The selection of Meridiani Planum and Gusev crater as the Mars Exploration Rover landing sites took over 2 years, involved broad participation of the science community via four open workshops, and narrowed an initial ∼155 potential sites (80–300 × 30 km) to four finalists based on science and safety. Engineering constraints important to the selection included (1) latitude (10°N–15°S) for maximum solar power, (2) elevation (less than −1.3 km) for sufficient atmosphere to slow the lander, (3) low horizontal winds, shear, and turbulence in the last few kilometers to minimize horizontal velocity, (4) low 10‐m‐scale slopes to reduce airbag spin‐up and bounce, (5) moderate rock abundance to reduce abrasion or strokeout of the airbags, and (6) a radar‐reflective, load‐bearing, and trafficable surface safe for landing and roving that is not dominated by fine‐grained dust. The evaluation of sites utilized existing as well as targeted orbital information acquired from the Mars Global Surveyor and Mars Odyssey. Three of the final four landing sites show strong evidence for surface processes involving water and appear capable of addressing the science objectives of the missions, which are to determine the aqueous, climatic, and geologic history of sites on Mars where conditions may have been favorable to the preservation of evidence of possible prebiotic or biotic processes. The evaluation of science criteria placed Meridiani and Gusev as the highest‐priority sites. The evaluation of the three most critical safety criteria (10‐m‐scale slopes, rocks, and winds) and landing simulation results indicated that Meridiani and Elysium Planitia are the safest sites, followed by Gusev and Isidis Planitia.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/2003JE002074","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Golombek, M., Grant, J.A., Parker, T.J., Kass, D., Crisp, J., Squyres, S.W., Haldemann, A.F., Adler, M., Lee, W., Bridges, N., Arvidson, R., Carr, M.H., Kirk, R.L., Knocke, P., Roncoli, R., Weitz, C., Schofield, J.T., Zurek, R., Christensen, P.R., Fergason, R., Anderson, F., and Rice, J.W., 2003, Selection of the Mars Exploration Rover landing sites: Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets, v. 108, no. E12, 48 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JE002074.","productDescription":"48 p.","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233154,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Gusev Crater; Mars; Meridiani Planum","volume":"108","issue":"E12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-12-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8cd5e4b08c986b318166","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Golombek, M.P.","contributorId":52696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Golombek","given":"M.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grant, J. 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Jr.","contributorId":53040,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"J.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":22}]}} ,{"id":70024888,"text":"70024888 - 2003 - Assimilation and partitioning of prey nitrogen within two anthozoans and their endosymbiotic zooxanthellae","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-21T19:32:59.907424","indexId":"70024888","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2663,"text":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assimilation and partitioning of prey nitrogen within two anthozoans and their endosymbiotic zooxanthellae","docAbstract":"The movement of nitrogen from zooplankton prey into the temperate scleractinian coral Oculina arbuscula and the anemone Aiptasia pallida was measured using 15N-labeled brine shrimp. The efficiency with which prey nitrogen was incorporated into cnidarian tissues was species-specific. O. arbuscula with a full complement of zooxanthellae had an assimilation efficiency of nearly 100%, compared to only 46% for corals containing few zooxanthellae. In A. pallida, symbiont density had no effect, and nitrogen assimilation was 23 to 29%. In both species, the host retained the bulk of the ingested label. Complete digestion was rapid (<4 h), as was the partitioning of the label between host amino acids and macromolecules. The label was primarily in the low-molecular weight-amino acid pool in O. arbuscula, where it remained for 30 h. A maximum of ca. 20% of the 15N appeared in the zooxanthellae, where it was rapidly converted into macromolecules. Individual amino acids in A. pallida tissues were highly labeled with 15N within 4 h and showed no subsequent enrichment with time; however, zooxanthellae amino acids became increasingly enriched over 30 h. Differences in 15N enrichment among amino acids were consistent with known synthesis and transformation pathways, but it was not possible to discriminate between host feeding and de novo synthesis.
","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research Science Publisher","doi":"10.3354/meps262125","issn":"01718630","usgsCitation":"Piniak, G., Lipschultz, F., and McClelland, J., 2003, Assimilation and partitioning of prey nitrogen within two anthozoans and their endosymbiotic zooxanthellae: Marine Ecology Progress Series, v. 262, p. 125-136, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps262125.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"125","endPage":"136","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478451,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/meps262125","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":388313,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"262","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ee8be4b0c8380cd49df1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Piniak, G.A.","contributorId":35512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piniak","given":"G.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lipschultz, F.","contributorId":47121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lipschultz","given":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McClelland, J.","contributorId":61986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McClelland","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70024886,"text":"70024886 - 2003 - Phosphorus cycling and partitioning in an oligotrophic Everglades wetland ecosystem: A radioisotope tracing study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:09","indexId":"70024886","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1696,"text":"Freshwater Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Phosphorus cycling and partitioning in an oligotrophic Everglades wetland ecosystem: A radioisotope tracing study","docAbstract":"1. Our goal was to quantify short-term phosphorus (P) partitioning and identify the ecosystem components important to P cycling in wetland ecosystems. To do this, we added P radiotracer to oligotrophic, P-limited Everglades marshes. 32PO4 was added to the water column in six 1-m2 enclosed mesocosms located in long-hydroperiod marshes of Shark River Slough, Everglades National Park. Ecosystem components were then repeatedly sampled over 18 days. 2. Water column particulates (>0.45 ??m) incorporated radiotracer within the first minute after dosing and stored 95-99% of total water column 32P activity throughout the study. Soluble (<0.45 ??m) 32P in the water column, in contrast, was always <5% of the 32P in surface water. Periphyton, both floating and attached to emergent macrophytes, had the highest specific activity of 32P (Bq g-131P) among the different ecosystem components. Fish and aquatic macroinvertebrates also had high affinity for P, whereas emergent macrophytes, soil and flocculent detrital organic matter (floc) had the lowest specific activities of radiotracer. 3. Within the calcareous, floating periphyton mats, 81% of the initial 32P uptake was associated with Ca, but most of this 32P entered and remained within the organic pool (Ca-associated = 14% of total) after 1 day. In the floc layer, 32P rapidly entered the microbial pool and the labile fraction was negligible for most of the study. 4. Budgeting of the radiotracer indicated that 32P moved from particulates in the water column to periphyton and floc and then to the floc and soil over the course of the 18 days incubations. Floc (35% of total) and soil (27%) dominated 32P storage after 18 days, with floating periphyton (12%) and surface water (10%) holding smaller proportions of total ecosystem 32P. 5. To summarise, oligotrophic Everglades marshes exhibited rapid uptake and retention of labile 32P. Components dominated by microbes appear to control short-term P cycling in this oligotrophic ecosystem.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Freshwater Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1046/j.1365-2427.2003.01143.x","issn":"00465070","usgsCitation":"Noe, G., Scinto, L., Taylor, J., Childers, D., and Jones, R., 2003, Phosphorus cycling and partitioning in an oligotrophic Everglades wetland ecosystem: A radioisotope tracing study: Freshwater Biology, v. 48, no. 11, p. 1993-2008, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2427.2003.01143.x.","startPage":"1993","endPage":"2008","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207813,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2427.2003.01143.x"},{"id":233037,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"48","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-10-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a78b6e4b0c8380cd78770","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Noe, G.B.","contributorId":66464,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noe","given":"G.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scinto, L.J.","contributorId":48748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scinto","given":"L.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Taylor, J.","contributorId":86138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Childers, D.L.","contributorId":44334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Childers","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jones, R.D.","contributorId":51804,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"R.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70170582,"text":"70170582 - 2003 - Differences in native soil ecology associated with invasion of the exotic annual chenopod, Halgeton glomeratus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-26T16:49:37","indexId":"70170582","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1030,"text":"Biology and Fertility of Soils","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Differences in native soil ecology associated with invasion of the exotic annual chenopod, Halgeton glomeratus","docAbstract":"Various biotic and abiotic components of soil ecology differed significantly across an area whereHalogeton glomeratus is invading a native winterfat, [ Krascheninnikovia (= Ceratoides) lanata] community. Nutrient levels were significantly different among the native, ecotone, and exotic-derived soils. NO3, P, K, and Na all increased as the cover of halogeton increased. Only Ca was highest in the winterfat area. A principal components analysis, conducted separately for water-soluble and exchangeable cations, revealed clear separation between halogeton- and winterfat-derived soils. The diversity of soil bacteria was highest in the exotic, intermediate in the ecotone, and lowest in the native community. Although further studies are necessary, our results offer evidence that invasion by halogeton alters soil chemistry and soil ecology, possibly creating conditions that favor halogeton over native plants.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/s00374-003-0638-x","usgsCitation":"Duda, J.J., Freeman, D.C., Emlen, J.M., Belnap, J., Kitchen, S.G., Zak, J.C., Sobek, E., Tracy, M., and Montante, J., 2003, Differences in native soil ecology associated with invasion of the exotic annual chenopod, Halgeton glomeratus: Biology and Fertility of Soils, v. 38, no. 2, p. 72-77, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-003-0638-x.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"72","endPage":"77","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":320581,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57209130e4b071321fe6560e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Duda, Jeffrey J. 0000-0001-7431-8634 jduda@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7431-8634","contributorId":145486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duda","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jduda@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":627755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Freeman, D. Carl","contributorId":31599,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Freeman","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"Carl","affiliations":[{"id":7147,"text":"Wayne State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":627756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Emlen, John M.","contributorId":168812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Emlen","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":627757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Belnap, Jayne 0000-0001-7471-2279 jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7471-2279","contributorId":1332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belnap","given":"Jayne","email":"jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":627758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kitchen, Stanley G.","contributorId":60530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kitchen","given":"Stanley","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":627759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Zak, John C.","contributorId":168942,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zak","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":627760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Sobek, Edward","contributorId":168943,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sobek","given":"Edward","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":627761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Tracy, Mary","contributorId":168944,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tracy","given":"Mary","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":627762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Montante, James","contributorId":168945,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Montante","given":"James","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":627763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70026234,"text":"70026234 - 2003 - Mercury from mineral deposits and potential environmental impact","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-10T17:57:59.601516","indexId":"70026234","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1539,"text":"Environmental Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mercury from mineral deposits and potential environmental impact","docAbstract":"Mercury deposits are globally distributed in 26 mercury mineral belts. Three types of mercury deposits occur in these belts: silica-carbonate, hot-spring, and Almaden. Mercury is also produced as a by-product from several types of gold-silver and massive sulfide deposits, which account for 5% of the world's production. Other types of mineral deposits can be enriched in mercury and mercury phases present are dependent on deposit type. During processing of mercury ores, secondary mercury phases form and accumulate in mine wastes. These phases are more soluble than cinnabar, the primary ore mineral, and cause mercury deposits to impact the environment more so than other types of ore deposits enriched in mercury. Release and transport of mercury from mine wastes occur primarily as mercury-enriched particles and colloids. Production from mercury deposits has decreased because of environmental concerns, but by-product production from other mercury-enriched mineral deposits remains important.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00254-002-0629-5","issn":"09430105","usgsCitation":"Rytuba, J.J., 2003, Mercury from mineral deposits and potential environmental impact: Environmental Geology, v. 43, no. 3, p. 326-338, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00254-002-0629-5.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"326","endPage":"338","numberOfPages":"1","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234395,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5405e4b0c8380cd6ce6c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rytuba, J. J.","contributorId":83082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rytuba","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":408672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70025588,"text":"70025588 - 2003 - Geomorphic, water quality and fish community patterns associated with the distribution of Notropis topeka in a Central Missouri Watershed","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-25T13:56:51","indexId":"70025588","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":737,"text":"American Midland Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geomorphic, water quality and fish community patterns associated with the distribution of Notropis topeka in a Central Missouri Watershed","docAbstract":"The Topeka shiner (Notropis topeka) is a small native cyprinid species that has declined throughout its range in the Central Great Plains Region of the United States. Declines of the species have been associated with numerous factors including water quality, physical habitat alteration and predation. The N. topeka occurs in the Moniteau Creek Watershed of Cooper and Moniteau Counties of Central Missouri. We studied the Moniteau Creek population of N. topeka over a 1 y period to identify the primary physical, chemical and biological factors associated with population distributions. Fish community composition, water quality data and physical habitat variables were collected at 20 sites distributed across 8 sub-watersheds. Notropis topeka were collected at 8 of the 20 locations; 3 of these sites represent a recent within-watershed range expansion. Notropis topeka were confined to upper reaches of the sub-watersheds in areas typified by relatively high gradient and coarse substrate conditions. Water quality was significantly influenced by both precipitation and locations of sub-watersheds. Although there were isolated sub-watersheds with anthropogenic water quality impacts, we did not detect any relationships between water quality conditions and N. topeka distributions. Collectively, the data indicated that the Moniteau Creek Watershed contains a relatively stable population of N. topeka associated with good water quality and habitat conditions. This study provides baseline data that can be used to identify other watersheds where rehabilitation efforts are most likely to be successful.
","language":"English","publisher":"University of Notre Dame","doi":"10.1674/0003-0031(2003)150[0058:GWQAFC]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00030031","usgsCitation":"Bayless, M., McManus, M., and Fairchild, J., 2003, Geomorphic, water quality and fish community patterns associated with the distribution of Notropis topeka in a Central Missouri Watershed: American Midland Naturalist, v. 150, no. 1, p. 58-72, https://doi.org/10.1674/0003-0031(2003)150[0058:GWQAFC]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"58","endPage":"72","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236238,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"150","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a279ce4b0c8380cd59a40","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bayless, M.A.","contributorId":30802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bayless","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McManus, M.G.","contributorId":98096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McManus","given":"M.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fairchild, J.F.","contributorId":88891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fairchild","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70025582,"text":"70025582 - 2003 - Extreme 34S depletions in ZnS at the Mike gold deposit, Carlin Trend, Nevada: Evidence for bacteriogenic supergene sphalerite","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:00","indexId":"70025582","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Extreme 34S depletions in ZnS at the Mike gold deposit, Carlin Trend, Nevada: Evidence for bacteriogenic supergene sphalerite","docAbstract":"We identified submicrometer-sized framboidal sphalerite (ZnS) below the base of supergene oxidation in a Carlin-type gold deposit of Eocene age in Nevada, United States, where the framboidal sphalerite forms a blanket-like body containing >400,000 metric tons of zinc. Framboidal sphalerite <0.1 ??m in diameter, formed in the early Miocene, ranges from <0.1 to 0.35 mol% FeS; the ??34S values range from -25??? to -70???, the lowest values measured in a marine or terrestrial environment. These S isotope data demonstrate the involvement of sulfate-reducing bacteria and provide the first documentation that sphalerite can form significant supergene sulfide-enrichment blankets.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/G19831.1","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Bawden, T., Einaudi, M., Bostick, B., Meibom, A., Wooden, J., Norby, J., Orobona, M., and Chamberlain, C., 2003, Extreme 34S depletions in ZnS at the Mike gold deposit, Carlin Trend, Nevada: Evidence for bacteriogenic supergene sphalerite: Geology, v. 31, no. 10, p. 913-916, https://doi.org/10.1130/G19831.1.","startPage":"913","endPage":"916","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487504,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/177088","text":"External Repository"},{"id":209548,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/G19831.1"},{"id":236127,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0e65e4b0c8380cd5342b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bawden, T.M.","contributorId":78136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bawden","given":"T.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Einaudi, M.T.","contributorId":27201,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Einaudi","given":"M.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bostick, B.C.","contributorId":62813,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bostick","given":"B.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Meibom, A.","contributorId":28414,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meibom","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wooden, J.","contributorId":21736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wooden","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Norby, J.W.","contributorId":33507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norby","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Orobona, M.J.T.","contributorId":40785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orobona","given":"M.J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Chamberlain, C. P.","contributorId":103841,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chamberlain","given":"C. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":1015035,"text":"1015035 - 2003 - Plasma cholinesterase levels of mountain plovers (Charadrius montanus) wintering in central California, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-12T21:45:15","indexId":"1015035","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Plasma cholinesterase levels of mountain plovers (Charadrius montanus) wintering in central California, USA","title":"Plasma cholinesterase levels of mountain plovers (Charadrius montanus) wintering in central California, USA","docAbstract":"Declines of over 60% in mountain plover (Charadrius montanus) populations over the past 30 years have made it a species of concern throughout its current range and a proposed species for listing under the U.S. Endangered Species Act. Wintering mountain plovers spend considerable time on freshly plowed agricultural fields where they may potentially be exposed to anticholinesterase pesticides. Because of the population status and wintering ecology of plovers, the objectives of our study were to use nondestructive methods to report baseline plasma cholinesterase (ChE) levels in free-ranging mountain plovers wintering in California, USA, and to assess whether sampled birds showed signs of ChE inhibition related to anticholinesterase chemical exposure. We compared plasma ChE activity for mountain plovers sampled from the Carrizo Plain (an area relatively free of anticholinesterase pesticide use) with similar measures for plovers from the Central Valley (where anticholinesterase pesticides are widely used). Analyses for ChE inhibition indicated that none of the plovers had been recently exposed to these chemicals. However, mean ChE levels of plovers from the Central Valley were significantly higher (32%) than levels reported for plovers from the Carrizo Plain. This result differs from our original assumption of higher exposure risk to mountain plovers in the Central Valley but does suggest that some effect is occurring in the ChE activity of mountain plovers wintering in California.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/etc.5620220115","usgsCitation":"Iko, W., Archuleta, A., and Knopf, F., 2003, Plasma cholinesterase levels of mountain plovers (Charadrius montanus) wintering in central California, USA: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 22, no. 1, p. 119-125, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620220115.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"119","endPage":"125","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130973,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad9e4b07f02db68500e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Iko, W.M.","contributorId":99933,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iko","given":"W.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Archuleta, A.S.","contributorId":55374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Archuleta","given":"A.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Knopf, F.L.","contributorId":26998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knopf","given":"F.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70026067,"text":"70026067 - 2003 - Association of earthquakes and faults in the San Francisco Bay area using Bayesian inference","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-19T13:13:15.811914","indexId":"70026067","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Association of earthquakes and faults in the San Francisco Bay area using Bayesian inference","docAbstract":"Bayesian inference provides a method to use seismic intensity data or instrumental locations, together with geologic and seismologic data, to make quantitative estimates of the probabilities that specific past earthquakes are associated with specific faults. Probability density functions are constructed for the location of each earthquake, and these are combined with prior probabilities through Bayes' theorem to estimate the probability that an earthquake is associated with a specific fault. Results using this method are presented here for large, preinstrumental, historical earthquakes and for recent earthquakes with instrumental locations in the San Francisco Bay region. The probabilities for individual earthquakes can be summed to construct a probabilistic frequency–magnitude relationship for a fault segment. Other applications of the technique include the estimation of the probability of background earthquakes, that is, earthquakes not associated with known or considered faults, and the estimation of the fraction of the total seismic moment associated with earthquakes less than the characteristic magnitude. Results for the San Francisco Bay region suggest that potentially damaging earthquakes with magnitudes less than the characteristic magnitudes should be expected. Comparisons of earthquake locations and the surface traces of active faults as determined from geologic data show significant disparities, indicating that a complete understanding of the relationship between earthquakes and faults remains elusive.
Seismic reflection profiles shot across the Cascadia forearc show that a 5–15 km thick band of reflections, previously interpreted as a lower crustal shear zone above the subducting Juan de Fuca plate, extends into the upper mantle of the North American plate, reaching depths of at least 50 km. In the extreme western corner of the mantle wedge, these reflectors occur in rocks with P wave velocities of 6750–7000 ms−1. Elsewhere, the forearc mantle, which is probably partially serpentinized, exhibits velocities of approximately 7500 ms−1. The rocks with velocities of 6750–7000 ms−1 are anomalous with respect to the surrounding mantle, and may represent either: (1) locally high mantle serpentinization, (2) oceanic crust trapped by backstepping of the subduction zone, or (3) rocks from the lower continental crust that have been transported into the uppermost mantle by subduction erosion. The association of subparallel seismic reflectors with these anomalously low velocities favours the tectonic emplacement of crustal rocks.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2003GL018541","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Calvert, A., Fisher, M.A., Ramachandran, K., and Trehu, A., 2003, Possible emplacement of crustal rocks into the forearc mantle of the Cascadia Subduction Zone: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 30, no. 23, 2196, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2003GL018541.","productDescription":"2196, 4 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":387715,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"23","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-12-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7e1fe4b0c8380cd7a358","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Calvert, A.J.","contributorId":16614,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Calvert","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fisher, M. A.","contributorId":69972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ramachandran, K.","contributorId":71735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramachandran","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Trehu, A.M.","contributorId":90754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trehu","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70024924,"text":"70024924 - 2003 - A 16,000 14C yr B.P. packrat midden series from the USA-Mexico Borderlands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:05","indexId":"70024924","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3218,"text":"Quaternary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A 16,000 14C yr B.P. packrat midden series from the USA-Mexico Borderlands","docAbstract":"A new packrat midden chronology from Playas Valley, southwestern New Mexico, is the first installment of an ongoing effort to reconstruct paleovegetation and paleoclimate in the U.S.A.-Mexico Borderlands. Playas Valley and neighboring basins supported pluvial lakes during full and/or late glacial times. Plant macrofossil and pollen assemblages from nine middens in the Playas Valley allow comparisons of two time intervals: 16,000-10,000 and 4000-0 14C yr B.P. Vegetation along pluvial lake margins consisted of open pinyon-juniper communities dominated by Pinus edulis, Juniperus scopulorum, Juniperus cf. coahuilensis, and a rich understory of C4 annuals and grasses. This summer-flowering understory is also characteristic of modern desert grassland in the Borderlands and indicates at least moderate summer precipitation. P. edulis and J. scopulorum disappeared or were rare in the midden record by 10,670 14C yr B.P. The late Holocene is marked by the arrival of Chihuahuan desert scrub elements and few departures as the vegetation gradually became modern in character. Larrea tridentata appears as late as 2190 14C yr B.P. based on macrofossils, but may have been present as early as 4095 14C yr B.P. based on pollen. Fouquieria splendens, one of the dominant desert species present at the site today, makes its first appearance only in the last millennium. The midden pollen assemblages are difficult to interpret; they lack modern analogs in surface pollen assemblages from stock tanks at different elevations in the Borderlands. ?? 2003 University of Washington. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.yqres.2003.08.001","issn":"00335894","usgsCitation":"Holmgren, C., Penalba, M., Rylander, K., and Betancourt, J., 2003, A 16,000 14C yr B.P. packrat midden series from the USA-Mexico Borderlands: Quaternary Research, v. 60, no. 3, p. 319-329, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2003.08.001.","startPage":"319","endPage":"329","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207790,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2003.08.001"},{"id":233004,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"60","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e2c0e4b0c8380cd45c07","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holmgren, C.A.","contributorId":19692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holmgren","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Penalba, M.C.","contributorId":80462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Penalba","given":"M.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rylander, K.A.","contributorId":58414,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rylander","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Betancourt, J.L. 0000-0002-7165-0743","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7165-0743","contributorId":87505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Betancourt","given":"J.L.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":403140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70024925,"text":"70024925 - 2003 - The typological approach to submarine groundwater discharge (SGD)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:05","indexId":"70024925","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1007,"text":"Biogeochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The typological approach to submarine groundwater discharge (SGD)","docAbstract":"Coastal zone managers need to factor submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) in their integration. SGD provides a pathway for the transfer of freshwater, and its dissolved chemical burden, from the land to the coastal ocean. SGD reduces salinities and provides nutrients to specialized coastal habitats. It also can be a pollutant source, often undetected, causing eutrophication and triggering nuisance algal blooms. Despite its importance, SGD remains somewhat of a mystery in most places because it is usually unseen and difficult to measure. SGD has been directly measured at only about a hundred sites worldwide. A typology generated by the Land-Ocean Interaction in the Coastal Zone (LOICZ) Project is one of the few tools globally available to coastal resource managers for identifying areas in their jurisdiction where SGD may be a confounding process. (LOICZ is a core project of the International Geosphere/Biosphere Programme.) Of the hundreds of globally distributed parameters in the LOICZ typology, a SGD subset of potentially relevant parameters may be culled. A quantitative combination of the relevant hydrological parameters can serve as a proxy for the SGD conditions not directly measured. Web-LOICZ View, geospatial software then provides an automated approach to clustering these data into groups of locations that have similar characteristics. It permits selection of variables, of the number of clusters desired, and of the clustering criteria, and provides means of testing predictive results against independent variables. Information on the occurrence of a variety of SGD indicators can then be incorporated into regional clustering analysis. With such tools, coastal managers can focus attention on the most likely sites of SGD in their jurisdiction and design the necessary measurement and modeling programs needed for integrated management.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biogeochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1023/B:BIOG.0000006125.10467.75","issn":"01682563","usgsCitation":"Bokuniewicz, H., Buddemeier, R., Maxwell, B., and Smith, C., 2003, The typological approach to submarine groundwater discharge (SGD): Biogeochemistry, v. 66, no. 1-2, p. 145-158, https://doi.org/10.1023/B:BIOG.0000006125.10467.75.","startPage":"145","endPage":"158","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207791,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:BIOG.0000006125.10467.75"},{"id":233005,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"66","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb145e4b08c986b3252a2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bokuniewicz, H.","contributorId":68928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bokuniewicz","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Buddemeier, R.","contributorId":84543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buddemeier","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Maxwell, B.","contributorId":56615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maxwell","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smith, C.","contributorId":96429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70025284,"text":"70025284 - 2003 - Productivity and breeding habitat of loggerhead shrikes in a southwestern urban environment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:58","indexId":"70025284","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3451,"text":"Southwestern Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Productivity and breeding habitat of loggerhead shrikes in a southwestern urban environment","docAbstract":"Declines in loggerhead shrike (Lanius ludovicianus) populations have been associated in part with habitat loss and degradation, including that resulting from urbanization. We monitored the productivity and examined nesting habitat of loggerhead shrikes nesting in an urban environment in Tucson, Arizona. We located 22 breeding pairs in 1997 and 26 breeding pairs in 1998, with a 72% breeding area reoccupancy between years. Mean fledgling numbers were 2.28/ nesting attempt and 3.11/successful nest. Although some pairs initially failed and renested, 91% and 73% of shrike pairs successfully fledged young in 1997 and 1998, respectively. Mayfield estimates of nesting success were 78% in 1997 and 65% in 1998. Nest sites were characterized by more trees >3 m in height, taller nest trees than those randomly available, and a greater proportion of bare ground surface than at random sites. Shrike breeding territories had lower proportions of residential and commercial development and greater proportions of open areas with low-growing vegetation than randomly available. Some shrikes nested in school playgrounds, residential front yards, and parking lots, if adjacent open space was available.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Southwestern Naturalist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1894/0038-4909(2003)048<0557:PABHOL>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00384909","usgsCitation":"Boal, C.W., Estabrook, T., and Duerr, A., 2003, Productivity and breeding habitat of loggerhead shrikes in a southwestern urban environment: Southwestern Naturalist, v. 48, no. 4, p. 557-562, https://doi.org/10.1894/0038-4909(2003)048<0557:PABHOL>2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"557","endPage":"562","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236146,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209555,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1894/0038-4909(2003)048<0557:PABHOL>2.0.CO;2"}],"volume":"48","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8de9e4b0c8380cd7eee3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boal, C. W.","contributorId":102614,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boal","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Estabrook, T.S.","contributorId":43149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Estabrook","given":"T.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Duerr, A.E.","contributorId":33666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duerr","given":"A.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70024926,"text":"70024926 - 2003 - Modeling radium and radon transport through soil and vegetation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:05","indexId":"70024926","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2233,"text":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling radium and radon transport through soil and vegetation","docAbstract":"A one-dimensional flow and transport model was developed to describe the movement of two fluid phases, gas and water, within a porous medium and the transport of 226Ra and 222Rn within and between these two phases. Included in this model is the vegetative uptake of water and aqueous 226Ra and 222Rn that can be extracted from the soil via the transpiration stream. The mathematical model is formulated through a set of phase balance equations and a set of species balance equations. Mass exchange, sink terms and the dependence of physical properties upon phase composition couple the two sets of equations. Numerical solution of each set, with iteration between the sets, is carried out leading to a set-iterative compositional model. The Petrov-Galerkin finite element approach is used to allow for upstream weighting if required for a given simulation. Mass lumping improves solution convergence and stability behavior. The resulting numerical model was applied to four problems and was found to produce accurate, mass conservative solutions when compared to published experimental and numerical results and theoretical column experiments. Preliminary results suggest that the model can be used as an investigative tool to determine the feasibility of phytoremediating radium and radon-contaminated soil. ?? 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0169-7722(03)00032-9","issn":"01697722","usgsCitation":"Kozak, J., Reeves, H.W., and Lewis, B., 2003, Modeling radium and radon transport through soil and vegetation: Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, v. 66, no. 3-4, p. 179-200, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-7722(03)00032-9.","startPage":"179","endPage":"200","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207815,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0169-7722(03)00032-9"},{"id":233039,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"66","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5c1fe4b0c8380cd6fa59","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kozak, J.A.","contributorId":50326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kozak","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reeves, H. W.","contributorId":53739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reeves","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lewis, B.A.","contributorId":66450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewis","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70024918,"text":"70024918 - 2003 - Interaction of sea water and lava during submarine eruptions at mid-ocean ridges","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:11","indexId":"70024918","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interaction of sea water and lava during submarine eruptions at mid-ocean ridges","docAbstract":"Lava erupts into cold sea water on the ocean floor at mid-ocean ridges (at depths of 2,500 m and greater), and the resulting flows make up the upper part of the global oceanic crust. Interactions between heated sea water and molten basaltic lava could exert significant control on the dynamics of lava flows and on their chemistry. But it has been thought that heating sea water at pressures of several hundred bars cannot produce significant amounts of vapour and that a thick crust of chilled glass on the exterior of lava flows minimizes the interaction of lava with sea water. Here we present evidence to the contrary, and show that bubbles of vaporized sea water often rise through the base of lava flows and collect beneath the chilled upper crust. These bubbles of steam at magmatic temperatures may interact both chemically and physically with flowing lava, which could influence our understanding of deep-sea volcanic processes and oceanic crustal construction more generally. We infer that vapour formation plays an important role in creating the collapse features that characterize much of the upper oceanic crust and may accordingly contribute to the measured low seismic velocities in this layer.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nature","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1038/nature02032","issn":"00280836","usgsCitation":"Perfit, M., Cann, J., Fornari, D., Engels, J., Smith, D., Ridley, W., and Edwards, M., 2003, Interaction of sea water and lava during submarine eruptions at mid-ocean ridges: Nature, v. 426, no. 6962, p. 62-65, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature02032.","startPage":"62","endPage":"65","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207748,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature02032"},{"id":232934,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"426","issue":"6962","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-11-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3cb7e4b0c8380cd62f9b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Perfit, M.R.","contributorId":45467,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perfit","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cann, J.R.","contributorId":100158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cann","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fornari, D.J.","contributorId":49520,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fornari","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Engels, J.","contributorId":70152,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engels","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Smith, D.K.","contributorId":17013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ridley, W.I.","contributorId":72122,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ridley","given":"W.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Edwards, M.H.","contributorId":33888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"M.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70026087,"text":"70026087 - 2003 - Seasonal movements, migratory behavior, and site fidelity of West Indian manatees along the Atlantic coast of the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-22T17:33:47.03821","indexId":"70026087","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3773,"text":"Wildlife Monographs","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seasonal movements, migratory behavior, and site fidelity of West Indian manatees along the Atlantic coast of the United States","docAbstract":"The West Indian manatee (Trichechus manatus) is endangered by human activities throughout its range, including the U.S. Atlantic coast where habitat degradation from coastal development and manatee deaths from watercraft collisions have been particularly severe. We radio-tagged and tracked 78 manatees along the east coast of Florida and Georgia over a 12-year period (1986-1998). Our goals were to characterize the seasonal movements, migratory behavior, and site fidelity of manatees in this region in order to provide information for the development of effective conservation strategies. Most study animals were tracked remotely with the Argos satellite system, which yielded a mean (SD) of 3.7 (1.6) locations per day; all were regularly tracked in the field using conventional radiotelemetry methods. The combined data collection effort yielded >93,000 locations over nearly 32,000 tag-days. The median duration of tracking was 8.3 months per individual, but numerous manatees were tracked over multiple years (max = 6.8 years). Most manatees migrated seasonally over large distances between a northerly warm-season range and a southerly winter range (median one-way distance = 280 km, max = 830 km), but 12% of individuals were resident in a relatively small area (<50 km) year-round. The movements of one adult male spanned >2,300 km of coastline between southeastern Florida and Rhode Island. No study animals journeyed to the Gulf coast of Florida. Regions heavily utilized by tagged manatees included: Fernandina Beach, FL to Brunswick, GA in the warm season; northern Biscayne Bay to Port Everglades, FL in the winter; and central coastal Florida, especially the Banana River and northern Indian River lagoons, in all seasons. Daily travel rate, defined as the distance between successive mean daily locations, averaged 2.5 km (SD = 1.7), but this varied with season, migratory pattern, and sex. Adult males traveled a significantly greater distance per day than did adult females for most of the warm season, which corresponded closely with the principal period of breeding activity, but there was no difference between the sexes in daily travel rate during the winter. The timing of seasonal migrations differed markedly between geographic regions. Most long-distance movements in the southern half of the study area occurred between November and March in response to changing temperatures, whereas most migrations in the northern region took place during the warmer, non-winter months. Manatees left their warm-season range in central Florida in response to cold fronts that dropped water temperatures by an average of 2.0??C over the 24-hr period preceding departure. Water temperature at departure from the warm-season range averaged 19??C, but varied among individuals (16-22??C) and was not related to body size or female reproductive status. The presence of industrial warm-water effluents permitted many manatees to overwinter north of their historic winter range, and for some migrants this delayed autumn migrations and facilitated earlier spring migrations. Southward autumn and northward spring migrations lasted an average of 10 and 15 days at mean rates of 33.5 (SD = 7.6) and 27.3 (SD = 10.5) km/day, respectively. The highest rate of travel during migration was 87 km/day (3.6 km/hr) during winter. Manatees overwintering in southeastern Florida often traveled north during mild weather - sometimes reaching their warm-season range - only to return south again with the next major cold front. Manatees were consistent in their seasonal movement patterns across years and showed strong fidelity, to warm-season and winter ranges. Within a season, individuals usually occupied only 1 or 2 core use areas that encompassed about 90% of daily locations. Most manatees returned faithfully to the same seasonal ranges year after year (median distance between range centers was <5 km between years). Seasonal movements of 4 immature manatees tracked as calves with their mothers
","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","usgsCitation":"Deutsch, C.J., Reid, J., Bonde, R., Easton, D.E., Kochman, H., and O'Shea, T., 2003, Seasonal movements, migratory behavior, and site fidelity of West Indian manatees along the Atlantic coast of the United States: Wildlife Monographs, v. 151, p. 1-77.","productDescription":"77 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"77","numberOfPages":"77","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234847,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida, Georgia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.0791015625,\n 32.10118973232094\n ],\n [\n -82.001953125,\n 30.524413269923986\n ],\n [\n -80.6396484375,\n 26.509904531413927\n ],\n [\n -80.4638671875,\n 25.363882272740256\n ],\n [\n -82.265625,\n 28.92163128242129\n ],\n [\n -83.1005859375,\n 28.07198030177986\n ],\n [\n -80.8154296875,\n 24.607069137709683\n ],\n [\n -79.6728515625,\n 26.115985925333536\n ],\n [\n -79.9365234375,\n 28.14950321154457\n ],\n [\n -80.85937499999999,\n 30.334953881988564\n ],\n [\n -81.0791015625,\n 32.10118973232094\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"151","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b88c4e4b08c986b316b69","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Deutsch, C. J.","contributorId":79826,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Deutsch","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reid, J.P. 0000-0002-8497-1132","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8497-1132","contributorId":59372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reid","given":"J.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bonde, R. K. 0000-0001-9179-4376","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9179-4376","contributorId":63339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonde","given":"R. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Easton, Dean E.","contributorId":57784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Easton","given":"Dean","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kochman, H. I.","contributorId":88296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kochman","given":"H. I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"O'Shea, T. J. 0000-0002-0758-9730","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0758-9730","contributorId":50100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Shea","given":"T. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70025283,"text":"70025283 - 2003 - Microparasite assemblages of conspecific shrew populations in Southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:58","indexId":"70025283","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2414,"text":"Journal of Parasitology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Microparasite assemblages of conspecific shrew populations in Southern California","docAbstract":"The microparasite component communities of 2 species of shrews, Notiosorex crawfordi and Sorex ornatus, were investigated for the first time in 2 isolated and 3 continuous landscapes in southern California. With microscopical examination, a total of 6 parasite species was found in N. crawfordi and 8 species in S. ornatus. The highest number (5) of parasite species was detected in the lungs. The corrected estimate of parasite species richness did not significantly correlate with the host abundance in either shrew species. Altitude, and also latitude in N. crawfordi, appeared to be significantly positively associated with the parasite species richness, but this could be due to a false association because of the rare occurrence of some of the parasites or the small altitude range (or both). No other landscape variable analyzed (location, size of the study site, disturbance) was significantly associated with the parasite species richness of the shrews. The parasite assemblages of the 2 shrew species were similar despite the fact that N. crawfordi has a lower metabolic rate than S. ornatus.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Parasitology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1645/GE-3180","issn":"00223395","usgsCitation":"Laakkonen, J., Fisher, R., and Case, T.J., 2003, Microparasite assemblages of conspecific shrew populations in Southern California: Journal of Parasitology, v. 89, no. 6, p. 1153-1158, https://doi.org/10.1645/GE-3180.","startPage":"1153","endPage":"1158","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209537,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1645/GE-3180"},{"id":236107,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"89","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5697e4b0c8380cd6d6b0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Laakkonen, J.","contributorId":81450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laakkonen","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fisher, Robert N. 0000-0002-2956-3240","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2956-3240","contributorId":51675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Robert N.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":404604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Case, T. J.","contributorId":77078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Case","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70024983,"text":"70024983 - 2003 - Unsaturation beneath a water table","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:09","indexId":"70024983","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1574,"text":"Environmental & Engineering Geoscience","printIssn":"1078-7275","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Unsaturation beneath a water table","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental and Engineering Geoscience","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2113/9.4.379","issn":"10787275","usgsCitation":"Holzer, T., and Bennett, M., 2003, Unsaturation beneath a water table: Environmental & Engineering Geoscience, v. 9, no. 4, p. 379-385, https://doi.org/10.2113/9.4.379.","startPage":"379","endPage":"385","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207969,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2113/9.4.379"},{"id":233295,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbcf2e4b08c986b328e64","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holzer, T.L.","contributorId":35739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holzer","given":"T.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bennett, M.J.","contributorId":67504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70025455,"text":"70025455 - 2003 - Sediment transport and deposition processes near ocean outfalls in southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-09-25T15:38:36.694309","indexId":"70025455","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5339,"text":"ASTM Selected Technical Papers","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":19}},"title":"Sediment transport and deposition processes near ocean outfalls in southern California","docAbstract":"An urbanized coastal ocean that has complex topography and large-scale atmospheric and oceanographic forcing can contain a variety of sediment and pollutant distribution patterns. For example, the central southern California Bight has two large embayments, Santa Monica and San Pedro Bays, that are connected by a short, very narrow shelf off the Palos Verdes peninsula. The complex topography causes quite different oceanographic and sediment distribution patterns in this fairly small region of the coastal ocean. In addition, three sewage outfalls discharge material over the outer shelf. A large suite of sediment cores was obtained and analyzed for contaminants, physical properties, accumulation rates, and grain sizes. Arrays of instrumented moorings that monitor currents, waves, water clarity, water density and collect resuspended materials were deployed. The data and models developed for the Palos Verdes margin suggest that a large reservoir of DDT and its byproducts exists in the coastal ocean sediment and will continue to be exhumed and transported along the shelf for a long time. On the Santa Monica shelf, very large internal waves, or bores, are generated at the shelf break. The near-bottom currents associated with these waves sweep sediment and the associated contaminants from the shelf onto the continental slope. On the San Pedro margin an initial examination of recent data collected in the coastal ocean does not suggest that bacterial contamination on local beaches is primarily caused by transport of material from the adjacent ocean outfall.","largerWorkTitle":"ASTM Special Technical Publication","conferenceTitle":"Contaminated Sediments: Characterization, Evaluation, Mitigation, Restoration, and Management Strategy Performance","conferenceDate":"May 26-28, 2003","conferenceLocation":"Quebec City, Quebec, Canada","language":"English","doi":"10.1520/STP11567S","usgsCitation":"Lee, H., Noble, M., and Xu, J., 2003, Sediment transport and deposition processes near ocean outfalls in southern California, in ASTM Special Technical Publication, no. 1442, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada, May 26-28, 2003, p. 253-265, https://doi.org/10.1520/STP11567S.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"253","endPage":"265","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235787,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"southern California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.43193147911012,\n 35.890962293701875\n ],\n [\n -121.43193147911012,\n 32.55531839561759\n ],\n [\n -114.45518014312299,\n 32.55531839561759\n ],\n [\n -114.45518014312299,\n 35.890962293701875\n ],\n [\n -121.43193147911012,\n 35.890962293701875\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","issue":"1442","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b89c7e4b08c986b316e9e","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Locat J.Galvez-Cloutier R.Chaney R.Demars K.","contributorId":128382,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Locat J.Galvez-Cloutier R.Chaney R.Demars K.","id":536567,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Lee, H.J.","contributorId":96693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"H.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Noble, M.A.","contributorId":93513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noble","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Xu, J.","contributorId":25324,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xu","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70025341,"text":"70025341 - 2003 - Future coral reef habitat marginality: Temporal and spatial effects of climate change in the Pacific basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:29","indexId":"70025341","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Future coral reef habitat marginality: Temporal and spatial effects of climate change in the Pacific basin","docAbstract":"Marginal reef habitats are regarded as regions where coral reefs and coral communities reflect the effects of steady-state or long-term average environmental limitations. We used classifications based on this concept with predicted time-variant conditions of future climate to develop a scenario for the evolution of future marginality. Model results based on a conservative scenario of atmospheric CO2 increase were used to examine changes in sea surface temperature and aragonite saturation state over the Pacific Ocean basin until 2069. Results of the projections indicated that essentially all reef locations are likely to become marginal with respect to aragonite saturation state. Significant areas, including some with the highest biodiversity, are expected to experience high-temperature regimes that may be marginal, and additional areas will enter the borderline high temperature range that have experienced significant ENSO-related bleaching in the recent past. The positive effects of warming in areas that are presently marginal in terms of low temperature were limited. Conditions of the late 21st century do not lie outside the ranges in which present-day marginal reef systems occur. Adaptive and acclimative capabilities of organisms and communities will be critical in determining the future of coral reef ecosystems.","largerWorkTitle":"Coral Reefs","language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00338-003-0331-4","issn":"07224028","usgsCitation":"Guinotte, J., Buddemeier, R., and Kleypas, J., 2003, Future coral reef habitat marginality: Temporal and spatial effects of climate change in the Pacific basin, in Coral Reefs, v. 22, no. 4, p. 551-558, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00338-003-0331-4.","startPage":"551","endPage":"558","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209407,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00338-003-0331-4"},{"id":235816,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a142fe4b0c8380cd54944","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Guinotte, J.M.","contributorId":75317,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guinotte","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Buddemeier, R. W.","contributorId":86492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buddemeier","given":"R. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kleypas, J.A.","contributorId":13221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kleypas","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70025339,"text":"70025339 - 2003 - The distribution of meteoric 36Cl/Cl in the United States: A comparison of models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:29","indexId":"70025339","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1923,"text":"Hydrogeology Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The distribution of meteoric 36Cl/Cl in the United States: A comparison of models","docAbstract":"The natural distribution of 36Cl/Cl in groundwater across the continental United States has recently been reported by Davis et al. (2003). In this paper, the large-scale processes and atmospheric sources of 36Cl and chloride responsible for controlling the observed 36Cl/Cl distribution are discussed. The dominant process that affects 36Cl/Cl in meteoric groundwater at the continental scale is the fallout of stable chloride from the atmosphere, which is mainly derived from oceanic sources. Atmospheric circulation transports marine chloride to the continental interior, where distance from the coast, topography, and wind patterns define the chloride distribution. The only major deviation from this pattern is observed in northern Utah and southern Idaho where it is inferred that a continental source of chloride exists in the Bonneville Salt Flats, Utah. In contrast to previous studies, the atmospheric flux of 36Cl to the land surface was found to be approximately constant over the United States, without a strong correlation between local 36Cl fallout and annual precipitation. However, the correlation between these variables was significantly improved (R 2=0.15 to R 2=0.55) when data from the southeastern USA, which presumably have lower than average atmospheric 36Cl concentrations, were excluded. The total mean flux of 36Cl over the continental United States and total global mean flux of 36Cl are calculated to be 30.5??7.0 and 19.6??4.5 atoms m-2 s-1, respectively. The 36Cl/Cl distribution calculated by Bentley et al. (1996) underestimates the magnitude and variability observed for the measured 36Cl/Cl distribution across the continental United States. The model proposed by Hainsworth (1994) provides the best overall fit to the observed 36Cl/Cl distribution in this study. A process-oriented model by Phillips (2000) generally overestimates 36Cl/Cl in most parts of the country and has several significant local departures from the empirical data.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrogeology Journal","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10040-003-0287-z","issn":"14312174","usgsCitation":"Moysey, S., Davis, S., Zreda, M., and Cecil, L., 2003, The distribution of meteoric 36Cl/Cl in the United States: A comparison of models: Hydrogeology Journal, v. 11, no. 6, p. 615-627, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-003-0287-z.","startPage":"615","endPage":"627","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478517,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.547.1000","text":"External Repository"},{"id":209393,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10040-003-0287-z"},{"id":235780,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baad6e4b08c986b322a3d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moysey, S.","contributorId":100153,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moysey","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davis, S.N.","contributorId":51918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"S.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zreda, M.","contributorId":72557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zreda","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cecil, L.D.","contributorId":62616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cecil","given":"L.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":1008393,"text":"1008393 - 2003 - Movements of Gulf sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi) in nearshore habitat as determined by acoustic telemetry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-06T16:46:31.896384","indexId":"1008393","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1873,"text":"Gulf of Mexico Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Movements of Gulf sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi) in nearshore habitat as determined by acoustic telemetry","title":"Movements of Gulf sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi) in nearshore habitat as determined by acoustic telemetry","docAbstract":"Gulf sturgeon were tagged with telemetry tags and were tracked and relocated in fall and early winter of 1996 and 1998 to determine migration patterns and winter feeding habitats after they emigrated from the Suwannee River, Florida, into the Gulf of Mexico. We hypothesized that their migration would generally follow the drowned Suwannee River channel across the West Florida shelf. Fish left the river in late Oct. or early Nov., about the time river water temperatures fell below 20 C. Tracked and relocated fish moved slowly and remained offshore of Suwannee Sound in nearby shallow (<6 m) marine-estuarine habitats until at least mid or late Dec. The relatively small area (~115km2) within which fish were consistently relocated in 1998 probably is a critically important feeding habitat because adult Gulf sturgeon, which do not feed while in the river, occupy it for up to half their short (4-5 mo) marine residency. The fish left the area in late Dec. or early Jan., most likely in response to powerful cold front-generated weather conditions (under which, boat-based acoustic tracking is infeasible). A large (1,760 km2) adjacent area was searched for sonic-tagged sturgeon in early Jan. 1999, but only one was relocated (~50 km northwest of the Nov.-Dec. area). Although we were unable to address the hypothesis that their migration follows the Suwannee paleochannel, the results do indicate that Gulf sturgeon move to yet unknown, distant, late-winter feeding areas of the Gulf of Mexico before returning to the river in spring.
","language":"English","publisher":"University of Southern Mississippi","doi":"10.18785/goms.2101.05","usgsCitation":"Edwards, R.E., Sulak, K., Grimes, C.B., and Randall, M., 2003, Movements of Gulf sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi) in nearshore habitat as determined by acoustic telemetry: Gulf of Mexico Science, v. 21, no. 1, p. 59-70, https://doi.org/10.18785/goms.2101.05.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"59","endPage":"70","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":486964,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.18785/goms.2101.05","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":132693,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Mexico, Suwannee Reef, Suwannee River, Suwannee Sound","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -83.49609375,\n 29.08977693862319\n ],\n [\n -82.97561645507812,\n 29.08977693862319\n ],\n [\n -82.97561645507812,\n 29.354648639004846\n ],\n [\n -83.49609375,\n 29.354648639004846\n ],\n [\n -83.49609375,\n 29.08977693862319\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"21","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b02e4b07f02db698c57","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Edwards, R. E.","contributorId":92211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sulak, K. J. 0000-0002-4795-9310","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4795-9310","contributorId":76690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sulak","given":"K. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grimes, Craig B.","contributorId":68261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grimes","given":"Craig","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Randall, M.","contributorId":106060,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Randall","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}