{"pageNumber":"289","pageRowStart":"7200","pageSize":"25","recordCount":16506,"records":[{"id":70027741,"text":"70027741 - 2005 - Palaeohydrology of the Southwest Yukon Territory, Canada, based on multiproxy analyses of lake sediment cores from a depth transect","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:17","indexId":"70027741","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1905,"text":"Holocene","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Palaeohydrology of the Southwest Yukon Territory, Canada, based on multiproxy analyses of lake sediment cores from a depth transect","docAbstract":"Lake-level variations at Marcella Lake, a small, hydrologically closed lake in the southwestern Yukon Territory, document changes in effective moisture since the early Holocene. Former water levels, driven by regional palaeohydrology, were reconstructed by multiproxy analyses of sediment cores from four sites spanning shallow to deep water. Marcella Lake today is thermally stratified, being protected from wind by its position in a depression. It is alkaline and undergoes bio-induced calcification. Relative accumulations of calcium carbonate and organic matter at the sediment-water interface depend on the location of the depositional site relative to the thermocline. We relate lake-level fluctuations to down-core stratigraphic variations in composition, geochemistry, sedimentary structures and to the occurrence of unconformities in four cores based on observations of modern limnology and sedimentation processes. Twenty-four AMS radiocarbon dates on macrofossils and pollen provide the lake-level chronology. Prior to 10 000 cal. BP water levels were low, but then they rose to 3 to 4 m below modern levels. Between 7500 and 5000 cal. BP water levels were 5 to 6 m below modern but rose by 4000 cal. BP. Between 4000 and 2000 cal. BP they were higher than modern. During the last 2000 years, water levels were either near or 1 to 2 m below modern levels. Marcella Lake water-level fluctuations correspond with previously documented palaeoenvironmental and palaeoclimatic changes and provide new, independent effective moisture information. The improved geochronology and quantitative water-level estimates are a framework for more detailed studies in the southwest Yukon. ?? 2005 Edward Arnold (Publishers) Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Holocene","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1191/0959683605hl889rp","issn":"09596836","usgsCitation":"Anderson, L., Abbott, M., Finney, B.P., and Edwards, M.E., 2005, Palaeohydrology of the Southwest Yukon Territory, Canada, based on multiproxy analyses of lake sediment cores from a depth transect: Holocene, v. 15, no. 8, p. 1172-1183, https://doi.org/10.1191/0959683605hl889rp.","startPage":"1172","endPage":"1183","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238351,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211144,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1191/0959683605hl889rp"}],"volume":"15","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-12-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a73a4e4b0c8380cd77173","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, L.","contributorId":22571,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anderson","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Abbott, M.B.","contributorId":18572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abbott","given":"M.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Finney, B. P.","contributorId":93643,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Finney","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Edwards, M. E.","contributorId":29977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70027739,"text":"70027739 - 2005 - Part 1: Vadose-zone column studies of toluene (enhanced bioremediation) in a shallow unconfined aquifer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-31T09:37:31","indexId":"70027739","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3728,"text":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","onlineIssn":"1573-2932","printIssn":"0049-6979","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Part 1: Vadose-zone column studies of toluene (enhanced bioremediation) in a shallow unconfined aquifer","docAbstract":"<p class=\"Para\">The objectives of the laboratory study described in this paper were (1) to determine the effectiveness of four nutrient solutions and a control in stimulating the microbial degradation of toluene in the unsaturated zone as an alternative to bioremediation methodologies such as air sparging,<span>&nbsp;</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">in situ</i><span>&nbsp;</span>vitrification, or others (Part I), and (2) to compare the effectiveness of the addition of the most effective nutrient solution from Part I (modified Hoagland type, nitrate-rich) and hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) on microbial degradation of toluene for repeated, simulated spills in the unsaturated zone (Part II).</p><p class=\"Para\">For Part 1, fifteen columns (30-cm diameter by 150-cm height), packed with air-dried, 0.25-mm, medium-fine sand, were prepared to simulate shallow unconfined aquifer conditions. Toluene (10 mL) was added to the surface of each column, and soil solution and soil gas samples were collected from the columns every third day for 21 days. On day 21, a second application of toluene (10 mL) was made, and the experiment was run for another 21 days. Solution 4 was the most effective for microbial degradation in Part I. For Part II, three columns were designated nutrient-rich 3-day toluene columns and received toluene injections every 3 days; three columns were designated as nutrient-rich 7-day columns and received toluene injections every 7 days; and two columns were used as controls to which no nutrient was added.</p><p class=\"Para\">As measured by CO<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>respiration, the initial benefits for aerobic organisms from the O<sub>2</sub>enhancement were sustained by the bacteria for only a short period of time (about 8 days). Degradation benefits from the nutrient solution were sustained throughout the experiment.</p><p class=\"Para\">The O<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>and nutrient-enhanced columns degraded significantly more toluene than the control columns when simulating repeated spills onto the unsaturated zone, and demonstrated a potentially effective<span>&nbsp;</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">in situ</i><span>&nbsp;</span>bioremediation technology when used immediately or within days after a spill. The combined usage of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>and nitrate-rich nutrients served to effectively maximize natural aerobic and anaerobic metabolic processes that biodegrade hydrocarbons in petroleum-contaminated media. Applications of this technology in the field may offer economical advantages to other, more intrusive abatement technologies.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s11270-005-1486-0","issn":"00496979","usgsCitation":"Tindall, J., Friedel, M., Szmajter, R., and Cuffin, S., 2005, Part 1: Vadose-zone column studies of toluene (enhanced bioremediation) in a shallow unconfined aquifer: Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, v. 168, no. 1-4, p. 325-357, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-005-1486-0.","productDescription":"33 p.","startPage":"325","endPage":"357","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":238312,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211118,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11270-005-1486-0"}],"volume":"168","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7518e4b0c8380cd779ae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tindall, J.A.","contributorId":25711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tindall","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Friedel, M.J.","contributorId":90823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedel","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Szmajter, R.J.","contributorId":87573,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Szmajter","given":"R.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cuffin, S.M.","contributorId":6898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cuffin","given":"S.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":415011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70027714,"text":"70027714 - 2005 - Steam injection pilot study in a contaminated fractured limestone (Maine, USA): Modeling and analysis of borehole radar reflection data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-10T15:59:19","indexId":"70027714","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Steam injection pilot study in a contaminated fractured limestone (Maine, USA): Modeling and analysis of borehole radar reflection data","docAbstract":"Steam-enhanced remediation (SER) has been successfully used to remove DNAPL and LNAPL contaminants in porous media. Between August and November 2002, SER was tested in fractured limestone at the former Loring Air Force Base, in Maine, USA. During the SER investigation, the U.S. Geological Survey conducted a series of borehole radar surveys to evaluate the effectiveness of radar methods for monitoring the movement of steam and heat through the fractured limestone. The data were collected before steam injection, 10 days after the beginning of injection, and at the end of injection. In this paper, reflection-mode borehole radar data from wells JBW-7816 and JBW-7817A are presented and discussed. Theoretical modeling was performed to predict the variation of fracture reflectivity owed to heating, to show displacement of water and to assess the effect of SER at the site. Analysis of the radar profile data indicates some variations resulting from heating (increase of continuity of reflectors, attenuation of deeper reflections) but no substantial variation of traveltimes. Spectral content analysis of several individual reflections surrounding the boreholes was used to investigate the replacement of water by steam in the fractures. Observed decrease in radar reflectivity was too small to be explained by a replacement of water by steam, except for two high-amplitude reflectors, which disappeared near the end of the injection; moreover, no change of polarity, consistent with steam replacing water, was observed. The decrease of amplitude was greater for reflectors near well JBW-7817A and is explained by a greater heating around this well.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop on Advanced Ground Penetrating Radar, IWAGPR 2005","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"3rd International Workshop on Advanced Ground Penetrating Radar, IWAGPR 2005","conferenceDate":"May 3-5, 2005","conferenceLocation":"Delft, Netherlands","language":"English","publisher":"IEEE","doi":"10.1109/AGPR.2005.1487846","isbn":"9080970115; 9789080970113","usgsCitation":"Gregoire, C., Lane, J., and Joesten, P., 2005, Steam injection pilot study in a contaminated fractured limestone (Maine, USA): Modeling and analysis of borehole radar reflection data, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop on Advanced Ground Penetrating Radar, IWAGPR 2005, v. 2005, Delft, Netherlands, May 3-5, 2005, p. 55-59, 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Jr.","contributorId":66723,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lane","given":"J.W.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Joesten, P. K.","contributorId":62818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Joesten","given":"P. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70029110,"text":"70029110 - 2005 - Enhanced zinc consumption causes memory deficits and increased brain levels of zinc","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-31T10:03:02","indexId":"70029110","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3077,"text":"Physiology & Behavior","printIssn":"0031-9384","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Enhanced zinc consumption causes memory deficits and increased brain levels of zinc","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id12\" class=\"abstract author\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id13\"><p>Zinc deficiency has been shown to impair cognitive functioning, but little work has been done on the effects of elevated zinc. This research examined the effect on memory of raising Sprague–Dawley rats on enhanced levels of zinc (10 ppm ZnCO<sub>3</sub>; 0.153 mM) in the drinking water for periods of 3 or 9 months, both pre- and postnatally. Controls were raised on lab water. Memory was tested in a series of Morris Water Maze (MWM) experiments, and zinc-treated rats were found to have impairments in both reference and working memory. They were significantly slower to find a stationary platform and showed greater thigmotaxicity, a measure of anxiety. On a working memory task, where the platform was moved each day, zinc-treated animals had longer latencies over both trials and days, swam further from the platform, and showed greater thigmotaxicity. On trials using an Atlantis platform, which remained in one place but was lowered on probe trials, the zinc-treated animals had significantly fewer platform crossings, spent less time in the target quadrant, and did not swim as close to the platform position. They had significantly greater latency on nonprobe trials. Microprobe synchrotron X-ray fluorescence (μSXRF) confirmed that brain zinc levels were increased by adding ZnCO<sub>3</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>to the drinking water. These data show that long-term dietary administration of zinc can lead to impairments in cognitive function.</p></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2004.10.009","issn":"00319384","usgsCitation":"Flinn, J., Hunter, D., Linkous, D., Lanzirotti, A., Smith, L., Brightwell, J., and Jones, B., 2005, Enhanced zinc consumption causes memory deficits and increased brain levels of zinc: Physiology & Behavior, v. 83, no. 5, p. 793-803, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2004.10.009.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"793","endPage":"803","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":237359,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210442,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2004.10.009"}],"volume":"83","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0970e4b0c8380cd51ef6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flinn, J.M.","contributorId":45892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flinn","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hunter, D.","contributorId":70130,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunter","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Linkous, D.H.","contributorId":81303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Linkous","given":"D.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lanzirotti, A.","contributorId":52772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lanzirotti","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Smith, L.N.","contributorId":20533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"L.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Brightwell, J.","contributorId":20142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brightwell","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Jones, B.F.","contributorId":52156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"B.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70029095,"text":"70029095 - 2005 - Ecohydrological control of deep drainage in arid and semiarid regions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-31T10:50:53","indexId":"70029095","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ecohydrological control of deep drainage in arid and semiarid regions","docAbstract":"<p><span>The amount and spatial distribution of deep drainage (downward movement of water across the bottom of the root zone) and groundwater recharge affect the quantity and quality of increasingly limited groundwater in arid and semiarid regions. We synthesize research from the fields of ecology and hydrology to address the issue of deep drainage in arid and semiarid regions. We start with a recently developed hydrological model that accurately simulates soil water potential and geochemical profiles measured in thick (&gt;50 m), unconsolidated vadose zones. Model results indicate that, since the climate change that marked the onset of the Holocene period 10 000–15 000 years ago, there has been no deep drainage in vegetated interdrainage areas and that continuous, relatively low (&lt;−1 MPa) soil water potentials have been maintained at depths of 2–3 m. A conceptual model consistent with these results proposes that the native, xeric‐shrub‐dominated, plant communities that gained dominance during the Holocene generated and maintained these conditions. We present three lines of ecological evidence that support the conceptual model. First, xeric shrubs have sufficiently deep rooting systems with low extraction limits to generate the modeled conditions. Second, the characteristic deep‐rooted soil–plant systems store sufficient water to effectively buffer deep soil from climatic fluctuations in these dry environments, allowing stable conditions to persist for long periods of time. And third, adaptations resulting in deep, low‐extraction‐limit rooting systems confer significant advantages to xeric shrubs in arid and semiarid environments. We then consider conditions in arid and semiarid regions in which the conceptual model may not apply, leading to the expectation that portions of many arid and semiarid watersheds supply some deep drainage. Further ecohydrologic research is required to elucidate critical climatic and edaphic thresholds, evaluate the role of important physiological processes (such as hydraulic redistribution), and evaluate the role of deep roots in terms of carbon costs, nutrient uptake, and whole‐plant development.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/03-0568","usgsCitation":"Seyfried, M., Schwinning, S., Walvoord, M.A., Pockman, W., Newman, B., Jackson, R., and Phillips, F.M., 2005, Ecohydrological control of deep drainage in arid and semiarid regions: Ecology, v. 86, no. 2, p. 277-287, https://doi.org/10.1890/03-0568.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"277","endPage":"287","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":237685,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"86","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a053de4b0c8380cd50d01","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Seyfried, M.S.","contributorId":100603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seyfried","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schwinning, S.","contributorId":41207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwinning","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Walvoord, Michelle Ann 0000-0003-4269-8366 walvoord@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4269-8366","contributorId":147211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walvoord","given":"Michelle","email":"walvoord@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Ann","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":421309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pockman, W. T.","contributorId":57260,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pockman","given":"W. T.","affiliations":[{"id":7164,"text":"Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":421308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Newman, B.D.","contributorId":37115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newman","given":"B.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jackson, R.B.","contributorId":42174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackson","given":"R.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Phillips, F. M.","contributorId":24493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70027706,"text":"70027706 - 2005 - Comparison of a novel passive sampler to standard water-column sampling for organic contaminants associated with wastewater effluents entering a New Jersey stream","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-31T08:27:58","indexId":"70027706","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1226,"text":"Chemosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of a novel passive sampler to standard water-column sampling for organic contaminants associated with wastewater effluents entering a New Jersey stream","docAbstract":"<p>Four water samples collected using standard depth and width water-column sampling methodology were compared to an innovative passive, in situ, sampler (the polar organic chemical integrative sampler or POCIS) for the detection of 96 organic wastewater-related contaminants (OWCs) in a stream that receives agricultural, municipal, and industrial wastewaters. Thirty-two OWCs were identified in POCIS extracts whereas 9-24 were identified in individual water-column samples demonstrating the utility of POCIS for identifying contaminants whose occurrence are transient or whose concentrations are below routine analytical detection limits. Overall, 10 OWCs were identified exclusively in the POCIS extracts and only six solely identified in the water-column samples, however, repetitive water samples taken using the standard method during the POCIS deployment period required multiple trips to the sampling site and an increased number of samples to store, process, and analyze. Due to the greater number of OWCs detected in the POCIS extracts as compared to individual water-column samples, the ease of performing a single deployment as compared to collecting and processing multiple water samples, the greater mass of chemical residues sequestered, and the ability to detect chemicals which dissipate quickly, the passive sampling technique offers an efficient and effective alternative for detecting OWCs in our waterways for wastewater contaminants.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.03.023","issn":"00456535","usgsCitation":"Alvarez, D., Stackelberg, P., Petty, J.D., Huckins, J., Furlong, E., Zaugg, S., and Meyer, M.T., 2005, Comparison of a novel passive sampler to standard water-column sampling for organic contaminants associated with wastewater effluents entering a New Jersey stream: Chemosphere, v. 61, no. 5, p. 610-622, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.03.023.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"610","endPage":"622","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":238391,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211176,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.03.023"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","otherGeospatial":"Trenton area","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -74.86839294433594,\n              40.29419163838167\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.68849182128906,\n              40.40042472999147\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.54154968261719,\n              40.370089492456025\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.40559387207031,\n              40.282144825334825\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.47288513183594,\n              40.175725518346916\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.74685668945312,\n              40.18149636613134\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.77638244628906,\n              40.21820844236145\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.83612060546875,\n              40.24808787647333\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.86427307128905,\n              40.28738283396792\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.86839294433594,\n              40.29419163838167\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"61","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f84be4b0c8380cd4cfd9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alvarez, D.A.","contributorId":39481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alvarez","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stackelberg, P. E.","contributorId":18390,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stackelberg","given":"P. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Petty, J. D.","contributorId":86722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petty","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Huckins, J.N.","contributorId":62553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huckins","given":"J.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Furlong, E. T. 0000-0002-7305-4603","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7305-4603","contributorId":98346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Furlong","given":"E. T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Zaugg, S.D.","contributorId":82811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zaugg","given":"S.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Meyer, M. T.","contributorId":92279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70027705,"text":"70027705 - 2005 - An ostracode based paleolimnologic and paleohydrologic history of Death Valley: 200 to 0 ka","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:17","indexId":"70027705","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An ostracode based paleolimnologic and paleohydrologic history of Death Valley: 200 to 0 ka","docAbstract":"Death Valley, a complex tectonic and hydrologic basin, was cored from its lowest surface elevation to a depth of 186 m. The sediments range from bedded primary halite to black muds. Continental ostracodes found in the black muds indicate that those sediments were deposited in a variety of hydrologic settings ranging from deep, relatively fresh water to shallow saline lakes to spring discharge supported wetlands. The alkaline-enriched, calcium-depleted paleolake waters indicate extrabasinal streamflow and basin-margin spring discharge. The alkaline-depleted, calcium-enriched paleowetland waters indicate intrabasinal spring discharge. During Marine Isotope Stage 6 (MIS 6, ca. 180-140 ka) the hydrologic settings were highly variable, implying that complex relations existed between climate and basin hydrology. Termination II (MIS 6 to MIS 5E) was a complex multicyclic sequence of paleoenvironments, implying that climates oscillated between high and low effective moisture. MIS 4 (ca. 73-61 ka) was a spring discharge supported wetland complex. During MIS 2 (ca. 20-12 ka) the hydrologic settings were variable, although they are not fully understood because some black muds deposited during that time were lost during coring. ?? 2005 Geological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/B25637.1","issn":"00167606","usgsCitation":"Forester, R.M., Lowenstein, T., and Spencer, R.J., 2005, An ostracode based paleolimnologic and paleohydrologic history of Death Valley: 200 to 0 ka: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 117, no. 11-12, p. 1379-1386, https://doi.org/10.1130/B25637.1.","startPage":"1379","endPage":"1386","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211175,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/B25637.1"},{"id":238390,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"117","issue":"11-12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eaa6e4b0c8380cd489c8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Forester, R. M.","contributorId":76332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Forester","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lowenstein, T.K.","contributorId":36328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowenstein","given":"T.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Spencer, R. J.","contributorId":56664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spencer","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70029092,"text":"70029092 - 2005 - Submarine groundwater discharge to a small estuary estimated from radon and salinity measurements and a box model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-07T12:52:38","indexId":"70029092","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1012,"text":"Biogeosciences Discussions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Submarine groundwater discharge to a small estuary estimated from radon and salinity measurements and a box model","docAbstract":"<p><span>Submarine groundwater discharge was quantified by a variety of methods for a 4-day period during the early summer of 2004, in Salt Pond, adjacent to Nauset Marsh, on Cape Cod, USA. Discharge estimates based on radon and salinity took advantage of the presence of the narrow channel connecting Salt Pond to Nauset Marsh, which allowed constructing whole-pond mass balances as water flowed in and out due to tidal fluctuations. The data suggest that less than one quarter of the discharge in the vicinity of Salt Pond happened within the pond itself, while three quarters or more of the discharge occurred immediately seaward of the pond, either in the channel or in adjacent regions of Nauset Marsh. Much of this discharge, which maintains high radon activities and low salinity, is carried into the pond during each incoming tide. A box model was used as an aid to understand both the rates and the locations of discharge in the vicinity of Salt Pond. The model achieves a reasonable fit to both the salinity and radon data assuming submarine groundwater discharge is fresh and that most of it occurs either in the channel or in adjacent regions of Nauset Marsh. Salinity and radon data, together with seepage meter results, do not rule out discharge of saline groundwater, but suggest either that the saline discharge is at most comparable in volume to the fresh discharge or that it is depleted in radon. The estimated rate of fresh groundwater discharge in the vicinity of Salt Pond is 3000-7000 m</span><sup>3</sup><span>&nbsp;d</span><sup>-1</sup><span>. This groundwater flux estimated from the radon and salinity data is comparable to a value of 3200-4500 m</span><sup>3</sup><span>&nbsp;d</span><sup>-1</sup><span>&nbsp;predicted by a recent hydrologic model (Masterson, 2004; Colman and Masterson, 2004), although the model predicts this rate of discharge to the pond whereas our data suggest most of the groundwater bypasses the pond prior to discharge. Additional work is needed to determine if the measured rate of discharge is representative of the long-term average, and to better constrain the rate of groundwater discharge seaward of Salt Pond.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"EGU","doi":"10.5194/bg-2-141-2005","issn":"18106277","usgsCitation":"Crusius, J., Koopmans, D., Bratton, J.F., Charette, M., Kroeger, K., Henderson, P., Ryckman, L., Halloran, K., and Colman, J.A., 2005, Submarine groundwater discharge to a small estuary estimated from radon and salinity measurements and a box model: Biogeosciences Discussions, v. 2, no. 1, p. 141-157, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2-141-2005.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"141","endPage":"157","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477963,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2-141-2005","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":237648,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-06-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9d28e4b08c986b31d693","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crusius, John 0000-0003-2554-0831 jcrusius@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2554-0831","contributorId":2155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crusius","given":"John","email":"jcrusius@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":421294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Koopmans, D.","contributorId":33914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koopmans","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bratton, John F. 0000-0003-0376-4981 jbratton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0376-4981","contributorId":92757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bratton","given":"John","email":"jbratton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":421299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Charette, M.A.","contributorId":62014,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Charette","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kroeger, K.D.","contributorId":26060,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kroeger","given":"K.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Henderson, P.","contributorId":83735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henderson","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ryckman, L.","contributorId":100184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryckman","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Halloran, K.","contributorId":59616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halloran","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Colman, John A. 0000-0001-9327-0779 jacolman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9327-0779","contributorId":2098,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colman","given":"John","email":"jacolman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":421297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70029091,"text":"70029091 - 2005 - Differences in dissolved cadmium and zinc uptake among stream insects: Mechanistic explanations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-31T08:39:35","indexId":"70029091","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Differences in dissolved cadmium and zinc uptake among stream insects: Mechanistic explanations","docAbstract":"This study examined the extent to which dissolved Cd and Zn uptake rates vary in several aquatic insect taxa commonly used as indicators of ecological health. We further attempted to explain the mechanisms underlying observed differences. By comparing dissolved Cd and Zn uptake rates in several aquatic insect species, we demonstrated that species vary widely in these processes. Dissolved uptake rates were not related to gross morphological features such as body size or gill size-features that influence water permeability and therefore have ionoregulatory importance. However, finer morphological features, specifically, the relative numbers of ionoregulatory cells (chloride cells), appeared to be related to dissolved metal uptake rates. This observation was supported by Michaelis-Menten type kinetics experiments, which showed that dissolved Cd uptake rates were driven by the numbers of Cd transporters and not by the affinities of those transporters to Cd. Calcium concentrations in exposure media similarly affected Cd and Zn uptake rates in the caddisfly Hydropsyche californica. Dissolved Cd and Zn uptake rates strongly co-varied among species, suggesting that these metals are transported by similar mechanisms.","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es0404421","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Buchwalter, D., and Luoma, S., 2005, Differences in dissolved cadmium and zinc uptake among stream insects: Mechanistic explanations: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 39, no. 2, p. 498-504, https://doi.org/10.1021/es0404421.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"498","endPage":"504","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":237613,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210633,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es0404421"}],"volume":"39","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-11-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a00ede4b0c8380cd4f9ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buchwalter, D.B.","contributorId":20053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buchwalter","given":"D.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Luoma, S. N.","contributorId":86353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"S. N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70029062,"text":"70029062 - 2005 - Major and trace element composition of copiapite-group minerals and coexisting water from the Richmond mine, Iron Mountain, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-31T09:25:14","indexId":"70029062","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Major and trace element composition of copiapite-group minerals and coexisting water from the Richmond mine, Iron Mountain, California","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id19\" class=\"abstract author\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id20\"><p id=\"simple-para.0110\">Copiapite-group minerals of the general formula<span>&nbsp;</span><i>AR</i><sub>4</sub>(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>6</sub>(OH)<sub>2</sub>·<i>n</i>H<sub>2</sub>O, where<span>&nbsp;</span><i>A</i><span>&nbsp;</span>is predominantly Mg, Fe<sup>2+</sup>, or 0.67Al<sup>3+</sup>,<span>&nbsp;</span><i>R</i><span>&nbsp;</span>is predominantly Fe<sup>3+</sup>, and<span>&nbsp;</span><i>n</i><span>&nbsp;</span>is typically 20, are among several secondary hydrous Fe sulfates occurring in the inactive mine workings of the massive sulfide deposit at Iron Mountain, CA, a USEPA Superfund site that produces extremely acidic drainage. Samples of copiapite-group minerals, some with coexisting water, were collected from the Richmond mine. Approximately 200 mL of brownish pore water with a pH of −0.9 were extracted through centrifugation from a 10-L sample of moist copiapite-group minerals taken from pyritic muck piles. The pore water is extremely rich in ferric iron (Fe<sup>3+</sup>=149 g L<sup>−1</sup>, Fe<sub>T</sub>=162 g L<sup>−1</sup>) and has a density of 1.52 g mL<sup>−1</sup>. The composition of the pore water is interpreted in the context of published phase relations in the Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>–SO<sub>3</sub>–H<sub>2</sub>O system and previous work on the chemistry of extremely acid mine waters and associated minerals in the Richmond mine. Two distinct members of the copiapite mineral group were identified in the samples with coexisting water: (1) abundant magnesiocopiapite consisting of platy crystals 10 to 50 μm and (2) minor aluminocopiapite present as smaller platy crystals that form spheroidal aggregates. The average composition (<i>n</i>=5) of the magnesiocopiapite is (Mg<sub>0.90</sub>Fe<sup>2+</sup><sub>0.17</sub>Zn<sub>0.02</sub>Cu<sub>0.01</sub>)<sub>∑1.10</sub>(Fe<sup>3+</sup><sub>3.83</sub>Al<sub>0.09</sub>)<sub>∑3.92</sub>(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>6.00</sub>(OH)<sub>1.96</sub>·20H<sub>2</sub>O. Bulk compositions determined by digestion and wet-chemical analysis are consistent with the microanalytical results. These results suggest that magnesiocopiapite is the least soluble member of the copiapite group under the prevailing conditions. Micro-PIXE analysis indicates that the copiapite-group minerals in this sample sequester Zn (average 1420 ppm), with lesser amounts of Cu (average 270 ppm) and As (average 64 ppm).</p></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.chemgeo.2004.10.001","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Jamieson, H., Robinson, C., Alpers, C.N., McCleskey, R.B., Nordstrom, D.K., and Peterson, R.C., 2005, Major and trace element composition of copiapite-group minerals and coexisting water from the Richmond mine, Iron Mountain, California: Chemical Geology, v. 215, no. 1-4 , p. 387-405, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2004.10.001.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"387","endPage":"405","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":237719,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210712,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2004.10.001"}],"volume":"215","issue":"1-4 ","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4c07e4b0c8380cd69960","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jamieson, H.E.","contributorId":41646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jamieson","given":"H.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robinson, C.","contributorId":70586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Alpers, Charles N. 0000-0001-6945-7365 cnalpers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6945-7365","contributorId":411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alpers","given":"Charles","email":"cnalpers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":421186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McCleskey, R. Blaine 0000-0002-2521-8052 rbmccles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2521-8052","contributorId":147399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCleskey","given":"R.","email":"rbmccles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Blaine","affiliations":[{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":421181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nordstrom, D. Kirk 0000-0003-3283-5136 dkn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3283-5136","contributorId":749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nordstrom","given":"D.","email":"dkn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Kirk","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":421184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Peterson, Ronald C.","contributorId":103070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70029046,"text":"70029046 - 2005 - Dissolution of cinnabar (HgS) in the presence of natural organic matter","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-31T10:16:12","indexId":"70029046","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dissolution of cinnabar (HgS) in the presence of natural organic matter","docAbstract":"<p><span>Cinnabar (HgS) dissolution rates were measured in the presence of 12 different natural dissolved organic matter (DOM) isolates including humic, fulvic, and hydrophobic acid fractions. Initial dissolution rates varied by 1.3 orders of magnitude, from 2.31 × 10</span><sup>−13</sup><span>&nbsp;to 7.16 × 10</span><sup>−12</sup><span>&nbsp;mol Hg (mg C)</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;m</span><sup>−2</sup><span>s</span><sup>−1</sup><span>. Rates correlate positively with three DOM characteristics: specific ultraviolet absorbance (R</span><sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;= 0.88), aromaticity (R</span><sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;= 0.80), and molecular weight (R</span><sup>2</sup><span>= 0.76). Three experimental observations demonstrate that dissolution was controlled by the interaction of DOM with the cinnabar surface: (1) linear rates of Hg release with time, (2) significantly reduced rates when DOM was physically separated from the surface by dialysis membranes, and (3) rates that approached constant values at a specific ratio of DOM concentration to cinnabar surface area, suggesting a maximum surface coverage by dissolution-reactive DOM. Dissolution rates for the hydrophobic acid fractions correlate negatively with sorbed DOM concentrations, indicating the presence of a DOM component that reduced the surface area of cinnabar that can be dissolved. When two hydrophobic acid isolates that enhanced dissolution to different extents were mixed equally, a 20% reduction in rate occurred compared to the rate with the more dissolution-enhancing isolate alone. Rates in the presence of the more dissolution-enhancing isolate were reduced by as much as 60% when cinnabar was prereacted with the isolate that enhanced dissolution to a lesser extent. The data, taken together, imply that the property of DOM that enhances cinnabar dissolution is distinct from the property that causes it to sorb irreversibly to the cinnabar surface.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.gca.2004.09.029","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Waples, J., Nagy, K.L., Aiken, G., and Ryan, J.N., 2005, Dissolution of cinnabar (HgS) in the presence of natural organic matter: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 69, no. 6, p. 1575-1588, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2004.09.029.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1575","endPage":"1588","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":209683,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2004.09.029"},{"id":236356,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"69","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a022fe4b0c8380cd4ff22","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waples, J.S.","contributorId":107078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waples","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nagy, K. L.","contributorId":56408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nagy","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Aiken, G. R. 0000-0001-8454-0984","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8454-0984","contributorId":14452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiken","given":"G. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ryan, J. N.","contributorId":102649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryan","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70029041,"text":"70029041 - 2005 - Speciation of mercury and mode of transport from placer gold mine tailings","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:57","indexId":"70029041","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Speciation of mercury and mode of transport from placer gold mine tailings","docAbstract":"Historic placer gold mining in the Clear Creek tributary to the Sacramento River (Redding, CA) has highly impacted the hydrology and ecology of an important salmonid spawning stream. Restoration of the watershed utilized dredge tailings contaminated with mercury (Hg) introduced during gold mining, posing the possibility of persistent Hg release to the surrounding environment, including the San Francisco Bay Delta. Column experiments have been performed to evaluate the extent of Hg transport under chemical conditions potentially similar to those in river restoration projects utilizing dredge tailings such as at Clear Creek. Physicochemical perturbations, in the form of shifts in column influent ionic strength and the presence of a low molecular weight organic acid, were applied to coarse and fine sand placer tailings containing 109-194 and 69-90 ng of Hg/g, respectively. Significant concentrations of mercury, up to 16 ??g/L, leach from these sediments in dissolved and particle-associated forms. Sequential chemical extractions (SCE) of these tailings indicate that elemental Hg initially introduced during gold mining has been transformed to readily soluble species, such as mercury oxides and chlorides (3-4%), intermediately extractable phases that likely include (in)organic sorption complexes and amalgams (75-87%), and fractions of highly insoluble forms such as mercury sulfides (6-20%; e.g., cinnabar and metacinnabar). Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopic analysis of colloids obtained from column effluent identified cinnabar particles as the dominant mobile mercury-bearing phase. The fraction of intermediately extractable Hg phases also likely includes mobile colloids to which Hg is adsorbed. ?? 2005 American Chemical Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Science and Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1021/es049113z","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Slowey, A., Rytuba, J.J., and Brown, G.E., 2005, Speciation of mercury and mode of transport from placer gold mine tailings: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 39, no. 6, p. 1547-1554, https://doi.org/10.1021/es049113z.","startPage":"1547","endPage":"1554","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209751,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es049113z"},{"id":236453,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-01-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b94ece4b08c986b31acc0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Slowey, A.J.","contributorId":9445,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slowey","given":"A.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rytuba, J. J.","contributorId":83082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rytuba","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brown, Gordon E. Jr.","contributorId":10166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Gordon","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70027670,"text":"70027670 - 2005 - Assessing the vulnerability of a municipal well field to contamination in a karst aquifer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-05T08:00:49","indexId":"70027670","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1574,"text":"Environmental & Engineering Geoscience","printIssn":"1078-7275","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing the vulnerability of a municipal well field to contamination in a karst aquifer","docAbstract":"Proposed expansion of extractive lime-rock mines near the Miami-Dade County Northwest well field and Everglades wetland areas has garnered intense scrutiny by government, public, environmental stakeholders, and the media because of concern that mining will increase the risk of pathogen contamination. Rock mines are excavated to the same depth as the well field's primary producing zone. The underlying karst Biscayne aquifer is a triple-porosity system characterized by (1) a matrix of interparticle porosity and separate vug porosity; (2) touching-vug porosity that forms preferred, stratiform passageways; and, less commonly, (3) conduit porosity formed by thin solution pipes, bedding-plane vugs, and cavernous vugs. Existing ground-water flow and particle tracking models do not provide adequate information regarding the ability the aquifer to limit the advective movement of pathogens and other contaminants. Chemical transport and colloidal mobility properties have been delineated using conservative and microsphere-surrogate tracers for Cryptosporidium parvum. Forced-gradient tests were executed by introducing conservative tracers into injection wells located 100 m (328 ft) from a municipal-supply well. Apparent mean advective velocity between the wells is one to two orders of magnitude greater than previously measured. Touching-vug, stratiform flow zones are efficient pathways for tracer movement at the well field. The effective porosity for a continuum model between the point of injection and tracer recovery ranges from 2 to 4 percent and is an order of magnitude smaller than previously assumed. Existing well-field protection zones were established using porosity estimates based on specific yield. The effective, or kinematic, porosity of a Biscayne aquifer continuum model is lower than the total porosity, because high velocities occur along preferential flow paths that result in faster times of travel than can be represented with the ground-water flow equation. Tracer tests indicate that the relative ease of contaminant movement to municipal supply wells is much greater than previously considered.","language":"English","publisher":"GSW","doi":"10.2113/11.4.319","issn":"10787275","usgsCitation":"Renken, R., Cunningham, K., Zygnerski, M., Wacker, M., Shapiro, A., Harvey, R., Metge, D., Osborn, C., and Ryan, J.N., 2005, Assessing the vulnerability of a municipal well field to contamination in a karst aquifer: Environmental & Engineering Geoscience, v. 11, no. 4, p. 319-331, https://doi.org/10.2113/11.4.319.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"319","endPage":"331","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477826,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.372.1559","text":"External Repository"},{"id":238424,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211197,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2113/11.4.319"}],"volume":"11","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059edf1e4b0c8380cd49b19","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Renken, R.A.","contributorId":99161,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Renken","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cunningham, K.J.","contributorId":39852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cunningham","given":"K.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zygnerski, M.R.","contributorId":45109,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zygnerski","given":"M.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wacker, M.A.","contributorId":91168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wacker","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Shapiro, A.M. 0000-0002-6425-9607","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6425-9607","contributorId":88384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shapiro","given":"A.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":414661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Harvey, R.W. 0000-0002-2791-8503","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2791-8503","contributorId":11757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"R.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Metge, D.W.","contributorId":51477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Metge","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Osborn, C.L.","contributorId":9852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Osborn","given":"C.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Ryan, J. N.","contributorId":102649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryan","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70029023,"text":"70029023 - 2005 - Chemical weathering rates of a soil chronosequence on granitic alluvium: III. Hydrochemical evolution and contemporary solute fluxes and rates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-29T10:37:16","indexId":"70029023","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chemical weathering rates of a soil chronosequence on granitic alluvium: III. Hydrochemical evolution and contemporary solute fluxes and rates","docAbstract":"<p>Although long-term changes in solid-state compositions of soil chronosequences have been extensively investigated, this study presents the first detailed description of the concurrent hydrochemical evolution and contemporary weathering rates in such sequences. The most direct linkage between weathering and hydrology over 3 million years of soil development in the Merced chronosequence in Central California relates decreasing permeability and increasing hydrologic heterogeneity to the development of secondary argillic horizons and silica duripans. In a highly permeable, younger soil (40 kyr old), pore water solutes reflect seasonal to decadal-scale variations in rainfall and evapotranspiration (ET). This climate signal is strongly damped in less permeable older soils (250 to 600 kyr old) where solutes increasingly reflect weathering inputs modified by heterogeneous flow.</p><p>Elemental balances in the soils are described in terms of solid state, exchange and pore water reservoirs and input/output fluxes from precipitation, ET, biomass, solute discharge and weathering. Solute mineral nutrients are strongly dependent on biomass variations as evidenced by an apparent negative K weathering flux reflecting aggradation by grassland plants. The ratios of solute Na to other base cations progressively increase with soil age. Discharge fluxes of Na and Si, when integrated over geologic time, are comparable to solid-state mass losses in the soils, implying similar past weathering conditions. Similarities in solute and sorbed Ca/Mg ratios reflect short-term equilibrium with the exchange reservoir. Long-term consistency in solute ratios, when contrasted against progressive decreases in solid-state Ca/Mg, requires an additional Ca source, probably from dry deposition.</p><p>Amorphous silica precipitates from thermodynamically-saturated pore waters during periods of high evapotranspiration and result in the formation of duripans in the oldest soils. The degree of feldspar and secondary gibbsite and kaolinite saturation varies both spatially and temporally due to the seasonality of plant-respired CO<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>and a decrease in organically complexed Al. In deeper pore waters, K-feldspar is in equilibrium and plagioclase is about an order of magnitude undersaturated. Hydrologic heterogeneity produces a range of weathering gradients that are constrained by solute distributions and matrix and macropore flow regimes. Plagioclase weathering rates, based on precipitation-corrected Na gradients, vary between 3 and 7 × 10<sup>−16</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>mol m<sup>−2</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>s<sup>−1</sup>. These rates are similar to previously determined solid-state rates but are several orders of magnitude slower than for experimental plagioclase dissolution indicating strong inhibitions to natural weathering, partly due to near-equilibrium weathering reactions.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.gca.2004.10.003","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"White, A.F., Schulz, M.S., Vivit, D., Blum, A., Stonestrom, D.A., and Harden, J., 2005, Chemical weathering rates of a soil chronosequence on granitic alluvium: III. Hydrochemical evolution and contemporary solute fluxes and rates: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 69, no. 8, p. 1975-1996, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2004.10.003.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"1975","endPage":"1996","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236350,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209677,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2004.10.003"}],"volume":"69","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f59be4b0c8380cd4c2fe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"White, A. F.","contributorId":36546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schulz, M. S.","contributorId":7299,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schulz","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vivit, D.V.","contributorId":28609,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vivit","given":"D.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Blum, A.E.","contributorId":100514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blum","given":"A.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stonestrom, David A. 0000-0001-7883-3385 dastones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7883-3385","contributorId":2280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stonestrom","given":"David","email":"dastones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":421001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Harden, J.W. 0000-0002-6570-8259","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6570-8259","contributorId":38585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harden","given":"J.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70027668,"text":"70027668 - 2005 - Simulation of integrated surface-water/ground-water flow and salinity for a coastal wetland and adjacent estuary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:17","indexId":"70027668","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Simulation of integrated surface-water/ground-water flow and salinity for a coastal wetland and adjacent estuary","docAbstract":"The SWIFT2D surface-water flow and transport code, which solves the St Venant equations in two dimensions, was coupled with the SEAWAT variable-density ground-water code to represent hydrologic processes in coastal wetlands and adjacent estuaries. A sequentially coupled time-lagged approach was implemented, based on a variable-density form of Darcy's Law, to couple the surface and subsurface systems. The integrated code also represents the advective transport of salt mass between the surface and subsurface. The integrated code was applied to the southern Everglades of Florida to quantify flow and salinity patterns and to evaluate effects of hydrologic processes. Model results confirm several important observations about the coastal wetland: (1) the coastal embankment separating the wetland from the estuary is overtopped only during tropical storms, (2) leakage between the surface and subsurface is locally important in the wetland, but submarine ground-water discharge does not contribute large quantities of freshwater to the estuary, and (3) coastal wetland salinities increase to near seawater values during the dry season, and the wetland flushes each year with the onset of the wet season. ?? 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.04.015","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Langevin, C., Swain, E., and Wolfert, M., 2005, Simulation of integrated surface-water/ground-water flow and salinity for a coastal wetland and adjacent estuary: Journal of Hydrology, v. 314, no. 1-4, p. 212-234, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.04.015.","startPage":"212","endPage":"234","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211173,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.04.015"},{"id":238387,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"314","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9069e4b08c986b3194b1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Langevin, C.","contributorId":27216,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langevin","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Swain, E. 0000-0001-7168-708X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7168-708X","contributorId":82122,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swain","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wolfert, M.","contributorId":96474,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolfert","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70029009,"text":"70029009 - 2005 - Arsenate adsorption mechanisms at the allophane: Water interface","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-05T10:54:43","indexId":"70029009","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Arsenate adsorption mechanisms at the allophane: Water interface","docAbstract":"<div class=\"hlFld-Abstract\"><div id=\"abstractBox\"><p class=\"articleBody_abstractText\">We investigated arsenate (As(V)) reactivity and surface speciation on amorphous aluminosilicate mineral (synthetic allophane) surfaces using batch adsorption experiments, powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). The adsorption isotherm experiments indicated that As(V) uptake increased with increasing [As(V)]<sub>o</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>from 50 to 1000 μM (i.e., Langmuir type adsorption isotherm) and that the total As adsorption slightly decreased with increasing NaCl concentrations from 0.01 to 0.1 M. Arsenate adsorption was initially (0−10 h) rapid followed by a slow continuum uptake, and the adsorption processes reached the steady state after 720 h. X-ray absorption spectroscopic analyses suggest that As(V) predominantly forms bidentate binuclear surface species on aluminum octahedral structures, and these species are stable up to 11 months. Solubility calculations and powder XRD analyses indicate no evidence of crystalline Al−As(V) precipitates in the experimental systems. Overall, macroscopic and spectroscopic evidence suggest that the As(V) adsorption mechanisms at the allophane−water interface are attributable to ligand exchange reactions between As(V) and surface-coordinated water molecules and hydroxyl and silicate ions. The research findings imply that dissolved tetrahedral oxyanions (e.g., H<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>4</sub><sup>2</sup><sup>-</sup>and H<sub>2</sub>AsO<sub>4</sub><sup>2</sup><sup>-</sup>) are readily retained on amorphous aluminosilicate minerals in aquifer and soils at near neutral pH. The inner-sphere adsorption mechanisms might be important in controlling dissolved arsenate and phosphate in amorphous aluminosilicate-rich low-temperature geochemical environments.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es0486770","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Arai, Y., Sparks, D., and Davis, J., 2005, Arsenate adsorption mechanisms at the allophane: Water interface: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 39, no. 8, p. 2537-2544, https://doi.org/10.1021/es0486770.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"2537","endPage":"2544","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236768,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209986,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es0486770"}],"volume":"39","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-03-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ed86e4b0c8380cd49864","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Arai, Y.","contributorId":59214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arai","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sparks, D.L.","contributorId":94072,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sparks","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Davis, J.A.","contributorId":71694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70029000,"text":"70029000 - 2005 - Zinc adsorption effects on arsenite oxidation kinetics at the birnessite-water interface","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-31T10:29:26","indexId":"70029000","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Zinc adsorption effects on arsenite oxidation kinetics at the birnessite-water interface","docAbstract":"Arsenite is more toxic and mobile than As(V) in soil and sediment environments, and thus it is advantageous to explore factors that enhance oxidation of As(III) to As(V). Previous studies showed that manganese oxides, such as birnessite (??-MnO2), directly oxidized As(III). However, these studies did not explore the role that cation adsorption has on As(III) oxidation. Accordingly, the effects of adsorbed and nonadsorbed Zn on arsenite (As(III)) oxidation kinetics at the birnessite-water interface were investigated using batch adsorption experiments (0.1 g L-1; pH 4.5 and 6.0; I = 0.01 M NaCl). Divalent Zn adsorption on synthetic ??-MnO 2 in the absence of As(III) increased with increasing pH and caused positive shifts in electrophoretic mobility values at pH 4-6, indirectly suggesting inner-sphere Zn adsorption mechanisms. Arsenite was readily oxidized on birnessite in the absence of Zn. The initial As(III) oxidation rate constant decreased with increasing pH from 4.5 to 6.0 and initial As(III) concentrations from 100 to 300 ??M. Similar pH and initial As(III) concentration effects were observed in systems when Zn was present (i.e., presorbed Zn prior to As(III) addition and simultaneously added Zn-As(III) systems), but As(III) oxidation reactions were suppressed compared to the respective control systems. The suppression was more pronounced when Zn was presorbed on the ??-MnO 2 surfaces as opposed to added simultaneously with As(III). This study provides further understanding of As(III) oxidation reactions on manganese oxide surfaces under environmentally applicable conditions where metals compete for reactive sites.","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es049922i","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Power, L., Arai, Y., and Sparks, D., 2005, Zinc adsorption effects on arsenite oxidation kinetics at the birnessite-water interface: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 39, no. 1, p. 181-187, https://doi.org/10.1021/es049922i.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"181","endPage":"187","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236702,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-12-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bd26ae4b08c986b32f7d7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Power, L.E.","contributorId":68525,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Power","given":"L.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Arai, Y.","contributorId":59214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arai","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sparks, D.L.","contributorId":94072,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sparks","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70027665,"text":"70027665 - 2005 - A simple method for calculating growth rates of petroleum hydrocarbon plumes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-29T11:04:45","indexId":"70027665","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A simple method for calculating growth rates of petroleum hydrocarbon plumes","docAbstract":"<div class=\"abstract-group\"><div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p>Consumption of aquifer Fe(III) during biodegradation of ground water contaminants may result in expansion of a contaminant plume, changing the outlook for monitored natural attenuation. Data from two research sites contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons show that toluene and xylenes degrade under methanogenic conditions, but the benzene and ethylbenzene plumes grow as aquifer Fe(III) supplies are depleted. By considering a one‐dimensional reaction front in a constant unidirectional flow field, it is possible to derive a simple expression for the growth rate of a benzene plume. The method balances the mass flux of benzene with the Fe(III) content of the aquifer, assuming that the biodegradation reaction is instantaneous. The resulting expression shows that the benzene front migration is retarded relative to the ground water velocity by a factor that depends on the concentrations of hydrocarbon and bioavailable Fe(III). The method provides good agreement with benzene plumes at a crude oil study site in Minnesota and a gasoline site in South Carolina. Compared to the South Carolina site, the Minnesota site has 25% higher benzene flux but eight times the Fe(III), leading to about one‐sixth the expansion rate. Although it was developed for benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes, the growth‐rate estimation method may have applications to contaminant plumes from other persistent contaminant sources.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2005.00093.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Bekins, B., Cozzarelli, I., and Curtis, G., 2005, A simple method for calculating growth rates of petroleum hydrocarbon plumes: Ground Water, v. 43, no. 6, p. 817-826, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2005.00093.x.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"817","endPage":"826","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":238347,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211142,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2005.00093.x"}],"volume":"43","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-08-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e58fe4b0c8380cd46e13","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bekins, B.A.","contributorId":98309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bekins","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cozzarelli, I.M. 0000-0002-5123-1007","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5123-1007","contributorId":22343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cozzarelli","given":"I.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Curtis, G.P.","contributorId":65619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Curtis","given":"G.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70027661,"text":"70027661 - 2005 - Repeated surveys by acoustic Doppler current profiler for flow and sediment dynamics in a tidal river","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-13T16:30:05","indexId":"70027661","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Repeated surveys by acoustic Doppler current profiler for flow and sediment dynamics in a tidal river","docAbstract":"A strategy of repeated surveys by acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) was applied in a tidal river to map velocity vectors and suspended-sediment indicators. The Sacramento River at the junction with the Delta Cross Channel at Walnut Grove, California, was surveyed over several tidal cycles in the Fall of 2000 and 2001 with a vessel-mounted ADCP. Velocity profiles were recorded along flow-defining survey paths, with surveys repeated every 27 min through a diurnal tidal cycle. Velocity vectors along each survey path were interpolated to a three-dimensional Cartesian grid that conformed to local bathymetry. A separate array of vectors was interpolated onto a grid from each survey. By displaying interpolated vector grids sequentially with computer animation, flow dynamics of the reach could be studied in three-dimensions as flow responded to the tidal cycle. Velocity streamtraces in the grid showed the upwelling of flow from the bottom of the Sacramento River channel into the Delta Cross Channel. The sequential display of vector grids showed that water in the canal briefly returned into the Sacramento River after peak flood tides, which had not been known previously. In addition to velocity vectors, ADCP data were processed to derive channel bathymetry and a spatial indicator for suspended-sediment concentration. Individual beam distances to bed, recorded by the ADCP, were transformed to yield bathymetry accurate enough to resolve small bedforms within the study reach. While recording velocity, ADCPs also record the intensity of acoustic backscatter from particles suspended in the flow. Sequential surveys of backscatter intensity were interpolated to grids and animated to indicate the spatial movement of suspended sediment through the study reach. Calculation of backscatter flux through cross-sectional grids provided a first step for computation of suspended-sediment discharge, the second step being a calibrated relation between backscatter intensity and sediment concentration. Spatial analyses of ADCP data showed that a strategy of repeated surveys and flow-field interpolation has the potential to simplify computation of flow and sediment discharge through complex waterways. The use of trade, product, industry, or firm names in this report is for descriptive purposes only and does not constitute endorsement of products by the US Government. ?? 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.03.019","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Dinehart, R., and Burau, J., 2005, Repeated surveys by acoustic Doppler current profiler for flow and sediment dynamics in a tidal river: Journal of Hydrology, v. 314, no. 1-4, p. 1-21, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.03.019.","startPage":"1","endPage":"21","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":238275,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211092,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.03.019"}],"volume":"314","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa74be4b0c8380cd8532f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dinehart, R.L.","contributorId":54610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dinehart","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burau, J.R. 0000-0002-5196-5035","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5196-5035","contributorId":7307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burau","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70027638,"text":"70027638 - 2005 - Quasi‐steady centrifuge method for unsaturated hydraulic properties","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-31T10:44:31","indexId":"70027638","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quasi‐steady centrifuge method for unsaturated hydraulic properties","docAbstract":"<p><span>We have developed the quasi‐steady centrifuge (QSC) method as a variation of the steady state centrifuge method that can be implemented simply and inexpensively with greater versatility in terms of sample size and other features. It achieves these advantages by somewhat relaxing the criterion for steadiness of flow through the sample. This compromise entails an increase in measurement uncertainty but to a degree that is tolerable in most applications. We have tested this new approach with an easily constructed apparatus to establish a quasi‐steady flow of water in unsaturated porous rock samples spinning in a centrifuge, obtaining measurements of unsaturated hydraulic conductivity and water retention that agree with results of other methods. The QSC method is adaptable to essentially any centrifuge suitable for hydrogeologic applications, over a wide range of sizes and operating speeds. The simplified apparatus and greater adaptability of this method expands the potential for exploring situations that are common in nature but have been the subject of few laboratory investigations.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2005WR003957","usgsCitation":"Caputo, M., and Nimmo, J.R., 2005, Quasi‐steady centrifuge method for unsaturated hydraulic properties: Water Resources Research, v. 41, no. 11, W11504; 5 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2005WR003957.","productDescription":"W11504; 5 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":238498,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-11-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a927ce4b0c8380cd808a9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Caputo, Maria C.","contributorId":48756,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Caputo","given":"Maria C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nimmo, John R. 0000-0001-8191-1727 jrnimmo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8191-1727","contributorId":757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nimmo","given":"John","email":"jrnimmo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":414515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70027626,"text":"70027626 - 2005 - Decadal-scale change of infiltration characteristics of a tephra-mantled hillslope at Mount St Helens, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-18T21:34:51.991481","indexId":"70027626","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Decadal-scale change of infiltration characteristics of a tephra-mantled hillslope at Mount St Helens, Washington","docAbstract":"<p><span>The cataclysmic 1980 eruption of Mount St Helens radically reduced the infiltration characteristics of ∼60 000 ha of rugged terrain and dramatically altered landscape hydrology. Two decades of erosional, biogenic, cryogenic, and anthropogenic activity have modified the infiltration characteristics of much of that devastated landscape and modulated the hydrological impact of the eruption. We assessed infiltration and runoff characteristics of a segment of hillslope thickly mantled with tephra, but now revegetated primarily with grasses and other plants, to evaluate hydrological modifications due to erosion and natural turbation. Eruptive disturbance reduced infiltration capacity of the hillslope by as much as 50‐fold. Between 1980 and 2000, apparent infiltration capacities of plots on the hillslope increased as much as ten fold, but remain approximately three to five times less than the probable pre‐eruption capacities. Common regional rainfall intensities and snowmelt rates presently produce little surface runoff; however, high‐magnitude, low‐frequency storms and unusually rapid snowmelt can still induce broad infiltration‐excess overland flow. After 20 years, erosion and natural mechanical turbation have modulated, but not effaced, the hydrological perturbation caused by the cataclysmic eruption.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/hyp.5863","usgsCitation":"Major, J., and Yamakoshi, T., 2005, Decadal-scale change of infiltration characteristics of a tephra-mantled hillslope at Mount St Helens, Washington: Hydrological Processes, v. 19, no. 18, p. 3621-3630, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.5863.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"3621","endPage":"3630","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":238306,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211115,"rank":2,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.5863"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Mount St Helens","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.4151611328125,\n              46.11322971817248\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.97845458984375,\n              46.11322971817248\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.97845458984375,\n              46.42271253466717\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.4151611328125,\n              46.42271253466717\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.4151611328125,\n              46.11322971817248\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"19","issue":"18","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fdfee4b0c8380cd4ea65","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Major, J. J. 0000-0003-2449-4466","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2449-4466","contributorId":29461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Major","given":"J. J.","affiliations":[{"id":157,"text":"Cascades Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":414418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yamakoshi, T.","contributorId":105116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yamakoshi","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70027623,"text":"70027623 - 2005 - Transport and fate of nitrate and pesticides: Hydrogeology and riparian zone processes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:48","indexId":"70027623","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Transport and fate of nitrate and pesticides: Hydrogeology and riparian zone processes","docAbstract":"There is continuing concern over potential impacts of widespread application of nutrients and pesticides on ground- and surface-water quality. Transport and fate of nitrate and pesticides were investigated in a shallow aquifer and adjacent stream, Cow Castle Creek, in Orangeburg County, South Carolina. Pesticide and pesticide degradate concentrations were detected in ground water with greatest frequency and largest concentrations directly beneath and downgradient from the corn (Zea mays L.) field where they were applied. In almost all samples in which they were detected, concentrations of pesticide degradates greatly exceeded those of parent compounds, and were still present in ground waters that were recharged during the previous 18 yr. The absence of both parent and degradate compounds in samples collected from deeper in the aquifer suggests that this persistence is limited or that the ground water had recharged before use of the pesticide. Concentrations of NO3- in ground water decreased with increasing depth and age, but denitrification was not a dominant controlling factor. Hydrologic and chemical data indicated that ground water discharges to the creek and chemical exchange takes place within the upper 0.7 m of the streambed. Ground water had its greatest influence on surface-water chemistry during low-flow periods, causing a decrease in concentrations of Cl-, NO3-, pesticides, and pesticide degradates. Conversely, shallow subsurface drainage dominates stream chemistry during high-flow periods, increasing stream concentrations of Cl-, NO3-, pesticides, and pesticide degradates. These results point out the importance of understanding the hydrogeologic setting when investigating transport and fate of contaminants in ground water and surface water. ?? ASA, CSSA, SSSA.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Environmental Quality","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2134/jeq2005.0109","issn":"00472425","usgsCitation":"Puckett, L., and Hughes, W., 2005, Transport and fate of nitrate and pesticides: Hydrogeology and riparian zone processes: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 34, no. 6, p. 2278-2292, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2005.0109.","startPage":"2278","endPage":"2292","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211069,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2005.0109"},{"id":238237,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb740e4b08c986b32714e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Puckett, L.J.","contributorId":27503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Puckett","given":"L.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hughes, W.B.","contributorId":92263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hughes","given":"W.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70027621,"text":"70027621 - 2005 - Coupled inverse modeling of vadose zone water, heat, and solute transport: Calibration constraints, parameter nonuniqueness, and predictive uncertainty","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:48","indexId":"70027621","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Coupled inverse modeling of vadose zone water, heat, and solute transport: Calibration constraints, parameter nonuniqueness, and predictive uncertainty","docAbstract":"In this study, an inverse methodology is presented and used to evaluate the effect that calibration of a synthetic artificial recharge model, constrained by different combinations of measurements (pressure head, temperature, and concentration), has on estimated vadose zone model parameter-value nonuniqueness and predictive water, heat, and solute transport uncertainty. Several findings are arrived at following model calibration and predictive analysis. First, composite scaled sensitivities revealed that all calibration measurement combinations contributed to the estimation of 30 water, heat, and solute transport parameters by inverting a set of vadose zone transport equations that were coupled explicitly through dependent variables and implicitly through parameters and fluid properties. Second, despite excellent model quality and perfect match of simulated-to-measured dependent field variables, the limitations in information content of field measurements used to constrain the calibration process promoted correlation among parameters; correlation among parameters promoted parameter nonuniqueness; and parameter nonuniqueness promoted predictive uncertainty. Consequently, simulations by transport models calibrated against field information represent a single realization associated with some quantifiable range of predictive uncertainty. Third, a primary reduction in uncertainty was achieved by increasing the number of calibration-constraint measurements, but reductions in uncertainty appeared restricted implying a practical limit to parameterization detail. Fourth, for a fixed number of measurements, a less prominent reduction in the range of predictive uncertainty could be realized through selective use of measurement types to constrain the calibration process. Therefore, field measurement types used to constrain the calibration process should be matched to target predictions. Fifth, because correlation among parameters contributes to predictive uncertainty, it may be possible to further reduce predictive uncertainty by estimating parameters that also minimize the largest eigenvalue in the normalized eigenvector matrix.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.02.013","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Friedel, M., 2005, Coupled inverse modeling of vadose zone water, heat, and solute transport: Calibration constraints, parameter nonuniqueness, and predictive uncertainty: Journal of Hydrology, v. 312, no. 1-4, p. 148-175, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.02.013.","startPage":"148","endPage":"175","numberOfPages":"28","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211045,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.02.013"},{"id":238200,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"312","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fc89e4b0c8380cd4e2d9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Friedel, M.J.","contributorId":90823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedel","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70027614,"text":"70027614 - 2005 - Effective discharge analysis of ecological processes in streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T16:37:32","indexId":"70027614","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effective discharge analysis of ecological processes in streams","docAbstract":"<p><span>Discharge is a master variable that controls many processes in stream ecosystems. However, there is uncertainty of which discharges are most important for driving particular ecological processes and thus how flow regime may influence entire stream ecosystems. Here the analytical method of effective discharge from fluvial geomorphology is used to analyze the interaction between frequency and magnitude of discharge events that drive organic matter transport, algal growth, nutrient retention, macroinvertebrate disturbance, and habitat availability. We quantify the ecological effective discharge using a synthesis of previously published studies and modeling from a range of study sites. An analytical expression is then developed for a particular case of ecological effective discharge and is used to explore how effective discharge varies within variable hydrologic regimes. Our results suggest that a range of discharges is important for different ecological processes in an individual stream. Discharges are not equally important; instead, effective discharge values exist that correspond to near modal flows and moderate floods for the variable sets examined. We suggest four types of ecological response to discharge variability: discharge as a transport mechanism, regulator of habitat, process modulator, and disturbance. Effective discharge analysis will perform well when there is a unique, essentially instantaneous relationship between discharge and an ecological process and poorly when effects of discharge are delayed or confounded by legacy effects. Despite some limitations the conceptual and analytical utility of the effective discharge analysis allows exploring general questions about how hydrologic variability influences various ecological processes in streams.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2005WR004222","usgsCitation":"Doyle, M.W., Stanley, E.H., Strayer, D.L., Jacobson, R.B., and Schmidt, J.C., 2005, Effective discharge analysis of ecological processes in streams: Water Resources Research, v. 41, no. 11, Article W11411; 16 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2005WR004222.","productDescription":"Article W11411; 16 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477831,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.630.7008","text":"External Repository"},{"id":238061,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-11-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0632e4b0c8380cd51149","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Doyle, Martin W.","contributorId":202217,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Doyle","given":"Martin","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stanley, Emily H.","contributorId":55725,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stanley","given":"Emily","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":12951,"text":"Center for Limnology, University of Wisconsin Madison","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":414363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Strayer, David L.","contributorId":90682,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Strayer","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jacobson, Robert B. 0000-0002-8368-2064 rjacobson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8368-2064","contributorId":1289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacobson","given":"Robert","email":"rjacobson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":414365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schmidt, John C. 0000-0002-2988-3869 jcschmidt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2988-3869","contributorId":1983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"John","email":"jcschmidt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":414364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70027602,"text":"70027602 - 2005 - Variations in climate and ephemeral channel recharge in southeastern Arizona, United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-30T11:03:32","indexId":"70027602","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Variations in climate and ephemeral channel recharge in southeastern Arizona, United States","docAbstract":"<p><span>Significant variations in interannual and decadal recharge rates are likely in alluvial basins of the semiarid southwestern United States on the basis of decadal variations in climate and precipitation and correlation of El Niño with high rates of winter precipitation and streamflow. A better understanding of the magnitude of recharge variations in semiarid and arid regions would reduce water budget uncertainty. Variability of ephemeral channel recharge with climate in southeastern Arizona was investigated through analysis of hydrologic monitoring near three ephemeral streams in southeastern Arizona during the middle to late 1990s and by relating the results to long‐term hydrologic and climatic trends. The analysis used precipitation, streamflow, water levels in wells, estimates of groundwater storage change from repeat gravity surveys, and two climatic indicators of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), Southern Oscillation index, and Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). Results indicate that variations in winter recharge are related to ENSO. El Niño conditions correspond with a greater probability of high rates of winter precipitation, streamflow, and recharge. La Niña conditions are almost exclusively associated with below‐average recharge. Rates of recharge along Rillito Creek near Tucson during 1977–1998, a period of frequent El Niño conditions and positive PDO values, were 3 times recharge rates during 1941–1957, a period dominated by La Niña conditions and low PDO values. Quantification of recharge variability with decadal climate cycles should improve estimates of rates of aquifer drainage and replenishment in the region. Similar methods are applicable to other regions where thick unsaturated zones can accept significant periodic recharge.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2004WR003255","usgsCitation":"Pool, D.R., 2005, Variations in climate and ephemeral channel recharge in southeastern Arizona, United States: Water Resources Research, v. 41, no. 11, Article W11403; 25 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2004WR003255.","productDescription":"Article W11403; 25 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":489773,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2004wr003255","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":238456,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","volume":"41","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-11-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc179e4b08c986b32a5b7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pool, D. R.","contributorId":75581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pool","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
]}