In 1996, at the request of the Government of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania, a team of U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) scientists produced a strategic plan for the acquisition, improvement and modernization of multidisciplinary sets of data to support the growth of the Mauritanian minerals sector and to highlight the geological and mineral exploration potential of the country. In 1999, the Ministry of Petroleum, Energy, and Mines of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania implemented a program for the acquisition of the recommended basic geoscientific information, termed the first Projet de Renforcement Institutionnel du Secteur Minier (Project for Institutional Capacity Building in the Mining Sector, PRISM-I). As a result of the PRISM-I efforts, a great deal of new geological, geophysical, geochemical, remote sensing, and hydrological data became available for evaluation and synthesis. However, the Ministry of Petroleum, Energy, and Mines recognized that additional work was required to extract the full benefit of the data before it could be of greatest use to the international community and of benefit to the Mauritanian minerals and development sector.
\nTo achieve this benefit, the Ministry of Petroleum, Energy, and Mines implemented a second Projet de Renforcement Institutionnel du Secteur Minier (PRISM-II) in 2006 to consolidate, synthesize, and interpret all of the existing data, create a new 1:1,000,000 scale geologic map, and define the mineral resource potential of the country. A consortium in which the USGS was the lead scientific agency carried out the majority of the PRISM-II work. In 2008, the USGS Mauritania Minerals Project was interrupted due to political changes in Mauritania. PRISM-II work resumed in 2011, and was completed in 2013 with the delivery of over 40 separate written reports and plates, an access file containing the Mauritanian National Mineral Deposits Database, and an interactive GIS containing all of the multi-disciplinary data and interpretive areas of mineral resource potential in Mauritania.
\nThis report contains the USGS results of the PRISM-II Mauritania Minerals Project and is presented in cooperation with the Ministry of Petroleum, Energy, and Mines of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania. The Report is composed of separate chapters consisting of multidisciplinary interpretive reports with accompanying plates on the geology, structure, geochronology, geophysics, hydrogeology, geochemistry, remote sensing (Landsat TM and ASTER), and SRTM and ASTER digital elevation models of Mauritania. The syntheses of these multidisciplinary data formed the basis for additional chapters containing interpretive reports on 12 different commodities and deposit types known to occur in Mauritania, accompanied by countrywide mineral resource potential maps of each commodity/deposit type. The commodities and deposit types represented include: (1) Ni, Cu, PGE, and Cr deposits hosted in ultramafic rocks; (2) orogenic, Carlin-like, and epithermal gold deposits; (3) polymetallic Pb-Zn-Cu vein deposits; (4) sediment-hosted Pb-Zn-Ag deposits of the SEDEX and Mississippi Valley-type; (5) sediment-hosted copper deposits; ( 6) volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits; (7) iron oxide copper-gold deposits; (8) uranium deposits; (9) Algoma-, Superior-, and oolitic-type iron deposits; (10) shoreline Ti-Zr placer deposits; (11) incompatible element deposits hosted in pegmatites, alkaline rocks, and carbonatites, and; (12) industrial mineral deposits. Additional chapters include the Mauritanian National Mineral Deposits Database are accompanied by an explanatory text and the Mauritania Minerals Project GIS that contains all of the interpretive layers created by USGS scientists. Raw data not in the public domain may be obtained from the Ministry of Petroleum, Energy, and Mines in Nouakchott, Mauritania.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Second projet de renforcement institutionnel du secteur minier de la République Islamique de Mauritanie (PRISM-II) (Open File Report 2013-1280)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131280N1","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Ministry of Petroleum, Energy, and Mines of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania","usgsCitation":"Fernette, G., and Horton, J.D., 2012, Permissive tracts for uranium deposits in Mauritania (phase V, deliverable 80): Chapter N1 in Second projet de renforcement institutionnel du secteur minier de la République Islamique de Mauritanie (PRISM-II): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1280, Plate: 54.0 x 60.0 inches; Data; Metadata, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131280N1.","productDescription":"Plate: 54.0 x 60.0 inches; Data; Metadata","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056908","costCenters":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":319068,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131280N1.PNG"},{"id":318742,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20131280"},{"id":319067,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1280/GIS_and_Maps/Chapter_N1_deliverable_80-Uranium_deposits/","text":"Map, Data, and Metadata"}],"country":"Mauritania","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-12.17075,14.61683],[-12.83066,15.30369],[-13.43574,16.03938],[-14.09952,16.3043],[-14.57735,16.59826],[-15.13574,16.58728],[-15.62367,16.36934],[-16.12069,16.45566],[-16.4631,16.13504],[-16.54971,16.67389],[-16.27055,17.16696],[-16.14635,18.10848],[-16.25688,19.09672],[-16.37765,19.59382],[-16.27784,20.09252],[-16.53632,20.56787],[-17.06342,20.99975],[-16.84519,21.33332],[-12.9291,21.32707],[-13.11875,22.77122],[-12.87422,23.28483],[-11.93722,23.37459],[-11.96942,25.93335],[-8.68729,25.88106],[-8.6844,27.39574],[-4.92334,24.97457],[-6.45379,24.95659],[-5.97113,20.64083],[-5.48852,16.3251],[-5.31528,16.20185],[-5.53774,15.50169],[-9.55024,15.4865],[-9.70026,15.26411],[-10.08685,15.33049],[-10.65079,15.13275],[-11.3491,15.41126],[-11.66608,15.38821],[-11.83421,14.7991],[-12.17075,14.61683]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Mauritania\"}}]}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56f11b66e4b0f59b85ddc4c4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fernette, Gregory gfernette@usgs.gov","contributorId":149751,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fernette","given":"Gregory","email":"gfernette@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":622277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Horton, John D. 0000-0003-2969-9073 jhorton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2969-9073","contributorId":1227,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horton","given":"John","email":"jhorton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":622278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70159530,"text":"ofr20131280P1 - 2012 - Permissive tracts for shoreline placer titanium deposits in Mauritania (phase V, deliverable 84): Chapter P1 in Second projet de renforcement institutionnel du secteur minier de la République Islamique de Mauritanie (PRISM-II)","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70159530,"text":"ofr20131280P1 - 2012 - Permissive tracts for shoreline placer titanium deposits in Mauritania (phase V, deliverable 84): Chapter P1 in Second projet de renforcement institutionnel du secteur minier de la République Islamique de Mauritanie (PRISM-II)","indexId":"ofr20131280P1","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"chapter":"P1","title":"Permissive tracts for shoreline placer titanium deposits in Mauritania (phase V, deliverable 84): Chapter P1 in Second projet de renforcement institutionnel du secteur minier de la République Islamique de Mauritanie (PRISM-II)"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70160523,"text":"ofr20131280 - 2015 - Second Projet de Renforcement Institutionnel du Secteur Minier de la République Islamique de Mauritanie (PRISM-II) Phase V","indexId":"ofr20131280","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"title":"Second Projet de Renforcement Institutionnel du Secteur Minier de la République Islamique de Mauritanie (PRISM-II) Phase V"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70160523,"text":"ofr20131280 - 2015 - Second Projet de Renforcement Institutionnel du Secteur Minier de la République Islamique de Mauritanie (PRISM-II) Phase V","indexId":"ofr20131280","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"title":"Second Projet de Renforcement Institutionnel du Secteur Minier de la République Islamique de Mauritanie (PRISM-II) Phase V"},"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-22T08:57:06","indexId":"ofr20131280P1","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1280","chapter":"P1","title":"Permissive tracts for shoreline placer titanium deposits in Mauritania (phase V, deliverable 84): Chapter P1 in Second projet de renforcement institutionnel du secteur minier de la République Islamique de Mauritanie (PRISM-II)","docAbstract":"In 1996, at the request of the Government of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania, a team of U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) scientists produced a strategic plan for the acquisition, improvement and modernization of multidisciplinary sets of data to support the growth of the Mauritanian minerals sector and to highlight the geological and mineral exploration potential of the country. In 1999, the Ministry of Petroleum, Energy, and Mines of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania implemented a program for the acquisition of the recommended basic geoscientific information, termed the first Projet de Renforcement Institutionnel du Secteur Minier (Project for Institutional Capacity Building in the Mining Sector, PRISM-I). As a result of the PRISM-I efforts, a great deal of new geological, geophysical, geochemical, remote sensing, and hydrological data became available for evaluation and synthesis. However, the Ministry of Petroleum, Energy, and Mines recognized that additional work was required to extract the full benefit of the data before it could be of greatest use to the international community and of benefit to the Mauritanian minerals and development sector.
\nTo achieve this benefit, the Ministry of Petroleum, Energy, and Mines implemented a second Projet de Renforcement Institutionnel du Secteur Minier (PRISM-II) in 2006 to consolidate, synthesize, and interpret all of the existing data, create a new 1:1,000,000 scale geologic map, and define the mineral resource potential of the country. A consortium in which the USGS was the lead scientific agency carried out the majority of the PRISM-II work. In 2008, the USGS Mauritania Minerals Project was interrupted due to political changes in Mauritania. PRISM-II work resumed in 2011, and was completed in 2013 with the delivery of over 40 separate written reports and plates, an access file containing the Mauritanian National Mineral Deposits Database, and an interactive GIS containing all of the multi-disciplinary data and interpretive areas of mineral resource potential in Mauritania.
\nThis report contains the USGS results of the PRISM-II Mauritania Minerals Project and is presented in cooperation with the Ministry of Petroleum, Energy, and Mines of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania. The Report is composed of separate chapters consisting of multidisciplinary interpretive reports with accompanying plates on the geology, structure, geochronology, geophysics, hydrogeology, geochemistry, remote sensing (Landsat TM and ASTER), and SRTM and ASTER digital elevation models of Mauritania. The syntheses of these multidisciplinary data formed the basis for additional chapters containing interpretive reports on 12 different commodities and deposit types known to occur in Mauritania, accompanied by countrywide mineral resource potential maps of each commodity/deposit type. The commodities and deposit types represented include: (1) Ni, Cu, PGE, and Cr deposits hosted in ultramafic rocks; (2) orogenic, Carlin-like, and epithermal gold deposits; (3) polymetallic Pb-Zn-Cu vein deposits; (4) sediment-hosted Pb-Zn-Ag deposits of the SEDEX and Mississippi Valley-type; (5) sediment-hosted copper deposits; ( 6) volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits; (7) iron oxide copper-gold deposits; (8) uranium deposits; (9) Algoma-, Superior-, and oolitic-type iron deposits; (10) shoreline Ti-Zr placer deposits; (11) incompatible element deposits hosted in pegmatites, alkaline rocks, and carbonatites, and; (12) industrial mineral deposits. Additional chapters include the Mauritanian National Mineral Deposits Database are accompanied by an explanatory text and the Mauritania Minerals Project GIS that contains all of the interpretive layers created by USGS scientists. Raw data not in the public domain may be obtained from the Ministry of Petroleum, Energy, and Mines in Nouakchott, Mauritania.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Second projet de renforcement institutionnel du secteur minier de la République Islamique de Mauritanie (PRISM-II) (Open File Report 2013-1280)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131280P1","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Ministry of Petroleum, Energy, and Mines of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania","usgsCitation":"Beaudoin, G., and Horton, J.D., 2012, Permissive tracts for shoreline placer titanium deposits in Mauritania (phase V, deliverable 84): Chapter P1 in Second projet de renforcement institutionnel du secteur minier de la République Islamique de Mauritanie (PRISM-II): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1280, Plate: 54.00 x 60.00 inches; Data; Metadata, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131280P1.","productDescription":"Plate: 54.00 x 60.00 inches; Data; Metadata","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056915","costCenters":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":319006,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131280P1.PNG"},{"id":318736,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20131280"},{"id":319005,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1280/GIS_and_Maps/Chapter_P1_deliverable_84-Shoreline_placer_titanium_deposits/","text":"Map, Data, and Metadata"}],"country":"Mauritania","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-12.17075,14.61683],[-12.83066,15.30369],[-13.43574,16.03938],[-14.09952,16.3043],[-14.57735,16.59826],[-15.13574,16.58728],[-15.62367,16.36934],[-16.12069,16.45566],[-16.4631,16.13504],[-16.54971,16.67389],[-16.27055,17.16696],[-16.14635,18.10848],[-16.25688,19.09672],[-16.37765,19.59382],[-16.27784,20.09252],[-16.53632,20.56787],[-17.06342,20.99975],[-16.84519,21.33332],[-12.9291,21.32707],[-13.11875,22.77122],[-12.87422,23.28483],[-11.93722,23.37459],[-11.96942,25.93335],[-8.68729,25.88106],[-8.6844,27.39574],[-4.92334,24.97457],[-6.45379,24.95659],[-5.97113,20.64083],[-5.48852,16.3251],[-5.31528,16.20185],[-5.53774,15.50169],[-9.55024,15.4865],[-9.70026,15.26411],[-10.08685,15.33049],[-10.65079,15.13275],[-11.3491,15.41126],[-11.66608,15.38821],[-11.83421,14.7991],[-12.17075,14.61683]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Mauritania\"}}]}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56ed26b6e4b0f59b85db0a29","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beaudoin, Georges","contributorId":149747,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Beaudoin","given":"Georges","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17811,"text":"Département de Géologie et de Génie Géologique, 1065 avenue de la Médecine, Québec Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":622257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Horton, John D. 0000-0003-2969-9073 jhorton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2969-9073","contributorId":1227,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horton","given":"John","email":"jhorton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":622258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70156596,"text":"ofr20131280K1 - 2012 - Permissive tracts for sediment-hosted copper deposits in Mauritania (phase V, deliverable 74): Chapter K1 in Second projet de renforcement institutionnel du secteur minier de la République Islamique de Mauritanie (PRISM-II)","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70156596,"text":"ofr20131280K1 - 2012 - Permissive tracts for sediment-hosted copper deposits in Mauritania (phase V, deliverable 74): Chapter K1 in Second projet de renforcement institutionnel du secteur minier de la République Islamique de Mauritanie (PRISM-II)","indexId":"ofr20131280K1","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"chapter":"K1","title":"Permissive tracts for sediment-hosted copper deposits in Mauritania (phase V, deliverable 74): Chapter K1 in Second projet de renforcement institutionnel du secteur minier de la République Islamique de Mauritanie (PRISM-II)"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70160523,"text":"ofr20131280 - 2015 - Second Projet de Renforcement Institutionnel du Secteur Minier de la République Islamique de Mauritanie (PRISM-II) Phase V","indexId":"ofr20131280","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"title":"Second Projet de Renforcement Institutionnel du Secteur Minier de la République Islamique de Mauritanie (PRISM-II) Phase V"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70160523,"text":"ofr20131280 - 2015 - Second Projet de Renforcement Institutionnel du Secteur Minier de la République Islamique de Mauritanie (PRISM-II) Phase V","indexId":"ofr20131280","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"title":"Second Projet de Renforcement Institutionnel du Secteur Minier de la République Islamique de Mauritanie (PRISM-II) Phase V"},"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-22T08:53:23","indexId":"ofr20131280K1","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1280","chapter":"K1","title":"Permissive tracts for sediment-hosted copper deposits in Mauritania (phase V, deliverable 74): Chapter K1 in Second projet de renforcement institutionnel du secteur minier de la République Islamique de Mauritanie (PRISM-II)","docAbstract":"In 1996, at the request of the Government of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania, a team of U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) scientists produced a strategic plan for the acquisition, improvement and modernization of multidisciplinary sets of data to support the growth of the Mauritanian minerals sector and to highlight the geological and mineral exploration potential of the country. In 1999, the Ministry of Petroleum, Energy, and Mines of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania implemented a program for the acquisition of the recommended basic geoscientific information, termed the first Projet de Renforcement Institutionnel du Secteur Minier (Project for Institutional Capacity Building in the Mining Sector, PRISM-I). As a result of the PRISM-I efforts, a great deal of new geological, geophysical, geochemical, remote sensing, and hydrological data became available for evaluation and synthesis. However, the Ministry of Petroleum, Energy, and Mines recognized that additional work was required to extract the full benefit of the data before it could be of greatest use to the international community and of benefit to the Mauritanian minerals and development sector.
\nTo achieve this benefit, the Ministry of Petroleum, Energy, and Mines implemented a second Projet de Renforcement Institutionnel du Secteur Minier (PRISM-II) in 2006 to consolidate, synthesize, and interpret all of the existing data, create a new 1:1,000,000 scale geologic map, and define the mineral resource potential of the country. A consortium in which the USGS was the lead scientific agency carried out the majority of the PRISM-II work. In 2008, the USGS Mauritania Minerals Project was interrupted due to political changes in Mauritania. PRISM-II work resumed in 2011, and was completed in 2013 with the delivery of over 40 separate written reports and plates, an access file containing the Mauritanian National Mineral Deposits Database, and an interactive GIS containing all of the multi-disciplinary data and interpretive areas of mineral resource potential in Mauritania.
\nThis report contains the USGS results of the PRISM-II Mauritania Minerals Project and is presented in cooperation with the Ministry of Petroleum, Energy, and Mines of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania. The Report is composed of separate chapters consisting of multidisciplinary interpretive reports with accompanying plates on the geology, structure, geochronology, geophysics, hydrogeology, geochemistry, remote sensing (Landsat TM and ASTER), and SRTM and ASTER digital elevation models of Mauritania. The syntheses of these multidisciplinary data formed the basis for additional chapters containing interpretive reports on 12 different commodities and deposit types known to occur in Mauritania, accompanied by countrywide mineral resource potential maps of each commodity/deposit type. The commodities and deposit types represented include: (1) Ni, Cu, PGE, and Cr deposits hosted in ultramafic rocks; (2) orogenic, Carlin-like, and epithermal gold deposits; (3) polymetallic Pb-Zn-Cu vein deposits; (4) sediment-hosted Pb-Zn-Ag deposits of the SEDEX and Mississippi Valley-type; (5) sediment-hosted copper deposits; ( 6) volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits; (7) iron oxide copper-gold deposits; (8) uranium deposits; (9) Algoma-, Superior-, and oolitic-type iron deposits; (10) shoreline Ti-Zr placer deposits; (11) incompatible element deposits hosted in pegmatites, alkaline rocks, and carbonatites, and; (12) industrial mineral deposits. Additional chapters include the Mauritanian National Mineral Deposits Database are accompanied by an explanatory text and the Mauritania Minerals Project GIS that contains all of the interpretive layers created by USGS scientists. Raw data not in the public domain may be obtained from the Ministry of Petroleum, Energy, and Mines in Nouakchott, Mauritania.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Second projet de renforcement institutionnel du secteur minier de la République Islamique de Mauritanie (PRISM-II) (Open File Report 2013-1280)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131280K1","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Ministry of Petroleum, Energy, and Mines of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania","usgsCitation":"Taylor, C.D., and Horton, J.D., 2012, Permissive tracts for sediment-hosted copper deposits in Mauritania (phase V, deliverable 74): Chapter K1 in Second projet de renforcement institutionnel du secteur minier de la République Islamique de Mauritanie (PRISM-II): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1280, Plate: 54.0 x 60.0 inches; Data; Metadata, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131280K1.","productDescription":"Plate: 54.0 x 60.0 inches; Data; Metadata","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056905","costCenters":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":319137,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131280K1.PNG"},{"id":319136,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1280/GIS_and_Maps/Chapter_K1_deliverable_74-Sediment-hosted_copper_deposits/","text":"Map, Data, and Metadata"},{"id":318741,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20131280"}],"country":"Mauritania","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-12.17075,14.61683],[-12.83066,15.30369],[-13.43574,16.03938],[-14.09952,16.3043],[-14.57735,16.59826],[-15.13574,16.58728],[-15.62367,16.36934],[-16.12069,16.45566],[-16.4631,16.13504],[-16.54971,16.67389],[-16.27055,17.16696],[-16.14635,18.10848],[-16.25688,19.09672],[-16.37765,19.59382],[-16.27784,20.09252],[-16.53632,20.56787],[-17.06342,20.99975],[-16.84519,21.33332],[-12.9291,21.32707],[-13.11875,22.77122],[-12.87422,23.28483],[-11.93722,23.37459],[-11.96942,25.93335],[-8.68729,25.88106],[-8.6844,27.39574],[-4.92334,24.97457],[-6.45379,24.95659],[-5.97113,20.64083],[-5.48852,16.3251],[-5.31528,16.20185],[-5.53774,15.50169],[-9.55024,15.4865],[-9.70026,15.26411],[-10.08685,15.33049],[-10.65079,15.13275],[-11.3491,15.41126],[-11.66608,15.38821],[-11.83421,14.7991],[-12.17075,14.61683]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Mauritania\"}}]}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56f11b66e4b0f59b85ddc4b5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Taylor, Cliff D. 0000-0001-6376-6298 ctaylor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6376-6298","contributorId":1283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Cliff","email":"ctaylor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":622274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Horton, John D. 0000-0003-2969-9073 jhorton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2969-9073","contributorId":1227,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horton","given":"John","email":"jhorton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":622275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70159523,"text":"ofr20131280Q1 - 2012 - Permissive tracts for incompatible element deposits hosted in pegmatities, alkaline rocks, and carbonatities in Mauritania (phase V, deliverable 86), Chapter Q1 in Second projet de renforcement institutionnel du secteur minier de la République Islamique de Mauritanie (PRISM-II)","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70159523,"text":"ofr20131280Q1 - 2012 - Permissive tracts for incompatible element deposits hosted in pegmatities, alkaline rocks, and carbonatities in Mauritania (phase V, deliverable 86), Chapter Q1 in Second projet de renforcement institutionnel du secteur minier de la République Islamique de Mauritanie (PRISM-II)","indexId":"ofr20131280Q1","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"chapter":"Q1","title":"Permissive tracts for incompatible element deposits hosted in pegmatities, alkaline rocks, and carbonatities in Mauritania (phase V, deliverable 86), Chapter Q1 in Second projet de renforcement institutionnel du secteur minier de la République Islamique de Mauritanie (PRISM-II)"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70160523,"text":"ofr20131280 - 2015 - Second Projet de Renforcement Institutionnel du Secteur Minier de la République Islamique de Mauritanie (PRISM-II) Phase V","indexId":"ofr20131280","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"title":"Second Projet de Renforcement Institutionnel du Secteur Minier de la République Islamique de Mauritanie (PRISM-II) Phase V"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70160523,"text":"ofr20131280 - 2015 - Second Projet de Renforcement Institutionnel du Secteur Minier de la République Islamique de Mauritanie (PRISM-II) Phase V","indexId":"ofr20131280","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"title":"Second Projet de Renforcement Institutionnel du Secteur Minier de la République Islamique de Mauritanie (PRISM-II) Phase V"},"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-21T15:52:36","indexId":"ofr20131280Q1","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1280","chapter":"Q1","title":"Permissive tracts for incompatible element deposits hosted in pegmatities, alkaline rocks, and carbonatities in Mauritania (phase V, deliverable 86), Chapter Q1 in Second projet de renforcement institutionnel du secteur minier de la République Islamique de Mauritanie (PRISM-II)","docAbstract":"In 1996, at the request of the Government of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania, a team of U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) scientists produced a strategic plan for the acquisition, improvement and modernization of multidisciplinary sets of data to support the growth of the Mauritanian minerals sector and to highlight the geological and mineral exploration potential of the country. In 1999, the Ministry of Petroleum, Energy, and Mines of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania implemented a program for the acquisition of the recommended basic geoscientific information, termed the first Projet de Renforcement Institutionnel du Secteur Minier (Project for Institutional Capacity Building in the Mining Sector, PRISM-I). As a result of the PRISM-I efforts, a great deal of new geological, geophysical, geochemical, remote sensing, and hydrological data became available for evaluation and synthesis. However, the Ministry of Petroleum, Energy, and Mines recognized that additional work was required to extract the full benefit of the data before it could be of greatest use to the international community and of benefit to the Mauritanian minerals and development sector.
\nTo achieve this benefit, the Ministry of Petroleum, Energy, and Mines implemented a second Projet de Renforcement Institutionnel du Secteur Minier (PRISM-II) in 2006 to consolidate, synthesize, and interpret all of the existing data, create a new 1:1,000,000 scale geologic map, and define the mineral resource potential of the country. A consortium in which the USGS was the lead scientific agency carried out the majority of the PRISM-II work. In 2008, the USGS Mauritania Minerals Project was interrupted due to political changes in Mauritania. PRISM-II work resumed in 2011, and was completed in 2013 with the delivery of over 40 separate written reports and plates, an access file containing the Mauritanian National Mineral Deposits Database, and an interactive GIS containing all of the multi-disciplinary data and interpretive areas of mineral resource potential in Mauritania.
\nThis report contains the USGS results of the PRISM-II Mauritania Minerals Project and is presented in cooperation with the Ministry of Petroleum, Energy, and Mines of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania. The Report is composed of separate chapters consisting of multidisciplinary interpretive reports with accompanying plates on the geology, structure, geochronology, geophysics, hydrogeology, geochemistry, remote sensing (Landsat TM and ASTER), and SRTM and ASTER digital elevation models of Mauritania. The syntheses of these multidisciplinary data formed the basis for additional chapters containing interpretive reports on 12 different commodities and deposit types known to occur in Mauritania, accompanied by countrywide mineral resource potential maps of each commodity/deposit type. The commodities and deposit types represented include: (1) Ni, Cu, PGE, and Cr deposits hosted in ultramafic rocks; (2) orogenic, Carlin-like, and epithermal gold deposits; (3) polymetallic Pb-Zn-Cu vein deposits; (4) sediment-hosted Pb-Zn-Ag deposits of the SEDEX and Mississippi Valley-type; (5) sediment-hosted copper deposits; ( 6) volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits; (7) iron oxide copper-gold deposits; (8) uranium deposits; (9) Algoma-, Superior-, and oolitic-type iron deposits; (10) shoreline Ti-Zr placer deposits; (11) incompatible element deposits hosted in pegmatites, alkaline rocks, and carbonatites, and; (12) industrial mineral deposits. Additional chapters include the Mauritanian National Mineral Deposits Database are accompanied by an explanatory text and the Mauritania Minerals Project GIS that contains all of the interpretive layers created by USGS scientists. Raw data not in the public domain may be obtained from the Ministry of Petroleum, Energy, and Mines in Nouakchott, Mauritania.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Second projet de renforcement institutionnel du secteur minier de la République Islamique de Mauritanie (PRISM-II) (Open File Report 2013-1280)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131280Q1","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Ministry of Petroleum, Energy, and Mines of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania","usgsCitation":"Taylor, C.D., and Horton, J.D., 2012, Permissive tracts for incompatible element deposits hosted in pegmatities, alkaline rocks, and carbonatities in Mauritania (phase V, deliverable 86), Chapter Q1 in Second projet de renforcement institutionnel du secteur minier de la République Islamique de Mauritanie (PRISM-II): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1280, Plate: 54.0 x 60.0 inches; Data; Metadata, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131280Q1.","productDescription":"Plate: 54.0 x 60.0 inches; Data; Metadata","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056916","costCenters":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":319135,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131280Q1.PNG"},{"id":319134,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1280/GIS_and_Maps/Chapter_Q1_deliverable_86-Incompatible_element_deposits_hosted_in_pegmatities_alkaline%20rocks_and_carbonatities/","text":"Map, Data, and Metadata"},{"id":318737,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20131280"}],"country":"Mauritania","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-12.17075,14.61683],[-12.83066,15.30369],[-13.43574,16.03938],[-14.09952,16.3043],[-14.57735,16.59826],[-15.13574,16.58728],[-15.62367,16.36934],[-16.12069,16.45566],[-16.4631,16.13504],[-16.54971,16.67389],[-16.27055,17.16696],[-16.14635,18.10848],[-16.25688,19.09672],[-16.37765,19.59382],[-16.27784,20.09252],[-16.53632,20.56787],[-17.06342,20.99975],[-16.84519,21.33332],[-12.9291,21.32707],[-13.11875,22.77122],[-12.87422,23.28483],[-11.93722,23.37459],[-11.96942,25.93335],[-8.68729,25.88106],[-8.6844,27.39574],[-4.92334,24.97457],[-6.45379,24.95659],[-5.97113,20.64083],[-5.48852,16.3251],[-5.31528,16.20185],[-5.53774,15.50169],[-9.55024,15.4865],[-9.70026,15.26411],[-10.08685,15.33049],[-10.65079,15.13275],[-11.3491,15.41126],[-11.66608,15.38821],[-11.83421,14.7991],[-12.17075,14.61683]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Mauritania\"}}]}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56f11b65e4b0f59b85ddc4a0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Taylor, Cliff D. 0000-0001-6376-6298 ctaylor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6376-6298","contributorId":1283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Cliff","email":"ctaylor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":622260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Horton, John D. 0000-0003-2969-9073 jhorton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2969-9073","contributorId":1227,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horton","given":"John","email":"jhorton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":622261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70156601,"text":"ofr20131280L1 - 2012 - Permissive tracts for volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits in Mauritania (phase V, deliverable 76): Chapter L1 in Second projet de renforcement institutionnel du secteur minier de la République Islamique de Mauritanie (PRISM-II)","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70156601,"text":"ofr20131280L1 - 2012 - Permissive tracts for volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits in Mauritania (phase V, deliverable 76): Chapter L1 in Second projet de renforcement institutionnel du secteur minier de la République Islamique de Mauritanie (PRISM-II)","indexId":"ofr20131280L1","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"chapter":"L1","title":"Permissive tracts for volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits in Mauritania (phase V, deliverable 76): Chapter L1 in Second projet de renforcement institutionnel du secteur minier de la République Islamique de Mauritanie (PRISM-II)"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70160523,"text":"ofr20131280 - 2015 - Second Projet de Renforcement Institutionnel du Secteur Minier de la République Islamique de Mauritanie (PRISM-II) Phase V","indexId":"ofr20131280","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"title":"Second Projet de Renforcement Institutionnel du Secteur Minier de la République Islamique de Mauritanie (PRISM-II) Phase V"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70160523,"text":"ofr20131280 - 2015 - Second Projet de Renforcement Institutionnel du Secteur Minier de la République Islamique de Mauritanie (PRISM-II) Phase V","indexId":"ofr20131280","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"title":"Second Projet de Renforcement Institutionnel du Secteur Minier de la République Islamique de Mauritanie (PRISM-II) Phase V"},"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-22T08:21:30","indexId":"ofr20131280L1","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1280","chapter":"L1","title":"Permissive tracts for volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits in Mauritania (phase V, deliverable 76): Chapter L1 in Second projet de renforcement institutionnel du secteur minier de la République Islamique de Mauritanie (PRISM-II)","docAbstract":"In 1996, at the request of the Government of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania, a team of U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) scientists produced a strategic plan for the acquisition, improvement and modernization of multidisciplinary sets of data to support the growth of the Mauritanian minerals sector and to highlight the geological and mineral exploration potential of the country. In 1999, the Ministry of Petroleum, Energy, and Mines of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania implemented a program for the acquisition of the recommended basic geoscientific information, termed the first Projet de Renforcement Institutionnel du Secteur Minier (Project for Institutional Capacity Building in the Mining Sector, PRISM-I). As a result of the PRISM-I efforts, a great deal of new geological, geophysical, geochemical, remote sensing, and hydrological data became available for evaluation and synthesis. However, the Ministry of Petroleum, Energy, and Mines recognized that additional work was required to extract the full benefit of the data before it could be of greatest use to the international community and of benefit to the Mauritanian minerals and development sector.
\nTo achieve this benefit, the Ministry of Petroleum, Energy, and Mines implemented a second Projet de Renforcement Institutionnel du Secteur Minier (PRISM-II) in 2006 to consolidate, synthesize, and interpret all of the existing data, create a new 1:1,000,000 scale geologic map, and define the mineral resource potential of the country. A consortium in which the USGS was the lead scientific agency carried out the majority of the PRISM-II work. In 2008, the USGS Mauritania Minerals Project was interrupted due to political changes in Mauritania. PRISM-II work resumed in 2011, and was completed in 2013 with the delivery of over 40 separate written reports and plates, an access file containing the Mauritanian National Mineral Deposits Database, and an interactive GIS containing all of the multi-disciplinary data and interpretive areas of mineral resource potential in Mauritania.
\nThis report contains the USGS results of the PRISM-II Mauritania Minerals Project and is presented in cooperation with the Ministry of Petroleum, Energy, and Mines of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania. The Report is composed of separate chapters consisting of multidisciplinary interpretive reports with accompanying plates on the geology, structure, geochronology, geophysics, hydrogeology, geochemistry, remote sensing (Landsat TM and ASTER), and SRTM and ASTER digital elevation models of Mauritania. The syntheses of these multidisciplinary data formed the basis for additional chapters containing interpretive reports on 12 different commodities and deposit types known to occur in Mauritania, accompanied by countrywide mineral resource potential maps of each commodity/deposit type. The commodities and deposit types represented include: (1) Ni, Cu, PGE, and Cr deposits hosted in ultramafic rocks; (2) orogenic, Carlin-like, and epithermal gold deposits; (3) polymetallic Pb-Zn-Cu vein deposits; (4) sediment-hosted Pb-Zn-Ag deposits of the SEDEX and Mississippi Valley-type; (5) sediment-hosted copper deposits; ( 6) volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits; (7) iron oxide copper-gold deposits; (8) uranium deposits; (9) Algoma-, Superior-, and oolitic-type iron deposits; (10) shoreline Ti-Zr placer deposits; (11) incompatible element deposits hosted in pegmatites, alkaline rocks, and carbonatites, and; (12) industrial mineral deposits. Additional chapters include the Mauritanian National Mineral Deposits Database are accompanied by an explanatory text and the Mauritania Minerals Project GIS that contains all of the interpretive layers created by USGS scientists. Raw data not in the public domain may be obtained from the Ministry of Petroleum, Energy, and Mines in Nouakchott, Mauritania.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Second projet de renforcement institutionnel du secteur minier de la République Islamique de Mauritanie (PRISM-II) (Open File Report 2013-1280)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131280L1","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Ministry of Petroleum, Energy, and Mines of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania","usgsCitation":"Taylor, C.D., and Horton, J.D., 2012, Permissive tracts for volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits in Mauritania (phase V, deliverable 76): Chapter L1 in Second projet de renforcement institutionnel du secteur minier de la République Islamique de Mauritanie (PRISM-II): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1280, Plate: 54.0 x 60.0 inches; Data; Metadata, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131280L1.","productDescription":"Plate: 54.0 x 60.0 inches; Data; Metadata","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-056909","costCenters":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":319148,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131280L1.PNG"},{"id":318743,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20131280"},{"id":319147,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1280/GIS_and_Maps/Chapter_L1_deliverable_76-Volcanogenic_massive_sulfide_(VMS)_deposits/","text":"Map, Data, and Metadata"}],"country":"Mauritania","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-12.17075,14.61683],[-12.83066,15.30369],[-13.43574,16.03938],[-14.09952,16.3043],[-14.57735,16.59826],[-15.13574,16.58728],[-15.62367,16.36934],[-16.12069,16.45566],[-16.4631,16.13504],[-16.54971,16.67389],[-16.27055,17.16696],[-16.14635,18.10848],[-16.25688,19.09672],[-16.37765,19.59382],[-16.27784,20.09252],[-16.53632,20.56787],[-17.06342,20.99975],[-16.84519,21.33332],[-12.9291,21.32707],[-13.11875,22.77122],[-12.87422,23.28483],[-11.93722,23.37459],[-11.96942,25.93335],[-8.68729,25.88106],[-8.6844,27.39574],[-4.92334,24.97457],[-6.45379,24.95659],[-5.97113,20.64083],[-5.48852,16.3251],[-5.31528,16.20185],[-5.53774,15.50169],[-9.55024,15.4865],[-9.70026,15.26411],[-10.08685,15.33049],[-10.65079,15.13275],[-11.3491,15.41126],[-11.66608,15.38821],[-11.83421,14.7991],[-12.17075,14.61683]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Mauritania\"}}]}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56f26cd7e4b0f59b85decd0b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Taylor, Cliff D. 0000-0001-6376-6298 ctaylor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6376-6298","contributorId":1283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Cliff","email":"ctaylor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":622280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Horton, John D. 0000-0003-2969-9073 jhorton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2969-9073","contributorId":1227,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horton","given":"John","email":"jhorton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":622281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70159522,"text":"ofr20131280M1 - 2012 - Permissive tracts for iron oxide copper-gold deposits in Mauritania (phase V, deliverable 78 ): Chapter M1 in Second projet de renforcement institutionnel du secteur minier de la République Islamique de Mauritanie (PRISM-II)","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70159522,"text":"ofr20131280M1 - 2012 - Permissive tracts for iron oxide copper-gold deposits in Mauritania (phase V, deliverable 78 ): Chapter M1 in Second projet de renforcement institutionnel du secteur minier de la République Islamique de Mauritanie (PRISM-II)","indexId":"ofr20131280M1","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"chapter":"M1","title":"Permissive tracts for iron oxide copper-gold deposits in Mauritania (phase V, deliverable 78 ): Chapter M1 in Second projet de renforcement institutionnel du secteur minier de la République Islamique de Mauritanie (PRISM-II)"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70160523,"text":"ofr20131280 - 2015 - Second Projet de Renforcement Institutionnel du Secteur Minier de la République Islamique de Mauritanie (PRISM-II) Phase V","indexId":"ofr20131280","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"title":"Second Projet de Renforcement Institutionnel du Secteur Minier de la République Islamique de Mauritanie (PRISM-II) Phase V"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70160523,"text":"ofr20131280 - 2015 - Second Projet de Renforcement Institutionnel du Secteur Minier de la République Islamique de Mauritanie (PRISM-II) Phase V","indexId":"ofr20131280","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"title":"Second Projet de Renforcement Institutionnel du Secteur Minier de la République Islamique de Mauritanie (PRISM-II) Phase V"},"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-22T08:54:36","indexId":"ofr20131280M1","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1280","chapter":"M1","title":"Permissive tracts for iron oxide copper-gold deposits in Mauritania (phase V, deliverable 78 ): Chapter M1 in Second projet de renforcement institutionnel du secteur minier de la République Islamique de Mauritanie (PRISM-II)","docAbstract":"In 1996, at the request of the Government of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania, a team of U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) scientists produced a strategic plan for the acquisition, improvement and modernization of multidisciplinary sets of data to support the growth of the Mauritanian minerals sector and to highlight the geological and mineral exploration potential of the country. In 1999, the Ministry of Petroleum, Energy, and Mines of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania implemented a program for the acquisition of the recommended basic geoscientific information, termed the first Projet de Renforcement Institutionnel du Secteur Minier (Project for Institutional Capacity Building in the Mining Sector, PRISM-I). As a result of the PRISM-I efforts, a great deal of new geological, geophysical, geochemical, remote sensing, and hydrological data became available for evaluation and synthesis. However, the Ministry of Petroleum, Energy, and Mines recognized that additional work was required to extract the full benefit of the data before it could be of greatest use to the international community and of benefit to the Mauritanian minerals and development sector.
\nTo achieve this benefit, the Ministry of Petroleum, Energy, and Mines implemented a second Projet de Renforcement Institutionnel du Secteur Minier (PRISM-II) in 2006 to consolidate, synthesize, and interpret all of the existing data, create a new 1:1,000,000 scale geologic map, and define the mineral resource potential of the country. A consortium in which the USGS was the lead scientific agency carried out the majority of the PRISM-II work. In 2008, the USGS Mauritania Minerals Project was interrupted due to political changes in Mauritania. PRISM-II work resumed in 2011, and was completed in 2013 with the delivery of over 40 separate written reports and plates, an access file containing the Mauritanian National Mineral Deposits Database, and an interactive GIS containing all of the multi-disciplinary data and interpretive areas of mineral resource potential in Mauritania.
\nThis report contains the USGS results of the PRISM-II Mauritania Minerals Project and is presented in cooperation with the Ministry of Petroleum, Energy, and Mines of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania. The Report is composed of separate chapters consisting of multidisciplinary interpretive reports with accompanying plates on the geology, structure, geochronology, geophysics, hydrogeology, geochemistry, remote sensing (Landsat TM and ASTER), and SRTM and ASTER digital elevation models of Mauritania. The syntheses of these multidisciplinary data formed the basis for additional chapters containing interpretive reports on 12 different commodities and deposit types known to occur in Mauritania, accompanied by countrywide mineral resource potential maps of each commodity/deposit type. The commodities and deposit types represented include: (1) Ni, Cu, PGE, and Cr deposits hosted in ultramafic rocks; (2) orogenic, Carlin-like, and epithermal gold deposits; (3) polymetallic Pb-Zn-Cu vein deposits; (4) sediment-hosted Pb-Zn-Ag deposits of the SEDEX and Mississippi Valley-type; (5) sediment-hosted copper deposits; ( 6) volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits; (7) iron oxide copper-gold deposits; (8) uranium deposits; (9) Algoma-, Superior-, and oolitic-type iron deposits; (10) shoreline Ti-Zr placer deposits; (11) incompatible element deposits hosted in pegmatites, alkaline rocks, and carbonatites, and; (12) industrial mineral deposits. Additional chapters include the Mauritanian National Mineral Deposits Database are accompanied by an explanatory text and the Mauritania Minerals Project GIS that contains all of the interpretive layers created by USGS scientists. Raw data not in the public domain may be obtained from the Ministry of Petroleum, Energy, and Mines in Nouakchott, Mauritania.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Second projet de renforcement institutionnel du secteur minier de la République Islamique de Mauritanie (PRISM-II) (Open File Report 2013-1280)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131280M1","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Ministry of Petroleum, Energy, and Mines of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania","usgsCitation":"Fernette, G., and Horton, J.D., 2012, Permissive tracts for iron oxide copper-gold deposits in Mauritania (phase V, deliverable 78 ): Chapter M1 in Second projet de renforcement institutionnel du secteur minier de la République Islamique de Mauritanie (PRISM-II): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1280, Plate: 54.0 x 60.0 inches; Data; Metadata, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131280M1.","productDescription":"Plate: 54.0 x 60.0 inches; Data; Metadata","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056910","costCenters":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":319071,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131280M1.PNG"},{"id":318744,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20131280"},{"id":319069,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1280/GIS_and_Maps/Chapter_M1_deliverable_78-Iron_oxide_copper-gold_deposits_(IOCG)/","text":"Map, Data, and Metadata"}],"country":"Mauritania","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-12.17075,14.61683],[-12.83066,15.30369],[-13.43574,16.03938],[-14.09952,16.3043],[-14.57735,16.59826],[-15.13574,16.58728],[-15.62367,16.36934],[-16.12069,16.45566],[-16.4631,16.13504],[-16.54971,16.67389],[-16.27055,17.16696],[-16.14635,18.10848],[-16.25688,19.09672],[-16.37765,19.59382],[-16.27784,20.09252],[-16.53632,20.56787],[-17.06342,20.99975],[-16.84519,21.33332],[-12.9291,21.32707],[-13.11875,22.77122],[-12.87422,23.28483],[-11.93722,23.37459],[-11.96942,25.93335],[-8.68729,25.88106],[-8.6844,27.39574],[-4.92334,24.97457],[-6.45379,24.95659],[-5.97113,20.64083],[-5.48852,16.3251],[-5.31528,16.20185],[-5.53774,15.50169],[-9.55024,15.4865],[-9.70026,15.26411],[-10.08685,15.33049],[-10.65079,15.13275],[-11.3491,15.41126],[-11.66608,15.38821],[-11.83421,14.7991],[-12.17075,14.61683]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Mauritania\"}}]}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56f11b65e4b0f59b85ddc4a7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fernette, Gregory gfernette@usgs.gov","contributorId":149751,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fernette","given":"Gregory","email":"gfernette@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":622283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Horton, John D. 0000-0003-2969-9073 jhorton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2969-9073","contributorId":1227,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horton","given":"John","email":"jhorton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":622284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70272979,"text":"70272979 - 2012 - Detection of tamarisk defoliation by the northern tamarisk beetle based on multitemporal Landsat 5 thematic mapper imagery.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-12-11T16:51:24.143449","indexId":"70272979","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-15T10:42:38","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":8118,"text":"GIScience & Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Detection of tamarisk defoliation by the northern tamarisk beetle based on multitemporal Landsat 5 thematic mapper imagery.","docAbstract":"The spread of tamarisk (Tamarix spp., also known as saltcedar) is a significant ecological disturbance in western North America and has long been targeted for control, leading to the importation of the northern tamarisk beetle (Diorhabda carinulata) as a biological control agent. Following its initial release along the Colorado River near Moab, Utah in 2004, the beetle has successfully established and defoliated tamarisk across much of the upper Colorado River Basin. However, the spatial distribution and seasonal timing of defoliation are complex and difficult to quantify over large areas. To address this challenge, we tested and compared two remote sensing approaches to mapping tamarisk defoliation: Disturbance Index (DI) and a decision tree method called Random Forest (RF). Based on multitemporal Landsat 5 TM imagery for 2006-2010, changes in DI and defoliation probability from RF were calculated to detect tamarisk defoliation along the banks of Green, Colorado, Dolores and San Juan rivers within the Colorado Plateau area. Defoliation mapping accuracy was assessed based on field surveys partitioned into 10 km sections of river and on regions of interest created for continuous riparian vegetation. The DI method detected 3711 ha of defoliated area in 2007, 7350 ha in 2008, 10,457 ha in 2009 and 5898 ha in 2010. The RF method detected much smaller areas of defoliation but proved to have higher accuracy, as demonstrated by accuracy assessment and sensitivity analysis, with 784 ha in 2007, 960 ha in 2008, 934 ha in 2009, and 1008 ha in 2010. Results indicate that remote sensing approaches are likely to be useful for studying spatiotemporal patterns of tamarisk defoliation as the tamarisk leaf beetle spreads throughout the western United States.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.2747/1548-1603.49.4.510","usgsCitation":"Meng, R., Dennison, P.E., Levi Jamison, van Riper, C., Nagler, P.L., Hultine, K., Bean, D., and Dudley, T., 2012, Detection of tamarisk defoliation by the northern tamarisk beetle based on multitemporal Landsat 5 thematic mapper imagery.: GIScience & Remote Sensing, v. 49, no. 4, p. 510-537, https://doi.org/10.2747/1548-1603.49.4.510.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"510","endPage":"537","ipdsId":"IP-033243","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":497333,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, Utah, Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -105.94724503956189,\n 41.0605388728832\n ],\n [\n -109.82425133836676,\n 41.60772394040967\n ],\n [\n -112.31079483911174,\n 36.432855192171345\n ],\n [\n -108.78115248367467,\n 36.14982443489929\n ],\n [\n -105.94724503956189,\n 41.0605388728832\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"49","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-05-15","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meng, Ran","contributorId":363786,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Meng","given":"Ran","affiliations":[{"id":86739,"text":"Geography, University of Utah","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":951975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dennison, Philip E.","contributorId":363781,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dennison","given":"Philip","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":86736,"text":"Dept.of Geolgraphy, U of Utah","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":951977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Levi Jamison","contributorId":145471,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Levi Jamison","affiliations":[{"id":16125,"text":"SNRE, University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":951976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"van Riper, Charles III 0000-0003-1084-5843 charles_van_riper@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1084-5843","contributorId":169488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Riper","given":"Charles","suffix":"III","email":"charles_van_riper@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":951973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nagler, Pamela L 0000-0003-0674-103X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0674-103X","contributorId":363785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nagler","given":"Pamela","middleInitial":"L","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":951974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hultine, Kevin","contributorId":105634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hultine","given":"Kevin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":951978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bean, Dan W.","contributorId":58133,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bean","given":"Dan W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":951979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Dudley, Tom","contributorId":64496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dudley","given":"Tom","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":951987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70043290,"text":"70043290 - 2012 - Development of the Landsat Data Continuity Mission cloud-cover assessment algorithms","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-24T18:17:37.984972","indexId":"70043290","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1944,"text":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Development of the Landsat Data Continuity Mission cloud-cover assessment algorithms","docAbstract":"The upcoming launch of the Operational Land Imager (OLI) will start the next era of the Landsat program. However, the Automated Cloud-Cover Assessment (CCA) (ACCA) algorithm used on Landsat 7 requires a thermal band and is thus not suited for OLI. There will be a thermal instrument on the Landsat Data Continuity Mission (LDCM)-the Thermal Infrared Sensor-which may not be available during all OLI collections. This illustrates a need for CCA for LDCM in the absence of thermal data. To research possibilities for full-resolution OLI cloud assessment, a global data set of 207 Landsat 7 scenes with manually generated cloud masks was created. It was used to evaluate the ACCA algorithm, showing that the algorithm correctly classified 79.9% of a standard test subset of 3.95 109 pixels. The data set was also used to develop and validate two successor algorithms for use with OLI data-one derived from an off-the-shelf machine learning package and one based on ACCA but enhanced by a simple neural network. These comprehensive CCA algorithms were shown to correctly classify pixels as cloudy or clear 88.5% and 89.7% of the time, respectively.","language":"English","publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","doi":"10.1109/TGRS.2011.2164087","usgsCitation":"Scaramuzza, P., Bouchard, M., and Dwyer, J.L., 2012, Development of the Landsat Data Continuity Mission cloud-cover assessment algorithms: IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, v. 50, no. 4, p. 1140-1154, https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2011.2164087.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1140","endPage":"1154","ipdsId":"IP-020443","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270623,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"50","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5180d9d9e4b0df838b924d29","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scaramuzza, Pat 0000-0002-2616-8456 pscar@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2616-8456","contributorId":3970,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scaramuzza","given":"Pat","email":"pscar@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bouchard, M.A. 0000-0002-6353-3491","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6353-3491","contributorId":13023,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bouchard","given":"M.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dwyer, John L. 0000-0002-8281-0896","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8281-0896","contributorId":6136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dwyer","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70043298,"text":"pp1386A - 2012 - State of the Earth’s cryosphere at the beginning of the 21st century: Glaciers, global snow cover, floating ice, and permafrost and periglacial environments","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70043298,"text":"pp1386A - 2012 - State of the Earth’s cryosphere at the beginning of the 21st century: Glaciers, global snow cover, floating ice, and permafrost and periglacial environments","indexId":"pp1386A","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"chapter":"A","title":"State of the Earth’s cryosphere at the beginning of the 21st century: Glaciers, global snow cover, floating ice, and permafrost and periglacial environments"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70042384,"text":"pp1386 - 1988 - Satellite image atlas of glaciers of the world","indexId":"pp1386","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"title":"Satellite image atlas of glaciers of the world"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70042384,"text":"pp1386 - 1988 - Satellite image atlas of glaciers of the world","indexId":"pp1386","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"title":"Satellite image atlas of glaciers of the world"},"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-10T15:45:43.720635","indexId":"pp1386A","displayToPublicDate":"2013-02-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1386","chapter":"A","title":"State of the Earth’s cryosphere at the beginning of the 21st century: Glaciers, global snow cover, floating ice, and permafrost and periglacial environments","docAbstract":"This chapter is the tenth in a series of 11 book-length chapters, collectively referred to as “this volume,” in the series U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1386, Satellite Image Atlas of Glaciers of the World. In the other 10 chapters, each of which concerns a specific glacierized region of Earth, the authors used remotely sensed images, primarily from the Landsat 1, 2, and 3 series of spacecraft, in order to analyze that glacierized region and to monitor changes in its glaciers. Landsat images, acquired primarily during the period 1972 through 1981, were used by an international team of glaciologists and other scientists to study the various glacierized regions and (or) to discuss related glaciological topics. In each glacierized region, the present distribution of glaciers within its geographic area is compared, wherever possible, with historical information about their past areal extent. The atlas provides an accurate regional inventory of the areal extent of glacier ice on our planet during the 1970s as part of an expanding international scientific effort to measure global environmental change on the Earth’s surface. However, this chapter differs from the other 10 in its discussion of observed changes in all four elements of the Earth’s cryosphere (glaciers, snow cover, floating ice, and permafrost) in the context of documented changes in all components of the Earth System. Human impact on the planet at the beginning of the 21st century is pervasive. The focus of Chapter A is on changes in the cryosphere and the importance of long-term monitoring by a variety of sensors carried on Earth-orbiting satellites or by a ground-based network of observatories in the case of permafrost. The chapter consists of five parts. The first part provides an introduction to the Earth System, including the interrelationships of the geosphere (cryosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere, and atmosphere), the biosphere, climate processes, biogeochemical cycles, and the critically important hydrologic cycle, in which glacier ice is the second largest reservoir of water after the oceans. The second part assesses the state of glaciers in all of the glacierized regions of the planet, primarily as drawn in the other 10 chapters. It includes sections on ice cores and the climate record they contain, volumetric changes in glaciers, harnessing spaceborne sensors to measure changes in glaciers, and related topics. The third part summarizes trends in global snow cover. The fourth part summarizes long-term changes in area and thickness of floating ice, including polar sea ice and freshwater (lake and river) ice. The fifth part assesses the loss of permafrost and changes in periglacial environments at high latitudes and high altitudes.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Satellite image atlas of glaciers of the world (Professional Paper 1386)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1386A","isbn":"978-0-607-98287-9","usgsCitation":"Williams, R., Huntington, T.G., Ferrigno, J.G., Thompson, L., Dyurgerov, M., Meier, M., Raup, B., Kargel, J.S., Hall, D.K., Robinson, D.A., Parkinson, C.L., Cavalieri, D., Jeffries, M.O., Morris, K., Duguay, C.R., Heginbottom, J.A., Brown, J., Humlum, O., Svensson, H., and Foley, K.M., 2012, State of the Earth’s cryosphere at the beginning of the 21st century: Glaciers, global snow cover, floating ice, and permafrost and periglacial environments: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1386, Report: 550 p.; 1 Plate: 36 x 24 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1386A.","productDescription":"Report: 550 p.; 1 Plate: 36 x 24 inches","numberOfPages":"550","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-007443","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300055,"rank":11,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/p1386a/gallery-4.html","text":"Figure Gallery 4","description":"Figure Gallery 4"},{"id":300054,"rank":10,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/p1386a/pdf/pp1386a-4-web.pdf","text":"A–4 Floating Ice—Sea Ice; Lake Ice and River Ice","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"A–4 Floating Ice—Sea Ice; Lake Ice and River Ice"},{"id":300053,"rank":9,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/p1386a/gallery-3.html","text":"Figure Gallery 3","description":"Figure Gallery 3"},{"id":300052,"rank":8,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/p1386a/pdf/pp1386a-3-web.pdf","text":"A–3 Global Snow Cover","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"A–3 Global Snow Cover"},{"id":300051,"rank":7,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/p1386a/gallery-2.html","text":"Figure Gallery 2","description":"Figure Gallery 2"},{"id":300050,"rank":6,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/p1386a/pdf/pp1386a-2-web.pdf","text":"A–2 Glaciers","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"A–2 Glaciers"},{"id":300048,"rank":4,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/p1386a/pdf/pp1386a-1-web.pdf","text":"A–1 Introduction—Changes in the Earth's Cryosphere and Global Environmental Change in the Earth System","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"A–1 Introduction—Changes in the Earth's Cryosphere and Global Environmental Change in the Earth System"},{"id":267182,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/p1386a/pdf/pp1386a-covers_front_matter.pdf","text":"Front Cover, Front Pages, and Back Cover","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Front Cover, Front Pages, and Back Cover"},{"id":300056,"rank":12,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/p1386a/pdf/pp1386a-5-web.pdf","text":"A–5 Permafrost and Periglacial Environments","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"A–5 Permafrost and Periglacial Environments","linkHelpText":"Users must download the latest Adobe Reader before downloading the pdf file."},{"id":300049,"rank":5,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/p1386a/gallery-1.html","text":"Figure Gallery 1","description":"Figure Gallery 1"},{"id":300063,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp1386a.gif"},{"id":300062,"rank":17,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/p1386a/gallery-notes.html","text":"Cryosphere Notes figures","description":"Cryosphere Notes figures"},{"id":300061,"rank":16,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/p1386a/Cryosphere_Notes.html","text":"Cryosphere Notes","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"Cryosphere Notes"},{"id":300057,"rank":13,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/p1386a/gallery-5.html","text":"Figure Gallery 5","description":"Figure Gallery 5"},{"id":267180,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/p1386a/"},{"id":300060,"rank":15,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/p1386a/gallery-plate.html","text":"Plate figures","description":"Plate figures"},{"id":300059,"rank":14,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/p1386a/pdf/cryo_plateA_2012_1230112_508.pdf","text":"Plate","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"511a12f2e4b084e2824d68e8","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Williams, Richard S. Jr.","contributorId":17355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Richard S.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509191,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ferrigno, Jane G. jferrign@usgs.gov","contributorId":39825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferrigno","given":"Jane","email":"jferrign@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":509190,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Williams, Richard S. Jr.","contributorId":83859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Richard S.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[{"id":680,"text":"Woods Hole Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":914612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Huntington, Thomas G. 0000-0002-9427-3530 thunting@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9427-3530","contributorId":117440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huntington","given":"Thomas","email":"thunting@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":914613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ferrigno, Jane G. jferrign@usgs.gov","contributorId":39825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferrigno","given":"Jane","email":"jferrign@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":914614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thompson, Lonnie","contributorId":224072,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thompson","given":"Lonnie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":914615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dyurgerov, M.B.","contributorId":43953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dyurgerov","given":"M.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":914616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Meier, Mark","contributorId":20594,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meier","given":"Mark","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":914617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Raup, Bruce","contributorId":10715,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raup","given":"Bruce","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":914618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Kargel, Jeffrey S.","contributorId":76601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kargel","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":914619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Hall, Dorothy K.","contributorId":24697,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hall","given":"Dorothy","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":7049,"text":"NASA Goddard Space Flight Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":914620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Robinson, David A.","contributorId":344741,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Robinson","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":914621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Parkinson, Claire L.","contributorId":20916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parkinson","given":"Claire","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":914622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Cavalieri, D.","contributorId":67774,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cavalieri","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":914623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Jeffries, Martin O","contributorId":192582,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jeffries","given":"Martin","email":"","middleInitial":"O","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":914624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Morris, K.","contributorId":38805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morris","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":914625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Duguay, Claude R.","contributorId":267814,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Duguay","given":"Claude","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":914626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Heginbottom, J. A.","contributorId":48820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heginbottom","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":914627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Brown, Jerry","contributorId":344742,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"Jerry","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":914628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Humlum, Ole","contributorId":344743,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Humlum","given":"Ole","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":914629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Svensson, Harald","contributorId":344744,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Svensson","given":"Harald","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":914630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Foley, Kevin M. 0000-0003-1013-462X kfoley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1013-462X","contributorId":2543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foley","given":"Kevin","email":"kfoley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":914631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20}]}} ,{"id":70042529,"text":"pp1796 - 2012 - An economic value of remote-sensing information—Application to agricultural production and maintaining groundwater quality","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-11T08:19:30","indexId":"pp1796","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1796","title":"An economic value of remote-sensing information—Application to agricultural production and maintaining groundwater quality","docAbstract":"Does remote-sensing information provide economic benefits to society, and can a value be assigned to those benefits? Can resource management and policy decisions be better informed by coupling past and present Earth observations with groundwater nitrate measurements? Using an integrated assessment approach, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) applied an established conceptual framework to answer these questions, as well as to estimate the value of information (VOI) for remote-sensing imagery. The approach uses moderate-resolution land-imagery (MRLI) data from the Landsat and Advanced Wide Field Sensor satellites that has been classified by the National Agricultural Statistics Service into the Cropland Data Layer (CDL). Within the constraint of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's public health threshold for potable groundwater resources, the USGS modeled the relation between a population of the CDL's land uses and dynamic nitrate (NO3-) contamination of aquifers in a case study region in northeastern Iowa. Employing various multiscaled, multitemporal geospatial datasets with MRLI to maximize the value of agricultural production, the approach develops and uses multiple environmental science models to address dynamic nitrogen loading and transport at specified distances from specific sites (wells) and at landscape scales (for example, across 35 counties and two aquifers). In addition to the ecosystem service of potable groundwater, this effort focuses on the use of MRLI for the management of the major land uses in the study region-the production of corn and soybeans, which can impact groundwater quality. Derived methods and results include (1) economic and dynamic nitrate-pollution models, (2) probabilities of the survival of groundwater, and (3) a VOI for remote sensing. For the northeastern Iowa study region, the marginal benefit of the MRLI VOI (in 2010 dollars) is $858 million ±$197 million annualized, which corresponds to a net present value of $38.1 billion ±$8.8 billion for that flow of benefits in perpetuity. Given that these economic estimates are derived from one case study in a part of only one State, the estimates provide a lower estimate related to the potential value of the Landsat Data Continuity Mission.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1796","usgsCitation":"Forney, W.M., Raunikar, R.P., Bernknopf, R.L., and Mishra, S.K., 2012, An economic value of remote-sensing information—Application to agricultural production and maintaining groundwater quality: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1796, vii, 60 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1796.","productDescription":"vii, 60 p.","numberOfPages":"72","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":265537,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp_1796.gif"},{"id":265536,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1796/pp1796.pdf"},{"id":265535,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1796/"}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50f1345fe4b0c982afefa869","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Forney, William M.","contributorId":43490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Forney","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Raunikar, Ronald P.","contributorId":101535,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raunikar","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bernknopf, Richard L.","contributorId":97061,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bernknopf","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mishra, Shruti K.","contributorId":21432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mishra","given":"Shruti","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70007153,"text":"70007153 - 2012 - Landsat: building a strong future","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-10T15:47:51","indexId":"70007153","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Landsat: building a strong future","docAbstract":"Conceived in the 1960s, the Landsat program has experienced six successful missions that have contributed to an unprecedented 39-year record of Earth Observations that capture global land conditions and dynamics. Incremental improvements in imaging capabilities continue to improve the quality of Landsat science data, while ensuring continuity over the full instrument record. Landsats 5 and 7 are still collecting imagery. The planned launch of the Landsat Data Continuity Mission in December 2012 potentially extends the Landsat record to nearly 50 years. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Landsat archive contains nearly three million Landsat images. All USGS Landsat data are available at no cost via the Internet. The USGS is committed to improving the content of the historical Landsat archive though the consolidation of Landsat data held in international archives. In addition, the USGS is working on a strategy to develop higher-level Landsat geo- and biophysical datasets. Finally, Federal efforts are underway to transition Landsat into a sustained operational program within the Department of the Interior and to authorize the development of the next two satellites — Landsats 9 and 10.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Remote Sensing of Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.rse.2011.09.022","usgsCitation":"Loveland, T., and Dwyer, J.L., 2012, Landsat: building a strong future: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 122, p. 22-29, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2011.09.022.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"22","endPage":"29","ipdsId":"IP-033535","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":265525,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":265523,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2011.09.022"}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -180.0,-90.0 ], [ -180.0,90.0 ], [ 180.0,90.0 ], [ 180.0,-90.0 ], [ -180.0,-90.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"122","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd63fce4b0b290850ff2bc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Loveland, Thomas R. 0000-0003-3114-6646 loveland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3114-6646","contributorId":3005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loveland","given":"Thomas R.","email":"loveland@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":355950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dwyer, John L. 0000-0002-8281-0896 dwyer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8281-0896","contributorId":3481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dwyer","given":"John","email":"dwyer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":355951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70042410,"text":"ds709K - 2012 - Local-area-enhanced, 2.5-meter resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of the Kharnak-Kanjar mineral district in Afghanistan: Chapter K in Local-area-enhanced, high-resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of mineral districts in Afghanistan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-01T11:13:12","indexId":"ds709K","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"709","chapter":"K","title":"Local-area-enhanced, 2.5-meter resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of the Kharnak-Kanjar mineral district in Afghanistan: Chapter K in Local-area-enhanced, high-resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of mineral districts in Afghanistan","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Defense Task Force for Business and Stability Operations, prepared databases for mineral-resource target areas in Afghanistan. The purpose of the databases is to (1) provide useful data to ground-survey crews for use in performing detailed assessments of the areas and (2) provide useful information to private investors who are considering investment in a particular area for development of its natural resources. The set of satellite-image mosaics provided in this Data Series (DS) is one such database. Although airborne digital color-infrared imagery was acquired for parts of Afghanistan in 2006, the image data have radiometric variations that preclude their use in creating a consistent image mosaic for geologic analysis. Consequently, image mosaics were created using ALOS (Advanced Land Observation Satellite; renamed Daichi) satellite images, whose radiometry has been well determined (Saunier, 2007a,b). This part of the DS consists of the locally enhanced ALOS image mosaics for the Kharnak-Kanjar mineral district, which has mercury deposits. ALOS was launched on January 24, 2006, and provides multispectral images from the AVNIR (Advanced Visible and Near-Infrared Radiometer) sensor in blue (420–500 nanometer, nm), green (520–600 nm), red (610–690 nm), and near-infrared (760–890 nm) wavelength bands with an 8-bit dynamic range and a 10-meter (m) ground resolution. The satellite also provides a panchromatic band image from the PRISM (Panchromatic Remote-sensing Instrument for Stereo Mapping) sensor (520–770 nm) with the same dynamic range but a 2.5-m ground resolution. The image products in this DS incorporate copyrighted data provided by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (©JAXA,2007,2008,2010), but the image processing has altered the original pixel structure and all image values of the JAXA ALOS data, such that original image values cannot be recreated from this DS. As such, the DS products match JAXA criteria for value added products, which are not copyrighted, according to the ALOS end-user license agreement. The selection criteria for the satellite imagery used in our mosaics were images having (1) the highest solar-elevation angles (near summer solstice) and (2) the least cloud, cloud-shadow, and snow cover. The multispectral and panchromatic data were orthorectified with ALOS satellite ephemeris data, a process which is not as accurate as orthorectification using digital elevation models (DEMs); however, the ALOS processing center did not have a precise DEM. As a result, the multispectral and panchromatic image pairs were generally not well registered to the surface and not coregistered well enough to perform resolution enhancement on the multispectral data. For this particular area, PRISM image orthorectification was performed by the Alaska Satellite Facility, applying its photogrammetric software to PRISM stereo images with vertical control points obtained from the digital elevation database produced by the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (Farr and others, 2007) and horizontal adjustments based on a controlled Landsat image base (Davis, 2006). The 10-m AVNIR multispectral imagery was then coregistered to the orthorectified PRISM images and individual multispectral and panchromatic images were mosaicked into single images of the entire area of interest. The image coregistration was facilitated using an automated control-point algorithm developed by the USGS that allows image coregistration to within one picture element. Before rectification, the multispectral and panchromatic images were converted to radiance values and then to relative-reflectance values using the methods described in Davis (2006). Mosaicking the multispectral or panchromatic images started with the image with the highest sun-elevation angle and the least atmospheric scattering, which was treated as the standard image. The band-reflectance values of all other multispectral or panchromatic images within the area were sequentially adjusted to that of the standard image by determining band-reflectance correspondence between overlapping images using linear least-squares analysis. The resolution of the multispectral image mosaic was then increased to that of the panchromatic image mosaic using the SPARKLE logic, which is described in Davis (2006). Each of the four-band images within the resolution-enhanced image mosaic was individually subjected to a local-area histogram stretch algorithm (described in Davis, 2007), which stretches each band's picture element based on the digital values of all picture elements within a 1,000-m radius. The final databases, which are provided in this DS, are three-band, color-composite images of the local-area-enhanced, natural-color data (the blue, green, and red wavelength bands) and color-infrared data (the green, red, and near-infrared wavelength bands). All image data were initially projected and maintained in Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) map projection using the target area's local zone (41 for Kharnak-Kanjar) and the WGS84 datum. The final image mosaics were subdivided into eight overlapping tiles or quadrants because of the large size of the target area. The eight image tiles (or quadrants) for the Kharnak-Kanjar area are provided as embedded geotiff images, which can be read and used by most geographic information system (GIS) and image-processing software. The tiff world files (tfw) are provided, even though they are generally not needed for most software to read an embedded geotiff image. Within the Kharnak-Kanjar study area, three subareas were designated for detailed field investigations (that is, the Koh-e-Katif Passaband, Panjshah-Mullayan, and Sahebdad-Khanjar subareas); these subareas were extracted from the area's image mosaic and are provided as separate embedded geotiff images.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Local-area-enhanced, high-resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of mineral districts in Afghanistan (DS 709)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds709K","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Defense Task Force for Business and Stability Operations and the Afghanistan Geological Survey. This report is Chapter K in Local-area-enhanced, high-resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of mineral districts in Afghanistan. For more information, see: Data Series 709.","usgsCitation":"Davis, P.A., Arko, S.A., and Harbin, M., 2012, Local-area-enhanced, 2.5-meter resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of the Kharnak-Kanjar mineral district in Afghanistan: Chapter K in Local-area-enhanced, high-resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of mineral districts in Afghanistan: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 709, Readme; 3 Maps: 11 x 8.5 inches and 78.68 x 64.04 inches; 26 Image Files; 26 Metadata Files; Shapefiles; DS 709, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds709K.","productDescription":"Readme; 3 Maps: 11 x 8.5 inches and 78.68 x 64.04 inches; 26 Image Files; 26 Metadata Files; Shapefiles; DS 709","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2006-01-24","costCenters":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":265362,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_709_k.jpg"},{"id":265354,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/k/index_maps/Kharnak-Kanjar_Area-of-Interest_Index_Map.pdf"},{"id":265355,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/k/index_maps/Kharnak-Kanjar_Image_Index_Map.pdf"},{"id":265356,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/k/index_maps/Kharnak-Kanjar_Subarea_Image_Index_Map.pdf"},{"id":265357,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/k/index_maps/index_maps.html"},{"id":265358,"type":{"id":14,"text":"Image"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/k/image_files/image_files.html"},{"id":265359,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/k/metadata/metadata.html"},{"id":265360,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/k/shapefiles/shapefiles.html"},{"id":265361,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/index.html"},{"id":265352,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/k/"},{"id":265353,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/k/1_readme.txt"}],"country":"Afghanistan","state":"Farah;Ghor;Daykundi","otherGeospatial":"Kharnak-kanjar Mineral District","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 64.0,33.0 ], [ 64.0,34.25 ], [ 65.75,34.25 ], [ 65.75,33.0 ], [ 64.0,33.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50ebee6ce4b07f1501afcfb4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davis, Philip A. pdavis@usgs.gov","contributorId":692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"Philip","email":"pdavis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":471485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Arko, Scott A.","contributorId":101929,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arko","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harbin, Michelle L.","contributorId":20590,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harbin","given":"Michelle L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70042409,"text":"ds709J - 2012 - Local-area-enhanced, 2.5-meter resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of the Tourmaline mineral district in Afghanistan: Chapter J in Local-area-enhanced, high-resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of mineral districts in Afghanistan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-01T11:10:57","indexId":"ds709J","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"709","chapter":"J","title":"Local-area-enhanced, 2.5-meter resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of the Tourmaline mineral district in Afghanistan: Chapter J in Local-area-enhanced, high-resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of mineral districts in Afghanistan","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Defense Task Force for Business and Stability Operations, prepared databases for mineral-resource target areas in Afghanistan. The purpose of the databases is to (1) provide useful data to ground-survey crews for use in performing detailed assessments of the areas and (2) provide useful information to private investors who are considering investment in a particular area for development of its natural resources. The set of satellite-image mosaics provided in this Data Series (DS) is one such database. Although airborne digital color-infrared imagery was acquired for parts of Afghanistan in 2006, the image data have radiometric variations that preclude their use in creating a consistent image mosaic for geologic analysis. Consequently, image mosaics were created using ALOS (Advanced Land Observation Satellite; renamed Daichi) satellite images, whose radiometry has been well determined (Saunier, 2007a,b). This part of the DS consists of the locally enhanced ALOS image mosaics for the Tourmaline mineral district, which has tin deposits. ALOS was launched on January 24, 2006, and provides multispectral images from the AVNIR (Advanced Visible and Near-Infrared Radiometer) sensor in blue (420–500 nanometer, nm), green (520–600 nm), red (610–690 nm), and near-infrared (760–890 nm) wavelength bands with an 8-bit dynamic range and a 10-meter (m) ground resolution. The satellite also provides a panchromatic band image from the PRISM (Panchromatic Remote-sensing Instrument for Stereo Mapping) sensor (520–770 nm) with the same dynamic range but a 2.5-m ground resolution. The image products in this DS incorporate copyrighted data provided by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (©JAXA,2008), but the image processing has altered the original pixel structure and all image values of the JAXA ALOS data, such that original image values cannot be recreated from this DS. As such, the DS products match JAXA criteria for value added products, which are not copyrighted, according to the ALOS end-user license agreement. The selection criteria for the satellite imagery used in our mosaics were images having (1) the highest solar-elevation angles (near summer solstice) and (2) the least cloud, cloud-shadow, and snow cover. The multispectral and panchromatic data were orthorectified with ALOS satellite ephemeris data, a process which is not as accurate as orthorectification using digital elevation models (DEMs); however, the ALOS processing center did not have a precise DEM. As a result, the multispectral and panchromatic image pairs were generally not well registered to the surface and not coregistered well enough to perform resolution enhancement on the multispectral data. For this particular area, PRISM image orthorectification was performed by the Alaska Satellite Facility, applying its photogrammetric software to PRISM stereo images with vertical control points obtained from the digital elevation database produced by the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (Farr and others, 2007) and horizontal adjustments based on a controlled Landsat image base (Davis, 2006). The 10-m AVNIR multispectral imagery was then coregistered to the orthorectified PRISM images and individual multispectral and panchromatic images were mosaicked into single images of the entire area of interest. The image coregistration was facilitated using an automated control-point algorithm developed by the USGS that allows image coregistration to within one picture element. Before rectification, the multispectral and panchromatic images were converted to radiance values and then to relative-reflectance values using the methods described in Davis (2006). Mosaicking the multispectral or panchromatic images started with the image with the highest sun-elevation angle and the least atmospheric scattering, which was treated as the standard image. The band-reflectance values of all other multispectral or panchromatic images within the area were sequentially adjusted to that of the standard image by determining band-reflectance correspondence between overlapping images using linear least-squares analysis. The resolution of the multispectral image mosaic was then increased to that of the panchromatic image mosaic using the SPARKLE logic, which is described in Davis (2006). Each of the four-band images within the resolution-enhanced image mosaic was individually subjected to a local-area histogram stretch algorithm (described in Davis, 2007), which stretches each band's picture element based on the digital values of all picture elements within a 500-m radius. The final databases, which are provided in this DS, are three-band, color-composite images of the local-area-enhanced, natural-color data (the blue, green, and red wavelength bands) and color-infrared data (the green, red, and near-infrared wavelength bands). All image data were initially projected and maintained in Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) map projection using the target area's local zone (41 for Tourmaline) and the WGS84 datum. The final image mosaics were subdivided into four overlapping tiles or quadrants because of the large size of the target area. The four image tiles (or quadrants) for the Tourmaline area are provided as embedded geotiff images, which can be read and used by most geographic information system (GIS) and image-processing software. The tiff world files (tfw) are provided, even though they are generally not needed for most software to read an embedded geotiff image.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Local-area-enhanced, high-resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of mineral districts in Afghanistan (DS 709)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds709J","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Defense Task Force for Business and Stability Operations and the Afghanistan Geological Survey. This report is Chapter J in Local-area-enhanced, high-resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of mineral districts in Afghanistan. For more information, see: Data Series 709.","usgsCitation":"Davis, P.A., Cagney, L.E., Arko, S.A., and Harbin, M., 2012, Local-area-enhanced, 2.5-meter resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of the Tourmaline mineral district in Afghanistan: Chapter J in Local-area-enhanced, high-resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of mineral districts in Afghanistan: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 709, Readme; 2 Maps: 11 x 8.5 inches and 26.58 x 24.67 inches; 8 Image Files; 8 Metadata Files; Shapefiles; DS 709, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds709J.","productDescription":"Readme; 2 Maps: 11 x 8.5 inches and 26.58 x 24.67 inches; 8 Image Files; 8 Metadata Files; Shapefiles; DS 709","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2006-01-24","costCenters":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":265351,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_709_j.jpg"},{"id":265344,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/j/index_maps/Tourmaline_Area-of-Interest_Index_Map.pdf"},{"id":265345,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/j/index_maps/Tourmaline_Image_Index_Map.pdf"},{"id":265346,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/j/index_maps/index_maps.html"},{"id":265347,"type":{"id":14,"text":"Image"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/j/image_files/image_files.html"},{"id":265348,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/j/metadata/metadata.html"},{"id":265349,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/j/shapefiles/shapefiles.html"},{"id":265350,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/index.html"},{"id":265342,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/j/"},{"id":265343,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/j/1_readme.txt"}],"country":"Afghanistan","state":"Farah;Herat","otherGeospatial":"Tourmaline Mineral District","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 61.5,32.8 ], [ 61.5,33.25 ], [ 62.0,33.25 ], [ 62.0,32.8 ], [ 61.5,32.8 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50ebee6de4b07f1501afcfbc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davis, Philip A. pdavis@usgs.gov","contributorId":692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"Philip","email":"pdavis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":471481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cagney, Laura E. 0000-0003-3282-2458 lcagney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3282-2458","contributorId":4744,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cagney","given":"Laura","email":"lcagney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Arko, Scott A.","contributorId":101929,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arko","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Harbin, Michelle L.","contributorId":20590,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harbin","given":"Michelle L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70042404,"text":"ds709I - 2012 - Local-area-enhanced, 2.5-meter resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of the Dusar-Shaida mineral district in Afghanistan: Chapter I in Local-area-enhanced, high-resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of mineral districts in Afghanistan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-01T11:13:56","indexId":"ds709I","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"709","chapter":"I","title":"Local-area-enhanced, 2.5-meter resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of the Dusar-Shaida mineral district in Afghanistan: Chapter I in Local-area-enhanced, high-resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of mineral districts in Afghanistan","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Defense Task Force for Business and Stability Operations, prepared databases for mineral-resource target areas in Afghanistan. The purpose of the databases is to (1) provide useful data to ground-survey crews for use in performing detailed assessments of the areas and (2) provide useful information to private investors who are considering investment in a particular area for development of its natural resources. The set of satellite-image mosaics provided in this Data Series (DS) is one such database. Although airborne digital color-infrared imagery was acquired for parts of Afghanistan in 2006, the image data have radiometric variations that preclude their use in creating a consistent image mosaic for geologic analysis. Consequently, image mosaics were created using ALOS (Advanced Land Observation Satellite; renamed Daichi) satellite images, whose radiometry has been well determined (Saunier, 2007a,b). This part of the DS consists of the locally enhanced ALOS image mosaics for the Dusar-Shaida mineral district, which has copper and tin deposits. ALOS was launched on January 24, 2006, and provides multispectral images from the AVNIR (Advanced Visible and Near-Infrared Radiometer) sensor in blue (420–500 nanometer, nm), green (520–600 nm), red (610–690 nm), and near-infrared (760–890 nm) wavelength bands with an 8-bit dynamic range and a 10-meter (m) ground resolution. The satellite also provides a panchromatic band image from the PRISM (Panchromatic Remote-sensing Instrument for Stereo Mapping) sensor (520–770 nm) with the same dynamic range but a 2.5-m ground resolution. The image products in this DS incorporate copyrighted data provided by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (©JAXA,2008), but the image processing has altered the original pixel structure and all image values of the JAXA ALOS data, such that original image values cannot be recreated from this DS. As such, the DS products match JAXA criteria for value added products, which are not copyrighted, according to the ALOS end-user license agreement. The selection criteria for the satellite imagery used in our mosaics were images having (1) the highest solar-elevation angles (near summer solstice) and (2) the least cloud, cloud-shadow, and snow cover. The multispectral and panchromatic data were orthorectified with ALOS satellite ephemeris data, a process which is not as accurate as orthorectification using digital elevation models (DEMs); however, the ALOS processing center did not have a precise DEM. As a result, the multispectral and panchromatic image pairs were generally not well registered to the surface and not coregistered well enough to perform resolution enhancement on the multispectral data. For this particular area, PRISM image orthorectification was performed by the Alaska Satellite Facility, applying its photogrammetric software to PRISM stereo images with vertical control points obtained from the digital elevation database produced by the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (Farr and others, 2007) and horizontal adjustments based on a controlled Landsat image base (Davis, 2006). The 10-m AVNIR multispectral imagery was then coregistered to the orthorectified PRISM images and individual multispectral and panchromatic images were mosaicked into single images of the entire area of interest. The image coregistration was facilitated using an automated control-point algorithm developed by the USGS that allows image coregistration to within one picture element. Before rectification, the multispectral and panchromatic images were converted to radiance values and then to relative-reflectance values using the methods described in Davis (2006). Mosaicking the multispectral or panchromatic images started with the image with the highest sun-elevation angle and the least atmospheric scattering, which was treated as the standard image. The band-reflectance values of all other multispectral or panchromatic images within the area were sequentially adjusted to that of the standard image by determining band-reflectance correspondence between overlapping images using linear least-squares analysis. The resolution of the multispectral image mosaic was then increased to that of the panchromatic image mosaic using the SPARKLE logic, which is described in Davis (2006). Each of the four-band images within the resolution-enhanced image mosaic was individually subjected to a local-area histogram stretch algorithm (described in Davis, 2007), which stretches each band’ picture element based on the digital values of all picture elements within a 315-m radius. The final databases, which are provided in this DS, are three-band, color-composite images of the local-area-enhanced, natural-color data (the blue, green, and red wavelength bands) and color-infrared data (the green, red, and near-infrared wavelength bands). All image data were initially projected and maintained in Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) map projection using the target area’ local zone (41 for Dusar-Shaida) and the WGS84 datum. The final image mosaics were subdivided into eight overlapping tiles or quadrants because of the large size of the target area. The eight image tiles (or quadrants) for the Dusar-Shaida area are provided as embedded geotiff images, which can be read and used by most geographic information system (GIS) and image-processing software. The tiff world files (tfw) are provided, even though they are generally not needed for most software to read an embedded geotiff image. Within the Dusar-Shaida study area, three subareas were designated for detailed field investigations (that is, the Dahana-Misgaran, Kaftar VMS, and Shaida subareas); these subareas were extracted from the area’ image mosaic and are provided as separate embedded geotiff images.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Local-area-enhanced, high-resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of mineral districts in Afghanistan (DS 709)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds709I","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Defense Task Force for Business and Stability Operations and the Afghanistan Geological Survey. This report is Chapter I in Local-area-enhanced, high-resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of mineral districts in Afghanistan. For more information, see: Data Series 709.","usgsCitation":"Davis, P.A., Arko, S.A., and Harbin, M., 2012, Local-area-enhanced, 2.5-meter resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of the Dusar-Shaida mineral district in Afghanistan: Chapter I in Local-area-enhanced, high-resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of mineral districts in Afghanistan: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 709, Readme; 3 Maps: 11 x 8.5 inches and 63.42 x 42.75 inches; 28 Image Files; 28 Metadata Files; Shapefiles; DS 709, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds709I.","productDescription":"Readme; 3 Maps: 11 x 8.5 inches and 63.42 x 42.75 inches; 28 Image Files; 28 Metadata Files; Shapefiles; DS 709","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2006-01-24","costCenters":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":265341,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_709_i.jpg"},{"id":265333,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/i/index_maps/Dusar-Shaida_Area-of-Interest_Index_Map.pdf"},{"id":265334,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/i/index_maps/Dusar-Shaida_Image_Index_Map.pdf"},{"id":265335,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/i/index_maps/Dusar-Shaida_Subarea_Image_Index_Map.pdf"},{"id":265338,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/i/metadata/metadata.html"},{"id":265339,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/i/shapefiles/shapefiles.html"},{"id":265336,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/i/index_maps/index_maps.html"},{"id":265337,"type":{"id":14,"text":"Image"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/i/image_files/image_files.html"},{"id":265340,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/index.html"},{"id":265331,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/i/"},{"id":265332,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/i/1_readme.txt"}],"country":"Afghanistan","state":"Farah;Herat","otherGeospatial":"Dusar-shaida Mineral District","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 61.0,33.2 ], [ 61.0,34.0 ], [ 62.5,34.0 ], [ 62.5,33.2 ], [ 61.0,33.2 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50ebee6be4b07f1501afcfb0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davis, Philip A. pdavis@usgs.gov","contributorId":692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"Philip","email":"pdavis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":471470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Arko, Scott A.","contributorId":101929,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arko","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harbin, Michelle L.","contributorId":20590,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harbin","given":"Michelle L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70042403,"text":"ds709H - 2012 - Local-area-enhanced, 2.5-meter resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of the Kundalyan mineral district in Afghanistan: Chapter H in Local-area-enhanced, high-resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of mineral districts in Afghanistan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-01T11:12:57","indexId":"ds709H","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"709","chapter":"H","title":"Local-area-enhanced, 2.5-meter resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of the Kundalyan mineral district in Afghanistan: Chapter H in Local-area-enhanced, high-resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of mineral districts in Afghanistan","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Defense Task Force for Business and Stability Operations, prepared databases for mineral-resource target areas in Afghanistan. The purpose of the databases is to (1) provide useful data to ground-survey crews for use in performing detailed assessments of the areas and (2) provide useful information to private investors who are considering investment in a particular area for development of its natural resources. The set of satellite-image mosaics provided in this Data Series (DS) is one such database. Although airborne digital color-infrared imagery was acquired for parts of Afghanistan in 2006, the image data have radiometric variations that preclude their use in creating a consistent image mosaic for geologic analysis. Consequently, image mosaics were created using ALOS (Advanced Land Observation Satellite; renamed Daichi) satellite images, whose radiometry has been well determined (Saunier, 2007a,b). This part of the DS consists of the locally enhanced ALOS image mosaics for the Kundalyan mineral district, which has porphyry copper and gold deposits. ALOS was launched on January 24, 2006, and provides multispectral images from the AVNIR (Advanced Visible and Near-Infrared Radiometer) sensor in blue (420–500 nanometer, nm), green (520–600 nm), red (610–690 nm), and near-infrared (760–890 nm) wavelength bands with an 8-bit dynamic range and a 10-meter (m) ground resolution. The satellite also provides a panchromatic band image from the PRISM (Panchromatic Remote-sensing Instrument for Stereo Mapping) sensor (520–770 nm) with the same dynamic range but a 2.5-m ground resolution. The image products in this DS incorporate copyrighted data provided by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (©JAXA,2008), but the image processing has altered the original pixel structure and all image values of the JAXA ALOS data, such that original image values cannot be recreated from this DS. As such, the DS products match JAXA criteria for value added products, which are not copyrighted, according to the ALOS end-user license agreement. The selection criteria for the satellite imagery used in our mosaics were images having (1) the highest solar-elevation angles (near summer solstice) and (2) the least cloud, cloud-shadow, and snow cover. The multispectral and panchromatic data were orthorectified with ALOS satellite ephemeris data, a process which is not as accurate as orthorectification using digital elevation models (DEMs); however, the ALOS processing center did not have a precise DEM. As a result, the multispectral and panchromatic image pairs were generally not well registered to the surface and not coregistered well enough to perform resolution enhancement on the multispectral data. For this particular area, PRISM image orthorectification was performed by the Alaska Satellite Facility, applying its photogrammetric software to PRISM stereo images with vertical control points obtained from the digital elevation database produced by the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (Farr and others, 2007) and horizontal adjustments based on a controlled Landsat image base (Davis, 2006). The 10-m AVNIR multispectral imagery was then coregistered to the orthorectified PRISM images and individual multispectral and panchromatic images were mosaicked into single images of the entire area of interest. The image coregistration was facilitated using an automated control-point algorithm developed by the USGS that allows image coregistration to within one picture element. Before rectification, the multispectral and panchromatic images were converted to radiance values and then to relative-reflectance values using the methods described in Davis (2006). Mosaicking the multispectral or panchromatic images started with the image with the highest sun-elevation angle and the least atmospheric scattering, which was treated as the standard image. The band-reflectance values of all other multispectral or panchromatic images within the area were sequentially adjusted to that of the standard image by determining band-reflectance correspondence between overlapping images using linear least-squares analysis. The resolution of the multispectral image mosaic was then increased to that of the panchromatic image mosaic using the SPARKLE logic, which is described in Davis (2006). Each of the four-band images within the resolution-enhanced image mosaic was individually subjected to a local-area histogram stretch algorithm (described in Davis, 2007), which stretches each band’s picture element based on the digital values of all picture elements within a 500-m radius. The final databases, which are provided in this DS, are three-band, color-composite images of the local-area-enhanced, natural-color data (the blue, green, and red wavelength bands) and color-infrared data (the green, red, and near-infrared wavelength bands). All image data were initially projected and maintained in Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) map projection using the target area’s local zone (42 for Kundalyan) and the WGS84 datum. The final image mosaics were subdivided into five overlapping tiles or quadrants because of the large size of the target area. The five image tiles (or quadrants) for the Kundalyan area are provided as embedded geotiff images, which can be read and used by most geographic information system (GIS) and image-processing software. The tiff world files (tfw) are provided, even though they are generally not needed for most software to read an embedded geotiff image. Within the Kundalyan study area, three subareas were designated for detailed field investigations (that is, the Baghawan-Garangh, Charsu-Ghumbad, and Kunag Skarn subareas); these subareas were extracted from the area’s image mosaic and are provided as separate embedded geotiff images.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Local-area-enhanced, high-resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of mineral districts in Afghanistan (DS 709)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds709H","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Defense Task Force for Business and Stability Operations and the Afghanistan Geological Survey. This report is Chapter H in Local-area-enhanced, high-resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of mineral districts in Afghanistan. For more information, see: Data Series 709.","usgsCitation":"Davis, P.A., Cagney, L.E., Arko, S.A., and Harbin, M., 2012, Local-area-enhanced, 2.5-meter resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of the Kundalyan mineral district in Afghanistan: Chapter H in Local-area-enhanced, high-resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of mineral districts in Afghanistan: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 709, Readme; 3 Maps: 11 x 8.5 inches and 41.22 x 49.43 inches; 16 Image Files; 16 Metadata Files; Shapefiles; DS 709, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds709H.","productDescription":"Readme; 3 Maps: 11 x 8.5 inches and 41.22 x 49.43 inches; 16 Image Files; 16 Metadata Files; Shapefiles; DS 709","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2006-01-24","costCenters":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":265330,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_709_h.jpg"},{"id":265320,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/h/"},{"id":265321,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/h/1_readme.txt"},{"id":265322,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/h/index_maps/Kundalyan_Area-of-Interest_Index_Map.pdf"},{"id":265323,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/h/index_maps/Kundalyan_Image_Index_Map.pdf"},{"id":265324,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/h/index_maps/Kundalyan_Subarea_Image_Index_Map.pdf"},{"id":265325,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/h/index_maps/index_maps.html"},{"id":265326,"type":{"id":14,"text":"Image"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/h/image_files/image_files.html"},{"id":265327,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/h/metadata/metadata.html"},{"id":265328,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/h/shapefiles/shapefiles.html"},{"id":265329,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/"}],"country":"Afghanistan","otherGeospatial":"Kundalyan Mineral District","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 66.0,31.75 ], [ 66.0,33.0 ], [ 67.0,33.0 ], [ 67.0,31.75 ], [ 66.0,31.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50ebee6de4b07f1501afcfb8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davis, Philip A. pdavis@usgs.gov","contributorId":692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"Philip","email":"pdavis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":471466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cagney, Laura E. 0000-0003-3282-2458 lcagney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3282-2458","contributorId":4744,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cagney","given":"Laura","email":"lcagney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Arko, Scott A.","contributorId":101929,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arko","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Harbin, Michelle L.","contributorId":20590,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harbin","given":"Michelle L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70042372,"text":"ds709G - 2012 - Local-area-enhanced, 2.5-meter resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of the Zarkashan mineral district in Afghanistan: Chapter G in Local-area-enhanced, high-resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of mineral districts in Afghanistan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-01T11:10:42","indexId":"ds709G","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"709","chapter":"G","title":"Local-area-enhanced, 2.5-meter resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of the Zarkashan mineral district in Afghanistan: Chapter G in Local-area-enhanced, high-resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of mineral districts in Afghanistan","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Defense Task Force for Business and Stability Operations, prepared databases for mineral-resource target areas in Afghanistan. The purpose of the databases is to (1) provide useful data to ground-survey crews for use in performing detailed assessments of the areas and (2) provide useful information to private investors who are considering investment in a particular area for development of its natural resources. The set of satellite-image mosaics provided in this Data Series (DS) is one such database. Although airborne digital color-infrared imagery was acquired for parts of Afghanistan in 2006, the image data have radiometric variations that preclude their use in creating a consistent image mosaic for geologic analysis. Consequently, image mosaics were created using ALOS (Advanced Land Observation Satellite; renamed Daichi) satellite images, whose radiometry has been well determined (Saunier, 2007a,b). This part of the DS consists of the locally enhanced ALOS image mosaics for the Zarkashan mineral district, which has copper and gold deposits. ALOS was launched on January 24, 2006, and provides multispectral images from the AVNIR (Advanced Visible and Near-Infrared Radiometer) sensor in blue (420–500 nanometer, nm), green (520–600 nm), red (610–690 nm), and near-infrared (760–890 nm) wavelength bands with an 8-bit dynamic range and a 10-meter (m) ground resolution. The satellite also provides a panchromatic band image from the PRISM (Panchromatic Remote-sensing Instrument for Stereo Mapping) sensor (520–770 nm) with the same dynamic range but a 2.5-m ground resolution. The image products in this DS incorporate copyrighted data provided by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (©JAXA,2006,2007, 2008), but the image processing has altered the original pixel structure and all image values of the JAXA ALOS data, such that original image values cannot be recreated from this DS. As such, the DS products match JAXA criteria for value added products, which are not copyrighted, according to the ALOS end-user license agreement. The selection criteria for the satellite imagery used in our mosaics were images having (1) the highest solar-elevation angles (near summer solstice) and (2) the least cloud, cloud-shadow, and snow cover. The multispectral and panchromatic data were orthorectified with ALOS satellite ephemeris data, a process which is not as accurate as orthorectification using digital elevation models (DEMs); however, the ALOS processing center did not have a precise DEM. As a result, the multispectral and panchromatic image pairs were generally not well registered to the surface and not coregistered well enough to perform resolution enhancement on the multispectral data. Therefore, it was necessary to (1) register the 10-m AVNIR multispectral imagery to a well-controlled Landsat image base, (2) mosaic the individual multispectral images into a single image of the entire area of interest, (3) register each panchromatic image to the registered multispectral image base, and (4) mosaic the individual panchromatic images into a single image of the entire area of interest. The two image-registration steps were facilitated using an automated control-point algorithm developed by the USGS that allows image coregistration to within one picture element. Before rectification, the multispectral and panchromatic images were converted to radiance values and then to relative-reflectance values using the methods described in Davis (2006). Mosaicking the multispectral or panchromatic images started with the image with the highest sun-elevation angle and the least atmospheric scattering, which was treated as the standard image. The band-reflectance values of all other multispectral or panchromatic images within the area were sequentially adjusted to that of the standard image by determining band-reflectance correspondence between overlapping images using linear least-squares analysis. The resolution of the multispectral image mosaic was then increased to that of the panchromatic image mosaic using the SPARKLE logic, which is described in Davis (2006). Each of the four-band images within the resolution-enhanced image mosaic was individually subjected to a local-area histogram stretch algorithm (described in Davis, 2007), which stretches each band’s picture element based on the digital values of all picture elements within a 315-m radius. The final databases, which are provided in this DS, are three-band, color-composite images of the local-area-enhanced, natural-color data (the blue, green, and red wavelength bands) and color-infrared data (the green, red, and near-infrared wavelength bands). All image data were initially projected and maintained in Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) map projection using the target area’s local zone (42 for Zarkashan) and the WGS84 datum. The final image mosaics were subdivided into two overlapping tiles or quadrants because of the large size of the target area. The two image tiles (or quadrants) for the Zarkashan area are provided as embedded geotiff images, which can be read and used by most geographic information system (GIS) and image-processing software. The tiff world files (tfw) are provided, even though they are generally not needed for most software to read an embedded geotiff image. Within the Zarkashan study area, three subareas were designated for detailed field investigations (that is, the Mine Area, Bolo Gold Prospect, and Luman-Tamaki Gold Prospect subareas); these subareas were extracted from the area’s image mosaic and are provided as separate embedded geotiff images.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Local-area-enhanced, high-resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of mineral districts in Afghanistan (DS 709)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds709G","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Defense Task Force for Business and Stability Operations and the Afghanistan Geological Survey. This report is Chapter G in Local-area-enhanced, high-resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of mineral districts in Afghanistan. For more information, see: Data Series 709.","usgsCitation":"Davis, P.A., and Cagney, L.E., 2012, Local-area-enhanced, 2.5-meter resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of the Zarkashan mineral district in Afghanistan: Chapter G in Local-area-enhanced, high-resolution natural-color and color-infrared satellite-image mosaics of mineral districts in Afghanistan: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 709, Readme; 2 Maps: 11 x 8.5 inches and 37.63 x 40.38 inches; 10 Images; 10 Metadata Files; Shapefiles; DS 709, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds709G.","productDescription":"Readme; 2 Maps: 11 x 8.5 inches and 37.63 x 40.38 inches; 10 Images; 10 Metadata Files; Shapefiles; DS 709","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":265290,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":265281,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/g/"},{"id":265283,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/g/index_maps/Zarkashan_Area-of-Interest_Index_Map.pdf"},{"id":265282,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/g/1_readme.txt"},{"id":265284,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/g/index_maps/Zarkashan_Image_Index_Map.pdf"},{"id":265285,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/g/index_maps/index_maps.html"},{"id":265286,"type":{"id":14,"text":"Image"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/g/image_files/image_files.html"},{"id":265287,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/g/metadata/metadata.html"},{"id":265288,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/g/shapefiles/shapefiles.html"},{"id":265289,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/709/index.html"}],"country":"Afghanistan","otherGeospatial":"Zarkashan Mineral District","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 67.0,32.5 ], [ 67.0,33.5 ], [ 68.0,33.5 ], [ 68.0,32.5 ], [ 67.0,32.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e7f9ede4b033ce2d2433ed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davis, Philip A. pdavis@usgs.gov","contributorId":692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"Philip","email":"pdavis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":471401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cagney, Laura E. 0000-0003-3282-2458 lcagney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3282-2458","contributorId":4744,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cagney","given":"Laura","email":"lcagney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70043291,"text":"70043291 - 2012 - Estimating aboveground biomass in interior Alaska with Landsat data and field measurements","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-14T08:49:48","indexId":"70043291","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2027,"text":"International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating aboveground biomass in interior Alaska with Landsat data and field measurements","docAbstract":"Terrestrial plant biomass is a key biophysical parameter required for understanding ecological systems in Alaska. An accurate estimation of biomass at a regional scale provides an important data input for ecological modeling in this region. In this study, we created an aboveground biomass (AGB) map at 30-m resolution for the Yukon Flats ecoregion of interior Alaska using Landsat data and field measurements. Tree, shrub, and herbaceous AGB data in both live and dead forms were collected in summers and autumns of 2009 and 2010. Using the Landsat-derived spectral variables and the field AGB data, we generated a regression model and applied this model to map AGB for the ecoregion. A 3-fold cross-validation indicated that the AGB estimates had a mean absolute error of 21.8 Mg/ha and a mean bias error of 5.2 Mg/ha. Additionally, we validated the mapping results using an airborne lidar dataset acquired for a portion of the ecoregion. We found a significant relationship between the lidar-derived canopy height and the Landsat-derived AGB (R2 = 0.40). The AGB map showed that 90% of the ecoregion had AGB values ranging from 10 Mg/ha to 134 Mg/ha. Vegetation types and fires were the primary factors controlling the spatial AGB patterns in this ecoregion.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jag.2012.03.019","usgsCitation":"Ji, L., Wylie, B.K., Nossov, D.R., Peterson, B.E., Waldrop, M.P., McFarland, J.W., Rover, J.R., and Hollingsworth, T.N., 2012, Estimating aboveground biomass in interior Alaska with Landsat data and field measurements: International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, v. 18, p. 451-461, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2012.03.019.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"451","endPage":"461","ipdsId":"IP-028810","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":272197,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":272196,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2012.03.019"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 172.5,51.2 ], [ 172.5,71.4 ], [ -130.0,71.4 ], [ -130.0,51.2 ], [ 172.5,51.2 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"18","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd57f6e4b0b290850f7cba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ji, Lei 0000-0002-6133-1036 lji@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6133-1036","contributorId":2832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ji","given":"Lei","email":"lji@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":473303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wylie, Bruce K. 0000-0002-7374-1083 wylie@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7374-1083","contributorId":750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wylie","given":"Bruce","email":"wylie@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nossov, Dana R.","contributorId":75833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nossov","given":"Dana","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Peterson, Birgit E. 0000-0002-4356-1540 bpeterson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4356-1540","contributorId":3599,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"Birgit","email":"bpeterson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":473305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Waldrop, Mark P. 0000-0003-1829-7140 mwaldrop@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1829-7140","contributorId":1599,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waldrop","given":"Mark","email":"mwaldrop@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"McFarland, Jack W. 0000-0001-9672-8597 jmcfarland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9672-8597","contributorId":5238,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McFarland","given":"Jack","email":"jmcfarland@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Rover, Jennifer R. 0000-0002-3437-4030 jrover@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3437-4030","contributorId":2941,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rover","given":"Jennifer","email":"jrover@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hollingsworth, Teresa N.","contributorId":19016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hollingsworth","given":"Teresa","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70173626,"text":"70173626 - 2012 - High-frequency remote monitoring of large lakes with MODIS 500 m imagery","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-09T15:03:06","indexId":"70173626","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"High-frequency remote monitoring of large lakes with MODIS 500 m imagery","docAbstract":"Satellite-based remote monitoring programs of regional lake water quality largely have relied on Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) owing to its long image archive, moderate spatial resolution (30 m), and wide sensitivity in the visible portion of the electromagnetic spectrum, despite some notable limitations such as temporal resolution (i.e., 16 days), data pre-processing requirements to improve data quality, and aging satellites. Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensors on Aqua/Terra platforms compensate for these shortcomings, although at the expense of spatial resolution. We developed and evaluated a remote monitoring protocol for water clarity of large lakes using MODIS 500 m data and compared MODIS utility to Landsat-based methods. MODIS images captured during May–September 2001, 2004 and 2010 were analyzed with linear regression to identify the relationship between lake water clarity and satellite-measured surface reflectance. Correlations were strong (R² = 0.72–0.94) throughout the study period; however, they were the most consistent in August, reflecting seasonally unstable lake conditions and inter-annual differences in algal productivity during the other months. The utility of MODIS data in remote water quality estimation lies in intra-annual monitoring of lake water clarity in inaccessible, large lakes, whereas Landsat is more appropriate for inter-annual, regional trend analyses of lakes ≥ 8 ha. Model accuracy is improved when ancillary variables are included to reflect seasonal lake dynamics and weather patterns that influence lake clarity. The identification of landscape-scale drivers of regional water quality is a useful way to supplement satellite-based remote monitoring programs relying on spectral data alone.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.rse.2012.05.018","usgsCitation":"McCullough, I.M., Loftin, C., and Sader, S., 2012, High-frequency remote monitoring of large lakes with MODIS 500 m imagery: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 124, p. 234-241, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2012.05.018.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"234","endPage":"241","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-034387","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":323408,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"124","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"575a9332e4b04f417c275151","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCullough, Ian M.","contributorId":149952,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McCullough","given":"Ian","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":637418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Loftin, Cynthia S. 0000-0001-9104-3724 cyndy_loftin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9104-3724","contributorId":2167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loftin","given":"Cynthia S.","email":"cyndy_loftin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":637417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sader, Steven A.","contributorId":112282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sader","given":"Steven A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":637419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70043219,"text":"70043219 - 2012 - Complementarity of ResourceSat-1 AWiFS and Landsat TM/ETM+ sensors","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-21T19:19:41","indexId":"70043219","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Complementarity of ResourceSat-1 AWiFS and Landsat TM/ETM+ sensors","docAbstract":"Considerable interest has been given to forming an international collaboration to develop a virtual moderate spatial resolution land observation constellation through aggregation of data sets from comparable national observatories such as the US Landsat, the Indian ResourceSat and related systems. This study explores the complementarity of India's ResourceSat-1 Advanced Wide Field Sensor (AWiFS) with the Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM) and Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+). The analysis focuses on the comparative radiometry, geometry, and spectral properties of the two sensors. Two applied assessments of these data are also explored to examine the strengths and limitations of these alternate sources of moderate resolution land imagery with specific application domains. There are significant technical differences in these imaging systems including spectral band response, pixel dimensions, swath width, and radiometric resolution which produce differences in observation data sets. None of these differences was found to strongly limit comparable analyses in agricultural and forestry applications. Overall, we found that the AWiFS and Landsat TM/ETM+ imagery are comparable and in some ways complementary, particularly with respect to temporal repeat frequency. We have found that there are limits to our understanding of the AWiFS performance, for example, multi-camera design and stability of radiometric calibration over time, that leave some uncertainty that has been better addressed for Landsat through the Image Assessment System and related cross-sensor calibration studies. Such work still needs to be undertaken for AWiFS and similar observatories that may play roles in the Global Earth Observation System of Systems Land Surface Imaging Constellation.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Remote Sensing of Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.rse.2012.03.002","usgsCitation":"Goward, S., Chander, G., Pagnutti, M., Marx, A., Ryan, R., Thomas, N., and Tetrault, R., 2012, Complementarity of ResourceSat-1 AWiFS and Landsat TM/ETM+ sensors: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 123, p. 41-56, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2012.03.002.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"41","endPage":"56","ipdsId":"IP-036720","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271321,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":271320,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2012.03.002"}],"volume":"123","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51751746e4b074c2b05564a3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goward, S.N.","contributorId":94514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goward","given":"S.N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chander, G.","contributorId":51449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chander","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pagnutti, M.","contributorId":69874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pagnutti","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Marx, A.","contributorId":104798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marx","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ryan, R.","contributorId":85765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryan","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Thomas, N.","contributorId":72490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Tetrault, R.","contributorId":103956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tetrault","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70042085,"text":"70042085 - 2012 - Radiometric calibration of the Landsat MSS sensor series","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-12T14:32:05","indexId":"70042085","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1944,"text":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Radiometric calibration of the Landsat MSS sensor series","docAbstract":"Multispectral remote sensing of the Earth using Landsat sensors was ushered on July 23, 1972, with the launch of Landsat-1. Following that success, four more Landsat satellites were launched, and each of these carried the Multispectral Scanner System (MSS). These five sensors provided the only consistent multispectral space-based imagery of the Earth's surface from 1972 to 1982. This work focuses on developing both a consistent and absolute radiometric calibration of this sensor system. Cross-calibration of the MSS was performed through the use of pseudoinvariant calibration sites (PICSs). Since these sites have been shown to be stable for long periods of time, changes in MSS observations of these sites were attributed to changes in the sensors themselves. In addition, simultaneous data collections were available for some MSS sensor pairs, and these were also used for cross-calibration. Results indicated substantial differences existed between instruments, up to 16%, and these were reduced to 5% or less across all MSS sensors and bands. Lastly, this paper takes the calibration through the final step and places the MSS sensors on an absolute radiometric scale. The methodology used to achieve this was based on simultaneous data collections by the Landsat-5 MSS and Thematic Mapper (TM) instruments. Through analysis of image data from a PICS location and through compensating for the spectral differences between the two instruments, the Landsat-5 MSS sensor was placed on an absolute radiometric scale based on the Landsat-5 TM sensor. Uncertainties associated with this calibration are considered to be less than 5%.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"IEEE","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1109/TGRS.2011.2171351","usgsCitation":"Helder, D.L., Karki, S., Bhatt, R., Micijevik, E., Aaron, D., and Jasinski, B., 2012, Radiometric calibration of the Landsat MSS sensor series: IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, v. 50, no. 6, p. 2380-2399, https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2011.2171351.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"2380","endPage":"2399","ipdsId":"IP-030742","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":269169,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269167,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2011.2171351"}],"volume":"50","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51404e8ee4b089809dbf44ce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Helder, Dennis L.","contributorId":105613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helder","given":"Dennis","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Karki, Sadhana","contributorId":64966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karki","given":"Sadhana","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bhatt, Rajendra","contributorId":95768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bhatt","given":"Rajendra","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Micijevik, Esad 0000-0002-3828-9239","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3828-9239","contributorId":107995,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Micijevik","given":"Esad","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Aaron, David","contributorId":83809,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Aaron","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":5089,"text":"South Dakota State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":470752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jasinski, Benjamin","contributorId":31274,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jasinski","given":"Benjamin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70040456,"text":"70040456 - 2012 - A tale of two land uses in the American West: rural residential growth and energy development","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-18T16:58:21","indexId":"70040456","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2375,"text":"Journal of Maps","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A tale of two land uses in the American West: rural residential growth and energy development","docAbstract":"This paper describes a spatiotemporal land use map for a rural county in the western United States. Sublette County, Wyoming has undergone recent land use change in the form of heightened rural residential development on private land and increased energy development on both public and private land. In this study we integrate energy production data, population census data, ownership parcel data, and a series of Landsat Thematic Mapper and Enhanced Thematic Mapper scenes (over a 25-year period) to create a map that illustrates the changing landscape. Spatial change on the landscape is mapped at 30 square meters, congruent with a Landsat pixel. Sublette County has a wealth of wildlife and associated habitat which is affected by both types of growth. While we do not attempt to quantify the effect of disturbance on wildlife species, we believe our results can provide important baseline data that can be incorporated into land use planning and ecological-wildlife research at the landscape scale.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Maps","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","publisherLocation":"Philadelphia, PA","doi":"10.1080/17445647.2012.745381","usgsCitation":"Assal, T.J., and Montag, J.M., 2012, A tale of two land uses in the American West: rural residential growth and energy development: Journal of Maps, v. 8, no. 4, p. 327-333, https://doi.org/10.1080/17445647.2012.745381.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"327","endPage":"333","ipdsId":"IP-041648","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":269682,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269681,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17445647.2012.745381"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 172.5,18.9 ], [ 172.5,71.4 ], [ -66.9,71.4 ], [ -66.9,18.9 ], [ 172.5,18.9 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"8","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-11-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51483763e4b022dd171afdbf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Assal, Timothy J. 0000-0001-6342-2954 assalt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6342-2954","contributorId":2203,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Assal","given":"Timothy","email":"assalt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Montag, Jessica M.","contributorId":105007,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Montag","given":"Jessica","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70043151,"text":"70043151 - 2012 - Landsat-7 ETM+: 12 years on-orbit reflective-band radiometric performance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-10T15:49:55","indexId":"70043151","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1944,"text":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Landsat-7 ETM+: 12 years on-orbit reflective-band radiometric performance","docAbstract":"The Landsat-7 ETM+ sensor has been operating on orbit for more than 12 years, and characterizations of its performance have been ongoing over this period. In general, the radiometric performance of the instrument has been remarkably stable: 1) noise performance has degraded by 2% or less overall, with a few detectors displaying step changes in noise of 2% or less; 2) coherent noise frequencies and magnitudes have generally been stable, though the within-scan amplitude variation of the 20 kHz noise in bands 1 and 8 disappeared with the failure of the scan line corrector and a new similar frequency noise (now about 18 kHz) has appeared in two detectors in band 5 and increased in magnitude with time; 3) bias stability has been better than 0.25 DN out of a normal value of 15 DN in high gain; 4) relative gains, the differences in response between the detectors in the band, have generally changed by 0.1% or less over the mission, with the exception of a few detectors with a step response change of 1% or less; and 5) gain stability averaged across all detectors in a band, which is related to the stability of the absolute calibration, has been more stable than the techniques used to measure it. Due to the inability to confirm changes in the gain (beyond a few detectors that have been corrected back to the band average), ETM+ reflective band data continues to be calibrated with the prelaunch measured gains. In the worst case, some bands may have changed as much as 2% in uncompensated absolute calibration over the 12 years.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"IEEE","doi":"10.1109/TGRS.2011.2169803","usgsCitation":"Markham, B.L., Haque, M., Barsi, J., Micijevic, E., Helder, D., Thome, K.J., Aaron, D., and Czapla-Myers, J.S., 2012, Landsat-7 ETM+: 12 years on-orbit reflective-band radiometric performance: IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, v. 50, no. 5, p. 2056-2062, https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2011.2169803.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"2056","endPage":"2062","ipdsId":"IP-030601","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474160,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20110022534","text":"External Repository"},{"id":274020,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":274019,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2011.2169803"}],"volume":"50","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51c42461e4b03c77dce65a55","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Markham, B. L.","contributorId":88872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Markham","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haque, M.O. 0000-0002-0914-1446","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0914-1446","contributorId":73087,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haque","given":"M.O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barsi, J. A.","contributorId":24085,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barsi","given":"J. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Micijevic, E. 0000-0002-3828-9239","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3828-9239","contributorId":59939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Micijevic","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Helder, D. L. 0000-0002-7379-4679","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7379-4679","contributorId":51496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helder","given":"D. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Thome, K. J.","contributorId":88099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thome","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Aaron, David","contributorId":83809,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Aaron","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":5089,"text":"South Dakota State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":473052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Czapla-Myers, J. S.","contributorId":101968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Czapla-Myers","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70042083,"text":"70042083 - 2012 - Landsat 4 Thematic Mapper calibration update","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-31T14:55:31.904134","indexId":"70042083","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1944,"text":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Landsat 4 Thematic Mapper calibration update","docAbstract":"The Landsat 4 Thematic Mapper (TM) collected imagery of the Earth's surface from 1982 to 1993. Although largely overshadowed by Landsat 5 which was launched in 1984, Landsat 4 TM imagery extends the TM-based record of the Earth back to 1982 and also substantially supplements the image archive collected by Landsat 5. To provide a consistent calibration record for the TM instruments, Landsat 4 TM was cross-calibrated to Landsat 5 using nearly simultaneous overpass imagery of pseudo-invariant calibration sites (PICS) in the time period of 1988-1990. To determine if the radiometric gain of Landsat 4 had changed over its lifetime, time series from two PICS locations (a Saharan site known as Libya 4 and a site in southwest North America, commonly referred to as the Sonoran Desert site) were developed. The results indicated that Landsat 4 had been very stable over its lifetime, with no discernible degradation in sensor performance in all reflective bands except band 1. In contrast, band 1 exhibited a 12% decay in responsivity over the lifetime of the instrument. Results from this paper have been implemented at USGS EROS, which enables users of Landsat TM data sets to obtain consistently calibrated data from Landsat 4 and 5 TM as well as Landsat 7 ETM+ instruments.
","language":"English","publisher":"IEEE","doi":"10.1109/TGRS.2011.2171350","usgsCitation":"Helder, D.L., Malla, R., Mettler, C.J., Markham, B.L., and Micijevic, E., 2012, Landsat 4 Thematic Mapper calibration update: IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, v. 50, no. 6, p. 2400-2408, https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2011.2171350.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"2400","endPage":"2408","temporalStart":"1982-01-01","temporalEnd":"1993-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-030741","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":381800,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"50","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50df6c31e4b0dfbe79e6c3c7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Helder, Dennis L.","contributorId":105613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helder","given":"Dennis","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Malla, Rimy","contributorId":34008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Malla","given":"Rimy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mettler, Cory J.","contributorId":45980,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mettler","given":"Cory","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Markham, Brian L.","contributorId":90482,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Markham","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":12721,"text":"NASA GSFC SSAI","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":470748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Micijevic, Esad 0000-0002-3828-9239 emicijevic@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3828-9239","contributorId":3075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Micijevic","given":"Esad","email":"emicijevic@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70042069,"text":"70042069 - 2012 - Novel approach for computing photosynthetically active radiation for productivity modeling using remotely sensed images in the Great Plains, United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-23T17:11:14","indexId":"70042069","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2172,"text":"Journal of Applied Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Novel approach for computing photosynthetically active radiation for productivity modeling using remotely sensed images in the Great Plains, United States","docAbstract":"Gross primary production (GPP) is a key indicator of ecosystem performance, and helps in many decision-making processes related to environment. We used the Eddy covariancelight use efficiency (EC-LUE) model for estimating GPP in the Great Plains, United States in order to evaluate the performance of this model. We developed a novel algorithm for computing the photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) based on net radiation. A strong correlation (R2=0.94,N=24) was found between daily PAR and Landsat-based mid-day instantaneous net radiation. Though the Moderate Resolution Spectroradiometer (MODIS) based instantaneous net radiation was in better agreement (R2=0.98,N=24) with the daily measured PAR, there was no statistical significant difference between Landsat based PAR and MODIS based PAR. The EC-LUE model validation also confirms the need to consider biological attributes (C3 versus C4 plants) for potential light use efficiency. A universal potential light use efficiency is unable to capture the spatial variation of GPP. It is necessary to use C3 versus C4 based land use/land cover map for using EC-LUE model for estimating spatiotemporal distribution of GPP.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Applied Remote Sensing","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"SPIE","publisherLocation":"Bellingham, WA","doi":"10.1117/1.JRS.6.063522","usgsCitation":"Singh, R.K., Liu, S., Tieszen, L.L., Suyker, A.E., and Verma, S., 2012, Novel approach for computing photosynthetically active radiation for productivity modeling using remotely sensed images in the Great Plains, United States: Journal of Applied Remote Sensing, v. 6, no. 1, 063522, https://doi.org/10.1117/1.JRS.6.063522.","productDescription":"063522","ipdsId":"IP-029748","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":264754,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":264753,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.JRS.6.063522"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 172.5,18.9 ], [ 172.5,71.4 ], [ -66.9,71.4 ], [ -66.9,18.9 ], [ 172.5,18.9 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"6","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e0af02e4b0fec3206ef6a3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Singh, Ramesh K. 0000-0002-8164-3483 rsingh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8164-3483","contributorId":3895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Singh","given":"Ramesh","email":"rsingh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Liu, Shu-Guang sliu@usgs.gov","contributorId":984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Shu-Guang","email":"sliu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":470729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tieszen, Larry L. tieszen@usgs.gov","contributorId":2831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tieszen","given":"Larry","email":"tieszen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":470730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Suyker, Andrew E.","contributorId":46857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Suyker","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Verma, Shashi B.","contributorId":76202,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verma","given":"Shashi B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70042065,"text":"70042065 - 2012 - Estimating seasonal evapotranspiration from temporal satellite images","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-23T22:33:39","indexId":"70042065","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2110,"text":"Irrigation Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating seasonal evapotranspiration from temporal satellite images","docAbstract":"Estimating seasonal evapotranspiration (ET) has many applications in water resources planning and management, including hydrological and ecological modeling. Availability of satellite remote sensing images is limited due to repeat cycle of satellite or cloud cover. This study was conducted to determine the suitability of different methods namely cubic spline, fixed, and linear for estimating seasonal ET from temporal remotely sensed images. Mapping Evapotranspiration at high Resolution with Internalized Calibration (METRIC) model in conjunction with the wet METRIC (wMETRIC), a modified version of the METRIC model, was used to estimate ET on the days of satellite overpass using eight Landsat images during the 2001 crop growing season in Midwest USA. The model-estimated daily ET was in good agreement (R2 = 0.91) with the eddy covariance tower-measured daily ET. The standard error of daily ET was 0.6 mm (20%) at three validation sites in Nebraska, USA. There was no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05) among the cubic spline, fixed, and linear methods for computing seasonal (July–December) ET from temporal ET estimates. Overall, the cubic spline resulted in the lowest standard error of 6 mm (1.67%) for seasonal ET. However, further testing of this method for multiple years is necessary to determine its suitability.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Irrigation Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/s00271-011-0287-z","usgsCitation":"Singh, R.K., Liu, S., Tieszen, L.L., Suyker, A.E., and Verma, S., 2012, Estimating seasonal evapotranspiration from temporal satellite images: Irrigation Science, v. 30, no. 4, p. 303-313, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00271-011-0287-z.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"303","endPage":"313","ipdsId":"IP-021931","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":264760,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":264759,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00271-011-0287-z"}],"volume":"30","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-04-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50db870de4b061270600c358","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Singh, Ramesh K. 0000-0002-8164-3483 rsingh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8164-3483","contributorId":3895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Singh","given":"Ramesh","email":"rsingh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Liu, Shu-Guang sliu@usgs.gov","contributorId":984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Shu-Guang","email":"sliu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":470724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tieszen, Larry L. tieszen@usgs.gov","contributorId":2831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tieszen","given":"Larry","email":"tieszen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":470725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Suyker, Andrew E.","contributorId":46857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Suyker","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Verma, Shashi B.","contributorId":76202,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verma","given":"Shashi B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ]}