The Villa Del Monte landslide was one of 20 large and complex landslides triggered by the 1989 LomaPrieta, California, earthquake in a zone of pervasive coseismicground cracking near the fault rupture. The landslide was approximately 980 m long, 870 m wide, and encompassed an area of approximately 68 ha. Drilling data suggested that movement may have extended to depths as great as 85 m below the ground surface. Even though the landslide moved <1 m, it caused substantial damage to numerous dwellings and other structures, primarily as a result of differential displacements and internal Assuring. Surface cracks, scarps, and compression features delineating the Villa Del Monte landslide were discontinuous, probably because coseismic displacements were small; such discontinuous features were also characteristic of the other large, coseismic landslides in the area, which also moved only short distances during the earthquake. Because features marking landslide boundaries were discontinuous and because other types of coseismic ground cracks were widespread in the area, identification of the landslides required detailed mapping and analysis. Recognition that landslides such as that at Villa Del Monte may occur near earthquake-generating fault ruptures should aid in future hazard evaluations of areas along active faults.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America.","publisherLocation":"Boulder, CO","doi":"10.1130/REG15-p117","issn":"0080-2018","usgsCitation":"Keefer, D.K., Harp, E.L., Griggs, G.B., Evans, S.G., and DeGraff, J.V., 2002, Identifying a large landslide with small displacements in a zone of coseismic tectonic deformation; the Villa Del Monte landslide triggered by the 1989 Loma Prieta, California, earthquake: Reviews in Engineering Geology, v. 15, p. 117-134, https://doi.org/10.1130/REG15-p117.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"117","endPage":"134","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":335090,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"589d8dd8e4b0efcedb7ae5e8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keefer, David K.","contributorId":77930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keefer","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harp, Edwin L. harp@usgs.gov","contributorId":1290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harp","given":"Edwin","email":"harp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":662943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Griggs, Gary B.","contributorId":88820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griggs","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Evans, Stephen G.","contributorId":179140,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Evans","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"DeGraff, Jerome V.","contributorId":85709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeGraff","given":"Jerome","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70196023,"text":"70196023 - 2002 - USGS leads United States effort in Mallik Well","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-13T16:05:04","indexId":"70196023","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1641,"text":"Fire in the Ice: NETL Methane Hydrate Newsletter","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"USGS leads United States effort in Mallik Well","docAbstract":"This winter, in the extremely cold, far reaches of the upper Northwest Territory of Canada, there is an international consortium of researchers participating in a program to study methane hydrates. The researchers are currently drilling a 1200 m-deep production research well through the permafrost. It is one of three wells located in the Mackenzie Delta, on the shore of the Beaufort Sea. Two observation wells were drilled adjacent to the main production test well earlier this year.
Research objectives for the program focus on two themes: (1) the assessment of the production and properties of gas hydrates, and (2) an assessment of the stability of continental gas hydrates given warming trends predicted by climate change models. Of particular interest is the physical response of the gas hydrate to depressurization and thermal production stimulation. Cores are being taken from the well, and scientists hope to retrieve at least 200 m of core, including all the gas hydrate-rich intervals. Once cored, the samples are transported 200 kilometers over ice roads to Inuvik. Nearly 60 researchers are examining the cores for everything from geophysical parameters to microbiological analyses.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Department of Energy","usgsCitation":"U.S. Department of Energy, 2002, USGS leads United States effort in Mallik Well: Fire in the Ice: NETL Methane Hydrate Newsletter, v. 2, no. 1, p. 3-4.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"3","endPage":"4","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":352484,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":352482,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.netl.doe.gov/research/oil-and-gas/methane-hydrates/fire-in-the-ice"},{"id":352483,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.netl.doe.gov/File%20Library/Research/Oil-Gas/methane%20hydrates/HMNewsWinter02.pdf#page=3","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"volume":"2","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5aff0b9de4b0da30c1bfcfa5"} ,{"id":70182213,"text":"70182213 - 2002 - Response of a subarctic salt marsh plant community to grubbing and grazing by captive lesser snow geese","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-12T21:24:23","indexId":"70182213","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1474,"text":"Écoscience","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Response of a subarctic salt marsh plant community to grubbing and grazing by captive lesser snow geese","docAbstract":"Foraging intensity and faecal inputs are important determinants of plant community response to herbivory. We used captive adult lesser snow geese (Anser caerulescens caerulescens), which feed on both above- and below-ground plant tissues, to manipulate foraging intensity and faecal inputs to plots in a sedge meadow in spring, 1996. We measured plant and soil characteristics throughout the growing season of 1996 and in August 1997. We analysed three contrasts: grazed plots versus ungrazed controls, plots with a short period of feeding (3 goose-hours) versus plots with a long period of feeding (6 goose-hours), and grazed plots with faeces versus grazed plots without faeces. Although grazed plots had an order of magnitude higher foraging intensity than that imposed by wild geese in the marsh, there was no effect of feeding on biomass or nitrogen concentration in the dominant species, Carex ramenskii and Triglochin maritimum, after one and two growing seasons. The amount of forage removed by geese did not differ between plots grazed for long and short periods, indicating that geese were able to remove little additional biomass after 3 hours due to low availability. Therefore, the amount of biomass removed by geese was a better indicator of foraging intensity than the time geese fed on plots. The presence of faeces had no effect on biomass or nitrogen concentration in Carex ramenskii or Triglochin maritimum, or on rates of net nitrogen mineralization in soils. Thus, faeces did not appear to increase nitrogen availability for plants in this marsh, probably because faecal density was low.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor &Francis","doi":"10.1080/11956860.2002.11682719","usgsCitation":"Zacheis, A.B., Hupp, J.W., and Ruess, R.W., 2002, Response of a subarctic salt marsh plant community to grubbing and grazing by captive lesser snow geese: Écoscience, v. 9, no. 3, p. 320-331, https://doi.org/10.1080/11956860.2002.11682719.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"320","endPage":"331","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335879,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-03-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ad5fc3e4b01ccd54f8b52d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zacheis, Amy B.","contributorId":92460,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zacheis","given":"Amy","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":670001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hupp, Jerry W. 0000-0002-6439-3910 jhupp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6439-3910","contributorId":127803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hupp","given":"Jerry","email":"jhupp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":670002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ruess, Roger W.","contributorId":45483,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ruess","given":"Roger","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":670003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70182758,"text":"70182758 - 2002 - Using satellite telemetry to define spatial population structure in polar bears in the Norwegian and western Russian Arctic","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-28T10:57:46","indexId":"70182758","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2163,"text":"Journal of Applied Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using satellite telemetry to define spatial population structure in polar bears in the Norwegian and western Russian Arctic","docAbstract":"1. Animal populations, defined by geographical areas within a species’ distribution where population dynamics are largely regulated by births and deaths rather than by migration from surrounding areas, may be the correct unit for wildlife management. However, in heterogeneous landscapes varying habitat quality may yield subpopulations with distinct patterns in resource use and demography significant to the dynamics of populations.
2. To define the spatial population structure of polar bears Ursus maritimus in the Norwegian and western Russian Arctic, and to assess the existence of a shared population between the two countries, we analysed satellite telemetry data obtained from 105 female polar bears over 12 years.
3. Using both cluster analyses and home-range estimation methods, we identified five population units inhabiting areas with different sea-ice characteristics and prey availability.
4. The continuous distribution of polar bear positions indicated that the different subpopulations formed one continuous polar bear population in the Norwegian and western Russian Arctic. Hence, Norway and Russia have a shared management responsibility.
5. The spatial population structure identified will provide a guide for evaluating geographical patterns in polar bear ecology, the dynamics of polar bear–seal relationships and the effects of habitat alteration due to climate change. The work illustrates the importance of defining population borders and subpopulation structure in understanding the dynamics and management of larger animals.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1046/j.1365-2664.2002.00690.x","usgsCitation":"Mauritzen, M., Derocher, A.E., Wiig, Ø., Belikov, S., Boltunov, A.N., and Garner, G.W., 2002, Using satellite telemetry to define spatial population structure in polar bears in the Norwegian and western Russian Arctic: Journal of Applied Ecology, v. 39, no. 1, p. 79-90, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2664.2002.00690.x.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"79","endPage":"90","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478793,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2664.2002.00690.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":336320,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Norway, Russia","otherGeospatial":"Arctic","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -41.8359375,\n 63.704722429433225\n ],\n [\n 159.609375,\n 63.704722429433225\n ],\n [\n 159.609375,\n 85.1709701284095\n ],\n [\n -41.8359375,\n 85.1709701284095\n ],\n [\n -41.8359375,\n 63.704722429433225\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"39","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-06-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58b69a43e4b01ccd54ff3fca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mauritzen, Mette","contributorId":91753,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mauritzen","given":"Mette","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":673621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Derocher, Andrew E.","contributorId":96189,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Derocher","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":12980,"text":"Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":673622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wiig, Øystein","contributorId":13469,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiig","given":"Øystein","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":673623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Belikov, Stanislav","contributorId":19513,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Belikov","given":"Stanislav","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":673624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Boltunov, Andrei N.","contributorId":98682,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boltunov","given":"Andrei","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":673625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Garner, Gerald W.","contributorId":149918,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Garner","given":"Gerald","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":13117,"text":"Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":673626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70184474,"text":"70184474 - 2002 - Atlantic Flyway review: Piedmont-Coastal Plain, Region IV, Fall 2001: Patuxent powerline right-of-way (390-0764)","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70184474,"text":"70184474 - 2002 - Atlantic Flyway review: Piedmont-Coastal Plain, Region IV, Fall 2001: Patuxent powerline right-of-way (390-0764)","indexId":"70184474","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"title":"Atlantic Flyway review: Piedmont-Coastal Plain, Region IV, Fall 2001: Patuxent powerline right-of-way (390-0764)"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":5224225,"text":"5224225 - 2002 - Atlantic Flyway review: Piedmont-Coastal Plain, Region IV, Fall 2001","indexId":"5224225","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"title":"Atlantic Flyway review: Piedmont-Coastal Plain, Region IV, Fall 2001"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":5224225,"text":"5224225 - 2002 - Atlantic Flyway review: Piedmont-Coastal Plain, Region IV, Fall 2001","indexId":"5224225","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"title":"Atlantic Flyway review: Piedmont-Coastal Plain, Region IV, Fall 2001"},"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-09T17:52:38","indexId":"70184474","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2881,"text":"North American Bird Bander","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Atlantic Flyway review: Piedmont-Coastal Plain, Region IV, Fall 2001: Patuxent powerline right-of-way (390-0764)","docAbstract":"After one of the quietest Septembers since this station opened in 1980, a record high number of birds was captured in October, making the seasonal total almost identical to that in fall 2000. Capture totals exceeded 100 on eight mornings between 9 and 24 Oct, and a new daily high was set on 14 Oct, when 203 birds, including 105 Myrtle Warblers, were banded. Capture totals for several species set record highs: Gray Catbird (340, including 4 returns; previous high 288), Northern Cardinal (48, including 2 returns; previous high 36), Fox Sparrow (44, previous high 36), Swamp Sparrow (65, previous high 60), and White-throated Sparrow (382, including 8 returns; previous high 350). For the first time ever, captures of Red-eyed Vireos dropped below 100, with only 5 return birds captured (compared to 15 returns in 2000 and 37 in 1999). Carol Erwin and Woody Martin deserve special thanks for assisting on most mornings throughout the season. Brice Adams, Emma AIIott, Marty Barron, Danny Bystrak, Kacy Cook, Mary Gustafson, Jane Nicolich, Diann Prosser, Mike Quinlan, Gemma Radko, and Jack Saba also provided assistance.
","language":"English","publisher":"Western, Inland, and Eastern Bird Banding Associations","usgsCitation":"Dawson, D.K., 2002, Atlantic Flyway review: Piedmont-Coastal Plain, Region IV, Fall 2001: Patuxent powerline right-of-way (390-0764): North American Bird Bander, v. 27, no. 3, p. 100-100.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"100","endPage":"100","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337274,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":337273,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.westernbirdbanding.org/nabb.html","text":"Journal's Website"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland","county":"Prince George's County","city":"Laurel","otherGeospatial":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","volume":"27","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c277dde4b014cc3a3e76e3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dawson, Deanna K. ddawson@usgs.gov","contributorId":1257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dawson","given":"Deanna","email":"ddawson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":681635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70185187,"text":"70185187 - 2002 - Life-history implications of large-scale spatial variation in adult survival of black brant (Branta bernicla nigricans)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-02T14:25:34.906878","indexId":"70185187","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Life-history implications of large-scale spatial variation in adult survival of black brant (Branta bernicla nigricans)","docAbstract":"We used capture-recapture methods to estimate adult survival rates for adult female Black Brant (Branta bernicla nigricans; hereafter “brant”) from three colonies in Alaska, two on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, and one on Alaska's Arctic coast. Costs of migration and reproductive effort varied among those colonies, enabling us to examine variation in survival in relation to variation in these other variables. We used the Barker model in program MARK to estimate true annual survival for brant from the three colonies. Models allowing for spatial variation in survival were among the most parsimonious models but were indistinguishable from a model with no spatial variation. Point estimates of annual survival were slightly higher for brant from the Arctic (0.90 ± 0.036) than for brant from either Tutakoke River (0.85 ± 0.004) or Kokechik Bay (0.86 ± 0.011). Thus, our survival estimates do not support a hypothesis that the cost of longer migrations or harvest experienced by brant from the Arctic reduced their annual survival relative to brant from the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta. Spatial variation in survival provides weak support for life-history theory because brant from the region with lower reproductive investment had slightly higher survival.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1642/0004-8038(2002)119[0510:LHIOLS]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Sedinger, J.S., Chelgren, N., Lindberg, M.S., Obritchkewitch, T., Kirk, M.T., Martin, P.D., Anderson, B.A., and Ward, D.H., 2002, Life-history implications of large-scale spatial variation in adult survival of black brant (Branta bernicla nigricans): The Auk, v. 119, no. 2, p. 510-515, https://doi.org/10.1642/0004-8038(2002)119[0510:LHIOLS]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"510","endPage":"515","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478754,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1642/0004-8038(2002)119[0510:lhiols]2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":337692,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Oliktok Point, Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -164.55833694023414,\n 60.91865141322572\n ],\n [\n -164.55833694023414,\n 62.30860732906697\n ],\n [\n -166.66382709237251,\n 62.30860732906697\n ],\n [\n -166.66382709237251,\n 60.91865141322572\n ],\n [\n -164.55833694023414,\n 60.91865141322572\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -150.08095801819047,\n 70.49306944714931\n ],\n [\n -150.08095801819047,\n 69.68662280831819\n ],\n [\n -148.01236166636488,\n 69.68662280831819\n ],\n [\n -148.01236166636488,\n 70.49306944714931\n ],\n [\n -150.08095801819047,\n 70.49306944714931\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"119","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58cba41ee4b0849ce97dc762","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sedinger, James S.","contributorId":84861,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sedinger","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":12742,"text":"University of Nevada Reno","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":684663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chelgren, Nathan 0000-0003-0944-9165 nchelgren@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0944-9165","contributorId":3134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chelgren","given":"Nathan","email":"nchelgren@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":684664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lindberg, Mark S.","contributorId":63292,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lindberg","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":7211,"text":"University of Alaska, Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":684665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Obritchkewitch, Tim","contributorId":189378,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Obritchkewitch","given":"Tim","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kirk, Morgan T.","contributorId":189379,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kirk","given":"Morgan","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Martin, Philip D.","contributorId":146442,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Martin","given":"Philip","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Anderson, Betty A.","contributorId":189383,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anderson","given":"Betty","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Ward, David H. 0000-0002-5242-2526 dward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5242-2526","contributorId":3247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ward","given":"David","email":"dward@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":684670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":1015018,"text":"1015018 - 2002 - A night seining technique for sampling juvenile Atlantic salmon in streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-15T16:10:26.14566","indexId":"1015018","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A night seining technique for sampling juvenile Atlantic salmon in streams","docAbstract":"For many studies of the population dynamics, growth, and movement of juvenile Atlantic salmon Salmo salar, it is necessary to resample tagged individuals multiple times. However, common sampling techniques such as electrofishing can have negative effects on fish survival and growth, especially when individuals are repeatedly sampled. We describe an alternative to electrofishing that involves sampling at night with small, one-person seines. Juvenile Atlantic salmon in a small brook were tagged with passive integrated transponder tags and sampled 15 times by means of night seining, day electrofishing, and day seining techniques. Capturing juvenile Atlantic salmon by day seining was inefficient, resulting in a capture probability estimate of 0.18. The mean capture probability estimate was 0.45 during night seining samples and 0.78 during electrofishing samples. The total number of age-0 Atlantic salmon captured via night seining increased 4.5 times after fish attained a mean fork length of just over 60 mm. A much greater number of brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis and brown trout Salmo trutta were captured in electrofishing samples than in night seining samples. Night seining may prove useful when electrofishing is impractical, when threatened or endangered species exist, or when multiple recaptures of individuals are desired.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1577/1548-8675(2002)022%3C0595:ANSTFS%3E2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Gries, G., and Letcher, B., 2002, A night seining technique for sampling juvenile Atlantic salmon in streams: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 22, no. 2, p. 595-601, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(2002)022%3C0595:ANSTFS%3E2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"595","endPage":"601","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130825,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","city":"Whately","otherGeospatial":"West Brook","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -72.71249771118164,\n 42.41217770289301\n ],\n [\n -72.61636734008789,\n 42.41217770289301\n ],\n [\n -72.61636734008789,\n 42.456394245096185\n ],\n [\n -72.71249771118164,\n 42.456394245096185\n ],\n [\n -72.71249771118164,\n 42.41217770289301\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"22","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b20e4b07f02db6aba99","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gries, G.","contributorId":64604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gries","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Letcher, B. H. 0000-0003-0191-5678","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0191-5678","contributorId":48132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Letcher","given":"B.","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":321828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70024705,"text":"70024705 - 2002 - Very-long-period volcanic earthquakes beneath Mammoth Mountain, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-19T16:12:46.611228","indexId":"70024705","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Very-long-period volcanic earthquakes beneath Mammoth Mountain, California","docAbstract":"Detection of three very‐long‐period (VLP) volcanic earthquakes beneath Mammoth Mountain emphasizes that magmatic processes continue to be active beneath this young, eastern California volcano. These VLP earthquakes, which occurred in October 1996 and July and August 2000, appear as bell‐shaped pulses with durations of one to two minutes on a nearby borehole dilatometer and on the displacement seismogram from a nearby broadband seismometer. They are accompanied by rapid‐fire sequences of high‐frequency (HF) earthquakes and several long‐period (LP) volcanic earthquakes. The limited VLP data are consistent with a CLVD source at a depth of ∼3 km beneath the summit, which we interpret as resulting from a slug of fluid (CO2–saturated magmatic brine or perhaps basaltic magma) moving into a crack.
Following the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill (EVOS), one concern was that prevailing ecological conditions in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) would not favor recovery of damaged seabird populations. To address this issue, we examined relationships between oceanography, forage fish and seabirds near three seabird colonies in lower Cook Inlet (LCI) in 1995-1999 (some colony work continued until 2001). Upwelling of cold, nutrient-rich GOA waters at the entrance to the shallow LCI estuary supports a high density of juvenile pollock, sand lance, and capelin; which in turn are exploited by high densities of breeding seabirds (murres, kittiwakes, puffins, etc.) on the east side of LCI. Waters on the west side of LCI are oceanographically distinct (warmer, less saline, outflowing), and much less productive for forage fish and seabirds. Patterns of seabird foraging behavior, productivity and population change reflected patterns of forage fish abundance and distribution, which in turn depended on local oceanography. Most seabird parameters varied with forage fish density in a non-linear (e.g., sigmoidal, exponential) fashion, and in some areas and years, productivity was limited by food availability. Current and projected ecological conditions favor recovery of seabirds from the EVOS at some colonies. In 14 chapters, this report summarizes data and compiles it into 247 tables, figures and appendices. Chapter 14 provides a thorough synthesis of overall project findings. Final analyses and interpretations of data will be published later in peer-reviewed journals (in addition to 61 articles already completed).
","language":"English","publisher":"Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council","publisherLocation":"Anchorage, AK","usgsCitation":"2002, Response of seabirds to fluctuations in forage fish density , xxi, 172 p.","productDescription":"xxi, 172 p.","numberOfPages":"459","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342531,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":342528,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.evostc.state.ak.us/index.cfm?FA=searchresults.projectInfo&Project_ID=1750"}],"publicComments":"Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Restoration Project 00163M Final Report; OCS Study MMS 2002-068 Final Report","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59424b3fe4b0764e6c65dca1","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Piatt, John F. 0000-0002-4417-5748 jpiatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4417-5748","contributorId":3025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatt","given":"John","email":"jpiatt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":698287,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1001819,"text":"1001819 - 2002 - Floristic quality assessment of one natural and three restored wetland complexes in North Dakota, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-04T12:07:58","indexId":"1001819","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Floristic quality assessment of one natural and three restored wetland complexes in North Dakota, USA","docAbstract":"Floristic quality assessment is potentially an important tool for conservation efforts in the northern Great Plains of North America, but it has received little rigorous evaluation. Floristic quality assessments rely on coefficients assigned to each plant species of a region’s flora based on the conservatism of each species relative to others in the region. These “coefficients of conservatism” (C values) are assigned by a panel of experts familiar with a region’s flora. The floristic quality assessment method has faced some criticism due to the subjective nature of these assignments. To evaluate the effect of this subjectivity on floristic quality assessments, we performed separate evaluations of the native plant communities in a natural wetland complex and three restored wetland complexes. In our first assessment, we used C values assigned “subjectively” by the Northern Great Plains Floristic Quality Assessment Panel. We then performed an independent assessment using the observed distributions of species among a group of wetlands that ranged from highly disturbed to largely undisturbed (data-generated C values). Using the panel-assigned C values, mean C values (
Lake sturgeon Acipenser fluvescens, which are now protected from harvest, are considered rare in the upper Mississippi River and little information is available on the remaining populations. Transmitters were implanted into 31 lake sturgeon from two sites in the upper Mississippi River to describe their habitats and movement. The areas surrounding the tagging sites were core areas for both groups of lake sturgeon based on the high use (about 50% of locations by group) and frequent return to these areas by many of the tagged fish. Core areas contained sites with unique hydraulic characteristics, such that depositional substrates were common yet flow was present; these areas probably provide important feeding habitat for lake sturgeon. Minimal geographical overlap in range occurred between groups, suggesting that river reaches and associated core areas were unique to groups or substocks of fish. Lake sturgeon exhibited complex movement behaviors and had ranges of 3-198 km (median, 56 km) during the study. Tagged fish moved both downstream and upstream through upper Mississippi River navigation dams. However, dams appeared to be intermittent barriers to upstream passage because upstream passage events (10 fish, 19 passages) were fewer than downstream events (13 fish, 35 passages). Extensive use of the Wisconsin River by one group of lake sturgeon tagged in the upper Mississippi River has implications regarding management of a threatened population that transcends regulatory boundaries. Our study indicates that lake sturgeon in the upper Mississippi River system share many movement and habitat use characteristics with populations in other systems. However, significant data gaps preclude development of cogent management strategies, including information on population numbers and dynamics, identification of spawning areas, relations between groups, and assessment of the effects of commercial navigation.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(2002)131%3C0507:HAMOLS%3E2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Knights, B.C., Vallazza, J.M., Zigler, S.J., and Dewey, M.R., 2002, Habitat and movement of lake sturgeon in the upper Mississippi River system, USA: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 131, no. 3, p. 507-522, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(2002)131%3C0507:HAMOLS%3E2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"507","endPage":"522","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128491,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa, Minnesota, Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"lower Wisconsin River, upper Mississippi River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.28515625,\n 42.779275360241904\n ],\n [\n -90.054931640625,\n 42.779275360241904\n ],\n [\n -90.054931640625,\n 44.402391829093915\n ],\n [\n -92.28515625,\n 44.402391829093915\n ],\n [\n -92.28515625,\n 42.779275360241904\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"131","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ae29c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knights, Brent C. 0000-0001-8526-8468 bknights@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8526-8468","contributorId":2906,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knights","given":"Brent","email":"bknights@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":312392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vallazza, Jonathon M.","contributorId":23098,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vallazza","given":"Jonathon","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zigler, Steven J. 0000-0002-4153-0652 szigler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4153-0652","contributorId":2410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zigler","given":"Steven","email":"szigler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":312391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dewey, Michael R.","contributorId":9994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dewey","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":1003492,"text":"1003492 - 2002 - Use of satellite telemetry to identify common loon migration routes, staging areas and wintering range","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-18T16:49:53.72003","indexId":"1003492","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3731,"text":"Waterbirds","onlineIssn":"19385390","printIssn":"15244695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of satellite telemetry to identify common loon migration routes, staging areas and wintering range","docAbstract":"We developed a satellite transmitter attachment technique for adult Common Loons (Gavia immer) that would help in identifying important migration routes, staging areas, and the location of wintering grounds of birds that breed in the north central United States. During the autumn and winter of 1998, the migration of six adult loons that were radio marked in northern Wisconsin and Minnesota was monitored. The results of this work offer insight into autumn movement patterns of Common Loons. Timing of autumn staging and migration to wintering grounds appeared to be related to low pressure systems that delivered winter weather to the Upper Midwest. Most of the radiomarked birds staged on the Great Lakes and then followed one of two distinct migration routes to the Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic coasts. Several of the birds used lakes and reservoirs in the southeastern United States during migration. This study provides a basis for more extensive studies of Common Loon migration.
","language":"English","publisher":"Waterbird Society","doi":"10.1675/1524-4695(2002)025[0449:UOSTTI]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Kenow, K.P., Meyer, M.W., Evers, D., Douglas, D., and Hines, J., 2002, Use of satellite telemetry to identify common loon migration routes, staging areas and wintering range: Waterbirds, v. 25, p. 449-458, https://doi.org/10.1675/1524-4695(2002)025[0449:UOSTTI]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"449","endPage":"458","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134494,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a17e4b07f02db6043cf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kenow, Kevin P. 0000-0002-3062-5197 kkenow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3062-5197","contributorId":3339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kenow","given":"Kevin","email":"kkenow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":313380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meyer, Michael W.","contributorId":149111,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Meyer","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":17645,"text":"Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Rhinelander, WI","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":313383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Evers, David","contributorId":34364,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evers","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Douglas, David C. 0000-0003-0186-1104 ddouglas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0186-1104","contributorId":150115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Douglas","given":"David C.","email":"ddouglas@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":313381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hines, J.","contributorId":41395,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":1003934,"text":"1003934 - 2002 - Preface","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-13T14:15:22","indexId":"1003934","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1919,"text":"Hydrobiologia","onlineIssn":"1573-5117","printIssn":"0018-8158","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Preface","docAbstract":"This issue of Hydrobiologia brings together a series of papers resulting from an intensified effort to describe the current status of the physical and biological conditions present at California's Salton Sea. Most of the studies were contract investigations that were part of a project initiated in January 1998 to pursue the improvement of environmental conditions at the Salton Sea. The remainder are independent investigations resulting in information of importance for the Salton Sea Restoration Project. The information provided by those investigations resulting in information of importance for the Salton Sea Restoration Project. The information provided by those investigations is the most holistic assembly of scientific knowledge about the Salton Sea ever brought together in a single publication. The resulting findings provide an important foundation of knowledge for what has been stated to be '. . . one of the worlds' most dynamic salt lakes . . .' (Hart et al., 1998). We hope this publication will serve as a catalyst to stimulate additional scientific investigations that will further enhance understanding of the dynamics of this unique ecosystem. The purpose for these introductory comments is to place the scientific investigations reported on and the Salton Sea Restoration Project in context and entities, and to one another.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","usgsCitation":"Friend, M., 2002, Preface: Hydrobiologia, v. 473, no. 1-3, p. vii-xii.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"vii","endPage":"xii","numberOfPages":"6","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134408,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Salton Sea","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.10076904296875,\n 33.516209361109055\n ],\n [\n -116.10076904296875,\n 33.48185394054361\n ],\n [\n -116.06506347656251,\n 33.43602551072033\n ],\n [\n -116.04583740234374,\n 33.37182502950726\n ],\n [\n -115.97991943359375,\n 33.332823028503576\n ],\n [\n -115.88928222656249,\n 33.261656767328006\n ],\n [\n -115.84808349609375,\n 33.167444534375925\n ],\n [\n -115.76293945312499,\n 33.08693925905123\n ],\n [\n -115.69976806640625,\n 33.08003537299405\n ],\n [\n -115.56793212890625,\n 33.201924189778936\n ],\n [\n -115.587158203125,\n 33.305281685899445\n ],\n [\n -115.65582275390624,\n 33.358061612778876\n ],\n [\n -115.72998046875,\n 33.358061612778876\n ],\n [\n -115.92224121093749,\n 33.54139466898275\n ],\n [\n -116.0101318359375,\n 33.55055114384406\n ],\n [\n -116.10076904296875,\n 33.516209361109055\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"473","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e7c0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Friend, M. 0000-0002-2882-3629","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2882-3629","contributorId":82634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friend","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70024470,"text":"70024470 - 2002 - The oligocene Lund Tuff, Great Basin, USA: A very large volume monotonous intermediate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:05","indexId":"70024470","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The oligocene Lund Tuff, Great Basin, USA: A very large volume monotonous intermediate","docAbstract":"Unusual monotonous intermediate ignimbrites consist of phenocryst-rich dacite that occurs as very large volume (> 1000 km3) deposits that lack systematic compositional zonation, comagmatic rhyolite precursors, and underlying plinian beds. They are distinct from countless, usually smaller volume, zoned rhyolite-dacite-andesite deposits that are conventionally believed to have erupted from magma chambers in which thermal and compositional gradients were established because of sidewall crystallization and associated convective fractionation. Despite their great volume, or because of it, monotonous intermediates have received little attention. Documentation of the stratigraphy, composition, and geologic setting of the Lund Tuff - one of four monotonous intermediate tuffs in the middle-Tertiary Great Basin ignimbrite province - provides insight into its unusual origin and, by implication, the origin of other similar monotonous intermediates. The Lund Tuff is a single cooling unit with normal magnetic polarity whose volume likely exceeded 3000 km3. It was emplaced 29.02 ?? 0.04 Ma in and around the coeval White Rock caldera which has an unextended north-south diameter of about 50 km. The tuff is monotonous in that its phenocryst assemblage is virtually uniform throughout the deposit: plagioclase > quartz ??? hornblende > biotite > Fe-Ti oxides ??? sanidine > titanite, zircon, and apatite. However, ratios of phenocrysts vary by as much as an order of magnitude in a manner consistent with progressive crystallization in the pre-eruption chamber. A significant range in whole-rock chemical composition (e.g., 63-71 wt% SiO2) is poorly correlated with phenocryst abundance. These compositional attributes cannot have been caused wholly by winnowing of glass from phenocrysts during eruption, as has been suggested for the monotonous intermediate Fish Canyon Tuff. Pumice fragments are also crystal-rich, and chemically and mineralogically indistinguishable from bulk tuff. We postulate that convective mixing in a sill-like magma chamber precluded development of a zoned chamber with a rhyolitic top or of a zoned pyroclastic deposit. Chemical variations in the Lund Tuff are consistent with equilibrium crystallization of a parental dacitic magma followed by eruptive mixing of compositionally diverse crystals and high-silica rhyolite vitroclasts during evacuation and emplacement. This model contrasts with the more systematic withdrawal from a bottle-shaped chamber in which sidewall crystallization creates a marked vertical compositional gradient and a substantial volume of capping-evolved rhyolite magma. Eruption at exceptionally high discharge rates precluded development of an underlying plinian deposit. The generation of the monotonous intermediate Lund magma and others like it in the middle Tertiary of the western USA reflects an unusually high flux of mantle-derived mafic magma into unusually thick and warm crust above a subducting slab of oceanic lithosphere. ?? 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0377-0273(01)00256-6","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Maughan, L., Christiansen, E.H., Best, M.G., Grommé, C., Deino, A., and Tingey, D., 2002, The oligocene Lund Tuff, Great Basin, USA: A very large volume monotonous intermediate: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 113, no. 1-2, p. 129-157, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-0273(01)00256-6.","startPage":"129","endPage":"157","numberOfPages":"29","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207882,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0377-0273(01)00256-6"},{"id":233155,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"113","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bae51e4b08c986b323feb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Maughan, L.L.","contributorId":72981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maughan","given":"L.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Christiansen, E. H.","contributorId":65077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christiansen","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Best, M. G.","contributorId":57843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Best","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Grommé, C. S.","contributorId":38558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grommé","given":"C. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Deino, A.L.","contributorId":61153,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deino","given":"A.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Tingey, D.G.","contributorId":102145,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tingey","given":"D.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70024463,"text":"70024463 - 2002 - Adaptive inference for distinguishing credible from incredible patterns in nature","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-12T12:41:00","indexId":"70024463","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1478,"text":"Ecosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Adaptive inference for distinguishing credible from incredible patterns in nature","docAbstract":"Strong inference is a powerful and rapid tool that can be used to identify and explain patterns in molecular biology, cell biology, and physiology. It is effective where causes are single and separable and where discrimination between pairwise alternative hypotheses can be determined experimentally by a simple yes or no answer. But causes in ecological systems are multiple and overlapping and are not entirely separable. Frequently, competing hypotheses cannot be distinguished by a single unambiguous test, but only by a suite of tests of different kinds, that produce a body of evidence to support one line of argument and not others. We call this process \"adaptive inference\". Instead of pitting each member of a pair of hypotheses against each other, adaptive inference relies on the exuberant invention of multiple, competing hypotheses, after which carefully structured comparative data are used to explore the logical consequences of each. Herein we present an example that demonstrates the attributes of adaptive inference that have developed out of a 30-year study of the resilience of ecosystems.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10021-001-0076-2","usgsCitation":"Holling, C.S., and Allen, C.R., 2002, Adaptive inference for distinguishing credible from incredible patterns in nature: Ecosystems, v. 5, no. 4, p. 319-328, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-001-0076-2.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"319","endPage":"328","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233049,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e6e4e4b0c8380cd476e6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holling, Crawford S.","contributorId":20511,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holling","given":"Crawford","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Allen, Craig R. 0000-0001-8655-8272 allencr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8655-8272","contributorId":1979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Craig","email":"allencr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":401380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70024401,"text":"70024401 - 2002 - Fate and effects of the triazinone herbicide metribuzin in experimental pond mesocosms","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:00","indexId":"70024401","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fate and effects of the triazinone herbicide metribuzin in experimental pond mesocosms","docAbstract":"Metribuzin is a triazinone herbicide that is widely used for the control of grasses and broad-leaved weeds in soybeans, sugarcane, and numerous other crops. Metribuzin is highly toxic to freshwater macrophytes and algae under laboratory conditions (median plant EC50 = 31 ??g/L; n = 11 species) but has not been studied under controlled outdoor conditions. We conducted a 6-week study to examine the aquatic fate and effects of metribuzin in 0.1-ha outdoor aquatic mesocosms. Mesocosms (n = 2 per treatment) were treated with metribuzin at one of five concentrations: 0, 9, 19, 38, or 75 ??g/L. Concentrations were selected to bracket known laboratory effect concentrations and to reflect calculated edge-of-field concentrations. The dissipation half-life of metribuzin in water was 5 days. Metribuzin had no statistically significant effects on water quality, periphyton biomass, macrophyte biomass, macrophyte species composition, fish survival, or fish growth at treatment levels ranging up to and including 75 ??g/L. Although metribuzin is highly toxic to freshwater macrophytes and algae under laboratory conditions, it poses little risk to nontarget aquatic plants due to the short aqueous dissipation half-life. The findings also demonstrate that current herbicide risk assessment procedures used in the registration process could benefit from empirical assessments of the fate of chemicals under realistic environmental conditions.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00244-002-1208-1","issn":"00904341","usgsCitation":"Fairchild, J., and Sappington, L., 2002, Fate and effects of the triazinone herbicide metribuzin in experimental pond mesocosms: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 43, no. 2, p. 198-202, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-002-1208-1.","startPage":"198","endPage":"202","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207227,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00244-002-1208-1"},{"id":232003,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-10-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0f04e4b0c8380cd5370b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fairchild, J.F.","contributorId":88891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fairchild","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sappington, L.C.","contributorId":76907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sappington","given":"L.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70024388,"text":"70024388 - 2002 - Contaminants in arctic snow collected over northwest Alaskan sea ice","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:00","indexId":"70024388","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3728,"text":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","onlineIssn":"1573-2932","printIssn":"0049-6979","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Contaminants in arctic snow collected over northwest Alaskan sea ice","docAbstract":"Snow cores were collected over sea ice from four northwest Alaskan Arctic estuaries that represented the annual snowfall from the 1995-1996 season. Dissolved trace metals, major cations and anions, total mercury, and organochlorine compounds were determined and compared to concentrations in previous arctic studies. Traces (<4 nanograms per liter, ng L-1) of cis- and trans-chlordane, dimethyl 2,3,5,6-tetrachloroterephthalate, dieldrin, endosulfan II, and PCBs were detected in some samples, with endosulfan I consistently present. High chlorpyrifos concentrations (70-80 ng L-1) also were estimated at three sites. The snow was highly enriched in sulfates (69- 394 mg L-1), with high proportions of nonsea salt sulfates at three of five sites (9 of 15 samples), thus indicating possible contamination through long-distance transport and deposition of sulfate-rich atmospheric aerosols. Mercury, cadmium, chromium, molybdenum, and uranium were typically higher in the marine snow (n = 15) in relation to snow from arctic terrestrial studies, whereas cations associated with terrigenous sources, such as aluminum, frequently were lower over the sea ice. One Kasegaluk Lagoon site (Chukchi Sea) had especially high concentrations of total mercury (mean = 214 ng L-1, standard deviation = 5 ng L-1), but no methyl mercury was detected above the method detection limit (0.036 ng L-1) at any of the sites. Elevated concentrations of sulfate, mercury, and certain heavy metals might indicate mechanisms of contaminant loss from the arctic atmosphere over marine water not previously reported over land areas. Scavenging by snow, fog, or riming processes and the high content of deposited halides might facilitate the loss of such contaminants from the atmosphere. Both the mercury and chlorpyrifos concentrations merit further investigation in view of their toxicity to aquatic organisms at low concentrations.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water, Air, and Soil Pollution","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1023/A:1015808008298","issn":"00496979","usgsCitation":"Garbarino, J., Snyder-Conn, E., Leiker, T., and Hoffman, G.L., 2002, Contaminants in arctic snow collected over northwest Alaskan sea ice: Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, v. 139, no. 1-4, p. 183-214, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015808008298.","startPage":"183","endPage":"214","numberOfPages":"32","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207198,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1015808008298"},{"id":231930,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"139","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fa3ce4b0c8380cd4d9ce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Garbarino, J.R.","contributorId":76326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garbarino","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Snyder-Conn, E.","contributorId":7026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snyder-Conn","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Leiker, T.J.","contributorId":96719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leiker","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hoffman, G. L.","contributorId":70713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70024345,"text":"70024345 - 2002 - Using simple environmental variables to estimate below-ground productivity in grasslands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-10T10:19:05","indexId":"70024345","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1839,"text":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using simple environmental variables to estimate below-ground productivity in grasslands","docAbstract":"In many temperate and annual grasslands, above-ground net primary productivity (NPP) can be estimated by measuring peak above-ground biomass. Estimates of below-ground net primary productivity and, consequently, total net primary productivity, are more difficult. We addressed one of the three main objectives of the Global Primary Productivity Data Initiative for grassland systems to develop simple models or algorithms to estimate missing components of total system NPP. Any estimate of below-ground NPP (BNPP) requires an accounting of total root biomass, the percentage of living biomass and annual turnover of live roots. We derived a relationship using above-ground peak biomass and mean annual temperature as predictors of below-ground biomass (r2 = 0.54; P = 0.01). The percentage of live material was 0.6, based on published values. We used three different functions to describe root turnover: constant, a direct function of above-ground biomass, or as a positive exponential relationship with mean annual temperature. We tested the various models against a large database of global grassland NPP and the constant turnover and direct function models were approximately equally descriptive (r2 = 0.31 and 0.37), while the exponential function had a stronger correlation with the measured values (r2 = 0.40) and had a better fit than the other two models at the productive end of the BNPP gradient. When applied to extensive data we assembled from two grassland sites with reliable estimates of total NPP, the direct function was most effective, especially at lower productivity sites. We provide some caveats for its use in systems that lie at the extremes of the grassland gradient and stress that there are large uncertainties associated with measured and modelled estimates of BNPP.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1046/j.1466-822X.2001.00267.x","issn":"1466822X","usgsCitation":"Gill, R., Kelly, R., Parton, W., Day, K., Jackson, R., Morgan, J., Scurlock, J., Tieszen, L., Castle, J., Ojima, D., and Zhang, X., 2002, Using simple environmental variables to estimate below-ground productivity in grasslands: Global Ecology and Biogeography, v. 11, no. 1, p. 79-86, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1466-822X.2001.00267.x.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"79","endPage":"86","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":231663,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207071,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1466-822X.2001.00267.x"}],"volume":"11","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-02-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc09fe4b08c986b32a223","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gill, R.A.","contributorId":60409,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gill","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kelly, R.H.","contributorId":95231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelly","given":"R.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Parton, W.J.","contributorId":89685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parton","given":"W.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Day, K.A.","contributorId":23307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Day","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jackson, R.B.","contributorId":42174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackson","given":"R.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Morgan, J.A.","contributorId":74162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morgan","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Scurlock, J.M.O.","contributorId":76905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scurlock","given":"J.M.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Tieszen, L.L.","contributorId":24046,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tieszen","given":"L.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Castle, J.V.","contributorId":65249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Castle","given":"J.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Ojima, D.S.","contributorId":49549,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ojima","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Zhang, X.S.","contributorId":26848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"X.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70024282,"text":"70024282 - 2002 - Lag times of bank filtration at a well field, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:00","indexId":"70024282","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lag times of bank filtration at a well field, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA","docAbstract":"Wells placed next to surface-water bodies to induce infiltration have come under scrutiny because of the presence of the potential pathogens in surface water. Removal of pathogens and other contaminants by bank filtration is assumed, but regulatory agencies question the effectiveness of this process. To investigate transport processes of biological constituents, advective groundwater traveltimes to production wells under the influence of surface water need to be established first to determine appropriate water-quality sampling schedules. This paper presents the results of a study of bank filtration at a well field in southwestern Ohio. Field parameters such as water level, specific conductance, and water temperature were measured at least hourly at a streamflow gaging station and at five monitoring wells each at two separate sites, corresponding to two nearby production wells. Water-quality samples also were collected in all wells and the streamflow gaging station. Specific conductance is directly related to concentration of chloride, a chemically conservative constituent. Cross-correlation methods were used to determine the average traveltime from the river to the monitoring wells. Traveltimes based on specific conductance ranged from approximately 20 h to 10 days at one site and 5 days to 3 months at the other site. Calculated groundwater flow velocities ranged from 2.1 ?? 10-3 to 6.0 ?? 10-3 cm/s and 3.5 ?? 10-4 to 7.1 ?? 10-4 cm/s at the two sites. Data collected when a production well is continuously pumping reveal shorter and more consistent traveltimes than when the same well is pumped intermittently. ?? 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0022-1694(02)00164-6","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Sheets, R.A., Darner, R., and Whitteberry, B., 2002, Lag times of bank filtration at a well field, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA: Journal of Hydrology, v. 266, no. 3-4, p. 162-174, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(02)00164-6.","startPage":"162","endPage":"174","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231809,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207138,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(02)00164-6"}],"volume":"266","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4132e4b0c8380cd6538d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sheets, R. A.","contributorId":43381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sheets","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Darner, R.A.","contributorId":19193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Darner","given":"R.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Whitteberry, B.L.","contributorId":23718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitteberry","given":"B.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70024261,"text":"70024261 - 2002 - Long-term evolution of biodegradation and volatilization rates in a crude oil-contaminated aquifer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-26T07:38:48","indexId":"70024261","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1042,"text":"Bioremediation Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Long-term evolution of biodegradation and volatilization rates in a crude oil-contaminated aquifer","docAbstract":"Volatilization and subsequent biodegradation near the water Table make up a coupled natural attenuation pathway that results in significant mass loss of hydrocarbons. Rates of biodegradation and volatilization were documented twice 12 years apart at a crude-oil spill site near Bemidji, Minnesota. Biodegradation rates were determined by calibrating a gas transport model to O2, CO2, and CH4 gas-concentration data in the unsaturated zone. Reaction stoichiometry was assumed in converting O2 and CO2 gas-flux estimates to rates of aerobic biodegradation and CH4 gas-flux estimates to rates of methanogenesis. Model results indicate that the coupled pathway has resulted in significant hydrocarbon mass loss at the site, and it was estimated that approximately 10.52 kg/day were lost in 1985 and 1.99 kg/day in 1997. In 1985 3% of total volatile hydrocarbons diffusing from the floating oil were biodegraded in the lower 1 m of the unsaturated zone and increased to 52% by 1997. Rates of hydrocarbon biodegradation above the center of the floating oil were relatively stable from 1985 to 1997, as the primary metabolic pathway shifted from aerobic to methanogenic biodegradation. Model results indicate that in 1997 biodegradation under methanogenenic conditions represented approximately one-half of total hydrocarbon biodegradation in the lower 1 m of the unsaturated zone. Further downgradient, where substrate concentrations have greatly increased, total biodegradation rates increased by greater than an order of magnitude from 0.04 to 0.43 g/m2-day. It appears that volatilization is the primary mechanism for attenuation in early stages of plume evolution, while biodegradation dominates in later stages.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor and Francis","doi":"10.1080/10889860290777594","issn":"10889868","usgsCitation":"Chaplin, B., Delin, G., Baker, R., and Lahvis, M., 2002, Long-term evolution of biodegradation and volatilization rates in a crude oil-contaminated aquifer: Bioremediation Journal, v. 6, no. 3, p. 237-255, https://doi.org/10.1080/10889860290777594.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"237","endPage":"255","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232073,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269729,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10889860290777594"}],"volume":"6","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a498ee4b0c8380cd686ef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chaplin, B.P.","contributorId":22532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chaplin","given":"B.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Delin, G. N.","contributorId":12834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Delin","given":"G. N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baker, R.J.","contributorId":85915,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baker","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lahvis, M.A.","contributorId":96029,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lahvis","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70024249,"text":"70024249 - 2002 - Sea level response to ENSO along the central California coast: How the 1997-1998 event compares with the historic record","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-28T13:30:43.780378","indexId":"70024249","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3194,"text":"Progress in Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sea level response to ENSO along the central California coast: How the 1997-1998 event compares with the historic record","docAbstract":"Long-term monthly sea level and sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies from central California show that during winter months, positive anomalies are associated with El Niño events and the negative ones with La Niña events. There is no significant impact on monthly mean anomalies associated with Pacific decadal oscillations, although there is a tendency for more extreme events and greater variance during positive decadal oscillations. The very strong 1997–1998 El Niño was analyzed with respect to the long-term historic record to assess the forcing mechanisms for sea level and SST. Beginning in the spring of 1997, we observed several long-period
Lesser snow geese (Anser caerulescens caerulescens) and Canada geese (Branta canadensis) use several salt marshes in Cook Inlet, Alaska, as stopover areas for brief periods during spring migration. We investigated the effects of geese on nitrogen cycling processes in Susitna Flats, one of the marshes. We compared net nitrogen mineralization, organic nitrogen pools and production in buried bags, nitrogen fixation by cyanobacteria, and soil and litter characteristics on grazed plots versus paired plots that had been exclosed from grazing for 3 years. Grazed areas had higher rates of net nitrogen mineralization in the spring and there was no effect of grazing on organic nitrogen availability. The increased mineralization rates in grazed plots could not be accounted for by alteration of litter quality, litter quantity, microclimate, or root biomass, which were not different between grazed and exclosed plots. In addition, fecal input was very slight in the year that we studied nitrogen cycling. We propose that trampling had two effects that could account for greater nitrogen availability in grazed areas: litter incorporation into soil, resulting in increased rates of decomposition and mineralization of litter material, and greater rates of nitrogen fixation by cyanobacteria on bare, trampled soils. A path analysis indicated that litter incorporation by trampling played a primary role in the nitrogen dynamics of the system, with nitrogen fixation secondary, and that fecal input was of little importance.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00442-001-0837-9","issn":"00298549","usgsCitation":"Zacheis, A.B., Ruess, R.W., and Hupp, J.W., 2002, Nitrogen dynamics in an Alaskan salt marsh following spring use by geese: Oecologia, v. 130, no. 4, p. 600-608, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-001-0837-9.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"600","endPage":"608","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":231681,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Cook Inlet","volume":"130","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a66d0e4b0c8380cd72fe5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zacheis, Amy B.","contributorId":92460,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zacheis","given":"Amy","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ruess, Roger W.","contributorId":45483,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ruess","given":"Roger","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hupp, Jerry W. 0000-0002-6439-3910 jhupp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6439-3910","contributorId":127803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hupp","given":"Jerry","email":"jhupp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":400227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70024161,"text":"70024161 - 2002 - Global Omori law decay of triggered earthquakes: Large aftershocks outside the classical aftershock zone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-14T15:50:24.601126","indexId":"70024161","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Global Omori law decay of triggered earthquakes: Large aftershocks outside the classical aftershock zone","docAbstract":"[1] Triggered earthquakes can be large, damaging, and lethal as evidenced by the1999 shocks in Turkey and the 2001 earthquakes in El Salvador. In this study, earthquakes with Ms ≥ 7.0 from the Harvard centroid moment tensor (CMT) catalog are modeled as dislocations to calculate shear stress changes on subsequent earthquake rupture planes near enough to be affected. About 61% of earthquakes that occurred near (defined as having shear stress change ∣Δτ∣ ≥ 0.01 MPa) the Ms ≥ 7.0 shocks are associated with calculated shear stress increases, while ∼39% are associated with shear stress decreases. If earthquakes associated with calculated shear stress increases are interpreted as triggered, then such events make up at least 8% of the CMT catalog. Globally, these triggered earthquakes obey an Omori law rate decay that lasts between ∼7–11 years after the main shock. Earthquakes associated with calculated shear stress increases occur at higher rates than background up to 240 km away from the main shock centroid. Omori's law is one of the few time‐predictable patterns evident in the global occurrence of earthquakes. If large triggered earthquakes habitually obey Omori's law, then their hazard can be more readily assessed. The characteristic rate change with time and spatial distribution can be used to rapidly assess the likelihood of triggered earthquakes following events of Ms ≥ 7.0. I show an example application to the M = 7.7 13 January 2001 El Salvador earthquake where use of global statistics appears to provide a better rapid hazard estimate than Coulomb stress change calculations.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2001JB000646","usgsCitation":"Parsons, T., 2002, Global Omori law decay of triggered earthquakes: Large aftershocks outside the classical aftershock zone: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 107, no. B9, p. ESE 9-1-ESE 9-20, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JB000646.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"ESE 9-1","endPage":"ESE 9-20","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478625,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2001jb000646","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":231643,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"107","issue":"B9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-09-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2936e4b0c8380cd5a75c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parsons, Tom 0000-0002-0582-4338","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0582-4338","contributorId":22056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parsons","given":"Tom","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":763675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70024149,"text":"70024149 - 2002 - Characterization of the spatial variability of channel morphology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:03","indexId":"70024149","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1425,"text":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characterization of the spatial variability of channel morphology","docAbstract":"The spatial variability of two fundamental morphological variables is investigated for rivers having a wide range of discharge (five orders of magnitude). The variables, water-surface width and average depth, were measured at 58 to 888 equally spaced cross-sections in channel links (river reaches between major tributaries). These measurements provide data to characterize the two-dimensional structure of a channel link which is the fundamental unit of a channel network. The morphological variables have nearly log-normal probability distributions. A general relation was determined which relates the means of the log-transformed variables to the logarithm of discharge similar to previously published downstream hydraulic geometry relations. The spatial variability of the variables is described by two properties: (1) the coefficient of variation which was nearly constant (0.13-0.42) over a wide range of discharge; and (2) the integral length scale in the downstream direction which was approximately equal to one to two mean channel widths. The joint probability distribution of the morphological variables in the downstream direction was modelled as a first-order, bivariate autoregressive process. This model accounted for up to 76 per cent of the total variance. The two-dimensional morphological variables can be scaled such that the channel width-depth process is independent of discharge. The scaling properties will be valuable to modellers of both basin and channel dynamics. Published in 2002 John Wiley and Sons, Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/esp.403","issn":"01979337","usgsCitation":"Moody, J.A., and Troutman, B., 2002, Characterization of the spatial variability of channel morphology: Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, v. 27, no. 12, p. 1251-1266, https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.403.","startPage":"1251","endPage":"1266","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207263,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/esp.403"},{"id":232068,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-09-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f4e7e4b0c8380cd4bfc2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moody, J. A.","contributorId":32930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moody","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Troutman, B.M.","contributorId":73638,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Troutman","given":"B.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}