U-Pb dating of cassiterite and zircon from the Yazov granite (Transbaikalia region, Eastern Siberia, Russia) and cassiterite from spatially associated tin mineralization in the Tuyukan ore district in the Tonod uplift was conducted using in situ laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. These analyses allow comparison of isotopic systematics for both minerals, especially related to transport in granitic magma. These data are also useful for understanding possible genetic links between the granite and the tin mineralization. Most of the U-Pb zircon analyses define a 206Pb/238U age of 719 ± 15 Ma for the granite; in addition, several zircon cores define an inheritance age of 1839 ± 21 Ma. U-Pb data for 10 nearly concordant analyses of disseminated cassiterite from the same samples yield a 206Pb/238U age of 1838 ± 34 Ma. This is the first documented evidence of cassiterite inheritance in granitic magma. These data indicate the robust character of U-Pb isotope systematics in cassiterite, comparable to that in zircon. The presence of numerous inclusions of cassiterite in zircon from the Yazov granite (revealed by nanotomography) supports the interpretation of inherited cassiterite included during Neoproterozoic zircon crystallization. The data indicate that high tin concentrations in the Yazov granite are due to the incorporation of older cassiterite crystals from country rock, not coeval cassiterite crystallization. Cassiterite samples from two ore occurrences spatially associated with the Yazov granite yield Pb-Pb isochron ages of 1.86–1.82 Ga, indicating that tin mineralization occurred in the Paleoproterozoic, nearly 1 Ga before emplacement of the Yazov granite. Tin mineralization of the ore region is probably related to ~ 1.85 Ga Chuya-Kodar tin-bearing granitic rocks that host tin deposits. These results have broad implications for understanding how critical elements, such as tin, may become enriched in rare-metal granites and how they are related to regional to global geodynamic processes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00126-020-01038-9","usgsCitation":"Neymark, L., Holm-Denoma, C.S., Larin, A., Moscati, R.J., and Plotkina, Y., 2021, LA-ICPMS U-Pb dating reveals cassiterite inheritance in the Yazov granite, Eastern Siberia: Implications for tin mineralization: Mineralium Deposita, v. 56, p. 1177-1194, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00126-020-01038-9.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"1177","endPage":"1194","ipdsId":"IP-117908","costCenters":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":436597,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P97WPI1T","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"U-Pb data for inherited cassiterite in "Tin Granites", an example from the Yazov Granite, Eastern Siberia"},{"id":436596,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P97WPI1T","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"U-Pb data for inherited cassiterite in "Tin Granites", an example from the Yazov Granite, Eastern Siberia"},{"id":382056,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Russia","state":"Siberia","otherGeospatial":"Baikal region","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 104.4140625,\n 57.20771009775018\n ],\n [\n 120.2783203125,\n 57.20771009775018\n ],\n [\n 120.2783203125,\n 62.1655019058381\n ],\n [\n 104.4140625,\n 62.1655019058381\n ],\n [\n 104.4140625,\n 57.20771009775018\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"56","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-01-07","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Neymark, Leonid A. 0000-0003-4190-0278 lneymark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4190-0278","contributorId":140338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neymark","given":"Leonid A.","email":"lneymark@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":807885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Holm-Denoma, Christopher S. 0000-0003-3229-5440 cholm-denoma@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3229-5440","contributorId":2442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holm-Denoma","given":"Christopher","email":"cholm-denoma@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":807886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Larin, Anatoly","contributorId":247545,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Larin","given":"Anatoly","affiliations":[{"id":49576,"text":"IPGG","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":807887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Moscati, Richard J. 0000-0002-0818-4401 rmoscati@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0818-4401","contributorId":2462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moscati","given":"Richard","email":"rmoscati@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":807888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Plotkina, Yulia","contributorId":247546,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Plotkina","given":"Yulia","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":49576,"text":"IPGG","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":807889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70228333,"text":"70228333 - 2021 - Movements of selected minnows between the lower Yellowstone River and its tributaries","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-09T17:39:26.943825","indexId":"70228333","displayToPublicDate":"2021-01-06T11:31:43","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1176,"text":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Movements of selected minnows between the lower Yellowstone River and its tributaries","docAbstract":"Reduced population connectivity has been implicated as a cause of decreased distributions and abundances of many Great Plains fishes. However, scant empirical evidence quantifying movement and relating the contribution of spatial linkages to population abundances and resilience exists. We used otolith microchemistry analysis to characterize the movements of western silvery minnows (Hybognathus argyritis Girard, 1856), flathead chubs (Platygobio gracilis (Richardson, 1836)), and sand shiners (Notropis stramineus (Cope, 1865)) between the Yellowstone River and its tributaries. Sixty-nine percent of western silvery minnows, 65% of flathead chubs, and 42% of sand shiners moved between the Yellowstone River and tributaries. Mean total number of interchanges was highest among western silvery minnows (4.8 interchanges/mover), intermediate among flathead chubs (4.3 interchanges/mover), and lowest among sand shiners (1.4 interchanges/mover; P < 0.01). Natal movements were rare, but juvenile movements were common and frequent among all three species. Movements between main-stem and tributary habitats are probably prominent facets of the life cycles of other Great Plains minnows. Therefore, connectivity among such habitats should be a high conservation priority to enhance the long-term viability of such fishes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","doi":"10.1139/cjz-2020-0040","usgsCitation":"Duncan, M.B., Bramblett, R.G., and Zale, A.V., 2021, Movements of selected minnows between the lower Yellowstone River and its tributaries: Canadian Journal of Zoology, v. 99, no. 1, p. 45-56, https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2020-0040.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"45","endPage":"56","ipdsId":"IP-110520","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":395694,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Great Plains, Yellowstone River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.082763671875,\n 45.00365115687186\n ],\n [\n -111.082763671875,\n 44.972570682240644\n ],\n [\n -111.07177734375,\n 42.98053954751642\n ],\n [\n -104.051513671875,\n 42.96446257387128\n ],\n [\n -104.04052734375,\n 48.23930899024907\n ],\n [\n -111.02783203125,\n 45.96642454131025\n ],\n [\n -111.082763671875,\n 45.00365115687186\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"99","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Duncan, Michael B.","contributorId":169856,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Duncan","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":13655,"text":"Montana State Univ.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":833803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bramblett, Robert G.","contributorId":169857,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bramblett","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":5098,"text":"Department of Ecology, Montana State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":833802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zale, Alexander V. 0000-0003-1703-885X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1703-885X","contributorId":244099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zale","given":"Alexander","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":833804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70218472,"text":"70218472 - 2021 - Broader impacts for ecologists: Biological soil crust as a model system for education","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-01T16:24:24.743096","indexId":"70218472","displayToPublicDate":"2021-01-05T10:19:22","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1702,"text":"Frontiers in Microbiology","onlineIssn":"1664-302X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Broader impacts for ecologists: Biological soil crust as a model system for education","docAbstract":"Biological soil crusts (biocrusts) are a complex community of algae, cyanobacteria, lichens, bryophytes, and assorted bacteria, fungi, archaea, and bacteriophages that colonize the soil surface. Biocrusts are particularly common in drylands and are found in arid and semiarid ecosystems worldwide. While diminutive in size, biocrusts often cover large terrestrial areas, provide numerous ecosystem benefits, enhance biodiversity, and are found in multiple configurations and assemblages across different climate and disturbance regimes. Biocrusts have been a focus of many ecologists, especially those working in semiarid and arid lands, as biocrusts are foundational community members, play fundamental roles in ecosystem processes, and offer rare opportunities to study biological interactions at small and large spatial scales. Due to these same characteristics, biocrusts have the potential to serve as an excellent teaching tool. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the utility of biocrust communities as a model system in science education. Functioning as portable, dynamic mini ecosystems, biocrusts can be used to teach about organisms, biodiversity, biotic interactions, abiotic controls, ecosystem processes, and even global change, and can be easy to use in nearly every classroom setup. For example, education principles, such as evolution and adaptation to stress, or structure and function (patterns and processes) can be applied by bringing biocrusts into the classroom as a teaching tool. In addition, discussing the utility of biocrusts in the classroom – including theory, hypothesis testing, experimentation, and hands-on learning – this document also provides tips and resources for developing education tools and activities geared toward impactful learning.
","language":"English","publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2020.577922","usgsCitation":"Faist, A.M., Antoninka, A.J., Barger, N.N., Bowker, M., Chaudhary, V.B., Havrilla, C.A., Huber-Saanwald, E., Reed, S., and Weber, B., 2021, Broader impacts for ecologists: Biological soil crust as a model system for education: Frontiers in Microbiology, v. 11, 577922, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.577922.","productDescription":"577922, 6 p.","ipdsId":"IP-124195","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":453931,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.577922","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":383690,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-01-05","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Faist, Alasha M.","contributorId":252912,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Faist","given":"Alasha","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":50467,"text":"Department of Animal and Range Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":811110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Antoninka, Anita J.","contributorId":240674,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Antoninka","given":"Anita","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":811111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barger, Nichole N.","contributorId":193039,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barger","given":"Nichole","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":811112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bowker, Matthew A.","contributorId":240683,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bowker","given":"Matthew A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":811113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Chaudhary, V. Bala","contributorId":252913,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chaudhary","given":"V.","email":"","middleInitial":"Bala","affiliations":[{"id":50468,"text":"Department of Environmental Science and Studies, DePaul University Chicago IL, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":811114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Havrilla, Caroline A. 0000-0003-3913-0980","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3913-0980","contributorId":146326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Havrilla","given":"Caroline","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":16669,"text":"U of CO, Boulder","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":811115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Huber-Saanwald, Elisabeth","contributorId":252914,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Huber-Saanwald","given":"Elisabeth","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":50469,"text":"División de Ciencias Ambientales, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, San Luis Potosí, Mexico","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":811116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Reed, Sasha C. 0000-0002-8597-8619","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8597-8619","contributorId":205372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"Sasha C.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":811117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Weber, Bettina","contributorId":196800,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Weber","given":"Bettina","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":811118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70218684,"text":"70218684 - 2021 - Comparison of simple averaging and latent class modeling to estimate the area of land cover in the presence of reference data variability","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-05T14:07:30.426022","indexId":"70218684","displayToPublicDate":"2021-01-04T08:03:55","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2596,"text":"Land","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of simple averaging and latent class modeling to estimate the area of land cover in the presence of reference data variability","docAbstract":"Although small earthquakes are expected to produce weak shaking, ground motion is highly variable and there are outlier earthquakes that generate more shaking than expected—sometimes significantly more. We explore datasets of M 0.5–8.3 earthquakes to determine the relative impact of frequent, smaller-magnitude earthquakes that rarely produce strong ground motion, to rare, large earthquakes that always cause strong shaking. We find that the natural variability of ground motion, combined with the Gutenberg–Richter magnitude–frequency relationship, ensures that most occurrences of any ground motion come from earthquakes of smaller magnitude than expected, often > 2 magnitude units smaller. This holds even for very strong shaking ( > 20%g), suggesting that M < 7 earthquakes could be a significant source of damage.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0220200165","usgsCitation":"Minson, S.E., Baltay Sundstrom, A.S., Cochran, E.S., McBride, S., and Milner, K.R., 2021, Shaking is almost always a surprise: The earthquakes that produce significant ground motion: Seismological Research Letters, v. 92, no. 1, p. 460-468, https://doi.org/10.1785/0220200165.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"460","endPage":"468","ipdsId":"IP-103966","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":407598,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"92","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-11-04","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Minson, Sarah E. 0000-0001-5869-3477 sminson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5869-3477","contributorId":5357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Minson","given":"Sarah","email":"sminson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":853332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baltay, Annemarie S. 0000-0002-6514-852X abaltay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6514-852X","contributorId":4932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baltay","given":"Annemarie","email":"abaltay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":853333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cochran, Elizabeth S. 0000-0003-2485-4484 ecochran@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2485-4484","contributorId":2025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cochran","given":"Elizabeth","email":"ecochran@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":853334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McBride, Sara K. 0000-0002-8062-6542","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8062-6542","contributorId":206933,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McBride","given":"Sara K.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":853336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Milner, Kevin R.","contributorId":63494,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milner","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":853335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70217834,"text":"70217834 - 2021 - Geometry of obstacle marks at instream boulders-Integration of laboratory investigations and field observations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-08T14:51:04.593867","indexId":"70217834","displayToPublicDate":"2020-12-23T08:07:17","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1425,"text":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geometry of obstacle marks at instream boulders-Integration of laboratory investigations and field observations","docAbstract":"Obstacle marks are instream bedforms, typically composed of an upstream frontal scour hole and a downstream sediment accumulation in the vicinity of an obstacle. Local scouring at infrastructure (e.g. bridge piers) is a well‐studied phenomenon in hydraulic engineering, while less attention is given to the time‐dependent evolution of frontal scour holes at instream boulders and their geometric relations (depth to width, and length ratio). Furthermore, a comparison between laboratory studies and field observations is rare. Therefore, the morphodynamic importance of such scour features to fluvial sediment transport and morphological change is largely unknown. In this study, obstacle marks at boulder‐like obstructions were physically modelled in 30 unscaled process‐focused flume experiments (runtime per experiment ≥ 5760 min) at a range of flows (subcritical, clear‐water conditions, emergent and submerged water levels) and boundary conditions designed to represent the field setting (i.e. obstacle tilting, and limited thickness of the alluvial layer). Additionally, geometries of scour holes at 90 in‐situ boulders (diameter ≥ 1 m) located in a 50‐km segment of the Colorado River in Marble Canyon (AZ) were measured from a 1 m‐resolution digital elevation model. Flume experiments reveal similar evolution of local scouring, irrespective of hydraulic conditions, controlled by the scour incision, whereas the thickness of the alluvial layer and obstacle tilting into the evolving frontal scour hole limit incision. Three temporal evolution phases—(1) rapid incision, (2) decreasing incision, and (3) scour widening—are identified based on statistical analysis of spatiotemporal bed elevation time series. A quantitative model is presented that mechanistically predicts enlargement in local scour length and width based on (1) scour depth, (2) the inclination of scour slopes, and (3) the planform area of the frontal scour hole bottom. The comparison of field observations and laboratory results demonstrates scale invariance of geometry, which implies similitude of processes and form rather than equifinality.
I explore why physics‐based models of earthquake triggering rarely outperform statistical models in prospective testing, outside of limited spatial‐temporal windows. Pseudo‐prospective tests on suites of synthetic aftershock sequences show that a major factor is the level of unmodeled spatial clustering of the direct aftershocks triggered by the mainshock. The synthetic sequences are generated from generalized “physical” triggering models, optionally superimposed on background heterogeneity that controls the level of clustering. The statistical Epidemic Type Aftershock Sequence (ETAS) model performs relatively better the more clustered the direct aftershocks, while the true generalized “physical” model performs relatively worse. Real aftershocks appear to be sufficiently clustered to allow ETAS to perform as well as or better than physical models such as Coulomb stress triggering. A likely cause of the spatial clustering of direct aftershocks is heterogeneity of the background physical conditions, which typically is not modeled in physics‐based forecasts. This implies that the forecast performance of physical models could be substantially improved through a better understanding of the interaction between earthquake stress changes and variable background physical conditions such as stress state, fault strength, and fluid pressure.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2020JB020824","usgsCitation":"Hardebeck, J.L., 2021, Spatial clustering of aftershocks impacts the performance of physics‐based earthquake forecasting models: JGR Solid Earth, v. 126, no. 2, e2020JB020824, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JB020824.","productDescription":"e2020JB020824, 16 p.","ipdsId":"IP-117739","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":384260,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"126","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-01-27","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hardebeck, Jeanne L. 0000-0002-6737-7780","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6737-7780","contributorId":254964,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hardebeck","given":"Jeanne","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":811557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70217066,"text":"70217066 - 2021 - Development of genetic baseline information to support the conservation and management of wild Brook Trout in North Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-30T17:41:53.333707","indexId":"70217066","displayToPublicDate":"2020-12-20T06:35:58","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Development of genetic baseline information to support the conservation and management of wild Brook Trout in North Carolina","docAbstract":"Following centuries of declines, there is growing interest in conserving extant wild populations and reintroducing Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) populations of native ancestry. A population genetic baseline can enhance conservation outcomes and promote restoration success. Consequently, it is important to document existing patterns of genetic variation across the landscape and translate these data into an approachable format for fisheries managers. We genotyped 9,507 Brook Trout representing 467 wild collections at 12 microsatellite loci to establish a genetic baseline for North Carolina, USA. Rarefied allelic richness and observed heterozygosity, which reflect within‐population diversity, were low to moderate relative to levels typically observed at higher latitudes (means = 3.12 and 0.42, respectively). Effective population sizes varied widely, but were often very low (151 collections with an estimated Ne < 10). Despite decades of intensive stocking across the state, we found little to no evidence of hatchery introgression in most populations. Although genetic variation was significant at a variety of spatial scales (mean pairwise F’ST = 0.73), substantial genetic variation occurred between patches within individual watersheds. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) found that a substantial portion (28.5%) of the observed genetic variation was attributed to differences among populations, with additional genetic variation among hydrological units (HUCs; 16.0%, 16.6%, 12.1%, and 9.4% of the overall variation among twelve‐, ten‐, eight‐, and six‐digit HUCs, respectively). We discuss a suite of potential applications for this type of genetic data to enhance management outcomes, such as conservation prioritization and selection of source stocks for reintroductions or genetic rescue.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1002/nafm.10569","usgsCitation":"Kazyak, D., Lubinski, B.A., Rash, J.M., Johnson, T.C., and King, T.L., 2021, Development of genetic baseline information to support the conservation and management of wild Brook Trout in North Carolina: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 41, no. 3, p. 626-638, https://doi.org/10.1002/nafm.10569.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"626","endPage":"638","ipdsId":"IP-101589","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":381793,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.860595703125,\n 36.53612263184686\n ],\n [\n -81.7822265625,\n 36.63316209558658\n ],\n [\n -83.84765625,\n 35.460669951495305\n ],\n [\n -84.375,\n 35.02999636902566\n ],\n [\n -81.03515625,\n 35.28150065789119\n ],\n [\n -80.7275390625,\n 34.813803317113155\n ],\n [\n -79.4970703125,\n 34.813803317113155\n ],\n [\n -78.44238281249999,\n 33.797408767572485\n ],\n [\n -76.2451171875,\n 34.994003757575776\n ],\n [\n -75.7177734375,\n 35.817813158696616\n ],\n [\n -75.860595703125,\n 36.53612263184686\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"41","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-12-20","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kazyak, David C. 0000-0001-9860-4045","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9860-4045","contributorId":202481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kazyak","given":"David C.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":807465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lubinski, Barbara A. 0000-0003-3568-2569","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3568-2569","contributorId":202483,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lubinski","given":"Barbara","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":807466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rash, Jacob M","contributorId":218128,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rash","given":"Jacob","email":"","middleInitial":"M","affiliations":[{"id":39760,"text":"Division of Inland Fisheries, North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":807467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johnson, Thomas C","contributorId":245999,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"C","affiliations":[{"id":36454,"text":"North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":807468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"King, Timothy L.","contributorId":199023,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"King","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":807469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70218027,"text":"70218027 - 2021 - High elevation ice patch documents Holocene climate variability in the northern Rocky Mountains","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-12T13:19:54.335361","indexId":"70218027","displayToPublicDate":"2020-12-15T07:09:46","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":7169,"text":"Quaternary Science Advances","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"High elevation ice patch documents Holocene climate variability in the northern Rocky Mountains","docAbstract":"Paleoclimate records from ice cores generally are considered to be the most direct indicators of environmental change, but are rare from mid-latitude, continental regions such as the western United States. High-elevation ice patches are known to be important archaeological archives in alpine regions and potentially could provide records important for Earth System Model evaluation and to understand linkages between climate and early human activities, but this potential largely is unexplored. Here we use a well-dated ice-core record from a shallow ice patch to investigate Rocky Mountain winter-season climate during the Holocene. Our records indicate that this ice patch consistently accumulated ice over the past 10 kyr, preserving a regionally representative climate record of stable water isotopes and ice accretion rates that documented generally cooler and wetter conditions during the early Holocene and 500 years of anomalous winter season warmth centered at 4100 cal yr BP followed by a rapid cooling and 1500 years of cooler and wetter winters.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.qsa.2020.100021","usgsCitation":"Chellman, N.J., Pederson, G.T., Lee, C., McWethy, D., Pusman, K., Stone, J.R., Brown, S., and McConnell, J.R., 2021, High elevation ice patch documents Holocene climate variability in the northern Rocky Mountains: Quaternary Science Advances, v. 3, 100021, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.qsa.2020.100021.","productDescription":"100021, 8 p.","ipdsId":"IP-102980","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":454090,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.qsa.2020.100021","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":383250,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana, Colorado, Utah, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Upper Kintla Lake, Beartooth ice patch, Emerald Lake, Beauty Lake, Island Lake, Bighorn Basin, Minnetonka Cave, Bison Lake","volume":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chellman, Nathan J.","contributorId":140597,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chellman","given":"Nathan","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":810252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pederson, Gregory T. 0000-0002-6014-1425 gpederson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6014-1425","contributorId":3106,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pederson","given":"Gregory","email":"gpederson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":810253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lee, Craig","contributorId":250716,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lee","given":"Craig","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":50230,"text":"University of Colorado, Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research (INSTAAR), Boulder, CO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":810254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McWethy, Dave","contributorId":250717,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McWethy","given":"Dave","affiliations":[{"id":50231,"text":"Montana State University, Department of Earth Sciences, Bozeman, MT","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":810255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pusman, Kathryn","contributorId":250718,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pusman","given":"Kathryn","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":50232,"text":"Paleoscapes Archaeobotanical Services Team, Baily, CO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":810256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Stone, Jeffery R.","contributorId":222205,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stone","given":"Jeffery","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":810257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Brown, Sabrina R.","contributorId":222194,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"Sabrina R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":810258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"McConnell, Joseph R.","contributorId":191064,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McConnell","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":810259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70219122,"text":"70219122 - 2021 - Direct observation of the depth of active groundwater circulation in an alpine watershed","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-25T11:55:26.683201","indexId":"70219122","displayToPublicDate":"2020-12-14T06:42:09","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Direct observation of the depth of active groundwater circulation in an alpine watershed","docAbstract":"The depth of active groundwater circulation is a fundamental control on stream flows and chemistry in mountain watersheds, yet it remains challenging to characterize and is rarely well constrained. We collected hydraulic conductivity, hydraulic head, temperature, chemical, noble gas, and 3H/3He groundwater age data from discrete levels in two boreholes 46 and 81 m deep in an alpine watershed, in combination with chemical and age data from shallow groundwater discharge, to discern groundwater flow rates at different depths and directly observe active and inactive groundwater. Vertical head gradients are steep (average of 0.4) and thermal profiles are consistent with typical linear conductive continental geotherms. Groundwater deeper than ∼20 m is distinct from shallow groundwater and creek water in its chemistry, noble gas signature, and age (dominantly >65 years compared to <9 years). Together these results suggest low vertical groundwater flow velocities and a relatively shallow active circulation depth of ∼20 m. This hypothesis is tested with a simple 2‐D numerical fluid flow and heat transport model representing a hillslope transect through the two boreholes. The modeling indicates that the subhorizontally bedded sedimentary rocks underlying the basin are highly anisotropic with low vertical hydraulic conductivity, and at most ∼10% of bedrock recharge (equivalent to <2% of stream baseflow) flows below a depth of 20 m. The study demonstrates the considerable value of discrete‐depth hydrogeologic, chemical, and age data for determining active circulation depth, and illustrates an approach for maximizing the utility of individual boreholes drilled for mountain bedrock aquifer characterization.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2020WR028548","usgsCitation":"Manning, A.H., Ball, L.B., Wanty, R., and Williams, K.H., 2021, Direct observation of the depth of active groundwater circulation in an alpine watershed: Water Resources Research, v. 57, no. 2, e2020WR028548, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2020WR028548.","productDescription":"e2020WR028548, 21 p.","ipdsId":"IP-121573","costCenters":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488814,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2020wr028548","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":384621,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Redwell Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -107.13043212890625,\n 38.792626957868904\n ],\n [\n -106.80084228515625,\n 38.792626957868904\n ],\n [\n -106.80084228515625,\n 38.99997583555929\n ],\n [\n -107.13043212890625,\n 38.99997583555929\n ],\n [\n -107.13043212890625,\n 38.792626957868904\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"57","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-02-04","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Manning, Andrew H. 0000-0002-6404-1237 amanning@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6404-1237","contributorId":1305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manning","given":"Andrew","email":"amanning@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":812857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ball, Lyndsay B. 0000-0002-6356-4693 lbball@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6356-4693","contributorId":1138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ball","given":"Lyndsay","email":"lbball@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":812858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wanty, Richard B. 0000-0002-2063-6423","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2063-6423","contributorId":209899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wanty","given":"Richard","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":812859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Williams, Kenneth H. 0000-0002-3568-1155","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3568-1155","contributorId":176791,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Williams","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":812860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70218730,"text":"70218730 - 2021 - Seasonal periphyton response to low-level nutrient exposure in a least disturbed mountain stream, the Buffalo River, Arkansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-10T13:14:06.685619","indexId":"70218730","displayToPublicDate":"2020-12-11T07:06:33","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1456,"text":"Ecological Indicators","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seasonal periphyton response to low-level nutrient exposure in a least disturbed mountain stream, the Buffalo River, Arkansas","docAbstract":"Like most streams located in the Ozark Plateaus, the Buffalo River in Arkansas generally has excellent water quality. Water-quality conditions in Big Creek, however, a major tributary of the middle Buffalo River, have been less favorable than that of other Buffalo River tributaries. Concerns regarding the influence of water quality in Big Creek on the Buffalo River magnified in 2013 when a large confined animal feeding operation (CAFO) began operating in the watershed. In response to these concerns, the U.S. Geological Survey compared monthly nutrient concentrations and seasonal periphyton assemblage metrics of a site on Big Creek downstream of the CAFO, two Buffalo River control sites upstream of the confluence with Big Creek, and three Buffalo River test sites downstream of the confluence with Big Creek. In addition to identifying potential nutrient patterns and periphyton responses along a low-level nutrient exposure gradient, the study determined how nutrient contributions from Big Creek (and the CAFO) are affecting ecological conditions and consequent ecosystem services in the Buffalo River. Nutrient and periphyton data exhibited more temporal than spatial variability. Nutrient concentrations were generally highest of all sites at the Big Creek site. Concentrations at the five sites on the Buffalo River were typically low (near laboratory reporting limits), and concentrations at the three test sites rarely exceeded those of the two control sites. An index developed with three ecologically relevant periphyton metrics (oligotrophic taxa and Homoeothrix percent relative abundance and mesotrophic diatoms percent taxa richness) suggested that nutrient uptake at sites downstream of the Big Creek-Buffalo River confluence resulted in subtle shifts in downstream periphyton assemblages. The periphyton index of biological integrity at control sites was slightly and generally more favorable compared to test sites. Even so, when periphyton data were considered in conjunction with both hydrology and water-quality data, the negative consequences of antecedent high flows and associated scouring exceeded the potential positive effects that low-level nutrients had on algal productivity. These findings emphasize the importance of comparing biological and chemical data across extended temporal scales, particularly when working with low-level nutrient gradients.
Natural resources such as waterbodies, public parks, and wildlife refuges attract people from varying distances on the landscape, creating \"social-ecological catchments.\" Catchments have provided great utility for understanding physical and social relationships within specific disciplines. Yet, catchments are rarely used across disciplines, such as its application to understand complex spatiotemporal dynamics between mobile human users and patchily distributed natural resources. We collected residence ZIP codes from 19,983 angler parties during 2014–2017 to construct seven angler–waterbody catchments in Nebraska, USA. We predicted that sizes of dense (10% utilization distribution) and dispersed (95% utilization distribution) angler–waterbody catchments would change across seasons and years as a function of diverse resource selection among mobile anglers. Contrary to expectations, we revealed that catchment size was invariant. We discuss how social (conservation actions) and ecological (low water quality, reduction in species diversity) conditions are expected to impact landscape patterns in resource use. We highlight how this simple concept and user-friendly technique can inform timely landscape-level conservation decisions within coupled social-ecological systems that are currently difficult to study and understand.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1002/eap.2272","usgsCitation":"Kaemingk, M., Bender, C.N., Chizinski, C., Bunch, A., and Pope, K.L., 2021, Temporal invariance of social-ecological catchments: Ecological Applications, v. 31, no. 2, e02272, 7 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.2272.","productDescription":"e02272, 7 p.","ipdsId":"IP-118117","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":395920,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-01-24","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kaemingk, Mark A.","contributorId":276159,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kaemingk","given":"Mark A.","affiliations":[{"id":36892,"text":"University of Nebraska","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":834615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bender, Christine N.","contributorId":276158,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bender","given":"Christine","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":17640,"text":"Nebraska Game and Parks Commission","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":834614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chizinski, Christopher J.","contributorId":274559,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chizinski","given":"Christopher J.","affiliations":[{"id":36892,"text":"University of Nebraska","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":834616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bunch, Aaron J.","contributorId":276161,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bunch","given":"Aaron J.","affiliations":[{"id":7084,"text":"Clemson University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":834617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pope, Kevin L. 0000-0003-1876-1687","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1876-1687","contributorId":270762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pope","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":506,"text":"Office of the AD Ecosystems","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":834618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70216879,"text":"70216879 - 2021 - Ocean floor manganese deposits","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-11T14:49:39.09465","indexId":"70216879","displayToPublicDate":"2020-12-02T08:46:13","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Ocean floor manganese deposits","docAbstract":"Much of the dissolved Mn delivered to the oceans is slowly oxidized and precipitated alongside varying amounts of Fe into Mn and ferromanganese (FeMn) mineral deposits that occur extensively in the deep ocean wherever sediment accumulation is low and substrate is available. FeMn crusts grow as pavements on rock outcrops throughout the global ocean whereas nodules form as individual FeMn-encrusted particles on the sediment-covered abyssal plains. Both crusts and nodules are composed predominantly of Fe and Mn oxide minerals that precipitate from seawater and for some nodules also from porewaters of deep-sea sediment. In contrast, hydrothermal oxide deposits consist predominantly of Mn or Fe oxide. FeMn crusts and nodules exhibit very high specific surface areas that allow them to scavenge abundant metals and other elements, recording the history of the source waters. Crusts especially serve as an important record of paleoceanographic conditions over the past 70 + million years. Critical metals essential to many computer, military, and green technologies are enriched in crust and nodule deposits to concentrations high enough to compare with, or exceed, typical terrestrial deposits, and they can be considered as potential resources for mining in the near future. Twenty-three contracts pertaining to exploration for nodules and crusts have been signed with the International Seabed Authority, and resource/reserve, baseline, and environmental impact assessments are underway. Many challenges remain to be addressed before full-scale mining of marine FeMn deposits will occur. However, their unique genesis and the growing worldwide need for rare and critical metals keep these deep-ocean deposits relevant to industry, scientists, and governments.
Quantifiable estimates of predator–prey interactions and relationships in aquatic habitats are difficult to obtain and rare, especially when individuals cannot be readily observed. To overcome this observational impediment, imaging sonar was used to assess the cooccurrence of predator‐size fish and juvenile salmonids, Oncorhynchus spp., at the entrance to a floating surface collector (FSC) in the forebay of North Fork Dam on the Clackamas River, Oregon (USA). Imaging sonar can be used to transform active sound waves into visual data, making it possible to obtain continuous underwater observations on the presence and interspecific interactions between predator‐size fish and prey (juvenile salmonids). Hourly counts of smolt‐size fish tracks, diel phase, water clarity and river discharge were used as covariates within a zero‐inflated Poisson model to determine how these factors may influence the number of predators in front of the FSC. Both the number of smolt‐size fish tracks and diel phase had the strongest effects on the number of predator‐size fish tracks, with more predator‐size fish tracks observed during the daytime, and as the number of smolt‐size fish tracks increased. Additionally, the presence of predator‐size fish may affect the abundance and direction of travel of juvenile salmonids, as fewer smolt‐size fish were observed when predators were present, and a greater proportion of smolt‐size fish were observed travelling away from the FSC when predator‐size fish were present. This study provides estimates of predator and prey fish abundance in the vicinity of surface collection systems at moderate‐sized hydropower projects and could help resource managers better understand mechanisms that can influence the survival and passage behaviour of juvenile salmonids using surface collection structures at dams.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/fme.12465","usgsCitation":"Smith, C.D., Plumb, J., Adams, N.S., and Wyatt, G.J., 2021, Predator and prey events at the entrance of a surface‐oriented fish collector at North Fork Dam, Oregon: Fisheries Management and Ecology, v. 28, no. 2, p. 172-182, https://doi.org/10.1111/fme.12465.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"172","endPage":"182","ipdsId":"IP-097283","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":384347,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","city":"Estacada","otherGeospatial":"North Fork Dam","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.38632202148438,\n 45.273920035433605\n ],\n [\n -122.27645874023438,\n 45.273920035433605\n ],\n [\n -122.27645874023438,\n 45.319323121350145\n ],\n [\n -122.38632202148438,\n 45.319323121350145\n ],\n [\n -122.38632202148438,\n 45.273920035433605\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"28","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Collin D. 0000-0003-4184-5686 cdsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4184-5686","contributorId":3111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Collin","email":"cdsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":811722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Plumb, John M. 0000-0003-4255-1612","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4255-1612","contributorId":220178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plumb","given":"John","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":811723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Adams, Noah S. 0000-0002-8354-0293 nadams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8354-0293","contributorId":3521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Noah","email":"nadams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":811724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wyatt, Garth J","contributorId":214904,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wyatt","given":"Garth","email":"","middleInitial":"J","affiliations":[{"id":39135,"text":"Portland General Electric, 33831 Faraday Rd., Estacada, Oregon 97023","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":811725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70216862,"text":"70216862 - 2021 - Review of trap-and-haul for managing Pacific salmonids (Oncorhynchus spp.) in impounded river systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-17T22:20:09.735913","indexId":"70216862","displayToPublicDate":"2020-11-21T07:39:19","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3278,"text":"Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Review of trap-and-haul for managing Pacific salmonids (Oncorhynchus spp.) in impounded river systems","docAbstract":"High-head dams are migration barriers for Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. in many river systems and recovery measures for impacted stocks are limited. Trap-and-haul has been widely used in attempts to facilitate recovery but information from existing programs has not been synthesized to inform improvements to aid recovery of salmonids in systems with high-head dams. We reviewed 17 trap-and-haul programs regarding Pacific salmon to: (1) summarize information about facility design, operation and biological effects; (2) identify critical knowledge gaps; and (3) evaluate trap-and-haul as a current and future management tool. Existing programs are operated to address a range of management goals including restoring access to historical habitats, temporarily reducing exposure to dangerous in-river conditions, and reintroducing ecological processes upstream from dams. Information gathered from decades of operation on facility design criteria and fish handling protocols, and robust literature on fish collection and passage are available. While many aspects of trap-and-haul have been evaluated, effects on population productivity and sustainability remain poorly understood. Long-term and systematic studies of trap-and-haul outcomes are rare, and assessments can be confounded by concurrent management actions and broad ecological and climatic effects. Existing data suggest that performance and effectiveness vary among programs and over various time scales within programs. Although critical information gaps exist, trap-and-haul is an important management and conservation tool for providing Pacific salmonids access to historical habitats. Successful application of trap-and-haul programs requires long-term commitment and an adaptive management approach by dam owners and stakeholders, and careful planning of new programs.
Cooper's Hawks (Accipiter cooperii) typically lay 3–5 eggs per clutch, rarely 6 eggs, and there are 2 accounts of 7-egg clutches and 1 record of a maximum 8-egg clutch for the species. Brood sizes of 3–5 young are common and the previous maximum brood count is 6 young. However, in 2019, we found an urban nest in Stevens Point, Wisconsin, with 7 eggs that resulted in a record high of 7 fledglings. We genetically confirmed that the attending male sired all the offspring and the attending female laid all 7 eggs. Larger body size of the tending adults may have been a factor in the exceptional reproduction reported here.
","language":"English","publisher":"Allen Press","doi":"10.1676/1559-4491-132.2.460","usgsCitation":"Rosenfield, R.N., Sonsthagen, S.A., Riddle-Berntsen, A.E., and Kuhel, E., 2021, Record fledging count from a seven-egg clutch in the Cooper’s Hawk (Accipiter cooperii): Wilson Journal of Ornithology, v. 132, no. 2, p. 460-463, https://doi.org/10.1676/1559-4491-132.2.460.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"460","endPage":"463","ipdsId":"IP-113425","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":436639,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P914SGB1","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Genetic Data from Cooper's Hawks (Accipiter cooperii), North America"},{"id":436638,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P914SGB1","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Genetic Data from Cooper's Hawks (Accipiter cooperii), North America"},{"id":382527,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","city":"Stevens Point","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.65427398681639,\n 44.46613109099745\n ],\n [\n -89.46338653564453,\n 44.46613109099745\n ],\n [\n -89.46338653564453,\n 44.593401045429374\n ],\n [\n -89.65427398681639,\n 44.593401045429374\n ],\n [\n -89.65427398681639,\n 44.46613109099745\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"132","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rosenfield, Robert N.","contributorId":94013,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rosenfield","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":806746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sonsthagen, Sarah A. 0000-0001-6215-5874 ssonsthagen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6215-5874","contributorId":3711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sonsthagen","given":"Sarah","email":"ssonsthagen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":806747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Riddle-Berntsen, Ann Elizabeth 0000-0002-1925-0849","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1925-0849","contributorId":245652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riddle-Berntsen","given":"Ann","email":"","middleInitial":"Elizabeth","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":806748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kuhel, Evan","contributorId":245653,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kuhel","given":"Evan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":33303,"text":"University of Wisconsin Stevens Point","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":806749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70217153,"text":"70217153 - 2021 - From satellites to frogs: Quantifying ecohydrological change, drought mitigation, and population demography in desert meadows","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-07T13:34:01.062177","indexId":"70217153","displayToPublicDate":"2020-11-12T07:32:38","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"From satellites to frogs: Quantifying ecohydrological change, drought mitigation, and population demography in desert meadows","docAbstract":"Increasing frequency and severity of droughts have motivated natural resource managers to mitigate harmful ecological and hydrological effects of drought, but drought mitigation is an emerging science and evaluating its effectiveness is difficult. We examined ecohydrological responses of drought mitigation actions aimed at conserving populations of the Columbia spotted frog (Rana luteiventris) in a semi-arid valley in Nevada, USA. Abundance of this rare frog had declined precipitously after multiple droughts. Mitigation included excavating ponds to increase available surface water and installing earthen dams to raise water tables. We assessed responses of riparian vegetation to mitigation using a 30-year time series of satellite-derived Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and gridded weather data. We then analyzed a 23-year mark-recapture dataset to evaluate the effects of drought mitigation and NDVI on the probability of frog survival and rates of recruitment. After accounting for interannual precipitation variability, we found that NDVI increased significantly from before to after drought mitigation, suggesting that mitigation influenced the hydrology and vegetation of the meadows. Frog survival increased with NDVI, but mitigation had a stronger effect than NDVI suggesting that excavated mitigation ponds were particularly important for frog survival during drought. In contrast, frog recruitment was associated with NDVI more than mitigation, but only in meadows where NDVI was dependent on precipitation. At meadows with available groundwater, recruitment was associated with mitigation ponds. These findings suggest that mitigation ponds are critical for juvenile frogs to recruit into the adult population, but recruitment can also be increased by raising water tables in meadows lacking groundwater sources. Lagged recruitment (i.e., effects on larvae and juveniles) was negatively associated with NDVI. This study illustrates the ecohydrological complexity of drought mitigation and demonstrates novel ways to assess the effectiveness of drought mitigation using time series of readily available satellite imagery and organismal data.
Human-mediated hybridization threatens many native species, but the effects of introgressive hybridization on life-history expression are rarely quantified, especially in vertebrates. We quantified the effects of non-native rainbow trout admixture on important life-history traits including growth and partial migration behavior in three populations of westslope cutthroat trout over five years. Rainbow trout admixture was associated with increased summer growth rates in all populations and decreased spring growth rates in two populations with cooler spring temperatures. These results indicate that non-native admixture may increase growth under warmer conditions, but cutthroat trout have higher growth rates during cooler periods. Non-native admixture consistently increased expression of migratory behavior, suggesting that there is a genomic basis for life-history differences between these species. Our results show that effects of interspecific hybridization on fitness traits can be the product of genotype-by-environment interactions even when there are minor differences in environmental optima between hybridizing species. These results also indicate that while environmentally mediated traits like growth may play a role in population-level consequences of admixture, strong genetic influences on migratory life-history differences between these species likely explains the continued spread of non-native hybridization at the landscape-level, despite selection against hybrids at the population-level.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/eva.13163","usgsCitation":"Strait, J., Eby, L., Kovach, R., Muhlfeld, C.C., Boyer, M., Amish, S.J., Smith, S., Lowe, W., and Luikart, G., 2021, Hybridization alters growth and migratory life-history expression of native trout: Evolutionary Applications, v. 14, p. 821-833, https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.13163.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"821","endPage":"833","ipdsId":"IP-120443","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":454307,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.13163","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":387126,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -115.213623046875,\n 47.04766864046083\n ],\n [\n -111.64306640625,\n 47.04766864046083\n ],\n [\n -111.64306640625,\n 49.009050809382046\n ],\n [\n -115.213623046875,\n 49.009050809382046\n ],\n [\n -115.213623046875,\n 47.04766864046083\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"14","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-12-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Strait, Jeffrey 0000-0002-0901-3911","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0901-3911","contributorId":260879,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Strait","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36523,"text":"University of Montana","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":819039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eby, Lisa A","contributorId":251751,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eby","given":"Lisa A","affiliations":[{"id":36523,"text":"University of Montana","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":819040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kovach, Ryan P.","contributorId":126724,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kovach","given":"Ryan P.","affiliations":[{"id":6580,"text":"University of Montana, Flathead Lake Biological Station, Polson, Montana 59860, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":819041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Muhlfeld, Clint C. 0000-0002-4599-4059 cmuhlfeld@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4599-4059","contributorId":924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muhlfeld","given":"Clint","email":"cmuhlfeld@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":819042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Boyer, Matthew","contributorId":124595,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boyer","given":"Matthew","affiliations":[{"id":5133,"text":"Montana Fish Wildlife and Parks, Kalispell, Montana 59901","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":819043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Amish, Stephen J.","contributorId":104799,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Amish","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":5097,"text":"University of Montana, Division of Biological Sciences","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":819044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Smith, Seth","contributorId":189234,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"Seth","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":819045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Lowe, Winsor H.","contributorId":64532,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lowe","given":"Winsor H.","affiliations":[{"id":5097,"text":"University of Montana, Division of Biological Sciences","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":819046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Luikart, Gordon","contributorId":124531,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Luikart","given":"Gordon","affiliations":[{"id":5091,"text":"Flathead Lake Biological Station, Fish and Wildlife Genomics Group, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Polson, MT 59860, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":819047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70216963,"text":"70216963 - 2021 - The snag’s the limit: Habitat selection modeling for the western purple martin in a managed forest landscape","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-18T12:41:18.067114","indexId":"70216963","displayToPublicDate":"2020-10-23T06:36:16","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1687,"text":"Forest Ecology and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The snag’s the limit: Habitat selection modeling for the western purple martin in a managed forest landscape","docAbstract":"The western purple martin (Progne subis arboricola), an avian insectivore, is a species of conservation concern throughout the Pacific Northwest. Compared to the well-studied eastern subspecies (Progne subis subis), little is known of the life history and biology of the western subspecies. Availability of breeding habitat is believed to be a major limiting factor for western purple martins in forested habitat, but fundamental information on their current distribution and selection of nesting habitat is deficient. To fill this gap, we compared habitat characteristics at three spatial scales (snag-level, stand-level [48.6 ha], landscape-level [314 ha]) surrounding nest snags occupied by purple martins in western Oregon to unoccupied sites. We found habitat for nesting purple martins was defined by the presence of moderately decayed snags with nest cavities, located well away from closed-canopy forest in sufficiently large (>15 ha) open areas. Our modeling efforts suggested suitable habitat was rare within the study region because: 1) snags were scarce on private industrial forest lands and 2) large disturbed patches were uncommon on federal lands. We conclude that a disturbance regime characterized by infrequent but major stand-replacing events, such as fire or timber harvest, is likely the key to maintaining breeding habitat for purple martins in upland forests in western Oregon.
Species distribution models (SDMs) are valuable for rare species conservation and are commonly used to extrapolate predictions of habitat suitability geographically to regions where species occurrence is unknown (i.e., transferability). Spatially structured cross-validation can be used to infer transferability, yet, few studies have evaluated how delineation of cross-validation folds affects model complexity and predictions. We developed SDMs using multiple cross-validation approaches to understand the implications for predicting habitat suitability for northern Idaho ground squirrels, a rare, federally threatened species that has been extensively surveyed in regions where known populations occur, resulting in >8000 presence locations.
Idaho, USA.
We delineated cross-validation folds by mimicking the manner in which predictions would be geographically extrapolated or by using existing dispersal barriers. We varied the distance between, number, and directionality of folds. We conducted a grid search on statistical regularization parameters to optimize model complexity, covering a range of values exceeding that typically implemented. For each cross-validation approach, we selected optimal regularization and model complexity based on out-of-sample predictive ability.
Delineation of cross-validation folds substantially affected resulting model complexity and extrapolated predictions. All cross-validation approaches resulted in models with apparently high out-of-sample predictive ability, yet optimal model complexity varied substantially among the approaches. Regularization demonstrated a noisy relationship between model complexity and prediction, where local optima in predictive performance were common at small values.
Subtle modelling decisions can have large consequences for predictions of habitat suitability and transferability of SDMs. When transferability is the goal, cross-validation approaches should be considered carefully and mimic the manner in which spatial extrapolation will occur, else overly complex models with inflated assessments of predictive accuracy may result. Further, spatially structured cross-validation may not guard against over-parameterization, and assessing a broader range of regularization parameters may be necessary to optimize model complexity for transferability.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/ddi.13174","usgsCitation":"Helmstetter, N.A., Conway, C.J., Stevens, B.S., and Goldberg, A., 2021, Balancing transferability and complexity of species distribution models for rare species conservation: Diversity and Distributions, v. 27, no. 1, p. 95-108, https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.13174.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"95","endPage":"108","ipdsId":"IP-121750","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":454360,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.13174","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":396549,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","county":"Adams County, Valley 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Nolan A.","contributorId":287004,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Helmstetter","given":"Nolan","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":39599,"text":"ui","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":836429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Conway, Courtney J. 0000-0003-0492-2953 cconway@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0492-2953","contributorId":2951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conway","given":"Courtney","email":"cconway@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":836428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stevens, Bryan S.","contributorId":171809,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stevens","given":"Bryan","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":836430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Goldberg, Amanda R.","contributorId":280029,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Goldberg","given":"Amanda R.","affiliations":[{"id":39599,"text":"ui","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":836431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70216443,"text":"70216443 - 2021 - Integrated geophysical imaging of rare-earth-element-bearing iron oxide-apatite deposits in the eastern Adirondack Highlands, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-03T23:55:38.970705","indexId":"70216443","displayToPublicDate":"2020-10-14T06:44:42","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1808,"text":"Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Integrated geophysical imaging of rare-earth-element-bearing iron oxide-apatite deposits in the eastern Adirondack Highlands, New York","docAbstract":"The eastern Adirondack Highlands of northern New York host dozens of iron oxide-apatite (IOA) deposits containing magnetite and rare earth element (REE)-bearing apatite. We use new aeromagnetic, aeroradiometric, ground gravity, and sample petrophysical and geochemical data to image and understand these deposits and their geologic framework. Aeromagnetic total field data reflect highly magnetic leucogranite host rock and major structures that likely served as fluid conduits for the hydrothermal system. Bandpass filtering of the aeromagnetic data reveals individual deposits that were verified in the field or from historical records. A three-dimensional inversion for magnetic susceptibility images these deposits at depth, allowing inference of plunge directions and relative size. Radiometric data highlight variations in the surface geology and several large tailings piles that contain REE-bearing apatite. Within the host rock, eTh (equivalent Th), K and the eTh/K ratio are variable with high eTh/K near several of the IOA deposits. Areas with elevated K or low eTh/K representing potassic alteration appear to be rare; instead elevated eTh/K ratios likely reflect widespread sodic alteration overprinting potassic alteration. Bouguer gravity anomalies show limited correspondence to the surface geology, radiometric data, or magnetic data, but do exhibit ~10-km wide highs in areas where deposits are observed. Two-dimensional forward models of the gravity and magnetic data show that deeper dense material beneath the leucogranite is quantitatively feasible. If these dense rocks represent intrusions that were emplaced or still cooling at the time of mineralization, they may have served as a heat source that helped to drive the hydrothermal system. Combining datasets, we find that deposits occur towards the distal ends of major structures within the host leucogranite and mostly above gravity highs. The geophysical modeling thus suggests that IOA deposits formed in structural, thermal, and chemical traps near the distal ends of the hydrothermal system.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society for Exploration Geophysics","doi":"10.1190/geo2019-0783.1","usgsCitation":"Shah, A.K., Taylor, R.D., Walsh, G.J., and Phillips, J., 2021, Integrated geophysical imaging of rare-earth-element-bearing iron oxide-apatite deposits in the eastern Adirondack Highlands, New York: Geophysics, v. 86, no. 1, p. B37-B54, https://doi.org/10.1190/geo2019-0783.1.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"B37","endPage":"B54","ipdsId":"IP-117777","costCenters":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":454380,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1190/geo2019-0783.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":380582,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Adirondack Highlands","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.2451171875,\n 43.42100882994726\n ],\n [\n -73.6083984375,\n 43.42100882994726\n ],\n [\n -73.6083984375,\n 44.809121700077355\n ],\n [\n -76.2451171875,\n 44.809121700077355\n ],\n [\n -76.2451171875,\n 43.42100882994726\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"86","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shah, Anjana K. 0000-0002-3198-081X ashah@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3198-081X","contributorId":2297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shah","given":"Anjana","email":"ashah@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":805129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Taylor, Ryan D. 0000-0002-8845-5290","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8845-5290","contributorId":245004,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Ryan","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":805130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Walsh, Gregory J. 0000-0003-4264-8836 gwalsh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4264-8836","contributorId":873,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walsh","given":"Gregory","email":"gwalsh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":805131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Phillips, Jeffrey 0000-0002-6459-2821 jeff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6459-2821","contributorId":127453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jeff@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":805132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70217577,"text":"70217577 - 2021 - Negative effects of an allelopathic invader on AM fungal plant species drive community‐level responses","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-25T12:43:09.674644","indexId":"70217577","displayToPublicDate":"2020-09-24T07:05:04","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Negative effects of an allelopathic invader on AM fungal plant species drive community‐level responses","docAbstract":"The mechanisms causing invasive species impact are rarely empirically tested, limiting our ability to understand and predict subsequent changes in invaded plant communities. Invader disruption of native mutualistic interactions is a mechanism expected to have negative effects on native plant species. Specifically, disruption of native plant‐fungal mutualisms may provide non‐mycorrhizal plant invaders an advantage over mycorrhizal native plants. Invasive Alliaria petiolata (garlic mustard) produces secondary chemicals toxic to soil microorganisms including mycorrhizal fungi, and is known to induce physiological stress and reduce population growth rates of native forest understory plant species. Here, we report on a 11‐yr manipulative field experiment in replicated forest plots testing if the effects of removal of garlic mustard on the plant community support the mutualism disruption hypothesis within the entire understory herbaceous community. We compare community responses for two functional groups: the mycorrhizal vs. the non‐mycorrhizal plant communities. Our results show that garlic mustard weeding alters the community composition, decreases community evenness, and increases the abundance of understory herbs that associate with mycorrhizal fungi. Conversely, garlic mustard has no significant effects on the non‐mycorrhizal plant community. Consistent with the mutualism disruption hypothesis, our results demonstrate that allelochemical producing invaders modify the plant community by disproportionately impacting mycorrhizal plant species. We also demonstrate the importance of incorporating causal mechanisms of biological invasion to elucidate patterns and predict community‐level responses.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1002/ecy.3201","usgsCitation":"Roche, M., Pearse, I., Bialic-Murphy, L., Kivlin, S.N., Sofaer, H., and Kalisz, S., 2021, Negative effects of an allelopathic invader on AM fungal plant species drive community‐level responses: Ecology, v. 102, no. 1, e03201, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.3201.","productDescription":"e03201, 12 p.","ipdsId":"IP-118543","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":454423,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.3201","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":436663,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9VP7BFU","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Data on the impacts of garlic mustard from a weeding experiment in Pennsylvania 2006-2016"},{"id":436662,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9VP7BFU","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Data on the impacts of garlic mustard from a weeding experiment in Pennsylvania 2006-2016"},{"id":382484,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"102","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-11-04","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roche, Morgan 0000-0002-2276-3944","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2276-3944","contributorId":248273,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roche","given":"Morgan","affiliations":[{"id":49844,"text":"U Tennessee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":808724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pearse, Ian S. 0000-0001-7098-0495","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7098-0495","contributorId":211154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearse","given":"Ian","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":808725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bialic-Murphy, Lalasia 0000-0001-6046-8316","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6046-8316","contributorId":248274,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bialic-Murphy","given":"Lalasia","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":49844,"text":"U Tennessee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":808726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kivlin, Stephanie N 0000-0003-2442-7773","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2442-7773","contributorId":248275,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kivlin","given":"Stephanie","email":"","middleInitial":"N","affiliations":[{"id":49844,"text":"U Tennessee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":808727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sofaer, Helen R. 0000-0002-9450-5223","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9450-5223","contributorId":216681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sofaer","given":"Helen","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":808728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kalisz, Susan 0000-0002-1761-5752","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1761-5752","contributorId":248276,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kalisz","given":"Susan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":49844,"text":"U Tennessee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":808729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70219258,"text":"70219258 - 2021 - Genetic analysis of the diet of red‐footed boobies (Sula sula) provisioning chicks at Ulupa'u Crater, O'ahu","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-02T12:33:17.577092","indexId":"70219258","displayToPublicDate":"2020-09-21T07:30:09","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":862,"text":"Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Genetic analysis of the diet of red‐footed boobies (Sula sula) provisioning chicks at Ulupa'u Crater, O'ahu","docAbstract":"Environmental DNA (eDNA) has emerged as a potentially powerful tool for use in conservation and resource management, including for tracking the recolonization dynamics of fish populations. We used eDNA to assess the effectiveness of dam removal to restore fish passage on the Elwha River in Washington State (USA). Using a suite of 11 species‐specific eDNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays, we showed that most targeted anadromous species (five Pacific Salmon species and Pacific Lamprey) were able to pass upstream of both former dam sites. Multiscale occupancy modeling showed that the timing and spatial extent of recolonization differed among species during the four years of post‐dam removal monitoring. More abundant species like Chinook Salmon and Coho Salmon migrated farther into the upper portions of the watershed than less abundant species like Pink Salmon and Chum Salmon. Sampling also allowed assessment of potamodromous fish species. Bull Trout and Rainbow Trout, ubiquitous species in the watershed, were detected at all sampling locations. Environmental DNA from Brook Trout, a non‐native species isolated between the dams prior to dam removal, was detected downstream of Elwha dam but rarely upstream of the Glines Canyon Dam suggested that the species has not expanded its range appreciably in the watershed following dam removal. We found that eDNA was an effective tool to assess the response of fish populations to large‐scale dam removal on the Elwha River.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/edn3.134","usgsCitation":"Duda, J.J., Hoy, M.S., Chase, D.M., Pess, G.R., Brenkman, S.J., McHenry, M.M., and Ostberg, C.O., 2021, Environmental DNA is an effective tool to track recolonizing migratory fish following large‐scale dam removal: Environmental DNA, v. 3, no. 1, p. 121-141, https://doi.org/10.1002/edn3.134.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"121","endPage":"141","ipdsId":"IP-117988","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":454438,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/edn3.134","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":436672,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P96R5Q0M","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Environmental DNA (eDNA) is an Effective Tool to Track Recolonizing Migratory Fish Following Large-Scale Dam Removal, field data"},{"id":382487,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-09-19","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Duda, Jeffrey J. 0000-0001-7431-8634 jduda@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7431-8634","contributorId":148954,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duda","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jduda@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":808709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoy, Marshal S. 0000-0003-2828-9697","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2828-9697","contributorId":220730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoy","given":"Marshal","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":808710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chase, Dorothy M. 0000-0002-7759-2687","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7759-2687","contributorId":203926,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chase","given":"Dorothy","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":808711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pess, George R.","contributorId":13501,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pess","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":6578,"text":"National Marine Fisheries Service, Seattle, WA 98112, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":808712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Brenkman, Samuel J.","contributorId":138941,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brenkman","given":"Samuel","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":12587,"text":"Olympic National Park, Port Angeles, WA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":808713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"McHenry, Michael M","contributorId":239726,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McHenry","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"M","affiliations":[{"id":16823,"text":"Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe, Port Angeles, Washington","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":808714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ostberg, Carl O. 0000-0003-1479-8458","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1479-8458","contributorId":220731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ostberg","given":"Carl","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":808715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70228760,"text":"70228760 - 2021 - Fish diversity, endemism, threats, and conservation in the Jinsha River basin (upper Yangtze River), China","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-18T13:59:33.207865","indexId":"70228760","displayToPublicDate":"2020-03-25T07:50:32","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fish diversity, endemism, threats, and conservation in the Jinsha River basin (upper Yangtze River), China","docAbstract":"The Jinsha River, which comprises the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, has among the highest freshwater fish biodiversity and endemism in China, but these characteristics have rarely been quantitatively evaluated at the basin scale. We used fish presence–absence data collected from the entire Jinsha River basin (JRB) from 1964 to 2017 to determine patterns in fish biodiversity. In total, 229 freshwater fish species from 9 orders, 26 families, and 110 genera were recorded. Of these species, 161 were endemic to China, with 94 species being endemic to the Yangtze River basin, and 39 species were threatened. Fish species richness was higher in the downstream river reaches and was higher in the main stem than in the tributaries. Overfishing, water pollution, and dam construction have been threatening fish diversity in the JRB for several decades. Conservation strategies similar to those used in North America may be applicable to the JRB to help protect native fishes in this important river basin. Such strategies include (1) assessment of several tributaries as fish reserves; (2) regular adjustment of turbine operations during the fish spawning period; and (3) regulation of the many co-occurring human stressors in the JRB.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1002/nafm.10441","usgsCitation":"Liu, H.W., Guo, C., Qu, X., Xiong, F., Paukert, C.P., Chen, Y., and Sullivan, W., 2021, Fish diversity, endemism, threats, and conservation in the Jinsha River basin (upper Yangtze River), China: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 41, no. 4, p. 967-984, https://doi.org/10.1002/nafm.10441.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"967","endPage":"984","ipdsId":"IP-113887","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":396169,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"China","otherGeospatial":"Jinsha River Basin (Upper Yangtze River)","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 90.5,\n 24.6\n ],\n [\n 105.25,\n 24.6\n ],\n [\n 105.25,\n 35.7333\n ],\n [\n 90.5,\n 35.7333\n ],\n [\n 90.5,\n 24.6\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"41","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-03-25","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Liu, H. W.","contributorId":152164,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liu","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":835337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Guo, C.","contributorId":272911,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Guo","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":32415,"text":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":835338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Qu, X.","contributorId":279670,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Qu","given":"X.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":32415,"text":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":835339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Xiong, F.","contributorId":279671,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Xiong","given":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":57334,"text":"http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9369-8545","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":835340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Paukert, Craig P. 0000-0002-9369-8545","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9369-8545","contributorId":245524,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paukert","given":"Craig","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":835341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Chen, Y.","contributorId":272912,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chen","given":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":32415,"text":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":835342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Sullivan, W.","contributorId":156266,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sullivan","given":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":835343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ]}