A solution containing 198Hg in the form of HgCl2 was added to a 4 m2 area of desert soils in Nevada, and soil Hg fluxes were measured using three dynamic flux chambers. There was an immediate release of 198Hg after it was applied, and then emissions decreased exponentially. Within the first 6 h after the isotope was added to the soil, ∼12 ng m-2 of 198Hg was emitted to the atmosphere, followed by a relatively steady flux of the isotope at 0.2 ± 0.2 ng m-2 h-1 for the remainder of the experiment (62 days). Over this time, ∼200 ng m-2 or 2% of the 198Hg isotope was emitted from the soil, and we estimate that ∼6% of the isotope would be re-emitted in a year's time. During the experiment, dry deposition of elemental Hg from the atmosphere was measured with an average deposition rate of 0.2 ± 0.1 ng m-2 h-1. Emission of ambient Hg from the soil was observed after soil wetting with the isotope solution and after a storm event. However, the added moisture from the storm event did not affect 198Hg flux. Results suggest that in this desert environment, where there is limited precipitation, Hg deposited by wet processes is not readily re-emitted and that dry deposition of elemental Hg may be an important process.
Concentrations of metals cycle daily in the water column of some mining-impacted streams in the Rocky Mountains of the western USA. We hypothesized that biofilm in High Ore Creek, Montana, USA, sorbs and releases Zn on a diel cycle, and this uptake-and-release cycle controls the total and dissolved (0.45-μm filtered) Zn concentrations. We collected water samples from three sites (upstream, middle and downstream at 0, 350 and 650 m, respectively) along a 650-m reach of High Ore Creek during a 47-h period in August 2002 and from the upstream and downstream sites during a 24-h period in August 2003; we also collected biofilm samples at these sites. In 2002 and 2003, total and dissolved Zn concentrations did not exhibit a diel cycle at the upstream sampling site, which was ~30 m downstream from a settling pond through which the creek flows. However, total and dissolved Zn concentrations exhibited a diel cycle at the middle and downstream sampling sites, with the highest Zn concentrations occurring at dawn and the lowest Zn concentrations occurring during late afternoon (>2-fold range of concentrations at the downstream site). Based on (1) concentrations of Zn in biofilm at the three sites and (2) results of streamside experiments that demonstrated Zn uptake and release by naïve biofilm during the light and dark hours of a photocycle, respectively, we conclude that Zn uptake in photosynthetic biofilms could contribute a large percentage to the cycling of Zn concentrations in the water column in High Ore Creek.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10533-005-4774-2","issn":"01682563","usgsCitation":"Morris, J., Nimick, D., Farag, A., and Meyer, J., 2005, Does biofilm contribute to diel cycling of Zn in High Ore Creek, Montana?: Biogeochemistry, v. 76, no. 2, p. 233-259, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-005-4774-2.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"233","endPage":"259","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":238167,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211024,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10533-005-4774-2"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"High Ore Creek","volume":"76","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a038be4b0c8380cd5051e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morris, J.M.","contributorId":91675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morris","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nimick, D. A.","contributorId":70399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nimick","given":"D. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Farag, A.M.","contributorId":106273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farag","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Meyer, J.S.","contributorId":85741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70027584,"text":"70027584 - 2005 - Effects of coal-bed methane discharge waters on the vegetation and soil ecosystem in Powder River Basin, Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-31T10:53:23","indexId":"70027584","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3728,"text":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","onlineIssn":"1573-2932","printIssn":"0049-6979","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of coal-bed methane discharge waters on the vegetation and soil ecosystem in Powder River Basin, Wyoming","docAbstract":"Coal-bed methane (CBM) co-produced discharge waters in the Powder River Basin of Wyoming, resulting from extraction of methane from coal seams, have become a priority for chemical, hydrological and biological research during the last few years. Soil and vegetation samples were taken from affected and reference sites (upland elevations and wetted gully) in Juniper Draw to investigate the effects of CBM discharge waters on soil physical and chemical properties and on native and introduced vegetation density and diversity. Results indicate an increase of salinity and sodicity within local soil ecosystems at sites directly exposed to CBM discharge waters. Elevated concentrations of sodium in the soil are correlated with consistent exposure to CBM waters. Clay-loam soils in the study area have a much larger specific surface area than the sandy soils and facilitate a greater sodium adsorption. However, there was no significant relation between increasing water sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) values and increasing sediment SAR values downstream; however, soils exposed to the CBM water ranged from the moderate to severe SAR hazard index. Native vegetation species density was highest at the reference (upland and gully) and CBM affected upland sites. The affected gully had the greatest percent composition of introduced vegetation species. Salt-tolerant species had the greatest richness at the affected gully, implying a potential threat of invasion and competition to established native vegetation. These findings suggest that CBM waters could affect agricultural production operations and long-term water quality.
A 2-year study of extensive and intensive fish hatcheries was conducted to assess the general temporal occurrence of antibiotics in aquaculture. Antibiotics were detected in 15% of the water samples collected during the 2001-2002 collection period and in 31% of the samples during the 2003 collection period. Antibiotics were detected more frequently in samples from the intensive hatcheries (17 and 39%) than in samples from the extensive hatcheries (14 and 4%) during the 2001-2002 and 2003 collection periods, respectively. The maximum ormetoprim, oxytetracycline, and sulphadimethoxine concentrations were higher in samples from the intensive hatcheries (12, 10, and 36 µg L-1), respectively, than in samples from the extensive hatcheries (<0.05, 0.31, and 1.2 µg L-1), respectively. Sulphadimethoxine persisted for a longer period of time (up to 48 days) than ormetoprim (up to 28 days) and oxytetracycline (less than 20 days).
","language":"English","publisher":"Gordon and Breach","doi":"10.1080/03067310500273682","issn":"03067319","usgsCitation":"Dietze, J., Scribner, E., Meyer, M.T., and Kolpin, D., 2005, Occurrence of antibiotics in water from 13 fish hatcheries, 2001-2003: International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, v. 85, no. 15, p. 1141-1152, https://doi.org/10.1080/03067310500273682.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1141","endPage":"1152","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":237976,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210900,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03067310500273682"}],"volume":"85","issue":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6bcfe4b0c8380cd748d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dietze, J.E.","contributorId":11404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dietze","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scribner, E.A.","contributorId":50925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scribner","given":"E.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Meyer, M. T.","contributorId":92279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kolpin, D.W.","contributorId":87565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolpin","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70027418,"text":"70027418 - 2005 - Herbicide and degradate flux in the Yazoo River Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-05T08:17:37","indexId":"70027418","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2040,"text":"International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Herbicide and degradate flux in the Yazoo River Basin","docAbstract":"During 1996-1997, water samples were collected from five sites in the Yazoo River Basin and analysed for 14 herbicides and nine degradates. These included acetochlor, alachlor, atrazine, cyanazine, fluometuron, metolachlor, metribuzin, molinate, norflurazon, prometryn, propanil, propazine, simazine, trifluralin, three degradates of fluometuron, two degradates of atrazine, one degradate of cyanazine, norflurazon, prometryn, and propanil. Fluxes generally were higher in 1997 than in 1996 due to a greater rainfall in 1997 than 1996. Fluxes were much larger from streams in the alluvial plain (an area of very productive farmland) than from the Skuna River in the bluff hills (an area of small farms, pasture, and forest). Adding the flux of the atrazine degradates to the atrazine flux increased the total atrazine flux by an average of 14.5%. The fluometuron degradates added about 10% to the total fluometuron flux, and adding the norflurazon degradate flux to the norflurazon flux increased the flux by 82% in 1996 and by 171% in 1997.
Perchlorate has been detected recently in a variety of soils, waters, plants, and food products at levels that may be detrimental to human health. These discoveries have generated considerable interest in perchlorate source identification. In this study, comprehensive stable isotope analyses (37Cl/35Cl and 18O/17O/16O) of perchlorate from known synthetic and natural sources reveal systematic differences in isotopic characteristics that are related to the formation mechanisms. In addition, isotopic analyses of perchlorate extracted from groundwater and surface water demonstrate the feasibility of identifying perchlorate sources in contaminated environments on the basis of this technique. Both natural and synthetic sources of perchlorate have been identified in water samples from some perchlorate occurrences in the United States by the isotopic method.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/ac051360d","issn":"00032700","usgsCitation":"Böhlke, J., Sturchio, N., Gu, B., Horita, J., Brown, G., Jackson, W., Batista, J., and Hatzinger, P., 2005, Perchlorate isotope forensics: Analytical Chemistry, v. 77, no. 23, p. 7838-7842, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac051360d.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"7838","endPage":"7842","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":506025,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1021/ac051360d","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":238292,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211107,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac051360d"}],"volume":"77","issue":"23","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-11-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7673e4b0c8380cd78109","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Böhlke, J.K. 0000-0001-5693-6455","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":96696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Böhlke","given":"J.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sturchio, N.C.","contributorId":16580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sturchio","given":"N.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gu, B.","contributorId":8670,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gu","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Horita, J.","contributorId":45094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horita","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Brown, G.M.","contributorId":61632,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"G.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jackson, W.A.","contributorId":15549,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackson","given":"W.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Batista, J.","contributorId":22570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Batista","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hatzinger, P.B.","contributorId":12663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatzinger","given":"P.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70027404,"text":"70027404 - 2005 - Urbanization effects on stream habitat characteristics in Boston, Massachusetts; Birmingham, Alabama; and Salt Lake City, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-03T11:29:42","indexId":"70027404","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5360,"text":"American Fisheries Society Symposium","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":24}},"title":"Urbanization effects on stream habitat characteristics in Boston, Massachusetts; Birmingham, Alabama; and Salt Lake City, Utah","docAbstract":"Relations between stream habitat and urban land-use intensity were examined in 90 stream reaches located in or near the metropolitan areas of Salt Lake City, Utah (SLC); Birmingham, Alabama (BIR); and Boston, Massachusetts (BOS). Urban intensity was based on a multi-metric index (urban intensity index or UII) that included measures of land cover, socioeconomic organization, and urban infrastructure. Twenty-eight physical variables describing channel morphology, hydraulic properties, and streambed conditions were examined. None of the habitat variables was significantly correlated with urbanization intensity in all three study areas. Urbanization effects on stream habitat were less apparent for streams in SLC and BIR, owing to the strong influence of basin slope (SLC) and drought conditions (BIR) on local flow regimes. Streamflow in the BOS study area was not unduly influenced by similar conditions of climate and physiography, and habitat conditions in these streams were more responsive to urbanization. Urbanization in BOS contributed to higher discharge, channel deepening, and increased loading of fine-grained particles to stream channels. The modifying influence of basin slope and climate on hydrology of streams in SLC and BIR limited our ability to effectively compare habitat responses among different urban settings and identify common responses that might be of interest to restoration or water management programs. Successful application of land-use models such as the UII to compare urbanization effects on stream habitat in different environmental settings must account for inherent differences in natural and anthropogenic factors affecting stream hydrology and geomorphology. The challenge to future management of urban development is to further quantify these differences by building upon existing models, and ultimately develop a broader understanding of urbanization effects on aquatic ecosystems.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Effects of Urbanization on Stream Ecosystems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","issn":"08922284","usgsCitation":"Short, T., Giddings, E., Zappia, H., and Coles, J., 2005, Urbanization effects on stream habitat characteristics in Boston, Massachusetts; Birmingham, Alabama; and Salt Lake City, Utah, chap. of Effects of Urbanization on Stream Ecosystems: American Fisheries Society Symposium, v. 47, p. 317-332.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"317","endPage":"332","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238259,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":358058,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://fisheries.org/bookstore/all-titles/afs-symposia/x54047xm/"}],"volume":"47","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbe44e4b08c986b3294c0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Short, T.M.","contributorId":50626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Short","given":"T.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Giddings, E.M.P.","contributorId":36348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giddings","given":"E.M.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zappia, H.","contributorId":94474,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zappia","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Coles, J.F.","contributorId":80257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coles","given":"J.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70027355,"text":"70027355 - 2005 - Status and conservation of the fish fauna of the Alabama River system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:33","indexId":"70027355","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":718,"text":"American Fisheries Society Symposium","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Status and conservation of the fish fauna of the Alabama River system","docAbstract":"The Alabama River system, comprising the Alabama, Coosa, and Tallapoosa subsystems, forms the eastern portion of the Mobile River drainage. Physiographic diversity and geologic history have fostered development in the Alabama River system of globally significant levels of aquatic faunal diversity and endemism. At least 184 fishes are native to the system, including at least 33 endemic species. During the past century, dam construction for hydropower generation and navigation resulted in 16 reservoirs that inundate 44% of the length of the Alabama River system main stems. This extensive physical and hydrologic alteration has affected the fish fauna in three major ways. Diadromous and migratory species have declined precipitously. Fish assemblages persisting downstream from large main-stem dams have been simplified by loss of species unable to cope with altered flow and water quality regimes. Fish populations persisting in the headwaters and in tributaries to the mainstem reservoirs are now isolated and subjected to effects of physical and chemical habitat degradation. Ten fishes in the Alabama River system (including seven endemic species) are federally listed as threatened or endangered. Regional experts consider at least 28 additional species to be vulnerable, threatened, or endangered with extinction. Conserving the Alabama River system fish fauna will require innovative dam management, protection of streams from effects of urbanization and water supply development, and control of alien species dispersal. Failure to manage aggressively for integrity of remaining unimpounded portions of the Alabama River system will result in reduced quality of natural resources for future generations, continued assemblage simplification, and species extinctions. ?? 2005 by the American Fisheries Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Fisheries Society Symposium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"08922284","usgsCitation":"Freeman, M.C., Irwin, E., Burkhead, N., Freeman, B.J., and Bart, H., 2005, Status and conservation of the fish fauna of the Alabama River system: American Fisheries Society Symposium, v. 2005, no. 45, p. 557-585.","startPage":"557","endPage":"585","numberOfPages":"29","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235242,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2005","issue":"45","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b977ee4b08c986b31bad4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Freeman, Mary C. 0000-0001-7615-6923","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7615-6923","contributorId":99659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freeman","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":413310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Irwin, E.R.","contributorId":90269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Irwin","given":"E.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burkhead, N.M.","contributorId":34456,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burkhead","given":"N.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Freeman, B. J.","contributorId":8031,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freeman","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bart, H.L. Jr.","contributorId":42679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bart","given":"H.L.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70027351,"text":"70027351 - 2005 - Monitored natural attenuation and enhanced attenuation for chlorinated solvent plumes - It's all about balance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-01T18:43:54.133336","indexId":"70027351","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Monitored natural attenuation and enhanced attenuation for chlorinated solvent plumes - It's all about balance","docAbstract":"Nature's inherent ability to cleanse itself is at the heart of Monitored Natural Attenuation (MNA). The complexity comes when one attempts to measure and calculate this inherent ability, called the Natural Attenuation Capacity (NAC), and determine if it is sufficient to cleanse the system to agreed upon criteria. An approach that is simple in concept for determining whether the NAC is sufficient for MNA to work is the concept of a mass balance. Mass balance is a robust framework upon which all decisions can be made. The inflows to and outflows from the system are balanced against the NAC of the subsurface system. For MNA to be acceptable, the NAC is balanced against the contaminant loading to the subsurface system with the resulting outflow from the system being in a range that is acceptable to the regulating and decision-making parties. When the system is such that the resulting outflow is not within an acceptable range, the idea of taking actions that are sustainable and that will bring the system within the acceptable range of outflows is evaluated. These sustainable enhancements are being developed under the Enhanced Attenuation (EA) concept.
","largerWorkTitle":"World Water Congress 2005: Impacts of global climate change - Proceedings of the 2005 World Water and Environmental Resources Congress","conferenceTitle":"2005 World Water and Environmental Resources Congress","conferenceDate":"May 15-19, 2005","conferenceLocation":"Anchorage, AK","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","doi":"10.1061/40792(173)375","isbn":"","usgsCitation":"Adams, K., Vangelas, K., Looney, B., Chapelle, F., Early, T., Gilmore, T., and Sink, C., 2005, Monitored natural attenuation and enhanced attenuation for chlorinated solvent plumes - It's all about balance, in World Water Congress 2005: Impacts of global climate change - Proceedings of the 2005 World Water and Environmental Resources Congress, Anchorage, AK, May 15-19, 2005, https://doi.org/10.1061/40792(173)375.","startPage":"","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235177,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-04-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5d55e4b0c8380cd70302","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Adams, K.A.","contributorId":74555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vangelas, K.M.","contributorId":57638,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vangelas","given":"K.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Looney, B.B.","contributorId":54002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Looney","given":"B.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chapelle, F.","contributorId":103048,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapelle","given":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Early, T.","contributorId":100168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Early","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gilmore, T.","contributorId":76916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilmore","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Sink, C.H.","contributorId":40779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sink","given":"C.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":413287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70028776,"text":"70028776 - 2005 - Use of tracers and isotopes to evaluate vulnerability of water in domestic wells to septic waste","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-31T09:28:18","indexId":"70028776","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1864,"text":"Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of tracers and isotopes to evaluate vulnerability of water in domestic wells to septic waste","docAbstract":"In Nebraska, a large number (>200) of shallow sand‐point and cased wells completed in coarse alluvial sediments along rivers and lakes still are used to obtain drinking water for human consumption, even though construction of sand‐point wells for consumptive uses has been banned since 1987. The quality of water from shallow domestic wells potentially vulnerable to seepage from septic systems was evaluated by analyzing for the presence of tracers and multiple isotopes. Samples were collected from 26 sand‐point and perforated, cased domestic wells and were analyzed for bacteria, coliphages, nitrogen species, nitrogen and boron isotopes, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), prescription and nonprescription drugs, or organic waste water contaminants. At least 13 of the 26 domestic well samples showed some evidence of septic system effects based on the results of several tracers including DOC, coliphages, NH4+, NO3−, N2, δ15N[NO3−] and boron isotopes, and antibiotics and other drugs. Sand‐point wells within 30 m of a septic system and <14 m deep in a shallow, thin aquifer had the most tracers detected and the highest values, indicating the greatest vulnerability to contamination from septic waste.
We analyzed the transverse pattern of vegetation along a reach of the Fremont River in Capitol Reef National Park, Utah, USA using models that support both delineation of wetland extent and projection of the changes in wetland area resulting from upstream hydrologic alteration. We linked stage-discharge relations developed by a hydraulic model to a flow-duration curve derived from the flow history in order to calculate the inundation duration of 361 plots (0.5 × 2 m). Logistic regression was used to relate plant species occurrence in plots to inundation duration. A weighted average of the wetland indicator values of species was used to characterize plots as Aquatic, Wetland, Transitional, or Upland. Finally, we assessed how alterations in the flow duration curve would change the relative widths of these four zones. The wetland indicator values of species and the wetland prevalence index scores of plots were strongly correlated with inundation duration. Our results support the concept that plants classified as wetland species typically occur on sites inundated at least two weeks every two years. The portion of the riparian zone along the high-gradient study reach of the Fremont River that satisfied the vegetation criterion for a regulatory wetland was narrow (2 m wide). Both the unvegetated Aquatic zone (7.8 m) and the Transitional zone (8 m) were substantially wider. The Transitional zone included the maxima of several species and was, therefore, not merely a combination of elements of the Wetland and Upland zones. Multiplicative increases or decreases in streamflow regime produced a wetter, or drier, bottomland vegetation, respectively. Systematic reductions in flow variability reduced the width of both the Wetland and Transitional zones and increased the width of the Upland zone. Our approach is widely applicable to inform water management decisions involving changes in flow regime.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Society of Wetland Scientists","doi":"10.1672/0277-5212(2005)025[0143:UOISRA]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Auble, G., Scott, M.L., and Friedman, J.M., 2005, Use of individualistic streamflow-vegetation relations along the Fremont River, Utah, USA to assess impacts of flow alteration on wetland and riparian area: Wetlands, v. 25, no. 1, p. 143-154, https://doi.org/10.1672/0277-5212(2005)025[0143:UOISRA]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"143","endPage":"154","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132871,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adae4b07f02db6858ec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Auble, G.T.","contributorId":19505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Auble","given":"G.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scott, M. L.","contributorId":75090,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"M.","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Friedman, Jonathan M. 0000-0002-1329-0663","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1329-0663","contributorId":44495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedman","given":"Jonathan","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":322693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70027677,"text":"70027677 - 2005 - Rainfall-runoff in the Albuquerque, New Mexico, area: Measurements, analyses and comparisons","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:17","indexId":"70027677","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Rainfall-runoff in the Albuquerque, New Mexico, area: Measurements, analyses and comparisons","docAbstract":"Albuquerque, New Mexico, has experienced significant growth over the last 20 years like many other cities in the Southwestern United States. While the US population grew by 37% between the 1970 and 2000 censuses, the growth for Albuquerque was 83%. More people mean more development and increased problems of managing runoff from urbanizing watersheds. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the Albuquerque Arroyo Metropolitan Flood Control Authority (AMAFCA) and the City of Albuquerque has maintained a rainfall-runoff data collection program since 1976. The data from measured precipitation events can be used to verify hydrologic modeling. In this presentation, data from a representative gaged watershed is analyzed and discussed to set the overall framework for the rainfall-runoff process in the Albuquerque area. Of particular interest are the basic relationships between rainfall and watershed runoff response and an analysis of curve numbers as an indicator of runoff function. In urbanized areas, four land treatment types (natural, irrigated lawns, compacted soil, and impervious) are used to define surface infiltration conditions. Rainfall and runoff gage data are used to compare curve number (CN) and initial abstraction/uniform infiltration (IA/INF) techniques in an Albuquerque watershed. The IA/INF method appears to produce superior results over the CN method for the measured rainfall events.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 2005 Watershed Management Conference - Managing Watersheds for Human and Natural Impacts: Engineering, Ecological, and Economic Challenges","conferenceTitle":"2005 Watershed Management Conference - Managing Watersheds for Human and Natural Impacts: Engineering, Ecological, and Economic Challenges","conferenceDate":"19 July 2005 through 22 July 2005","conferenceLocation":"Williamsburg, VA","language":"English","isbn":"0784407630","usgsCitation":"Anderson, C., Ward, T., and Kelly, T., 2005, Rainfall-runoff in the Albuquerque, New Mexico, area: Measurements, analyses and comparisons, in Proceedings of the 2005 Watershed Management Conference - Managing Watersheds for Human and Natural Impacts: Engineering, Ecological, and Economic Challenges, Williamsburg, VA, 19 July 2005 through 22 July 2005, p. 1787-1796.","startPage":"1787","endPage":"1796","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238502,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a947be4b0c8380cd8142c","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Moglen G.E.","contributorId":128404,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Moglen G.E.","id":536627,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, C.E.","contributorId":26511,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ward, T.J.","contributorId":17039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ward","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kelly, T.","contributorId":29993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelly","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70027580,"text":"70027580 - 2005 - Data collection and documentation of flooding downstream of a dam failure in Mississippi","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:48","indexId":"70027580","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Data collection and documentation of flooding downstream of a dam failure in Mississippi","docAbstract":"On March 12, 2004, the Big Bay Lake dam failed, releasing water and affecting lives and property downstream in southern Mississippi. The dam is located near Purvis, Mississippi, on Bay Creek, which flows into Lower Little Creek about 1.9 miles downstream from the dam. Lower Little Creek flows into Pearl River about 16.9 miles downstream from the dam. Knowledge of the hydrology and hydraulics of floods caused by dam breaks is essential to the design of dams. A better understanding of the risks associated with possible dam failures may help limit the loss of life and property that often occurs downstream of a dam failure. The USGS recovered flood marks at the one crossing of Bay Creek and eight crossings of Lower Little Creek. Additional flood marks were also flagged at three other bridges crossing tributaries where backwater occurred. Flood marks were recovered throughout the stream reach of about 3/4 to 15 miles downstream of the dam. Flood marks that were flagged will be surveyed so that a flood profile can be documented downstream of the Big Bay Lake dam failure. Peak discharges are also to be estimated where possible. News reports stated that the peak discharge at the dam was about 67,000 cubic feet per second. Preliminary data suggest the peak discharge from the dam failure attenuated to about 13,000 cubic feet per second at Lower Little Creek at State Highway 43, about 15 miles downstream of the dam.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 2005 Watershed Management Conference - Managing Watersheds for Human and Natural Impacts: Engineering, Ecological, and Economic Challenges","conferenceTitle":"2005 Watershed Management Conference - Managing Watersheds for Human and Natural Impacts: Engineering, Ecological, and Economic Challenges","conferenceDate":"19 July 2005 through 22 July 2005","conferenceLocation":"Williamsburg, VA","language":"English","isbn":"0784407630","usgsCitation":"Van Wilson, K., 2005, Data collection and documentation of flooding downstream of a dam failure in Mississippi, in Proceedings of the 2005 Watershed Management Conference - Managing Watersheds for Human and Natural Impacts: Engineering, Ecological, and Economic Challenges, Williamsburg, VA, 19 July 2005 through 22 July 2005.","startPage":"1277","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238092,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fd6ee4b0c8380cd4e81f","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Moglen G.E.","contributorId":128404,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Moglen G.E.","id":536622,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Van Wilson, K. Jr.","contributorId":62403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Wilson","given":"K.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":414217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1001037,"text":"1001037 - 2005 - Nonlinear dynamics in ecosystem response to climatic change: Case studies and policy implications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-21T15:39:17","indexId":"1001037","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1452,"text":"Ecological Complexity","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nonlinear dynamics in ecosystem response to climatic change: Case studies and policy implications","docAbstract":"Many biological, hydrological, and geological processes are interactively linked in ecosystems. These ecological phenomena normally vary within bounded ranges, but rapid, nonlinear changes to markedly different conditions can be triggered by even small differences if threshold values are exceeded. Intrinsic and extrinsic ecological thresholds can lead to effects that cascade among systems, precluding accurate modeling and prediction of system response to climate change. Ten case studies from North America illustrate how changes in climate can lead to rapid, threshold-type responses within ecological communities; the case studies also highlight the role of human activities that alter the rate or direction of system response to climate change. Understanding and anticipating nonlinear dynamics are important aspects of adaptation planning since responses of biological resources to changes in the physical climate system are not necessarily proportional and sometimes, as in the case of complex ecological systems, inherently nonlinear.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecocom.2005.04.010","usgsCitation":"Burkett, V.R., Wilcox, D.A., Stottlemyer, R., Barrow, W., Fagre, D., Baron, J., Price, J., Nielsen, J.L., Allen, C.D., Peterson, D.L., Ruggerone, G., and Doyle, T., 2005, Nonlinear dynamics in ecosystem response to climatic change: Case studies and policy implications: Ecological Complexity, v. 2, no. 4, p. 357-394, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecocom.2005.04.010.","productDescription":"38 p.","startPage":"357","endPage":"394","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477871,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12648/2270","text":"External Repository"},{"id":133487,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afde4b07f02db69707a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burkett, Virginia R. 0000-0003-4746-2862","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4746-2862","contributorId":80229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burkett","given":"Virginia","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilcox, Douglas A.","contributorId":36880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilcox","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stottlemyer, Robert","contributorId":97058,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stottlemyer","given":"Robert","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Barrow, Wylie 0000-0003-4671-2823","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4671-2823","contributorId":90684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barrow","given":"Wylie","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fagre, Dan","contributorId":22733,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fagre","given":"Dan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Baron, Jill 0000-0002-5902-6251 jill_baron@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5902-6251","contributorId":194124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baron","given":"Jill","email":"jill_baron@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science 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Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":310288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Peterson, David L.","contributorId":94643,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peterson","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":12647,"text":"U.S. Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":310297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Ruggerone, Greg","contributorId":81068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruggerone","given":"Greg","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Doyle, Thomas 0000-0001-5754-0671","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5754-0671","contributorId":98274,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doyle","given":"Thomas","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":310299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":1001071,"text":"1001071 - 2005 - Hydrogeomorphic classification for Great Lakes coastal wetlands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-09T11:57:02","indexId":"1001071","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrogeomorphic classification for Great Lakes coastal wetlands","docAbstract":"A hydrogeomorphic classification scheme for Great Lakes coastal wetlands is presented. The classification is hierarchical and first divides the wetlands into three broad hydrogeomorphic systems, lacustrine, riverine, and barrier-protected, each with unique hydrologic flow characteristics and residence time. These systems are further subdivided into finer geomorphic types based on physical features and shoreline processes. Each hydrogeomorphic wetland type has associated plant and animal communities and specific physical attributes related to sediment type, wave energy, water quality, and hydrology.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0380-1330(05)70294-X","usgsCitation":"Albert, D.A., Wilcox, D.A., Ingram, J.W., and Thompson, T.A., 2005, Hydrogeomorphic classification for Great Lakes coastal wetlands: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 31, no. Supplement 1, p. 129-146, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0380-1330(05)70294-X.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"129","endPage":"146","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":486860,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12648/2300","text":"External Repository"},{"id":133555,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"Supplement 1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2de4b07f02db614756","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Albert, Dennis A.","contributorId":102441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Albert","given":"Dennis","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilcox, Douglas A.","contributorId":36880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilcox","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ingram, Joel W.","contributorId":24745,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingram","given":"Joel","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thompson, Todd A.","contributorId":38501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Todd","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":1015341,"text":"1015341 - 2005 - Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative (ARMI): A successful start to a national program in the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-28T19:13:22.440582","indexId":"1015341","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":837,"text":"Applied Herpetology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative (ARMI): A successful start to a national program in the United States","docAbstract":"Most research to assess amphibian declines has focused on local-scale projects on one or a few species. The Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative (ARMI) is a national program in the United States mandated by congressional directive and implemented by the U.S. Department of the Interior (specifically the U.S. Geological Survey, USGS). Program goals are to monitor changes in populations of amphibians across U.S. Department of the Interior lands and to address research questions related to amphibian declines using a hierarchical framework of base-, mid- and apex-level monitoring sites. ARMI is currently monitoring 83 amphibian species (29% of species in the U.S.) at mid- and apex-level areas. We chart the progress of this 5-year-old program and provide an example of mid-level monitoring from 1 of the 7 ARMI regions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Koninklijke Brill NV","doi":"10.1163/157075405774483139","usgsCitation":"Muths, E., Jung, R.E., Bailey, L.L., Adams, M.J., Corn, P.S., Dodd, C.K., Fellers, G.M., Sadinski, W.J., Schwalbe, C.R., Walls, S.C., Fisher, R.N., Gallant, A.L., Battaglin, W.A., and Green, D.E., 2005, Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative (ARMI): A successful start to a national program in the United States: Applied Herpetology, v. 2, no. 4, p. 355-371, https://doi.org/10.1163/157075405774483139.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"355","endPage":"371","onlineOnly":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477695,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1163/157075405774483139","text":"External Repository"},{"id":133419,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db6867d6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Muths, Erin 0000-0002-5498-3132","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5498-3132","contributorId":14012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muths","given":"Erin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jung, Robin E.","contributorId":22434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jung","given":"Robin","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bailey, Larissa L. 0000-0002-5959-2018","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5959-2018","contributorId":189578,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bailey","given":"Larissa","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Adams, M. 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Many resource managers seek to reduce saltcedar abundance and control its spread to increase the flow of water in streams that might otherwise be lost to evapotranspiration, to restore native riparian (streamside) vegetation, and to improve wildlife habitat. However, increased water yield might not always occur and has been substantially lower than expected in water salvage experiments, the potential for successful revegetation is variable, and not all wildlife taxa clearly prefer native plant habitats over saltcedar. As a result, there is considerable debate surrounding saltcedar control efforts. We review the literature on saltcedar control, water use, wildlife use, and riparian restoration to provide resource managers, researchers, and policy-makers with a balanced summary of the state of the science. To best ensure that the desired outcomes of removal programs are met, scientists and resource managers should use existing information and methodologies to carefully select and prioritize sites for removal, apply the most appropriate and cost-effective control methods, and then rigorously monitor control efficacy, revegetation success, water yield changes, and wildlife use.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00267-004-0099-5","usgsCitation":"Shafroth, P., Cleverly, J., Dudley, T., Taylor, J., van Riper, C., Weeks, E., and Stuart, J., 2005, Control of Tamarix in the western United States: Implications for water salvage, wildlife use, and riparian restoration: Environmental Management, v. 35, no. 3, p. 231-246, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-004-0099-5.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"231","endPage":"246","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131288,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-03-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aeee4b07f02db6910ec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shafroth, P.B.","contributorId":65041,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shafroth","given":"P.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cleverly, J.R.","contributorId":57415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cleverly","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dudley, T.L.","contributorId":47331,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dudley","given":"T.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Taylor, J.P.","contributorId":10380,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"van Riper, Charles III 0000-0003-1084-5843 charles_van_riper@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1084-5843","contributorId":169488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Riper","given":"Charles","suffix":"III","email":"charles_van_riper@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":322012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Weeks, E.P.","contributorId":38514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weeks","given":"E.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Stuart, J.N.","contributorId":97046,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stuart","given":"J.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":1001046,"text":"1001046 - 2005 - Discoloration of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) tape as a proxy for water-table depth in peatlands: validation and assessment of seasonal variability","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-09T10:58:44","indexId":"1001046","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1711,"text":"Functional Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Discoloration of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) tape as a proxy for water-table depth in peatlands: validation and assessment of seasonal variability","docAbstract":"Summary: 1. Discoloration of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) tape has been used in peatland ecological and hydrological studies as an inexpensive way to monitor changes in water-table depth and reducing conditions. 2. We investigated the relationship between depth of PVC tape discoloration and measured water-table depth at monthly time steps during the growing season within nine kettle peatlands of northern Wisconsin. Our specific objectives were to: (1) determine if PVC discoloration is an accurate method of inferring water-table depth in Sphagnum-dominated kettle peatlands of the region; (2) assess seasonal variability in the accuracy of the method; and (3) determine if systematic differences in accuracy occurred among microhabitats, PVC tape colour and peatlands. 3. Our results indicated that PVC tape discoloration can be used to describe gradients of water-table depth in kettle peatlands. However, accuracy differed among the peatlands studied, and was systematically biased in early spring and late summer/autumn. Regardless of the month when the tape was installed, the highest elevations of PVC tape discoloration showed the strongest correlation with midsummer (around July) water-table depth and average water-table depth during the growing season. 4. The PVC tape discoloration method should be used cautiously when precise estimates are needed of seasonal changes in the water-table.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2435.2005.01048.x","usgsCitation":"Booth, R.K., Hotchkiss, S., and Wilcox, D.A., 2005, Discoloration of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) tape as a proxy for water-table depth in peatlands: validation and assessment of seasonal variability: Functional Ecology, v. 19, no. 6, p. 1040-1047, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2435.2005.01048.x.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1040","endPage":"1047","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477858,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2435.2005.01048.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":128853,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-11-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db64a933","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Booth, Robert K.","contributorId":17177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Booth","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hotchkiss, Sara C.","contributorId":77088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hotchkiss","given":"Sara C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wilcox, Douglas A.","contributorId":36880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilcox","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1016376,"text":"1016376 - 2005 - Monitoring temporal change in riparian vegetation of Great Basin National Park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-16T14:01:06","indexId":"1016376","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3746,"text":"Western North American Naturalist","onlineIssn":"1944-8341","printIssn":"1527-0904","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Monitoring temporal change in riparian vegetation of Great Basin National Park","docAbstract":"Disturbance in riparian areas of semiarid ecosystems involves complex interactions of pulsed hydrologic flows, herbivory, fire, climatic effects, and anthropogenic influences. We resampled riparian vegetation within ten 10-m × 100-m plots that were initially sampled in 1992 in 4 watersheds of the Snake Range, east central Nevada. Our finding of significantly lower coverage of grasses, forbs, and shrubs within plots in 2001 compared with 1992 was not consistent with the management decision to remove livestock grazing from the watersheds in 1999. Change over time in cover of life-forms or bare ground was not predicted by scat counts within plots in 2001. Cover results were also not well explained by variability between the 2 sampling periods in either density of native herbivores or annual precipitation. In contrast, Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii) exhibited reduced abundance at all but the highest-elevation plot in which it occurred in 1992, and the magnitude of change in abundance was strongly predicted by plot elevation. Abundance of white fir (Abies concolor) individuals increased while aspen (Populus tremuloides) individuals decreased at 4 of 5 sites where they were sympatric, and changes in abundance in the 2 species were negatively correlated across those sites. Utility of monitoring data to detect change over time and contribute to adaptive management will vary with sample size, observer bias, use of repeatable or published methods, and precision of measurements, among other factors.
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evaporite-bearing Burns formation, Meridiani Planum, Mars","docAbstract":"Impure reworked evaporitic sandstones, preserved on Meridiani Planum, Mars, are mixtures of roughly equal amounts of altered siliciclastic debris, of basaltic provenance (40 ± 10% by mass), and chemical constituents, dominated by evaporitic minerals (jarosite, Mg-, Ca-sulfates ± chlorides ± Fe-, Na-sulfates), hematite and possibly secondary silica (60 ± 10%). These chemical constituents and their relative abundances are not an equilibrium evaporite assemblage and to a substantial degree have been reworked by aeolian and subaqueous transport. Ultimately they formed by evaporation of acidic waters derived from interaction with olivine-bearing basalts and subsequent diagenetic alteration. The rocks experienced an extended diagenetic history, with at least two and up to four distinct episodes of cementation, including stratigraphically restricted zones of recrystallization and secondary porosity, non-randomly distributed, highly spherical millimeter-scale hematitic concretions, millimeter-scale crystal molds, interpreted to have resulted from dissolution of a highly soluble evaporite mineral, elongate to sheet-like vugs and evidence for minor synsedimentary deformation (convolute and contorted bedding, possible teepee structures or salt ridge features). Other features that may be diagenetic, but more likely are associated with relatively recent meteorite impact, are meter-scale fracture patterns, veins and polygonal fractures on rock surfaces that cut across bedding. Crystallization of minerals that originally filled the molds, early cement and sediment deformation occurred syndepositionally or during early diagenesis. All other diagenetic features are consistent with formation during later diagenesis in the phreatic (fluid saturated) zone or capillary fringe of a groundwater table under near isotropic hydrological conditions such as those expected during periodic groundwater recharge. Textural evidence suggests that rapidly formed hematitic concretions post-date the primary mineral now represented by crystal molds and early pore-filling cements but pre-date secondary moldic and vug porosity. The second generation of cements followed formation of secondary porosity. This paragenetic sequence is consistent with an extended history of syndepositional through post-depositional diagenesis in the presence of a slowly fluctuating, chemically evolving, but persistently high ionic strength groundwater system.
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Hourly stage measurements in nested subbasins (6‐775 km2) of the Tuolumne River in Yosemite National Park illustrate travel time delays at different basin scales during the spring 2002 and 2003 melt seasons. Travel times increase with longer percolation times through deeper snowpacks, increase with longer travel times over land and along longer stream channels, and increase with slower in‐stream flow velocities. In basins smaller than 30 km2, travel times through the snowpack dominate streamflow timing. In particular, daily peak flows shift to earlier in the day as snowpacks thin and mean discharges increase. In basins larger than 200 km2, snowpack heterogeneity causes the hour of peak flow to be highly consistent, with little or no variation as the snowpack thins. Basins with areas in between 30 and 200 km2 exhibit different sequences of diurnal streamflow timing in different years, sometimes acting like small basins and other times like large basins. From the start of the melt season until the day of peak snowmelt discharge, increasing travel distances in channels as the snow line retreats to higher elevations do not cause long enough travel delays to offset the observed decrease in mean travel times through the snowpack. A model that couples porous medium flow through thinning snowpacks with free surface flow in stream channels can reproduce the observed patterns, provided that the model incorporates snowpack heterogeneity.
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","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/2004WR003649","issn":"00431397","usgsCitation":"Lundquist, J., and Dettinger, M.D., 2005, How snowpack heterogeneity affects diurnal streamflow timing: Water Resources Research, v. 41, no. 5, p. 1-14, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004WR003649.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"14","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477715,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2004wr003649","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":240603,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213023,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2004WR003649"}],"volume":"41","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-05-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3258e4b0c8380cd5e731","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lundquist, J.D.","contributorId":93243,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lundquist","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":423618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dettinger, M. D. 0000-0002-7509-7332","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7509-7332","contributorId":93069,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dettinger","given":"M.","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":16196,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":423617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70029086,"text":"70029086 - 2005 - Sources of variability of evapotranspiration in California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-31T09:26:42","indexId":"70029086","displayToPublicDate":"2005-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2344,"text":"Journal of Hydrometeorology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sources of variability of evapotranspiration in California","docAbstract":"The variability (1990–2002) of potential evapotranspiration estimates (ETo) and related meteorological variables from a set of stations from the California Irrigation Management System (CIMIS) is studied. Data from the National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) and from the Department of Energy from 1950 to 2001 were used to validate the results. The objective is to determine the characteristics of climatological ETo and to identify factors controlling its variability (including associated atmospheric circulations). Daily ETo anomalies are strongly correlated with net radiation (Rn) anomalies, relative humidity (RH), and cloud cover, and less with average daily temperature (Tavg). The highest intraseasonal variability of ETo daily anomalies occurs during the spring, mainly caused by anomalies below the high ETo seasonal values during cloudy days. A characteristic circulation pattern is associated with anomalies of ETo and its driving meteorological inputs, Rn, RH, and Tavg, at daily to seasonal time scales. This circulation pattern is dominated by 700-hPa geopotential height (Z700) anomalies over a region off the west coast of North America, approximately between 32° and 44° latitude, referred to as the California Pressure Anomaly (CPA). High cloudiness and lower than normal ETo are associated with the low-height (pressure) phase of the CPA pattern. Higher than normal ETo anomalies are associated with clear skies maintained through anomalously high Z700 anomalies offshore of the North American coast. Spring CPA, cloudiness, maximum temperature (Tmax), pan evaporation (Epan), and ETo conditions have not trended significantly or consistently during the second half of the twentieth century in California. Because it is not known how cloud cover and humidity will respond to climate change, the response of ETo in California to increased greenhouse-gas concentrations is essentially unknown; however, to retain the levels of ETo in the current climate, a decline of Rn by about 6% would be required to compensate for a warming of +3°C.