The final event in a complicated hydrothermal history at the Meikle gold deposit was gold deficient but caused extensive postore dissolution of carbonate, collapse brecciation, and precipitation of calcite and barite crystals in the resulting cavities. Although previously interpreted to be part of the Carlin-type hydrothermal system, crosscutting relationships and U-Th-Pb geochronology constrain this hydrothermal event to late Pliocene time (ca. 2 Ma), nearly 36 Ma after ore formation. Mineralogic, fluid inclusion, and stable isotope data indicate that postore hydrothermal fluids were reduced, H 2S-rich, unevolved meteoric waters ((δ 18O = -17‰) of low temperature (ca. 65°C). The δ 18O values of barite and calcite indicate that these minerals were in isotopic equilibrium, requiring that barite SO 4 was derived from the oxidation of reduced sulfur; however, preexisting sulfides in breccia cavities were not oxidized. The δ 34S (15‰) values of barite are higher than those of local bulk sulfide and supergene alunite indicating that SO 4 was not derived from supergene oxidation of local sulfide minerals. The 15 per mil δ 34S value suggests that the H 2S in the fluids may have been leached from sulfur-rich organic matter in the local carbonaceous sedimentary rocks. A reduced H 2S-rich fluid is also supported by the bright cathodoluminescence of calcite which indicates that it is Mn rich and Fe poor. Calcite has a narrow range of δ 13C values (0.3-1.8‰) that are indistinguishable from those of the host Bootstrap limestone, indicating that CO 2 in the fluid was from dissolution of the local limestone. These data suggest that dissolution and brecciation of the Bootstrap limestone occurred where H 2S-rich fluids encountered more oxidizing fluids and formed sulfuric acid (H 2SO 4). Intense fracturing in the mine area by previous structural and hydrothermal events probably provided conduits for the descent of oxidized surface water which mixed with the underlying H 2S-rich waters to form the dissolving acid. The surface-derived fluid apparently contained sufficient oxygen to produce H 2SO 4 from H 2S but not enough to alter pyrite to Fe oxide. Although H 2S is an important gold-transporting ligand, the temperature was too low to transport a significant amount of gold. The presence of analogous calcite- and barite-lined cavities in other Carlin-type deposits suggests that the generation (and oxidation) of H 2S-rich meteoric waters was a common phenomenon in north-central Nevada. Previous sulfur isotope studies have also shown that the Paleozoic sedimentary rocks were the principal source of H 2S in Devonian sedimentary exhalative-type, Jurassic intrusion-related, Eocene Carlin-type, and Miocene low-sulfidation gold deposits in the region. The similar sulfur source in all of these systems suggests that basin brines, magmatic fluids, and meteoric waters all evolved to be H 2S-rich ore fluids by circulation through Paleozoic sedimentary rocks. Thus, although not directly related to gold mineralization, the recent hydrologic history of the deposit provides important clues to earlier ore-forming processes that were responsible for gold mineralization.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.98.6.1243","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Emsbo, P., and Hofstra, A., 2003, Origin and significance of postore dissolution collapse breccias cemented with calcite and barite at the Meikle gold deposit, Northern Carlin trend, Nevada: Economic Geology, v. 98, no. 6, p. 1243-1252, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.98.6.1243.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1243","endPage":"1252","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":387490,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","city":"Carlin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.25732421875,\n 40.60144147645398\n ],\n [\n -115.9332275390625,\n 40.60144147645398\n ],\n [\n -115.9332275390625,\n 40.851215574282456\n ],\n [\n -116.25732421875,\n 40.851215574282456\n ],\n [\n -116.25732421875,\n 40.60144147645398\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"98","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a70bde4b0c8380cd761f9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Emsbo, P.","contributorId":59901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Emsbo","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hofstra, A. H. 0000-0002-2450-1593","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2450-1593","contributorId":41426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hofstra","given":"A. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70025218,"text":"70025218 - 2003 - Internal cave gating for protection of colonies of the endangered gray bat (Myotis grisescens)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-14T18:19:28.76353","indexId":"70025218","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":629,"text":"Acta Chiropterologica","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Internal cave gating for protection of colonies of the endangered gray bat (Myotis grisescens)","docAbstract":"Persistent human disturbance is a major cause for the decline in populations of many cave-dwelling bats and other sensitive cave-obligate organisms. Cave gating has been used to eliminate human disturbance, but few studies have assessed directly the impact of such management activities on resident bats. In northeastern Oklahoma, USA, 25 entrances of caves inhabited by two endangered species and one endangered subspecies of bats are protected from human entry with internal gates. Because cave gates may impede ingress and egress of bats at caves, we evaluated the impacts of internal gates before and after their construction at six colonies of endangered gray bats (Myotis grisescens) from 1981 to 2001. No caves were abandoned by gray bats after the construction of internal gates; in fact, total numbers of gray bats using the six caves increased from 60,130 in 1981 to 70,640 in 2001. Two caves harbored more gray bats after gating, and three caves had no change in gray bat numbers after gating. We also compared initiations of emergences at three gated and three open-passage caves in June and July 1999–2000. No differences in timing of initiation of emergence were found between colonies in gated versus open-passage caves. Our results support the use of internal gates to protect and thereby enhance recovery of colonies of endangered gray bats. Additional research is encouraged to confirm that our observations on gray bats are generally applicable to other species of cave-dwelling bats.
","language":"English","publisher":"BioOne","doi":"10.3161/001.005.0112","issn":"15081109","usgsCitation":"Martin, K., Leslie, D., Payton, M., Puckette, W.L., and Hensley, S., 2003, Internal cave gating for protection of colonies of the endangered gray bat (Myotis grisescens): Acta Chiropterologica, v. 5, no. 1, p. 143-150, https://doi.org/10.3161/001.005.0112.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"143","endPage":"150","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":489087,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3161/001.005.0112","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":387184,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oklahoma","otherGeospatial":"northeastern Oklahoma","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -96.39404296875,\n 35.44277092585766\n ],\n [\n -94.50439453125,\n 35.44277092585766\n ],\n [\n -94.50439453125,\n 37.020098201368114\n ],\n [\n -96.39404296875,\n 37.020098201368114\n ],\n [\n -96.39404296875,\n 35.44277092585766\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"5","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3d2ce4b0c8380cd6336e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Martin, K.W.","contributorId":54782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"K.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leslie, David M. Jr.","contributorId":52514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leslie","given":"David M.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Payton, M.E.","contributorId":68085,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Payton","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Puckette, William L.","contributorId":103058,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Puckette","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hensley, S.L.","contributorId":29622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hensley","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70025217,"text":"70025217 - 2003 - Effects of salinity, pH and temperature on the re-establishment of bioluminescence and copper or SDS toxicity in the marine dinoflagellate Pyrocystis lunula using bioluminescence as an endpoint","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:57","indexId":"70025217","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1555,"text":"Environmental Pollution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of salinity, pH and temperature on the re-establishment of bioluminescence and copper or SDS toxicity in the marine dinoflagellate Pyrocystis lunula using bioluminescence as an endpoint","docAbstract":"Pyrocystis lunula is a unicellular, marine, photoautotrophic, bioluminescent dinoflagellate. This organism is used in the Lumitox ?? bioassay with inhibition of bioluminescence re-establishment as the endpoint. Experiments determined if acute changes in pH, salinity, or temperature had an effect on the organisms' ability to re-establish bioluminescence, or on the bioassay's potential to detect sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and copper toxicity. The re-establishment of bioluminescence itself was not very sensitive to changes in pH within the pH 6-10 range, though reducing pH from 8 to levels below 6 decreased this capacity. Increasing the pH had little effect on Cu or SDS toxicity, but decreasing the pH below 7 virtually eliminated the toxicity of either compound in the bioassay. Lowering the salinity from 33 to 27??? or less resulted in a substantial decrease in re-establishment of bioluminescence, while increasing the salinity to 43 or 48 ??? resulted in a small decline. Salinity had little influence on the bioassay's quantification of Cu toxicity, while the data showed a weak negative relationship between SDS toxicity and salinity. Re-establishment of bioluminescence showed a direct dependence on temperature, but only at 10??C did temperature have an obvious effect on the toxicity of Cu in this bioassay. ?? 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Pollution","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0269-7491(03)00059-9","issn":"02697491","usgsCitation":"Craig, J., Klerks, P., Heimann, K., and Waits, J., 2003, Effects of salinity, pH and temperature on the re-establishment of bioluminescence and copper or SDS toxicity in the marine dinoflagellate Pyrocystis lunula using bioluminescence as an endpoint: Environmental Pollution, v. 125, no. 2, p. 267-275, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0269-7491(03)00059-9.","startPage":"267","endPage":"275","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209585,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0269-7491(03)00059-9"},{"id":236215,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"125","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a07bbe4b0c8380cd517d8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Craig, J.M.","contributorId":39566,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Craig","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Klerks, P.L.","contributorId":24396,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klerks","given":"P.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Heimann, K.","contributorId":84552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heimann","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Waits, J.L.","contributorId":92630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waits","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70025215,"text":"70025215 - 2003 - Tectonic controls of Mississippi Valley-type lead-zinc mineralization in orogenic forelands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-11T14:12:14.992932","indexId":"70025215","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2746,"text":"Mineralium Deposita","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tectonic controls of Mississippi Valley-type lead-zinc mineralization in orogenic forelands","docAbstract":"Most of the world's Mississippi Valley-type (MVT) zinc-lead deposits occur in orogenic forelands. We examine tectonic aspects of foreland evolution as part of a broader study of why some forelands are rich in MVT deposits, whereas others are barren. The type of orogenic foreland (collisional versus Andean-type versus inversion-type) is not a first-order control, because each has MVT deposits (e.g., Northern Arkansas, Pine Point, and Cevennes, respectively). In some MVT districts (e.g., Tri-State and Central Tennessee), mineralization took place atop an orogenic forebulge, a low-amplitude (a few hundred meters), long-wavelength (100-200 km) swell formed by vertical loading of the foreland plate. In the foreland of the active Banda Arc collision zone, a discontinuous forebulge reveals some of the physiographic and geologic complexities of the forebulge environment, and the importance of sea level in determining whether or not a forebulge will emerge and thus be subject to erosion. In addition to those on extant forebulges, some MVT deposits occur immediately below unconformities that originated at a forebulge, only to be subsequently carried toward the orogen by the plate-tectonic conveyor (e.g., Daniel's Harbour and East Tennessee). Likewise, some deposits are located along syn-collisional, flexure-induced normal and strike-slip faults in collisional forelands (e.g., Northern Arkansas, Daniel's Harbour, and Tri-State districts). These findings reveal the importance of lithospheric flexure, and suggest a conceptual tectonic model that accounts for an important subset of MVT deposits-those in the forelands of collisional orogens. The MVT deposits occur both in flat-lying and in thrust-faulted strata; in the latter group, mineralization postdated thrusting in some instances (e.g., Picos de Europa) but may have predated thrusting in other cases (e.g., East Tennessee).","largerWorkTitle":"","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00126-003-0355-2","issn":"","usgsCitation":"Bradley, D.C., and Leach, D.L., 2003, Tectonic controls of Mississippi Valley-type lead-zinc mineralization in orogenic forelands: Mineralium Deposita, v. 38, no. 6, p. 652-667, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00126-003-0355-2.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"652","endPage":"667","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236179,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba456e4b08c986b320275","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bradley, D. C.","contributorId":17634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leach, D. L.","contributorId":18758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leach","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70025214,"text":"70025214 - 2003 - Land use and land cover change in the North Central Appalachians ecoregion","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-21T10:18:53","indexId":"70025214","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3028,"text":"Pennsylvania Geographer","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Land use and land cover change in the North Central Appalachians ecoregion","docAbstract":"The North Central Appalachians ecoregion, spanning northern Pennsylvania and southern New York, has a long history of land use and land cover change. Turn-of-the-century logging dramatically altered the natural landscape of the ecoregion, but subsequent regeneration returned the ecoregion to a forest dominated condition. To understand contemporary land use and land cover changes, the U.S. Geological Survey with NASA and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency used a random sample of satellite remotely sensed data for 1973, 1980, 1986, 1992, and 2000 to estimate the rates and assess the primary drivers of change in the North Central Appalachians. The overall change was 6.2%. The 1973-1980 period had the lowest rate of change (1.5%); the highest rate (2.9%) occurred during the 1992-2000 period. The primary conversions were deforestation through harvesting and natural disturbance (i.e., tornados) followed by regeneration, and conversion of forests to mining and urban lands. The primary drivers of the change included changes in access, energy and forest prices, and attitudes toward the environment.","language":"English","issn":"05535980","usgsCitation":"Napton, D., Sohl, T.L., Auch, R.F., and Loveland, T., 2003, Land use and land cover change in the North Central Appalachians ecoregion: Pennsylvania Geographer, v. 41, no. 2, p. 46-66.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"46","endPage":"66","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236143,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a42ebe4b0c8380cd65fb1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Napton, D.E.","contributorId":23720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Napton","given":"D.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sohl, Terry L. 0000-0002-9771-4231","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9771-4231","contributorId":76419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sohl","given":"Terry","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Auch, Roger F. 0000-0002-5382-5044","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5382-5044","contributorId":90519,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Auch","given":"Roger","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Loveland, Thomas R. 0000-0003-3114-6646","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3114-6646","contributorId":106125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loveland","given":"Thomas R.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":404267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70025213,"text":"70025213 - 2003 - The west-central Florida inner shelf and coastal system: A geologic conceptual overview and introduction to the special issue","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-16T10:02:11","indexId":"70025213","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The west-central Florida inner shelf and coastal system: A geologic conceptual overview and introduction to the special issue","docAbstract":"This paper provides an overview for this special publication on the geologic framework of the inner shelf and coastal zone of west-central Florida. This is a significant geologic setting in that it lies at the center of an ancient carbonate platform facing an enormous ramp that has exerted large-scale control on coastal geomorphology, the availability of sediments, and the level of wave energy. In order to understand the Holocene geologic history of this depositional system, a regional study defined by natural boundaries (north end of a barrier island to the apex of a headland) was undertaken by a group of government and university coastal geologists using a wide variety of laboratory and field techniques. It is the purpose of this introductory paper to define the character of this coastal/inner shelf system, provide a historical geologic perspective and background of environmental information, define the overall database, present the collective objectives of this regional study, and very briefly present the main aspects of each contribution. Specific conclusions are presented at the end of each paper composing this volume. ?? 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0025-3227(03)00161-0","issn":"00253227","usgsCitation":"Hine, A.C., Brooks, G.R., Davis, R., Duncan, D., Locker, S., Twichell, D., and Gelfenbaum, G., 2003, The west-central Florida inner shelf and coastal system: A geologic conceptual overview and introduction to the special issue: Marine Geology, v. 200, no. 1-4, p. 1-17, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-3227(03)00161-0.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"17","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236142,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"200","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb1d9e4b08c986b325453","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hine, A. C.","contributorId":21197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hine","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brooks, G. R.","contributorId":96312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Davis, R.A. Jr.","contributorId":21198,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"R.A.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Duncan, D.S.","contributorId":41637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duncan","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Locker, S. D.","contributorId":81532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Locker","given":"S. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Twichell, D.C.","contributorId":84304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Twichell","given":"D.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Gelfenbaum, G.","contributorId":72429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gelfenbaum","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70025210,"text":"70025210 - 2003 - Linking Proxy-Based and Datum-Based Shorelines on a High-Energy Coastline: Implications for Shoreline Change Analyses","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:57","indexId":"70025210","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Linking Proxy-Based and Datum-Based Shorelines on a High-Energy Coastline: Implications for Shoreline Change Analyses","docAbstract":"A primary purpose of this paper is to quantitatively link variously defined and derived shoreline estimates commonly used for shoreline change analysis. Estimates of shoreline mapping and derivation error, natural shoreline variability, and the relationships between horizontally-derived (proxy-based) shorelines to vertical datums (e.g. MHW) are presented. A series of shoreline repeatability and variability experiments as well as data from a beach monitoring program along the high-energy US Pacific Northwest coast, indicate total uncertainty estimates of the horizontal position of proxy-based shorelines to be approximately ?? 50-150 m for T-sheets and aerial photography and approximately ?? 15 m for datum-based shorelines derived from ground- or air-based topographic surveys. The ability to obtain reliable shoreline change results depends upon both the selected shoreline definition (e.g. horizontal- or feature-based proxy, or datum-based intercept) and the accuracy of the technique used in mapping or interpreting its position. The position of the selected shoreline on the beach profile determines its inherent temporal and spatial variability, an important consideration that has often been overlooked in the scientific literature on shoreline change, Historical shorelines mapped on NOS T-sheets and aerial photos have commonly identified high water line (HWL)-type shorelines, which are shown to be higher on the beach surface than the MHW-datum intercept along coasts subject to wave runup. Analyses of 4.5 years of beach profile data from the southwest Washington coast suggest that both the MHW and HWL-type shorelines have greater natural short-term variability than expected, significantly greater than the variability of shoreline proxies defined farther landward and higher on the beach profile. A model for determining the natural variability of HWL-type shorelines reveals that this short-term variability is the dominant factor in the large total uncertainty values associated with shorelines derived from T-sheets and aerial photographs. The results of these analyses and quantitative comparisons are relevant to determining the significance of historical shoreline changes, as well as to defining the appropriate shoreline proxy or datum and time scale for future shoreline change analysis.","largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Coastal Research","language":"English","issn":"07490208","usgsCitation":"Ruggiero, P., Kaminsky, G.M., and Gelfenbaum, G., 2003, Linking Proxy-Based and Datum-Based Shorelines on a High-Energy Coastline: Implications for Shoreline Change Analyses, in Journal of Coastal Research, no. SPEC. ISS. 38, p. 57-82.","startPage":"57","endPage":"82","numberOfPages":"26","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236064,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"SPEC. ISS. 38","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a47cfe4b0c8380cd679c1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ruggiero, P.","contributorId":25995,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruggiero","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kaminsky, G. M.","contributorId":50586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaminsky","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gelfenbaum, G.","contributorId":72429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gelfenbaum","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70025197,"text":"70025197 - 2003 - Kilauea east rift zone magmatism: An episode 54 perspective","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-21T17:42:40.769696","indexId":"70025197","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2420,"text":"Journal of Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Kilauea east rift zone magmatism: An episode 54 perspective","docAbstract":"On January 29 30, 1997, prolonged steady-state effusion of lava from Pu'u'O'o was briefly disrupted by shallow extension beneath Napau Crater, 1 4 km uprift of the active Kilauea vent. A 23-h-long eruption (episode 54) ensued from fissures that were overlapping or en echelon with eruptive fissures formed during episode 1 in 1983 and those of earlier rift zone eruptions in 1963 and 1968. Combined geophysical and petrologic data for the 1994 1999 eruptive interval, including episode 54, reveal a variety of shallow magmatic conditions that persist in association with prolonged rift zone eruption. Near-vent lava samples document a significant range in composition, temperature and crystallinity of pre-eruptive magma. As supported by phenocryst liquid relations and Kilauea mineral thermometers established herein, the rift zone extension that led to episode 54 resulted in mixture of near-cotectic magma with discrete magma bodies cooled to ≤1100°C. Mixing models indicate that magmas isolated beneath Napau Crater since 1963 and 1968 constituted 32 65% of the hybrid mixtures erupted during episode 54. Geophysical measurements support passive displacement of open-system magma along the active east rift conduit into closed-system rift-reservoirs along a shallow zone of extension. Geophysical and petrologic data for early episode 55 document the gradual flushing of episode 54 related magma during magmatic recharge of the edifice.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/petrology/egg048","issn":"00223530","usgsCitation":"Thornber, C., Heliker, C., Sherrod, D.R., Kauahikaua, J.P., Mikijus, A., Okubo, P.G., Trusdell, F., Budahn, J., Ridley, W., and Meeker, G., 2003, Kilauea east rift zone magmatism: An episode 54 perspective: Journal of Petrology, v. 44, no. 9, p. 1525-1559, https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egg048.","productDescription":"35 p.","startPage":"1525","endPage":"1559","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":388280,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea East Rift Zone","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.1104736328125,\n 19.80805412808859\n ],\n [\n -155.2532958984375,\n 19.456233596018\n ],\n [\n -155.3192138671875,\n 19.25929414046391\n ],\n [\n -155.1104736328125,\n 19.295590314804254\n ],\n [\n -154.8358154296875,\n 19.440694401302856\n ],\n [\n -154.8248291015625,\n 19.53390722018251\n ],\n [\n -155.0335693359375,\n 19.761533975023298\n ],\n [\n -155.1104736328125,\n 19.80805412808859\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"44","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4091e4b0c8380cd64e6b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thornber, C.R.","contributorId":69302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thornber","given":"C.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Heliker, C.","contributorId":80314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heliker","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sherrod, D. R.","contributorId":44559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherrod","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kauahikaua, J. P.","contributorId":69992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kauahikaua","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mikijus, Asta 0000-0002-2286-1886","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2286-1886","contributorId":80431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mikijus","given":"Asta","affiliations":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":404203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Okubo, P. G. 0000-0002-0381-6051","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0381-6051","contributorId":95899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Okubo","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Trusdell, F. A.","contributorId":57471,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trusdell","given":"F. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Budahn, J. R. 0000-0001-9794-8882","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9794-8882","contributorId":83914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Budahn","given":"J. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Ridley, W.I.","contributorId":72122,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ridley","given":"W.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Meeker, G.P.","contributorId":34539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meeker","given":"G.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70025194,"text":"70025194 - 2003 - Spatial pattern of risk of common raven predation on desert tortoises","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-03T16:11:48.599577","indexId":"70025194","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial pattern of risk of common raven predation on desert tortoises","docAbstract":"Common Ravens (Corvus corax) in the Mojave Desert of California, USA are subsidized by anthropogenic resources. Large numbers of nonbreeding ravens are attracted to human developments and thus are spatially restricted, whereas breeding ravens are distributed more evenly throughout the area. We investigated whether the spatial distribution of risk of predation by ravens to juveniles of the threatened desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) was determined by the spatial distribution of (1) nonbreeding ravens at human developments (leading to \"spillover\" predation) or (2) breeding individuals throughout developed and undeveloped areas (leading to \" hyperpredation\"). Predation risk, measured using styrofoam models of juvenile desert tortoises, was high near places attracting large numbers of nonbreeding ravens, near successful nests, and far from successful nests when large numbers of nonbreeding ravens were present. Patterns consistent with both \"spillover\" predation and \"hyperpredation\" were thus observed, attributed to the nonbreeding and breeding segments of the population, respectively. Furthermore, because locations of successful nests changed almost annually, consistent low-predation refugia for juvenile desert tortoises were nearly nonexistent. Consequently, anthropogenic resources for ravens could indirectly lead to the suppression, decline, or even extinction of desert tortoise populations.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1890/02-0448","issn":"00129658","usgsCitation":"Kristan, W., and Boarman, W., 2003, Spatial pattern of risk of common raven predation on desert tortoises: Ecology, v. 84, no. 9, p. 2432-2443, https://doi.org/10.1890/02-0448.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"2432","endPage":"2443","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235807,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Edwards Air Force Base, Mojave Desert","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.22181701660156,\n 34.72186182741279\n ],\n [\n -117.67524719238281,\n 34.72186182741279\n ],\n [\n -117.67524719238281,\n 35.106428057364255\n ],\n [\n -118.22181701660156,\n 35.106428057364255\n ],\n [\n -118.22181701660156,\n 34.72186182741279\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"84","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9493e4b08c986b31ab87","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kristan, W. B. III","contributorId":106444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kristan","given":"W. B.","suffix":"III","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boarman, W.I.","contributorId":73523,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boarman","given":"W.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70025191,"text":"70025191 - 2003 - Slip history and dynamic implications of the 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan, earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-22T19:42:10.236527","indexId":"70025191","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Slip history and dynamic implications of the 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan, earthquake","docAbstract":"[1] We investigate the rupture process of the 1999 Chi‐Chi, Taiwan, earthquake using extensive near‐source observations, including three‐component velocity waveforms at 36 strong motion stations and 119 GPS measurements. A three‐plane fault geometry derived from our previous inversion using only static data [Ji et al., 2001] is applied. The slip amplitude, rake angle, rupture initiation time, and risetime function are inverted simultaneously with a recently developed finite fault inverse method that combines a wavelet transform approach with a simulated annealing algorithm [Ji et al., 2002b]. The inversion results are validated by the forward prediction of an independent data set, the teleseismic P and SH ground velocities, with notable agreement. The results show that the total seismic moment release of this earthquake is 2.7 × 1020 N m and that most of the slip occurred in a triangular‐shaped asperity involving two fault segments, which is consistent with our previous static inversion. The rupture front propagates with an average rupture velocity of ∼2.0 km s−1, and the average slip duration (risetime) is 7.2 s. Several interesting observations related to the temporal evolution of the Chi‐Chi earthquake are also investigated, including (1) the strong effect of the sinuous fault plane of the Chelungpu fault on spatial and temporal variations in slip history, (2) the intersection of fault 1 and fault 2 not being a strong impediment to the rupture propagation, and (3) the observation that the peak slip velocity near the surface is, in general, higher than on the deeper portion of the fault plane, as predicted by dynamic modeling.
The next generation of U.S. polar orbiting environmental satellites, are now under development. These satellites, jointly developed by the Department of Defense (DoD), the Department of Commerce (DOC), and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), will be known as the National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS). It is expected that the first of these satellites will be launched in 2010. NPOESS has been designed to meet the operational needs of the U.S. civilian meteorological, environmental, climatic, and space environmental remote sensing programs, and the Global Military Space and Geophysical Environmental remote sensing programs. This system, however, did not meet all the needs of the user community interested in operational oceanography (particularly in coastal regions). Beginning in the fall of 2000, the Integrated Program Office (IPO), a joint DoD, DOC, and NASA office responsible for the NPOESS development, initiated the Ocean Observer Study (OOS). The purpose of this study was to assess and recommend how best to measure the missing or inadequately sampled ocean parameters. This paper summarizes the ocean measurement requirements documented in the OOS, describes the national need to measure these parameters, and describes the satellite instrumentation required to make those measurements.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ingenta","doi":"10.4031/002533203787537302","issn":"00253324","usgsCitation":"Cunningham, J., Chambers, D., Davis, C., Gerber, A., Helz, R., McGuire, J., and Pichel, W., 2003, Ocean observer study: A proposed national asset to augment the future U.S. operational satellite system: Marine Technology Society Journal, v. 37, no. 3, p. 142-157, https://doi.org/10.4031/002533203787537302.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"142","endPage":"157","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478450,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.4031/002533203787537302","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":388315,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6c93e4b0c8380cd74cc9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cunningham, J.D.","contributorId":103849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cunningham","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chambers, D.","contributorId":14158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chambers","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Davis, C.O.","contributorId":19757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"C.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gerber, A.","contributorId":60827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gerber","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Helz, R.","contributorId":68083,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helz","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"McGuire, J.P.","contributorId":94076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuire","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Pichel, W.","contributorId":30015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pichel","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70025185,"text":"70025185 - 2003 - A mechanism for offshore initiation of harmful algal blooms in the coastal Gulf of Maine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:29","indexId":"70025185","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2430,"text":"Journal of Plankton Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A mechanism for offshore initiation of harmful algal blooms in the coastal Gulf of Maine","docAbstract":"A combination of observations and model results suggest a mechanism by which coastal blooms of the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium fundyense can be initiated from dormant cysts located in offshore sediments. The mechanism arises from the joint effects of organism behavior and the wind-driven response of a surface-trapped plume of fresh water originating from riverine sources. During upwelling-favorable winds, the plume thins vertically and extends offshore; downwelling winds thicken the plume and confine it to the nearshore region. In the western Gulf of Maine, the offshore extent of the river plume during upwelling conditions is suffcient to entrain upward-swimming A. fundyense cells germinated from offshore cyst beds. Subsequent downwelling conditions then transport those populations towards the coast.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Plankton Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1093/plankt/25.9.1131","issn":"01427873","usgsCitation":"McGillicuddy, D., Signell, R.P., Stock, C., Keafer, B., Keller, M., Hetland, R., and Anderson, D., 2003, A mechanism for offshore initiation of harmful algal blooms in the coastal Gulf of Maine: Journal of Plankton Research, v. 25, no. 9, p. 1131-1138, https://doi.org/10.1093/plankt/25.9.1131.","startPage":"1131","endPage":"1138","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478491,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/plankt/25.9.1131","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":209339,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/plankt/25.9.1131"},{"id":235653,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e44be4b0c8380cd4656b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McGillicuddy, D.J. Jr.","contributorId":27655,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGillicuddy","given":"D.J.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Signell, R. P.","contributorId":89147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Signell","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stock, C.A.","contributorId":32714,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stock","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Keafer, B.A.","contributorId":77343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keafer","given":"B.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Keller, M.D.","contributorId":63208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keller","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hetland, R.D.","contributorId":31182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hetland","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Anderson, D.M.","contributorId":32294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70025182,"text":"70025182 - 2003 - Stratigraphic framework of sediment-starved sand ridges on a mixed siliciclastic/carbonate inner shelf; west-central Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-16T10:12:39","indexId":"70025182","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stratigraphic framework of sediment-starved sand ridges on a mixed siliciclastic/carbonate inner shelf; west-central Florida","docAbstract":"Seismic reflection profiles and vibracores have revealed that an inner shelf, sand-ridge field has developed over the past few thousand years situated on an elevated, broad bedrock terrace. This terrace extends seaward of a major headland associated with the modern barrier-island coastline of west-central Florida. The overall geologic setting is a low-energy, sediment-starved, mixed siliciclastic/carbonate inner continental shelf supporting a thin sedimentary veneer. This veneer is arranged in a series of subparallel, shore-oblique, and to a minor extent, shore-parallel sand ridges. Seven major facies are present beneath the ridges, including a basal Neogene limestone gravel facies and a blue-green clay facies indicative of dominantly authigenic sedimentation. A major sequence boundary separates these older units from Holocene age, organic-rich mud facies (marsh), which grades upward into a muddy sand facies (lagoon or shallow open shelf/seagrass meadows). Cores reveal that the muddy shelf facies is either in sharp contact or grades upward into a shelly sand facies (ravinement or sudden termination of seagrass meadows). The shelly sand facies grades upward to a mixed siliciclastic/carbonate facies, which forms the sand ridges themselves. This mixed siliciclastic/carbonate facies differs from the sediment on the beach and shoreface, suggesting insignificant sediment exchange between the offshore ridges and the modern coastline. Additionally, the lack of early Holocene, pre-ridge facies in the troughs between the ridges suggests that the ridges themselves do not migrate laterally extensively. Radiocarbon dating has indicated that these sand ridges can form relatively quickly (???1.3 ka) on relatively low-energy inner shelves once open-marine conditions are available, and that frequent, high-energy, storm-dominated conditions are not necessarily required. We suggest that the two inner shelf depositional models presented (open-shelf vs. migrating barrier-island) may have co-existed spatially and/or temporally to explain the distribution of facies and vertical facies contacts. ?? 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkTitle":"Marine Geology","language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0025-3227(03)00183-X","issn":"00253227","usgsCitation":"Edwards, J., Harrison, S.E., Locker, S., Hine, A.C., and Twichell, D., 2003, Stratigraphic framework of sediment-starved sand ridges on a mixed siliciclastic/carbonate inner shelf; west-central Florida: Marine Geology, v. 200, no. 1-4, p. 195-217, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-3227(03)00183-X.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"195","endPage":"217","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236214,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209584,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0025-3227(03)00183-X"}],"volume":"200","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b990be4b08c986b31c202","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Edwards, J.H.","contributorId":96467,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harrison, S. E.","contributorId":87976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harrison","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Locker, S. D.","contributorId":81532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Locker","given":"S. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hine, A. C.","contributorId":21197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hine","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Twichell, D.C.","contributorId":84304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Twichell","given":"D.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70025181,"text":"70025181 - 2003 - Unusually large earthquakes inferred from tsunami deposits along the Kuril trench","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:56","indexId":"70025181","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Unusually large earthquakes inferred from tsunami deposits along the Kuril trench","docAbstract":"The Pacific plate converges with northeastern Eurasia at a rate of 8-9 m per century along the Kamchatka, Kuril and Japan trenches. Along the southern Kuril trench, which faces the Japanese island of Hokkaido, this fast subduction has recurrently generated earthquakes with magnitudes of up to ???8 over the past two centuries. These historical events, on rupture segments 100-200 km long, have been considered characteristic of Hokkaido's plate-boundary earthquakes. But here we use deposits of prehistoric tsunamis to infer the infrequent occurrence of larger earthquakes generated from longer ruptures. Many of these tsunami deposits form sheets of sand that extend kilometres inland from the deposits of historical tsunamis. Stratigraphic series of extensive sand sheets, intercalated with dated volcanic-ash layers, show that such unusually large tsunamis occurred about every 500 years on average over the past 2,000-7,000 years, most recently ???350 years ago. Numerical simulations of these tsunamis are best explained by earthquakes that individually rupture multiple segments along the southern Kuril trench. We infer that such multi-segment earthquakes persistently recur among a larger number of single-segment events.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nature","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1038/nature01864","issn":"00280836","usgsCitation":"Nanayama, F., Satake, K., Furukawa, R., Shimokawa, K., Atwater, B., Shigeno, K., and Yamaki, S., 2003, Unusually large earthquakes inferred from tsunami deposits along the Kuril trench: Nature, v. 424, no. 6949, p. 660-663, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature01864.","startPage":"660","endPage":"663","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209583,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature01864"},{"id":236213,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"424","issue":"6949","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbd09e4b08c986b328e99","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nanayama, F.","contributorId":77340,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nanayama","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Satake, K.","contributorId":53124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Satake","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Furukawa, R.","contributorId":45098,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Furukawa","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shimokawa, K.","contributorId":29614,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shimokawa","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Atwater, B.F. 0000-0003-1155-2815","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1155-2815","contributorId":14006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Atwater","given":"B.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Shigeno, K.","contributorId":88927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shigeno","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Yamaki, S.","contributorId":54379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yamaki","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70025180,"text":"70025180 - 2003 - Geochronology and eruptive history of the Katmai volcanic cluster, Alaska Peninsula","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-26T12:40:32","indexId":"70025180","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochronology and eruptive history of the Katmai volcanic cluster, Alaska Peninsula","docAbstract":"In the Katmai district of the Alaska Peninsula, K–Ar and 40Ar/39Ar ages have been determined for a dozen andesite–dacite stratocones on the arc front and for 11 rear-arc volcanoes, 10 of which are monogenetic. Tied to mapping and stratigraphic studies, our dating emphasized proximal basal lavas that rest on basement rocks, in order to estimate ages of inception of each polygenetic cone. Oldest among arc-front cones is Alagogshak Volcano (690–43 ka), succeeded in the Holocene by the active Mount Martin cone. Mount Mageik consists of four overlapping subedifices, basal lavas of which give ages of 93, 71, and 59 ka, and Holocene. The three small prehistoric cones of Trident Volcano yield ages of 143, 101–58, and 44 ka. Falling Mountain and Mount Cerberus, dacite domes near the 1912 Novarupta vent, are related compositionally to the Trident group and give ages of 70 ka and 114 ka. Mount Katmai, which underwent caldera collapse in 1912, consists of two subedifices that overlapped in space and time, and is the only arc-front center here to include basalt and rhyolite; one cone began by 90 ka, the other by 47 ka. Snowy Mountain also consists of two contiguous cones, which started around 200 and 171 ka, respectively, the younger remaining active into the Holocene. Devils Desk, the only mafic cone on the arc front, was short-lived at about 245 ka. In the rear-arc, (1) Mount Griggs produced mafic-to-silicic andesite in several episodes between 292 ka and the Holocene; (2) the Savonoski River cluster includes a Pliocene dacite dome and five small mafic cones (390–88 ka); (3) Gertrude Creek cone (49.8% SiO2) yields an age of 500 ka; and (4) the Saddlehorn Creek cluster includes five Pliocene basalt-to-andesite remnants. Eruptive volumes were reconstructed, permitting estimates of average eruption rates for edifice lifetimes. Since the mid Pleistocene, total volume erupted along the arc front here is 210±47 km3 and in the rear-arc 39±6 km3, of which Mount Griggs alone accounts for 35±5 km3. Most productive has been Mount Katmai at 70±18 km3, yielding a rate of ∼1 km3/kyr, followed by Mount Mageik (0.33 km3/kyr) and Mount Griggs (0.3 km3/kyr since 50 ka).
\n\n
Carlin-type deposits in the Alligator Ridge mining district are present sporadically for 40 km along the north-striking Mooney Basin fault system but are restricted to a 250-m interval of Devonian to Mississippian strata. Their age is bracketed between silicified ca. 45 Ma sedimentary rocks and unaltered 36.5 to 34 Ma volcanic rocks. The silicification is linked to the deposits by its continuity with ore-grade silicification in Devonian-Mississippian strata and by its similar δ 18O values (_e1∼17‰) and trace element signature (As, Sb, Tl, Hg). Eocene reconstruction indicates that the deposits formed at depths of ≤300 to 800 m. In comparison to most Carlin-type gold deposits, they have lower Au/Ag, Au grades, and contained Au, more abundant jasperoid, and textural evidence from deposition of an amorphous silica precursor in jasperoid. These differences most likely result from their shallow depth of formation. The peak fluid temperature (_e1∼230°C) and large δ 18O H2O value shift from the meteroric water line (_e1∼20‰) suggest that ore fluids were derived from depths of 8 km or more. A magnetotelluric survey indicates that the Mooney Basin fault system penetrates to mid-crustal depths. Deep circulation of meteoric water along the Mooney Basin fault system may have been in response to initial uplift of the East Humboldt-Ruby Mountains metamorphic core complex; convection also may have been promoted by increased heat flow associated with large magnitude extension in the core complex and regional magmatism. Ore fluids ascended along the fault system until they encountered impermeable Devonian and Mississippian shales, at which point they moved laterally through permeable strata in the Devonian Guilmette Formation, Devonian-Mississippian Pilot Shale, Mississippian Joana Limestone, and Mississippian Chainman Shale toward erosional windows where they ascended into Eocene fluvial conglomerates and lake sediments. Most gold precipitated by sulfidation of host-rock Fe and mixing with local ground water in zones of lateral fluid flow in reactive strata, such as the Lower Devonian-Mississippian Pilot Shale.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.98.6.1225","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Nutt, C., and Hofstra, A., 2003, Alligator ridge district, East-Central Nevada: Carlin-type gold mineralization at shallow depths: Economic Geology, v. 98, no. 6, p. 1225-1241, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.98.6.1225.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"1225","endPage":"1241","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":387491,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"98","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e96be4b0c8380cd4828a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nutt, C.J.","contributorId":52577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nutt","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hofstra, A. H. 0000-0002-2450-1593","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2450-1593","contributorId":41426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hofstra","given":"A. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70025173,"text":"70025173 - 2003 - Nuclear transfer of synchronized African wild cat somatic cells into enucleated domestic cat oocytes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:57","indexId":"70025173","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1033,"text":"Biology of Reproduction","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nuclear transfer of synchronized African wild cat somatic cells into enucleated domestic cat oocytes","docAbstract":"The African wild cat is one of the smallest wild cats and its future is threatened by hybridization with domestic cats. Nuclear transfer, a valuable tool for retaining genetic variability, offers the possibility of species continuation rather than extinction. The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of somatic cell nuclei of the African wild cat (AWC) to dedifferentiate within domestic cat (DSH) cytoplasts and to support early development after nuclear transplantation. In experiment 1, distributions of AWC and DSH fibroblasts in each cell-cycle phase were assessed by flow cytometry using cells cultured to confluency and disaggregated with pronase, trypsin, or mechanical separation. Trypsin (89.0%) and pronase (93.0%) yielded higher proportions of AWC nuclei in the G0/G1 phase than mechanical separation (82.0%). In contrast, mechanical separation yielded higher percentages of DSH nuclei in the G0/G1 phase (86.6%) than pronase (79.7%) or trypsin (74.2%) treatments. In both species, pronase induced less DNA damage than trypsin. In experiment 2, the effects of serum starvation, culture to confluency, and exposure to roscovitine on the distribution of AWC and DSH fibroblasts in various phases of the cell cycle were determined. Flow cytometry analyses revealed that the dynamics of the cell cycle varied as culture conditions were modified. Specifically, a higher percentage of AWC and DSH nuclei were in the G0/G1 phase after cells were serum starved (83% vs. 96%) than were present in cycling cells (50% vs. 64%), after contact inhibition (61% vs. 88%), or after roscovitine (56% vs. 84%) treatment, respectively. In experiment 3, we evaluated the effects of cell synchronization and oocyte maturation (in vivo vs. in vitro) on the reconstruction and development of AWC-DSH- and DSH-DSH-cloned embryos. The method of cell synchronization did not affect the fusion and cleavage rate because only a slightly higher percentage of fused couplets cleaved when donor nuclei were synchronized by serum starvation (83.0%) than after roscovitine (80.0%) or contact-inhibition (80.0%). The fusion efficiency of in vivo and in vitro matured oocytes used as recipient cytoplasts of AWC donor nuclei (86.6% vs. 85.2%) was similar to the rates obtained with DSH donor nuclei, 83.7% vs. 73.0%, respectively. The only significant effect of source of donor nucleus (AWC vs. DSH) was on the rate of blastocyst formation in vitro. A higher percentage of the embryos derived from AWC nuclei developed to the blastocyst stage than did embryos produced from DSH nuclei, 24.2% vs. 3.3%, respectively (P < 0.05). In experiment 4, the effect of calcium in the fusion medium on induction of oocyte activation and development of AWC-DSH-cloned embryos was determined. The presence of calcium in the fusion medium induced a high incidence of cleavage of DSH oocytes (54.3%), while oocyte cleavage frequency was much lower in the absence of calcium (16.6%). The presence or absence of calcium in the fusion medium did not affect the fusion, cleavage, and blastocyst development of AWC-DSH-cloned embryos. In experiment 5, AWC-DSH-cloned embryos were transferred to the uteri of 11 synchronized domestic cat recipients on Day 6 or 7 after oocyte aspiration. Recipients were assessed by ultrasonography on Day 21 postovulation, but no pregnancies were observed. In the present study, after NT, AWC donor nuclei were able to dedifferentiate in DSH cytoplasts and support high rates of blastocyst development in vitro. Incomplete reprogramming of the differentiated nucleus may be a major constraint to the in vivo developmental potential of the embryos.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biology of Reproduction","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1095/biolreprod.102.014449","issn":"00063363","usgsCitation":"Gomez, M., Jenkins, J., Giraldo, A., Harris, R., King, A., Dresser, B., and Pope, C., 2003, Nuclear transfer of synchronized African wild cat somatic cells into enucleated domestic cat oocytes: Biology of Reproduction, v. 69, no. 3, p. 1032-1041, https://doi.org/10.1095/biolreprod.102.014449.","startPage":"1032","endPage":"1041","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487503,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1095/biolreprod.102.014449","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":209516,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1095/biolreprod.102.014449"},{"id":236062,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"69","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a68d3e4b0c8380cd739fc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gomez, M.C.","contributorId":67704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gomez","given":"M.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jenkins, J.A. 0000-0002-5087-0894","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5087-0894","contributorId":51703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenkins","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":404101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Giraldo, A.","contributorId":58826,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giraldo","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Harris, R.F.","contributorId":66044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"R.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"King, A.","contributorId":68521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dresser, B.L.","contributorId":56841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dresser","given":"B.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Pope, C.E.","contributorId":96064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pope","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70025170,"text":"70025170 - 2003 - Arsenic speciation and reactivity in poultry litter","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-19T10:51:09","indexId":"70025170","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Arsenic speciation and reactivity in poultry litter","docAbstract":"Recent U.S. government action to lower the maximum concentration levels (MCL) of total arsenic (As) (10 ppb) in drinking water has raised serious concerns about the agricultural use of As-containing biosolids such as poultry litter (PL). In this study, solid-state chemical speciation, desorbability, and total levels of As in PL and long-term amended soils were investigated using novel synchrotron-based probing techniques (microfocused (μ) synchrotron X-ray fluorescence (SXRF) and μ-X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopies) coupled with chemical digestion and batch experiments. The total As levels in the PL were as high as ≈50 mg kg-1, and As(II/III and V) was always concentrated in abundant needle-shaped microscopic particles (≈20 μm × 850 μm) associated with Ca, Cu, and Fe and to a lesser extent with S, Cl, and Zn. Post-edge XANES features of litter particles are dissimilar to those of the organo-As(V) compound in poultry feed (i.e., roxarsone), suggesting possible degradation/transformation of roxarsone in the litter and/or in poultry digestive tracts. The extent of As desorption from the litter increased with increasing time and pH from 4.5 to 7, but at most 15% of the total As was released after 5 d at pH 7, indicating the presence of insoluble phases and/or strongly retained soluble compounds. No significant As accumulation (<15 mg kg-1) was found in long-term PL-amended agricultural surface soils. This suggests that As in the PL may have undergone surface and subsurface transport processes. Our research results raise concerns about long-term PL amendment effects on As contamination in surrounding soil−water environments.