{"pageNumber":"2895","pageRowStart":"72350","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184617,"records":[{"id":70025705,"text":"70025705 - 2003 - Modeling flow and transport in unsaturated fractured rock: An evaluation of the continuum approach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-25T08:43:53","indexId":"70025705","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2233,"text":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling flow and transport in unsaturated fractured rock: An evaluation of the continuum approach","docAbstract":"Because the continuum approach is relatively simple and straightforward to implement, it has been commonly used in modeling flow and transport in unsaturated fractured rock. However, the usefulness of this approach can be questioned in terms of its adequacy for representing fingering flow and transport in unsaturated fractured rock. The continuum approach thus needs to be evaluated carefully by comparing simulation results with field observations directly related to unsaturated flow and transport processes. This paper reports on such an evaluation, based on a combination of model calibration and prediction, using data from an infiltration test carried out in a densely fractured rock within the unsaturated zone of Yucca Mountain, Nevada. Comparisons between experimental and modeling results show that the continuum approach may be able to capture important features of flow and transport processes observed from the test. The modeling results also show that matrix diffusion may have a significant effect on the overall transport behavior in unsaturated fractured rocks, which can be used to estimate effective fracture-matrix interface areas based on tracer transport data. While more theoretical, numerical, and experimental studies are needed to provide a conclusive evaluation, this study suggests that the continuum approach is useful for modeling flow and transport in unsaturated, densely fractured rock. ?? 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0169-7722(02)00170-5","issn":"01697722","usgsCitation":"Liu, H., Haukwa, C., Ahlers, C., Bodvarsson, G., Flint, A.L., and Guertal, W., 2003, Modeling flow and transport in unsaturated fractured rock: An evaluation of the continuum approach: Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, v. 62-63, p. 173-188, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-7722(02)00170-5.","startPage":"173","endPage":"188","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478404,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc776968/","text":"External Repository"},{"id":234564,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208666,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0169-7722(02)00170-5"}],"volume":"62-63","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5bf9e4b0c8380cd6f941","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Liu, H.-H.","contributorId":14618,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"H.-H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haukwa, C.B.","contributorId":28415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haukwa","given":"C.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ahlers, C.F.","contributorId":77336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ahlers","given":"C.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bodvarsson, G.S.","contributorId":98045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bodvarsson","given":"G.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Flint, A. L.","contributorId":102453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Guertal, W.B.","contributorId":74553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guertal","given":"W.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70025704,"text":"70025704 - 2003 - Genetic variation in black bears in Arkansas and Louisiana using microsatellite DNA markers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-19T14:19:04","indexId":"70025704","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2373,"text":"Journal of Mammalogy","onlineIssn":"1545-1542","printIssn":"0022-2372","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Genetic variation in black bears in Arkansas and Louisiana using microsatellite DNA markers","docAbstract":"<p><span>In the 1950s and 1960s, translocation projects reintroduced black bears (</span><i>Ursus americanus</i><span>) from Minnesota and Manitoba to Arkansas and Louisiana. Today, several geographically disconnected populations exist in Arkansas and Louisiana, but their origins are unclear. Some populations may represent a separate subspecies,&nbsp;</span><i>U. a. luteolus</i><span>, which is federally protected. We characterized 5 microsatellite loci in 5 isolated populations in Arkansas and Louisiana and compared them with genotypes from Minnesota. Our data indicate that bears of the Ozark and Ouachita mountains of Arkansas, an inland area of Louisiana, and those of Minnesota are similar in overall genetic diversity and allele frequencies, consistent with these populations being wholly or mostly descended from bears from the reintroduction programs. In contrast, bears from southeastern Arkansas and the coastal region of Louisiana genetically are more restricted and homogeneous. Because they exhibit a limited set of genotypes found in the other black bear populations, they represent isolated fragments of a single North American black bear population. Furthermore, genetic distance estimates indicate that the bears in southeastern Arkansas are more genetically distinct from bears in Louisiana, which are currently federally protected.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Mammalogists","doi":"10.1644/1545-1542(2003)084<0691:GVIBBI>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00222372","usgsCitation":"Csiki, I., Lam, C., Key, A., Coulter, E., Clark, J.D., Pace, R.M., Smith, K.G., and Rhoads, D.D., 2003, Genetic variation in black bears in Arkansas and Louisiana using microsatellite DNA markers: Journal of Mammalogy, v. 84, no. 2, p. 691-701, https://doi.org/10.1644/1545-1542(2003)084<0691:GVIBBI>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"691","endPage":"701","numberOfPages":"11","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478405,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index 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Arkansas","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":406237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Clark, Joseph D. 0000-0002-8547-8112 jclark1@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8547-8112","contributorId":2265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Joseph","email":"jclark1@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":406240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Pace, Richard M. 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,{"id":70025702,"text":"70025702 - 2003 - Comparison of migration rate and survival between radio-tagged and PIT-tagged migrant yearling chinook salmon in the Snake and Columbia rivers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-28T15:30:57","indexId":"70025702","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of migration rate and survival between radio-tagged and PIT-tagged migrant yearling chinook salmon in the Snake and Columbia rivers","docAbstract":"<p>A study was conducted to compare the travel times, detection probabilities, and survival of migrant hatchery-reared yearling chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha tagged with either gastrically or surgically implanted sham radio tags (with an imbedded passive integrated transponder [PIT] tag) with those of their cohorts tagged only with PIT tags in the Snake and Columbia rivers. Juvenile chinook salmon with gastrically implanted radio tags migrated significantly faster than either surgically radio-tagged or PIT-tagged fish, while migration rates were similar among surgically radio-tagged and PIT-tagged fish. The probabilities of PIT tag detection at downstream dams varied by less than 5% and were not significantly different among the three groups. Survival was similar among treatments for median travel times of less than approximately 6 d (migration distance of 106 km). However, for both gastrically and surgically radio-tagged fish, survival was significantly less than for PIT-tagged fish, for which median travel times exceeded approximately 10 d (migration distance of 225 km). The results of this study support the use of radio tags to estimate the survival of juvenile chinook salmon having a median fork length of approximately 150 mm (range, 127-285 mm) and a median travel time of migration of less than approximately 6 d.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8675(2003)023<0404:COMRAS>2.0.CO;2","issn":"02755947","usgsCitation":"Hockersmith, E., Muir, W., Smith, S., Sandford, B., Perry, R., Adams, N., and Rondorf, D., 2003, Comparison of migration rate and survival between radio-tagged and PIT-tagged migrant yearling chinook salmon in the Snake and Columbia rivers: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 23, no. 2, p. 404-413, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(2003)023<0404:COMRAS>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"404","endPage":"413","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234530,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon, Washington","otherGeospatial":"Columbia River, Snake River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -117.33947753906249,\n              46.668287073883135\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.5482177734375,\n              46.72856582519053\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.8778076171875,\n              46.69843486113957\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.49304199218749,\n              46.638122462379656\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.87207031250001,\n              46.40756396630067\n           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S.G.","contributorId":78132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"S.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sandford, B.P.","contributorId":27234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sandford","given":"B.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Perry, R.W.","contributorId":43947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Adams, N.S.","contributorId":93175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"N.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Rondorf, D.W.","contributorId":80789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rondorf","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":406230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70025700,"text":"70025700 - 2003 - The strength and rheology of methane clathrate hydrate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:23","indexId":"70025700","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The strength and rheology of methane clathrate hydrate","docAbstract":"Methane clathrate hydrate (structure I) is found to be very strong, based on laboratory triaxial deformation experiments we have carried out on samples of synthetic, high-purity, polycrystalline material. Samples were deformed in compressional creep tests (i.e., constant applied stress, ??), at conditions of confining pressure P = 50 and 100 MPa, strain rate 4.5 ?? 10-8 ??? ?? ??? 4.3 ?? 10-4 s-1, temperature 260 ??? T ??? 287 K, and internal methane pressure 10 ??? PCH4 ??? 15 MPa. At steady state, typically reached in a few percent strain, methane hydrate exhibited strength that was far higher than expected on the basis of published work. In terms of the standard high-temperature creep law, ?? = A??ne-(E*+PV*)/RT the rheology is described by the constants A = 108.55 MPa-n s-1, n = 2.2, E* = 90,000 J mol-1, and V* = 19 cm3 mol-1. For comparison at temperatures just below the ice point, methane hydrate at a given strain rate is over 20 times stronger than ice, and the contrast increases at lower temperatures. The possible occurrence of syntectonic dissociation of methane hydrate to methane plus free water in these experiments suggests that the high strength measured here may be only a lower bound. On Earth, high strength in hydrate-bearing formations implies higher energy release upon decomposition and subsequent failure. In the outer solar system, if Titan has a 100-km-thick near-surface layer of high-strength, low-thermal conductivity methane hydrate as has been suggested, its interior is likely to be considerably warmer than previously expected.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Durham, W., Kirby, S.H., Stern, L., and Zhang, W., 2003, The strength and rheology of methane clathrate hydrate: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 108, no. 4.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234495,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"108","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb08fe4b08c986b324f2d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Durham, W.B.","contributorId":72135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Durham","given":"W.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kirby, S. H.","contributorId":51721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirby","given":"S.","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stern, L.A.","contributorId":38293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stern","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zhang, W.","contributorId":92399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70025699,"text":"70025699 - 2003 - Seismic velocity anisotropy and heterogeneity beneath the Mantle Electromagnetic and Tomography Experiment (MELT) region of the East Pacific Rise from analysis of P and S body waves","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:35","indexId":"70025699","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seismic velocity anisotropy and heterogeneity beneath the Mantle Electromagnetic and Tomography Experiment (MELT) region of the East Pacific Rise from analysis of P and S body waves","docAbstract":"We use teleseismic P and S delay times and shear wave splitting measurements to constrain isotropic and anisotropic heterogeneity in the mantle beneath the southern East Pacific Rise (SEPR). The data comprise 462 P and S delay times and 18 shear wave splitting observations recorded during the Mantle Electromagnetic and Tomography (MELT) Experiment. We estimate the mantle melt content (F) and temperature (T) variation from the isotropic velocity variation. Our results indicate that the maximum variation in F beneath our array is between zero and ???1.2%, and maximum variation in T is between zero and ???100 K. We favor an explanation having partial contributions from both T and F. We approximate the seismic anisotropy of the upper mantle with hexagonal symmetry, consistent with the assumption of two dimensionality of mantle flow. Our new tomographic technique uses a nonlinear inversion of P and slow S polarization delay times to simultaneously solve for coupled VP and VS heterogeneity throughout the model and for the magnitude of anisotropy within discrete domains. The domain dimensions and the dip of the anisotropy are fixed for each inversion but are varied in a grid search, obtaining the misfit of the models to the body wave delay data and to split times of vertically propagating S waves. The data misfit and the isotropic heterogeneity are sensitive to domain dimensions and dip of anisotropy. In a region centered beneath the SEPR the best average dip of the hexagonal symmetry axis is horizontal or dipping shallowly (<30??) west. Given the resolution of our data, a subaxial region characterized by vertically aligned symmetry axes may exist but is limited to be <80 km deep. We infer that the mantle flow beneath the SEPR is consistent with shallow asthenospheric return flow from the direction of the South Pacific superswell.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Hammond, W., and Toomey, D., 2003, Seismic velocity anisotropy and heterogeneity beneath the Mantle Electromagnetic and Tomography Experiment (MELT) region of the East Pacific Rise from analysis of P and S body waves: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 108, no. 4.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235073,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"108","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8b75e4b08c986b317847","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hammond, W.C.","contributorId":19347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hammond","given":"W.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Toomey, D.R. 0000-0003-2873-4084","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2873-4084","contributorId":57637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Toomey","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70025698,"text":"70025698 - 2003 - Role of debris flows in long-term landscape denudation in the central Appalachians of Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:35","indexId":"70025698","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Role of debris flows in long-term landscape denudation in the central Appalachians of Virginia","docAbstract":"Four major storms that triggered debris flows in the Virginia-West Virginia Appalachians provide new insights into the role of high-magnitude, low-frequency floods in long-term denudation and landscape evolution in mountainous terrain. Storm denudation in the Blue Ridge Mountain drainage basins in approximately an order of magnitude greater compared to basins located in the mountains of the Valley and Ridge province. This difference is probably the result of higher storm rainfall from the Blue Ridge storms. Radiocarbon dating of debris-flow deposits in the Blue Ridge indicates a debris-flow return interval of not more than 2-4 k.y, in mountainous river basins. This finding, combined with measurements of basin denudation, suggests that approximately half of the long-term denudation from mechanical load occurs episodically by debris-flow processes. Although floods of moderate magnitude are largely responsible for mobilizing sediment in low-gradient streams, our data suggest that high-magnitude, low-frequency events are the most significant component in delivering coarse-grained regolith from mountainous hollows and channels to the lowland floodplains.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(2003)031<0339:RODFIL>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Eaton, L., Morgan, B., Kochel, R., and Howard, A., 2003, Role of debris flows in long-term landscape denudation in the central Appalachians of Virginia: Geology, v. 31, no. 4, p. 339-342, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(2003)031<0339:RODFIL>2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"339","endPage":"342","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208948,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(2003)031<0339:RODFIL>2.0.CO;2"},{"id":235072,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aae4ce4b0c8380cd8707c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eaton, L.S.","contributorId":88403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eaton","given":"L.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morgan, B. A.","contributorId":87128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morgan","given":"B. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kochel, R.C.","contributorId":60001,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kochel","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Howard, A.D.","contributorId":95538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howard","given":"A.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70025434,"text":"70025434 - 2003 - Long-term, high-frequency current and temperature measurements along central California: Insights into upwelling/relaxation and internal waves on the inner shelf","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:59","indexId":"70025434","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1333,"text":"Continental Shelf Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Long-term, high-frequency current and temperature measurements along central California: Insights into upwelling/relaxation and internal waves on the inner shelf","docAbstract":"Thermistor chains and acoustic Doppler current profilers were deployed at the northern and southern ends of Monterey Bay to examine the thermal and hydrodynamic structure of the inner (h ??? 20 m) shelf of central California. These instruments sampled temperature and current velocity at 2-min intervals over a 13-month period from June 2000 to July 2001. Time series of these data, in conjunction with SST imagery and CODAR sea surface current maps, helped to establish the basic hydrography for Monterey Bay. Analysis of time series data revealed that depth integrated flow at both sites was shore parallel (northwest-southeast) with net flows out of the Bay (northwest). The current and temperature records were dominated by semi-diurnal and diurnal tidal signals that lagged the surface tides by 3 h on average. Over the course of an internal tidal cycle these flows were asymmetric, with the flow during the flooding internal tide to the southeast typically lasting only one-third as long as the flow to the northwest during the ebbing internal tide. The transitions from ebb to flood were rapid and bore-like in nature; they were also marked by rapid increases in temperature and high shear. During the spring and summer, when thermal stratification was high, we observed almost 2000 high-frequency (Tp ??? 4-20 min) internal waves in packets of 8-10 following the heads of these bore-like features. Previous studies along the West Coast of the US have concluded that warm water bores and high-frequency internal waves may play a significant role in the onshore transport of larvae.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Continental Shelf Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0278-4343(03)00045-1","issn":"02784343","usgsCitation":"Storlazzi, C., McManus, M., and Figurski, J., 2003, Long-term, high-frequency current and temperature measurements along central California: Insights into upwelling/relaxation and internal waves on the inner shelf: Continental Shelf Research, v. 23, no. 9, p. 901-918, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0278-4343(03)00045-1.","startPage":"901","endPage":"918","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209507,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0278-4343(03)00045-1"},{"id":236044,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a49b4e4b0c8380cd6880b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Storlazzi, C. D. 0000-0001-8057-4490","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8057-4490","contributorId":98905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Storlazzi","given":"C. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McManus, M.A.","contributorId":73390,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McManus","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Figurski, J.D.","contributorId":80853,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Figurski","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70025695,"text":"70025695 - 2003 - Sequestration of phosphorus by acid mine drainage floc","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-15T17:14:42.803457","indexId":"70025695","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sequestration of phosphorus by acid mine drainage floc","docAbstract":"<p><span>Solubilization and transport of phosphorus (P) to the water environment is a critical environmental issue. Flocs resulting from neutralizing acid mine drainage (AMD) were tested as a possible low-cost amendment to reduce the loss of soluble P from agricultural fields and animal wastewater. Flocs were prepared by neutralizing natural and synthetic solutions of AMD with limestone, lime, ammonium hydroxide, and sodium hydroxide. Phosphorus sequestration was tested in three distinct environments: water, soil, and manure storage basins. In water, flocs prepared from AMD adsorbed 10 to 20 g P kg</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;dry floc in equilibrium with 1 mg L</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;soluble P. Similar results were observed for both Fe-based and Al-based synthetic flocs. A local soil sample adsorbed about 0.1 g P kg</span><sup>−1</sup><span>, about two orders of magnitude less. The AMD-derived flocs were mixed with a high-P soil at 5 to 80 g floc kg</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;soil, followed by water and acid (Mehlich-1) extractions. All flocs performed similarly. About 70% of the water-extractable P was sequestered by the floc when applied at a rate of 20 g floc kg</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;soil, whereas plant-available P only decreased by about 30%. Under anaerobic conditions simulating manure storage basins, all AMD flocs reduced soluble P by greater than 95% at a rate of 0.2 g floc g</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;rainbow trout (</span><i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i><span>) manure. These findings indicate that AMD flocs could be an effective agent for preventing soluble P losses from soil and manure to the water environment, while at the same time decreasing the costs associated with AMD treatment.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Agronomy","doi":"10.2134/jeq2003.1122","issn":"00472425","usgsCitation":"Adler, P., and Sibrell, P., 2003, Sequestration of phosphorus by acid mine drainage floc: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 32, no. 3, p. 1122-1129, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2003.1122.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1122","endPage":"1129","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":387929,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8d56e4b08c986b318353","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Adler, P.R.","contributorId":55548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adler","given":"P.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sibrell, P.L.","contributorId":13343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sibrell","given":"P.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70025694,"text":"70025694 - 2003 - Effects of flooding on abundance of native and nonnative fishes downstream from a small impoundment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:31","indexId":"70025694","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of flooding on abundance of native and nonnative fishes downstream from a small impoundment","docAbstract":"Flooding can benefit native fishes in southwestern streams by disproportionately displacing nonnative fishes. We examined how the presence of an upstream impoundment affected this relationship in lower Sonoita Creek, Arizona. Nonnative species not found in the reservoir decreased in abundance in lower Sonoita Creek after flooding. The catch and relative abundance of some nonnative species found in both the reservoir and the creek increased in lower Sonoita Creek after flooding. Movement of nonnative fishes out of the reservoir via the spillway during periods of high water probably contributes to the persistence and abundance of these species downstream. Both preventing nonnative fishes from escaping reservoirs and the release of flushing flows would aid conservation of native southwestern fishes downstream.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/1548-8675(2003)023<0503:EOFOAO>2.0.CO;2","issn":"02755947","usgsCitation":"Schultz, A., Maughan, O., Bonar, S.A., and Matter, W., 2003, Effects of flooding on abundance of native and nonnative fishes downstream from a small impoundment: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 23, no. 2, p. 503-511, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(2003)023<0503:EOFOAO>2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"503","endPage":"511","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208910,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(2003)023<0503:EOFOAO>2.0.CO;2"},{"id":235003,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a06f5e4b0c8380cd514ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schultz, A.A.","contributorId":9436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schultz","given":"A.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Maughan, O.E.","contributorId":70520,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maughan","given":"O.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bonar, Scott A.","contributorId":79617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonar","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Matter, W.J.","contributorId":71740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matter","given":"W.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70025435,"text":"70025435 - 2003 - Habitat use by Swainson's Warblers in a managed bottomland forest","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-29T16:07:53.014237","indexId":"70025435","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3783,"text":"The Wilson Bulletin","printIssn":"0043-5643","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Habitat use by Swainson's Warblers in a managed bottomland forest","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Swainson's Warbler (</span><span class=\"genus-species\">Limnothlypis swainsonii</span><span>) is a locally distributed and relatively uncommon Neotropical migrant songbird that breeds in the bottomland forests of the southeastern United States and spends the nonbreeding season in the Caribbean Basin. Populations of Swainson's Warblers have declined during recent decades as bottomland forests have come under increasingly intensive management and large areas have been converted to other land uses. We examined the habitat around song perches used by male Swainson's Warblers at Big Hammock Wildlife Management Area, a managed bottomland forest along the Altamaha River in Tattnall County, Georgia. We quantified 20 features of habitat structure in areas occupied by Swainson's Warblers (occupied plots) and two sets of controls: unoccupied plots adjacent to occupied plots (adjacent control plots) and unoccupied plots throughout the management area (general control plots). Occupied plots and adjacent control plots both differed in structure from the general control plots. We detected no significant differences, however, in vegetation structure between occupied plots and adjacent control plots. General control plots tended to have a greater number of trees, greater basal area, and a complete canopy, whereas occupied and adjacent control plots had high densities of small stems, cane, herbaceous ground cover, and leaf litter; this latter pattern is typical of documented Swainson's Warbler breeding habitat. Lack of significant differences in vegetation structure may be due to great variation in habitat structure around song perches, small sample size, or scarcity of Swainson's Warblers. Future research should focus on quantifying habitat characteristics around nest sites, song perches, and feeding areas. Our results suggest that management of bottomland habitats by thinning forests and encouraging regeneration of canebrakes is needed for successful conservation of Swainson's Warblers.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"BioOne","doi":"10.1676/02-110","issn":"00435643","usgsCitation":"Somershoe, S., Hudman, S., and Chandler, C., 2003, Habitat use by Swainson's Warblers in a managed bottomland forest: The Wilson Bulletin, v. 115, no. 2, p. 148-154, https://doi.org/10.1676/02-110.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"148","endPage":"154","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478519,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/210472","text":"External Repository"},{"id":388624,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Caribbean Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -80.771484375,\n              25.20494115356912\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.6708984375,\n              23.483400654325642\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.01171875,\n              20.715015145512087\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.033203125,\n              15.834535741221565\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.7158203125,\n              15.284185114076433\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.7822265625,\n              8.971897294083014\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.31054687499999,\n              9.318990192397905\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.16796875,\n              8.015715997869071\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.6298828125,\n              10.35815140094367\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.982421875,\n              12.425847783029134\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.60937499999999,\n              12.254127737657381\n            ],\n            [\n              -67.6318359375,\n              10.228437266155943\n            ],\n            [\n              -62.40234375,\n              10.703791711680736\n            ],\n            [\n              -61.2158203125,\n              15.241789855961722\n            ],\n            [\n              -62.5341796875,\n              22.187404991398775\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.771484375,\n              25.20494115356912\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"115","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2f3be4b0c8380cd5cbe1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Somershoe, S.G.","contributorId":10893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Somershoe","given":"S.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hudman, S.P.","contributorId":98095,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudman","given":"S.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chandler, C.R.","contributorId":23739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chandler","given":"C.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70025692,"text":"70025692 - 2003 - Arsenic in groundwater in eastern New England: Occurrence, controls, and human health implications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:32","indexId":"70025692","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Arsenic in groundwater in eastern New England: Occurrence, controls, and human health implications","docAbstract":"In eastern New England, high concentrations (greater than 10 ??g/L) of arsenic occur in groundwater. Privately supplied drinking water from bedrock aquifers often has arsenic concentrations at levels of concern to human health, whereas drinking water from unconsolidated aquifers is least affected by arsenic contamination. Water from wells in metasedimentary bedrock units, primarily in Maine and New Hampshire, has the highest arsenic concentrations - nearly 30% of wells in these aquifers produce water with arsenic concentrations greater than 10 ??g/L. Arsenic was also found at concentrations of 3-40 mg/kg in whole rock samples in these formations, suggesting a possible geologic source. Arsenic is most common in groundwater with high pH. High pH is related to groundwater age and possibly the presence of calcite in bedrock. Ion exchange in areas formerly inundated by seawater also may increase pH. Wells sampled twice during periods of 1-10 months have similar arsenic concentrations (slope = 0.89; r-squared = 0.97). On the basis of water-use information for the aquifers studied, about 103 000 people with private wells could have water supplies with arsenic at levels of concern (greater than 10 ??g/L) for human health.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Science and Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1021/es026211g","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Ayotte, J., Montgomery, D., Flanagan, S.M., and Robinson, K.W., 2003, Arsenic in groundwater in eastern New England: Occurrence, controls, and human health implications: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 37, no. 10, p. 2075-2083, https://doi.org/10.1021/es026211g.","startPage":"2075","endPage":"2083","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208889,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es026211g"},{"id":234966,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-04-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ed91e4b0c8380cd498ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ayotte, J. D.","contributorId":96667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ayotte","given":"J. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Montgomery, D.L.","contributorId":100901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Montgomery","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Flanagan, S. M.","contributorId":12523,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flanagan","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Robinson, K. W.","contributorId":27488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70025436,"text":"70025436 - 2003 - The relationship between the instantaneous velocity field and the rate of moment release in the lithosphere","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-24T12:45:28","indexId":"70025436","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1803,"text":"Geophysical Journal International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The relationship between the instantaneous velocity field and the rate of moment release in the lithosphere","docAbstract":"<p>Instantaneous velocity gradients within the continental lithosphere are often related to the tectonic driving forces. This relationship is direct if the forces are secular, as for the case of loading of a locked section of a subduction interface by the downgoing plate. If the forces are static, as for the case of lateral variations in gravitational potential energy, then velocity gradients can be produced only if the lithosphere has, on average, zero strength. The static force model may be related to the long-term velocity field but not the instantaneous velocity field (typically measured geodetically over a period of several years) because over short time intervals the upper lithosphere behaves elastically. In order to describe both the short- and long-term behaviour of an (elastic) lithosphere-(viscoelastic) asthenosphere system in a self-consistent manner, I construct a deformation model termed the expected interseismic velocity (EIV) model. Assuming that the lithosphere is populated with faults that rupture continually, each with a definite mean recurrence time, and that the Earth is well approximated as a linear elastic-viscoelastic coupled system, I derive a simple relationship between the instantaneous velocity field and the average rate of moment release in the lithosphere. Examples with synthetic fault networks demonstrate that velocity gradients in actively deforming regions may to a large extent be the product of compounded viscoelastic relaxation from past earthquakes on hundreds of faults distributed over large ( ≥106 km2) areas.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Journal International","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1046/j.1365-246X.2003.01924.x","issn":"0956540X","usgsCitation":"Pollitz, F., 2003, The relationship between the instantaneous velocity field and the rate of moment release in the lithosphere: Geophysical Journal International, v. 153, no. 3, p. 595-608, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-246X.2003.01924.x.","startPage":"595","endPage":"608","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478510,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-246x.2003.01924.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":236079,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209522,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-246X.2003.01924.x"}],"volume":"153","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baf20e4b08c986b324579","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pollitz, F. F.","contributorId":108280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pollitz","given":"F. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70025691,"text":"70025691 - 2003 - Environmental fate of roxarsone in poultry litter. I. Degradation of roxarsone during composting","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-05T14:34:43","indexId":"70025691","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Environmental fate of roxarsone in poultry litter. I. Degradation of roxarsone during composting","docAbstract":"<p>Roxarsone, 3-nitro-4-hydroxyphenylarsonic acid, is an organoarsenic compound that is used extensively in the feed of broiler poultryto control coccidial intestinal parasites, improve feed efficiency, and promote rapid growth. Nearly all the roxarsone in the feed is excreted unchanged in the manure. Poultry litter composed of the manure and bedding material has a high nutrient content and is used routinely as a fertilizer on cropland and pasture. Investigations were conducted to determine the fate of poultrylitter roxarsone in the environment. Experiments indicated that roxarsone was stable in fresh dried litter; the primary arsenic species extracted with water from dried litter was roxarsone. However, when water was added to litter at about 50 wt % and the mixture was allowed to compost at 40<sup>o</sup>C, the speciation of arsenic shifted from roxarsone to primarily arsenate in about 30 days. Increasing the amount of water increased the rate of degradation. Experiments also suggested that the degradation process most likely was biotic in nature. The rate of degradation was directly proportional to the incubation temperature; heat sterilization eliminated the degradation. Biotic degradation also was supported by results from enterobacteriaceae growth media that were inoculated with litter slurry to enhance the biotic processes and to reduce the concomitant abiotic effects from the complex litter solution. Samples collected from a variety of litter windrows in Arkansas, Oklahoma, and Maryland also showed that roxarsone originally present had been converted to arsenate.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Science and Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1021/es026219q","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Garbarino, J., Bednar, A., Rutherford, D., Beyer, R., and Wershaw, R., 2003, Environmental fate of roxarsone in poultry litter. I. Degradation of roxarsone during composting: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 37, no. 8, p. 1509-1514, https://doi.org/10.1021/es026219q.","startPage":"1509","endPage":"1514","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234965,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208888,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es026219q"}],"volume":"37","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-03-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a09c0e4b0c8380cd5204f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Garbarino, J.R.","contributorId":76326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garbarino","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bednar, A.J.","contributorId":67247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bednar","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rutherford, D.W.","contributorId":21244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rutherford","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Beyer, R.S.","contributorId":9828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beyer","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wershaw, R.L.","contributorId":62223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wershaw","given":"R.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70025690,"text":"70025690 - 2003 - Lead isotopes in North Pacific deep water - Implications for past changes in input sources and circulation patterns","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:31","indexId":"70025690","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lead isotopes in North Pacific deep water - Implications for past changes in input sources and circulation patterns","docAbstract":"The sources of non-anthropogenic Pb in seawater have been the subject of debate. Here we present Pb isotope time-series that indicate that the non-anthropogenic Pb budget of the northernmost Pacific Ocean has been governed by ocean circulation and riverine inputs, which in turn have ultimately been controlled by tectonic processes. Despite the fact that the investigated locations are situated within the Asian dust plume, and proximal to extensive arc volcanism, eolian contributions have had little impact. We have obtained the first high-resolution and high-precision Pb isotope time-series of North Pacific deep water from two ferromanganese crusts from the Gulf of Alaska in the NE Pacific Ocean, and from the Detroit Seamount in the NW Pacific Ocean. Both crusts were dated applying 10 Be/9Be ratios and yield continuous time-series for the past 13.5 and 9.6 Myr, respectively. Lead isotopes show a monotonic evolution in 206Pb/204Pb from low values in the Miocene (??? 18.57) to high values at present day (??? 18.84) in both crusts, even though they are separated by more than 3000 km along the Aleutian Arc. The variation exceeds the amplitude found in Equatorial Pacific deep water records by about three-fold. There also is a striking similarity in 207Pb/204Pb and 208Pb/ 204Pb ratios of the two crusts, indicating the existence of a local circulation cell in the sub-polar North Pacific, where efficient lateral mixing has taken place but only limited exchange (in terms of Pb) with deep water from the Equatorial Pacific has occurred. Both crusts display well-defined trends with age in Pb-Pb isotope mixing plots, which require the involvement of at least four distinct Pb sources for North Pacific deep water. The Pb isotope time-series reveal that eolian supplies (volcanic ash and continent-derived loess) have only been of minor importance for the dissolved Pb budget of marginal sites in the deep North Pacific over the past 6 Myr. The two predominant sources have been young volcanic arcs, one located in the northeastern part and one located in the northwestern part of the Pacific margin, from where material has been eroded and delivered to the ocean, most likely via riverine pathways. ?? 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0012-821X(03)00069-4","issn":"0012821X","usgsCitation":"van de Flierdt, T., Frank, M., Halliday, A.N., Hein, J., Hattendorf, B., Gunther, D., and Kubik, P., 2003, Lead isotopes in North Pacific deep water - Implications for past changes in input sources and circulation patterns: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 209, no. 1-2, p. 149-164, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(03)00069-4.","startPage":"149","endPage":"164","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208866,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(03)00069-4"},{"id":234932,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"209","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a45c4e4b0c8380cd674b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"van de Flierdt, T.","contributorId":55613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van de Flierdt","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Frank, M.","contributorId":103396,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frank","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Halliday, A. N.","contributorId":87663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halliday","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hein, J.R. 0000-0002-5321-899X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5321-899X","contributorId":61429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hein","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hattendorf, B.","contributorId":80052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hattendorf","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gunther, D.","contributorId":35491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gunther","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kubik, P.W.","contributorId":21691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kubik","given":"P.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70025438,"text":"70025438 - 2003 - Potential effects on grassland birds of converting marginal cropland to switchgrass biomass production","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:59","indexId":"70025438","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1035,"text":"Biomass and Bioenergy","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Potential effects on grassland birds of converting marginal cropland to switchgrass biomass production","docAbstract":"Habitat loss is a major reason for the decline of grassland birds in North America. Five habitats (pastures, hayfields, rowcrop fields, small-grain fields, Conservation Reserve Program fields) compose most of the habitat used by grassland birds in the Midwest United States. Growing and harvesting switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) as a biomass fuel would create another habitat for grassland birds. Bird abundance information from studies conducted in Iowa and adjacent states and land-use data for the Rathbun Lake Watershed in southern Iowa were used in a Geographic Information System to model the potential effects on bird abundances of converting rowcrop fields to biomass production. Abundances of bird species that are management priorities increased in both biomass scenarios. Common yellowthroat (Geothlypis trichas) abundance in the watershed also increased greatly in both scenarios. Other species (e.g., homed lark [Eremophila alpestris], killdeer [Charadrius vociferous]) were more abundant in the existing land use than in the biomass scenarios, and conversion of fields from rowcrop to biomass production could be detrimental to these species. In general, biomass fields will provide habitat for grassland birds that are management priorities, but future monitoring of birds in such fields is needed as conversion of rowcrop fields to biomass production continues. ?? 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biomass and Bioenergy","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0961-9534(02)00187-3","issn":"09619534","usgsCitation":"Murray, L., Best, L.B., Jacobsen, T., and Braster, M., 2003, Potential effects on grassland birds of converting marginal cropland to switchgrass biomass production: Biomass and Bioenergy, v. 25, no. 2, p. 167-175, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0961-9534(02)00187-3.","startPage":"167","endPage":"175","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209541,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0961-9534(02)00187-3"},{"id":236116,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7ef2e4b0c8380cd7a826","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Murray, L.D.","contributorId":70976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murray","given":"L.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Best, Louis B.","contributorId":52525,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Best","given":"Louis","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jacobsen, T.J.","contributorId":98519,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacobsen","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Braster, M.L.","contributorId":62390,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Braster","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70025689,"text":"70025689 - 2003 - Chemical analyses of pore water from boreholes USW SD-6 and USW WT-24, Yucca Mountain, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:31","indexId":"70025689","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2233,"text":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chemical analyses of pore water from boreholes USW SD-6 and USW WT-24, Yucca Mountain, Nevada","docAbstract":"Analyses of pore water extracted from cores of boreholes USW SD-6 in the central part and USW WT-24 in the northern part of Yucca Mountain, Nevada, show significant vertical and lateral variations in dissolved-ion concentrations. Analyses of samples of only a few milliliters of pore water extracted by uniaxial or triaxial compression and by ultracentrifugation methods from adjacent core samples are generally in agreement, within the analytical error of 10% to 15%. However, the values of silica for water obtained by ultracentrifugation are consistently lower than values for water obtained by compression. The larger concentrations probably are due to localized pressure solution of silicate minerals during compression. The shallower water from core in borehole USW SD-6 was extracted from nonwelded units collectively referred to as the Paintbrush Tuff nonwelded (PTn). The deeper water was from core in both boreholes USW SD-6 and USW WT-24 in the nonwelded units referred to as the Calico Hills nonwelded (CHn). Significant differences in mean dissolved-ion concentrations in pore water between the PTn and CHn are (1) decreases in Ca, Mg, SO4, and NO3 and (2) increases in HCO3 and (Na+K)/(Ca+Mg) ratios. The decrease in NO3 and the increase in HCO3 could be the result of denitrification through the oxidation of organic matter. The decrease in Ca and associated increase in (Na+K)/(Ca+Mg) is the result of ion exchange with zeolites in the CHn in borehole USW WT-24. This effect is not nearly as pronounced in borehole USW SD-6, probably reflecting a smaller amount of zeolitization of the CHn in USW SD-6. Geochemical calculations using the PHREEQC code indicate that the pore water from both boreholes USW SD-6 and USW WT-24 is uniformly undersaturated in anhydrite, gypsum, and amorphous silica, but supersaturated in quartz and chalcedony. The saturation of calcite, aragonite, sepiolite, and dolomite is more variable from sample to sample. ?? 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0169-7722(02)00160-2","issn":"01697722","usgsCitation":"Yang, I., Peterman, Z.E., and Scofield, K., 2003, Chemical analyses of pore water from boreholes USW SD-6 and USW WT-24, Yucca Mountain, Nevada: Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, v. 62-63, p. 361-380, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-7722(02)00160-2.","startPage":"361","endPage":"380","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208865,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0169-7722(02)00160-2"},{"id":234931,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"62-63","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f528e4b0c8380cd4c0d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yang, I.C.","contributorId":88777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yang","given":"I.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peterman, Z. E.","contributorId":63781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterman","given":"Z.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Scofield, K.M.","contributorId":51069,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scofield","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70025688,"text":"70025688 - 2003 - Nature, origin, and production characteristics of the Lower Silurian regional oil and gas accumulation, central Appalachian basin, United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-25T15:33:39.252423","indexId":"70025688","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":701,"text":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nature, origin, and production characteristics of the Lower Silurian regional oil and gas accumulation, central Appalachian basin, United States","docAbstract":"<p>Low-permeability sandstones of the Lower Silurian regional oil and gas accumulation cover about 45,000 mi2 (117,000 km<sup>2</sup>) of the Appalachian basin and may contain as much as 30 tcf of recoverable gas resources. Major reservoirs consist of the \"Clinton\" sandstone and Medina Group sandstones. The stratigraphically equivalent Tuscarora Sandstone increases the area of the Lower Silurian regional accumulation (LSRA) by another 30,000 mi2 (78,000 km<sup>2</sup>). Approximately 8.7 tcf of gas and 400 million bbl of oil have been produced from the Clinton/Medina reservoirs since 1880. The eastern predominantly gas-bearing part of the LSRA is a basin-center gas accumulation, whereas the western part is a conventional oil and gas accumulation with hybrid features of a basin-center accumulation. The basin-center accumulations have pervasive gas saturation, water near irreducible saturation, and generally low fluid pressures. In contrast, the hybrid-conventional accumulations have less-pervasive oil and gas saturation, higher mobile-water saturation, and both normal and abnormally low fluid pressures. High mobile-water saturation in the hybrid-conventional reservoirs form the updip trap for the basin-center gas creating a broad transition zone, tens of miles wide, that has characteristics of both end-member accumulation types. Although the Tuscarora Sandstone part of the basin-center gas accumulation is pervasively saturated with gas, most of its constituent sandstone beds have low porosity and permeability. Commercial gas fields in the Tuscarora Sandstone are trapped in naturally fractured, faulted anticlines. The origin of the LSRA includes (1) generation of oil and gas from Ordovician black shales, (2) vertical migration through an overlying 1000-ft (305-m)-thick Ordovician shale; (3) abnormally high fluid pressure created by oil-to-gas transformation; (4) updip displacement of mobile pore water by overpressured gas; (5) entrapment of pervasive gas in the basin center; (6) postorogenic uplift and erosion, causing gas leakage and a marked reduction in fluid pressure. Most future natural-gas production in the Clinton/Medina sandstones is anticipated to come from the basin-center accumulation. The Tuscarora Sandstone has additional gas resources but typically low reservoir porosity and permeability, and the likelihood of low-energy (in British thermal units) gas reduce the incentive to explore for it.</p>","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Ryder, R., and Zagorski, W.A., 2003, Nature, origin, and production characteristics of the Lower Silurian regional oil and gas accumulation, central Appalachian basin, United States: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 87, no. 5, p. 847-872.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"847","endPage":"872","numberOfPages":"26","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234897,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":412309,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/2003/05may/0847/0847.HTM","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Kentucky, Maryland, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Virginia, West Virginia","otherGeospatial":"central Appalachian basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -81.22087224995312,\n              37.14193039881482\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.42614268080973,\n              37.7197620463491\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.31817328983345,\n              38.947059857418964\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.06035685512109,\n              40.291781485417175\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.35887688757964,\n              40.53283472868665\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.11968409564065,\n              41.46194866307101\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.35255639040207,\n              42.445720601734195\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.37745041933016,\n              43.14701748304651\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.92670278656017,\n              43.043519715217656\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.78893709803081,\n              43.1347488994127\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.77801944253606,\n              42.587121744523984\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.50725354099583,\n              40.98023587484232\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.25982261636119,\n              39.162997016125445\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.20070809563255,\n              38.310807210443045\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.92309476615338,\n              37.33564764620448\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.22026900493198,\n              37.12180422706956\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.22005305158692,\n              37.10318072027786\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.22087224995312,\n              37.14193039881482\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"87","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a63a2e4b0c8380cd725ef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ryder, R.","contributorId":42765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryder","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zagorski, W. A.","contributorId":7476,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zagorski","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70025439,"text":"70025439 - 2003 - Mapping hydrothermally altered rocks at Cuprite, Nevada, using the advanced spaceborne thermal emission and reflection radiometer (Aster), a new satellite-imaging system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:59","indexId":"70025439","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mapping hydrothermally altered rocks at Cuprite, Nevada, using the advanced spaceborne thermal emission and reflection radiometer (Aster), a new satellite-imaging system","docAbstract":"The Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) is a 14-band multispectral instrument on board the Earth Observing System (EOS), TERRA. The three bands between 0.52 and 0.86 ??m and the six bands from 1.60 and 2.43 ??m, which have 15- and 30-m spatial resolution, respectively, were selected primarily for making remote mineralogical determinations. The Cuprite, Nevada, mining district comprises two hydrothermal alteration centers where Tertiary volcanic rocks have been hydrothermally altered mainly to bleached silicified rocks and opalized rocks, with a marginal zone of limonitic argilized rocks. Country rocks are mainly Cambrian phyllitic siltstone and limestone. Evaluation of an ASTER image of the Cuprite district shows that spectral reflectance differences in the nine bands in the 0.52 to 2.43 ??m region provide a basis for identifying and mapping mineralogical components which characterize the main hydrothermal alteration zones: opal is the spectrally dominant mineral in the silicified zone; whereas, alunite and kaolinite are dominant in the opalized zone. In addition, the distribution of unaltered country rocks was mapped because of the presence of spectrally dominant muscovite in the siltstone and calcite in limestone, and the tuffaceous rocks and playa deposits were distinguishable due to their relatively flat spectra and weak absorption features at 2.33 and 2.20 ??m, respectively. An Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) image of the study area was processed using a similar methodology used with the ASTER data. Comparison of the ASTER and AVIRIS results shows that the results are generally similar, but the higher spectral resolution of AVIRIS (224 bands) permits identification of more individual minerals, including certain polymorphs. However, ASTER has recorded images of more than 90 percent of the Earth's land surface with less than 20 percent cloud cover, and these data are available at nominal or no cost. Landsat TM images have a similar spatial resolution to ASTER images, but TM has fewer bands, which limits its usefulness for making mineral determinations.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Economic Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Rowan, L.C., Hook, S., Abrams, M.J., and Mars, J., 2003, Mapping hydrothermally altered rocks at Cuprite, Nevada, using the advanced spaceborne thermal emission and reflection radiometer (Aster), a new satellite-imaging system: Economic Geology, v. 98, no. 5, p. 1019-1027.","startPage":"1019","endPage":"1027","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236117,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"98","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5059e4b0c8380cd6b629","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rowan, L. C.","contributorId":40584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowan","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hook, S.J.","contributorId":21711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hook","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Abrams, M. J.","contributorId":29859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abrams","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mars, J.C.","contributorId":74833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mars","given":"J.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70025440,"text":"70025440 - 2003 - Gold deposits as sensitive indicators of tectonic environments and their preservation potential throughout geological history","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:59","indexId":"70025440","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3632,"text":"Transactions of the Institution of Mining and Metallurgy, Section B: Applied Earth Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Gold deposits as sensitive indicators of tectonic environments and their preservation potential throughout geological history","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the Institution of Mining and Metallurgy, Section B: Applied Earth Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"03717453","usgsCitation":"Groves, D., Goldfarb, R., and Vielreicher, R., 2003, Gold deposits as sensitive indicators of tectonic environments and their preservation potential throughout geological history: Transactions of the Institution of Mining and Metallurgy, Section B: Applied Earth Science, v. 112, no. 2 AUG.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236118,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"112","issue":"2 AUG","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2984e4b0c8380cd5a9f2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Groves, D.I.","contributorId":73616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Groves","given":"D.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goldfarb, R.J.","contributorId":38143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldfarb","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vielreicher, R.M.","contributorId":105100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vielreicher","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70025687,"text":"70025687 - 2003 - Coupled heat and fluid flow modeling of the Carboniferous Kuna Basin, Alaska: Implications for the genesis of the Red Dog Pb-Zn-Ag-Ba ore district","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-07T21:34:42","indexId":"70025687","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Coupled heat and fluid flow modeling of the Carboniferous Kuna Basin, Alaska: Implications for the genesis of the Red Dog Pb-Zn-Ag-Ba ore district","docAbstract":"The Red Dog deposit is a giant 175 Mton (16% Zn, 5% Pb), shale-hosted Pb-Zn-Ag-Ba ore district situated in the Carboniferous Kuna Basin, Western Brooks Range, Alaska. These SEDEX-type ores are thought to have formed in calcareous turbidites and black mudstone at elevated sub-seafloor temperatures (120-150??C) within a hydrogeologic framework of submarine convection that was structurally organized by large normal faults. The theory for modeling brine migration and heat transport in the Kuna Basin is discussed with application to evaluating flow patterns and heat transport in faulted rift basins and the effects of buoyancy-driven free convection on reactive flow and ore genesis. Finite element simulations show that hydrothermal fluid was discharged into the Red Dog subbasin during a period of basin-wide crustal heat flow of 150-160 mW/m2. Basinal brines circulated to depths as great as 1-3 km along multiple normal faults flowed laterally through thick clastic aquifers acquiring metals and heat, and then rapidly ascended a single discharge fault zone at rates ??? 5 m/year to mix with seafloor sulfur and precipitate massive sulfide ores. ?? 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geochemical Exploration","language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0375-6742(03)00109-2","issn":"03756742","usgsCitation":"Garven, G., Raffensperger, J.P., Dumoulin, J.A., Bradley, D., Young, L.E., Kelley, K., and Leach, D.L., 2003, Coupled heat and fluid flow modeling of the Carboniferous Kuna Basin, Alaska: Implications for the genesis of the Red Dog Pb-Zn-Ag-Ba ore district, <i>in</i> Journal of Geochemical Exploration, v. 78-79, p. 215-219, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0375-6742(03)00109-2.","startPage":"215","endPage":"219","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208847,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0375-6742(03)00109-2"},{"id":234896,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"78-79","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fc89e4b0c8380cd4e2d6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Garven, G.","contributorId":34632,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Garven","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Raffensperger, Jeff P. 0000-0001-9275-6646 jpraffen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9275-6646","contributorId":199119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raffensperger","given":"Jeff","email":"jpraffen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":406172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dumoulin, Julie A. 0000-0003-1754-1287 dumoulin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1754-1287","contributorId":203209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dumoulin","given":"Julie","email":"dumoulin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":406170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bradley, D.A.","contributorId":32340,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Young, L. E.","contributorId":105288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kelley, K.D. 0000-0002-3232-5809","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3232-5809","contributorId":75157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelley","given":"K.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Leach, D. L.","contributorId":18758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leach","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70025686,"text":"70025686 - 2003 - A vegetation history from the arid prepuna of northern Chile (22-23°S) over the last 13,500 years","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-08T12:48:40","indexId":"70025686","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2996,"text":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology","printIssn":"0031-0182","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A vegetation history from the arid prepuna of northern Chile (22-23°S) over the last 13,500 years","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Quaternary paleoclimate of the central Andes is poorly understood due to numerous discrepancies among the diverse proxy records that span this geographically and climatically complex region. The exact timing, duration and magnitude of wet and dry phases are seldom duplicated from one proxy type to another, and there have been few opportunities to compare climatic records from the same proxy along environmental gradients. Vegetation histories from fossil rodent middens provide one such opportunity on the Pacific slope of the Andes. We previously reported a vegetation history from the upper margin (2400&ndash;3000 m) of the absolute desert in the central Atacama Desert of northern Chile. That record identified a distinct wet phase that peaked between 11.8 and 10.5 ka, when steppe grasses and other upland elements expanded as much as 1000 m downslope, and a secondary wet period during the middle to late Holocene (7.1&ndash;3.5 ka). The latter wet phase remains controversial and is not as readily apparent in our low-elevation midden record. We thus sought to replicate both phases in a midden record from the mid-elevations (3100&ndash;3300 m) of the arid prepuna, where slight precipitation increases would be amplified. Midden records from these elevations identify conditions wetter than today at 13.5&ndash;9.6, 7.6&ndash;6.3, 4.4&ndash;3.2 and possibly 1.8&ndash;1.2 ka. Dry phases occurred at 9.4&ndash;8.4 ka and possibly at ca. 5.1 ka. Present floras and modern hyperarid conditions were established after 3.2 ka. The records from the two elevational bands generally match with some important differences. These differences could reflect both the discontinuous aspect of the midden record and the episodic nature of precipitation and plant establishment in this hyperarid desert.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0031-0182(03)00279-7","issn":"00310182","usgsCitation":"Latorre, C., Betancourt, J.L., Rylander, K., Quade, J., and Matthei, O., 2003, A vegetation history from the arid prepuna of northern Chile (22-23°S) over the last 13,500 years: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 194, no. 1-3, p. 223-246, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-0182(03)00279-7.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"223","endPage":"246","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487516,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://americanae.aecid.es/americanae/es/registros/registro.do?tipoRegistro=MTD&idBib=3267128","text":"External Repository"},{"id":234858,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208827,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0031-0182(03)00279-7"}],"volume":"194","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e610e4b0c8380cd47139","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Latorre, Claudio","contributorId":94019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Latorre","given":"Claudio","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Betancourt, Julio L. 0000-0002-7165-0743 jlbetanc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7165-0743","contributorId":3376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Betancourt","given":"Julio","email":"jlbetanc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":554,"text":"Science and Decisions Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":406165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rylander, Kate A.","contributorId":73324,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rylander","given":"Kate A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Quade, Jay","contributorId":22108,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Quade","given":"Jay","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":406162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Matthei, Oscar","contributorId":26866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matthei","given":"Oscar","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70025442,"text":"70025442 - 2003 - Lithology and shear-wave velocity in Memphis, Tennessee","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-26T14:24:01.362143","indexId":"70025442","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lithology and shear-wave velocity in Memphis, Tennessee","docAbstract":"<p><span>We have derived a new three-dimensional model of the lithologic structure beneath the city of&nbsp;</span>Memphis<span>,&nbsp;</span>Tennessee<span>, and examined its correlation with measured&nbsp;</span>shear<span>-</span>wave<span>&nbsp;</span>velocity<span>&nbsp;profiles. The correlation is sufficiently high that the better-constrained lithologic model may be used as a proxy for&nbsp;</span>shear<span>-</span>wave<span>&nbsp;velocities, which are required to calculate site-amplification for new seismic hazard maps for&nbsp;</span>Memphis<span>. The lithologic model and its uncertainties are derived from over 1200 newly compiled well and boring logs, some sampling to 500 m depth, and a moving-least-squares algorithm. Seventy-six new&nbsp;</span>shear<span>-</span>wave<span>&nbsp;</span>velocity<span>&nbsp;profiles have been measured and used for this study, most sampling to 30 m depth or less. All log and&nbsp;</span>velocity<span>&nbsp;observations are publicly available via new web sites.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120020164","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Gomberg, J., Waldron, B., Schweig, E., Hwang, H., Webbers, A., Van Arsdale, R., Tucker, K., Williams, R., Street, R., Mayne, P., Stephenson, W., Odum, J., Cramer, C., Updike, R., Hutson, S., and Bradley, M., 2003, Lithology and shear-wave velocity in Memphis, Tennessee: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 93, no. 3, p. 986-997, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120020164.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"986","endPage":"997","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":387419,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United  States","state":"Tennessee","city":"Memphis","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -90.1263427734375,\n              34.99625375979014\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.79400634765624,\n              34.99625375979014\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.79400634765624,\n              35.31736632923788\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.1263427734375,\n              35.31736632923788\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.1263427734375,\n              34.99625375979014\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"93","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4886e4b0c8380cd67f14","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gomberg, J.","contributorId":95994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gomberg","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Waldron, B.","contributorId":70169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waldron","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schweig, E.","contributorId":91203,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schweig","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hwang, H.","contributorId":55628,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hwang","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Webbers, A.","contributorId":103456,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webbers","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Van Arsdale, R.","contributorId":35093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Arsdale","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Tucker, K.","contributorId":18159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tucker","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Williams, R.","contributorId":7686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Street, R.","contributorId":35097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Street","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Mayne, P.","contributorId":100172,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mayne","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Stephenson, W.","contributorId":37910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephenson","given":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Odum, J.","contributorId":7849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Odum","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Cramer, C.","contributorId":102254,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cramer","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Updike, R.","contributorId":69763,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Updike","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Hutson, S.","contributorId":31963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hutson","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Bradley, M.","contributorId":68057,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16}]}}
,{"id":70025685,"text":"70025685 - 2003 - Using tree recruitment patterns and fire history to guide restoration of an unlogged ponderosa pine/Douglas‐fir landscape in the southern Rocky Mountains after a century of fire suppression","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-10T10:43:00","indexId":"70025685","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3886,"text":"Forestry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using tree recruitment patterns and fire history to guide restoration of an unlogged ponderosa pine/Douglas‐fir landscape in the southern Rocky Mountains after a century of fire suppression","docAbstract":"<p><span>Tree age and fire history were studied in an unlogged ponderosa pine/Douglas‐fir ( </span><i>Pinus ponderosa/Pseudotsuga menziesii</i><span> ) landscape in the Colorado Front Range mountains. These data were analysed to understand tree survival during fire and post‐fire recruitment patterns after fire, as a basis for understanding the characteristics of, and restoration needs for, an ecologically sustainable landscape. Comparisons of two independent tree age data sets indicated that sampling what subjectively appear to be the five oldest trees in a forest polygon could identify the oldest tree. Comparisons of the ages of the oldest trees in each data set with maps of fire history suggested that delays in establishment of trees, after stand‐replacing fire, ranged from a few years to more than a century. These data indicate that variable fire severity, including patches of stand replacement, and variable temporal patterns of tree recruitment into openings after fire were major causes of spatial heterogeneity of patch structure in the landscape. These effects suggest that restoring current dense and homogeneous ponderosa pine forests to an ecologically sustainable and dynamic condition should reflect the roles of fires and variable patterns of tree recruitment in regulating landscape structure.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/forestry/76.2.231","issn":"0015752X","usgsCitation":"Kaufmann, M., Huckaby, L.S., Fornwalt, P., Stoker, J.M., and Romme, W., 2003, Using tree recruitment patterns and fire history to guide restoration of an unlogged ponderosa pine/Douglas‐fir landscape in the southern Rocky Mountains after a century of fire suppression: Forestry, v. 76, no. 2, p. 231-241, https://doi.org/10.1093/forestry/76.2.231.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"231","endPage":"241","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478509,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/forestry/76.2.231","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":208826,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forestry/76.2.231"},{"id":234857,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"76","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc0bce4b08c986b32a2c1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kaufmann, M. R.","contributorId":77878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaufmann","given":"M. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Huckaby, L. S.","contributorId":92622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huckaby","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fornwalt, P.J.","contributorId":77486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fornwalt","given":"P.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stoker, J. M. 0000-0003-2455-0931","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2455-0931","contributorId":44873,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stoker","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Romme, W.H.","contributorId":89307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Romme","given":"W.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70025444,"text":"70025444 - 2003 - Global forest cover mapping for the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization forest resources assessment 2000 program","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-10T10:24:20","indexId":"70025444","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1688,"text":"Forest Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Global forest cover mapping for the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization forest resources assessment 2000 program","docAbstract":"Many countries periodically produce national reports on the status and changes of forest resources, using statistical surveys and spatial mapping of remotely sensed data. At the global level, the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations has conducted a Forest Resources Assessment (FRA) program every 10 yr since 1980, producing statistics and analysis that give a global synopsis of forest resources in the world. For the year 2000 of the FRA program (FRA2000), a global forest cover map was produced to provide spatial context to the extensive survey. The forest cover map, produced at the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) EROS Data Center (EDC), has five classes: closed forest, open or fragmented forest, other wooded land, other land cover, and water. The first two forested classes at the global scale were delineated using combinations of temporal compositing, modified mixture analysis, geographic stratification, and other classification techniques. The remaining three FAO classes were derived primarily from the USGS global land cover characteristics database (Loveland et al. 1999). Validated on the basis of existing reference data sets, the map is estimated to be 77% accurate for the first four classes (no reference data were available for water), and 86% accurate for the forest and nonforest classification. The final map will be published as an insert to the FAO FRA2000 report.","language":"English","issn":"0015749X","usgsCitation":"Zhu, Z., and Waller, E., 2003, Global forest cover mapping for the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization forest resources assessment 2000 program: Forest Science, v. 49, no. 3, p. 369-380.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"369","endPage":"380","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236194,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"49","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2946e4b0c8380cd5a800","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zhu, Z.","contributorId":10898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhu","given":"Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Waller, E.","contributorId":54389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waller","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70025518,"text":"70025518 - 2003 - Elevation effects in volcano applications of the COSPEC","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:59","indexId":"70025518","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1785,"text":"Geological Society Special Publication","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Elevation effects in volcano applications of the COSPEC","docAbstract":"Volcano applications commonly involve sizeable departures from the reference pressure and temperature of COSPEC calibration cells. Analysis shows that COSPEC SO2 column abundances and derived mass emission rates are independent of pressure and temperature, and thus unaffected by elevation effects related to deviations from calibration cell reference state. However, path-length concentrations are pressure and temperature dependent. Since COSPEC path-length concentration data assume the reference pressure and temperature of calibration cells, they can lead to large errors when used to calculate SO2 mixing ratios of volcanic plumes. Correction factors for COSPEC path-length concentrations become significant (c.10%) at elevations of about 1 km (e.g. Kilauea volcano) and rise rapidly to c.80% at 6 km (e.g. Cotopaxi volcano). Calculating SO2 mixing ratios for volcanic plumes directly from COSPEC path-length concentrations always gives low results. Corrections can substantially increase mixing ratios; for example, corrections increase SO2 ppm concentrations reported for the Mount St Helens, Colima, and Erebus plumes by 25-50%. Several arguments suggest it would be advantageous to calibrate COSPEC measurements in column abundance units rather than path-length concentration units.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geological Society Special Publication","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"03058719","usgsCitation":"Gerlach, T., 2003, Elevation effects in volcano applications of the COSPEC: Geological Society Special Publication, no. 213, p. 169-175.","startPage":"169","endPage":"175","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236234,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"213","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a08cce4b0c8380cd51c9a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gerlach, T.M.","contributorId":38713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gerlach","given":"T.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
]}