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Few lambs were observed during annual midsummer aerial surveys in 1991 to 1994. We suspect that these declines resulted from a combination of poorer nutritional condition and increased vulnerability of sheep to predation resulting from severe winter conditions.</p><p>As a result of these declines, both subsistence and sport hunting seasons were closed by emergency order in 1991, resulting in substantial management controversy. The affected publics, although willing to accept the closures, questioned the validity of the sheep survey data and strongly emphasized their interest in restoring harvests as soon as populations increased sufficiently. In 1995 the Northwest Arctic Regional Advisory Council, the local advisory committee for the Federal Subsistence Board, passed a motion supporting efforts to initiate research on sheep populations in the region to better understand the factors limiting sheep populations and to evaluate sheep survey methodologies.</p><p>Currently estimates of Dall’s sheep population size and composition in the western Brooks Range are based on intensive fixed-wing aerial surveys conducted annually since 1986 in areas including the Baird Mountains. The annual variation in recent Baird Mountains aerial counts cannot be explained with reasonable assumptions about reproduction and survival, suggesting that there is some variability in the proportion of the population observed each year or that a substantial number of sheep move during the survey. Prior to our research, no attempt had been made to estimate visibility bias or precision for these surveys.</p><p>Our understanding of Dall’s sheep population biology comes largely from studies in central or southern Alaska and the southern Yukon. However, sheep in northwestern Alaska are at the northwestern extreme of their range and live in a less hospitable environment characterized by short growing seasons and long, severe winters. We expect patterns of productivity and survival for sheep in Noatak National Preserve to differ from the more southerly populations. To adequately manage sheep harvests in northwestern Alaska, we need a better understanding of sheep demography. Along with unbiased population estimates, understanding the dynamics of sheep populations in the region will allow population models to be developed that can provide focus for a useful dialog on management goals and strategies and facilitate a cooperative strategy for managing sheep harvests in northwestern Alaska.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"National Science Foundation","publisherLocation":"Arlington, VA","usgsCitation":"Kleckner, C., Udevitz, M.S., Adams, L., and Shults, B.S., 2003, Demography of Dall's sheep in northwestern Alaska: Arctic Research of the United States, v. 16, no. 2, p. 68-73.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"68","endPage":"73","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334795,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":334793,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.arctic.gov/publications/related/arotus.html"},{"id":334802,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.nsf.gov/pubs/2003/nsf03021/nsf03021_11.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Noatak National Preserve","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -162.39990234375,\n              67.27628693406152\n            ],\n            [\n              -162.39990234375,\n              68.17563985633973\n            ],\n            [\n              -159.27978515625,\n              68.17563985633973\n            ],\n            [\n              -159.27978515625,\n              67.27628693406152\n            ],\n            [\n              -162.39990234375,\n              67.27628693406152\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"16","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"589847a8e4b0efcedb7072d5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kleckner, Christopher","contributorId":179099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kleckner","given":"Christopher","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":662628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Udevitz, Mark S. 0000-0003-4659-138X mudevitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4659-138X","contributorId":3189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Udevitz","given":"Mark","email":"mudevitz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":662629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Adams, Layne G. 0000-0001-6212-2896 ladams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6212-2896","contributorId":2776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Layne G.","email":"ladams@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":662630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shults, Brad S.","contributorId":46413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shults","given":"Brad","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70025279,"text":"70025279 - 2003 - High-resolution multibeam mapping and submersible surveys of topographic features in the northwestern Gulf of Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:58","indexId":"70025279","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"High-resolution multibeam mapping and submersible surveys of topographic features in the northwestern Gulf of Mexico","docAbstract":"The Flower Garden Banks National Marine Sanctuary (FGBNMS) and the USGS Pacific Seafloor Mapping Project mapped about 2000 km2 of the northwestern Gulf of Mexico continental shelf during June 2002, using a Kongsberg Simrad EM1000 multibeam echosounder. Mapping focused on select topographic highs thave hae been idetnnfied as biological features warranting protection from oil and gas activities by the Minerals Management Service (MMS). The base maps will be used for all future ROV and submersible missions.","largerWorkTitle":"Oceans Conference Record (IEEE)","conferenceTitle":"Celebrating the Past... Teaming Toward the Future","conferenceDate":"22 September 2003 through 26 September 2003","conferenceLocation":"San Diego, CA.","language":"English","issn":"01977385","usgsCitation":"Hickerson, E., Schmahl, G., Weaver, D., and Gardner, J., 2003, High-resolution multibeam mapping and submersible surveys of topographic features in the northwestern Gulf of Mexico, <i>in</i> Oceans Conference Record (IEEE), v. 3, San Diego, CA., 22 September 2003 through 26 September 2003.","startPage":"1286","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236069,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3111e4b0c8380cd5dbdd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hickerson, E.L.","contributorId":102675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hickerson","given":"E.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schmahl, G.P.","contributorId":80058,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmahl","given":"G.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Weaver, D.C.","contributorId":53579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weaver","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gardner, J.V.","contributorId":76705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardner","given":"J.V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70025390,"text":"70025390 - 2003 - Structural framework of a major intracontinental orogenic termination zone: The easternmost Tien Shan, China","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:59","indexId":"70025390","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2545,"text":"Journal of the Geological Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Structural framework of a major intracontinental orogenic termination zone: The easternmost Tien Shan, China","docAbstract":"The Barkol Tagh and Karlik Tagh ranges of the easternmost Tien Shan are a natural laboratory for studying the fault architecture of an active termination zone of a major intracontinental mountain range. Barkol and Karlik Tagh and lesser ranges to the north are bounded by active thrust faults that locally deform Quaternary sediments. Major thrusts in Karlik Tagh connect along strike to the east with the left-lateral Gobi-Tien Shan Fault System in SW Mongolia. From a Mongolian perspective. Karlik Tagh represents a large restraining bend for this regional strike-slip fault system, and the entire system of thrusts and strike-slip faults in the Karlik Tagh region defines a horsetail splay fault geometry. Regionally, there appears to be a kinematic transition from thrust-dominated deformation in the central Tien Shan to left-lateral transpressional deformation in the easternmost Tien Shan. This transition correlates with a general eastward decrease in mountain belt width and average elevation and a change in the angular relationship between the NNE-directed maximum horizontal stress in the region and the pre-existing basement structural grain, which is northwesterly in the central Tien Shan (orthogonal to SHmax) but more east-west in the eastern Tien Shan (acute angular relationship with SHmax . Ar-Ar ages indicate that major range-bounding thrusts in Barkol and Karlik Tagh are latest Permian-Triassic ductile thrust zones that underwent brittle reactivation in the Late Cenozoic. It is estimated that the modern mountain ranges of the extreme easternmost Tien Shan could have been constructed by only 10-15 km of Late Cenozoic horizontal shortening.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of the Geological Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00167649","usgsCitation":"Cunningham, D., Owen, L., Snee, L., and Li, J., 2003, Structural framework of a major intracontinental orogenic termination zone: The easternmost Tien Shan, China: Journal of the Geological Society, v. 160, no. 4, p. 575-590.","startPage":"575","endPage":"590","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236001,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"160","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9bebe4b08c986b31d18b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cunningham, D.","contributorId":25738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cunningham","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Owen, L.A.","contributorId":94836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Owen","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Snee, L.W.","contributorId":99981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snee","given":"L.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Li, Ji","contributorId":22916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"Ji","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70025389,"text":"70025389 - 2003 - Winter habitat use by female caribou in relation to wildland fires in interior Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-03T16:52:11","indexId":"70025389","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1176,"text":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Winter habitat use by female caribou in relation to wildland fires in interior Alaska","docAbstract":"<p><span>The role of wildland fire in the winter habitat use of caribou (</span><i>Rangifer tarandus</i><span>) has long been debated. Fire has been viewed as detrimental to caribou because it destroys the slow-growing climax forage lichens that caribou utilize in winter. Other researchers argued that caribou were not reliant on lichens and that fire may be beneficial, even in the short term. We evaluated the distribution of caribou relative to recent fires (&lt;50 years old) within the current winter range of the Nelchina caribou herd in east-central Alaska. To address issues concerning independence and spatial and temporal scales, we used both conventional very high frequency and global positioning system telemetry to estimate caribou use relative to recent, known-aged burns. In addition, we used two methods to estimate availability of different habitat classes. Caribou used recently burned areas much less than expected, regardless of methodologies used. Moreover, within burns, caribou were more likely to use habitat within 500 m of the burn perimeter than core areas. Methods for determining use and availability did not have large influences on our measures of habitat selectivity.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research press","doi":"10.1139/z03-109","usgsCitation":"Joly, K., Dale, B.W., Collins, W.B., and Adams, L., 2003, Winter habitat use by female caribou in relation to wildland fires in interior Alaska: Canadian Journal of Zoology, v. 81, no. 7, p. 1192-1201, https://doi.org/10.1139/z03-109.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1192","endPage":"1201","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":486681,"rank":1,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P1365EPK","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"GPS Tracking Data for the Nelchina Herd Caribou (Rangifer tarandus granti), Alaska, 1999-2002"},{"id":235968,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"81","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bd153e4b08c986b32f378","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Joly, Kyle","contributorId":53117,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Joly","given":"Kyle","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12462,"text":"U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":405002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dale, Bruce W.","contributorId":6769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dale","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Collins, William B.","contributorId":190452,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Collins","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Adams, Layne G. 0000-0001-6212-2896 ladams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6212-2896","contributorId":2776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Layne G.","email":"ladams@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":405004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70025260,"text":"70025260 - 2003 - Post-breeding distribution of Long-tailed Ducks Clangula hyemalis from the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-16T15:08:59.701556","indexId":"70025260","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3764,"text":"Wildfowl","onlineIssn":"2052-6458","printIssn":"0954-6324","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Post-breeding distribution of Long-tailed Ducks Clangula hyemalis from the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>Breeding populations of Long-tailed Ducks <i>Clangula hyemalis</i> have declined in western Alaska, particularly on the Yukon-Kuskokwim (Y-K) Delta, and the species is currently considered a species of particular concern by the U.S. Fish &amp; Wildlife Service in Alaska. Potential factors that may have contributed to this decline that occurred away from the breeding grounds could not be considered since moulting and wintering areas for this population were unknown. A study was conducted in 1998 and 1999 to locate the moulting and wintering areas of the Y-K Delta breeding population. VHF and satellite transmitters were deployed to identify areas used by moulting birds. Based on the locations identified by satellite telemetry, aerial surveys were flown to locate birds marked with VHF transmitters, then low-level aerial surveys were designed and conducted to determine the number of birds using these and adjacent areas. Moulting locations of 54 marked female Long-tailed Ducks were identified: 13 marked females were found in wetlands and large lakes on the Y-K Delta, 11 in coastal lagoons at St Lawrence Island, Alaska, and two along the coast of the Chukotka Peninsula, Russia. A autumn staging area was identified along the east coast of the Chukotka Peninsula which was used by seven of 10 birds with satellite transmitters providing locations during that period. Birds wintered in coastal waters of the North Pacific Ocean north of 50°N and between 150°E and 130°W. The wide distribution of birds in winter suggests little probability of a single factor in winter contributing to the decline.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wildfowl & Wetlands Trust","usgsCitation":"Petersen, M.R., McCaffery, B.J., and Flint, P.L., 2003, Post-breeding distribution of Long-tailed Ducks Clangula hyemalis from the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska: Wildfowl, v. 54, p. 103-113.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"103","endPage":"113","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235774,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":405183,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://wildfowl.wwt.org.uk/index.php/wildfowl/article/view/1161","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -166.39892578125,\n              60.3812902796077\n            ],\n            [\n              -163.4765625,\n              60.3812902796077\n            ],\n            [\n              -163.4765625,\n              63.40136142059639\n            ],\n            [\n              -166.39892578125,\n              63.40136142059639\n            ],\n            [\n              -166.39892578125,\n              60.3812902796077\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"54","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7e57e4b0c8380cd7a49f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Petersen, Margaret R. 0000-0001-6082-3189 mrpetersen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6082-3189","contributorId":167729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petersen","given":"Margaret","email":"mrpetersen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":404492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCaffery, B. J.","contributorId":99355,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McCaffery","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Flint, Paul L. 0000-0002-8758-6993 pflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8758-6993","contributorId":3284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Paul","email":"pflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":404491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70025300,"text":"70025300 - 2003 - Meteorology and hydrology in Yosemite National Park: A sensor network application","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-19T08:57:15","indexId":"70025300","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2611,"text":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Meteorology and hydrology in Yosemite National Park: A sensor network application","docAbstract":"Over half of California's water supply comes from high elevations in the snowmelt-dominated Sierra Nevada. Natural climate fluctuations, global warming, and the growing needs of water consumers demand intelligent management of this water resource. This requires a comprehensive monitoring system across and within the Sierra Nevada. Unfortunately, because of severe terrain and limited access, few measurements exist. Thus, meteorological and hydrologic processes are not well understood at high altitudes. However, new sensor and wireless communication technologies are beginning to provide sensor packages designed for low maintenance operation, low power consumption and unobtrusive footprints. A prototype network of meteorological and hydrological sensors has been deployed in Yosemite National Park, traversing elevation zones from 1,200 to 3,700 m. Communication techniques must be tailored to suit each location, resulting in a hybrid network of radio, cell-phone, land-line, and satellite transmissions. Results are showing how, in some years, snowmelt may occur quite uniformly over the Sierra, while in others it varies with elevation. ?? Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2003.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"03029743","usgsCitation":"Lundquist, J., Cayan, D., and Dettinger, M.D., 2003, Meteorology and hydrology in Yosemite National Park: A sensor network application: Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), v. 2634, p. 518-528.","startPage":"518","endPage":"528","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235777,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2634","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a551de4b0c8380cd6d123","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lundquist, J.D.","contributorId":93243,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lundquist","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cayan, D.R.","contributorId":25961,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cayan","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16196,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":404678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dettinger, M. D. 0000-0002-7509-7332","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7509-7332","contributorId":93069,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dettinger","given":"M.","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":16196,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":404679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70025208,"text":"70025208 - 2003 - Comparison of prehatch C-start responses in rainbow trout and lake trout embryos by means of a tactile stimulus test","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:57","indexId":"70025208","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of prehatch C-start responses in rainbow trout and lake trout embryos by means of a tactile stimulus test","docAbstract":"The C-start in teleost fishes, a type of startle response, mediates the ability to respond to abrupt, unexpected stimuli and is characterized by a short-latency, C-type fast start acceleration. In prehatch fish embryos, the C-start appears necessary for mechanical breakdown of the egg chorion and successful hatching by way of increased embryo movement and distribution of the hatching enzymes. In later stages, the C-start plays an important role in predator avoidance. Using tactile stimulation, we evaluated the C-start response in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss at 170 degree-days, when 6.6% of embryos exhibited C-starts, and lake trout Salvelinus namaycush embryos at 320 degree-days, when 23% of embryos exhibited C-starts. Triplicate groups of embryos were later tested at three developmental stages: early (220 and 360 degree-days for rainbow trout and lake trout, respectively), middle (260 and 480 degree-days, respectively), and late (320 and 560 degree-days, respectively). The proportion of trout embryos exhibiting C-start increased through time, such that 100% had responded by the late stage, just prior to hatching. C-starts could be obtained by repeated stimulation, and the relative activity of the embryos (based on the number of flexures per stimulus) also increased over time. Rainbow trout and lake trout showed very similar C-start responses at parallel developmental stages, and these patterns of response were similar to those reported in other fish species.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/T01-019","issn":"00028487","usgsCitation":"Wright, P., Noltie, D.B., and Tillitt, D.E., 2003, Comparison of prehatch C-start responses in rainbow trout and lake trout embryos by means of a tactile stimulus test: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 132, no. 5, p. 988-996, https://doi.org/10.1577/T01-019.","startPage":"988","endPage":"996","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209500,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/T01-019"},{"id":236030,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"132","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f884e4b0c8380cd4d166","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wright, P.J.","contributorId":72672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Noltie, Douglas B.","contributorId":70333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noltie","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tillitt, D. E.","contributorId":83462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tillitt","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70179911,"text":"70179911 - 2003 - Olfactory sensitivity of Pacific lampreys to petromyzonol sulfate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-20T10:42:41","indexId":"70179911","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Olfactory sensitivity of Pacific lampreys to petromyzonol sulfate","docAbstract":"<p>Abstract not available&nbsp;</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"In Close, D.A. (ed.)","language":"English","publisher":"Bonneville Power Administration","usgsCitation":"Robinson, T., Bayer, J., and Seelye, J., 2003, Olfactory sensitivity of Pacific lampreys to petromyzonol sulfate.","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":333535,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58833025e4b0d002316377ba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robinson, T.C.","contributorId":178452,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Robinson","given":"T.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bayer, J.M.","contributorId":47945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bayer","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Seelye, J.G.","contributorId":32861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seelye","given":"J.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1001863,"text":"1001863 - 2003 - Predator exclusion methods for managing endangered shorebirds: Are two barriers better than one?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-03-14T17:34:27.389673","indexId":"1001863","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3731,"text":"Waterbirds","onlineIssn":"19385390","printIssn":"15244695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predator exclusion methods for managing endangered shorebirds: Are two barriers better than one?","docAbstract":"<p id=\"ID0EF\" class=\"first\">Reproductive success of shorebirds can be improved by placement of predator exclosure fences along beaches or wire-mesh exclosure “cages” over nests. We predicted that these two types of exclosures used simultaneously might further improve reproductive success over that when cages alone are used. Field experiments were carried out on Piping Plovers (<span class=\"genus-species\">Charadrius melodus</span>) on prairie alkali lakes in North Dakota and Montana. During 1996 and 1997, we compared success of nesting plover pairs provided with: (1) no protection, (2) cages that protected eggs in individual nests from both mammalian and avian predators, and (3) a combination of cages plus a temporary electric fence that excluded mammalian predators from the entire nesting beach where chicks were being reared. In 20 replicated trials, fledgling production rates were: no protection, 0.72 chicks/pair (95% CI: 0.29-1.15, N = 43 pairs); cage only, 1.73 (1.30-2.16, N = 46); fence plus cage, 2.06 (1.63-2.49, N = 50). Production by protected pairs was significantly greater than for unprotected pairs. However, no significant difference in production was detected between the two protection types. Temporary electric fences were relatively expensive to apply and added little to the effectiveness of cages, but may be appropriate in situations where cages cannot be used or where mammalian predation on chicks is a greater threat.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"The Waterbird Society","doi":"10.1675/1524-4695(2003)026[0156:PEMFME]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Murphy, R.K., Greenwood, R.J., Ivan, J., and Smith, K.A., 2003, Predator exclusion methods for managing endangered shorebirds: Are two barriers better than one?: Waterbirds, v. 26, no. 2, p. 156-159, https://doi.org/10.1675/1524-4695(2003)026[0156:PEMFME]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"156","endPage":"159","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130389,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana, North Dakota","county":"Divide County, McLean County, Mountrail County, Sheridan County, Ward County, Williams County","city":"Lostwood","otherGeospatial":"Williams Preserve","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -101.00006103515625,\n              47.48217672294507\n            ],\n            [\n              -100.70102691650389,\n              47.48217672294507\n            ],\n            [\n              -100.70102691650389,\n              47.58856790334661\n            ],\n            [\n              -101.00006103515625,\n              47.58856790334661\n            ],\n            [\n              -101.00006103515625,\n              47.48217672294507\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -102.7056884765625,\n              48.38817819201506\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.1453857421875,\n              48.38817819201506\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.1453857421875,\n              48.59341332926223\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.7056884765625,\n              48.59341332926223\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.7056884765625,\n              48.38817819201506\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -104.6832275390625,\n              47.97889140226657\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.1781005859375,\n              47.97889140226657\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.1781005859375,\n              48.99824008113872\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.6832275390625,\n              48.99824008113872\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.6832275390625,\n              47.97889140226657\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"26","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acfe4b07f02db67ff6e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Murphy, Robert K.","contributorId":67643,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Murphy","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":56253,"text":"Eagle Environmental, Inc","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":311977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Greenwood, R. J.","contributorId":74326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greenwood","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ivan, Jacob S.","contributorId":200243,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ivan","given":"Jacob S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smith, Karen A.","contributorId":77477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Karen","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":53156,"text":"fs12703 - 2003 - The human footprint in the west: a large-scale analysis of human impacts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-30T15:48:44","indexId":"fs12703","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"127-03","title":"The human footprint in the west: a large-scale analysis of human impacts","docAbstract":"Background\r\n\r\nHumans have dramatically altered wildlands in the western United States over the past 100 years by using these lands and the resources they provide. Anthropogenic changes to the landscape, such as urban expansion and development of rural areas, influence the number and kinds of plants and wildlife that remain. In addition, western ecosystems are also affected by roads, powerlines, and other networks and land uses necessary to maintain human populations.\r\n\r\nThe cumulative impacts of human presence and actions on a landscape are called the \"human footprint.\" These impacts may affect plants and wildlife by increasing the number of synanthropic (species that benefit from human activities) bird and mammal predators and facilitating their movements through the landscape or by creating unsuitable habitats. These actions can impact plants and wildlife to such an extent that the persistence of populations or entire species is questionable. For example, greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) once were widespread throughout the Great Basin, but now are a focus of conservation concern because populations have declined for the past three decades across most of their range. At the USGS Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center, we are developing spatial models to better understand potential influences of the human footprint on shrubland ecosystems and associated wildlife in the western United States.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs12703","usgsCitation":"Leu, M., 2003, The human footprint in the west: a large-scale analysis of human impacts: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 127-03, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs12703.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":4738,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2003/0127/fs12703.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 127-03"},{"id":125270,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2003/0127/coverthb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a91e4b07f02db656c8c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leu, Matthias","contributorId":68393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leu","given":"Matthias","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":246797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":2002322,"text":"2002322 - 2003 - White paper on post-fire effects, including physical and biological","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:56","indexId":"2002322","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"White paper on post-fire effects, including physical and biological","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Brooks, M., Cannon, S., and Kotliar, N., 2003, White paper on post-fire effects, including physical and biological, p. 53-56.","productDescription":"p. 53-56","startPage":"53","endPage":"56","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199193,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dde4b07f02db5e1e28","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brooks, M.L.","contributorId":70322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cannon, S.H.","contributorId":38154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannon","given":"S.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kotliar, N.B.","contributorId":7649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kotliar","given":"N.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1015292,"text":"1015292 - 2003 - A nested-intensity design for surveying plant diversity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-30T18:03:12","indexId":"1015292","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1006,"text":"Biodiversity and Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A nested-intensity design for surveying plant diversity","docAbstract":"<p>Managers of natural landscapes need cost-efficient, accurate, and precise systems to inventory plant diversity. We investigated a nested-intensity sampling design to assess local and landscape-scale heterogeneity of plant species richness in aspen stands in southern Colorado, USA. The nested-intensity design used three vegetation sampling techniques: the Modified-Whittaker, a 1000-m<sup>2</sup> multiple-scale plot (<i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">n</i> = 8); a 100-m<sup>2</sup> multiple-scale Intensive plot (<i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">n</i> = 15); and a 100-m<sup>2</sup> single-scale Extensive plot (<i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">n</i> = 28). The large Modified-Whittaker plot (1000 m<sup>2</sup>) recorded greater species richness per plot than the other two sampling techniques (<i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">P</i> &lt; 0.001), estimated cover of a greater number of species in 1-m<sup>2</sup> subplots (<i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">P</i> &lt; 0.018), and captured 32 species missed by the smaller, more numerous 100-m<sup>2</sup> plots of the other designs. The Intensive plots extended the environmental gradient sampled, capturing 17 species missed by the other techniques, and improved species–area calculations. The greater number of Extensive plots further expanded the gradient sampled, and captured 18 additional species. The multi-scale Modified-Whittaker and Intensive designs allowed quantification of the slopes of species–area curves in the single-scale Extensive plots. Multiple linear regressions were able to predict the slope of species–area curves (adj <i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.64, <i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">P</i> &lt; 0.001) at each Extensive plot, allowing comparison of species richness at each sample location. Comparison of species–accumulation curves generated with each technique suggested that small, single-scale plot techniques might be very misleading because they underestimate species richness by missing locally rare species at every site. A combination of large and small multi-scale and single-scale plots greatly improves our understanding of native and exotic plant diversity patterns.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1023/A:1021939010065","usgsCitation":"Barnett, D., and Stohlgren, T., 2003, A nested-intensity design for surveying plant diversity: Biodiversity and Conservation, v. 12, no. 2, p. 255-278, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1021939010065.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"255","endPage":"278","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132536,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ade30","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barnett, D.T.","contributorId":99504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnett","given":"D.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stohlgren, T.J.","contributorId":7217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stohlgren","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":53273,"text":"ofr2003222 - 2003 - Reconnaissance-level application of physical habitat simulation in the evaluation of physical habitat limits in the Animas Basin, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-23T11:17:50","indexId":"ofr2003222","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-222","title":"Reconnaissance-level application of physical habitat simulation in the evaluation of physical habitat limits in the Animas Basin, Colorado","docAbstract":"<p>The Animas River is in southwestern Colorado and flows mostly to the south to join the San Juan River at Farmington, New Mexico (Figure 1). The Upper Animas River watershed is in San Juan County, Colorado and is located in the San Juan Mountains. The lower river is in the Colorado Plateau country. The winters are cold with considerable snowfall and little snowmelt in the mountains in the upper part of the basin. The lower basin has less snow but the winters are still cold. The streamflows during the winter are low and reasonably stable.</p>\n<p>The native trout in the Animas Basin is the cutthroat trout. Few native trout remain and the trout found in the upper watershed are brook trout with rainbow and brown trout in the lower river. There is considerable metal contamination in the upper basin near Silverton but a brook trout fishery does exist in the Animas River from just above Howardsville to where the Animas joins Cement Creek in Silverton.</p>\n<p>There are two principle objectives of the habitat studies in the Animas Basin: (1) to improve understanding of the fate of sediment from mining operations from the view point of physical habitat impacts, and (2) to determine if reconnaissance level physical habitat studies can be useful in understanding the impacts of mining on the aquatic ecosystem.</p>\n<p>Part of the project was to apply the Physical Habitat Simulation System (PHABSIM) to selected locations in the Upper Animas River Basin, Colorado in order to demonstrate the importance of physical habitat in evaluating the efficacy of mined land remediation activities. Physical habitat analysis included the use of sedimentation variables in physical habitat simulations. A map of the Upper Animas Basin is presented in Figure 2.</p>\n<p>The project involves collecting data for the following locations: Animas River above Magee Creek; Animas River above Howardsville; Animas River below Howardsville; Animas River above Silverton at Hillsdale Cemetery; Animas River at Silverton; Cement Creek above Silverton; Cement Creek at Silverton; Mineral Creek at Powerline above Silverton; Mineral Creek at Campground; South Mineral Creek at Overflow Campground; Mineral Creek above Bear Creek; Mineral Creek at Silverton; Animas River below Silverton; and Animas River at Elk Park.</p>\n<p>Bed material samples were collected at each site. These included samples of the armour, the substrate, and sand and fines deposited on the surface. At selected sites the stream morphology was measured. These measurements included one to three cross sections, stream discharge, and water surface elevations. The data are located in the files of the Fort Collins Science Center.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr2003222","usgsCitation":"Milhous, R.T., 2003, Reconnaissance-level application of physical habitat simulation in the evaluation of physical habitat limits in the Animas Basin, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-222, v, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr2003222.","productDescription":"v, 16 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":177987,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr2003222.PNG"},{"id":320296,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0222/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Animas River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -108.21807861328125,\n              36.697053200100335\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.940673828125,\n              36.82247761166621\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.74566650390625,\n              37.2587521486561\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.53692626953125,\n              37.861844098370945\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.611083984375,\n              37.93553306183642\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.82257080078125,\n              37.85750715625203\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.99835205078124,\n              37.54022177661216\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.03131103515625,\n              37.24782120155428\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.0670166015625,\n              37.00035919622158\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.21807861328125,\n              36.697053200100335\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a49e4b07f02db623b5f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Milhous, Robert T.","contributorId":28646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milhous","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":247141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":53884,"text":"53884 - 2003 - Evaluating sources of job satisfaction: A survey of U.S. Fish and Wildlife refuge managers and biologists","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-19T18:47:46","indexId":"53884","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":37,"text":"Information and Technology Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"2003-0004","title":"Evaluating sources of job satisfaction: A survey of U.S. Fish and Wildlife refuge managers and biologists","docAbstract":"The following summary consists of revised excerpts from the thesis study that was conducted in 2000-2002 by Ayeisha Brinson, Colorado State University (Brinson, 2002).  The purpose of this report is to provide the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) with additional finding related to sources of job satisfaction.  Because this is a report of additional findings from a length study, the information in this report is condensed and represented without references from the original research.  The literature review, methodology, and discussion from the original thesis are not presented in this report.  Any questions concerning the thesis should be directed to Ayeisha Brinson, who may be reached by e-mail. \r\n\r\nThe purpose of the report is to examine differences and similarities between National Wildlife Refuge managers and biologists on a selection of independent variable related to job satisfaction occupation status (being either a manager or a biologist): are managers more satisfied with their jobs than biologist?  If so, what are the components of that satisfaction? What are the sources of dissatisfaction?\r\n\r\na?|\r\n","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Ponds, P.D., Brinson, A.A., and Benson, D., 2003, Evaluating sources of job satisfaction: A survey of U.S. Fish and Wildlife refuge managers and biologists: Information and Technology Report 2003-0004, iii, 8 p.","productDescription":"iii, 8 p.","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":177986,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5fa81b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ponds, Phadrea D.","contributorId":65156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ponds","given":"Phadrea","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brinson, Ayeisha A.","contributorId":40666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brinson","given":"Ayeisha","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Benson, Delwin","contributorId":74808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benson","given":"Delwin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1015339,"text":"1015339 - 2003 - Small mammals within riparian habitats of a regulated and unregulated aridland river","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-17T11:33:27","indexId":"1015339","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3746,"text":"Western North American Naturalist","onlineIssn":"1944-8341","printIssn":"1527-0904","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Small mammals within riparian habitats of a regulated and unregulated aridland river","docAbstract":"<p>In northwestern Colorado, flow regulation on the Green River has created a transitional plant community that features encroachment by upland vegetation into cottonwood (<i>Populus</i> <i>fremontii</i>)-dominated, riparian forest on topographically high floodplain sites and reduced cottonwood regeneration on low floodplain sites. To assess how these changes might have affected small mammal distributions, in 1994 and 1995 we live-trapped during periods surrounding spring flooding at 3 sites: above and below the confluence of the regulated Green River and at the ecologically similar, but unregulated, Yampa River (reference site). More species were captured at the most regulated site along the Green River above its confluence with the Yampa River. Within sites, more species were captured in riparian habitats than adjacent upland habitats. Despite river regulation-induced habitat changes, we did not detect changes in species distributions within low and high floodplain habitat for <i>Peromyscus maniculatus</i> or <i>Microtus montanus</i>, but changes may have occurred for <i>Dipodomys ordii</i>. The total effect of regulation-induced habitat change on small mammal populations may not be fully revealed until current, mature cottonwood forests disappear and associated woody debris decomposes.<br data-mce-bogus=\"1\"></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Monte L. Bean Life Science Museum, Brigham Young University","usgsCitation":"Falck, M., Wilson, K., and Andersen, D., 2003, Small mammals within riparian habitats of a regulated and unregulated aridland river: Western North American Naturalist, v. 63, no. 1, p. 35-42.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"35","endPage":"42","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133410,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":14875,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/41717260 "}],"volume":"63","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b06e4b07f02db69a0ba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Falck, M.J.","contributorId":96229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Falck","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilson, K.R.","contributorId":73961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"K.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Andersen, D.C.","contributorId":19119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andersen","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70043999,"text":"70043999 - 2003 - New Publications of the U.S. Geological Survey, January-March 2003","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-23T11:18:39","indexId":"70043999","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":378,"text":"Publications of the US Geological Survey","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"New Publications of the U.S. Geological Survey, January-March 2003","docAbstract":"A list of USGS publications and articles by U.S. Geological Survey personnel in non-U.S. Geological Survey journals and books that were published in January to March of the year 2003.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/70043999","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 2003, New Publications of the U.S. Geological Survey, January-March 2003: Publications of the US Geological Survey, ii, 67 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70043999.","productDescription":"ii, 67 p.","onlineOnly":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":272702,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70043999/report.pdf"},{"id":268211,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70043999/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"512c9618e4b0855fde6697e5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1002989,"text":"1002989 - 2003 - Evaluation of relocation of unionid mussels to in situ refugia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:07","indexId":"1002989","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2393,"text":"Journal of Molluscan Studies","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of relocation of unionid mussels to in situ refugia","docAbstract":"The aim of this study was to evaluate the recovery and survival of four species of unionid mussles [pimpleback, Quadrula pustulosa pustulosa (I. Lea, 1831); spike, Elliptio dilatata (Rafinesque, 1820); Higgins eye, Lampsilis higginsii (I. Lea, 1857); and pocketbook, Lampsilis cardium (Rafinesque, 1820)] that were experimentally relocated to in situ refugia in the St Croix River of Minnesota and Wisconsin, USA. In 1996, 150 mussels of each of the first three species (450 total) were relocated to three 5 x 5 m study grids (Site A), one near Lakeland, Minnesota, which served as a source-site control, and two in the experimental refuge 48 km upstream, near Franconia, Minnesota. In a second relocation in 1997, L. Cardium was substituted for L. Higginsii and 150 mussels of this and each of the other two species (450 total), were relocated to two study grids (Site B). The source site control was near Sunrise, Minnesota and the experimental refuge was 14 km downstream near Almelund, Minnesota. Mussel recovery, survival and substratum characteristics were evaluated annually at Site A for 2 years and for 3 years at Site B. Mean annual recovery of all three species ranged from 90 to 100% at Site A, and from 34 to 70% at site B. The mean annual survival of recaptured mussels ranged from 85 to 100% at Site A, and from 88 to 100% at Site B. The textural characteristics of the substratum differed significantly between the control and the two refuge locations at the beginning of the study, but did not differ from this initial status among subsequent years at Site A. At Site B, there was a significant shift in textural characteristics from large to smaller fractions over the four years. The relatively high survival of mussels during this study demonstrates the importance of proper handling and transport protocols when relocating mussels and the selection of suitable relocation habitat with stable substratum. When established correctly, in situ refugia may be a viable tool for preserving unionid mussels.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Molluscan Studies","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Cope, W., Hove, M., Waller, D.L., Hornbach, D., Bartsch, M., Cunningham, L., Dunn, H., and Kapuscinski, A., 2003, Evaluation of relocation of unionid mussels to in situ refugia: Journal of Molluscan Studies, v. 69, p. 27-34.","productDescription":"pp. 27-34","startPage":"27","endPage":"34","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128537,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":15594,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://mollus.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/69/1/27","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"5332.000000000000000"}],"volume":"69","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db667952","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cope, W.G.","contributorId":71918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cope","given":"W.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hove, M.C.","contributorId":57002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hove","given":"M.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Waller, D. L.","contributorId":43704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waller","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hornbach, D.J.","contributorId":100781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hornbach","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bartsch, M.R.","contributorId":42908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartsch","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cunningham, L.A.","contributorId":28195,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cunningham","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Dunn, H.L.","contributorId":102022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunn","given":"H.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Kapuscinski, A.R.","contributorId":21106,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kapuscinski","given":"A.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":1002925,"text":"1002925 - 2003 - Environmental fate and effects of the lampricide TFM: a review","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:22","indexId":"1002925","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Environmental fate and effects of the lampricide TFM: a review","docAbstract":"Use of 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol (TFM) is limited geographically to the Great Lakes basin where it is the principal agent used in control of the sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus). It is clear from available data that TFM has effects on the environment, but the effects reported are transient. Individual organisms and aquatic communities return to pretreatment conditions after lampricide treatments have concluded. TFM is not persistent, is detoxified, and presents minimal long-term toxicological risk. TFM is relatively nontoxic to mammals. Treatment levels do not pose a threat to wildlife. However, TFM is an estrogen agonist and additional testing to define the nature and magnitude of this effect will likely be required. Because stream treatments are done on 3 to 5 year cycles, and exposures are limited to approximately 12 h, minimal risk to aquatic organisms is expected.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Hubert, T., 2003, Environmental fate and effects of the lampricide TFM: a review: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 29, p. 456-474.","productDescription":"pp. 456-474","startPage":"456","endPage":"474","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131484,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a13e4b07f02db6023a5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hubert, T.D.","contributorId":108066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubert","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1002721,"text":"1002721 - 2003 - A survey of estuarine submerged aquatic vegetation in the northern Gulf coast","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:13","indexId":"1002721","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2819,"text":"National Wetlands Newsletter","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A survey of estuarine submerged aquatic vegetation in the northern Gulf coast","docAbstract":"The status of submerged aquatic vegetation along the northern Gulf of Mexico is of concern because of its role in the ecology and economy of the coast. Recent studies by U.S. Geological Survey scientists help assess the factors that contribute to SAV distribution and health.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"National Wetlands Newsletter","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Carter, J., 2003, A survey of estuarine submerged aquatic vegetation in the northern Gulf coast: National Wetlands Newsletter, v. 25, no. 3, p. 9-10, 26.","productDescription":"p. 9-10, 26","startPage":"9","endPage":"10, 26","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129365,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":15434,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.wetlandsnewsletter.org/archive/25-03articles.cfm#carter","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"7015.000000000000000"}],"volume":"25","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b17e4b07f02db6a5e41","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carter, J. 0000-0003-0110-0284 carterj@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0110-0284","contributorId":81839,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"J.","email":"carterj@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":312161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1002995,"text":"1002995 - 2003 - Movement and habitat use by radio-tagged paddlefish in the upper Mississippi River and tributaries","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:44","indexId":"1002995","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Movement and habitat use by radio-tagged paddlefish in the upper Mississippi River and tributaries","docAbstract":"We used radio telemetry to evaluate the movement and habitat use of paddlefish Polyodon spathula in the upper Mississippi River and two tributary rivers. Radio transmitters were surgically implanted into 71 paddlefish in Navigation Pools 5A and 8 of the upper Mississippi River, the Chippewa River, and the Wisconsin River during fall 1994 through fall 1996. Radiotagged paddlefish were located through summer 1997. The range of paddlefish movement was typically low during all seasons except spring, but some paddlefish moved throughout the 420-km extent of the study area. Paddlefish tagged in the Chippewa River were closely linked with the upper Mississippi River, as substantial portions of the population inhabited the adjacent Navigation Pool 4 each spring; paddlefish in the Wisconsin River, however, rarely ventured out of that tributary. The use of aquatic area types by paddlefish varied among the study reaches. A cartographic model of paddlefish habitat suitability was developed for Navigation Pool 8 based on geographic information systems (GIS) coverages of bathymetry and current velocity. The value of paddlefish habitat in the cartographic model increased with depth and decreased with current velocity. For example, areas modeled as excellent corresponded to regions classified as having both deep water (greater than or equal to6.0 m) and negligible (<5 cm/s) current velocities. Our study suggests that aquatic area types are an inadequate basis for making sound management decisions regarding the critical habitats of paddlefish in complex riverine systems because such strata rely on gross geomorpological features rather than on the physicochemical variables that fish use to choose habitats. The development of systemic GIS coverages of such variables could improve the understanding of fish habitat selection and management in the upper Mississippi River.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","issn":"02755947","usgsCitation":"Zigler, S.J., Dewey, M.R., Knights, B., Runstrom, A., and Steingraeber, M., 2003, Movement and habitat use by radio-tagged paddlefish in the upper Mississippi River and tributaries: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 23, no. 1, p. 189-205.","productDescription":"pp. 189-205","startPage":"189","endPage":"205","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200250,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b01e4b07f02db6984a5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zigler, S. J.","contributorId":21513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zigler","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dewey, M. R.","contributorId":48908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dewey","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Knights, B.C. 0000-0001-8526-8468","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8526-8468","contributorId":42937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knights","given":"B.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Runstrom, A.L.","contributorId":87206,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runstrom","given":"A.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Steingraeber, M.T.","contributorId":106192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steingraeber","given":"M.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":1002728,"text":"1002728 - 2003 - Mass tree mortality leads to mangrove peat collapse at Bay Islands, Honduras after Hurricane Mitch","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:49","indexId":"1002728","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2242,"text":"Journal of Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mass tree mortality leads to mangrove peat collapse at Bay Islands, Honduras after Hurricane Mitch","docAbstract":"We measured sediment elevation and accretion dynamics in mangrove forests on the islands of Guanaja and Roatan, Honduras, impacted by Hurricane Mitch in 1998 to determine if collapse of underlying peat was occurring as a result of mass tree mortality. Little is known about the balance between production and decomposition of soil organic matter in the maintenance of sediment elevation of mangrove forests with biogenic soils.\r\nSediment elevation change measured with the rod surface elevation table from 18 months to 33 months after the storm differed significantly among low, medium and high wind impact sites. Mangrove forests suffering minimal to partial mortality gained elevation at a rate (5 mm yeara??1) greater than vertical accretion (2 mm yeara??1) measured from artificial soil marker horizons, suggesting that root production contributed to sediment elevation. Basin forests that suffered mass tree mortality experienced peat collapse of about 11 mm yeara??1 as a result of decomposition of dead root material and sediment compaction. Low soil shear strength and lack of root growth accompanied elevation decreases.\r\nModel simulations using the Relative Elevation Model indicate that peat collapse in the high impact basin mangrove forest would be 37 mm yeara??1 for the 2 years immediately after the storm, as root material decomposed. In the absence of renewed root growth, the model predicts that peat collapse will continue for at least 8 more years at a rate (7 mm yeara??1) similar to that measured (11 mm yeara??1).\r\nMass tree mortality caused rapid elevation loss. Few trees survived and recovery of the high impact forest will thus depend primarily on seedling recruitment. Because seedling establishment is controlled in large part by sediment elevation in relation to tide height, continued peat collapse could further impair recovery rates.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1046/j.1365-2745.2003.00841.x","usgsCitation":"Cahoon, D.R., Hensel, P., Rybczyk, J., McKee, K., Proffitt, C., and Perez, B., 2003, Mass tree mortality leads to mangrove peat collapse at Bay Islands, Honduras after Hurricane Mitch: Journal of Ecology, v. 91, no. 6, p. 1093-1105, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2745.2003.00841.x.","productDescription":"p. 1093-1105","startPage":"1093","endPage":"1105","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478438,"rank":101,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2745.2003.00841.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":134429,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":15633,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2745.2003.00841.x","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"7004.000000000000000"}],"volume":"91","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-11-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a26e4b07f02db60fde0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cahoon, Donald R. 0000-0002-2591-5667","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2591-5667","contributorId":65424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cahoon","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":312180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hensel, P.","contributorId":57814,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hensel","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rybczyk, J.","contributorId":56617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rybczyk","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McKee, K.L. 0000-0001-7042-670X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7042-670X","contributorId":77113,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKee","given":"K.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Proffitt, C.E. 0000-0002-0845-8441","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0845-8441","contributorId":47339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Proffitt","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Perez, B.C.","contributorId":104017,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perez","given":"B.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70043998,"text":"70043998 - 2003 - New Publications of the U.S. Geological Survey, April-June 2003","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-23T11:18:08","indexId":"70043998","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":378,"text":"Publications of the US Geological Survey","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"New Publications of the U.S. Geological Survey, April-June 2003","docAbstract":"A list of USGS publications and articles by U.S. Geological Survey personnel in non-U.S. Geological Survey journals and books that were published in January to March of the year 2003.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/70043998","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 2003, New Publications of the U.S. Geological Survey, April-June 2003: Publications of the US Geological Survey, iii, 72 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70043998.","productDescription":"iii, 72 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":272701,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70043998/report.pdf"},{"id":268210,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70043998/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"512c9616e4b0855fde6697dd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1002997,"text":"1002997 - 2003 - Effects of subcutaneous transmitter implants on behavior, growth, energetics, and survival of common loon chicks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:20","indexId":"1002997","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2284,"text":"Journal of Field Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of subcutaneous transmitter implants on behavior, growth, energetics, and survival of common loon chicks","docAbstract":"High rates of Common Loon (Gavia immer) chick mortality have been documented in Wisconsin, especially on acidic lakes, but causes and timing of chick mortality are poorly understood. We modified and evaluated a subcutaneous transmitter implant technique for Common Loon chicks using wild and captive reared chicks. Results indicated that behavior, growth, energy expenditure, and survival did not differ significantly between chicks marked with miniature transmitters (mass 0.76 g, representing <0.8% of body mass at hatching) and unmarked chicks.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Field Ornithology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Kenow, K., Meyer, M., Fournier, F., Karasov, W.H., Elfessi, A., and Gutreuter, S., 2003, Effects of subcutaneous transmitter implants on behavior, growth, energetics, and survival of common loon chicks: Journal of Field Ornithology, v. 74, no. 2, p. 179-186.","productDescription":"pp. 179-186","startPage":"179","endPage":"186","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131141,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"74","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a28e4b07f02db610be1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kenow, K.P.","contributorId":18302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kenow","given":"K.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meyer, M.W.","contributorId":38094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"M.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fournier, F.","contributorId":57001,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fournier","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Karasov, W. H.","contributorId":25889,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Karasov","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Elfessi, A.","contributorId":46467,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elfessi","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gutreuter, S.","contributorId":79829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gutreuter","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70026256,"text":"70026256 - 2003 - Crystal structure and chemistry of lithium-bearing trioctahedral micas-3T","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-04T11:35:15","indexId":"70026256","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1593,"text":"European Journal of Mineralogy","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Crystal structure and chemistry of lithium-bearing trioctahedral micas-3T","docAbstract":"<p>Chemical analyses and crystal structure refinements were performed on lithian siderophyllite-3T crystals from granitic pegmatites of the anorogenic Pikes Peak batholith (Colorado) to characterize the crystal chemistry and relations with trioctahedral lithium-bearing micas showing different stacking sequences. Chemical data show that the studied samples fall on the siderophyllite-polylithionite join, closer to the siderophyllite end-member. Single-crystal X-ray refinements were carried out on three samples (two of which were taken from core and rim of the same crystal) in space-group P3<sub>1</sub> 12 (the agreement factor, Robs, varies between 0.034 and 0.036). Mean bond distances and mean electron counts of M1, M2 and M3 octahedral sites indicate an ordered cation distribution with M1 and M3 positions substantially larger than M2. In the sample with the largest iron content, the M2 mean electron count increases as well as the mean distance, whereas remains smaller than or . The tetrahedral cation-oxygen atom mean distances range from 1.614 to 1.638 A and from 1.663 to 1.678 A for T1 and T2 sites, respectively, being consistent with Al<sup>3+</sup> enrichment in the T2 sites. The tetrahedral rotation angle, α, is generally small (3.1 ≤ α ≤ 4.6) and decreases with siderophyllite content. As Fe increases, the T1 tetrahedron becomes flatter (112.4 ≤ t1 ≤ 110.5??), whereas T2 tetrahedron distortion appears unchanged (110.7 ≤ T2 ≤ 110.9).</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"European Journal of Mineralogy","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1127/0935-1221/2003/0015-0349","issn":"09351221","usgsCitation":"Brigatti, M., Kile, D.E., and Poppi, L., 2003, Crystal structure and chemistry of lithium-bearing trioctahedral micas-3T: European Journal of Mineralogy, v. 15, no. 2, p. 349-355, https://doi.org/10.1127/0935-1221/2003/0015-0349.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"349","endPage":"355","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487520,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11380/611915","text":"External Repository"},{"id":234219,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208465,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1127/0935-1221/2003/0015-0349"}],"volume":"15","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fcfbe4b0c8380cd4e568","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brigatti, M.F.","contributorId":87726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brigatti","given":"M.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kile, D. E.","contributorId":22758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kile","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Poppi, L.","contributorId":14984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poppi","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70025193,"text":"70025193 - 2003 - <i>Uta stansburiana</i> and <i>Elgaria multicarinata</i> on the California Channel Islands: Natural dispersal or artificial introduction?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-28T13:52:30","indexId":"70025193","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2334,"text":"Journal of Herpetology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"<i>Uta stansburiana</i> and <i>Elgaria multicarinata</i> on the California Channel Islands: Natural dispersal or artificial introduction?","docAbstract":"<p><i>Uta stansburiana</i><span> and </span><i>Elgaria multicarinata</i><span> occur on several California Channel Islands, and recent introduction of some populations has been suggested because of similarity in life-history traits and body size to mainland populations. We sequenced representatives of each species from mainland southern California and some of the islands on which they occur. For each species, cytochrome </span><i>b</i><span>sequence divergence is low across the narrow geographic area sampled. Analyses of 14 haplotypes of </span><i>U. stansburiana</i><span> suggest long-established residency on Santa Catalina and San Clemente Islands but more recent arrival on San Nicolas and Santa Cruz Islands. Analyses of eight haplotypes of </span><i>E. multicarinata</i><span> suggest these lizards may have been recently transported to San Nicolas Island.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"The Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles","doi":"10.1670/24-01A","issn":"00221511","usgsCitation":"Mahoney, M.J., Parks, D.S., and Fellers, G.M., 2003, <i>Uta stansburiana</i> and <i>Elgaria multicarinata</i> on the California Channel Islands: Natural dispersal or artificial introduction?: Journal of Herpetology, v. 37, no. 3, p. 586-591, https://doi.org/10.1670/24-01A.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"586","endPage":"591","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235770,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc0c4e4b08c986b32a2e8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mahoney, Meredith J.","contributorId":22294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahoney","given":"Meredith","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Parks, Duncan S.M.","contributorId":28934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parks","given":"Duncan","email":"","middleInitial":"S.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fellers, Gary M. 0000-0003-4092-0285 gary_fellers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4092-0285","contributorId":3150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fellers","given":"Gary","email":"gary_fellers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":404184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
]}