Stream temperature controls a variety of physical and biological processes that affect ecosystems, human health, and economic activities. We used 42 years (1979–2021) of data to predict daily summary statistics of stream temperature across >50,000 stream reaches in the contiguous United States using a recurrent graph convolution network. We comprehensively documented the performance – both across all reaches and by stream type (e.g., reservoir or groundwater influence) – as a baseline for future improvement. The model showed reach-level RMSE of <2 °C with 90 % prediction intervals that contain 90.7 % of observations. We also assessed how the model captured variability in ecologically relevant metrics (e.g., R2 for annual 7-day maximum = 0.76; R2 for days exceeding 25 °C = 0.75). This model does not outperform state-of-the-art machine learning efforts (e.g., RMSE ≤1.5 °C) due to a limited input set but does provide the most spatially complete modeling to date to support water availability assessments.
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Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":948190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Oliver, Samantha K. 0000-0001-5668-1165","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5668-1165","contributorId":211886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oliver","given":"Samantha","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":948191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gorski, Galen 0000-0003-0083-4251","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0083-4251","contributorId":329714,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gorski","given":"Galen","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":948192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70271129,"text":"70271129 - 2025 - Avian influenza spillover into poultry: Environmental influences and biosecurity protections","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-28T14:54:17.55377","indexId":"70271129","displayToPublicDate":"2025-08-19T07:47:16","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":22340,"text":"One Health","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Avian influenza spillover into poultry: Environmental influences and biosecurity protections","docAbstract":"With the continued spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI), understanding the complex dynamics of virus transfer at the wild – agriculture interface is paramount. Spillover events (i.e., virus transfer from wild birds into poultry) are related to proximity to infected wild bird populations and environmental conditions. By accounting for such dynamics, we can take a combined approach to assess the impacts of biosecurity measures implemented at poultry farms while simultaneously accounting for their local risk levels. We implemented a Bayesian joint-likelihood logistic regression for the Continental U.S. comparing models of spatiotemporal risk according to land use, weather, and predicted waterfowl distributions followed by integrating a farm-level case-control questionnaire dataset focused on identifying trends in HPAI spillover risk associated with a farm's biosecurity practices. We found that estimates of waterfowl abundance, along with mean precipitation and temperature during winter, were most correlated with spatiotemporal HPAI risk. Additionally, we identified multiple biosecurity practices associated with reduced risk to HPAI, where the strongest relationships were related to litter decontamination treatments, vehicle wash stations, and avoiding shared dead-bird disposal sites with other farms. This model broadly guides surveillance of HPAI in wild and domestic populations, identifying when and where we are most likely to see increased instances of the virus while also providing insights into how poultry farms can better protect themselves from risk.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.onehlt.2025.101172","usgsCitation":"Gonnerman, M.B., Mullinax, J., Fox, A., Patyk, K.A., Fields, V., McCool, M., Torchetti, M.K., Lantz, K., Sullivan, J.D., and Prosser, D.J., 2025, Avian influenza spillover into poultry: Environmental influences and biosecurity protections: One Health, v. 21, 101172, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.onehlt.2025.101172.","productDescription":"101172, 9 p.","ipdsId":"IP-178496","costCenters":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":495069,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.onehlt.2025.101172","text":"Publisher Index 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Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3164,"text":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Landscape changes elevate the risk of avian influenza virus diversification and emergence in the East Asian–Australasian Flyway","docAbstract":"Highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIV) persistently threaten wild waterfowl, domestic poultry, and public health. The East Asian–Australasian Flyway plays a crucial role in HPAIV dynamics due to its large populations of migratory waterfowl and poultry. Over recent decades, this flyway has undergone substantial landscape changes, including both losses and gains of waterfowl habitats. These changes can affect waterfowl distributions, increase contact with poultry, and consequently alter ecological conditions that favor avian influenza virus (AIV) evolution. However, limited research has assessed these likely impacts. Here, we integrated empirical data and an individual-based model to simulate AIV transmission in migratory waterfowl and domestic poultry, including wild-to-poultry spillover and reassortment dynamics in poultry, across landscapes representing the years 2000 and 2015. We used the reassortment incidence as a proxy for ecological and transmission conditions that support viral diversification and the emergence of novel subtypes. Our simulations show that landscape change reshaped the waterfowl distribution, facilitated bird aggregation at improved habitats, increased coinfection, and raised reassortment rate by 1,593%, indicating a substantially higher potential for viral diversification and emergence. Model-generated risk maps show expanded and increased reassortment risk in southeastern China, the Yellow River Basin, and northeastern China. These findings suggest the importance of landscape change as a driver of potential AIV diversification and subtype emergence. This underscores the need for interdisciplinary approaches that integrate landscape dynamics, host movement, and viral evolution to better assess and mitigate future risk.
","language":"English","publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","doi":"10.1073/pnas.2503427122","usgsCitation":"Yin, S., Zhang, C., Teitelbaum, C.S., Si, Y., Zhang, G., Wang, X., Mao, D., Huangh, Z.Y., de Boer, W.F., Takekawa, J., Prosser, D.J., and Xiao, X., 2025, Landscape changes elevate the risk of avian influenza virus diversification and emergence in the East Asian–Australasian Flyway: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, v. 122, no. 34, e2503427122, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2503427122.","productDescription":"e2503427122, 9 p.","ipdsId":"IP-176107","costCenters":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":494467,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2503427122","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":494397,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"China, Korea, Mongolia, Russia","otherGeospatial":"East Asian–Australasian Flyway","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 75,\n 20\n ],\n [\n 175,\n 20\n ],\n [\n 175,\n 75\n ],\n [\n 75,\n 75\n ],\n [\n 75,\n 20\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"122","issue":"34","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yin, Shenglai","contributorId":223544,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yin","given":"Shenglai","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37803,"text":"Wageningen University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":946706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zhang, Chenchen","contributorId":360042,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zhang","given":"Chenchen","affiliations":[{"id":7062,"text":"University of Oklahoma","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":946707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Teitelbaum, Claire Stewart 0000-0001-5646-3184","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5646-3184","contributorId":295336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Teitelbaum","given":"Claire","email":"","middleInitial":"Stewart","affiliations":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":946708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Si, Yali","contributorId":223542,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Si","given":"Yali","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":40738,"text":"Tsinghua University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":946709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Zhang, Geli","contributorId":206235,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zhang","given":"Geli","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":946710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wang, Xinxin","contributorId":304701,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wang","given":"Xinxin","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7062,"text":"University of Oklahoma","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":946711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Mao, Dehua","contributorId":360045,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mao","given":"Dehua","affiliations":[{"id":32415,"text":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":946712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Huangh, Zheng Y.X.","contributorId":360047,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Huangh","given":"Zheng","middleInitial":"Y.X.","affiliations":[{"id":79946,"text":"Nanjing Forestry University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":946713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"de Boer, Willem Frederik","contributorId":360049,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"de Boer","given":"Willem","middleInitial":"Frederik","affiliations":[{"id":37803,"text":"Wageningen University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":946714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Takekawa, John","contributorId":330942,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Takekawa","given":"John","affiliations":[{"id":32931,"text":"USGS - Retired","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":946715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Prosser, Diann J. 0000-0002-5251-1799","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5251-1799","contributorId":221167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prosser","given":"Diann","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":946716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Xiao, Xiangming","contributorId":150759,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Xiao","given":"Xiangming","affiliations":[{"id":18095,"text":"Center for Spatial Analysis, U of OK, Norman, OK","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":946717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70270422,"text":"70270422 - 2025 - Integrating hunter dynamics and waterfowl dynamics to inform harvest management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-19T13:52:50.613209","indexId":"70270422","displayToPublicDate":"2025-08-17T08:50:39","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Integrating hunter dynamics and waterfowl dynamics to inform harvest management","docAbstract":"The successful conservation and management of North American waterfowl relies upon an adaptive harvest management framework that accounts for changes in the system state and critical uncertainties related to the dynamics of waterfowl populations and habitats. Increasing recognition of the importance of the human dimensions of the harvest process, particularly those related to hunters, has motivated calls for the integration of social objectives into waterfowl conservation programs and decision making. We introduce a framework for modeling the dynamics of hunter populations and behavior alongside those of waterfowl populations. Using Bayesian estimation, we fit a dynamic state space model to observational data from the Mid-Continent mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) system over a 20-year period and estimated parameter values for the relative effects of a set of hypothesized drivers of hunter recruitment, retention, reactivation, participation, and success rates. We then made projections across 3 future scenarios to examine the continuation of current trends, the potential effects of a shift to a moderate regulatory framework as informed by expert elicitation, and increased hunter recruitment to maintain a stable hunter population. We found that a theoretical stable state exists for Mid-Continent mallard and hunter populations but that the influence of broader sociocultural shifts and increasing hunter mortality from an aging base pose significant challenges for efforts to stabilize the ongoing decline of active hunter numbers, even under favorable regulatory conditions. This modeling framework and results from it can be used to inform decision processes in the management of game populations that seek to include social objectives and assess the potential trade-offs of prioritizing across social and ecological objectives. We emphasize the need for focused human dimensions expertise throughout the process of fully integrating goals for waterfowl populations, habitats, and people in waterfowl conservation.
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characterized by complex topography and diverse climatic zones with limited in situ observations. This study evaluates the performance of six widely used precipitation datasets, CHIRPS (Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation with Station data), ERA5_Land (European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts—ECMWF Reanalysis 5_Land), GPCC (Global Precipitation Climatology Centre), IMERG (Integrated Multi-satellite Retrievals for GPM), PERSIANN (Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed Information using Artificial Neural Networks), and TerraClimate, against ground-based data from 2001 to 2023. The evaluation is conducted across multiple spatial scales and temporal resolutions. At the basin scale, most datasets exhibit strong correlations with in situ observations across all temporal scales (r > 0.7), except for PERSIANN, which demonstrates a relatively weaker performance during summer and winter (r < 0.6). All datasets except ERA5_ Land show low annual and monthly bias (<5%), although larger errors are observed during summer, particularly for IMERG and PERSIANN. Dataset performance generally declines with increasing elevation. Basin-wide gridded evaluations reveal distinct spatial variations across all elevation zones, with CHIRPS showing the strongest ability to capture orographic precipitation gradients throughout the basin. All datasets correctly identified 2008 as a drought year and 2016 as a wet year, even though the magnitude and spatial resolution of the anomalies varied among them. These findings highlight the importance of selecting precipitation datasets that are suited to the complex topographic and climatic characteristics of transboundary basins. Our study provides valuable insights for improving hydrological modeling and can be used for water sustainability and flood–drought mitigation support activities in the Ili River Basin.
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Alternative D was developed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the lead agency of an Environmental Impact Statement, in consultation with cooperating agencies, including the National Park Service, U.S. Forest Service, and Wyoming Game and Fish Department. In evaluating alternative D, the U.S. Geological Survey considered four distinct scenarios that incorporated whether the agencies were able to meet their elk population reduction goals, and the effects of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service stopping feeding after CWD prevalence was measured at or above 7 percent in the Jackson Elk Herd Unit. The modeled scenarios in which the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service stopped feeding elk at 7 percent CWD prevalence had higher elk population sizes and generally lower CWD prevalence overall at the end of the 20-year simulation period. Further, three of the four alternative D scenarios resulted in fewer elk-use days on sensitive aspen, willow, and cottonwood habitat types compared to continuing to feed; the 7 percent CWD trigger scenario resulted in higher elk-use days on cottonwood and willow habitats compared to continued feeding, but fewer elk-use days on aspen habitats. When considering brucellosis risk, alternative D scenarios without the 7 percent CWD stop feeding trigger had lower risk than the alternative that stopped feeding elk immediately.
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U.S. Geological Survey
12100 Beech Forest Rd., Ste 4039
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The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service National Elk Refuge (NER) in Jackson, Wyoming, supplementally feeds Cervus elaphus canadensis (elk) and Bison bison (American bison) during winter months, but the costs and benefits of this management strategy are being reevaluated considering the potential effects of chronic wasting disease (CWD) on elk. U.S. Geological Survey scientists worked with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service on a structured decision-making process that considered five alternative feeding strategies and their effects on bison, elk, and humans. This chapter focuses on elk population dynamics and CWD using computer models. Our modeling results highlight a short-versus long-term tradeoff between the continue feeding and no feeding alternatives. Management alternatives associated with a cessation of supplemental feeding were assumed to make elk more susceptible to severe winters, resulting in initially lower population sizes and less CWD transmission. The increased CWD prevalence and transmission associated with the continue feeding alternative resulted in lower elk population sizes by year 20 (mean=6,700, standard deviation=1,600 in the analysis area) in 70 percent of simulations compared to no feeding (mean=8,400, standard deviation=1,500). No feeding alternatives resulted in higher elk populations than the continue feeding alternative between years 7 and 13 when CWD prevalence exceeded 20 percent in the Jackson elk herd. The increased harvest alternative minimized CWD and natural mortality in 83 out of 100 simulations compared to the continue feeding alternative.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Decision analysis in support of the National Elk Refuge Bison and Elk Management Plan","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20255076B","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Park Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and Wyoming Game and Fish Department","programNote":"Ecosystems Mission Area—Biological Threats & Invasive Species Program and the Environmental Health Program","usgsCitation":"Cross, P.C., Cook, J.D., and Cole, E.K., 2025, Predictions of elk and chronic wasting disease dynamics at the National Elk Refuge in Jackson, Wyoming, and surrounding areas, chap. B of Cook, J.D., and Cross, P.C., eds., Decision analysis in support of the National Elk Refuge bison and elk management plan: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2025–5076, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20255076B. [Supersedes USGS Scientific Investigations Report 2024–5119.]","productDescription":"Report: vi, 22 p.; Software Release","numberOfPages":"22","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":494164,"rank":6,"type":{"id":35,"text":"Software Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P13PPHA9","text":"USGS software release","linkHelpText":"- Software code for simulating elk and chronic wasting disease dynamics on the National Elk Refuge (version 2.0)"},{"id":494126,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2025/5076/b/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":494140,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2025/5076/b/sir20255076B.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.51 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2025-5076B PDF"},{"id":494141,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20255076B/full","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"SIR 2025-5076B HTML"},{"id":494142,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2025/5076/b/sir20255076B.XML","description":"SIR 2025-5076B XML"},{"id":494143,"rank":5,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2025/5076/b/images"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"National Elk Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.78225266437141,\n 43.46790181387567\n ],\n [\n -110.72445411600302,\n 43.480764457816235\n ],\n [\n -110.70981181708308,\n 43.502568770827935\n ],\n [\n -110.6897749869821,\n 43.51262964481907\n ],\n [\n -110.6628023310768,\n 43.52213004158219\n ],\n [\n -110.64353614828745,\n 43.53665716685947\n ],\n [\n -110.62349931818646,\n 43.55620738705895\n ],\n [\n -110.5972973095928,\n 43.598637460483474\n ],\n [\n -110.59883860421601,\n 43.62653567653447\n ],\n [\n -110.6520132687147,\n 43.62207283164909\n ],\n [\n -110.6897749869821,\n 43.60477617840215\n ],\n [\n -110.73216058911865,\n 43.56458411181504\n ],\n [\n -110.74680288803886,\n 43.517100606095084\n ],\n [\n -110.76067453964718,\n 43.50480466552287\n ],\n [\n -110.78225266437141,\n 43.46790181387567\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Center Director, Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center
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Bison bison were once abundant across North America but declined due to overharvesting in the late 1800s. The reintroduced population in and around Jackson, Wyoming has averaged 485 individuals between 2018–2023 and is the subject of a planning process to inform management strategies that will guide the U.S. Fish and Wildlife’s next “Bison and Elk Management Plan” for the National Elk Refuge. This small population may benefit from historical winter-feeding operations on the National Elk Refuge because those operations may increase overwinter survival and limit human-bison conflicts, which are the number of individual bison that engage in nuisance, damaging, or otherwise aggressive behaviors with humans and livestock, that may lead to culling and other sources of mortality (for example, vehicle collisions). To inform the next “Bison and Elk Management Plan,” the U.S. Geological Survey used a population model to evaluate five management alternatives for bison and Cervus elaphus canadensis feedground operations that included continuing the elk and bison feeding program, immediately stopping the feeding program, and three other alternatives that would phase out the feeding program after a period of time. The results indicate that the bison population would be expected to decline over the next 20 years under all alternatives that stop feeding bison on the refuge. Further, this decline would lead to an associated reduction in bison harvest opportunities for resident, nonresident, and Tribal hunters. Finally, human-bison conflicts would also be expected to increase under the no feeding alternatives because bison may venture onto private lands in greater numbers if feed is not provisioned during winter months. In combination, these results suggest that feeding may lead to better outcomes for bison over the next 20 years; however, these effects may be traded off against other downsides of the feedground program, such as increased rates of animal-to-animal contact on feedgrounds that can lead to disease transmission.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Decision analysis in support of the National Elk Refuge Bison and Elk Management Plan","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20255076D","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and Wyoming Game and Fish Department","programNote":"Ecosystems Mission Area—Biological Threats & Invasive Species Research Program","usgsCitation":"Cook, J.D., McEachran, M.C., Cotterill, G.G., and Cole, E.K., 2025, Bison population dynamics, harvest, and human conflict potential under feedground management alternatives at the National Elk Refuge in Jackson, Wyoming, chap. D of Cook, J.D., and Cross, P.C., eds., Decision analysis in support of the National Elk Refuge bison and elk management plan: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2025–5076, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20255076D. [Supersedes USGS Scientific Investigations Report 2024–5119.]","productDescription":"Report: vi, 24 p.; Software Release","numberOfPages":"24","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":493996,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2025/5076/d/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":494031,"rank":6,"type":{"id":35,"text":"Software Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P1QZGZSN","text":"USGS software release","linkHelpText":"- Jackson bison population projections"},{"id":494000,"rank":5,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2025/5076/d/images/"},{"id":493999,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2025/5076/d/sir20255076D.XML","linkFileType":{"id":8,"text":"xml"},"description":"SIR 2025-5076 D XML"},{"id":493998,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20255076D/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"SIR 2025-5076 D HTML"},{"id":493997,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2025/5076/d/sir20255076D.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5.02 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2025-5076 D PDF"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"National Elk Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.78225266437141,\n 43.46790181387567\n ],\n [\n -110.72445411600302,\n 43.480764457816235\n ],\n [\n -110.70981181708308,\n 43.502568770827935\n ],\n [\n -110.6897749869821,\n 43.51262964481907\n ],\n [\n -110.6628023310768,\n 43.52213004158219\n ],\n [\n -110.64353614828745,\n 43.53665716685947\n ],\n [\n -110.62349931818646,\n 43.55620738705895\n ],\n [\n -110.5972973095928,\n 43.598637460483474\n ],\n [\n -110.59883860421601,\n 43.62653567653447\n ],\n [\n -110.6520132687147,\n 43.62207283164909\n ],\n [\n -110.6897749869821,\n 43.60477617840215\n ],\n [\n -110.73216058911865,\n 43.56458411181504\n ],\n [\n -110.74680288803886,\n 43.517100606095084\n ],\n [\n -110.76067453964718,\n 43.50480466552287\n ],\n [\n -110.78225266437141,\n 43.46790181387567\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Center Director, Eastern Ecological Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
12100 Beech Forest Rd., Ste 4039
Laurel, MD 20708-4039
We evaluated measurable attributes describing the current and future distribution of Cervus elaphus canadensis (elk) across a region surrounding Jackson, Wyoming, for five feedground management alternatives proposed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service as a revision to the 2007 “Bison and Elk Management Plan” of the National Elk Refuge. A resource selection function evaluated measurable attributes of interest to managers, including elk use of private property and sensitive habitat types at monthly timesteps and varying winter conditions. The study area boundaries were created through an expert elicitation process and consist of the Jackson Elk Herd Unit, Grand Teton National Park, the National Elk Refuge, and the northern third of the Fall Creek Elk Herd Unit. For each of the five alternatives, we distributed monthly elk numbers calculated in a concurrent analysis that simulated chronic wasting disease dynamics in this system for 20 years. Measurable attributes representing potential elk use of (1) private property, (2) cattle properties as an index of Brucella abortus risk, and sensitive habitats consisting of (3) Populus tremuloides Michx. (quaking aspen), (4) Populus angustifolia E. James (narrowleaf cottonwood), and (5) Salix L. (willow) in core winter use areas all closely followed the declines of elk abundance projected by the elk chronic wasting disease model. After 20 years, the continue feeding alternative ranked most favorably in terms of limiting elk days on private property and reducing brucellosis risk from elk to cattle because this alternative concentrated elk on the National Elk Refuge and resulted in the lowest elk population sizes. However, other management alternatives, including increase harvest and reduce feeding, tended to limit elk use of sensitive quaking aspen, narrowleaf cottonwood, and willow habitats during winter (December–April).
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Decision analysis in support of the National Elk Refuge Bison and Elk Management Plan","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20255076C","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Park Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and Wyoming Game and Fish Department","programNote":"Ecosystems Mission Area—Biological Threats & Invasive Species Research Program and the Species Management Research Program","usgsCitation":"Cotterill, G.G., Cross, P.C., Cole, E.K., Cook, J.D., McEachran, M.C., and Graves, T.A., 2025, Evaluating elk distribution and conflict under proposed management alternatives at the National Elk Refuge in Jackson, Wyoming, chap. C of Cook, J.D., and Cross, P.C., eds., Decision analysis in support of the National Elk Refuge bison and elk management plan: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2025–5076, 32 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20255076C. [Supersedes USGS Scientific Investigations Report 2024–5119.]","productDescription":"Report: vii, 32 p.; Software Release","numberOfPages":"32","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":494123,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2025/5076/c/sir20255076C.XML","description":"SIR 2025-5076 C XML"},{"id":494138,"rank":6,"type":{"id":35,"text":"Software Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P1486NQE","text":"USGS software release","linkHelpText":"- Supporting code for—Evaluating elk distribution and conflict under proposed management alternatives at the National Elk Refuge in Jackson, Wyoming (version 2.0)"},{"id":494120,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2025/5076/c/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":494121,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2025/5076/c/sir20255076C.pdf","text":"Report","size":"6.58 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2025-5076 C PDF"},{"id":494124,"rank":5,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2025/5076/c/images"},{"id":494122,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20255076C/full","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"SIR 2025-5076 C HTML"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"National Elk Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.78225266437141,\n 43.46790181387567\n ],\n [\n -110.72445411600302,\n 43.480764457816235\n ],\n [\n -110.70981181708308,\n 43.502568770827935\n ],\n [\n -110.6897749869821,\n 43.51262964481907\n ],\n [\n -110.6628023310768,\n 43.52213004158219\n ],\n [\n -110.64353614828745,\n 43.53665716685947\n ],\n [\n -110.62349931818646,\n 43.55620738705895\n ],\n [\n -110.5972973095928,\n 43.598637460483474\n ],\n [\n -110.59883860421601,\n 43.62653567653447\n ],\n [\n -110.6520132687147,\n 43.62207283164909\n ],\n [\n -110.6897749869821,\n 43.60477617840215\n ],\n [\n -110.73216058911865,\n 43.56458411181504\n ],\n [\n -110.74680288803886,\n 43.517100606095084\n ],\n [\n -110.76067453964718,\n 43.50480466552287\n ],\n [\n -110.78225266437141,\n 43.46790181387567\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Center Director, Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2327 University Way, Suite 2
Bozeman, MT 59715
Premise
Clonality, a form of asexual reproduction and spread, is common among invasive plants, though sexual reproduction via seeds is often still important for their long-range dispersal. In small populations, clonality has been hypothesized to interfere with sexual reproduction by limiting outcrossing opportunities of a plant.
Methods
We developed a structural equation model based on estimates of genetic diversity and seed production of Lepidium draba, a problematic invasive clonal plant, at 26 sites in Colorado to test whether site characteristics relating to small founder populations resulted in low genetic diversity and sexual reproduction. The next year, in pollen supplementation experiments at six sites (three with high genetic diversity, three with low), we tested whether populations with low genetic diversity were limited by non-self pollen.
Results
Large populations and populations associated with rivers tended to have higher genetic diversity. Percentage seed fill and total seed production were considerably higher at sites with higher genetic diversity. At populations with low genetic diversity, supplementation with pollen from outside of the site, but not from within the site, increased seed production. At populations with high genetic diversity, pollen supplementation from off-site did not increase seed production.
Conclusions
Our study shows that, in low-diversity populations that are dominated by a few large clones, L. draba produces few seeds compared to high-diversity populations and that this appears to be due to limited availability of non-self pollen. The data indicate that low genetic diversity decreases sexual reproduction, which may greatly reduce long-distance dispersal from these populations.
","language":"English","publisher":"Botanical Society of America","doi":"10.1002/ajb2.70083","usgsCitation":"Pearse, I.S., Becker, Z., Ode, P.J., Gaskin, J., and West, N., 2025, Low genetic diversity in populations of a clonal invasive plant limits sexual reproduction: American Journal of Botany, v. 112, no. 8, e70083, https://doi.org/10.1002/ajb2.70083.","productDescription":"e70083","ipdsId":"IP-173965","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":498042,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajb2.70083","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":497201,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","volume":"112","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pearse, Ian S. 0000-0001-7098-0495","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7098-0495","contributorId":216680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearse","given":"Ian","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":951717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Becker, Zoe","contributorId":248271,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Becker","given":"Zoe","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6621,"text":"Colorado State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":951718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ode, Paul J.","contributorId":197314,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ode","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":951719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gaskin, John F.","contributorId":224961,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gaskin","given":"John F.","affiliations":[{"id":41006,"text":"USDA ARS, Sidney, MT","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":951720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"West, Natalie","contributorId":293501,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"West","given":"Natalie","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6758,"text":"USDA-ARS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":951721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70270751,"text":"70270751 - 2025 - Magnitude, depth and methodological variations of spectral stress drop within the SCEC/USGS Community Stress Drop Validation Study using the 2019 Ridgecrest Earthquake Sequence","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-12-01T16:26:29.56428","indexId":"70270751","displayToPublicDate":"2025-08-14T08:10:12","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Magnitude, depth and methodological variations of spectral stress drop within the SCEC/USGS Community Stress Drop Validation Study using the 2019 Ridgecrest Earthquake Sequence","docAbstract":"We present the first ensemble analysis of the 56 different sets of results submitted to the ongoing Community Stress Drop Validation Study using the 2019 Ridgecrest, California, earthquake sequence. Different assumptions and methods result in different estimation of the source contribution to recorded seismograms, and hence to the source parameters (principally corner frequency, fc, spectral stress drop, Δσ, and seismic moment, M0) obtained from modeling calculated source spectra. For earthquakes smaller than magnitude (M) 2.5 there is negligible correlation between the fc values obtained by different studies, implying that no present method is reliable using available data. For larger magnitude events, correlation between fc measurements of different studies, within even a small M range is always higher than spectral Δσ, because the fc measurements simply reflect the underlying physical decrease in fc with increasing M. We model the observed trends of submitted fc with both magnitude and depth. Most methods report an increase in spectral Δσ with M, although a magnitude‐invariant spectral Δσ is within the confidence limits. The depth dependence is smaller and depends on whether a study allows attenuation to vary with source depth; a combination of depth‐dependent attenuation correction, and depth‐dependent shear‐wave velocity can compensate for reported depth trends. We model the submitted values to remove differing M and depth variation to investigate the relative interevent variability. We find consistent relative variation between individual events, and also lower relative spectral Δσ in the northwest of the aftershock sequence, and higher on the cross fault and in the region of main fault intersection. This large‐scale comparison implies that absolute spectral Δσ estimates are dependent on the methods used; studies of different regions or using different methods should not be directly compared and improved constraints on path and site corrections are needed to resolve these absolute spectral Δσ differences.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120250056","usgsCitation":"Abercrombie, R., and Baltay Sundstrom, A.S., 2025, Magnitude, depth and methodological variations of spectral stress drop within the SCEC/USGS Community Stress Drop Validation Study using the 2019 Ridgecrest Earthquake Sequence: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 115, no. 6, p. 2741-2768, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120250056.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"2741","endPage":"2768","ipdsId":"IP-177230","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":496944,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1785/0120250056","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":494533,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Ridgecrest earthquake sequence","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.8,\n 36\n ],\n [\n -117.8,\n 35.5\n ],\n [\n -117.3,\n 35.5\n ],\n [\n -117.3,\n 36\n ],\n [\n -117.8,\n 36\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"115","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Abercrombie, Rachel E.","contributorId":293131,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Abercrombie","given":"Rachel E.","affiliations":[{"id":7208,"text":"Department of Earth and Environment, Boston University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":946996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baltay, Annemarie S. 0000-0002-6514-852X abaltay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6514-852X","contributorId":4932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baltay","given":"Annemarie","email":"abaltay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":946997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70272154,"text":"70272154 - 2025 - Some of these are not like the others: Relative thermal sensitivity among anuran species of the Southeast United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-11-18T14:57:05.681157","indexId":"70272154","displayToPublicDate":"2025-08-14T07:50:47","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1475,"text":"Ecosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Some of these are not like the others: Relative thermal sensitivity among anuran species of the Southeast United States","docAbstract":"Estimating how close a species is to its upper thermal limits (i.e., warming tolerance, a thermal sensitivity index) and how that proximity changes across space enables spatially explicit identification of species with increased extinction risk as temperatures increase. Yet, thermal sensitivity is often difficult to calculate because it is the result of many traits. We aimed to synthesize multiple traits into a single estimate of relative terrestrial thermal sensitivity for 13 anuran species in the southeastern United States. We employed models that incorporate traits and microclimate variation to (1) estimate species warming tolerance (the difference between species critical thermal maximum and modeled operative temperature, an estimate of body temperature) and (2) investigate how warming tolerance varied with latitude (whereby latitude represents different temperature regimes and external drivers of thermal sensitivity). We ran mechanistic niche models across a 12° latitudinal gradient and 10 years to estimate individual operative temperature. We calculated the minimum, 25th percentile (hottest quarter), and median daily minimum warming tolerance. Estimates of minimum warming tolerance spanned −5 to 10°C (Lithobates palustris and Gastrophryne carolinensis respectively) and differed among species. For most species, modeled operative temperatures exceeded species' critical thermal maximum during extreme warm temperatures (i.e., heat waves) in part of their range, and warming tolerance increased with latitude. During heat waves, five species had lower warming tolerance at higher latitudes, and three species' warming tolerance did not change with latitude. We identified species that are approaching their thermal limits in the Southeast and characterized spatial patterns of warming tolerance. Increased temperatures could increase anuran extinction risk, posing an additional challenge for threatened anuran species. Spatial patterns of warming tolerance were not consistent among species in our study, highlighting that patterns identified at higher taxonomic categories could be inconsistent at lower taxonomic categories.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.70366","usgsCitation":"Dubose, T.P., Moore, C.E., Farallo, V.R., Benson, A., Hopkins, W.A., Silknetter, S., and Mims, M.C., 2025, Some of these are not like the others: Relative thermal sensitivity among anuran species of the Southeast United States: Ecosphere, v. 16, no. 8, e70366, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.70366.","productDescription":"e70366, 14 p.","ipdsId":"IP-166843","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":496728,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.70366","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":496577,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"southeastern United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.41804252774992,\n 36.980922621562925\n ],\n [\n -94.4596379144605,\n 30.044554744020395\n ],\n [\n -91.28114692202321,\n 29.07626615276368\n ],\n [\n -83.90795717411982,\n 29.51964718386809\n ],\n [\n -81.76388579010543,\n 24.772803573346096\n ],\n [\n -79.01903146054572,\n 25.003689133593937\n ],\n [\n -81.07385800159477,\n 31.309972711185175\n ],\n [\n -73.91922042682097,\n 36.25552154485884\n ],\n [\n -78.18436709638208,\n 36.980922621562925\n ],\n [\n -94.41804252774992,\n 36.980922621562925\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"16","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dubose, Traci P. 0000-0002-9309-4397","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9309-4397","contributorId":362263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dubose","given":"Traci","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":950258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moore, Chloe E.","contributorId":362264,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moore","given":"Chloe","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":12694,"text":"Virginia Tech","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":950259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Farallo, Vincent R.","contributorId":362265,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Farallo","given":"Vincent","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":64967,"text":"University of Scranton","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":950260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Benson, Abigail 0000-0002-4391-107X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4391-107X","contributorId":352933,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Benson","given":"Abigail","affiliations":[{"id":36188,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":950261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hopkins, William A.","contributorId":362267,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hopkins","given":"William","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":12694,"text":"Virginia Tech","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":950262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Silknetter, Samuel","contributorId":292585,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Silknetter","given":"Samuel","affiliations":[{"id":25550,"text":"Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":950263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Mims, Meryl C.","contributorId":362273,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mims","given":"Meryl","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":12694,"text":"Virginia Tech","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":950264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70275546,"text":"70275546 - 2025 - Intrinsic and extrinsic factors simultaneously modulated the use of roadways by golden eagles during winter.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-05-04T16:47:51.225362","indexId":"70275546","displayToPublicDate":"2025-08-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1467,"text":"Ecology and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Intrinsic and extrinsic factors simultaneously modulated the use of roadways by golden eagles during winter.","docAbstract":"Animals often face trade-offs wherein foraging opportunities may coincide spatiotemporally with higher risk of mortality, especially within landscapes altered by humans. Resolving such trade-offs can depend on intrinsic factors such as age and sex, and extrinsic factors (e.g., resource availability) within the surrounding environment. Yet both are rarely assessed simultaneously. Roads constitute a widespread form of human-induced habitat alteration that concurrently offer potential food rewards, in the form of carrion from roadkill, and risk in the form of death by vehicle collision. We evaluated the extent to which suites of intrinsic and extrinsic factors modulated the selection for areas near roads by a large opportunistic scavenger, the golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos). We used a collaborative, multi-agency telemetry dataset of 51 golden eagles overwintering in Wyoming, USA during 2014 to 2023 representing 175 unique eagle-years. Both intrinsic and extrinsic factors influenced road use. Males were 14.2 times more likely than females to select areas closer to roads. Adults, compared with their subadult counterparts (Subadult I, Subadult II, and Subadult III) were 16.3, 16, and 15.3 times more likely to select areas near roads, respectively. Moreover, individuals were more likely to select areas near roads during periods with higher snow depth on the landscape. Specifically, during periods of high snow depth (> 17.9 cm) golden eagles were 17 times more likely to select areas near roads than during periods with no snow. Our results suggest that both intrinsic and extrinsic factors influenced proximate habitat decisions and the use of areas near risky landscape elements. Our work has important implications for the contexts under which efforts to reduce golden eagle mortality, such as the removal of carcasses from roads, would be most effective.
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0000-0001-6561-3244","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6561-3244","contributorId":359618,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Crane","given":"Joseph","affiliations":[{"id":85882,"text":"Jonah Ventures","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":945959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sepulveda, Adam 0000-0001-7621-7028 asepulveda@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7621-7028","contributorId":4187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sepulveda","given":"Adam","email":"asepulveda@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":945960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70271256,"text":"70271256 - 2025 - Increased soil greenhouse gas emissions from the combined use of cover crops and no‐tillage in producer‐ managed fields","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-03T15:43:33.763306","indexId":"70271256","displayToPublicDate":"2025-08-13T08:38:18","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5053,"text":"Earth's Future","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Increased soil greenhouse gas emissions from the combined use of cover crops and no‐tillage in producer‐ managed fields","docAbstract":"Cover crop adoption offers multiple benefits and climate mitigation potential for agroecosystems, but is still an underutilized conservation practice. Recently, the combined use of cover cropping plus no-tillage (CCNT) has been increasingly promoted to achieve its synergistic effectiveness. Yet, how this combined practice affects soil greenhouse gas (GHG) emission remains a topic of debate. Existing studies are predominantly based on research-managed settings and often fail to assess all three major GHGs of carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrous oxide (N2O), and methane (CH4). To address these knowledge gaps, this study conducted a 30-month monitoring from producer-managed fields to quantify the soil greenhouse gas responses to CCNT compared to no-tillage (NT) alone. The findings showed that CCNT increased the soil global warming potential (GWP) by 15.2% relative to NT. CO2 is the main contributor, accounting for over 91.7% of the total GWP. On average, the daily fluxes of CO2, N2O, and CH4 were increased by 16.2%, 32.3%, and 55.6% under CCNT, respectively. Meteorological variables explained 85.3% of the CO2 increase and 46.1% of the N2O increase associated with CCNT. Furthermore, two types of CCNT practices differed in GHG emission responses, though both strategies significantly reduced nitrogen losses. These quantitative results, derived from actual production systems, provide informed decision-making among local producers regarding the adoption of cover crops. Moreover, this field-based evidence offers a robust empirical foundation for future modeling efforts aimed at assessing the ecological benefits of cover crops under varying climatic and soil conditions.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2025EF006009","usgsCitation":"Peng, Y., Jacinthe, P., Dobrowolski, E.G., and Wang, L., 2025, Increased soil greenhouse gas emissions from the combined use of cover crops and no‐tillage in producer‐ managed fields: Earth's Future, v. 13, no. 8, e2025EF006009, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2025EF006009.","productDescription":"e2025EF006009, 19 p.","ipdsId":"IP-174880","costCenters":[{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":495184,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025ef006009","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":495153,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","city":"Fort Wayne","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -85.34304616732317,\n 41.22935710388364\n ],\n [\n -85.34304616732317,\n 40.99002813942323\n ],\n [\n -84.942455802017,\n 40.99002813942323\n ],\n [\n -84.942455802017,\n 41.22935710388364\n ],\n [\n -85.34304616732317,\n 41.22935710388364\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"13","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peng, Yu 0000-0003-0043-9075","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0043-9075","contributorId":360866,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peng","given":"Yu","affiliations":[{"id":86113,"text":"Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Indiana University Indianapolis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":947801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jacinthe, Pierre-Andre 0000-0002-2598-7169","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2598-7169","contributorId":360867,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jacinthe","given":"Pierre-Andre","affiliations":[{"id":86113,"text":"Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Indiana University Indianapolis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":947802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dobrowolski, Edward G. 0000-0001-9840-4609 edobrowo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9840-4609","contributorId":5555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dobrowolski","given":"Edward","email":"edobrowo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":27231,"text":"Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":947803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wang, Lixin","contributorId":300466,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wang","given":"Lixin","affiliations":[{"id":65165,"text":"Department of Earth Sciences, Indiana University–Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI), Indianapolis, IN, USA.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":947804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70270656,"text":"70270656 - 2025 - Multi-scale habitat characteristics influence Paleback Darter occupancy and detection probability","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-09T14:59:39.006613","indexId":"70270656","displayToPublicDate":"2025-08-13T08:34:11","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multi-scale habitat characteristics influence Paleback Darter occupancy and detection probability","docAbstract":"Objective
The limited distribution of the Paleback Darter Etheostoma pallididorsum, which is often associated with dynamic headwater streams, makes the species vulnerable to changes in its environment in west-central Arkansas. A detailed understanding of habitat characteristics that support the species at multiple spatial scales is limited. This project assessed the relative influences of local- and broadscale habitat characteristics on Paleback Darter occupancy and detection probability.
Methods
Backpack electrofishing was performed, and a mix of in situ and remote habitat characteristics was linked to the Paleback Darter data. A single-season occupancy model was used to examine factors influencing Paleback Darter occupancy. Candidate models were ranked using Akaike's information criterion corrected for small sample sizes.
Results
A total of 158 Paleback Darters were collected at 13 sites during 35 of the 150 surveys. Paleback Darter occupancy and detection probability were estimated to be 0.26 (95% CI = 0.16–0.40) and 0.90 (95% CI = 0.75–0.96), respectively. Distance from springs was negatively related to Paleback Darter occupancy.
Conclusions
Springs appear to be a key in the Paleback Darter's life history strategy, and spring preservation is likely vital to the species’ conservation.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1093/tafafs/vnaf033","usgsCitation":"Hartman, M.L., Morris, K.M., Spurgeon, J.J., and Lochmann, S.E., 2025, Multi-scale habitat characteristics influence Paleback Darter occupancy and detection probability: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 154, no. 5, p. 585-594, https://doi.org/10.1093/tafafs/vnaf033.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"585","endPage":"594","ipdsId":"IP-170555","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":494526,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"154","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hartman, Maxwell L.","contributorId":360092,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hartman","given":"Maxwell","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":37007,"text":"Arkansas Game and Fish Commission","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":946780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morris, Katie M.","contributorId":360095,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Morris","given":"Katie","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":85969,"text":"Arkansas Natural Heritage Commission","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":946781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Spurgeon, Jonathan J. 0000-0002-6888-5867","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6888-5867","contributorId":304259,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spurgeon","given":"Jonathan","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":946782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lochmann, Steve E.","contributorId":360096,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lochmann","given":"Steve","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":81661,"text":"University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":946783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70269818,"text":"ofr20251044 - 2025 - Insights and strategic opportunities from the USGS 2024 Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) Interagency Workshop","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70269818,"text":"ofr20251044 - 2025 - Insights and strategic opportunities from the USGS 2024 Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) Interagency Workshop","indexId":"ofr20251044","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"displayTitle":"Insights and Strategic Opportunities from the USGS 2024 Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) Interagency Workshop","title":"Insights and strategic opportunities from the USGS 2024 Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) Interagency Workshop"},"predicate":"IS_ADDENDUM_TO","object":{"id":70226853,"text":"cir1490 - 2021 - Integrated science for the study of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in the environment—A strategic science vision for the U.S. Geological Survey","indexId":"cir1490","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"title":"Integrated science for the study of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in the environment—A strategic science vision for the U.S. Geological Survey"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-02-03T15:00:44.018949","indexId":"ofr20251044","displayToPublicDate":"2025-08-11T13:00:00","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2025-1044","displayTitle":"Insights and Strategic Opportunities from the USGS 2024 Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) Interagency Workshop","title":"Insights and strategic opportunities from the USGS 2024 Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) Interagency Workshop","docAbstract":"In 2021, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) published Circular 1490 titled, “Integrated Science for the Study of Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in the Environment: A Strategic Science Vision for the U.S. Geological Survey” (Tokranov and others, 2021). Circular 1490 was created to be a resource for USGS scientists prioritizing and planning research related to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and to be a guide for developing partnerships with other scientists, State and Federal agencies, and stakeholders engaged in PFAS research and management and mitigation of the environmental and human-health effects of PFAS. This USGS PFAS Strategic Science Vision document was intended to be the foundation for a “living strategic vision,” periodically providing updates on the state of USGS PFAS research, emerging PFAS data gaps and needs, and progress on interagency and stakeholder PFAS partnerships and priorities. To meet this objective, the USGS planned to host an Interagency and Stakeholder PFAS Workshop every 2–3 years.
During September 10–12, 2024, the USGS hosted the first Interagency and Stakeholder PFAS Workshop in Reston, Virginia. The Workshop brought together experts from other Federal agencies (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Food and Drug Administration, Department of Defense [Air Force, Army]), State agencies (Washington Fish and Wildlife, Virginia Department of Transportation), and academia (Harvard University, University of Maryland) to address key challenges relating to the measurement and modeling of PFAS and the implications for environmental health. Participants engaged in in-depth discussions centered around six pivotal topics related to PFAS: (1) sampling protocols, methods and interpretation; (2) environmental sources, source apportionment, and occurrence; (3) environmental fate and transport; (4) human and wildlife exposure routes and risk; (5) bioconcentration, bioaccumulation, and biomagnification; and (6) ecotoxicology and effects. Each topic had three breakout sessions.
A recurrent theme of workshop discussions was how data on a nationwide scale for PFAS occurrence in various environmental matrices, including air, water, food crops, biota, soil, and streambed sediment could help to advance scientific understanding. Participants noted significant geospatial data gaps, particularly in the midwestern and southern United States and the Pacific Northwest. PFAS data collection tends to be more robust along the eastern seaboard and in California.
Participants stressed how enhancing the integration of large and small datasets across various agencies could help to support national scale understanding of PFAS. To address these gaps, attendees suggested leveraging datasets from Federal entities like the USGS and the U.S. Department of Defense, State agencies, and municipal utility services to develop predictive contaminant detection and transport models. Improved coordination between water quality programs and USGS research could help to facilitate access to valuable data, leading to comprehensive databases that inform PFAS point (wastewater treatment plants and landfills) and nonpoint (runoff from land, atmospheric deposition, food packaging) sources, environmental transport mechanisms, environmental detection and concentrations, potential exposure routes, and health effects on different biota, including humans. A specific request was made to develop a map demarking the depth of modern (1953 or later) groundwater, which is susceptible to surface-derived anthropogenic (that is, human-made) contamination, based on tritium-age dating. Emphasis was placed on incorporation of hydrology, groundwater flow paths, groundwater–surface water interactions, and landscape factors in predictive statistical models as a step to improve contaminant source identification and tracking.
Molecular fingerprinting approaches garnered attention as techniques to link specific PFAS mixtures detected in a sample to environmental sources and levels in biota (Dávila-Santiago and others, 2022). Integrating data from abiotic (that is, water, soil, and air) and biotic (that is, living organisms) systems identified as a research opportunity. For example, understanding the composition of soils and sediments, which include a mixture of mineral, plant, and animal components, could advance understanding of exposure pathways.
The discussions highlighted opportunities to explore and understand the potential redistribution and biotic exposures of PFAS from biosolid and wastewater treatment plant effluent land application practices, in addition to atmospheric releases and discharges from landfill and wastewater treatment plants. Participants identified research gaps surrounding how these sources may contribute to contamination and may affect surrounding ecosystems, including a better definition of anthropogenic background concentrations.
Moving forward, the collection of co-occurrence data was noted as a means to improve understanding of complex mixtures and to leverage companion modeling efforts focused on areas with high and low contamination levels to identify areas of concern and unaffected resources. Participants emphasized how centralized USGS databases and the establishment of sample-metadata archives can help to ensure that samples are preserved and accessible for future research.
In conclusion, the workshop participants identified opportunities to bridge data gaps and improve measurement techniques, modeling frameworks, databases, and communication, to enhance the understanding of PFAS and their effects on environmental and human health. Upon completion of the workshop, participants indicated an interest in developing strategic data collection, modeling, and analytical approaches to address these challenges.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20251044","programNote":"Environmental Health Program","usgsCitation":"Iwanowicz, D.D., Beisner, K.R., Bradley, P.M., Bright, P.R., Brown, J.B., Churchill, C.J., Gordon, S.E., Karouna, N.K., Kolpin, D.W., Lambert, R.B., Pulster, E.L., Shively, R.S., Smalling, K., Steevens, J.A., and Tokranov, A.K., 2025, Insights and strategic opportunities from the USGS 2024 Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) Interagency Workshop—Addendum I of Circular 1490: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2025–1044, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20251044.","productDescription":"iii, 10 p.","numberOfPages":"10","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-177608","costCenters":[{"id":506,"text":"Office of the AD Ecosystems","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":493438,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2025/1044/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":493439,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2025/1044/ofr20251044.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.64 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2025-1044 PDF"},{"id":493440,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20251044/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"OFR 2025-1044 HTML"},{"id":493442,"rank":5,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2025/1044/images/"},{"id":493441,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2025/1044/ofr20251044.XML","linkFileType":{"id":8,"text":"xml"},"description":"OFR 2025-1044 XML"}],"contact":"Director, Ecosystems Mission Area
U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, Virginia 20192
Diadromous fishes world-wide experienced precipitous declines during the 19th and 20th centuries due to a combination of overfishing, pollution, and freshwater habitat loss through construction of dams (Limburg & Waldman, 2009). Following wide-spread fishing closures and large-scale remediation of many historical pollution sources, dams in coastal rivers remain as the largest tractable impediment to population recovery for many of these species (Waldman & Quinn, 2022). In some cases, dams reduce access to as much as 95% of freshwater and rearing habitat (Hall et al., 2011). These effects are especially pronounced for species that rely on long-distance migrations to spawning and rearing habitat upstream of barriers such as various alosines (herrings; e.g., American shad Alosa sapidissima, alewife A. pseudoharengus, and blueback herring A. aestivalis (Noonan et al., 2012)) and salmonines (trout and salmon; e.g., Salmo spp. (Parrish et al., 1998) and Oncorhynchus spp. (Quiñones et al., 2015).
Traditional stock assessment tools such as per-recruit analyses often fail to capture management complexities related to diadromous life histories such as fish passage at dams, and integrated assessment models can be difficult to parameterize for data-poor species such as herrings (Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission, 2024). This has resulted in the development of species- and system-specific approaches to fisheries stock assessment and management strategy evaluation (Barber et al., 2018; Nieland et al., 2015; Roy et al., 2018; Stich et al., 2019). We created the anadrofish package (Stich, Hardesty, et al., 2025) for R (R Core Team, 2025) to provide a generalized approach that also allows broader application to novel species, systems,
and scenarios.
We present methods to reconstruct historical chlorophyll a and surface water temperatures from satellite-based remote sensing products for Blue Mesa Reservoir, Colorado, to support algal bloom monitoring. A machine learning model was trained to construct chlorophyll a concentrations from Sentinel-2 satellite imagery and in situ measurements of chlorophyll a concentrations (out of bag RMSE = 1.9 μg/L, R2 = 0.63) and reconstruct summertime chlorophyll a concentrations over the entire reservoir from 2016 through 2023. Concurrently, we developed an approach to retrieve remotely sensed water temperatures from the Landsat collection 2 provisional surface temperature product (MAE = 0.6°C) and reconstructed summertime surface water temperature records from 2000 through 2023. Finally, we demonstrate how the reconstructed chlorophyll a and temperature records can yield insight on reservoir dynamics. The chlorophyll a records indicate that algal blooms have a consistent spatial pattern across multiple years, initiating in the eastern end of the reservoir and spreading to the west over time. Water temperatures increased at a linearized rate of 0.3°C per decade from 2000 through 2023 and were inversely proportional to reservoir water surface elevation. Finally, mean summer remotely sensed chlorophyll a concentration had a moderately positive correlation with mean summer remotely sensed water temperature.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/1752-1688.70038","usgsCitation":"King, T.V., Bean, R., Walton-Day, K., Mast, M.A., Gohring, E.J., Gidley, R.G., Day, N.K., and Gibney, N., 2025, Remote sensing of chlorophyll a and temperature to support algal bloom monitoring in Blue Mesa Reservoir, Colorado: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 61, no. 4, e70038, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.1111/1752-1688.70038.","productDescription":"e70038, 19 p.","ipdsId":"IP-157284","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":494445,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1752-1688.70038","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":494016,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","county":"Gunnison County","otherGeospatial":"Blue Mesa Reservoir","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -107.35295276247045,\n 38.535074315629544\n ],\n [\n -107.35295276247045,\n 38.430806876675575\n ],\n [\n -107.03469816287091,\n 38.430806876675575\n ],\n [\n -107.03469816287091,\n 38.535074315629544\n ],\n [\n -107.35295276247045,\n 38.535074315629544\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"61","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"King, Tyler V. 0000-0002-5785-3077","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5785-3077","contributorId":292424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"Tyler","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":945713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bean, Robert Allen 0000-0001-5940-9757","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5940-9757","contributorId":344328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bean","given":"Robert Allen","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":945714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Walton-Day, Katherine 0000-0002-9146-6193","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9146-6193","contributorId":336569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walton-Day","given":"Katherine","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":945715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mast, M. 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Urban infrastructure and water management alter natural hydrological pathways in developed watersheds, which can violate assumptions of a watershed approach to ecosystem science. We focus on two aspects of urban landscapes that often create challenges to model watershed processes within and among urban areas: (1) accurate delineation of urban flow paths and (2) consistent characterisation of the urban landscape within and among cities. Here, we describe these challenges and identify how certain components of these challenges can be addressed, highlighting examples and lessons learned in a project that is assessing scales and drivers of variability in dissolved organic carbon across five urban centres in the United States. Our goal is to facilitate a dialogue that will advance the applications of watershed approaches in urban ecosystem science by recognising and addressing these challenges. Our examples focus on the United States but could be applicable to similar urban challenges in other locations globally.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/hyp.70221","usgsCitation":"Hopkins, K.G., Hale, R., Capps, K., Kominoski, J., Morse, J., Roy, A.H., Blinn, A., Chen, S., Ortiz Muñoz, L., Quick, A., and Rudolph, J., 2025, Overcoming challenges in mapping hydrography and heterogeneity in urban landscapes: Hydrological Processes, v. 39, no. 8, e70221, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.70221.","productDescription":"e70221, 12 p.","ipdsId":"IP-177098","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":493953,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida, Massachusetts, Utah","city":"Boston, Miami, Salt Lake City","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n 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University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":945561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70270295,"text":"70270295 - 2025 - Dynamic feedbacks between river meandering and landsliding in northwestern Washington glacial terraces","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-14T14:38:25.829251","indexId":"70270295","displayToPublicDate":"2025-08-09T09:32:05","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":7357,"text":"JGR Earth Surface","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dynamic feedbacks between river meandering and landsliding in northwestern Washington glacial terraces","docAbstract":"Landsliding in river valleys poses unique risks for cascading hazards and can damage infrastructure and cause fatalities. In postglacial valleys, many landslides are posited to occur in relation to lateral river erosion, but the dynamics of fluvial-hillslope interactions are not well understood. Here, we investigate a section of the Nooksack River in western Washington State where the channel is flanked by landslide-prone glacial terraces similar to those that failed in the 2014 State Route 530 “Oso” landslide. We map 216 landslides through time across 17 aerial imagery data sets (1933–2022) and analyze them in relation to river meandering and curvature. We observe dynamic feedbacks between lateral river meandering and valley-adjacent landsliding. Terrace lateral retreat rates of up to 25 m/year owing to combined fluvial erosion and slope failure occur on pinned, outer meander bends immediately downstream from peaks in river curvature (>0.0075 1/m); these locations are predisposed to both shallow and deep-seated landslides. Deep-seated landslides extending 17%–32% of the active valley width into the floodplain can displace the river away from the floodplain margin and change the channel planform. River-displacing landslides relocate meanders up- or downstream, thereby conditioning the location of subsequent landslides. This conceptual model of coupled landslide-driven meander displacement and valley-adjacent landsliding is exemplified across western Washington river systems. The distance between up- and downstream valley-adjacent landsliding scales with valley width, meander wavelength, and terrace height. Our results can advance our understanding of the river-hillslope interface in landscape evolution and can be used to inform hazard management in river corridors.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2024JF008249","usgsCitation":"Ahrendt, S., Mirus, B., LaHusen, S.R., and Perkins, J.P., 2025, Dynamic feedbacks between river meandering and landsliding in northwestern Washington glacial terraces: JGR Earth Surface, v. 130, no. 8, e2024JF008249, 29 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JF008249.","productDescription":"e2024JF008249, 29 p.","ipdsId":"IP-171862","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":78941,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center - Landslides / Earthquake Geology","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":494447,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024jf008249","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":494093,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.28,\n 48.835\n ],\n [\n -122.28,\n 48.82255\n ],\n [\n -122.25,\n 48.8225\n ],\n [\n -122.25,\n 48.835\n ],\n [\n -122.28,\n 48.835\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"130","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-08-09","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ahrendt, Shelby Marie 0000-0002-3678-5087","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3678-5087","contributorId":358942,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ahrendt","given":"Shelby Marie","affiliations":[{"id":78941,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center - Landslides / Earthquake Geology","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":945951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mirus, Benjamin B. 0000-0001-5550-014X bbmirus@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5550-014X","contributorId":169597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mirus","given":"Benjamin","email":"bbmirus@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":945952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"LaHusen, Sean Richard 0000-0003-4246-4439","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4246-4439","contributorId":294677,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaHusen","given":"Sean","email":"","middleInitial":"Richard","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":945953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Perkins, Jonathan Patrick 0000-0001-9039-1153","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9039-1153","contributorId":359616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perkins","given":"Jonathan","middleInitial":"Patrick","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":945954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70270156,"text":"70270156 - 2025 - Performance mapping and weighting for the evapotranspiration models of the OpenET ensemble","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-12T15:32:26.724967","indexId":"70270156","displayToPublicDate":"2025-08-09T08:15:09","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Performance mapping and weighting for the evapotranspiration models of the OpenET ensemble","docAbstract":"Evapotranspiration (ET) accounts for the majority of water available from precipitation in the terrestrial water cycle, and improvements to the accuracy, resolution, and coverage of ET data can enhance hydrologic models and assessments. The OpenET collaboration of six remotely sensed ET modeling teams has demonstrated that an ensemble approach to ET estimation generally provides improved accuracy relative to individual ensemble members. The performance of individual models has been shown to vary by land cover type and climate zone, but a thorough study of the variables that influence model performance differences has not yet been conducted. In this paper, we model the performance of OpenET models relative to flux tower data as a function of variables such as land cover type and precipitation. These performance models are used to map estimated OpenET model performance across the conterminous United States. We develop relative weights based on these modeled performance metrics and show that a performance-weighted ensemble improves accuracy relative to the current OpenET ensemble method to varying degrees. The monthly mean absolute error of the weighted ensemble is reduced relative to the current method by 8% in agricultural settings, by 23% in shrublands and mixed forests, and by 5% in grasslands and evergreen forests. We produce weight maps that can be used to generate performance-weighted ensemble values for OpenET data. The results can be used to inform model selection and provide insight about the controls on model performance that could lead to model refinement.
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Water use has exceeded supply in USA’s Colorado River basin draining its two largest storage reservoirs (Lake Powell and Lake Mead). In 2022, Lake Powell began releasing water from its lower epilimnion into the Grand Canyon segment of the Colorado River, which (1) increased rates of fish passage from the reservoir through the dam and (2) created river temperatures suitable for establishment of non-native fishes. Subsequently, smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) reproduced there for the first time. To assist managers concerned about this invasion, we developed models that (1) predicted propagule pressure at different reservoir elevations and (2) linked reservoir storage/operations, water temperatures, and population dynamics to forecast smallmouth bass population growth potential. Maintaining Lake Powell elevations above 1094 m (3590 ft) would likely minimize propagule pressure from the reservoir and create downstream conditions that minimize smallmouth bass population growth. Dam and reservoir management will likely be less effective for managing smallmouth bass if smallmouth bass become abundant in far downstream reaches.
","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","doi":"10.1139/cjfas-2024-0187","usgsCitation":"Eppehimer, D.E., Yackulic, C.B., Bruckerhoff, L.A., Wang, J., Young, K.L., Bestgen, K.R., Mihalevich, B.A., and Schmidt, J.C., 2025, Declining reservoir elevations following a two-decade drought increase water temperatures and non-native fish passage facilitating a downstream invasion: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 82, p. 1-19, https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2024-0187.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"19","ipdsId":"IP-151886","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":493840,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"82","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-08-08","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eppehimer, Drew Elliot 0000-0003-0076-1494","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0076-1494","contributorId":333633,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eppehimer","given":"Drew","email":"","middleInitial":"Elliot","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":893441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yackulic, Charles B. 0000-0001-9661-0724 cyackulic@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9661-0724","contributorId":4662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yackulic","given":"Charles","email":"cyackulic@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":893442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bruckerhoff, Lindsey Ann 0000-0002-9523-4808","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9523-4808","contributorId":292594,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bruckerhoff","given":"Lindsey","email":"","middleInitial":"Ann","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":893443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wang, Jianghao","contributorId":195004,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wang","given":"Jianghao","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":893444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Young, Kirk L.","contributorId":204247,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Young","given":"Kirk","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":36188,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":893445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bestgen, Kevin R. 0000-0001-8691-2227","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8691-2227","contributorId":171573,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bestgen","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":6621,"text":"Colorado State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":893446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Mihalevich, Bryce Anthony 0000-0001-5492-221X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5492-221X","contributorId":304586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mihalevich","given":"Bryce","email":"","middleInitial":"Anthony","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":893447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Schmidt, John C. 0000-0002-2988-3869 jcschmidt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2988-3869","contributorId":1983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"John","email":"jcschmidt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":893448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70272679,"text":"70272679 - 2025 - Quantitative subsurface characterization illuminates the origin of the Quaternary Mississippi River Valley alluvial aquifer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-12-04T15:56:36.025068","indexId":"70272679","displayToPublicDate":"2025-08-08T09:48:21","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":17089,"text":"Communications Earth and Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantitative subsurface characterization illuminates the origin of the Quaternary Mississippi River Valley alluvial aquifer","docAbstract":"The Mississippi River Valley alluvial aquifer (MRVA) is vital to U.S. food security and global agricultural supply. However, quantitative understanding of its Quaternary origin, architecture, and hydrologic function remains incomplete. Here we develop a three-dimensional hydrostratigraphic model to characterize the deposition of clay and silt, fine-medium sands, and graveliferous sands using lithologic data from 75,000 boreholes compiled across the Lower Mississippi Valley and a geostatistical method—interval kriging. We find that cyclic glacial entrenchments, evidenced by remnants of pre-Wisconsinan postglacial sediments, alongside geodynamic activities shaped the MRVA basal configuration. Stratal weakening from faulting and salt diapirism enhanced glacial incision and thereby produced abrupt aquifer thickening. We demarcate the top of graveliferous sands as the regional marker of the Pleistocene-Holocene transition. The MRVA hydrostratigraphy reveals hydrologic function and geologic controls on groundwater storage and quality, advancing the assessment of aquifer sustainability under a changing climate, with implications for alluvial aquifers globally.
","language":"English","publisher":"Nature","doi":"10.1038/s43247-025-02545-1","usgsCitation":"Song, Y., Tsai, F.T., Minsley, B.J., Wu, C., and Heggy, E., 2025, Quantitative subsurface characterization illuminates the origin of the Quaternary Mississippi River Valley alluvial aquifer: Communications Earth and Environment, v. 6, 646, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-02545-1.","productDescription":"646, 16 p.","ipdsId":"IP-172339","costCenters":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":497110,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-02545-1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":497056,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas, Illinois, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, Tennessee","otherGeospatial":"Mississippi River Valley alluvial aquifer","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94,\n 38\n ],\n [\n -94,\n 28.5\n ],\n [\n -88,\n 28.5\n ],\n [\n -88,\n 38\n ],\n [\n -94,\n 38\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-08-08","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Song, Yuqi","contributorId":363220,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Song","given":"Yuqi","affiliations":[{"id":5115,"text":"Louisiana State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":951315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tsai, Frank T.-C.","contributorId":305938,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tsai","given":"Frank","email":"","middleInitial":"T.-C.","affiliations":[{"id":5115,"text":"Louisiana State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":951316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Minsley, Burke J. 0000-0003-1689-1306","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1689-1306","contributorId":248573,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Minsley","given":"Burke","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":951317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wu, Chenliang","contributorId":363221,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wu","given":"Chenliang","affiliations":[{"id":13500,"text":"Tulane University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":951318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Heggy, Essem","contributorId":363223,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Heggy","given":"Essem","affiliations":[{"id":13249,"text":"University of Southern California","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":951319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ]}