitate of FeSe, rather than in solution as HSe−. These results demonstrate that certain anaerobic bacteria have the capacity to reduce Se(0) to Se(-II), providing a possible biological explanation for the occurrence of the selenide species in some sedimentary rocks.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/713851163","issn":"01490451","usgsCitation":"Herbel, M., Blum, J., Oremland, R., and Borglin, S., 2003, Reduction of elemental selenium to selenide: Experiments with anoxic sediments and bacteria that respire Se-oxyanions: Geomicrobiology Journal, v. 20, no. 6, p. 587-602, https://doi.org/10.1080/713851163.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"587","endPage":"602","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233259,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a3dbe4b0e8fec6cdb9de","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Herbel, M.J.","contributorId":57232,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herbel","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blum, J.S.","contributorId":105070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blum","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Oremland, R.S.","contributorId":97512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oremland","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Borglin, S.E.","contributorId":69334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Borglin","given":"S.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70025577,"text":"70025577 - 2003 - Modeling precipitation and sorption of elements during mixing of river water and porewater in the Coeur d'Alene River basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-01T09:45:44","indexId":"70025577","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling precipitation and sorption of elements during mixing of river water and porewater in the Coeur d'Alene River basin","docAbstract":"Reddish brown flocs form along the edge of the Coeur d'Alene River when porewater drains into river water during the annual lowering of water level in the basin. The precipitates are efficient scavengers of dissolved elements and have characteristics that may make metals associated with them bioavailable. This work characterizes the geochemistry of the porewater and models the formation and composition of the flocs. Porewater is slightly acidic, has suboxic to anoxic characteristics, tends to have higher alkalinity, and contains elevated concentrations of many constituents relative to river water. Laboratory mixing experiments involving porewater and river water were done to produce the precipitates. Thermodynamic predictions using PHREEQC indicate that predicted amounts of ferrihydrite and gibbsite agree with removal of Fe and Al. Predictions of element removal by adsorption onto ferrihydrite are consistent with observed removal using a combination of surface complexation constants for the generalized two-layer model (As and Se), alternative surface constants derived from experiments at high sorbate-to-sorbent ratios (Cd, Co, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn), and adjusted surface constants to fit experimental data (Cr, Mo, and Sb). This new set of surface complexation constants needs further testing in other contaminated systems.","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es0303283","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Balistrieri, L.S., Box, S.E., and Tonkin, J., 2003, Modeling precipitation and sorption of elements during mixing of river water and porewater in the Coeur d'Alene River basin: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 37, no. 20, p. 4694-4701, https://doi.org/10.1021/es0303283.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"4694","endPage":"4701","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236051,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209510,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es0303283"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Coeur d’Alene Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117,\n 47.25\n ],\n [\n -115.5,\n 47.25\n ],\n [\n -115.5,\n 47.75\n ],\n [\n -117,\n 47.75\n ],\n [\n -117,\n 47.25\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"37","issue":"20","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-09-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5c1fe4b0c8380cd6fa50","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Balistrieri, Laurie S. 0000-0002-6359-3849 balistri@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6359-3849","contributorId":1406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Balistrieri","given":"Laurie","email":"balistri@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":662,"text":"Western Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":761874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Box, S. E.","contributorId":38567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Box","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tonkin, J.W.","contributorId":52774,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tonkin","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70025716,"text":"70025716 - 2003 - Native gold in Hawaiian alkalic magma","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-27T18:23:53.825729","indexId":"70025716","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Native gold in Hawaiian alkalic magma","docAbstract":"Native gold found in fresh basanite glass from the early submarine phase of Kilauea volcano, Hawaii, may be the first documented case of the transport of gold as a distinct precious metal phase in a mantle-derived magma. The gold-bearing glass is a grain in bedded volcanic glass sandstone (Japan Marine Science and Technology Center (JAMSTEC) sample S508-R3) collected by the submersible Shinkai 6500 at 3879 m depth off Kilauea's south flank. Extensive outcrops there expose debris-flow breccias and sandstones containing submarine-erupted alkalic rock fragments and glasses from early Kilauea. Precipitation of an immiscible gold liquid resulted from resorption of magmatic sulfides during crystallization-differentiation, with consequent liberation of sulfide-hosted gold. Elevated whole-rock gold concentrations (to 36 ppb) for fresh lavas and clasts from early Kilauea further show that some magmas erupted at the beginning stages of Hawaiian shield volcanoes were distinctly gold rich, most likely owing to limited residual sulfide in their mantle source. Alkalic magmas at other ocean islands may also be gold rich, and oceanic hot-spot provinces may contain underappreciated gold resources.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.98.3.643","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Sisson, T.W., 2003, Native gold in Hawaiian alkalic magma: Economic Geology, v. 98, no. 3, p. 643-648, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.98.3.643.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"643","endPage":"648","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":387487,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"98","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a62c0e4b0c8380cd720bc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sisson, T. W.","contributorId":108120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sisson","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70025206,"text":"70025206 - 2003 - Sediment-starved sand ridges on a mixed carbonate/siliciclastic inner shelf off west-central Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-09T13:19:58","indexId":"70025206","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sediment-starved sand ridges on a mixed carbonate/siliciclastic inner shelf off west-central Florida","docAbstract":"High-resolution side-scan mosaics, sediment analyses, and physical process data have revealed that the mixed carbonate/siliciclastic, inner shelf of west-central Florida supports a highly complex field of active sand ridges mantled by a hierarchy of bedforms. The sand ridges, mostly oriented obliquely to the shoreline trend, extend from 2 km to over 25 km offshore. They show many similarities to their well-known counterparts situated along the US Atlantic margin in that both increase in relief with increasing water depth, both are oriented obliquely to the coast, and both respond to modern shelf dynamics. There are significant differences in that the sand ridges on the west-central Florida shelf are smaller in all dimensions, have a relatively high carbonate content, and are separated by exposed rock surfaces. They are also shoreface-detached and are sediment-starved, thus stunting their development. Morphological details are highly distinctive and apparent in side-scan imagery due to the high acoustic contrast. The seafloor is active and not a relict system as indicated by: (1) relatively young AMS 14C dates (< 1600 yr BP) from forams in the shallow subsurface (1.6 meters below seafloor), (2) apparent shifts in sharply distinctive grayscale boundaries seen in time-series side-scan mosaics, (3) maintenance of these sharp acoustic boundaries and development of small bedforms in an area of constant and extensive bioturbation, (4) sediment textural asymmetry indicative of selective transport across bedform topography, (5) morphological asymmetry of sand ridges and 2D dunes, and (6) current-meter data indicating that the critical threshold velocity for sediment transport is frequently exceeded. Although larger sand ridges are found along other portions of the west-central Florida inner shelf, these smaller sand ridges are best developed seaward of a major coastal headland, suggesting some genetic relationship. The headland may focus and accelerate the N-S reversing currents. An elevated rock terrace extending from the headland supports these ridges in a shallower water environment than the surrounding shelf, allowing them to be more easily influenced by currents and surface gravity waves. Tidal currents, storm-generated flows, and seasonally developed flows are shore-parallel and oriented obliquely to the NW-SE trending ridges, indicating that they have developed as described by the Huthnance model. Although inner shelf sand ridges have been extensively examined elsewhere, this study is the first to describe them in a low-energy, sediment-starved, dominantly mixed siliciclastic/carbonate sedimentary environment situated on a former limestone platform. ?? 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0025-3227(03)00182-8","issn":"00253227","usgsCitation":"Harrison, S.E., Locker, S., Hine, A.C., Edwards, J., Naar, D., Twichell, D., and Mallinson, D.J., 2003, Sediment-starved sand ridges on a mixed carbonate/siliciclastic inner shelf off west-central Florida: Marine Geology, v. 200, no. 1-4, p. 171-194, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-3227(03)00182-8.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"171","endPage":"194","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235992,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Tampa Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -84,\n 26.85\n ],\n [\n -82,\n 26.85\n ],\n [\n -82,\n 28.5\n ],\n [\n -84,\n 28.5\n ],\n [\n -84,\n 26.85\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"200","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8a09e4b08c986b316fc7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harrison, S. E.","contributorId":87976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harrison","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Locker, S. D.","contributorId":81532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Locker","given":"S. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hine, A. C.","contributorId":21197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hine","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Edwards, J.H.","contributorId":96467,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Naar, D. F.","contributorId":80434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naar","given":"D. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Twichell, D.C.","contributorId":84304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Twichell","given":"D.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Mallinson, D. J.","contributorId":71745,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mallinson","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70170676,"text":"70170676 - 2003 - Fungal biology and agriculture: revisiting the field","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-28T16:34:56","indexId":"70170676","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2780,"text":"Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fungal biology and agriculture: revisiting the field","docAbstract":"Plant pathology has made significant progress over the years, a process that involved overcoming a variety of conceptual and technological hurdles. Descriptive mycology and the advent of chemical plant-disease management have been followed by biochemical and physiological studies of fungi and their hosts. The later establishment of biochemical genetics along with the introduction of DNA-mediated transformation have set the stage for dissection of gene function and advances in our understanding of fungal cell biology and plant-fungus interactions. Currently, with the advent of high-throughput technologies, we have the capacity to acquire vast data sets that have direct relevance to the numerous subdisciplines within fungal biology and pathology. These data provide unique opportunities for basic research and for engineering solutions to important agricultural problems. However, we also are faced with the challenge of data organization and mining to analyze the relationships between fungal and plant genomes and to elucidate the physiological function of pertinent DNA sequences. We present our perspective of fungal biology and agriculture, including administrative and political challenges to plant protection research.
","language":"English","publisher":"APS PRESS","doi":"10.1094/MPMI.2003.16.10.859","usgsCitation":"Yarden, O., Ebbole, D., Freeman, S., Rodriguez, R.J., and Dickman, M.B., 2003, Fungal biology and agriculture: revisiting the field: Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions, v. 16, no. 10, p. 859-866, https://doi.org/10.1094/MPMI.2003.16.10.859.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"859","endPage":"866","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":500064,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doaj.org/article/117d33749bb8406e8bcaff8325f36360","text":"External Repository"},{"id":320710,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5723342ee4b0b13d39148cd9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yarden, O.","contributorId":169017,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yarden","given":"O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":628057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ebbole, D.J.","contributorId":169018,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ebbole","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":628058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Freeman, S.","contributorId":78492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freeman","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":628059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rodriguez, R. J.","contributorId":53107,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rodriguez","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":628060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dickman, M. B.","contributorId":168832,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dickman","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":628061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70025579,"text":"70025579 - 2003 - Setting an effective TMDL: Sediment loading and effects of suspended sediment on fish","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-21T18:10:49.561709","indexId":"70025579","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Setting an effective TMDL: Sediment loading and effects of suspended sediment on fish","docAbstract":"The Agricultural Drainage and Pesticide Transport model was used to examine the relationship between fish and suspended sediment in the context of a proposed total maximum daily load (TMDL) in two agricultural watersheds in Minnesota. During a 50-year simulation, Wells Creek, a third-order cold water stream, had an estimated 1,164 events (i.e., one or more consecutive days of estimated sediment loading) and the Chippewa River, a fourth-order warm water stream, had 906 events of measurable suspended sediment. Sublethal thresholds were exceeded for 970 events and lethal levels for 194 events for brown trout in Wells Creek, whereas adult nonsalmonidis would have experienced sublethal levels for 923 events and lethal levels for 241 events. Sublethal levels were exceeded for 756 events and lethal thresholds were exceeded for 150 events in the Chippewa River. Nonsalmonids would have experienced 15 events of mortality between 0 and 20 percent in Wells Creek. In the Chippewa River, there were 35 events of mortality between 0 and 20 percent and one event in which mortality could have exceeded 20 percent. The Minnesota Pollution Control Agency has proposed listing stream reaches as being impaired for turbidity at 25 NTU, which is approximately 46 mg suspended sediment/l. We estimated that 46 mg/l would be exceeded approximately 30 days in a year (d/yr) in both systems. A TMDL of 46 mg SS/l may be too high to ensure that stream fishes are not negatively affected by suspended sediment. We recommend that an indicator incorporating the duration of exposure be applied.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.2003.tb03688.x","issn":"1093474X","usgsCitation":"Vondracek, B., Zimmerman, J.K., and Westra, J., 2003, Setting an effective TMDL: Sediment loading and effects of suspended sediment on fish: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 39, no. 5, p. 1005-1015, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2003.tb03688.x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1005","endPage":"1015","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":498945,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2003.tb03688.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":388288,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8d6fe4b08c986b3183db","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vondracek, B.","contributorId":69930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vondracek","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zimmerman, J. K. H.","contributorId":105898,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zimmerman","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"K. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Westra, J.V.","contributorId":86159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Westra","given":"J.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70024916,"text":"70024916 - 2003 - Post-Depositional Behavior of Cu in a Metal-Mining Polishing Pond (East Lake, Canada)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-02T21:29:27","indexId":"70024916","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Post-Depositional Behavior of Cu in a Metal-Mining Polishing Pond (East Lake, Canada)","docAbstract":"The post-depositional behavior of Cu in a gold-mining polishing pond (East Lake, Canada) was assessed after mine closure by examination of porewater chemistry and mineralogy. The near-surface (upper 1.5 cm) sediments are enriched in Cu, with values ranging from 0.4 to 2 wt %. Mineralogical examination revealed that the bulk of the Cu inventory is present as authigenic copper sulfides. Optical microscopy, energy-dispersion spectra, and X-ray data indicate that the main Cu sulfide is covellite (CuS). The formation of authigenic Cu-S phases is supported by the porewater data, which demonstrate that the sediments are serving as a sink for dissolved Cu below sub-bottom depths of 1-2 cm. The zone of Cu removal is consistent with the occurrence of detectable sulfide and the consumption of sulfate. The sediments can be viewed as a passive bioreactor that permanently removes Cu as insoluble copper sulfides. This process is not unlike that which occurs in other forms of bioremediation, such as wetlands and permeable reactive barriers. Above the zone of Cu removal, dissolved Cu maxima in the interfacial porewaters range from 150 to 450 ??g L-1 and reflect the dissolution of a Cu-bearing phase in the surface sediments. The reactive phase is thought to be a component of treatment sludges delivered to the lake as part of cyanide treatment. Flux calculations indicate that the efflux of dissolved Cu from the sediments to the water column (14-51 ??g cm-2 yr-1) can account for the elevated levels of dissolved Cu in lake waters (???50 ??g L-1). Implications for lake recovery are discussed.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Science and Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1021/es034242l","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Martin, A., Jambor, J., Pedersen, T.F., and Crusius, J., 2003, Post-Depositional Behavior of Cu in a Metal-Mining Polishing Pond (East Lake, Canada): Environmental Science & Technology, v. 37, no. 21, p. 4925-4933, https://doi.org/10.1021/es034242l.","startPage":"4925","endPage":"4933","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232900,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207726,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es034242l"}],"volume":"37","issue":"21","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-10-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7e50e4b0c8380cd7a472","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Martin, A.J.","contributorId":63574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jambor, J.L.","contributorId":107460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jambor","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pedersen, Thomas F.","contributorId":13785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pedersen","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Crusius, John 0000-0003-2554-0831 jcrusius@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2554-0831","contributorId":2155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crusius","given":"John","email":"jcrusius@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":403106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70025208,"text":"70025208 - 2003 - Comparison of prehatch C-start responses in rainbow trout and lake trout embryos by means of a tactile stimulus test","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:57","indexId":"70025208","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of prehatch C-start responses in rainbow trout and lake trout embryos by means of a tactile stimulus test","docAbstract":"The C-start in teleost fishes, a type of startle response, mediates the ability to respond to abrupt, unexpected stimuli and is characterized by a short-latency, C-type fast start acceleration. In prehatch fish embryos, the C-start appears necessary for mechanical breakdown of the egg chorion and successful hatching by way of increased embryo movement and distribution of the hatching enzymes. In later stages, the C-start plays an important role in predator avoidance. Using tactile stimulation, we evaluated the C-start response in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss at 170 degree-days, when 6.6% of embryos exhibited C-starts, and lake trout Salvelinus namaycush embryos at 320 degree-days, when 23% of embryos exhibited C-starts. Triplicate groups of embryos were later tested at three developmental stages: early (220 and 360 degree-days for rainbow trout and lake trout, respectively), middle (260 and 480 degree-days, respectively), and late (320 and 560 degree-days, respectively). The proportion of trout embryos exhibiting C-start increased through time, such that 100% had responded by the late stage, just prior to hatching. C-starts could be obtained by repeated stimulation, and the relative activity of the embryos (based on the number of flexures per stimulus) also increased over time. Rainbow trout and lake trout showed very similar C-start responses at parallel developmental stages, and these patterns of response were similar to those reported in other fish species.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/T01-019","issn":"00028487","usgsCitation":"Wright, P., Noltie, D.B., and Tillitt, D.E., 2003, Comparison of prehatch C-start responses in rainbow trout and lake trout embryos by means of a tactile stimulus test: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 132, no. 5, p. 988-996, https://doi.org/10.1577/T01-019.","startPage":"988","endPage":"996","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209500,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/T01-019"},{"id":236030,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"132","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f884e4b0c8380cd4d166","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wright, P.J.","contributorId":72672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Noltie, Douglas B.","contributorId":70333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noltie","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tillitt, D. E.","contributorId":83462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tillitt","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70025616,"text":"70025616 - 2003 - Three-dimensional imaging of buried objects in very lossy earth by inversion of VETEM data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:00","indexId":"70025616","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1944,"text":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Three-dimensional imaging of buried objects in very lossy earth by inversion of VETEM data","docAbstract":"The very early time electromagnetic system (VETEM) is an efficient tool for the detection of buried objects in very lossy earth, which allows a deeper penetration depth compared to the ground-penetrating radar. In this paper, the inversion of VETEM data is investigated using three-dimensional (3-D) inverse scattering techniques, where multiple frequencies are applied in the frequency range from 0-5 MHz. For small and moderately sized problems, the Born approximation and/or the Born iterative method have been used with the aid of the singular value decomposition and/or the conjugate gradient method in solving the linearized integral equations. For large-scale problems, a localized 3-D inversion method based on the Born approximation has been proposed for the inversion of VETEM data over a large measurement domain. Ways to process and to calibrate the experimental VETEM data are discussed to capture the real physics of buried objects. Reconstruction examples using synthesized VETEM data and real-world VETEM data are given to test the validity and efficiency of the proposed approach.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1109/TGRS.2003.815974","issn":"01962892","usgsCitation":"Cui, T., Aydiner, A., Chew, W., Wright, D., and Smith, D., 2003, Three-dimensional imaging of buried objects in very lossy earth by inversion of VETEM data: IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, v. 41, no. 10 PART I, p. 2197-2210, https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2003.815974.","startPage":"2197","endPage":"2210","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209529,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2003.815974"},{"id":236090,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"10 PART I","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb32ee4b08c986b325c29","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cui, T.J.","contributorId":72552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cui","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aydiner, A.A.","contributorId":76088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aydiner","given":"A.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chew, W.C.","contributorId":19730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chew","given":"W.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wright, D.L.","contributorId":88758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Smith, D.V.","contributorId":31143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70025544,"text":"70025544 - 2003 - Home-range size and habitat used by the northern myotis (Myotis septentrionalis)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-09T17:26:36.021268","indexId":"70025544","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":737,"text":"American Midland Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Home-range size and habitat used by the northern myotis (Myotis septentrionalis)","title":"Home-range size and habitat used by the northern myotis (Myotis septentrionalis)","docAbstract":"We examined home range size and habitat use of nine female northern myotis (Myotis septentrionalis) within an intensively managed forest in the central Appalachians of West Virginia. Using the 95% adaptive kernel method, we calculated a mean home range of 65 ha. Northern myotis used recent diameter-limit harvests and road corridors more than expected based on availability of these habitats. Intact forest stands and more open deferment harvested stands were used less than expected based on the availability of these habitats, although intact forest stands still constituted the overall majority of habitat used. Partial timber harvests that leave a relatively closed canopy appear to promote or improve northern myotis foraging habitat in heavily forested landscapes. However, the long-term ecological impacts on bats and other biota from this silviculturally unacceptable practice are unclear.
","language":"English","publisher":"University of Notre Dame","doi":"10.1674/0003-0031(2003)150[0352:HSAHUB]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Owen, S.F., Menzel, M.A., Ford, W.M., Chapman, B.R., Miller, K.V., Edwards, J.W., and Wood, P.B., 2003, Home-range size and habitat used by the northern myotis (Myotis septentrionalis): American Midland Naturalist, v. 150, no. 2, p. 352-359, https://doi.org/10.1674/0003-0031(2003)150[0352:HSAHUB]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"352","endPage":"359","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236013,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"150","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a320ce4b0c8380cd5e4a3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Owen, Sheldon F.","contributorId":169825,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Owen","given":"Sheldon","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Menzel, M. A.","contributorId":33500,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Menzel","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ford, W. Mark wford@usgs.gov","contributorId":3858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ford","given":"W.","email":"wford@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Mark","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":405591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chapman, Brian R.","contributorId":19430,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chapman","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Miller, Karl V.","contributorId":171517,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"Karl","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Edwards, John W.","contributorId":169827,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Edwards","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wood, Petra B. 0000-0002-8575-1705 pbwood@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8575-1705","contributorId":199090,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"Petra","email":"pbwood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":405594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70025696,"text":"70025696 - 2003 - Metal dispersion and mobility in soils from the Lik Zn-Pb-Ag massive sulphide deposit, NW Alaska: Environmental and exploration implications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:31","indexId":"70025696","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1758,"text":"Geochemistry: Exploration, Environment, Analysis","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Metal dispersion and mobility in soils from the Lik Zn-Pb-Ag massive sulphide deposit, NW Alaska: Environmental and exploration implications","docAbstract":"The Lik deposit in northern Alaska is a largely unexposed shale-hosted Zn-Pb-Ag massive sulphide deposit that is underlain by continuous permafrost. Residual soils overlying the mineralized zone have element enrichments that are two to six times greater than baseline values. The most prominent elements are Ag, Mo, P, Se, Sr, V by total 4-acid digestion and Tl by a weak partial digestion (Enzyme Leach or EL) because they show multi-point anomalies that extend across the entire mineralized zone, concentration ranges are 0.5-2.6 ppm Ag, 4-26 ppm Mo, 0.1-0.3% P, 3-22 ppm Se, 90-230 ppm Sr, 170-406 ppm V, and 1.6-30 ppb Tl. Lead, Sb, and Hg are also anomalous (up to 178 ppm, 30 ppm, and 1.9 ppm, respectively), but all are characterized by single point anomalies directly over the mineralized zone, with only slightly elevated concentrations over the lower mineralized section. Zinc (total) has a consistent baseline response of 200 ppm, but it is not elevated in soils overlying the mineralized zone. However, Zn by EL shows a distinct single-point anomaly over the ore zone that suggests it was highly mobile and partly adsorbed on oxides or other secondary phases during weathering. In situ analyses (by laser ablation ICP-MS) of pyrite and sphalerite from drill core suggest that sphalerite is the primary residence for Ag, Cd, and Hg in addition to Zn, and pyrite contains As, Fe, Sb, and Tl. The level and degree of oxidation, and the proportion of reacting pyrite and carbonate minerals are two factors that affected the mobility and transport of metals. In oxidizing conditions, Zn is highly mobile relative to Hg and Ag, perhaps explaining the decoupling of Zn from the other sphalerite-hosted elements in the soils. Soils are acidic (to 3.9 pH) directly over the deposit due to the presence of acid-producing pyrite, but acid-neutralizing carbonate away from the mineralized zone yield soils that are near neutral. The soils therefore formed in a complex system involving oxidation and weathering (mechanical and chemical) of sulphide minerals, dissolution of carbonate minerals, and precipitation of iron and manganese oxide minerals.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geochemistry: Exploration, Environment, Analysis","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1144/1467-7873/03002","issn":"14677873","usgsCitation":"Kelley, K., and Kelley, D.L., 2003, Metal dispersion and mobility in soils from the Lik Zn-Pb-Ag massive sulphide deposit, NW Alaska: Environmental and exploration implications: Geochemistry: Exploration, Environment, Analysis, v. 3, no. 2, p. 179-195, https://doi.org/10.1144/1467-7873/03002.","startPage":"179","endPage":"195","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208929,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1144/1467-7873/03002"},{"id":235038,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-06-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5479e4b0c8380cd6cfb6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kelley, K.D. 0000-0002-3232-5809","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3232-5809","contributorId":75157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelley","given":"K.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kelley, D. L.","contributorId":40976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelley","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70026130,"text":"70026130 - 2003 - Bedload component of glacially discharged sediment: Insights from the Matanuska Glacier, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:35","indexId":"70026130","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bedload component of glacially discharged sediment: Insights from the Matanuska Glacier, Alaska","docAbstract":"The flux of glacially derived bedload and the proportions of the suspended and bedload components carried by proglacial streams are highly debated. Published data indicate a large range-from <30% to >75%-in the bedload percentage of the total load. Two \"vents,\" where supercooled subglacial meltwater and sediment are discharged, were sampled over the course of an entire melt season in order to quantify the flux of glacially delivered bedload at the Matanuska Glacier, Alaska. The bedload component contributed by these vents, for the one melt season monitored, is negligible. Furthermore, the bedload fluxes appear to be strongly supply limited, as shown by the poorly correlated discharge, bedload-flux magnitude, and grain-size caliber. Thus, in this case, any attempt to employ a predictive quantitative expression for coarse-sediment production based on discharge alone would be inaccurate. A nonglaciated basin proximal to the Matanuska Glacier terminus yielded higher bedload sediment fluxes and larger clast sizes than delivered by the two monitored vents. Such nonglaciated basins should not be overlooked as potentially major sources of coarse bedload that is reworked and incorporated into valley outwash.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(2003)031<0007:BCOGDS>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Pearce, J., Pazzaglia, F., Evenson, E., Lawson, D.E., Alley, R.B., Germanoski, D., and Denner, J., 2003, Bedload component of glacially discharged sediment: Insights from the Matanuska Glacier, Alaska: Geology, v. 31, no. 1, p. 7-10, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(2003)031<0007:BCOGDS>2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"7","endPage":"10","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208883,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(2003)031<0007:BCOGDS>2.0.CO;2"},{"id":234958,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f041e4b0c8380cd4a6a4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pearce, J.T.","contributorId":96061,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearce","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pazzaglia, F.J.","contributorId":73793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pazzaglia","given":"F.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Evenson, E.B.","contributorId":79628,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evenson","given":"E.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lawson, D. E.","contributorId":9343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lawson","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Alley, R. B.","contributorId":49533,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Alley","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Germanoski, D.","contributorId":19349,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Germanoski","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Denner, J.D.","contributorId":54778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Denner","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70026267,"text":"70026267 - 2003 - Source depth dependence of micro-tsunamis recorded with ocean-bottom pressure gauges: The January 28, 2000 Mw 6.8 earthquake off Nemuro Peninsula, Japan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-12T12:10:56","indexId":"70026267","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Source depth dependence of micro-tsunamis recorded with ocean-bottom pressure gauges: The January 28, 2000 Mw 6.8 earthquake off Nemuro Peninsula, Japan","docAbstract":"Micro-tsunami waves with a maximum amplitude of 4-6 mm were detected with the ocean-bottom pressure gauges on a cabled deep seafloor observatory south of Hokkaido, Japan, following the January 28, 2000 earthquake (Mw 6.8) in the southern Kuril subduction zone. We model the observed micro-tsunami and estimate the focal depth and other source parameters such as fault length and amount of slip using grid searching with the least-squares method. The source depth and stress drop for the January 2000 earthquake are estimated to be 50 km and 7 MPa, respectively, with possible ranges of 45-55 km and 4-13 MPa. Focal depth of typical inter-plate earthquakes in this region ranges from 10 to 20 km and stress drop of inter-plate earthquakes generally is around 3 MPa. The source depth and stress drop estimates suggest that the earthquake was an intra-slab event in the subducting Pacific plate, rather than an inter-plate event. In addition, for a prescribed fault width of 30 km, the fault length is estimated to be 15 km, with possible ranges of 10-20 km, which is the same as the previously determined aftershock distribution. The corresponding estimate for seismic moment is 2.7x1019 Nm with possible ranges of 2.3x1019-3.2x1019Nm. Standard tide gauges along the nearby coast did not record any tsunami signal. High-precision ocean-bottom pressure measurements offshore thus make it possible to determine fault parameters of moderate-sized earthquakes in subduction zones using open-ocean tsunami waveforms. Published by Elsevier Science B. V.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0012-821X(03)00040-2","issn":"0012821X","usgsCitation":"Hirata, K., Takahashi, H., Geist, E., Satake, K., Tanioka, Y., Sugioka, H., and Mikada, H., 2003, Source depth dependence of micro-tsunamis recorded with ocean-bottom pressure gauges: The January 28, 2000 Mw 6.8 earthquake off Nemuro Peninsula, Japan: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 208, no. 3-4, p. 305-318, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(03)00040-2.","startPage":"305","endPage":"318","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234360,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208547,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(03)00040-2"}],"volume":"208","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b932ae4b08c986b31a32c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hirata, K.","contributorId":54378,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hirata","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Takahashi, H.","contributorId":58435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takahashi","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Geist, E.","contributorId":47535,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geist","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Satake, K.","contributorId":53124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Satake","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tanioka, Y.","contributorId":33891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tanioka","given":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sugioka, H.","contributorId":20120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sugioka","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Mikada, H.","contributorId":58436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mikada","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70024910,"text":"70024910 - 2003 - Earthquake occurrence modeling for evaluating seismic risks to roadway systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:11","indexId":"70024910","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Earthquake occurrence modeling for evaluating seismic risks to roadway systems","docAbstract":"The results of the application of a variety of techniques, which included bootstrap sampling, the use of antithetic values, the use of Latin squares sampling, use of control functions, a compound Poisson approach, and importance sampling, were presented. It was found that extremely large reductions in the number of simulations needed could be achieved for the mean and confidence limits of the conditional loss distribution. For the unconditional, annual-loss distribution, the reduction of the number of simulations achieved through post-sampling techniques was only a multiplicative reduction factor of slightly above 3.2.","largerWorkTitle":"Technical Council on Lifeline Earthquake Engineering Monograph","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the Sixth U.S. Conference and Workshop on Lifeline Earthquake Engineering","conferenceDate":"10 August 2003 through 13 August 2003","conferenceLocation":"Long Beach, CA","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Perkins, D., and Taylor, C., 2003, Earthquake occurrence modeling for evaluating seismic risks to roadway systems, in Technical Council on Lifeline Earthquake Engineering Monograph, no. 25, Long Beach, CA, 10 August 2003 through 13 August 2003, p. 859-867.","startPage":"859","endPage":"867","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232792,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"25","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a04fbe4b0c8380cd50bd1","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Beavers J.E.","contributorId":128412,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Beavers J.E.","id":536541,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Perkins, D.","contributorId":83589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perkins","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Taylor, C.","contributorId":73958,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70026051,"text":"70026051 - 2003 - Correlation of climate cycles in middle Mississippi Valley loess and Greenland ice","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-04T18:08:25.06341","indexId":"70026051","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Correlation of climate cycles in middle Mississippi Valley loess and Greenland ice","docAbstract":"Two complete late Wisconsin loess successions in the middle Mississippi River Valley reveal 39 and 41 alternating paleosol A- and C-horizons. Striking changes in soil color, iron content, and carbonate content define four major and two minor paleosol A-horizon complexes, which were interpreted to represent Wisconsin interstadials 1, 2, 3, 4, and semiinterstadials 1.5 and 2.5, respectively. The timing of Wisconsin interstadials matches that of corresponding Greenland interstadials. Midcontinent loess and Greenland ice records as well as rates of atmospheric 14C production have periodicities in common, suggesting a solar influence. Only a persistent heat and moisture supply could produce prominent paleosol complexes near the continental ice margin. This record suggests that El Niño–Southern Oscillation variability has amplified solar forcing, and resultant tropical heat and moisture transport played a significant role in millennial- and centennial-scale climate cycles during the late Wisconsin glaciation over the Northern Hemisphere.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(2003)031<0179:COCCIM>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Wang, H., Hughes, R., Steele, J., Lepley, S., and Tian, J., 2003, Correlation of climate cycles in middle Mississippi Valley loess and Greenland ice: Geology, v. 31, no. 2, p. 179-182, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(2003)031<0179:COCCIM>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"179","endPage":"182","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":387690,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fc36e4b0c8380cd4e1a0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wang, Hongfang","contributorId":92635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"Hongfang","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hughes, R.E.","contributorId":84497,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hughes","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Steele, J.D.","contributorId":22093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steele","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lepley, S.W.","contributorId":85851,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lepley","given":"S.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tian, J.","contributorId":18516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tian","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70025631,"text":"70025631 - 2003 - Swimming performance and physiological responses to exhaustive exercise in radio-tagged and untagged Pacific lampreys","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-28T15:42:07","indexId":"70025631","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Swimming performance and physiological responses to exhaustive exercise in radio-tagged and untagged Pacific lampreys","docAbstract":"Populations of Pacific lamprey Lampetra tridentata have declined in the Columbia River basin. One factor that may have contributed to this reduction in population size is an excessive use of energy by adult lampreys as they negotiate fishways at dams during spawning migrations. To gain an understanding of the performance capacity of Pacific lampreys, we estimated the critical swimming speed (Ucrit) and documented physiological responses of radio-tagged and untagged adult lampreys exercised to exhaustion. The mean (??SD) Ucrit of untagged lampreys was 86.2 ?? 7.5 cm/s at 15??C, whereas the Ucrit for radio-tagged lampreys was 81.5 ?? 7.0 cm/s, a speed that was significantly lower than that of untagged fish. The physiological responses of tagged and untagged lampreys subjected to exhaustive exercise included decreases in blood pH of 0.3-0.5 units, a 40% decrease in muscle glycogen levels, a 22% increase in hematocrit for untagged fish only, and a 4- to 5-fold increase in muscle and a 40- to 100-fold increase in plasma lactate concentrations. These physiological changes were significant compared with resting control fish and usually returned to resting levels by 1-4 h after fatigue. Our estimates of Ucrit for Pacific lampreys are the first quantitative measures of their swimming performance and suggest that these fish may have difficulty negotiating fishways at dams on the Columbia River, which can have water velocities approaching 2 m/s. Our physiological results indicate that tagged and untagged Pacific lampreys show similar metabolic dysfunction after exhaustive exercise but recover quickly from a single exposure to such a stressor.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(2003)132<0483:SPAPRT>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00028487","usgsCitation":"Mesa, M., Bayer, J., and Seelye, J., 2003, Swimming performance and physiological responses to exhaustive exercise in radio-tagged and untagged Pacific lampreys: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 132, no. 3, p. 483-492, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(2003)132<0483:SPAPRT>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"483","endPage":"492","numberOfPages":"10","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235717,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209368,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(2003)132<0483:SPAPRT>2.0.CO;2"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon, Washington","otherGeospatial":"Bonneville dam","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.9259262084961,\n 45.65256827947362\n ],\n [\n -121.9259262084961,\n 45.63984762016704\n ],\n [\n -121.97175979614258,\n 45.624482973849304\n ],\n [\n -121.99047088623047,\n 45.61643886233895\n ],\n [\n -121.99956893920898,\n 45.62904479285078\n ],\n [\n -121.95545196533203,\n 45.64872838482983\n ],\n [\n -121.94068908691405,\n 45.65304824779383\n ],\n [\n -121.92867279052734,\n 45.65112834983266\n ],\n [\n -121.9259262084961,\n 45.65256827947362\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"132","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba331e4b08c986b31fbec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mesa, M.G.","contributorId":17386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mesa","given":"M.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bayer, J.M.","contributorId":47945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bayer","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Seelye, J.G.","contributorId":32861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seelye","given":"J.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70025582,"text":"70025582 - 2003 - Extreme 34S depletions in ZnS at the Mike gold deposit, Carlin Trend, Nevada: Evidence for bacteriogenic supergene sphalerite","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:00","indexId":"70025582","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Extreme 34S depletions in ZnS at the Mike gold deposit, Carlin Trend, Nevada: Evidence for bacteriogenic supergene sphalerite","docAbstract":"We identified submicrometer-sized framboidal sphalerite (ZnS) below the base of supergene oxidation in a Carlin-type gold deposit of Eocene age in Nevada, United States, where the framboidal sphalerite forms a blanket-like body containing >400,000 metric tons of zinc. Framboidal sphalerite <0.1 ??m in diameter, formed in the early Miocene, ranges from <0.1 to 0.35 mol% FeS; the ??34S values range from -25??? to -70???, the lowest values measured in a marine or terrestrial environment. These S isotope data demonstrate the involvement of sulfate-reducing bacteria and provide the first documentation that sphalerite can form significant supergene sulfide-enrichment blankets.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/G19831.1","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Bawden, T., Einaudi, M., Bostick, B., Meibom, A., Wooden, J., Norby, J., Orobona, M., and Chamberlain, C., 2003, Extreme 34S depletions in ZnS at the Mike gold deposit, Carlin Trend, Nevada: Evidence for bacteriogenic supergene sphalerite: Geology, v. 31, no. 10, p. 913-916, https://doi.org/10.1130/G19831.1.","startPage":"913","endPage":"916","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487504,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/177088","text":"External Repository"},{"id":209548,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/G19831.1"},{"id":236127,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0e65e4b0c8380cd5342b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bawden, T.M.","contributorId":78136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bawden","given":"T.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Einaudi, M.T.","contributorId":27201,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Einaudi","given":"M.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bostick, B.C.","contributorId":62813,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bostick","given":"B.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Meibom, A.","contributorId":28414,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meibom","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wooden, J.","contributorId":21736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wooden","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Norby, J.W.","contributorId":33507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norby","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Orobona, M.J.T.","contributorId":40785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orobona","given":"M.J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Chamberlain, C. P.","contributorId":103841,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chamberlain","given":"C. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70026021,"text":"70026021 - 2003 - Temporal species richness-biomass relationships along successional gradients","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:34","indexId":"70026021","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2490,"text":"Journal of Vegetation Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Temporal species richness-biomass relationships along successional gradients","docAbstract":"Diversity-biomass relationships are frequently reported to be hump-shaped over space at a given time. However, it is not yet clear how diversity and biomass change simultaneously and how they are related to each other overtime (e.g. in succession) at one locality. This study develops a temporal model based on the projected changes of various community variables in a generalized terrestrial environment after fire and uses post-fire succession data on Santa Monica Mountains of southern California and other published succession data to examine the temporal diversity-biomass relationships. The results indicate that in the early stages of succession, both diversity and biomass increase and a positive relationship appears, while in the late stages of succession, biomass continued to increase but diversity usually declines; thus a negative relationship may be observed. When the scales of measurement become sufficiently large so that the measured diversity and biomass cross various stages of succession, a 'hump-shaped' relationship can emerge. The diversity-biomass relationship appears to be concordant in space and time when appropriate scales are used. Formerly proposed explanations for spatial patterns may well apply to the temporal patterns (particularly colonization, facilitation and competitive exclusion).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Vegetation Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"11009233","usgsCitation":"Guo, Q., 2003, Temporal species richness-biomass relationships along successional gradients: Journal of Vegetation Science, v. 14, no. 1, p. 121-128.","startPage":"121","endPage":"128","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234916,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba51ae4b08c986b3207ee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Guo, Q.","contributorId":67039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guo","given":"Q.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70026020,"text":"70026020 - 2003 - Gravity and magnetic expression of the San Leandro gabbro with implications for the geometry and evolution of the Hayward Fault zone, northern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-19T16:17:12.456782","indexId":"70026020","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Gravity and magnetic expression of the San Leandro gabbro with implications for the geometry and evolution of the Hayward Fault zone, northern California","docAbstract":"The Hayward Fault, one of the most hazardous faults in northern California, trends north-northwest and extends for about 90 km along the eastern San Francisco Bay region. At numerous locations along its length, distinct and elongate gravity and magnetic anomalies correlate with mapped mafic and ultramafic rocks. The most prominent of these anomalies reflects the 16-km-long San Leandro gabbroic block. Inversion of magnetic and gravity data constrained with physical property measurements is used to define the subsurface extent of the San Leandro gabbro body and to speculate on its origin and relationship to the Hayward Fault Zone. Modeling indicates that the San Leandro gabbro body is about 3 km wide, dips about 75??-80?? northeast, and extends to a depth of at least 6 km. One of the most striking results of the modeling, which was performed independently of seismicity data, is that accurately relocated seismicity is concentrated along the western edge or stratigraphically lower bounding surface of the San Leandro gabbro. The western boundary of the San Leandro gabbro block is the base of an incomplete ophiolite sequence and represented at one time, a low-angle roof thrust related to the tectonic wedging of the Franciscan Complex. After repeated episodes of extension and attenuation, the roof thrust of this tectonic wedge was rotated to near vertical, and in places, the strike-slip Hayward Fault probably reactivated or preferentially followed this pre-existing feature. Because earthquakes concentrate near the edge of the San Leandro gabbro but tend to avoid its interior, we qualitatively explore mechanical models to explain how this massive igneous block may influence the distribution of stress. The microseismicity cluster along the western flank of the San Leandro gabbro leads us to suggest that this stressed volume may be the site of future moderate to large earthquakes. Improved understanding of the three-dimensional geometry and physical properties along the Hayward Fault will provide additional constraints on seismic hazard probability, earthquake modeling, and fault interactions that are applicable to other major strike-slip faults around the world.","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120020013","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Ponce, D., Hildenbrand, T., and Jachens, R., 2003, Gravity and magnetic expression of the San Leandro gabbro with implications for the geometry and evolution of the Hayward Fault zone, northern California: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 93, no. 1, p. 14-26, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120020013.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"14","endPage":"26","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":387243,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Hayward Fault zone, northern California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.200927734375,\n 39.095962936305476\n ],\n [\n -122.7447509765625,\n 39.2492708462234\n ],\n [\n -123.02490234375,\n 39.104488809440475\n ],\n [\n -122.3822021484375,\n 38.14751758025121\n ],\n [\n -122.1844482421875,\n 37.714244967649265\n ],\n [\n -121.497802734375,\n 36.954281585675965\n ],\n [\n -121.10229492187501,\n 36.677230602346214\n ],\n [\n -121.51977539062499,\n 37.99183365313853\n ],\n [\n -122.200927734375,\n 39.095962936305476\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"93","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2a05e4b0c8380cd5ae21","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ponce, D. 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A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hildenbrand, T.G.","contributorId":83892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hildenbrand","given":"T.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jachens, R.C.","contributorId":55433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jachens","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70026054,"text":"70026054 - 2003 - A method for determining the onset year of intense browsing","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-10T19:50:04","indexId":"70026054","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2441,"text":"Journal of Range Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A method for determining the onset year of intense browsing","docAbstract":"