{"pageNumber":"2894","pageRowStart":"72325","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184615,"records":[{"id":70025743,"text":"70025743 - 2003 - Resurfacing history of the northern plains of Mars based on geologic mapping of Mars Global Surveyor data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-05T09:14:08","indexId":"70025743","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2317,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Resurfacing history of the northern plains of Mars based on geologic mapping of Mars Global Surveyor data","docAbstract":"Geologic mapping of the northern plains of Mars, based on Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter topography and Viking and Mars Orbiter Camera images, reveals new insights into geologic processes and events in this region during the Hesperian and Amazonian Periods. We propose four successive stages of lowland resurfacing likely related to the activity of near-surface volatiles commencing at the highland-lowland boundary (HLB) and progressing to lower topographic levels as follows (highest elevations indicated): Stage 1, upper boundary plains, Early Hesperian, <-2.0 to -2.9 km; Stage 2, lower boundary plains and outflow channel dissection, Late Hesperian, <-2.7 to -4.0 km; Stage 3, Vastitas Borealis Formation (VBF) surface, Late Hesperian to Early Amazonian, <-3.1 to -4.1 km; and Stage 4, local chaos zones, Early Amazonian, <-3.8 to -5.0 km. At Acidalia Mensa, Stage 2 and 3 levels may be lower (<-4.4 and -4.8 km, respectively). Contractional ridges form the dominant structure in the plains and developed from near the end of the Early Hesperian to the Early Amazonian. Geomorphic evidence for a northern-plains-filling ocean during Stage 2 is absent because one did not form or its evidence was destroyed by Stage 3 resurfacing. Remnants of possible Amazonian dust mantles occur on top of the VBF. The north polar layered deposits appear to be made up of an up to kilometer-thick lower sequence of sandy layers Early to Middle Amazonian in age overlain by Late Amazonian ice-rich dust layers; both units appear to have outliers, suggesting that they once were more extensive.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/2002JE001908","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Tanaka, K.L., Skinner, J., Hare, T.M., Joyal, T., and Wenker, A., 2003, Resurfacing history of the northern plains of Mars based on geologic mapping of Mars Global Surveyor data: Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets, v. 108, no. 4, 32 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JE001908.","productDescription":"32 p.","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478403,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2002je001908","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":234635,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","volume":"108","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-04-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aabfce4b0c8380cd86abe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tanaka, Kenneth L. ktanaka@usgs.gov","contributorId":610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tanaka","given":"Kenneth","email":"ktanaka@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":406405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Skinner, James A. 0000-0002-3644-7010 jskinner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3644-7010","contributorId":3187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skinner","given":"James A.","email":"jskinner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":406408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hare, Trent M. 0000-0001-8842-389X thare@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8842-389X","contributorId":3188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hare","given":"Trent","email":"thare@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":406406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Joyal, T.","contributorId":69757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Joyal","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wenker, A.","contributorId":13417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wenker","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70025435,"text":"70025435 - 2003 - Habitat use by Swainson's Warblers in a managed bottomland forest","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-29T16:07:53.014237","indexId":"70025435","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3783,"text":"The Wilson Bulletin","printIssn":"0043-5643","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Habitat use by Swainson's Warblers in a managed bottomland forest","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Swainson's Warbler (</span><span class=\"genus-species\">Limnothlypis swainsonii</span><span>) is a locally distributed and relatively uncommon Neotropical migrant songbird that breeds in the bottomland forests of the southeastern United States and spends the nonbreeding season in the Caribbean Basin. Populations of Swainson's Warblers have declined during recent decades as bottomland forests have come under increasingly intensive management and large areas have been converted to other land uses. We examined the habitat around song perches used by male Swainson's Warblers at Big Hammock Wildlife Management Area, a managed bottomland forest along the Altamaha River in Tattnall County, Georgia. We quantified 20 features of habitat structure in areas occupied by Swainson's Warblers (occupied plots) and two sets of controls: unoccupied plots adjacent to occupied plots (adjacent control plots) and unoccupied plots throughout the management area (general control plots). Occupied plots and adjacent control plots both differed in structure from the general control plots. We detected no significant differences, however, in vegetation structure between occupied plots and adjacent control plots. General control plots tended to have a greater number of trees, greater basal area, and a complete canopy, whereas occupied and adjacent control plots had high densities of small stems, cane, herbaceous ground cover, and leaf litter; this latter pattern is typical of documented Swainson's Warbler breeding habitat. Lack of significant differences in vegetation structure may be due to great variation in habitat structure around song perches, small sample size, or scarcity of Swainson's Warblers. Future research should focus on quantifying habitat characteristics around nest sites, song perches, and feeding areas. Our results suggest that management of bottomland habitats by thinning forests and encouraging regeneration of canebrakes is needed for successful conservation of Swainson's Warblers.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"BioOne","doi":"10.1676/02-110","issn":"00435643","usgsCitation":"Somershoe, S., Hudman, S., and Chandler, C., 2003, Habitat use by Swainson's Warblers in a managed bottomland forest: The Wilson Bulletin, v. 115, no. 2, p. 148-154, https://doi.org/10.1676/02-110.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"148","endPage":"154","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478519,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/210472","text":"External Repository"},{"id":388624,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Caribbean Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -80.771484375,\n              25.20494115356912\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.6708984375,\n              23.483400654325642\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.01171875,\n              20.715015145512087\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.033203125,\n              15.834535741221565\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.7158203125,\n              15.284185114076433\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.7822265625,\n              8.971897294083014\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.31054687499999,\n              9.318990192397905\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.16796875,\n              8.015715997869071\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.6298828125,\n              10.35815140094367\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.982421875,\n              12.425847783029134\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.60937499999999,\n              12.254127737657381\n            ],\n            [\n              -67.6318359375,\n              10.228437266155943\n            ],\n            [\n              -62.40234375,\n              10.703791711680736\n            ],\n            [\n              -61.2158203125,\n              15.241789855961722\n            ],\n            [\n              -62.5341796875,\n              22.187404991398775\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.771484375,\n              25.20494115356912\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"115","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2f3be4b0c8380cd5cbe1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Somershoe, S.G.","contributorId":10893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Somershoe","given":"S.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hudman, S.P.","contributorId":98095,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudman","given":"S.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chandler, C.R.","contributorId":23739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chandler","given":"C.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70025744,"text":"70025744 - 2003 - Effects of various feed supplements containing fish protein hydrolysate or fish processing by-products on the innate immune functions of juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-19T13:54:51","indexId":"70025744","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":853,"text":"Aquaculture","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of various feed supplements containing fish protein hydrolysate or fish processing by-products on the innate immune functions of juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch)","docAbstract":"<p>Immunomodulators administered to fish in the diet have been shown in some cases to enhance innate immune defense mechanisms. Recent studies have suggested that polypeptide fractions found in fish protein hydrolysates may stimulate factors in fish important for disease resistance. For the current study, groups of coho salmon were reared on practical feeds that contained either fish meal (Control diet), fish meal supplemented with cooked fish by-products, or fish meal supplemented with hydrolyzed fish protein alone, or with hydrolyzed fish protein and processed fish bones. For each diet group, three replicate tanks of fish were fed the experimental diets for 6 weeks. Morphometric measurements, and serologic and cellular assays were used to evaluate the general health and immunocompetence of fish in the various feed groups. Whereas the experimental diets had no effect on the morphometric and cellular measurements, fish fed cooked by-products had increased leucocrit levels and lower hematocrit levels than fish from the other feed groups. Innate cellular responses were increased in all feed groups after feeding the four experimental diets compared with pre-feed results. Subgroups of fish from each diet group were also challenged with Vibrio anguillarum (ca. 7.71 ?? 105 bacteria ml-1) at 15??C by immersion. No differences were found in survival among the various feed groups.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0044-8486(02)00426-X","issn":"00448486","usgsCitation":"Murray, A., Pascho, R., Alcorn, S., Fairgrieve, W., Shearer, K., and Roley, D., 2003, Effects of various feed supplements containing fish protein hydrolysate or fish processing by-products on the innate immune functions of juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch): Aquaculture, v. 220, no. 1-4, p. 643-653, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(02)00426-X.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"643","endPage":"653","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234636,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208703,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(02)00426-X"}],"volume":"220","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0830e4b0c8380cd519f6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Murray, A.L.","contributorId":70151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murray","given":"A.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pascho, R.J.","contributorId":65796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pascho","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Alcorn, S.W.","contributorId":37499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alcorn","given":"S.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fairgrieve, W.T.","contributorId":39987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fairgrieve","given":"W.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Shearer, K.D.","contributorId":40391,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shearer","given":"K.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Roley, D.","contributorId":55617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roley","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70025434,"text":"70025434 - 2003 - Long-term, high-frequency current and temperature measurements along central California: Insights into upwelling/relaxation and internal waves on the inner shelf","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:59","indexId":"70025434","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1333,"text":"Continental Shelf Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Long-term, high-frequency current and temperature measurements along central California: Insights into upwelling/relaxation and internal waves on the inner shelf","docAbstract":"Thermistor chains and acoustic Doppler current profilers were deployed at the northern and southern ends of Monterey Bay to examine the thermal and hydrodynamic structure of the inner (h ??? 20 m) shelf of central California. These instruments sampled temperature and current velocity at 2-min intervals over a 13-month period from June 2000 to July 2001. Time series of these data, in conjunction with SST imagery and CODAR sea surface current maps, helped to establish the basic hydrography for Monterey Bay. Analysis of time series data revealed that depth integrated flow at both sites was shore parallel (northwest-southeast) with net flows out of the Bay (northwest). The current and temperature records were dominated by semi-diurnal and diurnal tidal signals that lagged the surface tides by 3 h on average. Over the course of an internal tidal cycle these flows were asymmetric, with the flow during the flooding internal tide to the southeast typically lasting only one-third as long as the flow to the northwest during the ebbing internal tide. The transitions from ebb to flood were rapid and bore-like in nature; they were also marked by rapid increases in temperature and high shear. During the spring and summer, when thermal stratification was high, we observed almost 2000 high-frequency (Tp ??? 4-20 min) internal waves in packets of 8-10 following the heads of these bore-like features. Previous studies along the West Coast of the US have concluded that warm water bores and high-frequency internal waves may play a significant role in the onshore transport of larvae.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Continental Shelf Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0278-4343(03)00045-1","issn":"02784343","usgsCitation":"Storlazzi, C., McManus, M., and Figurski, J., 2003, Long-term, high-frequency current and temperature measurements along central California: Insights into upwelling/relaxation and internal waves on the inner shelf: Continental Shelf Research, v. 23, no. 9, p. 901-918, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0278-4343(03)00045-1.","startPage":"901","endPage":"918","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209507,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0278-4343(03)00045-1"},{"id":236044,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a49b4e4b0c8380cd6880b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Storlazzi, C. D. 0000-0001-8057-4490","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8057-4490","contributorId":98905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Storlazzi","given":"C. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McManus, M.A.","contributorId":73390,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McManus","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Figurski, J.D.","contributorId":80853,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Figurski","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70025431,"text":"70025431 - 2003 - Metabolic and structural response of hyporheic microbial communities to variations in supply of dissolved organic matter","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-21T19:25:15.039165","indexId":"70025431","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2620,"text":"Limnology and Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Metabolic and structural response of hyporheic microbial communities to variations in supply of dissolved organic matter","docAbstract":"<p>Hyporheic<span>&nbsp;sediment bacterial&nbsp;</span>communities<span>&nbsp;were exposed to&nbsp;</span>dissolved<span>&nbsp;</span>organic<span>&nbsp;</span>matter<span>&nbsp;(DOM) from a variety of sources to assess the interdependence of bacterial metabolism and&nbsp;</span>community<span>&nbsp;composition. Experiments ranged from small-scale core perfusions with defined compounds (glucose, bovine serum albumin) to mesocosms receiving natural leaf leachate or water from different streams.&nbsp;</span>Response<span>&nbsp;variables included bacterial production, oxygen consumption, extracellular enzyme activity, and&nbsp;</span>community<span>&nbsp;similarity as manifest by changes&nbsp;</span>in<span>&nbsp;banding patterns of randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). All DOM manipulations generated responses&nbsp;</span>in<span>&nbsp;at least one&nbsp;</span>metabolic<span>&nbsp;variable. Additions of both labile and recalcitrant materials increased either oxygen consumption, production, or both depending on background DOM. Enzyme activities were affected by both types of carbon addition with largest effects from the labile mixture. Cluster analysis of RAPD data showed strong divergence of&nbsp;</span>communities<span>&nbsp;exposed to labile versus recalcitrant DOM. Additions of leaf leachate to mesocosms representing&nbsp;</span>hyporheic<span>&nbsp;flow-paths caused increases&nbsp;</span>in<span>&nbsp;oxygen consumption and some enzyme activities with weaker effects on production.&nbsp;</span>Community<span>&nbsp;structure yeas strongly affected; samples from the leachate-amended mesocosms clustered separately from the control samples.&nbsp;</span>In<span>&nbsp;mesocosms receiving water from streams ranging&nbsp;</span>in<span>&nbsp;DOC (0.5-4.5 mg L</span><sup>-1</sup><span>), there were significant differences&nbsp;</span>in<span>&nbsp;bacterial growth, oxygen consumption, and enzyme activities. RAPD analysis showed strongest clustering of samples by stream type with more subtle effects of position along the flowpaths. Responses&nbsp;</span>in<span>&nbsp;</span>community<span>&nbsp;metabolism were always accompanied by shifts&nbsp;</span>in<span>&nbsp;</span>community<span>&nbsp;composition, suggesting carbon&nbsp;</span>supply<span>&nbsp;affects both functional and&nbsp;</span>structural<span>&nbsp;attributes of&nbsp;</span>hyporheic<span>&nbsp;bacterial&nbsp;</span>communities<span>.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography","doi":"10.4319/lo.2003.48.4.1608","issn":"00243590","usgsCitation":"Findlay, S., Sinsabaugh, R.L., Sobczak, W.V., and Hoostal, M., 2003, Metabolic and structural response of hyporheic microbial communities to variations in supply of dissolved organic matter: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 48, no. 4, p. 1608-1617, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2003.48.4.1608.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1608","endPage":"1617","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478453,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2003.48.4.1608","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":388310,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"48","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-07-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a545ee4b0c8380cd6cf6f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Findlay, S.E.G.","contributorId":10531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Findlay","given":"S.E.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sinsabaugh, R. L.","contributorId":30784,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sinsabaugh","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":7164,"text":"Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":405143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sobczak, W. V.","contributorId":41983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sobczak","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hoostal, M.","contributorId":18555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoostal","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70025785,"text":"70025785 - 2003 - Application of a multipurpose unequal probability stream survey in the Mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:23","indexId":"70025785","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Application of a multipurpose unequal probability stream survey in the Mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain","docAbstract":"A stratified, spatially balanced sample with unequal probability selection was used to design a multipurpose survey of headwater streams in the Mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain. Objectives for the survey include unbiased estimates of regional stream conditions, and adequate coverage of unusual but significant environmental settings to support empirical modeling of the factors affecting those conditions. The design and field application of the survey are discussed in light of these multiple objectives. A probability (random) sample of 175 first-order nontidal streams was selected for synoptic sampling of water chemistry and benthic and riparian ecology during late winter and spring 2000. Twenty-five streams were selected within each of seven hydrogeologic subregions (strata) that were delineated on the basis of physiography and surficial geology. In each subregion, unequal inclusion probabilities were used to provide an approximately even distribution of streams along a gradient of forested to developed (agricultural or urban) land in the contributing watershed. Alternate streams were also selected. Alternates were included in groups of five in each subregion when field reconnaissance demonstrated that primary streams were inaccessible or otherwise unusable. Despite the rejection and replacement of a considerable number of primary streams during reconnaissance (up to 40 percent in one subregion), the desired land use distribution was maintained within each hydrogeologic subregion without sacrificing the probabilistic design.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"1093474X","usgsCitation":"Ator, S., Olsen, A., Pitchford, A., and Denver, J.M., 2003, Application of a multipurpose unequal probability stream survey in the Mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 39, no. 4, p. 873-885.","startPage":"873","endPage":"885","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234675,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ec8ee4b0c8380cd4933a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ator, S.W. 0000-0002-9186-4837","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9186-4837","contributorId":104100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ator","given":"S.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Olsen, A.R.","contributorId":98089,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olsen","given":"A.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pitchford, A.M.","contributorId":75593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pitchford","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Denver, J. M.","contributorId":100356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Denver","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70025784,"text":"70025784 - 2003 - The influence of gender on the relationship between wildlife value orientations, beliefs, and the acceptability of lethal deer control in Cuyahoga Valley National Park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:23","indexId":"70025784","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3405,"text":"Society and Natural Resources","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The influence of gender on the relationship between wildlife value orientations, beliefs, and the acceptability of lethal deer control in Cuyahoga Valley National Park","docAbstract":"This study examines how wildlife value orientations, attitudes, and gender influence acceptance of lethal actions to control deer in Cuyahoga Valley National Park in Ohio. Data were collected from female and male residents (n = 659) in a nine-county area, the primary service area of the park. Females and males demonstrated significant differences in their wildlife value orientations, attitudes toward lethal deer control, beliefs about the outcome of lethal deer control, and perceived personal impacts of lethal deer control. Gender also acted as a moderator of the relationship between values, beliefs and attitudes. Results indicate that a focus on understanding differences between males and females is essential to public participation in decision making concerning this and similar issues.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Society and Natural Resources","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1080/08941920309187","issn":"08941920","usgsCitation":"Dougherty, E., Fulton, D., and Anderson, D., 2003, The influence of gender on the relationship between wildlife value orientations, beliefs, and the acceptability of lethal deer control in Cuyahoga Valley National Park: Society and Natural Resources, v. 16, no. 7, p. 603-623, https://doi.org/10.1080/08941920309187.","startPage":"603","endPage":"623","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208704,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08941920309187"},{"id":234640,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bad23e4b08c986b3239dd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dougherty, E.M.","contributorId":82901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dougherty","given":"E.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fulton, D.C.","contributorId":50104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fulton","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anderson, D.H.","contributorId":24304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"D.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70025783,"text":"70025783 - 2003 - Habitat association, size, stomach contents, and reproductive condition of Puerto Rican boas (Epicrates inornatus)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:23","indexId":"70025783","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1185,"text":"Caribbean Journal of Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Habitat association, size, stomach contents, and reproductive condition of Puerto Rican boas (Epicrates inornatus)","docAbstract":"The Puerto Rican boa occurs in a variety of habitats, including wet montane forest, lowland wet forest, mangrove forest, wet limestone karst, and offshore cays, and from sea level to 480 m. Mean SVL of 49 encountered boas (live and road-killed) was 136.9 ?? 35.1 (range = 38.8-205 cm), with a mean mass of 952.1 ?? 349.0 g (n = 47; range = 140-1662 g). Prey in digestive tracts (n = 29) included remains of black rats, house mice, three species of anoles, bats, common ground-doves, domestic fowl chicks, and invertebrates. Females were in reproductive condition in late April through mid-August and had an average brood size of 21.8 ?? 6.0 (n = 9, range = 13-30 ).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Caribbean Journal of Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00086452","usgsCitation":"Wiley, J.W., 2003, Habitat association, size, stomach contents, and reproductive condition of Puerto Rican boas (Epicrates inornatus): Caribbean Journal of Science, v. 39, no. 2, p. 189-194.","startPage":"189","endPage":"194","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234639,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2ef8e4b0c8380cd5c987","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wiley, J. W.","contributorId":51399,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wiley","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70025782,"text":"70025782 - 2003 - Some observations on colocated and closely spaced strong ground-motion records of the 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan, earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-19T18:31:16.995784","indexId":"70025782","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Some observations on colocated and closely spaced strong ground-motion records of the 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan, earthquake","docAbstract":"The digital accelerograph network installed in Taiwan produced a rich set of records from the 20 September 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan earthquake (Mw 7.6). Teledyne Geotech model A-800 and A-900A* digital accelerographs were colocated at 22 stations that recorded this event. Comparisons of the amplitudes, frequency content, and baseline offsets show that records from several of the A-800 accelerographs are considerably different than those from the colocated A-900A accelerographs. On this basis, and in view of the more thorough predeployment testing of the newer A-900A instruments, we recommend that the records from the A-800 instruments be used with caution in analyses of the mainshock and aftershocks. At the Hualien seismic station two A-900A and one A-800 instruments were colocated, along with a Global Positioning System instrument. Although the records from the two A-900A instruments are much more similar than those from a colocated A-800 instrument, both three-component records contain unpredictable baseline offsets, which produced completely unrealistic ground displacements derived from the accelerations by double integration, as do many of the strong-motion data from this event; the details of the baseline offsets differ considerably on the two three-component records. There are probably numerous sources of the baseline offsets, including sources external to the instruments, such as tilting or rotation of the ground, and sources internal to the instruments, such as electrical or mechanical hysteresis in the sensors. For the two colocated A-900A records at the Hualien seismic station, however, the differences in the baseline offsets suggest that the principal source is some transient disturbance within the instrument. The baseline offsets generally manifest themselves in the acceleration time series as pulses or steps, either singly or in combination. We find a 0.015-Hz low-cut filter can almost completely eliminate the effects of the baseline offsets, but then information regarding the permanent displacements is lost. The causative mechanisms of the baseline offsets are unknown presently. Hence, it is very difficult to recover the permanent displacements from the modern digital records, although for records close to large earthquakes, the signal-to-noise ratio should theoretically be adequate to obtain ground motions with periods of hundreds of seconds. This study reinforces our conclusion from previous studies that the sources of baseline offsets occurring in digital strong-motion records are very complex and often unpredictable, and that, therefore, it is difficult to remove the baseline effects to maximize the information content of the record. The baseline offsets only affect very long period motions (e.g., >20 sec), however, and therefore are of little or no engineering concern.","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120020045","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Wang, G., Boore, D., Igel, H., and Zhou, X., 2003, Some observations on colocated and closely spaced strong ground-motion records of the 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan, earthquake: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 93, no. 2, p. 674-693, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120020045.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"674","endPage":"693","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":387246,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"93","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b92c4e4b08c986b31a0db","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wang, G.-Q.","contributorId":80046,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"G.-Q.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boore, D.M. 0000-0002-8605-9673","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8605-9673","contributorId":64226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boore","given":"D.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Igel, H.","contributorId":66798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Igel","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zhou, X.-Y.","contributorId":83712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhou","given":"X.-Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70025745,"text":"70025745 - 2003 - Interactions between dissolved organic matter and mercury in the Florida Everglades","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-05T14:38:20","indexId":"70025745","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2138,"text":"Journal De Physique. IV : JP","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interactions between dissolved organic matter and mercury in the Florida Everglades","docAbstract":"<p><span>Experiments were conducted using organic matter isolated from various surface waters in the Florida Everglades to study the interactions between dissolved organic matter (DOM) and Hg (II). Conditional distribution coefficients (&nbsp;</span><img src=\"https://jp4.journaldephysique.org/articles/jp4/abs/2003/05/jp4pr5p029/img1.gif\" border=\"0\" alt=\"$K_{DOM^\\prime}$\" width=\"49\" height=\"26\" align=\"MIDDLE\" data-mce-src=\"https://jp4.journaldephysique.org/articles/jp4/abs/2003/05/jp4pr5p029/img1.gif\"><span>), obtained using an equilibriurn dialysis ligand exchange method, were strongly affected by the Hg/DOM concentration ratio. Very strong interactions (&nbsp;</span><img src=\"https://jp4.journaldephysique.org/articles/jp4/abs/2003/05/jp4pr5p029/img2.gif\" border=\"0\" alt=\"$K_{{\\rm DOM}^\\prime}$\" width=\"46\" height=\"26\" align=\"MIDDLE\" data-mce-src=\"https://jp4.journaldephysique.org/articles/jp4/abs/2003/05/jp4pr5p029/img2.gif\"><span>&nbsp;= 10&nbsp;</span><img src=\"https://jp4.journaldephysique.org/articles/jp4/abs/2003/05/jp4pr5p029/img3.gif\" border=\"0\" alt=\"$^{23.2 \\pm 05}$\" width=\"43\" height=\"15\" align=\"BOTTOM\" data-mce-src=\"https://jp4.journaldephysique.org/articles/jp4/abs/2003/05/jp4pr5p029/img3.gif\"><span>&nbsp;L kg&nbsp;</span><sup>-1</sup><span>), indicative of Hg-thiol bonds, were observed at Hg/DOM ratios below approximately 1&nbsp;</span><img src=\"https://jp4.journaldephysique.org/articles/jp4/abs/2003/05/jp4pr5p029/img4.gif\" border=\"0\" alt=\"$\\mu$\" width=\"11\" height=\"25\" align=\"MIDDLE\" data-mce-src=\"https://jp4.journaldephysique.org/articles/jp4/abs/2003/05/jp4pr5p029/img4.gif\"><span>g Hg per mg DOM. Above approximately 10&nbsp;</span><img src=\"https://jp4.journaldephysique.org/articles/jp4/abs/2003/05/jp4pr5p029/img4.gif\" border=\"0\" alt=\"$\\mu$\" width=\"11\" height=\"25\" align=\"MIDDLE\" data-mce-src=\"https://jp4.journaldephysique.org/articles/jp4/abs/2003/05/jp4pr5p029/img4.gif\"><span>g Hg per mg DOM much lower&nbsp;</span><img src=\"https://jp4.journaldephysique.org/articles/jp4/abs/2003/05/jp4pr5p029/img2.gif\" border=\"0\" alt=\"$K_{{\\rm DOM}^\\prime}$\" width=\"46\" height=\"26\" align=\"MIDDLE\" data-mce-src=\"https://jp4.journaldephysique.org/articles/jp4/abs/2003/05/jp4pr5p029/img2.gif\"><span>&nbsp;values (&nbsp;</span><img src=\"https://jp4.journaldephysique.org/articles/jp4/abs/2003/05/jp4pr5p029/img5.gif\" border=\"0\" alt=\"$10^{10.7\\pm 05}$\" width=\"57\" height=\"14\" align=\"BOTTOM\" data-mce-src=\"https://jp4.journaldephysique.org/articles/jp4/abs/2003/05/jp4pr5p029/img5.gif\"><span>&nbsp;L kg&nbsp;</span><sup>-1</sup><span>) were obtained. DOM-Hg interactions were also studied by HgS (log K&nbsp;</span><img src=\"https://jp4.journaldephysique.org/articles/jp4/abs/2003/05/jp4pr5p029/img6.gif\" border=\"0\" alt=\"$_{\\rm sp}=-52.4$\" width=\"68\" height=\"25\" align=\"MIDDLE\" data-mce-src=\"https://jp4.journaldephysique.org/articles/jp4/abs/2003/05/jp4pr5p029/img6.gif\"><span>) dissolution and precipitation experiments. In the dissolution experiments, a significant amount of Hg was released from cinnabar in the presence of DOM, suggesting strong interactions. Conversely, precipitation of HgS was strongly inhibited in the presence of low concentrations (&nbsp;</span><img src=\"https://jp4.journaldephysique.org/articles/jp4/abs/2003/05/jp4pr5p029/img7.gif\" border=\"0\" alt=\"$\\leq$\" width=\"14\" height=\"25\" align=\"MIDDLE\" data-mce-src=\"https://jp4.journaldephysique.org/articles/jp4/abs/2003/05/jp4pr5p029/img7.gif\"><span>3 mg C/L) of DOM. In both the dissolution and precipitation experiments, organic matter rich in aromatic moities was more reactive with HgS than less aromatic fractions and sulfur-containing model compounds. These results suggest that DOM can influence the geochemistry of inorganic complexes of Hg in the Everglades, especially HgS, by strong Hg-DOM binding and colloidal stabilization.</span></p>","conferenceTitle":"XII International Conference on Heavy Metals in the Environment","conferenceDate":"May 26-30, 2003","conferenceLocation":"Grenoble, France","language":"English","publisher":"ECO Sciences ","doi":"10.1051/jp4:20030235","issn":"11554339","usgsCitation":"Aiken, G., Haitzer, M., Ryan, J.N., Nagy, K., and Aiken, G., 2003, Interactions between dissolved organic matter and mercury in the Florida Everglades: Journal De Physique. IV : JP, v. 107, no. I, p. 29-32, https://doi.org/10.1051/jp4:20030235.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"29","endPage":"32","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234637,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Everglades","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -81.8756103515625,\n              25.08062377244484\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.15625,\n              25.08062377244484\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.15625,\n              26.377106813670053\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.8756103515625,\n              26.377106813670053\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.8756103515625,\n              25.08062377244484\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"107","issue":"I","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3cc0e4b0c8380cd62fe8","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Boutron C.Ferrari C.","contributorId":128414,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Boutron C.Ferrari C.","id":536573,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Aiken, G.","contributorId":82066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiken","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haitzer, M.","contributorId":94812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haitzer","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ryan, J. N.","contributorId":102649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryan","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nagy, K.","contributorId":10969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nagy","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Aiken, George 0000-0001-8454-0984","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8454-0984","contributorId":208803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiken","given":"George","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":778873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70025746,"text":"70025746 - 2003 - Factors associated with stocked cutthroat trout populations in high-mountain lakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:22","indexId":"70025746","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Factors associated with stocked cutthroat trout populations in high-mountain lakes","docAbstract":"High-mountain lakes provide important fisheries in the Rocky Mountains; therefore we sought to gain an understanding of the relationships among environmental factors, accessibility to anglers, stocking rates, and features of stocks of cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarki in high-mountain lakes of the Bighorn Mountains, Wyoming. We sampled fish with experimental gill nets, measured lake habitat features, and calculated factors affecting angler access among 19 lakes that lacked sufficient natural reproduction to support salmonid fisheries and that were stocked at 1-, 2-, or 4-year intervals with fingerling cutthroat trout. We found that angler accessibility was probably the primary factor affecting stock structure, whereas stocking rates affected the densities of cutthroat trout among lakes. The maximum number of years survived after stocking appeared to have the greatest affect on biomass and population structure. Our findings suggest that control of harvest and manipulation of stocking densities can affect the density, biomass, and structure of cutthroat trout stocks in high-elevation lakes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/1548-8675(2003)023<0611:FAWSCT>2.0.CO;2","issn":"02755947","usgsCitation":"Bailey, P.E., and Hubert, W., 2003, Factors associated with stocked cutthroat trout populations in high-mountain lakes: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 23, no. 2, p. 611-618, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(2003)023<0611:FAWSCT>2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"611","endPage":"618","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208719,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(2003)023<0611:FAWSCT>2.0.CO;2"},{"id":234673,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0eb5e4b0c8380cd535a7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bailey, Paul E.","contributorId":90088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bailey","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hubert, W.A.","contributorId":12822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubert","given":"W.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70025781,"text":"70025781 - 2003 - A Visual Basic program to classify sediments based on gravel-sand-silt-clay ratios","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-07T15:17:31","indexId":"70025781","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1315,"text":"Computers & Geosciences","printIssn":"0098-3004","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A Visual Basic program to classify sediments based on gravel-sand-silt-clay ratios","docAbstract":"<p>Nomenclature describing size distributions is important to geologists because grain size is the most basic attribute of sediments. Traditionally, geologists have divided sediments into four size fractions that include gravel, sand, silt, and clay, and classified these sediments based on ratios of the various proportions of the fractions. Definitions of these fractions have long been standardized to the grade scale described by<span>&nbsp;</span>Wentworth (1922), and two main classification schemes have been adopted to describe the approximate relationship between the size fractions.</p><div><p>Specifically, according to the Wentworth grade scale gravel-sized particles have a nominal diameter of ⩾2.0&nbsp;mm; sand-sized particles have nominal diameters from &lt;2.0&nbsp;mm to ⩾62.5&nbsp;μm; silt-sized particles have nominal diameters from &lt;62.5 to ⩾4.0&nbsp;μm; and clay is &lt;4.0&nbsp;μm. As for sediment classification, most sedimentologists use one of the systems described either by<span>&nbsp;</span>Shepard (1954)<span>&nbsp;</span>or<span>&nbsp;</span>Folk (1954, 1974). The original scheme devised by<span>&nbsp;</span>Shepard (1954)<span>&nbsp;</span>utilized a single ternary diagram with sand, silt, and clay in the corners to graphically show the relative proportions among these three grades within a sample. This scheme, however, does not allow for sediments with significant amounts of gravel. Therefore, Shepard's classification scheme (Fig. 1) was subsequently modified by the addition of a second ternary diagram to account for the gravel fraction (Schlee, 1973). The system devised by<span>&nbsp;</span>Folk (1954, 1974)<span>&nbsp;</span>is also based on two triangular diagrams (Fig. 2), but it has 23 major categories, and uses the term mud (defined as silt plus clay). The patterns within the triangles of both systems differ, as does the emphasis placed on gravel. For example, in the system described by Shepard, gravelly sediments have more than 10% gravel; in Folk's system, slightly gravelly sediments have as little as 0.01% gravel. Folk's classification scheme stresses gravel because its concentration is a function of the highest current velocity at the time of deposition, together with the maximum grain size of the detritus that is available; Shepard's classification scheme emphasizes the ratios of sand, silt, and clay because they reflect sorting and reworking (Poppe et al., 2000).</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0098-3004(03)00048-7","usgsCitation":"Poppe, L., Eliason, A., and Hastings, M., 2003, A Visual Basic program to classify sediments based on gravel-sand-silt-clay ratios: Computers & Geosciences, v. 29, no. 6, p. 805-809, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0098-3004(03)00048-7.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"805","endPage":"809","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234603,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e314e4b0c8380cd45dec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poppe, L.J.","contributorId":72782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poppe","given":"L.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eliason, A.H.","contributorId":40972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eliason","given":"A.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hastings, M. E.","contributorId":72012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hastings","given":"M. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70025780,"text":"70025780 - 2003 - Development of a multimetric index for assessing the biological condition of the Ohio River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:23","indexId":"70025780","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Development of a multimetric index for assessing the biological condition of the Ohio River","docAbstract":"The use of fish communities to assess environmental quality is common for streams, but a standard methodology for large rivers is as yet largely undeveloped. We developed an index to assess the condition of fish assemblages along 1,580 km of the Ohio River. Representative samples of fish assemblages were collected from 709 Ohio River reaches, including 318 \"least-impacted\" sites, from 1991 to 2001 by means of standardized nighttime boat-electrofishing techniques. We evaluated 55 candidate metrics based on attributes of fish assemblage structure and function to derive a multimetric index of river health. We examined the spatial (by river kilometer) and temporal variability of these metrics and assessed their responsiveness to anthropogenic disturbances, namely, effluents, turbidity, and highly embedded substrates. The resulting Ohio River Fish Index (ORFIn) comprises 13 metrics selected because they responded predictably to measures of human disturbance or reflected desirable features of the Ohio River. We retained two metrics (the number of intolerant species and the number of sucker species [family Catostomidae]) from Karr's original index of biotic integrity. Six metrics were modified from indices developed for the upper Ohio River (the number of native species; number of great-river species; number of centrarchid species; the number of deformities, eroded fins and barbels, lesions, and tumors; percent individuals as simple lithophils; and percent individuals as tolerant species). We also incorporated three trophic metrics (the percent of individuals as detritivores, invertivores, and piscivores), one metric based on catch per unit effort, and one metric based on the percent of individuals as nonindigenous fish species. The ORFIn declined significantly where anthropogenic effects on substrate and water quality were prevalent and was significantly lower in the first 500 m below point source discharges than at least-impacted sites nearby. Although additional research on the temporal stability of the metrics and index will likely enhance the reliability of the ORFIn, its incorporation into Ohio River assessments still represents an improvement over current physicochemical protocols.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/T01-076","issn":"00028487","usgsCitation":"Emery, E., Simon, T., McCormick, F., Angermeier, P., Deshon, J., Yoder, C., Sanders, R., Pearson, W., Hickman, G., Reash, R., and Thomas, J., 2003, Development of a multimetric index for assessing the biological condition of the Ohio River: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 132, no. 4, p. 791-808, https://doi.org/10.1577/T01-076.","startPage":"791","endPage":"808","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208684,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/T01-076"},{"id":234602,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"132","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a003ee4b0c8380cd4f671","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Emery, E.B.","contributorId":52764,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Emery","given":"E.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Simon, T.P.","contributorId":75465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simon","given":"T.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McCormick, F.H.","contributorId":24968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCormick","given":"F.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Angermeier, P. L. 0000-0003-2864-170X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2864-170X","contributorId":6410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Angermeier","given":"P. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Deshon, J.E.","contributorId":28782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deshon","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Yoder, C.O.","contributorId":10964,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yoder","given":"C.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Sanders, R.E.","contributorId":59215,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanders","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Pearson, W.D.","contributorId":86942,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearson","given":"W.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Hickman, G.D.","contributorId":52765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hickman","given":"G.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Reash, R.J.","contributorId":68077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reash","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Thomas, J.A.","contributorId":103242,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}}
,{"id":70025430,"text":"70025430 - 2003 - Controls of tectonics and sediment source locations on along-strike variations in transgressive deposits on the northern California margin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:29","indexId":"70025430","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Controls of tectonics and sediment source locations on along-strike variations in transgressive deposits on the northern California margin","docAbstract":"We identify two surfaces in the shallow subsurface on the Eel River margin offshore northern California, a lowstand erosion surface, likely formed during the last glacial maximum, and an overlying surface likely formed during the most recent transgression of the shoreline. The lowstand erosion surface, which extends from the inner shelf to near the shelfbreak and from the Eel River to Trinidad Head (???80 km), truncates underlying strata on the shelf. Above the surface, inferred transgressive coastal and estuarine sedimentary units separate it from the transgressive surface on the shelf. Early in the transgression, Eel River sediment was likely both transported down the Eel Canyon and dispersed on the slope, allowing transgressive coastal sediment from the smaller Mad River to accumulate in a recognizable deposit on the shelf. The location of coastal Mad River sediment accumulation was controlled by the location of the paleo-Mad River. Throughout the remainder of the transgression, dispersed sediment from the Eel River accumulated an average of 20 m of onlapping shelf deposits. The distribution and thickness of these transgressive marine units was strongly modified by northwest-southeast trending folds. Thick sediment packages accumulated over structural lows in the lowstand surface. The thinnest sediment accumulations (0-10 m) were deposited over structural highs along faults and uplifting anticlines. The Eel margin, an active margin with steep, high sediment-load streams, has developed a thick transgressive systems tract. On this margin sediment accumulates as rapidly as the processes of uplift and downwarp locally create and destroy accommodation space. Sequence stratigraphic models of tectonically active margins should account for variations in accommodation space along margins as well as across them. ?? 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0025-3227(03)00116-6","issn":"00253227","usgsCitation":"Spinelli, G., and Field, M., 2003, Controls of tectonics and sediment source locations on along-strike variations in transgressive deposits on the northern California margin: Marine Geology, v. 197, no. 1-4, p. 35-47, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-3227(03)00116-6.","startPage":"35","endPage":"47","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235970,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209478,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0025-3227(03)00116-6"}],"volume":"197","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fbcde4b0c8380cd4df82","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spinelli, G.A.","contributorId":29995,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spinelli","given":"G.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Field, M.E.","contributorId":27052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Field","given":"M.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70025779,"text":"70025779 - 2003 - Coexistence in a multispecies assemblage of eagles in central Asia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-27T14:20:01.669343","indexId":"70025779","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Coexistence in a multispecies assemblage of eagles in central Asia","docAbstract":"<p><span>We evaluated factors that permit species coexistence in an exceptional assemblage of similar raptor species at the Naurzum Zapovednik (a national nature reserve) in north-central Kazakhstan. White-tailed Sea-Eagle (</span><i>Haliaeetus albicilla</i><span>), Imperial Eagle (</span><i>Aquila heliaca</i><span>), Golden Eagle (</span><i>A. chrysaetos</i><span>), and Steppe Eagle (</span><i>A. nipalensis</i><span>) all breed at the Zapovednik. Steppe Eagle use of nesting resources was distinct from that of tree-nesting species. We evaluated differences in nest tree and nest habitat characteristics, nest dimensions and positions, and nest spacing among the three forest-dwelling eagle species to distinguish between the effects of inter- and intraspecific resource limitations on species coexistence. Although the different species bred in similar habitat and sometimes reused other species' nests, the dimensions, positions and locations of their nests often differed. These differences did not appear to result from interspecific competition. Nest spacing trends were also species specific; Imperial Eagles generally nested farther from other eagle nests than did Golden Eagles and White-tailed Sea-Eagles. Intraspecific variation in habitat, physical characteristics, and spacing patterns of Imperial Eagle nests was extensive throughout the nature reserve. Although interspecific partitioning of nesting habitat may allow coexistence of ground-nesting Steppe Eagles, interspecific competition did not appear to be a primary determinant of the use of nest habitat, space, or nests by tree-nesting species. Rather, interspecific effects appeared secondary to intraspecific effects in determining coexistence of tree-nesting eagles at this site.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford","doi":"10.1650/7140","issn":"00105422","usgsCitation":"Katzner, T., Bragin, E.A., Knick, S., and Smith, A., 2003, Coexistence in a multispecies assemblage of eagles in central Asia: Condor, v. 105, no. 3, p. 538-551, https://doi.org/10.1650/7140.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"538","endPage":"551","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478471,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1650/7140","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":387466,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Kazakhstan","city":"Naurzum Zapovednik","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              68.90625,\n              50.00773901463687\n            ],\n            [\n              74.267578125,\n              50.00773901463687\n            ],\n            [\n              74.267578125,\n              52.3755991766591\n            ],\n            [\n              68.90625,\n              52.3755991766591\n            ],\n            [\n              68.90625,\n              50.00773901463687\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"105","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f7a0e4b0c8380cd4cbfc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Katzner, T.E.","contributorId":36340,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Katzner","given":"T.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bragin, E. A.","contributorId":98922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bragin","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Knick, S.T.","contributorId":71290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knick","given":"S.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smith, A.T.","contributorId":108291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"A.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70025747,"text":"70025747 - 2003 - Stable isotope fractionation of selenium by natural microbial consortia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-16T07:56:53","indexId":"70025747","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stable isotope fractionation of selenium by natural microbial consortia","docAbstract":"<p>The mobility and bioavailability of Se depend on its redox state, and reduction of Se oxyanions to less mobile, reduced species controls transport of this potentially toxic element in the environment. Stable isotope fractionation of Se is currently being developed as an indicator of Se immobilization through reduction. In this study, Se isotope fractionation resulting from reduction of Se(VI) and Se(IV) oxyanions by natural microbial consortia was measured in sediment slurry experiments under nearly natural conditions, with no substrate added. Experiments were conducted with a wide range of initial Se concentrations and with sediment and water from three locations with contrasting environmental settings. The products of Se(VI) and Se(IV) reduction were enriched in the lighter isotopes relative to the reactants. Shifts of -2.6<sup>0</sup>/<sub>00</sub> to -3.1<sup>0</sup>/<sub>00</sub> and -5.5<sup>0</sup>/<sub>00</sub> to -5.7<sup>0</sup>/<sub>00</sub>, respectively, were observed in the <sup>80</sup>Se/<sup>76</sup>Se ratio. These isotopic fractionations did not depend significantly on initial Se concentrations, which were varied from 22 μg/l to 8 mg/l, or on geochemical differences among the sediments. These results provide estimates of Se isotope fractionation in organic-rich wetland environments but may not be appropriate for substrate-poor aquifers and marine sediments.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0009-2541(02)00391-1","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Ellis, A., Johnson, T., Herbel, M., and Bullen, T., 2003, Stable isotope fractionation of selenium by natural microbial consortia: Chemical Geology, v. 195, no. 1-4, p. 119-129, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2541(02)00391-1.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"119","endPage":"129","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234674,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208720,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2541(02)00391-1"}],"volume":"195","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9677e4b08c986b31b512","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ellis, A.S.","contributorId":10586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellis","given":"A.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, T.M.","contributorId":22332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"T.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Herbel, M.J.","contributorId":57232,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herbel","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bullen, T.D.","contributorId":79911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bullen","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70025777,"text":"70025777 - 2003 - Exhumation of high-pressure rocks beneath the Solund Basin, Western Gneiss Region of Norway","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:23","indexId":"70025777","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2389,"text":"Journal of Metamorphic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Exhumation of high-pressure rocks beneath the Solund Basin, Western Gneiss Region of Norway","docAbstract":"The Solund-Hyllestad-Lavik area affords an excellent opportunity to understand the ultrahigh-pressure Scandian orogeny because it contains a near-complete record of ophiolite emplacement, high-pressure metamorphism and large-scale extension. In this area, the Upper Allochthon was intruded by the c. 434 Ma Sogneskollen granodiorite and thrust eastward over the Middle/Lower Allochthon, probably in the Wenlockian. The Middle/Lower Allochthon was subducted to c. 50 km depth and the structurally lower Western Gneiss Complex was subducted to eclogite facies conditions at c. 80 km depth by c. 410-400 Ma. Within < 5-10 Myr, all these units were exhumed by the Nordfjord-Sogn detachment zone, producing shear strains > 100. Exhumation to upper crustal levels was complete by c. 403 Ma. The Solund fault produced the last few km of tectonic exhumation, bringing the near-ultrahigh-pressure rocks to within c. 3 km vertical distance from the low-grade Solund Conglomerate.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Metamorphic Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1046/j.1525-1314.2003.00468.x","issn":"02634929","usgsCitation":"Hacker, B.R., Andersen, T., Root, D., Mehl, L., Mattinson, J., and Wooden, J.L., 2003, Exhumation of high-pressure rocks beneath the Solund Basin, Western Gneiss Region of Norway: Journal of Metamorphic Geology, v. 21, no. 6, p. 613-629, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1525-1314.2003.00468.x.","startPage":"613","endPage":"629","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478534,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.520.2581","text":"External Repository"},{"id":208670,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1525-1314.2003.00468.x"},{"id":234568,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-07-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0daee4b0c8380cd53140","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hacker, B. R.","contributorId":54269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hacker","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Andersen, T.B.","contributorId":75715,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andersen","given":"T.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Root, D.B.","contributorId":99348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Root","given":"D.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mehl, L.","contributorId":107073,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mehl","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mattinson, J.M.","contributorId":18940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mattinson","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wooden, J. L.","contributorId":58678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wooden","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70025748,"text":"70025748 - 2003 - Tectonics of the Qinling (Central China): Tectonostratigraphy, geochronology, and deformation history","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-24T12:53:37","indexId":"70025748","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3525,"text":"Tectonophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tectonics of the Qinling (Central China): Tectonostratigraphy, geochronology, and deformation history","docAbstract":"<p>The Qinling orogen preserves a record of late mid-Proterozoic to Cenozoic tectonism in central China. High-pressure metamorphism and ophiolite emplacement (Songshugou ophiolite) assembled the Yangtze craton, including the lower Qinling unit, into Rodinia during the ~1.0 Ga Grenvillian orogeny. The lower Qinling unit then rifted from the Yangtze craton at ~0.7 Ga. Subsequent intra-oceanic arc formation at ~470-490 Ma was followed by accretion of the lower Qinling unit first to the intra-oceanic arc and then to the Sino-Korea craton. Subduction then imprinted a ~400 Ma Andean-type magmatic arc onto all units north of the northern Liuling unit. Oblique subduction created Silurian-Devonian WNW-trending, sinistral transpressive wrench zones (e.g., Lo-Nan, Shang-Dan), and Late Permian-Early Triassic subduction reactivated them in dextral transpression (Lo-Nan, Shang-Xiang, Shang-Dan) and subducted the northern edge of the Yangtze craton. Exhumation of the cratonal edge formed the Wudang metamorphic core complex during dominantly pure shear crustal extension at ~230-235 Ma. Post-collisional south-directed shortening continued through the Early Jurassic. Cretaceous reactivation of the Qinling orogen started with NW-SE sinistral transtension, coeval with large-scale Early Cretaceous crustal extension and sinistral transtension in the northern Dabie Shan; it presumably resulted from the combined effects of the Siberia-Mongolia-Sino-Korean and Lhasa-West Burma-Qiangtang-Indochina collisions and Pacific subduction. Regional dextral wrenching was active within a NE-SW extensional regime between ~60 and 100 Ma. An Early Cretaceous Andean-type continental magmatic arc, with widespread Early Cretaceous magmatism and back-arc extension, was overprinted by shortening related to the collision of Yangtze-Indochina Block with the West Philippines Block. Strike-slip and normal faults associated with Eocene half-graben basins record Paleogene NNE-SSW contraction and WNW-ESE extension. The Neogene(?) is characterized by normal faults and NNE-trending sub-horizontal extension. Pleistocene(?)-Quaternary NW-SE extension and NE-SW contraction comprises sinistral strike-slip faults and is part of the NW-SE extension imposed across eastern Asia by the India-Asia collision.&nbsp;</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Tectonophysics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0040-1951(03)00053-2","issn":"00401951","usgsCitation":"Ratschbacher, L., Hacker, B.R., Calvert, A., Webb, L., Grimmer, J., McWilliams, M., Ireland, T., Dong, S., and Hu, J., 2003, Tectonics of the Qinling (Central China): Tectonostratigraphy, geochronology, and deformation history: Tectonophysics, v. 366, no. 1-2, p. 1-53, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-1951(03)00053-2.","startPage":"1","endPage":"53","numberOfPages":"53","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234709,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208742,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0040-1951(03)00053-2"}],"volume":"366","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba48ee4b08c986b320424","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ratschbacher, L.","contributorId":49154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ratschbacher","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hacker, B. R.","contributorId":54269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hacker","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Calvert, A.","contributorId":105089,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Calvert","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Webb, L.E.","contributorId":69341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webb","given":"L.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Grimmer, J.C.","contributorId":10587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grimmer","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"McWilliams, M.O.","contributorId":7840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McWilliams","given":"M.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ireland, T.","contributorId":105891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ireland","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Dong, S.","contributorId":18548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dong","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Hu, Jiawen","contributorId":41630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hu","given":"Jiawen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70025776,"text":"70025776 - 2003 - Lithofacies control in detrital zircon provenance studies: Insights from the Cretaceous Methow basin, southern Canadian Cordillera","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:23","indexId":"70025776","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lithofacies control in detrital zircon provenance studies: Insights from the Cretaceous Methow basin, southern Canadian Cordillera","docAbstract":"High-frequency sampling for detrital zircon analysis can provide a detailed record of fine-scale basin evolution by revealing the temporal and spatial variability of detrital zircon ages within clastic sedimentary successions. This investigation employed detailed sampling of two sedimentary successions in the Methow/Methow-Tyaughton basin of the southern Canadian Cordillera to characterize the heterogeneity of detrital zircon signatures within single lithofacies and assess the applicability of detrital zircon analysis in distinguishing fine-scale provenance changes not apparent in lithologic analysis of the strata. The Methow/Methow-Tyaughton basin contains two distinct stratigraphic sequences of middle Albian to Santonian clastic sedimentary rocks: submarine-fan deposits of the Harts Pass Formation/Jackass Mountain Group and fluvial deposits of the Winthrop Formation. Although both stratigraphic sequences displayed consistent ranges in detrital zircon ages on a broad scale, detailed sampling within each succession revealed heterogeneity in the detrital zircon age distributions that was systematic and predictable in the turbidite succession but unpredictable in the fluvial succession. These results suggest that a high-density sampling approach permits interpretation of finescale changes within a lithologically uniform turbiditic sedimentary succession, but heterogeneity within fluvial systems may be too large and unpredictable to permit accurate fine-scale characterization of the evolution of source regions. The robust composite detrital zircon age signature developed for these two successions permits comparison of the Methow/Methow-Tyaughton basin age signature with known plutonic source-rock ages from major plutonic belts throughout the Cretaceous North American margin. The Methow/Methow-Tyaughton basin detrital zircon age signature matches best with source regions in the southern Canadian Cordillera, requiring that the basin developed in close proximity to the southern Canadian Cordillera and providing evidence against large-scale dextral translation of the Methow terrane.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/B25267.1","issn":"00167606","usgsCitation":"DeGraaff-Surpless, K., Mahoney, J., Wooden, J.L., and McWilliams, M., 2003, Lithofacies control in detrital zircon provenance studies: Insights from the Cretaceous Methow basin, southern Canadian Cordillera: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 115, no. 8, p. 899-915, https://doi.org/10.1130/B25267.1.","startPage":"899","endPage":"915","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208651,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/B25267.1"},{"id":234535,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"115","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-08-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4836e4b0c8380cd67cd3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DeGraaff-Surpless, K.","contributorId":63993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeGraaff-Surpless","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mahoney, J. B.","contributorId":70959,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahoney","given":"J. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wooden, J. L.","contributorId":58678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wooden","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McWilliams, M.O.","contributorId":7840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McWilliams","given":"M.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70025775,"text":"70025775 - 2003 - Molecular epidemiology of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus reveals complex virus traffic and evolution within southern Idaho aquaculture","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-28T16:29:53","indexId":"70025775","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1396,"text":"Diseases of Aquatic Organisms","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Molecular epidemiology of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus reveals complex virus traffic and evolution within southern Idaho aquaculture","docAbstract":"<p>Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) is a rhabdovirus which infects salmon and trout and may cause disease with up to 90% mortality. In the Hagerman Valley of Idaho, IHNV is endemic or epidemic among numerous fish farms and resource mitigation hatcheries. A previous study characterizing the genetic diversity among 84 IHNV isolates at 4 virus-endemic rainbow trout farms indicated that multiple lineages of relatively high diversity co-circulated at these facilities (Troyer et al. 2000 J Gen Virol. 81:2823-2832). We tested the hypothesis that high IHNV genetic diversity and co-circulating lineages are present in aquaculture facilities throughout this region. In this study, 73 virus isolates from 14 rainbow trout farms and 3 state hatcheries in the Hagerman Valley, isolated between 1978 and 1999, were genetically characterized by sequence analysis of a 303 nucleotide region of the glycoprotein gene. Phylogenetic and epidemiological analyses showed that multiple IHNV lineages co-circulate in a complex pattern throughout private trout farms and state hatcheries in the valley. IHNV maintained within the valley appears to have evolved significantly over the 22 yr study period.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research","doi":"10.3354/dao055175","issn":"01775103","usgsCitation":"Troyer, R., and Kurath, G., 2003, Molecular epidemiology of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus reveals complex virus traffic and evolution within southern Idaho aquaculture: Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, v. 55, no. 3, p. 175-185, https://doi.org/10.3354/dao055175.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"175","endPage":"185","numberOfPages":"11","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478560,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/dao055175","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":234534,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"55","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5d02e4b0c8380cd700d1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Troyer, R.M.","contributorId":63592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Troyer","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kurath, Gael 0000-0003-3294-560X gkurath@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3294-560X","contributorId":100522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kurath","given":"Gael","email":"gkurath@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":406535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70025749,"text":"70025749 - 2003 - Influence of flow and temperature on survival of wild subyearling fall chinook salmon in the Snake River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:22","indexId":"70025749","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of flow and temperature on survival of wild subyearling fall chinook salmon in the Snake River","docAbstract":"Summer flow augmentation to increase the survival of wild subyearling fall chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha is implemented annually to mitigate for the development of the hydropower system in the Snake River basin, but the efficacy of this practice has been disputed. We studied some of the factors affecting survival of wild subyearling fall chinook salmon from capture, tagging, and release in the free-flowing Snake River to the tailrace of the first dam encountered by smolts en route to the sea. We then assessed the effects of summer flow augmentation on survival to the tailrace of this dam. We tagged and released 5,030 wild juvenile fall chinook salmon in the free-flowing Snake River from 1998 to 2000. We separated these tagged fish into four sequential within-year release groups termed cohorts (N = 12). Survival probability estimates (mean ?? SE) to the tailrace of the dam for the 12 cohorts when summer flow augmentation was implemented ranged from 36% ?? 4% to 88% ?? 5%. We fit an ordinary least-squares multiple regression model from indices of flow and temperature that explained 92% (N = 12; P < 0.0001) of the observed variability in cohort survival. Survival generally increased with increasing flow and decreased with increasing temperature. We used the regression model to predict cohort survival for flow and temperature conditions observed when summer flow augmentation was implemented and for approximated flow and temperature conditions had the summer flow augmentation not been implemented. Survival of all cohorts was predicted to be higher when flow was augmented than when flow was not augmented because summer flow augmentation increased the flow levels and decreased the temperatures fish were exposed to as they moved seaward. We conclude that summer flow augmentation increases the survival of young fall chinook salmon.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/1548-8675(2003)023<0362:IOFATO>2.0.CO;2","issn":"02755947","usgsCitation":"Connor, W., Burge, H., Yearsley, J., and Bjornn, T., 2003, Influence of flow and temperature on survival of wild subyearling fall chinook salmon in the Snake River: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 23, no. 2, p. 362-375, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(2003)023<0362:IOFATO>2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"362","endPage":"375","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208743,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(2003)023<0362:IOFATO>2.0.CO;2"},{"id":234710,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3b36e4b0c8380cd6230a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Connor, W.P.","contributorId":98090,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Connor","given":"W.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burge, H.L.","contributorId":57104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burge","given":"H.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Yearsley, J.R.","contributorId":74554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yearsley","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bjornn, T.C.","contributorId":9033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bjornn","given":"T.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70025429,"text":"70025429 - 2003 - Limitations and implications of stream classification","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:29","indexId":"70025429","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Limitations and implications of stream classification","docAbstract":"Stream classifications that are based on channel form, such as the Rosgen Level II classification, are useful tools for the physical description and grouping of streams and for providing a means of communication for stream studies involving scientists and (or) managers with different backgrounds. The Level II classification also is used as a tool to assess stream stability, infer geomorphic processes, predict future geomorphic response, and guide stream restoration or rehabilitation activities. The use of the Level II classification for these additional purposes is evaluated in this paper. Several examples are described to illustrate the limitations and management implications of the Level II classification. Limitations include: (1) time dependence, (2) uncertain applicability across physical environments, (3) difficulty in identification of a true equilibrium condition, (4) potential for incorrect determination of bankfull elevation, and (5) uncertain process significance of classification criteria. Implications of using stream classifications based on channel form, such as Rosgen's, include: (1) acceptance of the limitations, (2) acceptance of the risk of classifying streams incorrectly, and (3) classification results may be used inappropriately. It is concluded that use of the Level II classification for purposes beyond description and communication is not appropriate. Research needs are identified that, if addressed, may help improve the usefulness of the Level II classification.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"1093474X","usgsCitation":"Juracek, K.E., and Fitzpatrick, F., 2003, Limitations and implications of stream classification: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 39, no. 3, p. 659-670.","startPage":"659","endPage":"670","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235969,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4787e4b0c8380cd678b0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Juracek, K. E. 0000-0002-2102-8980","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2102-8980","contributorId":44570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Juracek","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fitzpatrick, F. A. 0000-0002-9748-7075","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9748-7075","contributorId":61446,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitzpatrick","given":"F. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70025750,"text":"70025750 - 2003 - Fin development in stream- and hatchery-reared Atlantic salmon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:22","indexId":"70025750","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":853,"text":"Aquaculture","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fin development in stream- and hatchery-reared Atlantic salmon","docAbstract":"To determine the effect of development and environment on fin growth, we measured fin lengths of juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) from two hatcheries (August, October and April-May), stream-reared fish (July and October) stocked as fry into two tributaries, and smelts from the main stem of the Connecticut River (May). For stream-reared parr, there was a linear relationship between the dorsal, caudal and anal fins with fork length, while the pectoral, pelvic and adipose fins exhibited a curvilinear relationship with fork length. Parr from a high gradient stream had larger caudal fins than fish from a low gradient stream, but other fins did not differ. Regression lines for the fins of stream-reared smelts were all linear when fin length was regressed against fork length. Stream-reared parr had larger pectoral, pelvic and anal fins than smolts of similar size while dorsal and caudal fin lengths did not differ. Regression equations formulated using the fins of stream-reared parr were used to calculate the percent difference (100 x observed fin length/expected) in fin lengths between stream- and hatchery-reared parr. The pelvic, adipose, caudal and anal fins of hatchery-reared parr showed no signs of degeneration by the first sampling period 7 months after hatching, whereas degeneration in the pectoral (13-20%) and dorsal (15-18%) fins was evident at this time. By the end of the study, degeneration was present in every fin except the adipose, with the pectoral (35-65%) and dorsal (32-58%) fins exhibiting the greatest amount of fin loss. All fins of hatchery-reared parr became shorter with time. There were minor differences in fin degeneration among parr from the two hatcheries, but the overall pattern of decreasing fin size was similar, indicating a common cause of fin degeneration. Comparison of stream- and hatchery-reared fish is a valuable means of determining the impact of captive environments on fin growth.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Aquaculture","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0044-8486(02)00625-7","issn":"00448486","usgsCitation":"Pelis, R.M., and McCormick, S., 2003, Fin development in stream- and hatchery-reared Atlantic salmon: Aquaculture, v. 220, no. 1-4, p. 525-536, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(02)00625-7.","startPage":"525","endPage":"536","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478396,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.419.1203","text":"External Repository"},{"id":208769,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(02)00625-7"},{"id":234747,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"220","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a100ce4b0c8380cd53aea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pelis, Ryan M.","contributorId":30580,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pelis","given":"Ryan","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCormick, S. D. 0000-0003-0621-6200","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0621-6200","contributorId":20278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCormick","given":"S. D.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":406438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70025751,"text":"70025751 - 2003 - Analysis of a municipal wastewater treatment plant using a neural network-based pattern analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:22","indexId":"70025751","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3716,"text":"Water Research","onlineIssn":"1879-2448","printIssn":"0043-1354","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Analysis of a municipal wastewater treatment plant using a neural network-based pattern analysis","docAbstract":"This paper addresses the problem of how to capture the complex relationships that exist between process variables and to diagnose the dynamic behaviour of a municipal wastewater treatment plant (WTP). Due to the complex biological reaction mechanisms, the highly time-varying, and multivariable aspects of the real WTP, the diagnosis of the WTP are still difficult in practice. The application of intelligent techniques, which can analyse the multi-dimensional process data using a sophisticated visualisation technique, can be useful for analysing and diagnosing the activated-sludge WTP. In this paper, the Kohonen Self-Organising Feature Maps (KSOFM) neural network is applied to analyse the multi-dimensional process data, and to diagnose the inter-relationship of the process variables in a real activated-sludge WTP. By using component planes, some detailed local relationships between the process variables, e.g., responses of the process variables under different operating conditions, as well as the global information is discovered. The operating condition and the inter-relationship among the process variables in the WTP have been diagnosed and extracted by the information obtained from the clustering analysis of the maps. It is concluded that the KSOFM technique provides an effective analysing and diagnosing tool to understand the system behaviour and to extract knowledge contained in multi-dimensional data of a large-scale WTP. ?? 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0043-1354(02)00494-3","issn":"00431354","usgsCitation":"Hong, Y., Rosen, M.R., and Bhamidimarri, R., 2003, Analysis of a municipal wastewater treatment plant using a neural network-based pattern analysis: Water Research, v. 37, no. 7, p. 1608-1618, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(02)00494-3.","startPage":"1608","endPage":"1618","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208770,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(02)00494-3"},{"id":234748,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eb03e4b0c8380cd48b5f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hong, Y.-S.T.","contributorId":14169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hong","given":"Y.-S.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rosen, Michael R.","contributorId":43096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosen","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bhamidimarri, R.","contributorId":51508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bhamidimarri","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70025774,"text":"70025774 - 2003 - Vitality and chemistry of roots of red spruce in forest floors of stands with a gradient of soil Al/Ca ratios in the northeastern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:23","indexId":"70025774","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1170,"text":"Canadian Journal of Forest Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Vitality and chemistry of roots of red spruce in forest floors of stands with a gradient of soil Al/Ca ratios in the northeastern United States","docAbstract":"Number of living root tips per branch, percent dead roots, percent mycorrhizae and mycorrhizal morphotype, response of woody roots to wounding and colonization by fungi, and concentrations of starch, soluble sugars, phenols, percent C and N and C/N ratio, and Al Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, and P were measured for 2 consecutive years in roots of red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) in stands in the northeastern United States (nine in 1993 and two additional in 1994) dominated by red spruce and with a gradient of forest floor exchangeable Al/Ca ratios. Root vitality was measured for nonwoody and coarse woody roots; chemical variables were measured for nonwoody (<1 mm), fine woody (1 to <2 mm), and coarse woody (2 to <5 mm) roots. There were significant differences among sites for all variables, particularly in 1993, although few were related to the Al/Ca ratio gradient. Percent mycorrhizae decreased, while some morphotypes increased or decreased as the Al/Ca ratio increased. In nonwoody roots, N increased as the Al/Ca ratio increased. Most sampled trees appeared to be in good or fair health, suggesting that an adverse response of these root variables to high Al concentrations may be apparent only after a significant change in crown health.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Forest Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1139/x02-195","issn":"00455067","usgsCitation":"Wargo, P., Vogt, K., Vogt, D., Holifield, Q., Tilley, J., Lawrence, G., and David, M., 2003, Vitality and chemistry of roots of red spruce in forest floors of stands with a gradient of soil Al/Ca ratios in the northeastern United States: Canadian Journal of Forest Research, v. 33, no. 4, p. 635-652, https://doi.org/10.1139/x02-195.","startPage":"635","endPage":"652","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208629,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x02-195"},{"id":234499,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"33","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc29de4b08c986b32ac6b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wargo, P.M.","contributorId":84943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wargo","given":"P.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vogt, K.","contributorId":58043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vogt","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vogt, D.","contributorId":85852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vogt","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Holifield, Q.","contributorId":47655,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holifield","given":"Q.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tilley, J.","contributorId":16285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tilley","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lawrence, G.","contributorId":37541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lawrence","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"David, M.","contributorId":90438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"David","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
]}