Nuisance levels of benthic algae are becoming increasingly common in surface waters of the western United States and can compromise aesthetic quality, limit recreational activities, block water infrastructure, and negatively affect aquatic life. In cooperation with the White River and Douglas Creek Conservation Districts, the Colorado River Basin Salinity Control Forum, and the Colorado River Water Conservation District, the U.S. Geological Survey studied physical, chemical, and biological factors potentially controlling the occurrence of benthic algae in the upper White River Basin, Colorado, from 2018 through 2021. Multiple approaches were used to assess nutrients and physical conditions in the upper White River Basin. A linear mixed-effects model was used to evaluate the relative effect of different factors on algal biomass across water-quality sites.
The frequency and severity of algal blooms in the upper White River Basin may be affected by long-term changes in nutrient availability and streamflow, specifically changes in the timing and magnitude of high and low streamflow. The effects of large peak streamflow, including movement of the streambed, may be the dominant control on the occurrence of algal blooms through years. Large, late, and long-lasting peak streamflow may limit algal blooms during the same year and into subsequent years. Without streambed disturbance, other factors such as nutrients and water temperature may have a larger effect on algal biomass.
Director, Colorado Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046, Mail Stop 415
Denver, CO 80225
Nuisance levels of benthic filamentous green algae are becoming increasingly common in surface waters of Colorado and the western United States. In 2018 the U.S. Geological Survey began a study in cooperation with the White River and Douglas Creek Conservation Districts, Colorado River Basin Salinity Control Forum, and the Colorado River Water Conservation District to collect and analyze physical, chemical, and biological information for the upper White River Basin in Colorado and investigate causes of benthic algal blooms in the basin. This report (1) presents site-specific data including water temperature, riparian canopy cover, streambed particle size, and algal biomass and community composition; (2) describes the potential for streambed movement during spring runoff using physical channel characteristics and peak streamflow velocities; and (3) explains the results of a linear mixed-effects model used to test hypotheses about the influence of physical and chemical factors in explaining the occurrence of algal blooms across the basin.
Benthic algal biomass ranged from 0.7 to 309 milligrams per square meter during the summer (July–August) from 2018 through 2021 and exceeded the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment criteria of 150 milligrams per square meter on four occasions, in 2018. Four genera of filamentous green algae were identified in the upper White River Basin, including Cladophora, Stigeoclonium, Ulothrix, and Spirogyra. Many genera of cyanobacteria were present, including some capable of producing toxins and taste and odor compounds. The nuisance diatom Didymosphenia geminata, commonly referred to as didymo, was found at two sites on the South Fork White River and along the main stem White River.
Hypotheses pertaining to the influence of measured variables on algal biomass were tested with a linear mixed-effects model. Median rock size and mean August water temperature had significant positive effects, meaning that greater bed stability and higher mean August water temperatures result in greater algal biomass. Total nitrogen to total phosphorus ratios had a significant negative effect on algal biomass, meaning that more nitrogen-limiting conditions, or greater phosphorus availability, corresponded to greater algal biomass.
Streamflow and water temperature data at White River above Coal Creek near Meeker, Colo., were used to assess possible causes of bloom conditions across years, including when algal blooms were first studied in the basin during 2016 and 2017. Early or low-magnitude peak streamflow conditions were not prerequisites for algal bloom occurrence. Conversely, relatively large, late, and long-lasting peak streamflows, such as those measured in 2019, may limit algal blooms during the same year and into subsequent years, as evidenced by extremely low algal biomass in 2019 and 2020. The broad spatial extent of bloom conditions indicates that the factors contributing to the occurrence of algal blooms are likely basinwide. Findings from this multiyear study indicate that the effects caused by larger peak streamflow, including movement of the streambed, may be the dominant control on the occurrence of an algal bloom. The findings also indicate that in the absence of disturbance other resources, including substrate size, water temperature, and nutrient availability, moderate algal biomass.
Director, Colorado Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046, Mail Stop 415
Denver, CO 80225
In 2016, Colorado Parks and Wildlife identified filamentous algae collected from the main stem White River as Cladophora glomerata, a pervasive nuisance aquatic alga. Excessive levels of filamentous algae can compromise aesthetic quality, limit recreational activities, and have negative effects on aquatic life including strong fluctuations in dissolved oxygen levels and a reduction in overall biodiversity. To increase understanding of the biology of the upper White River Basin in Colorado, identify potential factors promoting or limiting nuisance algal abundance, and outline information to aid in the understanding and protection of water resources, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the White River and Douglas Creek Conservation Districts and the White River Algae Technical Advisory Group, initiated a study to collect and analyze physical, chemical, and biological information for the upper White River Basin. The report describes long-term changes and spatial variations in streamflow and nutrient concentrations and loads in the upper White River Basin and identifies possible nutrient sources in the basin.
Long-term streamflow and nutrient data indicate that conditions in the upper White River Basin have become more favorable to benthic algae over varying timescales. Upward trends in total phosphorus concentrations and loads were found at three sites across the basin from 2000 to 2020. Total phosphorus loads increased around 50 percent, ranging from 18 to 48 pounds per year. Annual estimated concentrations of total phosphorus from 2005 to 2020 were above algal-specific nutrient criteria at the North Fork White River at Buford, Colo., indicating that phosphorus concentrations at this site likely promote algal growth. Discrete concentrations of total phosphorus exceeded algal-specific nutrient criteria on the South Fork and main stem White River during the summer season, though less frequently than samples collected from the North Fork White River. Nitrogen to phosphorus molar ratios collected from July to September indicate movement from colimitation (10–22) to nitrogen limited (less than 13) conditions at the North Fork White River at Buford, Colo. and the South Fork White River at Buford, Colo. starting in 2012. The magnitude of trends in phosphorus loads were generally greater than trends in concentrations across all sites, indicating that the largest changes in concentrations occurred during greater streamflow periods.
At White River above Coal Creek, near Meeker, Colo., significant downward trends in streamflow were found in August and September for mean streamflow (15 and 14 percent per decade, respectively) and 7-day minimum streamflows (23 and 22 percent per decade, respectively). Significant downward trends in annual 7-day minimum streamflows of 24 percent per decade, or 66 percent over the 40-year period of analysis, were also observed. Though not significant based on 90-percent confidence intervals, downward trends in 1-day maximum and mean streamflows in May and June and corresponding increases in April may indicate a shift toward earlier snowmelt runoff, as observed across western North America and the Colorado River Basin. Alteration of the annual hydrograph can influence factors that influence algae including nutrient input and dilution potential, water temperature, dissolved oxygen, light availability, and physical disturbance.
Results from a synoptic-style sampling identified the lower North Fork White River subbasin as a large source of phosphorus to the downstream system. Large increases in phosphorus loads were observed below Marvine Creek. Synoptic samples and samples collected during spring and summer of 2019 and 2020 also show large increases in total nitrogen, orthophosphate, and total phosphorus occurring at the furthest three downstream sites on the White River. To further evaluate sources of nitrogen in the upper White River Basin, the dual isotopic composition of nitrate was compared across four sites. The isotopic compositions of nitrate were all within the expected range of typical soil-derived nitrate, though the same values can also be derived from a mixture of agricultural fertilizer and manure or septic sources.
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U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046, Mail Stop 415
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Bathymetric change analyses document historical patterns of sediment deposition and erosion, providing valuable insight into the sediment dynamics of coastal systems, including pathways of sediment and sediment-bound contaminants. In 2014 and 2015, the Office for Coastal Management, in partnership with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Office of Coastal Management, provided funding for new bathymetric surveys of large portions of San Francisco Bay. A total of 93 bathymetric surveys were conducted during this 2-year period, using a combination of interferometric sidescan and multibeam sonar systems. These data, along with recent NOAA, U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, and private contractor surveys collected from 1999 to 2020 (hereinafter referred to as 2010s), were used to create the most comprehensive bathymetric digital elevation models (DEMs) of San Francisco Bay since the 1980s. Comparing DEMs created from these 2010s surveys with USGS DEMs created from NOAA’s 1971–1990 (hereinafter referred to as 1980s) surveys provides information on the quantities and patterns of erosion and deposition in San Francisco Bay during the 9 to 47 years between surveys. This analysis reveals that in the areas surveyed in both the 1980s and 2010s, the bay floor lost about 34 million cubic meters of sediment since the 1980s. Results from this study can be used to assess how San Francisco Bay has responded to changes in the system, such as sea-level rise and variation in sediment supply from the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta and local tributaries, and supports the creation of a new, system-wide sediment budget. This report provides data on the quantities and patterns of sediment volume change in San Francisco Bay for ecosystem managers that are pertinent to various sediment-related issues, including restoration of tidal marshes, exposure of legacy contaminated sediment, and strategies for the beneficial use of dredged sediment.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20231031","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Regional Monitoring Program for Water Quality in San Francisco Bay","usgsCitation":"Fregoso, T.A., Foxgrover, A.C., and Jaffe, B.E., 2023, Sediment deposition, erosion, and bathymetric change in San Francisco Bay, California, 1971–1990 and 1999–2020 (ver. 1.1, June 2024): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2023–1031, 19 p., https://doi.org/ 10.3133/ ofr20231031.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 19 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"19","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-135389","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":435389,"rank":5,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P1332UUW","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Bathymetric change analysis in San Francisco Bay, California, from 1971 to 2020"},{"id":430608,"rank":4,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1031/versionHist.txt","size":"10.7 KB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}},{"id":415025,"rank":3,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1031/images"},{"id":415024,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1031/ofr20231031.pdf","text":"Report","size":"15.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":415023,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1031/coverthb2.jpg"},{"id":499186,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_114619.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.84417858005195,\n 38.240616044555935\n ],\n [\n -122.84417858005195,\n 37.276937922454465\n ],\n [\n -121.28479077260828,\n 37.276937922454465\n ],\n [\n -121.28479077260828,\n 38.240616044555935\n ],\n [\n -122.84417858005195,\n 38.240616044555935\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0: March 31, 2023; Version 1.1: June 28, 2024","contact":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
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Development of Seismic Source Characterization (SSC) models, which is an essential part of Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analyses (PSHA), can help forecast the temporal and spatial distribution of future damaging earthquakes (\uD835\uDC40w≥ 5) in seismically active regions. Because it is impossible to associate all earthquakes with known faults, seismic source models for PSHA often include sources of diffuse seismicity in which future earthquake scenarios are not localized on mapped faults. These sources of diffuse seismicity are referred to as area source zones, distributed seismicity zones, or just source zones. During the early years of PSHA studies, it was assumed that earthquakes in seismotectonic zones have (1) uniform spatial distribution, (2) Poisson temporal distribution, and (3) exponential magnitude distribution (NRC, 2012). In seismically active regions (e.g., the Western United States), where active faults are readily identified, models of the spatial distribution of earthquakes include both the fault source geometries and the distributed seismicity (background) source zones. Source characterization of active faults is complemented by paleoseismic studies with estimates of earthquake magnitudes, dates of occurrences, and slip rates, which provide important information for PSHA studies.
In the Central and Eastern United States (CEUS) very few Quaternary-active faults have the requisite information for use in PSHA (i.e., fault geometry and dimensions, event rates or slip rates, etc.), and we lack knowledge about the causative faults for most observed seismicity in the region. As a result, area source zones are frequently used in site-specific PSHA in the CEUS to represent diffuse seismicity that cannot be associated with faults. However, there are examples of active fault sources in the CEUS, such as the Meers fault, the Cheraw fault, and New Madrid region, where individual faults can be characterized.
The source characterization models for background seismicity are based, to a large extent, on an assumption that spatial distribution of historical and recorded seismicity will not change substantially for time periods of interest for PSHA (approximately the next 50-100 years for engineered structures). Furthermore, studies such as those by Kafka (2007, 2009) found a correlation between the locations of small- to moderate-magnitude earthquakes and the locations of large-magnitude earthquakes, indicating that we can, with some level of confidence, use the spatial pattern of smaller earthquakes to forecast the future pattern of damaging earthquakes.
Within background seismicity zones, the earthquake rate forecast is developed using spatial smoothing of the small to moderate magnitude events in earthquake catalogs. Different methodologies are used for this purpose and can predict varying distributions of seismicity rates. This in turn affects the results of a seismic hazard analysis. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) use different methods for computing spatially smoothed seismicity rates in the CEUS; the USGS uses kernel-based spatial smoothing methods in developing the National Seismic Hazard Model (NSHM), and the method adopted in the Central and Eastern United States Seismic Source Characterization (CEUS-SSC) project is used when evaluating seismic hazard for nuclear power plant siting. These methods are described and the impact on seismic hazard are evaluated in this Research Information Letter (RIL).
Another important input to estimating the rate of distributed seismicity is event magnitudes listed in earthquake catalogs. A substantial source of uncertainty in catalogs is the magnitude assigned to a given earthquake. Numerous different magnitude types exist, with each magnitude type computed in a different way. Therefore, for the sake of consistency, both the CEUS-SSC and the USGS NSHM have attempted to assemble a complete catalog with a uniform magnitude determination. To this end, moment magnitude, \uD835\uDC40w, which is a physics-based measurement, has been adopted as the standard. However, \uD835\uDC40w was not computed routinely until the past few decades. To address this issue, the CEUS-SSC conducted extensive analyses to determine conversion equations from which to take a routinely computed network (e.g., \uD835\uDC40L or \uD835\uDC5AbLg ) and convert it into \uD835\uDC40w. Another issue with using \uD835\uDC40w is that it becomes increasingly difficult to compute for earthquakes with \uD835\uDC40 less than ~4.
This study investigates the effects of moment magnitude estimation and spatial smoothing methods on estimation of the earthquake rate forecast and on seismic hazard. We investigate the validity of the magnitude conversion equations and their associated uncertainties by applying them to a case study for induced earthquakes in southern Kansas and northern Oklahoma, and summarize the use of the decay of the seismic coda to estimate \uD835\uDC40w for small earthquakes (\uD835\uDC40w < 4. Furthermore, the study documents a comparison and assessment of background seismicity smoothing methods implemented by the USGS for the NSHM and used by the CEUS-SSC for siting nuclear facilities based on probabilistic seismic hazard estimates from multiple source zones in the CEUS and for multiple sites.
","language":"English","publisher":"Nuclear Regulatory Commission","usgsCitation":"Anooshehpoor, R., Weaver, T., Ake, J., Munson, C., Moschetti, M.P., Shelly, D.R., and Powers, P.M., 2023, Magnitude conversion and earthquake recurrence rate models for the central and eastern United States: Research Information Letter 2023-03, 81 p.","productDescription":"81 p.","ipdsId":"IP-148166","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":415346,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":415324,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://adamswebsearch2.nrc.gov/webSearch2/main.jsp?AccessionNumber=ML23073A370","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"central and eastern United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -115,\n 50\n ],\n [\n -115,\n 25\n ],\n [\n -65,\n 25\n ],\n [\n -65,\n 50\n ],\n [\n -115,\n 50\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anooshehpoor, Rasool","contributorId":303980,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anooshehpoor","given":"Rasool","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":34771,"text":"Nuclear Regulatory Commission","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":868790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weaver, Thomas","contributorId":303981,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Weaver","given":"Thomas","affiliations":[{"id":34771,"text":"Nuclear Regulatory Commission","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":868791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ake, Jon","contributorId":303982,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ake","given":"Jon","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":34771,"text":"Nuclear Regulatory Commission","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":868792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Munson, Cliff","contributorId":303983,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Munson","given":"Cliff","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":34771,"text":"Nuclear Regulatory Commission","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":868793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Moschetti, Morgan P. 0000-0001-7261-0295 mmoschetti@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7261-0295","contributorId":1662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moschetti","given":"Morgan","email":"mmoschetti@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":868794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Shelly, David R. 0000-0003-2783-5158 dshelly@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2783-5158","contributorId":206750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shelly","given":"David","email":"dshelly@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":868795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Powers, Peter M. 0000-0003-2124-6184 pmpowers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2124-6184","contributorId":176814,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powers","given":"Peter","email":"pmpowers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":868796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70255002,"text":"70255002 - 2023 - Using decision analysis to determine the feasibility of a conservation translocation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-11T15:23:15.270351","indexId":"70255002","displayToPublicDate":"2023-03-31T10:19:32","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":14243,"text":"Decision Analysis","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using decision analysis to determine the feasibility of a conservation translocation","docAbstract":"Conservation translocations, intentional movements of species to protect against extinction, have become widespread in recent decades and are projected to increase further as biodiversity loss continues worldwide. The literature abounds with analyses to inform translocations and assess whether they are successful, but the fundamental question of whether they should be initiated at all is rarely addressed formally. We used decision analysis to assess northern leopard frog reintroduction in northern Idaho, with success defined as a population that persists for at least 50 years. The Idaho Department of Fish and Game was the decision maker (i.e., the agency that will use this assessment to inform their decisions). Stakeholders from government, indigenous groups, academia, land management agencies, and conservation organizations also participated. We built an age-structured population model to predict how management alternatives would affect probability of success. In the model, we explicitly represented epistemic uncertainty around a success criterion (probability of persistence) characterized by aleatory uncertainty. For the leading alternative, the mean probability of persistence was 40%. The distribution of the modelling results was bimodal, with most parameter combinations resulting in either very low (<5%) or relatively high (>95%) probabilities of success. Along with other considerations, including cost, the Idaho Department of Fish and Game will use this assessment to inform a decision regarding reintroduction of northern leopard frogs. Conservation translocations may benefit greatly from more widespread use of decision analysis to counter the complexity and uncertainty inherent in these decisions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Informs","doi":"10.1287/deca.2023.0472","usgsCitation":"Keating, L., Randall, L., Stanton, R., McCormack, C., Lucid, M., Seaborn, T., Converse, S.J., Canessa, S., and Moehrenschlager, A., 2023, Using decision analysis to determine the feasibility of a conservation translocation: Decision Analysis, v. 20, no. 4, p. 295-310, https://doi.org/10.1287/deca.2023.0472.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"295","endPage":"310","ipdsId":"IP-142737","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":443992,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2434/1040192","text":"External Repository"},{"id":429880,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keating, Laura","contributorId":338249,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Keating","given":"Laura","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":81105,"text":"Wilder Institute/Calgary Zoo","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":903054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Randall, Lea","contributorId":338250,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Randall","given":"Lea","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":81105,"text":"Wilder Institute/Calgary Zoo","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":903055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stanton, Rebecca","contributorId":338251,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stanton","given":"Rebecca","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":81105,"text":"Wilder Institute/Calgary Zoo","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":903056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McCormack, Casey","contributorId":338252,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McCormack","given":"Casey","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36224,"text":"Idaho Department of Fish and Game","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":903057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lucid, Michael","contributorId":338253,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lucid","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":81108,"text":"Selkirk Wildlife Science, LLC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":903058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Seaborn, Travis","contributorId":338254,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Seaborn","given":"Travis","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36394,"text":"University of Idaho","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":903059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Converse, Sarah J. 0000-0002-3719-5441 sconverse@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3719-5441","contributorId":173772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Converse","given":"Sarah","email":"sconverse@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":903060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Canessa, Stefano","contributorId":149295,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Canessa","given":"Stefano","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13336,"text":"University of Melbourne","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":903133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Moehrenschlager, Axel","contributorId":338100,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moehrenschlager","given":"Axel","affiliations":[{"id":56586,"text":"czs","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":903134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70263433,"text":"70263433 - 2023 - The new Self Anchored Suspension (SAS) Bridge of the San Francisco Bay Bridge System: A preliminary study of its response and behavior during a small earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-02-11T15:25:05.142851","indexId":"70263433","displayToPublicDate":"2023-03-31T09:20:07","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2467,"text":"Journal of Structural Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The new Self Anchored Suspension (SAS) Bridge of the San Francisco Bay Bridge System: A preliminary study of its response and behavior during a small earthquake","docAbstract":"Seismic behavior and performance of the new Self- Anchored Suspension (SAS) Bridge of the San Francisco Bay Bridge System is studied using response data recorded during the October 14, 2019, \uD835\uDC40\uD835\uDC644.6 Pleasant Hill earthquake. The new bridge went into service within the last decade as a replacement for the older truss bridge that spanned between Yerba Buena Island and East Bay. During the October 19, 1989, M6.9 Loma Prieta earthquake, which occurred ∼100 km away from the Bay Bridge, a section of the upper deck of the old truss bridge fell onto the lower deck—thus closing this important lifeline between San Francisco and East Bay. The new SAS Bridge (as well as the rest of the Bay Bridge) is instrumented by the California Strong Motion Instrumentation Program (CSMIP). The unique SAS Bridge is suspended by a single tower that is pivotal in trafficking the cable and hanger system to support the eastbound (E) and westbound (W) decks. At both the west and east ends of the SAS, there is a hinge system that connects the W and E decks to the skyways leading to highways. For the west side, the SAS is led to a tunnel at Yerba Buena Island. The response data analyses highlight the complex and yet identifiable coupled response of the deck, tower, and cable system. Using system identification methods including spectral analyses of both acceleration and displacement time history data, the fundamental frequencies (periods) and critical damping percentages are extracted for the main components (tower, deck, and cables) of the bridge where the sensors are deployed. Frequencies (periods) are then compared with the values computed during the design and analysis process of the bridge. The analyses in this paper showed that there is strong evidence of a beating effect attributed to low critical damping percentages and coupled modes. A possible correlation of fundamental periods of such suspension bridges with their span lengths is discussed. The beating effect and period versus span length can be significant topics for further research.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Civil Engineering","doi":"10.1061/JSENDH.STENG-11725","usgsCitation":"Celebi, M., 2023, The new Self Anchored Suspension (SAS) Bridge of the San Francisco Bay Bridge System: A preliminary study of its response and behavior during a small earthquake: Journal of Structural Engineering, v. 149, no. 6, 05023003, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.1061/JSENDH.STENG-11725.","productDescription":"05023003, 12 p.","ipdsId":"IP-138272","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488064,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1061/jsendh.steng-11725","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":481928,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay Bridge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.30992911723865,\n 37.83469490117358\n ],\n [\n -122.36848380330268,\n 37.83469490117358\n ],\n [\n -122.36848380330268,\n 37.80847229984835\n ],\n [\n -122.30992911723865,\n 37.80847229984835\n ],\n [\n -122.30992911723865,\n 37.83469490117358\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"149","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Celebi, Mehmet 0000-0002-4769-7357 celebi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4769-7357","contributorId":200969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Celebi","given":"Mehmet","email":"celebi@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":926975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70263877,"text":"70263877 - 2023 - Drivers and timing of grass carp movement within the Sandusky River, Ohio: Implications to potential spawning barrier response strategy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-02-27T14:48:12.355469","indexId":"70263877","displayToPublicDate":"2023-03-31T08:41:37","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1018,"text":"Biological Invasions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Drivers and timing of grass carp movement within the Sandusky River, Ohio: Implications to potential spawning barrier response strategy","docAbstract":"Understanding the timing and drivers of migration can be beneficial for improving response efforts aimed at reducing invasive species densities. Efforts by management agencies to remove grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), an invasive species to the Laurentian Great Lakes, have been ongoing in Lake Erie tributaries since 2018. To bolster efforts, deployment of a non-physical barrier has been proposed downstream of a known grass carp spawning location near Brady’s Island (BI) in the Sandusky River, OH, USA to limit recruitment. However, knowledge of grass carp migratory timing, the environmental variables that cue carp migration, and the potential effects the barrier might impose on native fish [e.g., walleye (Sander vitreus)] movements would help inform barrier deployment and scheduling. We used detection data from grass carp (n = 29) and walleye (n = 84) tagged with acoustic transmitters to address four objectives: (1) quantify interannual variation (years = 2015–2021) of grass carp migration timing to BI; (2) evaluate timing of different grass carp movement modalities (residents and migrants); (3) assess overlap in migration timing with native walleye, and (4) evaluate environmental cues of grass carp migration to BI. Median grass carp arrival at BI occurred within a three-week period (148–165 Julian days), suggesting that deploying a barrier immediately prior to this time frame may be effective for deterring grass carp spawning. Temperature, photoperiod, and discharge influenced grass carp migration timing given that most arrival events occurred at daylengths > 14.5 h, temperatures exceeding 18 °C, and low discharge events (< 3,000 cubic feet second−1 [CFS]). Minimal interannual variability in migration timing existed for grass carp and walleye over a six-year period. However, the median departure time of walleye was more than 45 days before the median arrival time of grass carp, suggesting a spawning barrier may minimally affect walleye spawning. No differences in arrival timing at BI were observed between grass carp migratory contingents, indicating that if a barrier were deployed in the spring, it would likely affect all grass carp spatial contingents. This work highlights management implications of barrier control efforts of aquatic invasive species and provides insight into the environmental cues that grass carp use for upstream migration.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10530-023-03049-9","usgsCitation":"Bopp, J., Brenden, T.O., Faust, M., Vandergoot, C., Kraus, R., Roberts, J., and Nathan, L., 2023, Drivers and timing of grass carp movement within the Sandusky River, Ohio: Implications to potential spawning barrier response strategy: Biological Invasions, v. 25, p. 2439-2459, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-023-03049-9.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"2439","endPage":"2459","ipdsId":"IP-140268","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":482553,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Ohio","otherGeospatial":"Sandusky River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.5,\n 41.6\n ],\n [\n -83.5,\n 41.6\n ],\n [\n -83.5,\n 41.3\n ],\n [\n -82.5,\n 41.3\n ],\n [\n -82.5,\n 41.6\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"25","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bopp, Justin","contributorId":340933,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bopp","given":"Justin","affiliations":[{"id":6601,"text":"Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":928798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brenden, Travis O.","contributorId":126759,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brenden","given":"Travis","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":6596,"text":"Quantitative Fisheries Center, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":928799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Faust, Matthew D.","contributorId":348473,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Faust","given":"Matthew D.","affiliations":[{"id":13589,"text":"Ohio DNR","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":928800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vandergoot, Christopher","contributorId":351529,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vandergoot","given":"Christopher","affiliations":[{"id":84005,"text":"Michigan State University/GLATOS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":928801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kraus, Richard 0000-0003-4494-1841","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4494-1841","contributorId":216548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kraus","given":"Richard","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":928803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Roberts, James 0000-0002-4193-610X jroberts@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4193-610X","contributorId":5453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roberts","given":"James","email":"jroberts@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":928802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Nathan, Lucas","contributorId":351530,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nathan","given":"Lucas","affiliations":[{"id":36986,"text":"Michigan Department of Natural Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":928804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70242013,"text":"70242013 - 2023 - The Everglades vulnerability analysis: Linking ecological models to support ecosystem restoration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-08T14:48:49.884131","indexId":"70242013","displayToPublicDate":"2023-03-31T07:08:43","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3910,"text":"Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution","onlineIssn":"2296-701X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Everglades vulnerability analysis: Linking ecological models to support ecosystem restoration","docAbstract":"Understanding of the Everglades’ ecological vulnerabilities and restoration needs has advanced over the past decade but has not been applied in an integrated manner. To address this need, we developed the Everglades Vulnerability Analysis (EVA), a decision support tool that uses modular Bayesian networks to predict the ecological outcomes of a subset of the ecosystem’s health indicators. This tool takes advantage of the extensive modeling work already done in the Everglades and synthesizes information across indicators of ecosystem health to forecast long-term, landscape-scale changes. In addition, the tool can predict indicator vulnerability through comparison to user-defined ideal system states that can vary in the level of certainty of outcomes. An integrated understanding of the Everglades system is essential for evaluation of trade-offs at local, regional, and system-wide scales. Through EVA, Everglades restoration decision makers can provide effective guidance during restoration planning and implementation processes to mitigate unintended consequences that could result in further damage to the Everglades system.
In the present study, we evaluate the temporal variability in runup and total water level for sandy beaches along Cape Cod (Massachusetts, USA), and their impact on dune and beach erosion. We use a 43-year hindcast of waves and water levels and calculate runup and total water level based on the Stockdon formulation using previously extracted beach slopes. The dominant components of the runup are identified and their temporal variability evaluated. The seasonal and interannual variability of total water level is evaluated. For most locations along the outer Cape Cod coast, the comparison between total water level and dune elevations suggested that the coastal response remained predominantly under swash regime. The results over these study locations could be extended to other similar areas at regional scales to provide better characterization of total water level and coastal change at long temporal scales.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"The proceedings of the coastal sediments 2023","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Coastal Sediments 2023","conferenceDate":"April 11-15, 2023","conferenceLocation":"New Orleans, LA","language":"English","publisher":"World Scientific","doi":"10.1142/9789811275135_0024","usgsCitation":"Aretxabaleta, A., Sherwood, C.R., Blanton, B., Over, J.R., Traykovski, P.A., and Sogut, E., 2023, Temporal variability of runup and total water level on Cape Cod sandy beaches, in The proceedings of the coastal sediments 2023, New Orleans, LA, April 11-15, 2023, p. 267-281, https://doi.org/10.1142/9789811275135_0024.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"267","endPage":"281","ipdsId":"IP-142382","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":416230,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","otherGeospatial":"Cape Cod","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -70.6829885324346,\n 42.11339300926423\n ],\n [\n -70.6829885324346,\n 41.483021409405666\n ],\n [\n -69.82916879983807,\n 41.483021409405666\n ],\n [\n -69.82916879983807,\n 42.11339300926423\n ],\n [\n -70.6829885324346,\n 42.11339300926423\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-03-23","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Aretxabaleta, Alfredo 0000-0002-9914-8018 aaretxabaleta@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9914-8018","contributorId":140090,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aretxabaleta","given":"Alfredo","email":"aaretxabaleta@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":870462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sherwood, Christopher R. 0000-0001-6135-3553 csherwood@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6135-3553","contributorId":2866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherwood","given":"Christopher","email":"csherwood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":870463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blanton, B.O.","contributorId":304434,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Blanton","given":"B.O.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":66069,"text":"Renaissance Computing Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":870464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Over, Jin-Si R. 0000-0001-6753-7185 jover@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6753-7185","contributorId":260178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Over","given":"Jin-Si","email":"jover@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":870465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Traykovski, Peter A. 0000-0002-8163-6857","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8163-6857","contributorId":69487,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Traykovski","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6706,"text":"Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution,","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":870466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sogut, Erdinc 0000-0002-8291-9429","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8291-9429","contributorId":304424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sogut","given":"Erdinc","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":870467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70242804,"text":"70242804 - 2023 - Fusing geophysical and remotely sensed data for observing overwash occurrence, frequency, and impact","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-08T14:49:26.09138","indexId":"70242804","displayToPublicDate":"2023-03-31T06:59:58","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Fusing geophysical and remotely sensed data for observing overwash occurrence, frequency, and impact","docAbstract":"Overwash is an important process that enables a barrier island to migrate landward to adapt to rising sea levels but can also impact vegetated areas and create coastal hazards for populated barrier islands. Our overall objectives were to hindcast overwash events from September 2008 to November 2009 and assess whether overwash impacts could be detected using moderate-resolution imagery (30 m). Estimates of wave and still water levels can be benchmarked against morphological characteristics from elevation datasets to predict overwash events. These observations can be combined with optical remote sensing data used to monitor for changes in vegetation greenness over time to evaluate potential impacts from overwash. This study highlighted how physical-based overwash data can be paired with observations of greenness. The results from our study highlighted that a discernable drop in greenness can be detected for major hurricanes, such as Hurricane Gustav in 2008, with a weaker signal observed for smaller magnitude events in 2009 like Hurricane Ida. Tracking overwash impacts to vegetation can be helpful for observing impacts to vegetation associated with restoration efforts and advancing our understanding of general overwash impacts and recovery.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"The proceedings of the coastal sediments 2023","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"World Scientific","doi":"10.1142/9789811275135_0203","collaboration":"The Water Institute of the Gulf, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Enwright, N., Dalyander, P., Jenkins, R.L., Godsey, E.S., and Stelly, S.J., 2023, Fusing geophysical and remotely sensed data for observing overwash occurrence, frequency, and impact, in The proceedings of the coastal sediments 2023, p. 2206-2219, https://doi.org/10.1142/9789811275135_0203.","productDescription":"14 p.; Data Release","startPage":"2206","endPage":"2219","ipdsId":"IP-147117","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":415994,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":417818,"rank":2,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9A19Q8J"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-03-23","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Enwright, Nicholas 0000-0002-7887-3261","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7887-3261","contributorId":217781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Enwright","given":"Nicholas","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":869824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dalyander, P. Soupy 0000-0001-9583-0872","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9583-0872","contributorId":221891,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dalyander","given":"P. Soupy","affiliations":[{"id":40456,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center (Former Employee)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":869825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jenkins, Robert L 0000-0002-9163-7773 rljenkins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9163-7773","contributorId":304231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenkins","given":"Robert","email":"rljenkins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":869826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Godsey, Elizabeth S.","contributorId":304232,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Godsey","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":590,"text":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","active":false,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":869827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stelly, Spencer J. 0000-0003-1050-1733","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1050-1733","contributorId":215852,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stelly","given":"Spencer","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":39319,"text":"Student Services Contractor at the U.S. Geological Survey Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":869828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70242031,"text":"70242031 - 2023 - The pathogenesis of a 2022 North American highly pathogenic clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 avian influenza virus in mallards (Anas platyrhynchos)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-09T15:11:46.418565","indexId":"70242031","displayToPublicDate":"2023-03-31T06:47:37","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":949,"text":"Avian Pathology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"The pathogenesis of a 2022 North American highly pathogenic clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 avian influenza virus in mallards (Anas platyrhynchos)","title":"The pathogenesis of a 2022 North American highly pathogenic clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 avian influenza virus in mallards (Anas platyrhynchos)","docAbstract":"Highly pathogenic (HP) avian influenza viruses (AIVs) of the clade 2.3.4.4 goose/Guangdong/1996 H5 lineage continue to be a problem in poultry and wild birds in much of the world. The recent incursion of a H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b HP AIV from this lineage into North America has resulted in widespread outbreaks in poultry and consistent detections of the virus across diverse families of birds and occasionally mammals. To characterize the pathobiology of this virus in mallards (Anas platyrhynchos), which are a primary reservoir of AIV, a challenge study was conducted with 2 week-old birds. The 50% bird infectious dose was determined to be <2 log10 50% egg infectious doses (EID50) and all exposed ducks, including ducks co-housed with inoculated ducks, were infected. Infection appeared to be subclinical for 58.8% (20/34) of the ducks, 1 duck was lethargic, about 20% developed neurological signs and were euthanized, and 18% developed corneal opacity. The mallards shed virus by both the oral and cloacal routes within 24-48hr post-infection. Oral shedding substantially decreased by 6-7 days post-infection, but 65% of the ducks continued to shed virus cloacally through 14 days post-exposure (DPE) for the direct inoculate and 13DPE for contact exposed ducks. Based on the high transmissibility, high virus shed titers, and mild-to-moderate disease, mallards could serve as efficient reservoirs to amplify and disseminate recent North American clade 2.3.4.4b viruses.
Benthic invertebrate (BI) surveys have been widely used to characterize freshwater environmental quality but can be challenging to implement at desired spatial scales and frequency. Environmental DNA (eDNA) allows an alternative BI survey approach, one that can potentially be implemented more rapidly and cheaply than traditional methods.
We evaluated eDNA analogs of BI metrics in the Potomac River watershed of the eastern United States. We first compared arthropod diversity detected with primers targeting mitochondrial 16S (mt16S) and cytochrome c oxidase 1 (cox1 or COI) loci to that detected by manual surveys conducted in parallel. We then evaluated spatial and temporal variation in arthropod diversity metrics with repeated sampling in three focal parks. We also investigated technical factors such as filter type used to capture eDNA and PCR inhibition treatment.
Our results indicate that genus-level assessment of eDNA compositions is achievable at both loci with modest technical noise, although database gaps remain substantial at mt16S for regional taxa. While the specific taxa identified by eDNA did not strongly overlap with paired manual surveys, some metrics derived from eDNA compositions were rank-correlated with previously derived biological indices of environmental quality. Repeated sampling revealed statistical differences between high- and low-quality sites based on taxonomic diversity, functional diversity, and tolerance scores weighted by taxon proportions in transformed counts. We conclude that eDNA compositions are efficient and informative of stream condition. Further development and validation of scoring schemes analogous to commonly used biological indices should allow increased application of the approach to management needs.
","language":"English","publisher":"PeerJ","doi":"10.7717/peerj.15163","usgsCitation":"Aunins, A.W., Mueller, S.J., Fike, J., and Cornman, R.S., 2023, Assessing arthropod diversity metrics derived from stream environmental DNA: Spatiotemporal variation and paired comparisons with manual sampling: PeerJ, v. 11, e15163, 34 p., https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.15163.","productDescription":"e15163, 34 p.","ipdsId":"IP-146615","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":444004,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.15163","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":435391,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9NNZNVH","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Metabarcode sequencing of aquatic environmental DNA from the Potomac River Watershed, 2015-2020"},{"id":415048,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Aunins, Aaron W. 0000-0001-5240-1453 aaunins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5240-1453","contributorId":5863,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aunins","given":"Aaron","email":"aaunins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":868369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mueller, Sara J.","contributorId":303889,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mueller","given":"Sara","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":7260,"text":"Pennsylvania State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":868370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fike, Jennifer A. 0000-0001-8797-7823","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8797-7823","contributorId":207268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fike","given":"Jennifer A.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":868371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cornman, Robert S. 0000-0001-9511-2192 rcornman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9511-2192","contributorId":5356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cornman","given":"Robert","email":"rcornman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":868372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70250034,"text":"70250034 - 2023 - Holocene vegetation dynamics of circum-Arctic permafrost peatlands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-14T12:41:20.098431","indexId":"70250034","displayToPublicDate":"2023-03-31T06:40:10","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3219,"text":"Quaternary Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Holocene vegetation dynamics of circum-Arctic permafrost peatlands","docAbstract":"Vegetation shifts in circum-Arctic permafrost peatlands drive feedbacks with important consequences for peatland carbon budgets and the extent of permafrost thaw under changing climate. Recent shrub expansion across Arctic tundra environments has led to an increase in above-ground biomass, but the long-term spatiotemporal dynamics of shrub and tree growth in circum-Arctic peatlands remain unquantified. We investigate changes in peatland vegetation composition during the Holocene using previously-published plant macrofossil records from 76 sites across the circum-Arctic permafrost zone. In particular, we assess evidence for peatland shrubification at the continental scale. We identify increasing abundance of woody vegetation in circum-Arctic peatlands from ∼8000 years BP to present, coinciding with declining herbaceous vegetation and widespread Sphagnum expansion. Ecosystem shifts varied between regions and present-day permafrost zones, with late-Holocene shrubification most pronounced where permafrost coverage is presently discontinuous and sporadic. After ∼600 years BP, we find a proliferation of non-Sphagnum mosses in Fennoscandia and across the present-day continuous permafrost zone; and rapid expansion of Sphagnum in regions of discontinuous and isolated permafrost as expected following widespread fen-bog succession, which coincided with declining woody vegetation in eastern and western Canada. Since ∼200 years BP, both shrub expansion and decline were identified at different sites across the pan-Arctic, highlighting the complex ecological responses of circum-Arctic peatlands to post-industrial climate warming and permafrost degradation. Our results suggest that shrubification of circum-Arctic peatlands has primarily occurred alongside surface drying, resulting from Holocene climate shifts, autogenic peat accumulation, and permafrost aggradation. Future shrubification of circum-Arctic peatlands under 21st century climate change will likely be spatially heterogeneous, and be most prevalent where dry microforms persist.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2023.108055","usgsCitation":"Fewster, R., Morris, P., Swindles, G.T., Ivanovic, R.F., Treat, C.C., and Jones, M.C., 2023, Holocene vegetation dynamics of circum-Arctic permafrost peatlands: Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 307, 108055, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2023.108055.","productDescription":"108055, 15 p.","ipdsId":"IP-146288","costCenters":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":444007,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2023.108055","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":422567,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"307","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fewster, Richard","contributorId":303160,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fewster","given":"Richard","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":65673,"text":"School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":888057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morris, Paul J.","contributorId":331549,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Morris","given":"Paul J.","affiliations":[{"id":13344,"text":"University of Leeds","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":888058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Swindles, Graeme T.","contributorId":220282,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Swindles","given":"Graeme","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":888059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ivanovic, Ruza F.","contributorId":331552,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ivanovic","given":"Ruza","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":13344,"text":"University of Leeds","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":888060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Treat, Claire C.","contributorId":150798,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Treat","given":"Claire","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":18105,"text":"University of New Hampshire, Durham","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":888061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jones, Miriam C. 0000-0002-6650-7619","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6650-7619","contributorId":257239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Miriam","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":888062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70242810,"text":"70242810 - 2023 - Soil medium and watering frequency alter growth and allocation for Blue Diamond cholla (Cylindropuntia multigeniculata), a rare cactus of the northeast Mojave Desert, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-19T11:34:57.506219","indexId":"70242810","displayToPublicDate":"2023-03-31T06:32:08","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":7499,"text":"Native Plants Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Soil medium and watering frequency alter growth and allocation for Blue Diamond cholla (Cylindropuntia multigeniculata), a rare cactus of the northeast Mojave Desert, USA","docAbstract":"Blue Diamond cholla (Cylindropuntia multigeniculata (Clokey) Blackb. [Cactaceae]) is a rare cactus of the Mojave Desert. We explored whether cultivation from joint cuttings is a viable method for supporting threatened populations. Terminal joints were collected from adult plants at the type locality and grown in a shade house: We tested whether 2 soil mixes that varied in the ratio of inorganic and organic components (50:50 compared to 85:15) and 2 watering frequencies (250 ml every 5 d compared to 500 ml every 10 d) promote root growth important to outplanting survival. Plants grown from joint cuttings in the 50:50 soil had greater shoot and root biomass, produced more joint segments, and had higher initial and final survivorship over the 5-mo study. Neither soil nor watering treatments shifted biomass allocation to roots as hypothesized, but frequent watering produced longer roots, which may benefit reintroduced plants by assisting root access to deep soil moisture. Despite their vigor during collection, freshly cut joints rapidly declined in condition, resulting in approximately 50% mortality during the first month of the study. Initial mortality was not explained by the identity, condition, or size of the maternal plant. Prior-year weather patterns and collection procedures may influence quality and durability of joint cuttings and require further study. While larger plants were produced from the 50:50 mix, and root length was increased by frequent watering, reintroduction of nursery-grown plants will indicate whether such treatments aid establishment in the dry habitat where this species occurs.
","language":"English","publisher":"University of Wisconsin Press","doi":"10.3368/npj.24.1.4","usgsCitation":"Scoles-Sciulla, S.J., Stosich, A., and DeFalco, L., 2023, Soil medium and watering frequency alter growth and allocation for Blue Diamond cholla (Cylindropuntia multigeniculata), a rare cactus of the northeast Mojave Desert, USA: Native Plants Journal, v. 24, no. 1, p. 4-17, https://doi.org/10.3368/npj.24.1.4.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"4","endPage":"17","ipdsId":"IP-149550","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":498864,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3368/npj.24.1.4","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":415988,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Northeast Mojave Desert","volume":"24","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-04-17","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scoles-Sciulla, Sara J. 0000-0003-1693-5030 sscoles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1693-5030","contributorId":2614,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scoles-Sciulla","given":"Sara","email":"sscoles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":869845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stosich, Alexander","contributorId":304238,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stosich","given":"Alexander","affiliations":[{"id":24583,"text":"former USGS employee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":869846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"DeFalco, Lesley A. 0000-0002-7542-9261","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7542-9261","contributorId":208658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeFalco","given":"Lesley A.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":869847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70242847,"text":"70242847 - 2023 - Ediacaran-Ordovician magmatism and REE mineralization in the Wet Mountains, Colorado, USA: Implications for failed continental rifting","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-20T12:03:48.647713","indexId":"70242847","displayToPublicDate":"2023-03-30T06:56:07","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3524,"text":"Tectonics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ediacaran-Ordovician magmatism and REE mineralization in the Wet Mountains, Colorado, USA: Implications for failed continental rifting","docAbstract":"Structures associated with Ediacaran-Ordovician alkaline magmatism and the timing of rare earth element (REE) mineralization in the Wet Mountains, CO, were analyzed using field, geophysical, and U-Th-Pb isotope methods to interpret their tectonic setting in the context of previously proposed rift models. The Wet Mountains are known for thorium and REE mineralization associated with failed rift-related, Ediacaran-Ordovician alkaline intrusions and veins. Structural field data indicate that alkaline dikes and mineralized veins are controlled by a system of northwest-striking, high-angle faults and tension fractures formed in a 040°-directed extensional regime. Magnetic and surface expressions of Democrat Creek and McClure Mountain complexes show tectonic elongation toward ∼045°, consistent with NE-directed extension. Magnetic data also suggest the existence of a fourth, previously unrecognized mafic-ultramafic complex of inferred Cambrian age with a similar elongated orientation. Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) 208Pb/232Th analysis of low-uranium zircon from carbonatite dikes and in situ 206Pb/238U LA-ICP-MS analysis of monazite in mineralized dikes yielded 465 ± 18 Ma and 489 ± 33 Ma ages, respectively. These ages are consistent with the expected age based on slightly older, cross-cut syenite dikes and the hypothesized Ordovician end to failed rift-related magmatism. The Ediacaran-Ordovician age of alkaline magmatic rocks and the associated northeast-directed extension direction are similar to those of the along-strike, Ediacaran-Cambrian Southern Oklahoma Aulacogen. Therefore, the failed rift system in the Wet Mountains is interpreted to be a northwestern continuation of the Southern Oklahoma Aulacogen with carbonatite magmatism and thorium/REE mineralization representing late intrusive phases.
In the United States, National Park Service Civil War battlefield units are managed for both historical accuracy (i.e., to represent landscape conditions at the time of the conflict for historical interpretation), and for natural resource protection. However, managing for both goals can create conflicts as many battlefields were largely open or in second growth forests historically, but now harbor significant forest resources after more than 100 years of preservation. Managing for historical accuracy therefore may require maintenance of the landscape in a successional stage out of phase with the current landscape. We use historical landscape maps and current high-resolution forest structure data derived from lidar to examine tradeoffs in returning the landscape of a major Civil War battlefield (Wilderness Battlefield) to conditions present at the time of the battle. We demonstrate that National Park battlefield units can harbor significant forest resources in contrast to the surrounding landscape, especially in areas of intense commercial, urban, and suburban development. Managing for or restoring landscapes to historical conditions could have important ecological implications.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/rec.13911","usgsCitation":"Young, J.A., and Mahan, C., 2023, Assessing tradeoffs between current and desired vegetation condition in a National Park using historical maps and high resolution lidar data: Restoration Ecology, v. 31, no. 5, e13911, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.13911.","productDescription":"e13911, 8 p.","ipdsId":"IP-145189","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":444014,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/rec.13911","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":415154,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-05-02","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Young, John A. 0000-0002-4500-3673 jyoung@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4500-3673","contributorId":3777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"John","email":"jyoung@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":868511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mahan, Carolyn","contributorId":303907,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mahan","given":"Carolyn","affiliations":[{"id":65925,"text":"Pennsylvania State University - Altoona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":868510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70242726,"text":"70242726 - 2023 - The invasive plant data landscape: A synthesis of spatial data and applications for research and management in the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-04T14:44:29.657111","indexId":"70242726","displayToPublicDate":"2023-03-30T06:35:05","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2602,"text":"Landscape Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The invasive plant data landscape: A synthesis of spatial data and applications for research and management in the United States","docAbstract":"An increase in the number and availability of datasets cataloging invasive plant distributions offers opportunities to expand our understanding, monitoring, and management of invasives across spatial scales. These datasets, created using on-the-ground observations and modeling techniques, are made both for and by researchers and managers.
The large number and variety of data types and associated datasets can be difficult to navigate, require high levels of data literacy, and can overwhelm the intended end-users. By providing a synthesis of available data types and datasets, this work may facilitate data understanding and use among researchers and managers.
We synthesize types of invasive plant distribution data sources, highlighting publicly available datasets and their potential applications and limitations for research and management.
Eight data types and their potential applications for research and management are described. We also describe gaps in current invasive species distribution data usability and outline a path forward for improving the use of invasive plant data in future research and management.
Accessible and usable invasive plant spatial data are needed for developing landscape scale analysis and management plans. By synthesizing the invasive plant data available, with examples and limitations for application, this work will serve as a guide to facilitate appropriate and efficient data choices in current and future research and management.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10980-023-01623-z","usgsCitation":"Fusco, E.J., Beaury, E.M., Bradley, B., Cox, M., Jarnevich, C.S., Mahood, A.L., Nagy, R.C., Nietupski, T., and Halofsky, J.E., 2023, The invasive plant data landscape: A synthesis of spatial data and applications for research and management in the United States: Landscape Ecology, v. 38, p. 3825-3843, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-023-01623-z.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"3825","endPage":"3843","ipdsId":"IP-145662","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":415769,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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L.","contributorId":304165,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mahood","given":"Adam","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":65988,"text":"Earth Lab, University of Colorado Boulder and U.S Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":869519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Nagy, R. Chelsea","contributorId":298272,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nagy","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Chelsea","affiliations":[{"id":13693,"text":"University of Colorado Boulder","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":869520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Nietupski, Ty","contributorId":304166,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nietupski","given":"Ty","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":65989,"text":"ORISE Fellow hosted at the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":869521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Halofsky, Jessica E.","contributorId":146628,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Halofsky","given":"Jessica","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":13553,"text":"University of Washington-Seattle","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":869522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70242033,"text":"70242033 - 2023 - Mercury bioaccumulation and cortisol interact to influence endocrine and immune biomarkers in a free-ranging marine mammal","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-12T14:34:09.497702","indexId":"70242033","displayToPublicDate":"2023-03-30T06:33:05","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mercury bioaccumulation and cortisol interact to influence endocrine and immune biomarkers in a free-ranging marine mammal","docAbstract":"Mercury bioaccumulation from deep-ocean prey and the extreme life history strategies of adult female northern elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris) provide a unique system to assess the interactive effects of mercury and stress on animal health by quantifying blood biomarkers in relation to mercury (skeletal muscle and blood mercury) and cortisol concentrations. The thyroid hormone thyroxine (tT4) and the antibody immunoglobulin E (IgE) were associated with mercury and cortisol concentrations interactively, where the magnitude and direction of the association of each biomarker with mercury or cortisol changed depending on the concentration of the other factor. For example, when cortisol concentrations were lowest, tT4 was positively related to muscle mercury, whereas tT4 had a negative relationship with muscle mercury in seals that had the highest cortisol concentrations. Additionally, we observed that two thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (tT3) and reverse triiodothyronine (rT3), were negatively (tT3) and positively (rT3) associated with mercury concentrations and cortisol in an additive manner. As an example, tT3 concentrations in late breeding seals at the median cortisol concentration decreased by 14% across the range of observed muscle mercury concentrations. We also observed that immunoglobulin M (IgM), the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 (IL-6), and a reproductive hormone, estradiol, were negatively related to muscle mercury concentrations but were not related to cortisol. Specifically, estradiol concentrations in late molting seals decreased by 50% across the range of muscle mercury concentrations. These results indicate important physiological effects of mercury on free-ranging apex marine predators and interactions between mercury bioaccumulation and extrinsic stressors. Deleterious effects on animals’ abilities to maintain homeostasis (thyroid hormones), fight off pathogens and disease (innate and adaptive immune system), and successfully reproduce (endocrine system) can have significant individual- and population-level consequences.
This activity book is an illustrative guide designed to introduce young minds about the exciting world of science careers. From ichthyologists to wildlife biologists, this book showcases a variety of science-based professions through fun and engaging activities. Each section of the book features a different science career and includes information about how the job got its name and what a typical day in the life of someone in that profession might look like. Readers will also have a chance to color, test their knowledge with trivia, and play a few games along the way. The I Am A...Science Careers Book for Kids is a fun and colorful way for kids to learn about the many exciting career opportunities available in the world of science.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/gip222","usgsCitation":"Sobieszczyk, S., Soileau, S.C., and Scott, A., 2023, I Am A...Science careers book for kids: U.S. Geological Survey General Information Product 222, 50 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/gip222.","productDescription":"50 p.","numberOfPages":"50","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-141014","costCenters":[{"id":251,"text":"Ecosystems Mission Area","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5072,"text":"Office of Communication and Publishing","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":414758,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/222/gip222.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.09 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"GIP 222"},{"id":414757,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/222/coverthb2.jpg"}],"contact":"Youth and Education in Science
U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Dr.
Reston, VA 20192
Email: usgs_yes@usgs.gov
","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"publishedDate":"2023-03-29","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-03-29","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sobieszczyk, Steven 0000-0002-0834-8437","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0834-8437","contributorId":205030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sobieszczyk","given":"Steven","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":867349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Soileau, Suzanna C. 0000-0002-4331-0098 ssoileau@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4331-0098","contributorId":198208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soileau","given":"Suzanna","email":"ssoileau@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":506,"text":"Office of the AD Ecosystems","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":867550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Scott, Annie 0000-0001-7286-3698 annescott@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7286-3698","contributorId":223421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"Annie","email":"annescott@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":867551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70241872,"text":"ofr20221115 - 2023 - Geochronologic and geochemical data from metasedimentary and associated rocks in the Lane Mountain area, San Bernardino County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-02-10T21:15:46.852915","indexId":"ofr20221115","displayToPublicDate":"2023-03-29T10:44:23","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2022-1115","displayTitle":"Geochronologic and Geochemical Data from Metasedimentary and Associated Rocks in the Lane Mountain Area, San Bernardino County, California","title":"Geochronologic and geochemical data from metasedimentary and associated rocks in the Lane Mountain area, San Bernardino County, California","docAbstract":"Eugeoclinal metasedimentary and metavolcanic rocks in the Lane Mountain area, California, are considered part of the El Paso terrane, which is commonly thought to have been displaced several hundred kilometers (km) southeastward from its place of origin during late Paleozoic truncation of the North American continental margin. Uranium-lead dating of detrital zircons from this area was undertaken to limit the depositional ages of these nearly non-fossiliferous metamorphic rocks. Analysis of detrital zircons from 17 metasedimentary rock samples yielded a composite age distribution that ranges from Archean to Jurassic and has significant peaks at ~2,800 2,400 mega-annum (Ma), 2,100–1,600 Ma, and ~300–200 Ma. The Proterozoic and Archean ages indicate derivation from continental sources in ancestral North America, whereas the late Paleozoic and Mesozoic ages are interpreted as derived from a magmatic arc that began to develop along the continental margin in Permian to Triassic time.
The 17 detrital zircon samples are from quartzitic and conglomeratic rocks of the Carbide, Williams Well, and Noble Well formations, which were informally named by T.H. McCulloh in 1960. The zircon data indicate that the oldest rocks in the Carbide formation are quartzites likely correlative with the Ordovician Eureka Quartzite of the Cordilleran miogeocline. These rocks lie structurally above the rest of the Carbide formation, different units of which yielded zircons that indicate maximum depositional ages ranging from middle Paleozoic to Late Triassic. Zircons from the Williams Well and Noble Well formations indicate maximum depositional ages of late Paleozoic and Early Jurassic, respectively. The Noble Well formation is interpreted to correlate with the lithologically similar, Early Jurassic, Fairview Valley Formation of the Black and Quartzite Mountain areas some 60 km to the southwest.
The above interpretations depend on the presumption that the detrital zircons in these samples did not undergo extreme, postdepositional lead loss, which would result in misleadingly young ages. Although such lead loss is considered unlikely for these samples, further work could test the validity of this interpretation.
Zircons from six additional samples were also analyzed: (1) a quartzite from which all the zircons are interpreted to have formed by Late Jurassic metamorphism; (2) three samples interpreted as albitized igneous rocks of Middle Permian age; and (3) two samples interpreted as fine-grained monzonite to diorite of Late Jurassic age. Both sets of igneous rocks were initially thought to be metasedimentary but were reinterpreted as igneous largely on the basis of the zircon data.
Based on the interpretations presented here, this study demonstrates that the depositional, magmatic, and deformational history of the El Paso terrane was longer and more complex than previously thought and will require reevaluation of existing tectonic models involving this terrane.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20221115","usgsCitation":"Stone, P., Cecil, M.R., Brown, H.J., and Vazquez, J.A., 2023, Geochronologic and geochemical data from metasedimentary and associated rocks in the Lane Mountain area, San Bernardino County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2022–1115, 34 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20221115.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 34 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"34","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-126391","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":414958,"rank":7,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1115/ofr20221115_table5.pdf","text":"Table 5","size":"1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"- SHRIMP-RG U-Pb zircon data for samples analyzed for this report, Lane Mountain area."},{"id":414957,"rank":6,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1115/ofr20221115_table4.pdf","text":"Table 4","size":"3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"- LA-SF-ICPMS U-Pb zircon data for samples analyzed for this report, Lane Mountain area."},{"id":414900,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1115/covrthb.jpg"},{"id":414901,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1115/ofr20221115.pdf","text":"Report","size":"7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Open-File Report 2022–1115"},{"id":414902,"rank":5,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211094","text":"Open-File Report 2021-1094","description":"Stone, P., Brown, H.J., Cecil, M.R., Fleck, R.J., Vazquez, J.A., and Fitzpatrick, J.A., 2021, Geochronologic, isotopic, and geochemical data from pre-Cretaceous plutonic rocks in the Lane Mountain area, San Bernardino County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2021–1094, 74 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211094.","linkHelpText":"- Geochronologic, Isotopic, and Geochemical Data from Pre- Cretaceous Plutonic Rocks in the Lane Mountain Area, San Bernardino County, California"},{"id":414903,"rank":4,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20191070","text":"Open-File Report 2019-1070","description":"Stone, P., Brown, H.J., Cecil, M.R., Fleck, R.J., Vazquez, J.A., Fitzpatrick, J.A., and Rosario, J., 2019, Geochronologic, isotopic, and geochemical data from igneous rocks in the Lane Mountain area, San Bernardino County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2019–1070, 34 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20191070.","linkHelpText":"- Geochronologic, Isotopic, and Geochemical Data from Igneous Rocks in the Lane Mountain Area, San Bernardino County, California"},{"id":499724,"rank":8,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_114618.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":414899,"rank":1,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9G6YNEF","text":"Tabular geochronologic and geochemical data from metasedimentary and associated rocks in the Lane Mountain area, San Bernardino County, California","description":"Stone, P., Cecil, M.R., and Vazquez, J.A., 2023, Tabular geochronologic and geochemical data from metasedimentary and associated rocks in the Lane Mountain area, San Bernardino County, California: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9G6YNEF."}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"San Bernardino County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.50673206071878,\n 34.67301889093439\n ],\n [\n -116.50673206071878,\n 35.322960316934655\n ],\n [\n -117.53351206069043,\n 35.322960316934655\n ],\n [\n -117.53351206069043,\n 34.67301889093439\n ],\n [\n -116.50673206071878,\n 34.67301889093439\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Contact Information,
Geology, Minerals, Energy, & Geophysics Science Center
Menlo Park, California
U.S. Geological Survey
Building 19, 350 N. Akron Rd.
P.O. Box 158
Moffett Field, CA 94035
Plate convergence rates strongly influence seismicity and mountain building inboard of convergent margins, but the distribution and kinematics of structures accommodating farfield convergence can be elusive. In interior Alaska, Yakutat microplate convergence drives late Pleistocene–recent right slip on the Denali fault, but westward-decreasing slip rates leave substantial residual Yakutat motion unaccounted for. Here, we show that Northern Foothills thrust slip beneath the northern Alaska Range absorbs a modern 4.4 mm/yr geodetic velocity gradient equivalent to ~78% of the 5.6 mm/yr residual Yakutat convergence along the central Denali fault. Infrared-stimulated luminescence ages of strath terrace deposits (67–4 ka; six sites) quantify Totatlanika River bedrock incision across the 1947 Mw 7.1 thrust earthquake epicentral region. Incision rates increase abruptly from <1 mm/yr to 4.8–5.6 mm/yr above the blind thrust tip near the range front. Rapid slip at 6.7 mm/yr on a steep thrust ramp beneath the northern Alaska Range front accommodates the geodetic gradient, drives rock uplift at rates matching measured incision rates, and implies that large earthquakes like the 1947 event may recur with 500–1400 yr frequency. Results illuminate focused seismogenic strain inboard of a complex convergent margin and prompt reevaluation of Alaska’s neotectonic framework.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/G51049.1","usgsCitation":"Bender, A., Lease, R.O., Rittenour, T.M., and Jones, J.V., 2023, Rapid active thrust faulting at the northern Alaska Range front: Geology, v. 51, no. 6, p. 527-531, https://doi.org/10.1130/G51049.1.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"527","endPage":"531","ipdsId":"IP-146057","costCenters":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":444023,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/g51049.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":418586,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -160.6301808346148,\n 64.19458360416576\n ],\n [\n -160.6301808346148,\n 57.461011714876776\n ],\n [\n -135.6483845452334,\n 57.461011714876776\n ],\n [\n -135.6483845452334,\n 64.19458360416576\n ],\n [\n -160.6301808346148,\n 64.19458360416576\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"51","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-03-29","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bender, Adrian 0000-0001-7469-1957","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7469-1957","contributorId":219952,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bender","given":"Adrian","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":876378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lease, Richard O. 0000-0003-2582-8966 rlease@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2582-8966","contributorId":5098,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lease","given":"Richard","email":"rlease@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":876379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rittenour, Tammy M.","contributorId":140755,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rittenour","given":"Tammy","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":6682,"text":"Utah State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":876380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jones, James V. III 0000-0002-6602-5935 jvjones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6602-5935","contributorId":201245,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"James","suffix":"III","email":"jvjones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":876381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70241930,"text":"70241930 - 2023 - A research agenda for the science of actionable knowledge: Drawing from a review of the most misguided to the most enlightened claims in the science-policy interface literature","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-31T13:35:15.133957","indexId":"70241930","displayToPublicDate":"2023-03-29T08:30:59","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":13783,"text":"Environmental Science & Policy","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A research agenda for the science of actionable knowledge: Drawing from a review of the most misguided to the most enlightened claims in the science-policy interface literature","docAbstract":"Linking science with action affords a prime opportunity to leverage greater societal impact from research and increase the use of evidence in decision-making. Success in these areas depends critically upon processes of producing and mobilizing knowledge, as well as supporting and making decisions. For decades, scholars have idealized and described these social processes in different ways, resulting in numerous assumptions that now variously guide engagements at the interface of science and society. We systematically catalog these assumptions based on prior research on the science-policy interface, and further distill them into a set of 26 claims. We then elicit expert perspectives (n = 16) about these claims to assess the extent to which they are accurate or merit further examination. Out of this process, we construct a research agenda to motivate future scientific research on actionable knowledge, prioritizing areas that experts identified as critical gaps in understanding of the science-society interface. The resulting agenda focuses on how to define success, support intermediaries, build trust, and evaluate the importance of consensus and its alternatives – all in the diverse contexts of science-society-decision-making interactions. We further raise questions about the centrality of knowledge in these interactions, discussing how a governance lens might be generative of efforts to support more equitable processes and outcomes. We offer these suggestions with hopes of furthering the science of actionable knowledge as a transdisciplinary area of inquiry.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.envsci.2023.03.004","usgsCitation":"Jagannathan, K., Emmanuel, G., Arnott, J., Mach, K., Bamzai-Dodson, A., Goodrich, K., Meyer, R., Neff, M., Sjostrom, D., Timm, K., Turnhout, E., Wong-Parodi, G., Bednarek, A., Meadow, A., Dewulf, A., Kirchhoff, C.J., Moss, R., Nichols, L., Oldach, E., Lemos, M.C., and Klenk, N., 2023, A research agenda for the science of actionable knowledge: Drawing from a review of the most misguided to the most enlightened claims in the science-policy interface literature: Environmental Science & Policy, v. 144, p. 174-186, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2023.03.004.","productDescription":"13 p","startPage":"174","endPage":"186","ipdsId":"IP-145403","costCenters":[{"id":40927,"text":"North Central Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":444025,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index 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James","contributorId":303838,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Arnott","given":"James","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":65914,"text":"Aspen Global Change Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":868243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mach, Katharine","contributorId":303839,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mach","given":"Katharine","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":5112,"text":"University of Miami","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":868244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bamzai-Dodson, Aparna 0000-0002-2444-9051","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2444-9051","contributorId":303866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bamzai-Dodson","given":"Aparna","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":40927,"text":"North Central Climate Adaptation Science 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